Data trawl

ABSTRACT MACHINES

DATA TRAWL

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A graphical analysis of

THE NEW MATHEMATICS OF ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 - Surface and Seriality 6 - Surface and Seriality 7 - Thinness 8 - Plane 9 - Curvature 10 - Minimal surface 11 - Self Intersection 12 - Main Station - Stuttgart Chapter 2 - Complexity 13 - Complexity 14 - Materiality 15 - Responsiveness 16 - Recursion 17 - Chaos theory 19 - The Lourve - Abu Dhabi Chapter 3 - Nesting and Packing 22 - Nesting 23 - Symmetry 24 - Mathematical Principle 25 - Tiling 26 - The Water Cube

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Chapter 4 - Optimisation 28 - Optimise 29 - Material Optimisation 30 - Multiple Optimisation 32 - Qatar Education Centre Chapter 5 - Topology 34 - Topology Infinite Space 35 - Infinite Space 36 - Dimension in Space 37 - Datascapes 38 - Dynamic Interaction 39 - Human Interaction 40 - The Mobius Bridge Chapter 6 - Nature and Civilisation 44 - Cohabitation 45 - Natural Landforms 46 - City Forms 47 - Embodied Energy 48 - Networks and Systems 49 - Emergent restructure

Chapter 7 - Climate and Atmosphere 50 - Energy Process 51 - Energy Systems 52 - Negative Feedback 53 - Positive Feedback 54 - Planet Recycling 55 - Planet Formation Chapter 8 - Surface Landforms 56 - Live Processes 57 - Glacial Landforms 58 - Hydrology Landforms 59 - Glacial Systems Chapter 9 - Living forms 60 - Mutation 61 - Organism Efficiency 62 - Speciation 63 - Meiosis and Mitosis Chapter 10 - The forms of metabolism 64 - Food Webs 65 - Metabolic Rate 66 - Tree Shading 67 - Leaf Arrays 68 - Endothermic and Ectothermic

Chapter 11 - Humans (Cultural form) 69 - Heat Retention 70 - Heat Regulation 71 - Rift Theory 72 - Over Specification 73 - Generalisation 74 - Preferential Prey 75 - Extinction Thresholds Chapter 12 - City forms 76 - Civilisation Development 77 - Critical Extinction 78 - Higher Complexity 79 - Public/Private zones Chapters 13 - The forms of information 80 - Fragmentation 81 - Intelligent Networks 82 - Energy and Ecology Chapter 14 - Emergence 83 - Collapse and Reorganisation 84 - Emergence

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SURFACE AND SERIALITY

Surface

Series

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Surface

THINNESS

Void

Divided space using an infinitesimal surface

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PLANE

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CURVATURE

Material limitations, example torsion on wooden element

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MINIMAL SURFACE

Equal net curvature values based upon surfaces equally transformed in universal direction

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SELF INTERSECTION

Kleine surface, acting in a mobius fashion whilst self intersects

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MAIN STATION STUTTGART - IN MAIN STATION STUTTGART - INGENHOVEN ARCHITECTS The new main station in Stuttgart incorporates new construction techniques to explore the ideas of thinness, creating a shell with a disappearing dimension that uses a minimal surface to provide both vertical and roof structure as well as providing openings allowing light and air into the central chamber

COMPLEXITY THEORY

Variable outcomes from a parametrised system

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MATERIALITY

Material development derived from naturally occurring systems at a micro scale

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RESPONSIVENESS

Design with a confined set of parameters such as height and volume, allowing for multiple generative forms

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RECURSION

A system in which outputs are reintroduced as inputs

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CHAOS THEORY

Micro-scale changes that extrapolate exponential

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THE LOUVRE ABU DHABI – A THE LOUVRE ABU DHABI – ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL

This proposal for the new Louvre in Abu Dhabi utilises a recurring fractal pattern to create a canopy that spans the site, modelled on traditional eastern screening techniques, explored through varying iterations studying the light qualities created within the “other world” beneath

NESTING

Advanced digital fabrication method to optimise space

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SYMMETRY

Sierpinski’s mathematical formula demonstrating formation within multiple iterations of triangles

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MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLE

2D and 3D spatial optimisation of simple and optimal geometries

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TILING

Macro, meso and micro scale of structural weight analysis

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THE WATER CUBE – P THE WATER CUBE – PTW ARCHITECTS This water sports facility in Beijing has an optimised bubble like facade capable of displaying and outputting various information through the flexible usage of its smart facade.

The facade suggests the boundaries between specific geometries have evolved and self optimised based on a special paradigm.

OPTIMISATION

Geometrical reaction to external forces

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MATERIAL OPTIMISATION

Optimisation to minimise material waste

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MULTI OPTIMISATION

Evolving systems may have a detrimental effect upon surrounding systems

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QATAR EDUCATIONAL CENTRE– A AR EDUCATIONAL CENTRE– ARATA ISOZAKI The design was based upon a cultural icon in the region, the Bonsai tree. The imagery and geometry produced was difficult to construct and a clever amalgamation of digital principles previously mentioned were put into practice when designing the internal structure of the tree.

TOPOLOGY

A mathematical problem being solved to optimise a route

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INFINITE SPACE

By intersecting an infinite plane with a boundary you can create a boundaryless plane

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DIMENSIONS IN SPACE

0 Dimensions

1 Dimension

2 Dimensions

Intrinsic and extrinsic perception of dimension in space

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3 Dimensions

DATASCAPES

Manipulation of a modular system for intelligent display

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DYNAMIC INTERACTION

Place and experience varying over time for example lighting within a smart facade

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HUMAN INTERACTION

Responsive systems based on human interactions

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THE MOBIUS BRIDGE – H THE MOBIUS BRIDGE – HAKES ASSOCIATES This competition winning design for a footbridge across the River Avon was structurally independent of the river banks and unthreatening to the surroundings.

This was achieved through the best known non-orientable surface, the Mobius strip. The bridge encompasses a minimal crossing point and compressional arches to optimise the structure.

A graphical analysis of

THE ARCHITECTURE OF EMERGENCE

COHABITATION

The symbiosis of Anthropogenic and biological systems

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NATURAL LANDFORMS

Hydraulic action is a live process to form a natural landscape

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CITY FORMS

Hierarchy and social orders within a conurbation

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EMBODIED ENERGY

States of energy, solar, chemical and thermal

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NETWORK AND SYSTEM

Interconnectivity between nodal systems

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EMERGENT RESTRUCTURE

A system breakdown can lead to a reorganisation of a network

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ENERGY PROCESS

Constant terrestrial energy cycles with solar input

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ENERGY SYSTEMS

Lapse rate and magnetic orientation. Lapse rate is a microscheme that retains radiation levels within the atmosphere

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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A system that’s outputs rein-forms its input further reinforcing an outcome

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POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Positive feedback is an unregulated system

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PLANET RECYCLING

Tectonic recycling allowing the Earth’s crust to renew

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PLANET FORMATION

Pangea

Archipelago

Triassic

Modern

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LIVE PROCESSES

Interlocking glacial systems that restrict tectonic movements

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GLACIAL LANDFORMS

Glacial land formation

Aoelion land formation

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HYDROLOGY LANDFORMS

Water defining a landscape dependent upon its weight speed and volume

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GLACIAL SYSTEMS

Varied sea-level rise from differing glacial formations

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MUTATION

Hopeful monsters, mutation most commonly resulting in detrimental affects upon the organism

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ORGANISM EFFICIENCY

Direct energy transfer to organisms capable of photosynthesis increase efficiency

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SPECIATION

Expansion beyond a sustainable boundary and retraction

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MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

Self replication or hybridisation within cells

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FOOD WEB

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METABOLIC RATE

Lower metabolic rate increases lifespan, requires less energy to sustain

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TREE SHADING

Adaptation to optimise light to lower branches

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LEAF ARRAYS

Natural attractors between zonal demarcations

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ENDOTHERMIC AND ECTOTHERMIC

Heat transfer from environment to organism

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HEAT RETENTION

Increased surface areas means greater heat loss

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HEAT REGULATION

35⁰C

35⁰C

Regulation of micro climate to increase metabolic rate

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35⁰C

RIFT THEORY

Early separation of developing species can lead to varied environment development

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OVER SPECIFICATION

Over specification for particular climates can leave you vulnerable to programmatic change

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GENERALISATION

Generalisation to multiple climates allows for increased adaptability

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PREFERENTIAL PREY

Species with larger metabolic values are preferential to those with a lower metabolic rate

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EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS

10% 25% 40%

The larger the species the lower its critical threshold with regards to extinction

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CIVILISATION DEVELOPMENT

Self regulated systems optimise, reorganise and subdivide within an emergent order

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CRITICAL THRESHOLD

Expanding beyond the boundaries of a system causing restructuring

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HIGHER COMPLEXITY

Self sufficient components interacting within a regulated construct

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PUBLIC PRIVATE ZONES

Hierarchical development of space

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FRAGMENTATION

Increased yield from resource via spatial distribution of settlement

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INTELLIGENT NETWORKS

Connectivity and resource transfer within nodal settlements

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INFORMATION ENERGY AND ECOLOGY

Genetic modification to increase crop yields

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COLLAPSE AND REORGANISATION

Resource depletion via deforestation and desertification

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EMERGENCE

Emergent systems occurring on a multitude of scales within the same parameters

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NICK HART-WOODS, SAM HAYES, DOMINIC KENNEDY