walang title

BA Commun icat i on 3A A.Y . 2013-2014

Mr . Randy T . Nob leza I ns t ruc to r TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II.

CALENDAR OF ACTIV IT I ES……………………………………………1 CAMPUS PRESS FREEDOM A. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….…….. 2 B. OPM IS NOT DEAD……………………………………………….,… 3

C. TWO FACES OF TEENAGERS………………………………………. 8 III.

L INGGO NG WIKA A. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………..……… 12 B. STREES AND DEPRESSION ON STUDENTS……………………………………………………………..13 C. ANIMAL RIGTHS AND ANIMAL ABUSE…………………………. . 17 D. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………. 24

IV .

SAS DAYS A. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….. 25 B. HOMOSEXUALITY…………………………………………………… 26 C. REFERENCES…………………………………………………….….…37 D. SEX AND V IOLENCE IN FOREIGN MOVIES…………………….. . 38 E. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………. 42

V.

DOCUMENTATION……………………………………………………… 43

Campus P ress F reedom

L inggo Ng W ika Theme: W ika Na t in ang Daang Ma tuw id

SAS Days

Ju ly 24 , 2013

Augus t 29 , 2013

Sep tember 19 , 2013

da te

Top ics

Discussan t:

OPM is No t Dead Two Faces o f Teenagers

Syd March M i ra f l o r Sarah Jane Lup ig

An ima l R igh ts and an ima l Abuse St ress and dep ress i on on S tuden ts

Top ics : Homosexua l i t y Sex and V io lence in f o re ign Mov ies

Ma. Ca ta l i na Le lang Mary Be l le La r rosa

Kr is t i an E lon de los Reyes Joy N i単a Dr i za

Venue : SAS Bu i l d ing Room 214

SAS S tudy Cen te r

SAS Bu i l d ing Room 214

Aud ience :

AB Eng l i sh 3

BA Commun ica t i on 3a

BA Commun ica t i on 3A

T ime :

T ime : 7 :30 -9 :00

3 :00 -4 :30

1 :00 -2 :30

Source speake r

Mrs . She ry l Mendoza Psycho logy Teacher

Mrs . Po r t i a Or l i na Co l lege Counc i l o r

None

CALENDAR OF ACTIV ITIES

I n t roduc t ion The top i cs d i scussed du r ing the f o rum f o r t he Campus P ress F reedom a re t he . Those top i cs are re la ted to t he occas ion th rough unders tand ing the d i f f e ren t va r ie t y of peop le who a re concern i n t he f reedom tha t t he med ia a re f ac ing .

The top i c OPM i s not Dead i s an i ssue on wha t i s happen ing to t he loca l mus ic o f t he coun t r y . Mus ic o f t he Ph i l i pp ines i s pe r fo rmance a r t s composed in va r ious gen re and s t y les . The mus ic o f t he Phi l i pp ines i s a mix tu re o f o the r Asi an , Eu ropean , La t i n Amer i can , Amer i can , and ind igenous in f l uences . The OPM is no t dead because o f t he peop le who

are s t i l l mak ing mus i c ‘ s f o r ou r coun t r y and f o r t he peopl e who love l i s t en ing mus ic .

The Two Faces o f Teenagers d i scussed abou t t he d i f f e ren t behav io r o f t he young aged pe rson . They a re mos t l y havi ng the two faces , no t l i t e ra l l y t he f ace bu t t he behav io r be ing seen among them . A teenager , o r t een , i s a young pe rson whose age fa l l s w i t h in t he range f rom th i r t een th rough n ine teen (13–19) . They a re ca l l ed teenagers because t he i r age number ends in " t een" . Someone aged 18 o r 19 i s a l so cons ide red a young adu l t . Usage by o rdi na ry peop le va r ies, and a l so va r ies i n d i f f e ren t soc ie t i es . Mos t soc ie t i es t rad i t i ona l l y had a f o rma l ce remony to mark th e change f rom ch i l d hood to adu l t hood . Dur ing pube r t y , rap id men ta l and phys i ca l deve lopmen t occu r s . Ado lescence i s t he name f o r t h i s t rans i t i on pe r iod f rom ch i l dhood to adu l thood .

OPM is no t Dead

By Syd March M i ra f l or With the in f l uence and in f l ux o f f o re2 i gn a r t i s t s t o ou r c oun t r y , t he re ‘ s a fuss tha t mos t o f t he F i l i p ino a r t i s t s t oday a re no t s i ng ing Or ig ina l Pi l i p ino Mus ic . I f you v i s i t YouTube or wa tch any l oca l v ar ie t y show, you can obse rve that t he i r songs o r per f o rmances a re heavi l y i n f l uenced by the f o re ign a r t i s ts . Meanwh i le , f o r e ign ac t s a re a l so showing the i r dominance in ou r coun t ry ‘ s mus ic i ndust r y . Does th i s means tha t OPM i s dead? Amids t t he t r oub le and pa rano ia , we s t i l l go t F i l i p i no a r t i s t s who l o ve mak ing rea l OPM mus ic . These inc l ude , R ico B lanco , Rey Va le ra , Ryan Cayabyab , and Og ie Alcas id . These a re t he a r t i s t s t ha t we can ca l l ou r own. The re a re many more a r t i s t s ou t t here , and they s t i l l l ove do ing t he i r j obs . Med ia i s a f ac to r o f why OPM is dy ing . W i thout t he suppor t o f med ia , F i l i p ino OPM w i l l be consumed by f o re ign mus ic . Today , f o re ign mus ic i s g i ven more a i r - t ime than local mus ic . T ru l y , i t i s des t roy ing t he mus ic i ndus t r y . The gove rnmen t shows no suppor t f o r t h is . Loca l

reco rd ing compan ies a re l os ing money here , and a r t i s t s under i t s l abe l are a l so a f f ec ted . Mus ic f o rma t has change ; t hey can now be bough t on l ine . The In te rnet can p romote a band o r a song , bu t i t can a l so des t roy a ca ree r o r p ro f i t s because o f f ree and unau tho r i zed a lbums.

Ar t i s t s nowadays a r e now be ing f aced wi t h i n te rne t copy r i gh t and f i l e shar ing i ssues . These a re j us t f ew o f t he numerous p rob lems tha t OPM i s f ac ing today . OPM needs he lp f rom eve r y one o f us . And i t i s up to us as we l l as the gove rnmen t t o rev i ve and pro tec t i t . Fo r OPM mus ic t o be a l i ve aga in , we need to suppor t ou r l o ca l mus ic ians a l l t he way .

Trad i t i ona l mus ic [ed i t ] Ma in a r t i c le : F i l i p ino f o l k mus ic Ph i l i pp ine gong mus ic can be di v i ded in to two t ypes : t he f l a t gong common ly known as gangsa and p layed by the g roups in t he Cord i l l e ra reg i on o f t he bossed gongs p layed among the I s lam and an im is t g roups in t he Sou the rn Ph i l i pp ines . Ku l i n t ang re fe rs t o a racked gong ch ime ins t rumen t p layed i n t he sou the rn i s l ands o f t he Ph i l i ppi nes , a long w i th i t s va r ied accompany ing ensembl es . D i f f e ren t g roups have d i f f e ren t ways o f p lay ing t he ku l i n tang . Two majo r g roups seem t o s tand -ou t i n ku l i n tang mus ic .

These a re the Magu i ndanaon and the Maranaw. The ku l i n tang i ns t rumen t i t se l f cou ld be t ra ced to e i t he r t he i n t roduc t ion o f gongs to Sou theas t As ia f rom Ch ina f rom be fo re the 10 th cen tu ry CE, o r more l i ke l y , t o t he i n t roduc t ion o f bossed gong ch imes f rom Java in t he 15 th cen tu ry .

Never the less the kul i n tang ensemb le i s t he mos t advanced f o rm o f mus ic f rom be fo re the la t e 16 th cen tu ry and t he l egacy o f h i span iza t i on i n t he Ph i l i pp ine a rch ipe l ago . The t rad i t i on o f ku l i n tang ensembl e mus ic i t se l f 3 i s a reg iona l one , preda t ing the es tabl i sh ing o f bo rde rs be tween the Ph i l i pp ines , I ndones ia and Ma lays ia . I t t ranscends re l i g i on , w i t h an im is t and Chr i s t i an e thn i c g roups in Bo rneo , F lo res and Su lawes i p lay ing ku l i n tangan; and Mus l im g roups p lay ing the same genre o f mus ic i n M indanao , Pa lawan and the Su lu a rchi pe lago . I t i s d i s t an t l y re la ted t o t he Game lan mus i c o rches t ras o f Java and Ba l i , as we l l as t he mus ica l f o rms in Ma in land Sou theas t As ia , ma inl y because o f t he usage fo r t he same bossed racked gong ch imes tha t p l ay bo th me lod ica l a nd pe rcuss i ve .

Notab le f o l k song composers i nc lude the Na t iona l A r t i s t f or Mus ic Luc io San Pedro , who composed the f amous "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan" t hat reca l l s abou t t he l ov ing touch o f mo the r t o he r ch i l d . Ano the r g rea t composer who 's known as pa t r i o t i c composer , A l f redo Buenaven tu ra . Ha rana and Kund iman [ed i t ] The Harana and Kund iman a re l y r i ca l songs popu la r i n t he

Ph i l i pp ine I s lands da t ing back to the Span ish pe r iod . Ha rana a re t r ad i t i ona l cou r t shi p songs in t he Mexi can -Span ish t rad i t i on based on t he habanera rhy thm wh i l e t he Kund iman, wh ich has p re -co l on ia l o r i g ins f rom the Taga log reg ion , uses t r i p le me te r rhy thm. Kund iman i s a l so charac te r i zed by a minor key a t t he beg inn ing and sh i f t s t o a ma jo r key i n t he second ha l f . I t s l y r i cs dep ic t a roman t i c t heme, usua l l y por t ray ing l ove , pass ion , o r sadness . I n t he 1920s Harana and Kund iman became more ma ins t r eam mus ica l s t y les l ed by pe r fo rmers such as A tang de l a Rama, Jov i t a Fuen tes , Conch ing Rosal , Sy l v ia La To r re and Ruben Taga log . T ingk l i ng [ ed i t ] The T ink l i ng i s a Ph i l i pp ine dance wh ich i n vo l ves two ind i v i dua l pe r fo rmers h i t t i ng bamboo po les , us ing them to bea t , t ap , and s l i d e on the g round , i n co -o rd ina t i on w i th one o r more dance rs who s teps ove r and in be tween po les . Ca r iñosa [ed i t ] The Car iñosa (mean ing lov ing o r a f fec t i ona te one ) , i s a Ph i l i pp ine na t i ona l dance f rom the Mar ía C la r a su i t e o f Ph i l i pp i ne fo l k dances , where t he f an , and handke rch ie f p lays an ins t rumen t ro le as i t p laces the coup le i n romance scenar io . The dance i s s im i la r t o t he Ja rabe Tapa t ío . The Ca r iñosa i s accompan ied w i th H i span ic mus ic , and l anguage . I t i s a l so r e la ted to Kuracha , Amenudo and Kuradang in t he Vi sayas and M indanao A rea .

Ronda l la [ed i t ] The Ronda l la i s pe r fo rmed on ensemb les compr i s ing mando l in i ns t rumen t s o f va r ious s i zes ca l l ed bandur ia composed on the I be r ian t rad i t i on . Other i ns t rumen ts i nc lud ing gu i t a rs , i s a l so per fo rmed . I t i s o r i g ina l t o Spa in . Modern F i l i p ino Mus ic [ ed i t ] OPM (Or ig ina l P i l i p ino Mus ic ) [ed i t ] See al so : L i s t o f bes t - s e l l i ng a lbums i n t he Ph i l i pp ines Or ig ina l P i l i p ino Mus ic , now more common ly t e rmed Or ig ina l P inoy Mus i c o r Or ig ina l Ph i l i pp ine Mus ic o r OPM f o r sho r t , or ig ina l l y re fe r red on l y t o Ph i l i pp ine pop songs , pa r t i cul a r l y ba l l ads , such as those popu l ar a f t e r t he co l l apse o f i t s p redecessor , t he Man i la Sound , i n t he l a te 1970s , up un t i l t he p resen t . I n t he 70' s No ra Aunor , Pi l i t a Cor ra les , Edd ie Pe reg r ina , V i c t or Wood , AS IN and many more . I n t he 1970s the ma jo r commerc ia l Ph i l i ppi ne pop mus ic a r t i s t s we re , Pops Fernandez , C la i re de la Fuen te , D id i t h Reyes , R ico Puno , Ryan Cayabyab , Bas i l Va ldez , Ce lest e Legasp i , Ha j j i Al e jand ro , Rey Va le r a , and F redd ie Agu i la r , Ime lda Papi n , Eva Eugen io , Nonoy Zun iga and many o the rs .

Between the 1980s and 1990s , OPM was l ed by a r t i s t s such as Reg ine Ve lasquez , Sha ron Cune ta , APO H ik ing Soc ie t y , José Mar i Chan , D ingdong

Avanzado , Rode l Nava l , Janno G ibbs , Ogi e A l cas id , Joey A l ber t , L i l e t , Mar t in N ieve ra , Mani l yn Reynes , Lea Sal onga , V ina Mora les, Raymond Lauchengco , JoAnne Lorenzana , F ranc is Maga lona , and Gary Va lenc iano among many o the rs . I n t he 1990s , t he f amous a r t i s t s /bands i nc luded Erase rheads , Smokey moun ta in , Donna Cruz , Jessa Za ragoza , A r ie l R i ve ra , Sou thbo rde r , A f te r i mage , Andrew E . , Jaya , R i ve rmaya , E l l a May Sa ison among many o the rs . Underg round bands emerged and a long w i t h t hem were t he i r pe rcep t ions of i dea l i sm and se l f -exp ress ion . The famous l y r i c i s t o f C i r c le ‘ s End , Geno Georsua landed on top as the me lod r amat i c exp ress ion i s t . Bassi s t G reg So l iman o f UST Pendong g rasps t he t i t l e as t he bes t bass i s t o f unde rg round mus ic . F rom i t s i ncep t ion , OPM has been cen te red in Man i la , whe re Taga log , and Eng l i sh a re the dominan t l anguages . O the r e t hno l i ngu is t i c g roups such as the V isayan , B i ko l , and Kapampangan , desp i t e mak ing mus ic i n t he i r na t i ve l anguages have no t been recogn ized as OPM, excep t i n unusua l cases l i ke the Bis rock (V isayan Rock mus ic) song "Char ing " by Davao band 1017 . Mu l t i cu l t u ra l i sm advoca tes , and federa l i s t s o f t en associ a te t h i s d i sc repancy to t he Taga log -cen t r i c cu l t u ra l hegemony o f t he cap i t a l c i t y o f Man i la . Hav ing success fu l l y c rea ted a subgenre o f Ph i l i pp ine Rock they ca l led B is rock , t he V isayans by f a r have the b igges t c o l lec t i on o f modern mus ic i n t he i r na t i ve l anguage , w i t h g rea t con t r i bu t i ons f rom V isayan bands Phy lum, and Miss ing F i l emon . However , a band ca l l e d Group ies ' Panc i t e r i a t ha t ha i l s f rom Tac loban , a W inaray -speak ing c i t y , l aunched a f ree down loadab le mp3 a lbum on Soundc l i ck. com in 2009 con ta i n ing 13 Taga log songs and on l y one ve ry sho r t one in t he Cebuano language. [ 1 ] Fo l l ow ing su i t a re t he Kapampangans . The debu t mus ic v ideo o f "Oras " (T ime) by Tar lac C i t y based Kapampangan band Mernu ts has pene t ra ted MTV P i l i p in as , mak ing i t t he f i r s t eve r Kapampangan mus ic v ideo t o j o in t he ranks o f o the r mains t ream F i l i p ino mus ic v ideos . "RocKapampangan : The B i r t h o f Ph i l i pp ine Kapampangan Rock , " an a lbum o f modern remakes o f f o l k Kapampangan ex temporaneous songs by var i ous Kapampangan bands was a l so l aunched las t Feb ruary 2008 , wh ich a re now regu la r l y p layed v ia Kapampangan cab le c hanne l I n fomax -8 and v ia one o f Cen t ral Luzon ' s b igges t FM rad io s t a t ions , GVFM 99 .1 . I nsp i red by wha t t h e loca l s ca l l "Kapampangan cu l t u r a l rena issance , " Ange les C i t y -bo rn ba l l adee r Ronn ie L iang rende red Kapampangan t rans la t i ons o f some o f h i s popu la r songs 5

such as "Ay l i " (Kapampangan ve rs ion o f "Ng i t i " ) , and " I ka" (Kapampangan ve rs ion o f " I kaw" ) f o r h i s repackaged a lbum. Desp i te the grow ing c lamor f o r non -Taga log , and non -Eng l i sh mus ic, and g rea te r rep resen ta t i on o f o the r Ph i l i pp ine l a nguages , t he l oca l Ph i l i pp ine mus ic i n dus t r y , wh ich i s cen te red in Man i l a , i s un fo r thcoming in ven tu r ing inves tmen ts to o the r l oca t i ons . Some o f t he i r ma jo r r easons inc lude the l anguage bar r i e r , sma l l marke t s i ze , and soc io - cu l tu ra l emphas is away f rom reg iona l i sm in the Ph i l i pp ines . The coun t ry ' s f i r s t songwr i t i ng compe t i t i on , Me t ro Man i la Popu la r Mus i c Fes t i va l , was f i r s t es tab l i shed i n 1977 and launched by the Popu la r Mus i c Founda t ion o f t he Ph i l i pp ines .

The even t f ea tu red many p rominen t s ingers and songwr i t e rs du r ing i t s t ime . I t was he ld annua l l y f o r seven years un t i l i t s d i scon t inua t ion on 1985 . I t was l a te r rev i ved in 1996 as t he "Me t ropop Song Fes t i va l " , runn ing fo r ano the r seven yea rs be fo re be ing d i scon t inued i n 2003 due to t he dec l i ne o f i t s popu la r i t y . [ 2 ] Ano t her va r ia t i on o f t h e fes t i va l had been es tab l i shed cal l ed the H im ig Handog con tes t wh ich began on 2000 , opera ted by ABS-CBN Co rpo ra t i on and i t s subs id ia ry mus ic l abe l S ta r Records . F i ve compet i t i ons had been hel d so f a r s ta r t i ng f rom 2000 to 2003 and was even tua l l y rev i ved in 2013 . Un l i ke i t s p redecesso rs , t he con tes t has d i f f e ren t t hemes wh ich re f l ec t t he t ype o f song en t r i es chosen as f i na l i s t s each yea r . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] I n 2012 , t he Ph i l i ppi ne Popu la r Mus ic Fes t i va l was l aunched and i s sa i d to be insp i red by t he f i r s t songwr i t i ng compe t i t i on . [5 ] Pop mus ic [ ed i t ] Pop OPM (a l so ca l l ed P -Pop i n some te r r i t o r i es) has been regu la r l y showcased in the l i ve band scene . Groups such as the Neoco lou rs , Side A , I n t rovoys , The Tee th , Yano , T rue Fa i t h , Passage , and F rees t yl e popu la r i zed songs tha t c lea r l y re f l ec t t he sen t imen ta l cha rac te r o f OPM pop .

6

― Two Faces o f Teenagers ‖

BY SARAH JANE S . LUPIG 7

Most t eenagers have a bad impac t i n our soc ie t y . a . There a re lo t s o f teenagers eve rywhere do ing inapp ropr i a te t h ings l i ke smok ing, d r i nk ing l i quo r . b . Teenagers l i ke s tuden ts do no t go to schoo l ins tead they go t o p laces l i ke p laza , b i l l i a rd p laces and compu te r shops to escape f rom schoo l ac t i v i t i es and c lass . c . Even in the i r young age wh ich is 15 - 24 ages , they are a l ready engage in p re -mar i t a l sex .

But t he re a re teenage rs who a re s t i l l respons ib le . d . They know how to respec t the i r pa ren ts , e lde rs , and o the r person . e . They have fa i t h i n God f . They fo l l ow ru les and regu la t i ons o f the schoo l and the commun i t y where they be long .

Reasons why they a r e engage to do bad t h ings g . They have fam i l y p r ob lems h . I n f l uence f rom pee rs i . They seek a t ten t ion f rom the i r l ove ones

F i l i p inos a re a l l aware o f wha t Jose R iza l sa id tha t " Youth is the hope o f ou r fu tu re " . I ndeed , the re a re s t i l l pe rson who be l ieves on tha t because t ime wi l l come tha t you ths espec ia l l y teenagers wi l l be the one 8

t o manage and change a l l the th ings t ha t a re happen ing in ou r soc ie ty .

As o f now, e lde rs canno t f i gu re ou t i f teenagers a re st i l l wor thy to be ca l l ed as our hope. Some are s t i l l i n good s ide wh i le o the r po r t rays bad behav io r . There a r e s t i l l pe rson tha t i s open -m inded and consc ious to a l l the happen ings around us . Mak ing d i f f e ren t p ro jec t s and be ing aware o f an ind i v idua l i s one o f the bes t way tha t w i l l su rel y he lp themse lves f o r the be t te rmen t o f each and eve r y one . Teenagers have the urge to f i gh t on wha t they know is r igh t as we l l as do th ings t ha t w i l l change a l l the mis takes f or ou r be t te r fu ture . Bu t why is i t l i ke tha t? Ins tead o f the one tha t w i l l se rve as a ro le mode l , teenagers are the f i r s t one who makes t roub le tha t i s no t accep tab le and hur t o the r person .

Teenagers a re engage to d i f f e ren t ac t ion such as smok ing , d r ink ing l i quo r and o the rs t ha t a re mos t l y inf l uence f rom peers due to d i f f e ren t prob lems tha t you t hs a re fac ing . No t a l l the teenagers are mak ing a bad behav io r bu t mos t o f them d idn ' t even ca re in ou r soci e t y , as long as en joymen t and sa t i s fac t i on was seen wi th in the i r se l f , they are a l ready con ten ted . Why don' t do more than tha t? How can we cons ide r teenagers as our hope i f p rac t i c i ng respec t , good ac t ion and de term ina t ion to each i nd i v idua l i s no t presen t w i th in thei r se l f ? Teenagers shou ld grow up , ac t acco rd ing to t he i r age , respons i b le enough to do t he i r task as an asp i r i ng pe rson and be de te rm ined to do the r i gh t t h ings .

Bad Behav io r o f Teens o f Today I n t roduc t ion The soc ie t y o f t oday t r i es ve ry ha rd i n o rde r t o p resen t i t se l f i n a decen t manner . Teen, and la te p re - teen, yea rs a re by f a r some o f t he most s t ress fu l o f y ears o f ones l i ves . W i th ho rmones f l y i ng a l l ove r t he p lace and mood sw ings , f r i ends , and fash ions chang ing p rac t i ca l l y by t he hour , peop le w i l l s t r i ve t o f i t i n .

One o f t he b igges t n igh tmares tha t pa r en ts f ace i s when t he i r k ids t r ans fo rm in to the t eenagers . I t i s t h e age where ch i l d ren tend to be a rebe l and a re i n no pos i t i on to accep t t he l im i ta t i ons . The pa ren ts w ish t he i r ch i l d ren don ‘ t ha rm themse lves i n the p rocess . The ch i l d ren o r t eenagers as one may say , t end to pay no heed to t he adv i ce o f t he i r paren ts . I n p rocess t hey beg in t o a rgue and run away f rom t he i r homes t oo . I t i s a lmos t i mposs ib le f o r t he paren ts t o dea l w i t h t he i r k ids i n a pos i t i ve manner .

Paren ts a re no t t o b lame fo r t he r i se i n bad behav iou r among teenagers , resea rch sugges ts t oday . Many o f t he paren ts exac t l y know wha t t he i r k ids a re do ing and where they a re . Pa r en ts t oday expec t a be t te r response than wha t t hey cu r ren t l y d i spl a y .

9

Mood dang les The mood o f t he teens i s a ve ry unp redi c tab le one and i t may va ry f rom

day to day o r even moment t o momen t f r om upbea t happ iness t o i l l humoured secess ion what m igh t no t be such a g rea t i ssue as they th ink and fo r no reason . I t i s due to t he changes in t he ho rmones tha t t hey t u rn moody and cou l d be d i s t ress fu l and even f rus t ra t i ng f o r t he paren ts . I n re tu rn t he pa ren ts avo id t he ove r reac t i on because they know t ha t t he i r k ids do no t i n tend to i nsu l t t hem and i t i s j u s t due to t he changes in ho rmones t ha t one has tu rned moody .

Ego is t i c Teens a re f requen t l y in deep in t hought w i t h t hem, a w idesp read fea tu re o f i nd i v idua ls i n t ens ion . They p resume tha t eve rybody a l l ove r t hem i s concen t ra ted on them as we l l .

Smok ing One o f t he ma jo r p r ob lems tha t t he k id s o f t oday f ace i s t ha t t hey a re add ic ted to t he c igare t tes and the o ther i t ems tha t need t o be ban ished , a t t he age o f ado lescence .

Nigh t Owl t h i s has become one o f t he b igges t d i s t r esses fo r t he pa r en ts . They a lways wor ry abou t because i t s be t te r f o r k ids to know the d i f f e rence be tween wha t i s r i g h t and wha t i s wrong and wha t i s sa fe and wha t i s no t . The pa ren ts shou ld be in t ouch w i t h t he k ids and keep them t rack ing o f exac t l y whe re th ey a re o r wha t a re t hey do ing a t t he very moment . .

Drug Abuse Drug abuse i s one of t he co re i ssues of t he you th and the t eenagers o f t oday . Teenagers make use o f d rug to f i nd easy way ou t o f t he p rob lems .

They take d rugs , as a so lu t i on to the f a i l u res they have f aced a t some po in t o f t ime in t h e i r l i ves .

Alcoho l Abuse Ano the r i ssue tha t i s i n re la t i on w i th t he abuse o f d rugs i s t he a l coho l abuse . The teenagers when see tha t t he adu l t s a re d r i nk ing excess i ve l y t hey tend to ge t a t t r ac ted and in p rocess ge t t he f i r s t t as te o f t h i s abuse . I t i s impor t an t t o keep on add r ess ing them the hazards o f dr ink ing .

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One way to dea l w i t h the behav io rs o f t eenagers i s t o i n t roduce them wi th t he l im i ta t i ons as we l l as mer i t s and demer i t s o f any i ssue a t an ear l y age . I n fac t , k ids a re i n a be t ter pos i t i on to unde rs tand and obey paren ts than the te enagers . One canno t se t l im i t s on them when they a re grow ing o ld . I t i s obv ious tha t k ids when t rans fo rmed to adu l t s a re used t o t he l im i t s .

Why teenagers t ake r i sks

Al though i t can be s t ress fu l f o r pa rent s , ado lescence and r i sk - tak ing go hand in hand . Th is i s because teenagers need to exp lo re t he i r own l im i t s and ab i l i t i es , as we l l as t he boundar i es you se t . I t ‘ s par t o f t he i r pa th to becoming in dependen t young adul t s . Teenagers need t o exp ress t hemse lves as i nd i v i dua ls , wh ich i s par t o f deve lop ing th e i r i den t i t i es .

Also , t he pa r t s o f t he teenage b ra in r espons ib le f o r impul se con t ro l don ‘ t f u l l y ma tu re un t i l abou t age 25 . Th i s means teenager s a re more l i ke l y t o make impul s i ve , emot iona l dec i s ions w i thou t t h i nk ing th rough t he consequences .

And teenagers wan t t o be accep ted by t he i r pee rs . Some teenagers take r i sks because o f peer p ressu re .

I n t roduc t ion The top ics d iscuss dur ing the L inggo ng Wika hav ing a Theme Wika Nat in ang Daang Matuw id and An ima l R ig ths and 11 An ima l Abuse . Those top ics a re t he re la ted to the theme th rough d iscuss ing the r igh t way o f tak ing the an ima ls and the r i g h t way o f hand l ing s t re ss and dep ress i on .

St ress i s de f i ned as a ― s t a te o f psycho log i ca l and o r phys io log i ca l imba lance resu l t i ng f rom the d i spa r i t y be tween s i t ua t ional demand and t he i nd i v idua l ‘ s abi l i t y and o r mo t i vat i on to mee t t hose demands . ‖Dep ress ion Is de f ined as an i l l ness when the f eel i ngs o f sadness , hope lessness , and despa i r pe r s i s t and in te r f e re wi th a person ‘sab i l i t y t o f unc t i on . S t ress a r e the mos t comp l i cat ed f ee l i ng t ha t t he s tuden ts may have , mos t l y co l l ege s tuden ts due t o heavy loads o f wo rks and somet i mes pee r p ressu re . Because dep ress ion can have b road nega t i ve e f f ec t s on s tuden ts ‘ academic wo rk and compor t i n , schoo ls need t o p rov ide a va r ie t y o f accommoda t ions and ins t ruc t i ona l s t ra teg ies to i nc rease these s tuden ts ‘ success .

An ima l r i gh t s i s t he idea tha t some or a l l nonhuman an ima ls a re en t i t l ed to t he possess ion o f t he i r own l i ves , and tha t t he i r mos t bas i c i n te res t s – such as an i n te res t i n no t su f f e r i ng – shou ld be a f f o rded t he same cons ide ra t i on as the s im i la r i n te res t s o f human be ings . The resea rch con ta ined i n fo rma t ion abou t t he d i f f e ren t r i gh t s g i ven to an ima ls by the governmen t and mus t be g iven by pe t owner . The re i s c lass i f i ca t i on wha t i s t he p rope r k ind o f an ima ls owner s hou ld keep .

Di f f e ren t o rgan iza t i on i s push ing these r i gh t s f o r an ima l espec i a l l y t hose o rgan iza t ions advoca ted in t ak ing the an ima ls . Advoca tes app roach t he i ssue f rom a var i e t y o f pe rspec t i v es . The abo l i t i on i s t v i ew i s t ha t an ima ls do have mora l r i gh t s , wh ich th e pu rsu i t o f i nc remen ta l r e fo rm may underm ine by encourag ing human be i ngs to f ee l comfo r t ab le abou t us ing them.

STRESS AND DEPRESSION ON STUDENTS

By Ma . Ca ta l i na Le l ang What i s S t ress and Depress ion?

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S t ress I s de f i ned as a ― s t a te o f psycho log i ca l and / o r phys io log i ca l imba l ance resu l t i ng f rom t he d i spa r i t y be tween s i tua t i ona l demand and the ind i v idua l ‘ s ab i l i t y and / o r mot i va t i on to mee t t hose demands . ‖

•

Depress ion I s de f in ed as an i l l ness when the f ee l i ngs o f sadness , hope lessness , and despa i r pe rs i s t and i n te r f e re w i th a person ‘sab i l i t y t o f unc t i on .

Common s tuden t i ssues and p rob lems incl ude s tudy i ssues , money wor r ies , re la t i onshi ps , hous ing , f am i l y p ressu res , and cul t u re and i den t i t y .

Causes o f dep ress ion Depress ion does no t have a s ing le cause . Seve ra l f ac to rs can lead to depress ion . Some peop le ca r ry genes tha t i nc rease the i r r i s k o f depress ion . Env i ronment you r su r round i ngs and l i f e expe r i ences , such as

s t ress , a l so a f f ec t s you r r i sk f o r depress ion . S t resses of co l l ege may i nc lude : •

L iv ing away f rom fami ly f o r t he f i r s t t ime

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Miss ing fam i l y o r f r i ends

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Fee l ing a lone o r i s o la ted

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Exper ienc ing con f l i c t i n re la t i onsh ips

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Fac ing new and somet imes d i f f i cu l t schoo l wo rk

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Worry ing abou t f i nances .

Signs o f dep ress ion When someone has f i ve o r more o f t hese symptoms mos t o f t he t ime fo r 2 weeks o r l onge r , t h a t pe rson i s p robabl y dep ressed : •

Frequen t sadness , t ear fu lness , c r y ing

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Hope lessness

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Soc ia l i so la t i on , p oor commun ica t i on

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Decreased in te res t i n ac t i v i t i es

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I nab i l i t y t o en joy prev ious l y f avo r i t e ac t i v i t i es

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Pers i s ten t bo redom, l ow ene rgy

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Alcoho l and d rug abuse

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Se l f - I n ju re

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Poor concen t ra t i on

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A ma jo r change in ea t ing and / o r s leepi ng pa t te rns

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Ta lk o f o r e f f o r t s t o run away f rom home

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Though ts o r exp ressi ons o f su i c ide o r se l f des t ruc t i ve behav io r

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Low se l f es teem and gu i l t

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Ext reme sens i t i v i t y t o re jec t i on o r f a i l u re

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I nc reased i r r i t ab i l i t y , ange r , o r hos t i l i t y

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Di f f i cu l t y w i t h re l a t ionsh ips

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F requen t comp la in t s o f phys i ca l i l l nesses such as headaches and s tomach aches

When You ‘ re Depressed You fee l sad o r c r y a l o t and i t doesn‘ t go away You fee l gu i l t y f o r no rea l reason ; You fee l l i ke you r no good ; You ‘ve l os t you r con f idence L i fe seems mean ing l ess o r l i ke no th ing good i s ove r go ing t o happen aga in .

You have a nega t i ve a t t i t ude a l o t o f t he t ime , o r i t seems l i ke you have no f ee l i ngs .

You don ‘ t f ee l l i ke do ing a l o t o f t he t h ings you used to l i ke– l i ke mus ic , spo r t s , be ing w / f r i ends , go ing ou t and you want t o be l e f t a lone mos t o f t he t ime .

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I t ‘ s ha rd to make up you r m ind . You forge t l o t s o f t h ings, and i t s hard to concen t ra te.

You ge t i r r i t a ted of t en , l i t t l e t h ings make you lose you r t emper , you ove r reac t .

Your ea t ing hab i t s change ; you ‘ re l os t you r appe t i t e o r y ou ea t a l o t more .

You fee l res t l ess and t i r ed mos t o f t h e t ime .

You th ink abou t deat h , o r f ee l l i ke you ‘ re dy ing , o r have t hough ts abou t commi t t i ng sui c i de .

How can you he lp yourse l f i f you a re depressed?

I f you have dep ressi on , you fee l exhaus ted , he lp less , and hope less . Bu t i t i s impor tan t t o rea l i ze tha t t hese f ee l i ngs a re pa r t o f t he i l l ness .

Trea tmen t can he lp you fee l be t te r .

Try t o see a p ro fess iona l as soon as poss ib le - resea rch shows t ha t ge t t i ng t rea tmen t sooner ra the r t han la te r can re l i e ve symptoms qu i cke r and reduce the l eng t h o f t ime t rea tmen t i s needed .

Give t rea tmen t a f a i r chance - a t t end sess ions and fo l l ow you r doc to r ‘ s o r t he rap i s t ‘ s adv i ce , i nc ludi ng adv i ce abou t spec i f i c exe rc i se o r ― homework ‖ t o t r y be tween appo in tmen ts

B reak up la rge tasks in to sma l l ones , and do wha t you can as you can ; t r y no t t o do t oo many th ings a t once Spend t ime w i th o ther peop le and ta l k t o a f r i end o r re la t i ve abou t you r f ee l i ngs.

Do no t make impor tan t dec i s ions un t i l you f ee l be t te r ; t a l k abou t dec i s ions w i t h o the rs whom you t rus t and who know you we l l .

Engage in m i ld physi ca l ac t i v i t y o r exerc i se Par t i c ipa te i n ac t i v i t i es t ha t you used to en joy Expec t you r mood to improve g radua l l y wi th t rea tmen t Remember tha t pos i t i ve t h ink ing w i l l r ep lace nega t i ve though ts as you r dep ress ion responds to t rea tmen15 t.

How can you he lp a f r i end who i s dep ressed?

I f you suspec t a f r i end may have dep ress ion , you can he lp h im o r he r ge t d iagnosed and t rea t ed . You may need to he lp you r f r i end f i nd a doc to r , menta l hea l t h ca re prov ide r , o r men ta l hea l t h se rv i ces on you r co l l ege campus .

Of fe r suppor t unde rs tand ing , pa t i ence , and encou rage Ta lk t o you r f r i end and l i s ten ca re fu l l y Never i gno re comment s abou t su i c ide , a nd repo r t t hem to your f r i end ‘s t he rap is t or doc to r I nv i t e you r f r i end ou t f o r wa lks , ou t i ng , and o the r ac t i v i t i es .

I f t hey re fuse keep t r y ing , bu t don ‘ t push .

Ensure tha t you r f r i end ge ts t o doc to r ‘ s appo in tmen ts and encourage h im o r her t o repo r t any conce rns abou t med ica t i ons to t he i r hea l t h ca re proo f

An ima l r i gh t s and an ima l abuse

By Mary Be l l e La r rosa An ima l r i gh t s & an i mal abuse

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I . An ima l r i g h ts a . Why an ima l r i gh t s? b . Impor t ance o f an ima ls i n ou r l i ves c . T reat i ng the Pe ts d . Pe ts f o r Dep ress ion and S t ress e.

O rgan iza t i ons

I I . An ima l abuse a . Why do peop le abuse anima ls? b . Why ch i l d ren abuse an i mals? c . E f f ec ts on c rue l t y ro an ima ls d . An i mal t es t i ng

ANIMAL RIGHTS ― Ang an ima l r i gh t s ay ang mga ka rapat ang panghayop na kung saan s i l a ay may ka rapa t ang mamuhay ng maayos a t ma laya . Ang si numang magma lup i t sa mga i t o ay may ka rampa tang pa rusa mu la sa pamaha laan . ― - DAN JARDELEZAWhy An ima l R igh ts I n h i s book ANIMAL L IBERATION, Pe te r Singe r s ta tes tha t t he bas i c pr inc ip le o f equa l i t y does no t requ i re equa l o r i den t i ca l t rea tmen t ; i t requ i res equa l consi de ra t i on . Th i s i s an impor tan t d i s t i n c t ion when t a l k ing abou t an imal r i gh t s . Peop le o f t en ask i f an ima ls shou ld have

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r i gh t s , and qu i te s imp ly , t he answer i s ― Yes ! ‖ An ima ls su re l y dese rve t o l i ve the i r l i ves f ree f r om su f f e r i n g and exp lo i t a t i on .

Je remy Ben tham, the f ounde r o f t he re f orm ing u t i l i t a r i an schoo l o f mora l ph i l osophy , s t a ted tha t when deci d ing on a be ing ‘ s r i gh t s , ― T he ques t i on i s no t ‗Can they reason? ‘ no r ‗Can they ta l k? ‘ bu t ‗Can they su f f e r? ‘ ‖ I n t ha t passage , Ben tham po in t s t o t he capac i t y f o r su f f e r i ng as the v i t a l charac te r i s t i c t ha t gi ves a be ing the r i gh t t o equa l cons ide ra t i on.

Al l an ima ls have the ab i l i t y t o su f f e r i n t he same way and to t he same degree tha t humans do . They f ee l pa in , p leasu re , f ea r , f r us t ra t i on , l one l i ness , and mo t her l y l ove . Whenever we cons ide r do ing someth ing tha t wou ld a f f ec t w i th t he i r needs , we a re ob l i ga ted to t ake t hem in to accoun t Impor tance o f an imal i n ou r l i ves They have p layed var i ous ro les ; t ha t o f a f r i end , compan i on , bene fac to r , pro tec to r , comfo r ter , and mo re . Th is wor ld wou ld be a ve r y d i f f e ren t p lace were i t s on l y peop le . Apa r t f rom be ing f a i t h fu l comrades , an ima ls a lso have numerous o the r bene f i t s f o r humans .

Even though an ima ls a re under - ra ted and under -app rec ia ted i n many wa lks o f l i f e , many see the i r t rue wort h . Those who cannot , o r re fuse t o , see the i r import ance ; do so on l y ou t o f se l f i shness or i gno rance .

These c rea tu res w i t h whom we sha re God' s ea r th l end beau t y , g race and unders tand ing to t h e vas t un i ve rse o f l i f e .

An ima ls a f f ec t eve r yone 's l i f e , whe ther you ' re an an ima l - l o ve r , an ima l -ha te r , an imal - ea te r o r an ima l - s ave r , and the i r p resence i s impor tan t . Impor tance ranges f rom compan ionsh ip t o f ood source , and i t va r ies by per son . Pe ts impac t our l i ves i n a pos i t i ve way , as do work an ima ls and food an ima ls . We may no t rea l i ze how much impac t an ima ls have on ou r l i ves .

1 . Compan ionsh ip 2 . Ca re tak ing Sk i l l s 3 . Work ing An ima ls 4 . L i ve l i hood 5 . Food .

6 . Spo r t & Le i su re

Trea t ing the pe ts 18

To make you r an ima l s love you , you have to show them cou rage , respec t , hono r , compass ion , l ove , and courage . Whe the r i t i s a dog or ca t , a l l pe t s need to be t rea ted w i t h l ove and honor . I t i s you r du t y t o t ake care o f t hem.

1 . P rov ide p rope r f ood .

2.

Exe rc i se you r pe t .

3 . Love them 4 . P rov ide f un ac t i v i t i es f o r bo th an i mals .

Pets f o r Depress ion and Hea l th "Pe ts o f f e r an uncond i t i ona l l ove tha t can be ve ry he lp ful t o peop le w i th dep ressi on , " says Ian Cook, MD, a psych ia t r i s t and d i rec to r o f t he Depress ion Research and C l in i c P rog ram a t UCLA. S tud ies show tha t an ima ls can reduce tens ion and improve mood . A long w i th t r ea tmen t , pe ts can he lp some peop le w i t h m i ld t o modera te dep ress ion f ee l be t te r . I f you ' re dep ressed , he r e 's a rundown o f how pe ts cou ld he lp .

A. S imp le l ove B. Respons ib i l i t y C. Ac t i v i t y D. Rou t ine E. Soc ia l i n te rac t i on F. Touch G. Be t te r hea l t h

Eigh t o rgan iza t ions t ha t p romot ing an i mal r i gh tS 1 . Ea r th I s land Inst i t u te ' s

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i s an i n te rna t i ona l env i ronmen ta l o rgan iza t i on tha t p romot es awareness , popu la r eco logy and invo l vement f o r t he p ro tect i on , conse rva t ion and res to ra t i on o f na tu re.

2 . PSPCA ( Ph i l i p p ine Soc ie t y f o r t h e Preven t ion o f Crue l t y t o An ima ls ) i s an o rgan iza t ion es tab l i shed to p ro t ec t and p romote t he we l f a re o f an ima ls . I t ' s p r imary ob jec t i ve i s t o en for ce the l aw aga ins t c rue l t y t o an ima ls and do o the r ac t s t ha t w i l l l essen t he su f f e r i ngs o f a n ima ls . The soc ie t y a l so con t inues to ca r ry ou t i t s goa l t o educa te t he genera l pub l i c abou t p rope r an imal ca re and suppor t t he campa ign f o r mak ing th e Ph i l i pp ines a rabi es f ree coun t r y .

. 3 . CARA •

CARA a lways has l o ts o f ca t s and dogs o f a l l ages , co lours and pe rsona l i t i es who

are l ook ing f o r l ovi ng homes . Mos t peop le a re a t t rac ted t o the young k i t t ens , bu t p lease g i ve an o lde r ca t a chance . A l so don ‘ t f o rge t , ca t s don ‘ t l i ke t o l i ve a lone – p lease consi de r a pa i r .

4 . PETA •

t he wor ld ' s l a rges t an ima l r i gh t s o rgan iza t i on , wh ich has more than 3 m i l l i on members and support e rs a round the worl d .

I t s assoc ia tes a re ded ica ted to es tab l i sh ing and p ro tec t i ng the r i gh t an ima ls . I t opera tes unde r the s imp le p r inc ip le t h a t an ima ls a re no t ours t o ea t , wear , expe r imen t on, o r use f o r en te r t a inmen t .

5 . AWC ( An ima l We l f a re Coa l i t i on ) •

6.

Estab l i shed by severa l an ima l we l f a re groups in t he coun t r y i n 2006 , AWC i s pass iona te abou t p roper pe t ca re , an ima l con t ro l , and f i gh t i ng the dog mea t t ra de . AWC is one o f t he main g roups responsi b le f o r he lp ing Kabang , t he m ixed b reed dog f rom Zamboanga

AKF ( An ima l K ingdom Founda t ion ) 20 •

AKF 's m iss ion i s t o suppo r t , p ro tec t a nd p romote we l f a re and the r i gh t s o f a n ima ls ; t o e l im ina t e the p rac t i ce o f i l l ega l s laugh te r o f dogs fo r human consumpt ion and to i n t roduce regu la t i o ns o r amendmen ts i n t he ex i s t i ng an ima l -we l f a re l aws o f t he Ph i l i pp ines. A non -s tock , non - pro f i t an ima l we l f a re o rgan iza t i on 7 . PAWS ( Ph i l i pp ine An ima l We l fa re Soc iet y )

•

PAWS is a reg i s te red non -p ro f i t o rgan i za t ion wh ich i s ded ica ted to t he p r o tec t i on and the p r omot ion o f humane t r ea tmen t o f a l l anima ls .

I t runs an an ima l s he l te r ca l l ed ― PARC ‖ (PAWS An ima l Rehab i l i t a t i on Cen t er ) l oca ted a t Au rora B l vd . , Ka t ipunan Va l ley , Loyo la He igh ts , Quezon C i t y t h a t cu r ren t l y houses 49 dogs and 227 ca t s rescued f rom c ruel t y o r neg lec t .

An ima l Abuse t h i s i s when the peop le o r human abus ing the an ima ls such as k i ck ing i t , no t f eed ing on r i gh t t ime , no t t a k ing good ca re o f i t . I t i s a l so ca l l ed the c rue l t y t o an ima ls o r an imal neg lec t , i s t he human in f l i c t i on o f su f f e r ing o r harm upon non -human an ima ls , f o r pu rposes o the r t han se l f -de fense o r su r v i va l . More na r row l y , i t can be ha rm f or spec i f i c ga in , such as k i l l i ng an ima ls f o r f ood o r f o r t he i r f u r , a l though op in ions d i f f e r w i t h respec t t o t he met hod o f s laugh te r .

Why Do Peop le Abuse An ima ls?

Accord ing ASPCA •

t he re a re 3 ma in scenar ios i n wh ich peop le abuse an ima ls •

The f i r s t scena r io i s when the abuse r does no t rea l i ze t he ac t i ons they a r e commi t t i ng a re act ua l l y hu r t i ng t he an ima l

•

The second scenar io an ima l abuse common ly i s ca tego r i zed under i s in wh ich the abuser does i t on purpose bu t on l y once o r f o r a sho r t p er iod o f t ime . I n one ins tance , t he abuse r may be young and i s pee r pressu red to hu r t a n an ima l t o seem coo l o r t o f ee l i nc luded

The f i na l , mos t d ras t i c and c rue l scenar io , i s i n wh ich t he abuse r does the ha rm on purpose cons tan t l y 21 over a l ong pe r iod o f t ime .

The abuse r i n ten t i o na l l y hu r t t he an ima l because they en j oy i t o r i t makes them fee l power fu l . W i th mos t o f t hese cases , t h e owner f ee l s t ha t i f t hey abuse the an ima l , t hey can have con t rol ove r i t . Some peop le even abuse an ima ls t o show the i r spouse how much con t ro l t hey have ove r t hem by rep resen t ing the i r con t ro l phys i ca l l y on the an ima l .

Other reasons : •

To exp ress ange r t h rough an an ima l : The fac t t ha t domes t i c an ima ls a re usua l l y c lose by and cannot t e l l anyone wha t

happens to t hem sadl y means tha t t hey can be used as l i v i ng punch ing bags .

•

To pe r fo rm non -speci f i c agg ress ion : These f reaks abuse an ima ls because they ge t a s i ck sense o f p leasu re by t o r tu r i ng o the rs . These peop le a re ex t reme ly dangerous and o f ten ta rge t o the r peop le once the th r i l l o f an ima l abuse wears o f f .

•

To con t ro l i t : Th i s happens f requen t l y when an i gno ran t pe t owner be l i eves tha t t he bes t way to t r a in an an ima l i s t o ― p un i sh i t ‖ when i t does someth ing wrong . I t can a l so happen in t he pe r form ing an ima l bus iness , whe re a f ew bad t r a ine rs abuse the an ima l when i t f a i l s to pe r fo rm the requ i red ac t i on . The resu l t i s t ha t t h e an ima l even tua l l y per fo rms the request ed ac t i on ou t o f f ear o f be ing abused.

Why ch i l d ren abuse an ima ls?

•

An adu l t may f o rce t he ch i l d t o abuse an ima ls and use th i s to coerce the ch i l d i n t o s i l ence abou t h i s o r he r own abuse .

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A ch i l d , f ee l i ng power less th rough abuse by adu l t s , may f i nd h is o r he r own v i c t ims to exe r t con t rol and ga in a sense o f power .

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A ch i l d may abuse a pe t , s ib l i ng o r peer as a way o f d isp lac ing hos t i l i t y towards h i s o r her abuse r .

•

An ima l abuse may take p lace as pa r t o f a gang in i t i a t i on r i t ua l .

Ef fec t o f an ima l c r ue l t y on an ima ls .?

•

Th is may be phys i cal l y assau l t 22 i ng an an ima l , s ta rv ing i t , o r keep ing i t i n an unsu i tab le env i ronment . Th i s causes su f fe r i ng - an ima ls expe r ience pa in , f ear , bo redom, l one l i ness ‘ e t c . j u s t l i ke we do . I t c an a l so cause phys io log i ca l and hea l th p rob lems , i n cl ud ing : i n ju ry d iges t i ve p rob lems reduced rep roduc t i v e f i t ness i nc reased s t ress hormones i nc reased hea r t ra t e and b lood p ressu r e aggress ion depress ion

An ima l Tes t i ng a lso known as an imal expe r imen ta t i on , an ima l resea rch , and in v i vo t es t i ng , i s t he use o f non -human an imal s i n expe r imen ts .

How a re the an ima ls used o r t es ted?

An an ima l i s exposed to a t es t subs tance , e i t he r by be ing f o rced to ea t i t , b rea the i t , have i t rubbed on the i r sk i n , o r have i t i n jec ted . The tes t subs tance i s o f ten a househo ld chemica l , an i ndus t r i a l chemica l , such as a pes t i c ide , a f ood add i t i ve , a cosmet i c ing red ien t , o r a pharmaceu t i ca l p roduc t .

An ima ls a re obse rved fo r t ox i c e f f ec t s such as vomi t i ng , d ia r rhea , convu ls ions , resp i r a to ry d i s t ress , appe t i t e o r we igh t l oss , rashes and a l l e rg i c reac t i ons , sk in and eye i r r i t a t i on , sa l i va t i on , para l ys i s , l e tha rgy, b leed ing , t umors , b i r t h de fec t s , and many o the r ha rmfu l e f f ect s .

An ima ls a re then k i l l ed to end the exper imen t , wo rse s t i l l , t he i r i n te rna l o rgans a re o f ten examined fo r ha rmfu l e f f e c ts .

What e f f ec t does anima l t es t i ng have on an ima ls?

•

An ima l t es t i ng can have many d i f f e ren t e f f ec t s on an an ima l depend ing on the spec ies , bu t t hese a r e the mos t common: 1 . Loss o f l i f e 2 . Impared hea r ing or o the r senses o r comp le te l oss o f t h em 3 . Impared movemen t 4 . May cause the anima l no t ab le t o reproduce wh ich may l ead t o ex t i nc t i on i f t h e an ima l i s a l ready endangered 5 . d i s f i gu remen t o f body o r pa r t s o f t he body .

Refe rences :

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h t tp : / / answers . yahoo .com/ques t ion / index?q id=20071107105844AATHJUl h t tp : / /www.dosomethi ng .o rg / t i psand too l s / faqs -abou t -an ima l - t es t i ng h t tp : / /w ik i . answers. com/Q/What_e f fec t_does_an ima l_ tes t i ng_have_on_ an im a l s · ^F rum, Dav id (2000) . How We Go t He re : The ' 70s . New Yor k , New York : Bas ic Books . p . 274 . ISBN 0 -465 -04195-7 Yu , Le i , Mouchang , Y i (2009) . "13 . B i ocen t r i c E th i ca l Theor ies " .Env i ronmen t and Deve lopmen t – Vo l . I I . Ch ina . p. 422 . ISBN9781-84826-721 -3

h t tp : / /www.ehow.com/ abou t_5349359_ impor t ance -an ima ls -humanl i ves .h tm l# i xzz2Z jw4Dz2K

I n t roduc t ion

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The SAS days top i cs a re t he Homosexua l i t y and the Sex and V io lence in f o re ign mov ies . Those top i cs a re re la t ed to v io le t l ec tu r e se r ies tha t a lso shows the med i a v io lence no t j us t v iewed in d i f f e rent mov ies tha t k i l l i ng men to men bu t a l so abuse to t he homosexua l peop l e .

Homosexua l i t y i s ro mant i c a t t rac t i on , sexua l a t t rac t i on or sexua l behav io r be tween members o f t he same sex o r gender . As an o r i en ta t i on , homosexua l i t y re fe r s to " an endu r ing pa t te rn o f o r d i sposi t i on to exper ience sexua l , a f fec t i ona te , o r ro mant i c a t t rac t i ons " p r imar i l y o r exc lus i ve l y t o peopl e o f t he same sex . " I t a l so re fe rs t o an i nd i v idua l ' s sense o f pe rsona l and soci a l i den t i t y based on those a t t rac t i ons , behav i ors exp ress ing them, and membersh ip i n a commun i t y o f o the rs who sha re th em. Among w i th b i sexua l i t y and he te rosexua l i t y , homosexua l i t y i s one o f t he th ree ma in ca tego r ies o f sexua l o r i en ta t i on wi th in t he he te rosexua l–homosexua l cont i nuum. The re i s no consensus among sc ien t i s t s abou t why a pe rson deve lops a pa r t i cu la r sexua l or ien ta t i on however, b io log i ca l l y -based theo r ies f o r t he cause o f sexua l or ien ta t i on a re f avored by expe r t s , wh ich po in t t o gene t i c f ac to rs , t he ear l y u te r ine env i r onmen t , o r bo th comb ina t ions . Moreove r , t he re i s no subs tan t i ve ev idence wh ich sugges ts paren t i ng o r ea r l y chi l dhood

exper iences p lay a ro le when i t comes t o sexua l o r i en ta t i on ; when i t comes to same-sex sexua l behav io r , shared o r f am i l i a l envi r onmen t p lays no ro le f o r men and m ino r ro le f o r women . Wh i le some ho ld t he v iew tha t homosexua l ac t i v i t y i s "unna tu ra l " o r "dys func t iona l ‖ , r esearch has shown tha t homosexua l i t y i s an examp le o f a no rma l and nat u ra l va r ia t i on i n human sexua l i t y and i s no t i n and of i t se l f a sou rce of nega t i ve psycho log ica l e f f ect s . Mos t peop le exper ience l i t t l e o r n o sense o f cho ice abou t t he i r sexua l o r i en ta t i on and the re i s i nsu f f i c i en t ev idence t o suppo r t t he use o f psycho log i ca l i n t e rven t ions to change sexua l or ien ta t i on . P re judi ce and d i sc r im ina t i on aga ins t homosexua l and b isexua l peop le (homophob ia ) have , howeve r , been shown to cause s ign i f i can t psycho l og ica l ha rm, and a r e espec ia l l y damag i ng to ch i l d ren who a re homosexua l or b i sexua l .

The mos t common te r ms fo r homosexua l p eop le a re l esb ian f or f ema les and gay fo r ma les , t hough gay i s a l so used to re fe r gene ra l l y t o bo th homosexua l ma les and fema les . The number o f peop le who id en t i f y as gay or l esb ian and the propo r t i on o f peop l e who have same -sex sexua l exper iences a re d i f f i cu l t f o r resea rchers to es t ima te re l i ab l y f o r a va r ie t y o f reasons , i nc lud ing many gay peop le no t open ly i den t i f y ing as such due to homophob ia and he te rosex i s t d i sc r im ina t ion . Homosexua l behav io r has a l so been documen ted and i s obse rved in many non -human an ima l spec ies . Many gay and lesb ian peop le a re i n commi t t ed same -sex re la t i onsh ips , t hough on l y recen t l y have census f o rms and po l i t i ca l cond i t i ons f ac i l i t a t ed the i r v i s ib i l i t y and enumera t ion . These re la t i onsh ips a re equ iva len t t o he te rosexua l re la t i onsh ips in essen t ia l psycho log ica l respec ts . Homosexua l re l a t ionsh ips and ac t s have been admi red , as we l l as condemned , t h roughou t reco rded h i s to r y , depend ing on t he f o rm they took and the cu l t u re i n wh ich they occu r red. ] S ince the end o f t he 19 th cent u ry , t he re has been a g loba l movemen t t owards i n c reased v i s ib i l i t y , r ecogn i t i on , and l ega l r i gh t s f o r homosexua l peop le , i nc lud ing the r i gh t s to mar r iage and ci v i l un ions , adop t ion and pa ren t ing , emp loyment , m i l i t a r y se rvi ce , equa l access to hea l t h care , and the i n t roduc t ion o f an t i -bu l l y i ng l eg i s la t i on to p ro t ec t gay m ino rs .

Sex and V io lence in Fo re ign Mov ies i s t he o the r one wh ich d i scussed abou t t he med ia v io l ence and i t s e f f ect s t o t he v iewer . Genre f i lmmak ing he lps make sense o f t he wor ld , c rea t in g codes by wh ich th e seeming l y i r ra t i ona l ways o f human behav io r can be unde rs tood . W i th s to ry te l l i ng modes tha t t rave l f rom coun t r y t o count r y — t he c r ime p i c tu re , t he hor ro r f i lm , t he act i on mov ie — gen res c ross bo rde rs and ba r r i e rs w i t h aud iences the wor ld ove r . On -sc reen v i o lence can be seen as an i n te rna t iona l l anguage .

When peop le dec ry or de fend the g raph i c dep ic t i on o f v io l ence on sc reen , i t i s usua l l y i n ref e rence to ma ins t ream Amer i can mov ies . Many f i lms f rom o the r coun t r i e s a re equa l l y i f not more exp l i c i t t han the i r 26 Amer i can coun te rpa r t s , ye t bo th i n t hei r home coun t r i es and in t he U .S . t hey a re seen in a somewha t d i f f e ren t l i gh t . Amer i can f i l mmakers have in no way co rne red the marke t f o r b lood and ac t i on on -sc reen, w i t h i n f l uence and insp i ra t i on mov ing i n bot h d i rec t i ons .

Homosexua l i t y

By Kr i s t i an E lon del27 os Reyes Fac to rs tha t a t t rac t i on :

a re

common

in

the

backg rounds

o f men wi th

same -sex

1 . Unhea l thy Ch i ldhood Re la t i onsh ips wi t h Fema les Fema les can wound young boys by smo the r ing , c r i t i c i z i ng , con t ro l l i ng , and igno r ing p roper boundar ies . Some boys who have expe r ienced such wound ing deve lop unhea l thy re la t i onsh ips w i th women in adu l thood in wh ich they e i t he r push them too f a r away o r ho ld t hem too c lose .

2 . D is to r ted Concept s o f Gender Unhea l thy ch i l dhood re la t i onsh ips w i t h fema les can d ist o r t a man ‘s v iew o f the fema le gender , a f f ec t how he sees h imse l f in rel a t i on to women, damage h is sense of mascu l i n i t y , and preven t the na tu r a l deve lopment o f a sense o f genderedness . Th is can leave the ind i v idua l wi thou t a sense o f t he oppos i t e sex as comp lemen ta ry and a t t rac t i ve .

3 . Fee l i ng Incongruen t W i th One ‘s Own Gender Fee l ing incongruent w i th wha t a man be l i eves h is gende r requ i res may c rea te a psychol og i ca l l y uns tab l e s i t ua t ion , resu l t i ng in the unconsc ious mind compensa t ing th rough f i xa t i ons o r a t t r ac t ions toward males and mascu l i n i t y .

4 . P rob lems In Re lat i onsh ips W i th O ther Ma les Dur ing ch i l dhood , some boys d isconnec t f rom o the r ma les due to nega t i ve exper iences wi th ma les , nega t i ve s tereo t ypes abou t ma l es , and fea r o f be ing seen as s t r ange . Th is leaves the i r no rma l needs fo r same -sex connec t ion and bond ing unmet , resu l t i ng in long ings and c rav ings fo r male c loseness

5 . Sexua l Cond i t i oni ng Sexua l des i re can be cond i t i oned th r ough pa i r i ng spec i f i c s t imu l i w i th 28 and ear l y exposure to ma le sexua l a rousa l . Mal e -on -ma le sexua l abuse pornography may c rea te o r i n tens i f y homosexua l a rousa l f o r some boys .

6 . Sexua l Abuse I n add i t i on to i t s po ten t ia l ro le in cond i t i on ing sexua l a rousa l , sexua l abuse can c rea te or in tens i f y gender incongru i t y , d isa f f i l i a t i on f rom o the r ma les , and i f the perpe t ra to r i s fema le , fea r o r ha t red o f women.

I t may a l so c rea te repe t i t i ve pa t te rns o f compu ls i ve sexua l behav io r .

7 . Ce r ta in B io log i c a l and Phys i ca l I ssues Research on d i rec t b io log i ca l and gene t i c causes o f homosexua l i t y i s i nconc lus i ve . Bu t our expe r ience sugges ts tha t ce r ta in b io log i cal f ac to rs can have an impor tan t ind i rec t impac t by a f fect i ng o the r par t s o f t he deve lopmen tal pa thway .

8 . Ce r ta in Emot ional and Psycho log ica l P rob lem Cer ta in emot iona l and psycho log i ca l i s sues may inc rease the l i ke l i hood o f deve lop ing homosexua l i t y . These i ssues p robab ly don‘ t p lay a causa l ro le , bu t may int ens i f y the e f fect o f o the r p red i spos ing fac to rs , par t i cu la r l y gender i ncongru i t y sexua l cond i t i on ing , and sexua l abuse How Migh t Homosexual i t y Deve lop?

Excerp ted f rom "The Comp lex In te rac t i on o f Genes and Env i ronment : A Mode l f o r Homosexua l i t y " by Je f f r ey Sat inove r ,M.D .

I t may be d i f f i cul t to g rasp how genes , env i ronmen t , and o the r i n f l uences in te r rel a te to one ano ther , how a cer ta in fac to r may " i n f l uence" an ou t come bu t no t cause i t , and how fa i t h en te rs in .

The scenar io be low is condensed and 29 hypo the t i ca l , bu t is d rawn

f rom the l i ves o f ac tua l peop le , i l l us t ra t i ng how many d i f f e ren t f ac to rs i n f l uence behav io r .

Note tha t the fo l l ow ing is jus t one o f the many deve lopmenta l pa thways tha t can lead to homosexua l i t y , bu t a common one . In rea l i t y , eve ry pe rson 's " road" to sexua l exp ress ion is ind i v idua l , however many common l eng ths i t may share w i th those o f o t hers .

Our scenar io s ta r t s wi th b i r t h . The boy ( fo r examp le ) who one day may go on to s t r ugg le w i th homosexua l i t y i s bo rn wi t h ce r ta in f ea tu res tha t a re somewha t more common among homosexual s than in t he popu la t i on a t l a rge . Some o f these t ra i t s m igh t be inher i t ed (gene t i c ) , wh i l e o the rs migh t have been caused by the " i n t rau te r ine env i ronmen t " (ho rmones) . Wha t th i s means is tha t a youngs te r w i thou t these t ra i t s w i l l be somewha t less l i ke l y to become homosexua l l a te r t han someone wi t h t hem.

From a ve ry ear l y age po ten t ia l l y her i t ab le cha rac ter i s t i cs mark t he boy as "d i f f e ren t . " He f inds h imse l f somewha t shy and uncomfo r tab le w i th t he t yp i ca l " rough and tumb le " o f h i s peers .

He reca l l s a pa in f u l "m ismatch " be tween wha t he needed and longed f o r and wha t h is f a the r o f f e red h im. Perhaps most peop le wou ld agree tha t h i s f a the r was d is t i nct l y d is tan t and i ne f f ec t i ve ; maybe i t was jus t t ha t h i s own needs we re un ique enough tha t h is f a the r , a decen t man, cou ld neve r qu i te f ind the r i gh t way to re la te t o h im .

Al though he has "de fens i ve l y de tached" f rom h is fa the r , the young boy s t i l l ca r r i es s i l en t l y w i th in h i m a te r r i b le long i ng fo r the warmth , love , and enc i r c l i ng a rms o f the fa the r he neve r d id nor cou ld have . Ear l y on , he deve lops i n tense , nonsexua l a t tachments t o o lde r boys he admi res - bu t a t a d is tance , repea t in g wi th them t he same expe r ience o f l ong ing and unava i l ab i l i t y .

30

As he matu res (espec ia l l y in ou r cu l t u re where ear l y , ex t ramar i ta l sexua l expe r iences a re sanc t ioned and even encouraged) , the youngs te r , now a teen , beg ins to expe r imen t w i th homosexua l ac t i v i t y . Or a l te r na t i ve l y h is needs fo r same -sex c loseness may

a l ready have been t aken advan tage o f by an o lde r boy or man, who preyed upon h im sexua l l y when he was st i l l a ch i l d .

As he matu res (espec ia l l y in ou r cu l t u re where ear l y , ex t ramar i ta l sexua l expe r iences a re sanc t ioned and even encouraged) , the youngs te r , now a teen , beg ins to expe r imen t w i th homosexua l ac t i v i t y . Or a l te r na t i ve l y h is needs fo r same -sex c loseness may a l ready have been t aken advan tage o f by an o lde r boy or man, who preyed upon h im sexua l l y when he was st i l l a ch i l d .

At some po in t , he g ives in to h is deep long ings for lo ve and beg ins to have vo lun ta ry homosexual expe r iences . He f inds poss ib l y to h is hor ro r - tha t these o ld , deep , pa inf u l long ings are a t l eas t t emporar i l y , and f o r t he f i r s t t ime eve r , assuaged .

He a lso d iscove rs t ha t , as fo r anyone , sexua l o rgasm i s a power fu l re l i eve r o f d i s t r ess o f a l l so r t s . By engag ing in homosexua l ac t i v i t i es he has a l ready c rossed one o f the mos t cr i t i ca l and s t rong l y en fo rced boundar ies o f sexua l t aboo .

I n t ime , h is l i f e becomes even more d is t ress ing than fo r mos t .

Some o f th i s i s in fac t , as ac t i v i s t s c la im , because al l - t oo -o f ten he expe r iences f rom othe rs a co ld l ack o f sympathy or even open hos t i l i t y . The on l y peop le who seem rea l l y to accep t him are o the r gays , and so he f o rms an even s t ronger bond wi th them as a " commun i t y . " Bu t i t i s no t t rue , as ac t i v i s t s c la im, tha t these are the on l y o r even the ma jo r s t resses .

Af te r wres t l i ng w i t h such gu i l t and31 shame fo r so many years , the boy , now an adu l t , comes to be l i eve , qu i t e unders tandab ly - and because o f h is deni a l , needs to be l i eve - " I can ' t change anyway because the cond i t i on i s unchangeab le .

Soc ia l a t t i t udes t oward homosexua l i t y w i l l p lay a ro l e in mak ing i t more o r less l i ke l y tha t the man wi l l adop t an "i nbo rn and unchangeab le " pe rspec t i ve , and a t wha t po in t in h is deve lopment .

I t i s obv ious tha t a wide ly sha red and propaga ted worl d v iew tha t norma l i zes homosexua l i t y w i l l inc rease the l i ke l i hood o f h is adop t ing such be l i e f s , and a t an ea r l i er age

Af te r wres t l i ng w i t h such gu i l t and shame fo r so many years , the boy , now an adu l t , comes to be l i eve , qu i t e unders tandab ly - and because o f h is deni a l , needs to be l i eve - " I can ' t change anyway because the cond i t i on i s unchangeab le .

Soc ia l a t t i t udes t oward homosexua l i t y w i l l p lay a ro l e in mak ing i t more o r less l i ke l y tha t the man wi l l adop t an "i nbo rn and unchangeab le " pe rspec t i ve , and a t wha t po in t in h is deve lopment .

I t i s obv ious tha t a wide ly sha red and propaga ted worl d v iew tha t norma l i zes homosexua l i t y w i l l inc rease the l i ke l i hood o f h is adop t ing such be l i e f s , and a t an ea r l i er age What The B ib le Says Abou t Homosexua l i t y?

Le t ' s take a look a t how God v iews homosexua l i t y . As has a l ready been s ta ted , God loves homosexua ls . God does no t , however , l o ve homosexua l i t y . Fo r ins tance , God says , "Do no t l i e wi th a man as one l i es w i th a woman ; tha t i s de tes tab le " (Lev i t i cus 18 :22 ) and " I f a man l i e s w i th a man as one l i es w i th a woman, bo th o f t hem have done wha t i s de tes tab le . They mus t be put to dea th ; t he i r b lood wi l l be on the i r own heads" (Lev i t i cus 20 :13 ) . God 32 v iews homosexua l i t y as "de tes tab le " o r , as in the King James ve rs ion o f the B i b le , "an abomina t i on" . No t i ce a lso t ha t in the Old Tes tamen t , the Mosa ic law requ i r ed tha t peop le who commi t ted homosexua l ac ts were to be pu t to dea th . Of cou rse , no t rue Chr i s t i an today wou ld expec t a homosexua l to be pu t to dea th .

Chr i s t came to f r ee us f rom our bondage under the l aw. However , anyone who t r i es t o asse r t tha t homosexua l i t y i s no t opposed to God 's w i l l , o r t ha t homosexua l i t y is okay wi th God , mus t go t h rough some seve re sc r ip tu ra l con tor t i ons to t r y to prove the i r po in t .

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Some may say tha t God on ly v iewed homosexua l i t y as a s in in the Old Tes tamen t , but because o f Chr i s t ' s sac r i f i ce , i t i s okay today .

Aga in , sc r ip tu re has to be tw is ted in o rde r to come up wi th th is unders tand ing . Romans chap te r one makes i t c lea r tha t homosexua l i t y i s s t i l l de tes tab le t o God : "Because o f th i s , God gave them ove r to shamefu l lus t s . Even the i r women exchanged na tu r a l re la t i ons fo r unna tu ra l ones . In the same way the men a lso abandoned na tu ra l re la t i ons wi th women and were in f l amed wi th lus t fo r one ano the r . Men commi t ted i ndecen t ac ts w i th o the r men , and rece ived in themse lves the due pena l t y f o r the i r pe rve rs i on" (Romans 1 :26 -27) . No t i ce tha t these verses equa te homosexua l i t y w i th "shamefu l lus t s " , "unna tu ra l [ re la t i ons ] " , " indecen t ac ts " , and "pe rve r s ion " . Some argue t ha t the ve rses p reced ing these say t ha t the peop le were g i ven ove r to homosexua l i t y because they d id no t worsh ip God , bu t t ha t homosexua l i t y i s okay fo r those who worsh ip God. However , i f you read the ve rses as s ta ted , it is c lea r tha t homosexua l i t y i s no t on ly a resu l t o f worsh ip ing the c rea t ion ra the r t han worsh ip ing God , bu t i t i s in i t s own sense worsh i pp ing the c rea t ion ra the r t han worsh ipp ing God .

Homosexua l i t y i s a sexua l s in , and can the re fo re be cons ide red sexua l immora l i t y . Pau l wr i t es , " I have wr i t t en to you in my le t te r no t t o assoc ia te w i th sexua l l y immora l peop le - no t a t a l l mean ing the peop le o f th i s worl d who are immora l , o r the g reedy and swind le rs , o r i do la te rs . In tha t case you wou ld have to leave th i s wor ld . Bu t now I am wr i t i ng you tha t you mus t no t assoc i a te w i th anyone who ca l l s h imse l f a bro the r bu t i s sexua l l y immora l o r greedy , an ido la te r or a s lande re r , a drunka rd o r a sw ind le r . W i th such a man do no t even eat . What bus iness i s i t o f m ine to j udge those ou ts ide the chu rch? Are you no t to judge t hose ins ide? God wi l l judge those ou ts ide . 'Expe l the wicked man f rom among you ' " (1 Cor i n th ians 5 :9 - 13 ) .

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Chr i s t i an i t y and Homosexua l i t y The homosexua ls and lesb ians have ga ined cons ide rab le po l i t i ca l and soc ia l momentum in Amer i ca . They have "come ou t " as t he te rm goes , le f t t he i r c lose ts , and are knock ing on t he doors o f you r homes . Through TV, rad io , newspapers , and magaz ines , they a re p reach ing t he i r doc t r ine o f t o le rance , equa l i t y , jus t i ce , and l o ve .

They do no t wan t to be perce i ved as abnormal o r dangerous . They wan t accep tance and they want you to we lcome them w i t h open , l ov ing arms , app rov ing o f what t hey do .

What shou ld be the Chr i s t i an ' s Response to t he Homosexua l ?

Jus t because someone is a homosexua l does no t mean that we canno t l o ve h im (o r he r ) or p ray fo r h im (or he r ) . Homosexual i t y i s a s in , and l i ke any o the r s in i t needs to be dea l t w i th in the onl y way poss ib le .

I t needs to be la id a t t he c ross and r epen ted o f .

Chr i s t i ans shou ld p ray fo r

the sal va t i on o f

the homosexua l

the

same way they wou ld any o the r per son in s in .

They shou ld t rea t homosexua ls w i th t he same d ign i t y as they wou ld anyone e lse because , l i ke i t o r no t , they a re made in the image o f God . However , t h i s does no t mean tha t Chri s t i ans shou ld approve o f the i r s i n .

No t a t a l l .

Chr i s t i ans shou ld no t compromise thei r w i tness fo r a po l i t i ca l l y co r rec t op in ion tha t i s shaped by gu i l t and f ear .

Ways o f l i v i ng w i th homosexua l i t y 1 . A t the end o f t he preced ing a r t i c l e we s t ressed that the gay "coming ou t " i s no t a un i f orm process fo r a l l sub 35jec t s . Homosexua l o r ien ta t ion i s f requen t l y c louded wi th anx ie t y , compromise and gu i l t tha t i s re la ted

t o neuros i s ; sometimes i t i s kep t hi dden who le l i f e t ime ; o t her t imes i t i s l i ved abso rbs a la rge par t o f l i f e , wh i l e in marg ina l ; las t l y , i t can be consc ious l y o r va r ious fo rms o f act i v i t y .

fo r a long wh i le , even fo r a open ly ; in cer ta in cases i t o the rs i t r ema ins someth ing unconsc iousl y "sub l ima ted" in

At tempts to f i nd l o ve 2 . The homosexua l c ond i t i on i s d i f f i cul t , somet imes t rag i c , and no t on l y because o f t he obs t ac les i t can s t i l l encoun te r i n soc ie t y and the i n jus t i ces o f wh ich i t can be the v i c t im , bu t a l so because o f i t s narc i ss i s t i c qua l i t y . Th is qua l i t y i s exp ressed i n t he con t inua l a t tempts a t " se l f - r ecove ry " and in sear ch ing f o r t he "be t t e r se l f " o r t he "m iss ing se l f " i n ano the r pe rson . The homosexua l app r oach i s rea l l y one o f i den t i f i ca t i on and possess ion I s change poss ib le?

3 . A t t he beg inn ing o f ou r d i scuss ion , I s ta ted tha t t rue homosexua l i t y i s a " cond i t i on o f ex is tence" , a "way - o f -be ing - in - the -worl d " t ha t i s a person ' s l o t . I n t h i s sense we can say t ha t homosexua l i t y i s "na tu ra l " f o r t he pe rson who exper iences i t Conc lud ing remarks 4 . I f the change of sexua l o r i en ta t i on is unsuccess fu l , bo th i n to p romiscu i t y , as a cu re fo r l one l i ness , and repress ion resu l t i ng amb igu i t i es o f behav iou r must be avo ided . I t w i l l poss ib le to f i nd i n con t inence a way to matu r i t y , by pu t t i ng a ve to on deep -sea ted impu lses .

the lapse w i th the a lways be consc ious

Between os t rac i z in g the homosexua l person and suppress ing the l im i t s be tween d ive rse express ions o f sexual i t y , we mus t seek a ba lanced way o f unders tand ing , w i t hou t p re jud i ce o r condemna t ion , but a l so w i thou t con fus ion o r comp l i c i t y .

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h t tp : / / en .w ik iped ia. o rg /w ik i /Homosexual i t y h t tp : / / a r t i c l es . l a t i mes.com/2013 / feb /15 / en te r ta inmen t / l a -e t - mn-v io lence - in wor ld -c inema-20130217

SEX AD AND V IOLENCE IN FOREIGN MOVIES

By Joy N i単a l . D r i z a 37

Mov ie i s a f o rm o f en te r ta inmen t t ha t enac ts a s to ry by sound and a sequence o f images g iv ing the i l l us ion o f con t inuous movement . I t i s a lso a pa r t o f t he med ia tha t pe r fo rms t he f unc t i ons in form ing , educa t ing and en te r t a in ing . The s tudy o f med ia v io lence ana lyzes the degree o f co r re la t i on be tween themes of v i o lence in med ia sou rces par t i cu la r l y i n movi es w i t h rea l -wo r ld agg ress ion and v io l ence ove r t ime . V io lence has been a con ten t o f s ome mov ies tha t p roduce obsess ion

t o many peop le . Peop le seem to be d rawn to v io len t con tent because they an t i c ipa te o the r bene f i t s . The s t rong e f fec t o f med ia v io l ence can esca la te hos t i l e behav io r i n bo th genders . Peop l e who en j oy wa tch ing v io lence on mov ies shou ld be aware to t he poss ib le e f f ec t s . When aud ience abso rbs th e s to ry a poss ib i l i t y o f chang ing the i r pe rcep t ion i n l i f e w i l l be changed . The v io lence in med ia shows the excess i ve k i l l i ngs and too much bod i l y ha rm . Th is f i lm i s t each ing peop le th a t i t i s accep tab le t o b reak r u les o f c i v i l i t y . Peop le i n eve ryday l i f e may f i nd i t s okay to ba t up someone and says bad words . P ro fan i t y i s a subse t o f a language 's l ex i con tha t i s cons ide red by some to be s t r ong ly impo l i t e or o f f ens i ve . I t can show a desec ra t i o n o r debasemen t o f someone o r someth ing , o r show s t rong . Ca r toons con ta ined v io lence tha t mos t l y young ch i l d ren wa tched . Ch i ld ren acqu i re o r adop t t he i r v io lence showed due to unders tand ing tha t i t i s good to s lap o the r and hu r t o ther peop le phys i ca l l y . The wrong do ing tha t may i n f luence aud ience .

Kinds o f V io lence t ha t mos t l y seen on mov ies Mov ie V io lence i s any fo rm o f v io len t ac ts presen t i n f i lms38 . The reasons why v io l ence i s presen t can be as simp le as the theme or to add some suspense o r act i on to an o the rw ise uneven t fu l p i c tu re . F i lm makers use d i f f e ren t t ypes o f v io lence t o fo l l ow the mov ie ‘ s p lo t and tone .

Genres t ha t use th is t ype o f v io lence a r e ac t i on , wa r , c r ime , comedy , and drama. Fo r examp le , v io lence i n comed ies i s o f ten po r t rayed in a way tha t was l ed up to w i t h a comica l sequence

o f even ts o r immed i a te l y f o l l ow ing the v io len t ac t .

Vio lence in a f i lm can be a good th ing and i t can equa l l y be a bad t h ing . V io lence can be g ra tu i t ous – put i n t he f i lm so le l y to shock and t i t i l a te . V io lence can be used to d raw ou t t he go re hounds by go ing excess i ve l y ove r t h e top . V io lence can be used to s i cken and repe l t he v iewer . V io lence can be used in such a way as to make an an t i - v io len t s ta temen t . V io lence can be a l l o f t hese th ings and i f ca r r i ed to the ex t reme, v io lence can become con t rove r s ia l . Phys i ca l do ings l i ke k i l l i ng and murde r ing peop l e Eager f o r o r marked by t he shedd ing o f b lood , ex t reme v iol ence , o r k i l l i ng th i s i nc ludes the use o f guns , sha rp ob jec t s and ob jec t s . L i ke t he mov ies ― F i r s t Bl ood ‖ and ch i l d ren ca r toons Reasons o f a i r i ng and wa tch ing mov ies Peop le seem to be drawn to v io len t cont en t because they an t i c ipa te o the r bene f i t s .

The s tudy showed t ha t p ro longed exposure to gra tu i t ous l y v io lent f i lms i s can escal a te hos t i l e behav io r i n bo th men and women and inst i ga te such behav io r i n unp rovoked resea rch pa r t i c i pan ts . Peop le who a re f ond o f wa t ch ing th i s k ind o f f i lms a re mos t l y l o ve the th r i l l and the ac t i on tha t w i l l be wa tch to i t .

39t necessa r i l y a t t rac ted to Ear l i e r s tud ies sugges t t ha t peop le a r e no v io lence , bu t seem t o be d rawn to v io l en t con ten t because t hey an t i c ipa te o the r bene f i t s , such as th r i l l and suspense , t he resea rche r s no ted .

The new s tudy f ound t ha t ― such hedon i s t i c p leasu res a re on ly pa r t o f t he s to ry abou t why we w i l l i ng l y expose ou rse l ves to scenes o f b loodshed and agg ress ion , ‖ a cco rd ing to t he researche rs . ― S ome t ypes o f v io l en t po r t raya l s seem to a t t rac t aud iences because t hey p romise to sa t i s f y t ru th -seek ing mot i va t i ons by o f f e r i ng mean ing fu l i ns igh ts i n to some aspec t o f t he human cond i t i on . ‖ ― P e rhaps dep ic t i ons o f v io lence tha t are pe rce i ved as mean ing fu l , mov ing and though t - provok ing can f os ter empa thy w i th v i c t ims , admi ra t i on f o r ac t s o f cou rage and mora l beau ty i n the f ace o f v io le nce , o r se l f re f l ec t i on w i th regard to v io len t impul ses , ‖ sa id Ba r t sch . ― E xamin ing the p reva lence o f such p rosoc ia l responses and the cond i t i ons unde r whi ch t hey occu r o f f e r s a t heo re t i ca l l y i n t r i gu ing and soc ia l l y va luab le di r ec t i on f o r f u r ther wo rk . ‖

The s tudy w i l l be presen ted a t t he upcoming annua l con fe r ence o f t he I n te rna t iona l Commun ica t i on Assoc ia t i o n in London .

Ef fec t s o f mass ive v iew ing Ch i ld ren who a re wat ch ing ca r toons that a re h igh l y con ta i ned o f v io lence can accumu la te o r adap t t he k ind o f v i o lence showed . Th is may a f f ec t t he behav io r i f t he t ime range o f v iewi ng i s be ing p ro longed . To the adu l t s t ha t wa tch t he mov ie tha t con tai ns h i s may no t o r may adap t t he k ind o f behav io r . Th is e f f ec t t o t he behav io r i s f o r t he bo th sex and most l y h igh to the male . Th is may change the pe rcep t ion of aud ience tha t i t i s okay to k i l l and hu r t peop le o r v io la te the ru les i mplemen ted .

The s tudy o f med ia v io lence ana lyzes t he deg ree o f co r re l a t ion be tween t hemes o f v io lence i n med ia sou rces (par t i cu la r l y v ideo games , t e lev i s ion , and movi es ) w i t h rea l -wo r l d agg ress ion and v i o lence ove r t ime . Many soc ia l s c ien t i s t s suppo r t t he co r re la t i on . Howeve r , some scho la rs a rgue tha t med ia resea rch has me thodo log i ca l p rob lems and tha t f i nd ings a re exaggera ted (Fe rguson & Ki l bu rn , 2009 ; F reedman, 2002 ; Pinke r 2002 ; Savage, 2004 ) .

Prev iew a Te lev i s io n Show Watch an ep isode o f t he p rog ram you r c h i ld40wa tches so you can see the con ten t t hey a re wat ch ing and ta l k abou t i t w i t h t hem. Exp la in a l te rna t i ve ways to comba t p rob lems w i t hou t v io lence .

Teach Your Ch i l d t h e D i f f e rence be tween F ic t i on and Rea l i t y Teach you r ch i l d t h a t mov ies and te levi s i on shows a re f i c t i on . Show them t ha t scenes w i th v i o len t ac t s a re exaggera ted fo r en te r tai nmen t purposes . Ta lk about t he show tha t t he ch i l d wa tches , and ask them to c rea te a pos i t i ve way to dea l w i t h t hat s to ry con f l i c t - -wi t hou t t he use o f v io lence . App laud them fo r f i nd ing p leasan t so lu t i ons .

Show by Examp le Make su re tha t t he v io lence shown on t e lev i s ion and mov ies do no t occu r wi th in t he home. Show them tha t t he v i o lence shown on te l ev is ion doesn ' t happen w i th in t he f ami l y c i r c le . I f t h e ch i l d i s aware o f v io len t ac t s i n any f am i l y c i r c l e , ask them how they wou ld f i nd a pos i t i ve way to reso l ve con f l i c t w i t hou t v io lence .

Bann ing Te lev i s ion We can l im i t t he amoun t o f t e lev i s ion a ch i l d wa tches , but we canno t c lose ou r ch i l d ' s eyes f o reve r . Bann ing the ch i l d f rom tel e v i s ion a l toge the r may no t be the bes t cho ice . Teach good judgment . Th i s i s t he bes t way a ch i l d w i l l be ab le t o i n te r pre t wha t i s f i c t i o n o r i napp rop r ia te .

Ref resh and Take a Break f rom Te lev i s i on Reread these t i ps f rom t ime to t ime . Remind you rse l f t ha t t e lev i s ion v io lence has an e f f ec t on the men ta l h ea l th o f eve ryone . Paren ts need a break too .

Get Te lev i s ion and Mov ie Rev iews On l in e Check ou t webs i tes t ha t mon i to r t e lev i s ion shows and mov i es . These webs i tes have up to da te i n fo rma t ion t o he lp you dec ide i f t hese shows wi l l be a g rea t choi ce f o r you r f am i l y .

Trywww. the tvboss .o r g , www.p lugged inon l i ne . com, o r www.usccb .o rg /mov ies .

These a re exce l l en t on l i ne sou rces f o r pa ren ts who wan t t o mon i to r t e lev i s ion and mov i e v iew ing f o r t he i r ch i l d ren .

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Refe rences

h t tp : / /wha tcu l t u re . com/ f i lm /20 -mos t -con t rove rs ia l l y - v io le n t - f i lms eve r -made .php# IhusBMKA1vo3s rRd .99 Pub l i shed by Chery l Mye rs h t tp : / / psychcen t ra l . com/news /2013 /03 /30 /why -do -peop le - l i k e-v io len t mov ies /53211 .h tm l Source : I n te rna t i ona l Commun ica t i on Assoc ia t i on

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Mary Be l le La r rosa as she d i scussed abou t he r t op i c an imal r i gh t s and an ima l v io lence , and Ma . Ca ta l i na Le lang about S t ress and Depress ion on s tuden ts .

Toge the r w i t h t hem i s t he co l l ege counc i l o r Mrs . Po r t i a P. O r l i na du r ing the L inggo ng W ika .