SAS Colloquium Research Proceedings

SAS RESEARCH COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS

2012

Interdisciplinary Approach to Research on Communication, Language, Sciences and Arts Towards Universityhood

Table of Contents proposed researches Communication Technologies used for Community Based Extension by the School of Arts and Science/ Cherie Ann E. Morales and Myra M. Mantal/ p.15 Organizationbal Efficiency of MSC Offices in Consonance with Student Service/ Sheryl M. Mendoza/ p.16 “Commercialization of Coco Sugar in Brgy. Bicas-Bicas, Buenavista, Marinduque/ Carl Ian S. Lagar/ p.17

on-going researches

THE STATUS OF DIFFERENT WATER STATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF MARINDUQUE: AN ASSESSMENT/ Joven M. Morales p.18 EFFECTIVENESS OF PRINT MEDIA AS PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT IN MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE/ TERESITA TUBONGBANUA AND CARL IAN S.LAGAR p.23 The Correlation of Personality Traits to Study Habits/ Sheryl M. Mendoza p. 26 UTILIZATION OF DIOSCOREA OPPOSITA IN MARINDUQUE/ CECILIA S. VILLAMIN p.30

completed researches

Integration of Environmental Education in the Philippine Education Curriculum: Some Suggestions from Environmental Advocates in Marinduque/ Hilarion Elegado and Joven M. Morales p. 33 Konsepto ng Kapwa sa ’71 Diliman Commune: Mga Lebel ng Pakikipagkapwa-tao at Sikolohiyang Pilipino sa Karanasang Diliman Commune/ Randy T. Nobleza p.46

student researches

Breadfruit, Artocarpus Atillis, Technology Development in Marinduque/ Hazel M. Malagotnot; The reading Comprehension Level of the Bachelor of Science in Law Enforcement Second Year Students of Marinduque State College/ Maria Cristina M. cabije; Listening and Video Viewing Performance of Grade III Pupils of Tanza Elementary School/Annielor I. Majaba; Educational Attainment and job Description of the Office Support Staff of Marinduque State College/ John Andro M. Fermin p.55 Sentential Analysis of Feature Articles in Three National Daily Newspaper/ Patrick S. Magbuo; Language Learning Strategies of AB English Third Year Students/ Joann A. Bercilla; Reading Vocabulary COmpetence of BS Entrepreneurship Freshmen Students/ Mary Jane M. Gualberto p.56 Factors Affecting Listening Comprehension of the Freshmen Students in the School of Information and Computing Sciences/ Jennylyn L. Rala; English Fluency of Bachelor of Science in Education Fourth Year Students/ Sarah May M. Semilla; Tracer Study of the AB English Graduates of Marinduque State College AY 2009-2010 to 2011-2012/ Ivy E. Molato; Maningning Cruz Miclat: Her Life and Her Poetry/ Jofel M. Maalindog p.57 Reflected Images of Filipino Women Based on the Selected Short Stories of Estrella D. Alfon and Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo/ Camille Pastrana; Paano Naapektuhan ng Musika ang Emosyon ng mga Mag-aaral ng School of Arts and Sciences/ Deah Rose L. Jalimbawa p.58 Malikhaing Isipan sa Pasulat na Pamamaraan/ Ma. Graciel A. Retardo; Sining sa Pagpinta bilang Paraan ng Pagpapahayag/ Nhonnie Jean N. Mayores p.59 Gawi at Katamaran sa Pag-aaral/ Jean Grace M. Solina and Camille A. Logmao p.60

2012 SAS RESEARCH

2

Foreword

The present undertaking on Research Colloquium is an inspiration for every faculty researcher in the School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) of the Marinduque State College (MSC). While there was never in the timeline of the School when research was given impetus to challenge its faculty to engage in the generation of knowledge, recent development dictates that each and every faculty member must embrace this function if we are to contribute and be counted to the ongoing process of universityhood of the College.

The first SAS Research Colloquium intends to review ongoing, completed and proposed research projects of the School in order to determine attainment of objectives and adherence to the approved program of activities and identify problems met during project implementation and recommend specific courses of action.

The accompanying Book of Abstracts on communication and language research is an attempt to consolidate initiatives on research and development since the School started offering Bachelor of Arts major in English and Communication in 2006. This collection is an offshoot of the preparation for this Colloquium and it is viewed to pave the way not only for enriching the faculty’s reservoir of knowledge but for designing more responsive research programs and projects that would redound to the development of every Marinduqueùo in the province. It contains abstracts of faculty researches and student thesis on the two major fields of specialization, Communication and English, currently offered by the School. Hopefully, this twin endeavour could provide the state of research productivity of the School and serve as a reference for future activities related to research and development particularly on communication and language.

JULIETA L. GO, Ph. D. Dean, School of Arts and Sciences

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 3

MSC President ’s Message

My sincere commendation to the School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) for having this year its Research Colloquium that serves as an avenue of Knowledge discovery and innovations.

This year’s theme “SAS Interdisciplinary Approach to Research on Communication, Sciences and Arts towards Universityhood” notably underscores two important things: one, the willful cooperation of this school, through the leadership of the incumbent Dean, to partake in the effort of pushing the R&D endeavors of the Institution, and two, the belief on the thrust that research performs wonders in uplifting the status of the Marinduque State College as an academic community towards its vision to become a university.

Through the colloquium, SAS has painstakingly braced its arm on the achievement of two great things: research and universityhood – indivisible: indispensable!

To the students, faculty and officials of SAS, my warm greetings and congratulations!

ROMULO H. MALVAR, Ph.D. SUC President II

2012 SAS RESEARCH 4

Message from the VPAA

My warmest felicitations to the officials and members of the School of Arts and Sciences Academic Community as it holds the Research Colloquium this October 24, 2012.

With the theme “Interdisciplinary Approach to Research on Communication, Language, Sciences and Arts TowardsUniversityhood” your school once again commits its resources in fulfilling the other major functions of being a higher education institution -- the Research function along with Instruction, Extension and Production.

Let this be an opportunity for all of you to share the quality researches that your school has in the current academic year. These quality researchers, I hope with be integrated in instruction, be extended to the community as community service programs, and put into income generating projects.

As you embark in doing this, I am very confident; you are supportive of MSC’s vision to be a leading university in the province and in the region where it belongs.

My Congratulations!

LEODEGARIO M. JALOS, Ed. D. Vice-President for Academic Affairs

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 5

Message from the VPAd

In the words of Senator Angara during the budget deliberation on October 11, 2012, he emphasized that the very reason of existence of higher education is the quality of applied research the institution is doing. One of the policy directions of CHEd is anchored on strengthening R and D in the countryside.

MSC in its aim to Universityhood constantly delivering local, regional and international caliber researches for the past years. The College invites everyone (faculty/personnel) to engage in such activity.

The activity of the School of Arts and Sciences under the leadership of Dean Julieta L. Go is laudable. Instituting colloquium with the theme “ SAS Interdisciplinary Approach to Research in Communication, Language, Science and Arts Towards University� is a manifestation of awareness and commitment of the faculty of SAS. This office is grateful and please for your unwavering support to our quest for Universityhood.

Kudos!

HOMER L. MONTEJO, Ed.D. VP for Administration

2012 SAS RESEARCH 6

Message from the VPR&E

It is with great pleasure that I convey my greetings to the School of Arts and Sciences for having a Research Colloquium. This colloquium is indeed very timely and a great opportunity for our school towards Universityhood.

The theme “SAS Interdisciplinary Approach to Research in Communication, Language, Science and Arts Towards University� speaks well of identifying the challenges facing the future of our education in terms of researches. Each day, researches meet practical application in research hubs, and I believe that your school will produce quality research outputs that are responsive to the needs of our school as well as our society.

Researches conducted should be aimed at the common good of the people and should contribute to growth and development of our Institution.

May this research colloquium push and forward the frontiers of knowledge so that in unison we can promote the culture of research, increase linkage, maximize the utilization of research output and attain the goal of research which is quality of life for all!

Again, with all good wishes and more power to you all!

DIOSDADO P. ZULUETA, DPA. Vice-President for Research & Extension, Director, Quality Assurance

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 7

Campus Director ’s Message

With pride, I commend the School of Arts and Sciences for having initiated the Researh Colloquium themed “Interdisciplinary Approach to Research on Communication, Language, Sciences and Arts TowardsUniversityhood”, an opportune time for reaffirming the goal of enriching skills and competence in research in different disciplines.

Truly, the strong arms of your School is a manifestation of your commitment to the College Research and Development in upholding the center of research in pursuing academic task en route to its Universityhood.

My warmest felicitations!

ENGR. NELSON RUFINO M. MONTEJO Campus Director

2012 SAS RESEARCH 8

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SAS 2012 Research Colloquium Proceedings COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 13

Proposed Researches

2012 SAS RESEARCH 14

CommunicationTechnologies used for Community Based Extension by the School ofArts and Sciences Background of the Study The communication transmission is viewed as– sender, message, channel and receiver. But chances are, communication breakdown occur when one or two of the elements of communication have discrepancies. Usually, the element of communication that has discrepancies is the channel (whether media, participatory or information and communication technologies). Since different mediums can be utilized in carrying messages to achieve dynamic communication ensuring a successful transfer of information, it is only just to determine the varieties of mediums used by the School of Arts and Sciences in conducting their extension projects in selected communities.

Statement of the Problem

This paper aims to determine the different communication technologies utilized by the School of Arts and Sciences in their Extension projects.

1.

What specific communication technologies are used by the School of Arts and Sciences in their Extension programs?

2.

In what way do these communication technologies ease the transference of information?

3.

How do these communication technologies improve the conduction of the Extension programs?

Significance of the Study

This research study wants to accentuate the use of various communication technologies in conducting Extension programs. It will be advantageous for the improvement of Extension programs by using different communication technologies that would further improve the transmission of information to the communities covered by the respective programs.

Scope and Limitation

This study seeks to determine the communication technologies that the School of Arts and Sciences utilizes in conducting their Extension program among the Bachelor of Arts in Communication Fourth Year Students and Bachelor of Arts in English Fourth Year Students. This study is limited only on the specific communication technologies used during their Extension programs for the Second Semester in the School Year 2012-2013.

Methodology

This research study aims to determine the communication technologies used by the School of Arts and Sciences in their Extension program among the AB Communication IV and AB English IV students. Survey questionnaires will be utilized to extract data needed for this study.

Proponent’s Profile Morales, Cherie Ann E. Mantal, Myra M. College Lecturer, School of Arts and Sciences Marinduque State College

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 15

Organizationbal Efficiency of MSC Offices in Consonance with Student Services

Introduction

An organization is collection of people working together under a division of labor and a hierarchy of authority to achieve a common goal. Continuously working together under the authority toward a goal implies management. The activities of organized people don’t just happen, but they are managed. Through an organizational diagram that represents the management structure of a company, showing the responsibilities of each department, the relationships of the departments to each other, and the hierarchy of management is a better strategy to equipped clients and customers in the process and standard procedures of organization.

Objectives

1. Conduct organizational assessment of different offices in scope with college standard requirements.

2. Identify problems and feedback from each office that will supply additional information for the college planning and development.

3. Provide critical information needed for making difficult decisions about them.

Methodology

A prepared survey questionnaire will be an important tool to address the need for incredible information and well-grounded decision making. The respondents of the study will be selected randomly from students of Boac Campuses which belongs to School of Arts and Sciences, School of Criminal Justice Education, School of Business and Management, School of Information and Computing Sciences, School of Secondary Teachers Education, School of Engineering and the School of Information Technology.

Proponent’s Profile: SHERYL M. MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Psychology College Lecturer School of Arts and Sciences Marinduque State College

2012 SAS RESEARCH 16

“Commercialization of Coco Sugar in Brgy. Bicas-Bicas, Buenavista, Marinduque”

Background of the study

Coco sugar has been used in the country in making cakes, bread and pastries. It is said to be that coco sugar is healthy and safe for all diabetic people.

While there is no place here in Marinduque that most of the households know how to make Coco sugar, the Brgy. Bicas-Bicas in Buenavista, their products has not find its way to the market. The producers in general claimed that they did not know how to market their products: hence:

Hence, this study intends to gather bench mark information and planning development intervention which SAS could spearhead.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to develop the commercialization of coco sugar in Brgy. Bicas-Bicas, Buenavista, Marinduque. The purpose also of the study is to answer the following question: 1. How many households in Brgy. Bica-Bicas are making coco sugar?

2. What strategies/techniques they used in commercializing their coco sugar?

3. What kind of seminars/ trainings they attended regarding the product commercialization?

4. When the coco sugar started?

5. Where did they learn on how to make coco sugar?

Significance of the study

This research study wants to emphasize how the coco sugar being commercialized by the producers of this product. It would be helpful to the people of Brgy. Bicas-Bicas to know what are the strategies and techniques they can use in commercializing/ promoting their product.

Scope and Limitation

This research is limited to those respondents of Brgy. Bica-Bicas who have a coco sugar production. This study will discuss about the coco sugar commercialization. The research will start from December 2012.

Methodology

This research will be counted to determine the status of commercialization of coco sugar in Brgy. Bicas- Bicas, Buenavista, Marinduque. The descriptive method of research will be used in this study. The respondents will answer the provided questionnaires. After answering the questionnaires the data will be gather to be computed for interpretation.

Proponent’s Profile: CARL IAN SALVACION LAGAR Bachelor of Arts Major in Communication Arts College Lecturer, School of Arts and Sciences Marinduque State College

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 17

On-going Researches 2012 SAS RESEARCH 18

THE THE

STATUS PROVINCE

OF

OF

DIFFERENT WATER STATIONS IN MARINDUQUE: AN ASSESSMENT

INTRODUCTION While water resources are critical to production processes, and workers’ health is critical for increased production and productivity (SIWI, circa 2004), having better water and sanitation is essential in breaking the cycle of poverty since it improves people’s health, strength to work, and ability to go to school (CAWST, 2009).

Access to clean water for drinking is a progressive strategy for economic development specially to island provinces like Marinduque. Safe water for drinking is a prerequisite for a healthy population because an unhealthy person cannot be enterprising or work effectively for livelihood. Many water borne diseases result from drinking unsafe water. These include bacteria responsible for breaking down complex substances and they come from the soil, from decaying materials including human and animal wastes but the most dangerous are the pathog.ens coming mostly from discharges of carriers or sick persons. Aside from these bacteriological impurities are the biological ones like the microscopic and macroscopic plants and animals. Chemical impurities may also be present especially in Marinduque where only about 20 years ago experienced the mining disaster that could have diluted the water table with heavy metals.

Water processing and refilling stations are now available in the province. The sources of the raw water for processing by these stations are either from underground sources or surface water sources. There is no information or data however that are made available to the public that could guarantee a safe drinking water even from these water stations. Hence, this study is initiated to have an idea on the extent of how safe the drinking water being sold in water stations in the province.

Specifically, the study aims: 1.

To describe the different sources of water for drinking in the province 2.

To know the volume of water used by the different water stations.

3.

To find out the prevailing selling price of treated water.

4.

To determine the indicative income level of the different water stations.

5.

To know whether all water stations are regu-

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Description of the Water Sources

The source of water for drinking is an important consideration in putting up a commercial purifying center or is popularly known today as water station in the Philippine Business Sector. While in general, source of water is classified into ground water and surface water, CBMS (circa 2005) reported earlier that the major existing water supply system in the province is the Level III water system – both gravity and pump systems being managed by the municipal governments. The sources of water for treatment in the water stations in Marinduque generally come from surface water sources. This is exemplified by water districts which generally tapped from surface water sources, deep wells and artesian wells considered as minor sources (Table 1).

Water districts are quasi-public corporations formed under the local water district law and considered as administrative units designed to own and operate water supply systems for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes (PD 198).

Domestic water is generally taken from springs and wells and there is no registered water district operating in the province (CBMS, circa 2005).

Another source of water reported by two water station operators is the deep well a simple device that uses the vacuum pump principle in order to extract water from the ground.

This is very popular in Philippine setting especially in the rural areas and used to pump out water below 15 meters from the ground. Water coming from this well is usually used for cooking, washing clothes and dishes, house cleaning, and for taking a bath and sometimes for irrigating annual crops especially vegetables planting in the homeyard.

Still, another source of water reported by one respondent of the study, is an artesian and this is a well that taps into a confined aquifer. Under artesian pressure, water in the well rises above the top of the aquifer, but does not necessarily reach the land surface. A flowing artesian well is one that has been drilled into an aquifer where the pressure within the aquifer forces the ground water to rise above the land surface naturally without using a pump. Flowing artesian wells can flow on an intermittent or continuous basis and originate from aquifers occurring in either unconsolidated materials such as sand and gravels or bedrock, at depths ranging from a few meters to several thousand meters. All flowing wells are artesian, but not all artesian wells are flowing wells (British Collumbia, undated).

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 19

Indicative Water Demand The volume of water used daily for processing differ among the water stations. It is reflected in Table 2 that about 60% of the water station operators process water ranging from 100 to about 300 liters per day. There are however three stations processing water at the level of 900 – 1,000 liters per day. Actually, the volume is an indicator of the demand for water to be processed at water station level in the province. This is affected by the capacity of the processing systems being used by the stations and the aggregate demand of their customers. In other words, the volume is market-driven and that depends upon the flow of their customers.

In Table 3 is the volume of processed water at the water station level and this is indicative of the demand for drinking water by customers. There are 9 of these stations producing treated water at a daily rate of 500 to 1,000 liters. The rest are processing only less than 500 liters per day. Again, the volume produced on a daily basis may have been affected by the capacities of their processing systems . and the volume requirements of their customers

Selling Price at Water Stations Table 4 shows the selling price per liter of treated water. Eight of the water stations has lower price per liter because their customers own the containers and the rest has higher price per liter because they provide containers for their customers.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 20

Indicative Income Level

An indication of the income level of the water station operators is shown in Table 5. A quarter of them generated income from their sales ranging from P60,000 to P70,000 per month. The rest of the operators were selling within the bracket of P9,000 to P50,000 per month. The operators also indicated that they were profiting from their operations, but they did not reveal their gross income more so their actual net profit per month.

Water Analysis

All 12 water stations surveyed have their water analyzed before and after processing. This may imply that all water station operators are aware of the importance of water analysis and their responsibility to their customers.

Water analysis before processing is done to determine the state of contamination while doing the same analysis after processing insures that their product water is already safe for drinking.

As water is an important resource for human survival, it is important to analyze its quality before ingestion.

People need clean water and sanitation to maintain their health and dignity. Having better water and sanitation is essential in breaking the cycle of poverty since it improves people’s health, strength to work, and ability to go to school (CAWST, 2009).

CONCLUSION

The sources of water for treatment in water stations course from either surface or ground water distributed by the municipal water districts in the province. The volume of water consumed by the water stations depends on the flow of customers. The selling price per liter of processed water enables the operations to have a profit are the water stations have their water analyzed before and after processing, implying that all water station operators are aware of the importance of water analysis, and their responsibility to their consumers.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 21

EFFECTIVENESS OF VICE ANNOUNCEMENT

PRINT IN

ABSTRACT This study is an assessment on how aware are the students when it comes to posted print announcements. It has been observed that only few students seem to be aware of the college various activities; thus, this is real scenario that they do not pay attention to these announcements. Students from different school in this college taking Filipino II subject (Pagbasa’t Pagsulat sa Iba’t Ibang Disiplina) are covered in this initial report of the study.

The study revealed that print announcements play a significant role to inform faculty, personnel and students as to the events and activities of the college. Ninety percent of the respondents always read and analyze the meanings and messages of print announcements which emphasize the purpose of having them posted with updated schedule of events, celebrations and activities in the college. As regard the preference of understanding announcements, many of the respondents prefer the print announcements, for they could easily understand their messages, than the oral ones.

INTRODUCTION

Print announcements are documents or publications (Webster). Marinduque State College a higher institution in the province displays print announcements outside and inside the school premises. These announcements are posted in conspicuous places to facilitate actions and decisions as to the policies and activities of those concerned; moreover, these also serve as inspirations and to boost their morale as well.

Announcements are becoming popular displays commonly posted in bulletin boards, in walls and in other strategic locations nearby the school. Most of them are general public service announcements (PSA’s) for incoming activities, events, celebrations or new services and products.

The findings of Decrop (2007) showed that picture and text are the prevailing elements, while logos and headlines are of marginal importance. Pictures are especially effective in attracting the consumers and arousing behavioral intentions, whereas text is the most powerful in conveying information. Essentially, PSA’s and warning labels, according to Rucker and Petty (2006) are persuasive communications designed to alert consumers to risks associated with using a particular product or substance or engaging in a particular behavior. These are messages designed to change people’s specific beliefs (e.g., safe or unsafe) or more global attitudes (e.g., good or bad).

MEDIA AS MARINDUQUE

PUBLIC SERSTATE COLLEGE

While these PSA’s are fast becoming part of educational institutions; they entail not only costs but time in preparation. Many of these PSA’s are prepared by the faculty, students and or the administration. Thus, it is imperatively necessary to make an assessment of their effectiveness, to determine the costs involved and to appraise the learning of the students.

It has been observed that only few students are aware of various activities in the college. This is the real scenario that they do not pay attention to these announcements. However, reading habit could be developed even these announcements could be read unintentionally but somehow awareness is already manifested.

Lastly, students’ meetings could be minimized which lead to suspension of classes that could hinder students’ interest to learn.

To sustain the reasons mentioned, the proponents initiated to know the effectiveness of print media as Public Service announcement in the whole college.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of print media as public service announcement in MSC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study would be beneficial to the students to determine the effectiveness of print media as public service announcement and realize that these announcements are not just merely intended for display but rather convey messages and information.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS This study was conducted at Marinduque State College during the Second Semester of 2011-2012wherein students from six (8) different schools, namely: SSTEd, SAS, SICS, SIT, SAM, SCJE, SBM and SEng are the respondents.

METHODOLOGY Description of the Population and Sampling The study used descriptive survey which involves the use of questionnaire and personal interviews to students of eight (8) different schools at Boac campus with a total of fifty (50) respondents.

Students of Arts and Sciences taking Filipino II ( Pagbasa’t Pagsulat sa Iba’t Ibang Disiplina) a subject offered during the second semester of every academic year are covered in this initial report of the study.

The researcher prepared a set of questionnaire and trained the students on how to gather data following random sampling technique in choosing the respondents from eight (8) schools at Boac Campus.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 22

The table shows the courses of the respondents, 13 (26%) are from SIT; 10 (20%) from SEng, 7 (14%), from SICS, 5 (10 %) from SAS; 5 (10%) from SAM; 4 (8%) from SCJE; and there are 3 (6%) from SSTEd; and 3 (6%) from SBM.

The table shows the year levels of the respondents. Most of them are from 1st year with the total of 26 (52%); 16 (32%), 2nd year level; 7, (14%) 3rd year level; and 1 (2%) 4th year level.

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2012 SAS RESEARCH 24

SUMMARY AND FINDINGS

The study confirms that print announcements play a significant role as public service announcements in the learning of students. Almost ninety percent (90%) of the repondents always read print announcements and analyzed their meanings and message to these announcements. It also emphasizes the purpose of posting them that they are always updated on the events, celebrations and activities in the college. When it comes to the preferences of making announcements, many of the respondents prefer print announcements than oral ones, because they could easily understand their messages.

CONCLUSION 1.

Many students read print announcements because they know that they play a vital role in delivering message to the faculty, personnel and students.

2.

Print announcements are preferred than oral announcements given by college officials after flag raising ceremony.

3.

Print announcements are necessary to convey messages and information.

4.

Some students not fond of reading announcements were encouraged by their classmates and friends to do so.

RECOMMENDATION 1.

Faculty and students may make a follow-up study which is similar to this kind.

2.

Everyone may be aware of the events, celebrations, and activities of the college through reading posted print announcements.

3.

Print announcements may be posted a week before an event or any activity.

4.

Quiz-bee may be organized in each school to measure the awareness of the students as to the events and activities of the college.

LITERATURE CITED Decrop, A.2207, Influence of message format on the Effectiveness of Print Advertisement. 26 (4), pp.505-527 Derek D. Rechard E. 2006 – Increasing the Effectiveness of Communications to Consumers: Recommendations Based on Elaboration Likelihood and Attitude Certainty Perspectives. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing Vol. 25(1), pp.39-53.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 25

The

Correlation

of

Personality

Traits

to

Study

Habits

ABSTRACT Amidst the cruel environment nowadays, people look for counseling and guidance.

Guidance is also education since there is a process of change that happens to an individual especially when he faces crisis. The relationship between students and Para-counselor makes the heart of guidance process.

Before one can make the process of change in an individual, the development of his personality has to be considered. The proponents would like to investigate the possible relationship of personality traits to study habits of the First Year students in the School of Arts and Sciences Academic Year 2011-2012. A Descriptive method of research was used with questionnaire survey and interview to validate the respondents’ answer. The nominal method in statistics showed the findings of the study. The AB English students are cooperative; accept mistakes; dress well, and well groomed. For the AB Communication students, they are identified as: friendly, cooperative and also dress well. On the study habits survey, the respondents admitted that they do not study their lessons everyday or even during vacant period.

Terms Used: personality traits, study habits, guidance and counseling, informal observation, interview, nominal measurement, correlation INTRODUCTION:

A person who is faced with a problem is emotionally disturbed; thus, this condition affects his personality. The things a person does and the words he says could characterize his personality. Therefore, the relation to one’s work, health and continuing struggle in life demands that one has a thorough knowledge of himself. With this, personality plays an important role in every individual’s achievement. Each has a unique and different characteristics which tend to achieve what one wants and recognize others for outstanding behaviors they possess. Just like a student motivated by someone to accomplish one’s task especially in studying lessons. A person’s characteristics influence his cognitions in the process of thoughts, motivations and behaviors in various situations. It is said that a learner earning higher grades has effective study habits and proves that he has a better performance academically and socially.

Practicing study habits helps students achieve their goal in a desired manner. The way they motivate themselves to study harder make them more disciplined and confident. However, many studies found out that there are several factors that affect one’s personality toward cognitive learning.

At this point, the researchers would like to carry on the ultimate aim of education which sought to resolve the following; Objectives: 1.

To determine individual traits and abilities of the students.

2.

To compare traits based on the general characteristics of each group.

3.

To investigate several factors that relate to students study habits.

4.

To design an effective guidance program based on the various needs and problems.

Methodology

The descriptive method was used to determine the students’ personality traits in relations to study habits. The respondents of the study were First Year Students of School of Arts and Sciences that include 44 students from A.B. English and 75 students from A.B. Communication enrolled in AY 2011-2012.

A letter of request from the office of the Dean of School of Arts and Sciences was secured and coordinated with the subject teachers for the test administration. To determine the objective of the studies, a self-made questionnaire consists of different items was used to identify the respondent’s personal data, health data, family background, personality traits and a study habit survey. The student- respondents simply marked the appropriate answers based on their thinking. Answers were then gathered, tallied and subjected to statistical analysis. A follow-up interview was also done to validate the answers from the questionnaire.

The data was tabulated using the following operation. % = f x 100

N

Where:

% = percentage

f = sample size

N = total population (total number of students)

100 = constant value to determine the computed percentage

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2012 SAS RESEARCH 28

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation From Holistic point of view, the whole is different from the sum of its parts. The whole consist of parts in relationships and is dependent on the organization or stimuli (Koffka, Wertheimer). That is why, every trait physical or psychological is the result of interplay of both heredity and environmental influences (Kahayon & Aquino).

Out of 119 respondents of the study, the respondents were classified as population, in terms of gender, school graduated, classes of family, health data, personality traits and health survey. Through, interview and nominal measurement the data was tabulated and analyzed.

The research findings, shows that majority of respondents are from AB English, most are female, graduated from public schools, with parents are living together, with normal vision and right handed in their modes of writing. It is also determined that traits such as dress well, cooperative, has intellectual alertness, friendly, well groomed, has sense of humor and dependable are best traits of AB English. However, it was noted that there is a less traits towards self-control of the said respondents. On the other hand, majority of the AB Communication respondents are noted with positive traits towards dress well, has ability to accept mistakes, friendly, cooperative and has sense of humor. There two less traits noted the AB Communication students which are less on intellectual alertness and has less quality leadership and cannot easily expressed ideas. Also on study habits survey majority of respondents, answered that they do not read lessons everyday or not even make assignments and lesson during vacant period. The researcher therefore, concludes that the mentioned traits are correlated with the study habits. The following recommendations are put forward; 1.

School Administration like a subject coordinators may be guided in formulating a modified educational policies, a curriculum strategies toward an effective delivery of learning.

2.

The teachers will understand better the learning capacity of their students. As such, with this they could develop more effective teaching strategies based on their subject matter.

3.

The Guidance and Counseling Center will provide a more focused and factual knowledge on students study habits and will hope to help the Para-counselors towards development and implementation of more effective programs.

LITERATURE CITED: Kahayon, Aquino. General Psychology.Fourth Edition.National Boostore. Page 236-237 Gaerlan, Limpingco. General Psychology. Ken Incorporated. Page 13,15, 74,142 Davidoff.Introduction to Psychology.Third Edition.United States of America.Libary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Page 21, 443-452 Padolina. Sanchez. Counseling and Psychotheraphy:Theories, Techniques and Applications.Rex Bookstore.

Page 13,14,15, 25

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 29

UTILIZATION

OF

PAKET/PAKIT

ABSTRACT

Chinese yam or Japanese Mountain yam is the common name of Dioscorea Opposita Considered vegetable, both Japanese and Chinese use them to add texture to stews, soup and casserols. The Chinese use the yam in traditional medicine while the Japanese consider the natural Viagra of the East. Of all the different kinds of edible yam, only nagaimo can be eaten raw.

This tuber is widely used in other countries but it seems unfamiliar with Filipinos, majority of Marinduquenos in particular, are not aware of this despite its availability in the province.

Many studies about the yam (“ulabi”, is in Gasan) obtain able in the internet by the foreign authors while the Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center has information for the purple yam (ube) and lesser yam (tugui) only.

Due to the lack of information about the tuber, a study on how it is planted, harvested and prepared for consumption by Marinduquenos is the aim of this proposal.

To be able to collect original data, interview method will be used. Places where the yam grows will also be visited.

Background:

Yams are staple tuber vegetables in Africa, Asia and Latin America. There are several hundreds of Dioscorea but only some are of commercial value, namely, D. rotundata(white guinea), D. alata (ube), D. bulbifera (aerial), D. opposite (Chinese), D. esculenta(tugi) and D. dumenterum (trifoliate). (nutrition-and-you.com)

Marinduqueños are familiar with D. alata, D. esculenta and even with D. hispada(nami) but not with the tuber called paket or pakit that grows wild in some areas of the province. Sold in the town proper of Gasan as raw or cooked “ulabi” by one or two ambulant vendors, the goods are not as much appreciated as “ube”, “camote” and “balinghoy”.

/ULABI

IN

MARINDUQUE

A Japanese national who resides in Gasan was surprised to find out that the tuber is available in Marinduque. He grated the tuber into the sticky slimy substance called tororo and mixed it with eggs and cooked red beans. He said nagaimo or yamaimo, is expensive in Japan. The Umamimart blog said, “In the world of yams, nagaimo is the exception to the rule. Not because it’s the natural Viagra of the east, but because it is the only known yam that can be eaten raw”. Nagaimo has hardly any calories, while simultaneously lowering blood pressure and cholesterol. It’s also full of potassium and fiber and ideal for the diet of a diabetic, according to the blog..

The common name of nagaimo is Japanese mountain yam with scientific name of dioscorea opposita. However, from William Brown’s Minor Product of Philippine Forests (1921), paket or pakit has the scientific name of dioscorea luzonensis . Paket is said to be found only in the Philippines.

(United States Department of Agriculture). Ilocanos call dioscorea luzonensis as camangeg.(Pascua,et.

Al). Pablicos stated that camangeg tubers have been found to be highly nutritious being rich in carbohydrates, protein and vitamins. He also mentioned that the tubers are known as a good source of high quality flour needed in pharmaceutics.

If paket was mistaken for the japanese yam nagaimo by the said Japanese national then the nature and classification of paket needs further verification and confirmation. Thus, study will be limited only in finding out how Marinduqueños utilize the tuber and to locate the places in the province where it is said to be growing abundantly.

Objectives: 1.

Determine the level of awareness and utilization of paket in selected areas of the province.

2.

Provide base data on its description and habitat in Marinduque.

3.

Develop products from the tuber that can compete globally.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 30

Scope and limitation:

The study will be conducted in selected areas of Boac, Gasan and Buenavista where the tuber is said to be growing wild and abundantly.

Methodology:

This study will be made up of three parts.

The aim of the first part is to find out the level of Marinduqueños’ awareness and utilization of the yam regarding its consumption and cultivation. To gather original data, the interview method will be employed.

Together with Basic Statistics students who will be trained to conduct interview, places where the tubers are growing “abundantly” will be visited and documented during the second semester of the current school year.

The second part depends on the data collected.

If the level of awareness/ utilization is low, the BA Communications students will be requested to help study how its benefits will be promoted throughout the province. If high, coordination with the Schools of Agriculture and Industrial Technology-Food Technology will be made to make studies on its nutritional value, cultivation and preparation as food stuff.

References: Brown, William H. 1921. Minor Products of Philippine Forests. Bureau of Printing, Manila Pablicos, Sosimo Ma. Ilocos Yam Excellent for Making Haleya.

http://sundaypunch.prepys.com/archives/category/opinion/harvest-time/ Pascua, M.; Antonio, M.; Bucao, D.; Agustin, E.; Pablico, S.; Gabriel, M.; Vanishing plant species in Ilocos Norte [Philippines] as perceived by old folks: documentation and collection. Malab, B. (Mariano Marcos State Univ., Batac, Ilocos Norte (Philippines)). PCARRD Highlights 2002 (2003) . AGRIS website.

United States Department of Agriculture. Tropical Yams and Their Potential. Part 6. Minor Cultivated Dioscorea Species. Agriculture Handbook No. 538.

Prepared by Science and Education Administration. www. nutrition-and-you.com yoko.Japanify: Nagaimo March 1, 2012 . Umamimart Blog

The third part will be focused on product development. A study on its acceptability as bread component mixed with coco flour, araro flour or rimas flour will be looked into.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 31

Completed Researches 2012 SAS RESEARCH 32

Integration of Environmental Education in the Some Suggestions from Environmental ABSTRACT

The study is an attempt to solicit suggestions from the environmental advocates in the integration of Environmental Education in the Philippine education curriculum. A descriptive-survey method was used involving the description of the suggestions of advocates who seemed to discourage the treatment of environmental education as a separate subject. They tend to favour it as an approach and teach it as part not only in science but also in social, cultural and economics subjects. They have considered that Environmental Education is a long term process that commences at the primary school level to university to post graduate level, and throughout the humans educational undertakings.

INTRODUCTION Environmental education through environment, about environment, and for the environment, both a style and a subject matter of education. It is the process of recognizing values and classifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the interrelation among man and his bio-physical surroundings. Environmental education also entails practice in decision makings and self-formulating, a code of behavior about issues concerning environmental quality. (Rao and Reddy-1997).

The introduction of environmental education in the Philippine secondary and tertiary curriculum but not in primary, as separate subject draws attention from different sectors from environmental film makers, to environmental advocates. This alternative accordingly provides for a definite shape and structure but it is deprived of its holistic character. This is so because it is not introduced in the curriculum as part of Science, Social Studies, Language and other subjects. It is a separate subject.

Rao and Reddy (1997), stated that the approach of teaching environmental education as incorporated in other subjects as mentioned, is no doubt very lofty and laudable but it does not provide environmental education that structure which requires for sequential development of knowledge and for meeting the needs of an effective curriculum.

Philippine Education Advocates in

Curriculum: Marinduque

In other words, the objectives and contents should be keeping in view the developmental needs of the children and students, and the welfare of the society. The developmental needs of the children in environmental education have been discussed lengthily by many educators in the primary, elementary and high schools including the tertiary educations. However, no particular explanations and recommendations as to what model must be adopted has been established except in tertiary education and in some high schools which is adopting the scheme as a separate subject.

Republic Act 9003, Section 56 states that in matters related to environmental education in the formal and non-formal sectors, the national government, through the DECS and in the coordination with concerned government agencies, NGOs and private institutions, shall strengthen the integration of environmental concerns in school curricula at all levels, with particular emphasis on the theory and practice of waste management principles like waste minimization, specifically resource conservation and recovery, segregation at source, reduction, recycling, re-use, and composting in order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry.

Beginning March 2009, the DENR spearheaded convening of the Inter-Agency Steering Committee on Environmental Education with member institutions, including the Philippine Information Agency, National Economic and Development Authority, Philippine Association OF Tertiary Level Education Institutions in Environmental protection and Management (PATLEPAM), Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities, Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines, Local Government Units, Philippine Business for the Environment, Civil Society Counterpart Council in Sustainable Development, and the Philippine Federation for Environmental Concerns Beginning 2010, The EMB Regional Offices started convening the Regional Inter-Agency Committees on Environmental Education, to follow through the regional implementation of R.A. 9512.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 33

Viewed in these perspectives, it would appear that the integration of the environmental education in the Philippine education curriculum in all levels is far more difficult than incorporating history and literature. One group which is very active pursuing environmental education in the Philippines is the Environmental Advocates. They are the one voicing out loud, without hesitation, their deep concern for the environment whenever something not good is done. They propose on what to do and what not to do with the environment to the extent of confronting those in authority.

It is in this context that the authors would like to solicit their suggestions and concerns about the integration of the environmental education in the Philippine education curriculum. They would certainly raise the educators’ consciousness about this concern. Certainly, they will give suggestions that will help educators think about the long term effect of the contents of the curriculum to the environmental awareness and conservation.

Statement of the problem This study is an attempt to solicit suggestions from the Environmental Advocates in the integration of Environmental Education in the Philippine Education Curriculum.

Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following specific objectives: 1. To know the personal, educational and professional background of the environmental advocates.; 2. To know their present stand about the integration of the Environmental Education in the Philippine Education Curriculum; 3. To know the advocates’ of alternatives in the integration process; 4. To know their views on how their suggestions will awaken the sleeping thought of educators with regards to the integration; 5. To know their expected outcomes of the suggestions made on the integration.

Significance of the Study

1. The study will hopefully open the mind and heart of the educators, private or public with regard to the present system of offering courses related to Environmental Education.

2. The study will help the teachers of environmental education decide in undergoing training on environmental concerns.

3. The study will make students from primary to tertiary aware of the value of caring for the environment by proper schooling.

4. The study will open the minds and hearts of the public officials and the private citizens and be aware of present situation of our abused environment.

METHODOLOGY Design

This study used the descriptive survey method.

This involved the description of the suggestions of environmental advocates in the integration of Environmental Education in the Philippine educational curriculum.

Population and Sample

The respondents of the study are the focal persons of the environment related non-governmental organizations in the province of Marinduque namely, Marinduque Volunteers youth Club (MYVC), Save the Earth Movement (MSC Chapter), Marinduque Action Center for Environmental Concerns (MASEC-BoacBased) and Peace Corps (Buenavista-Based).

This study used the complete enumeration of the focal persons of the abovementioned organizations.

Limitation of the Study

The study is limited to the suggestions from some of the environmental advocates in the province of Marinduque with regards to the integration in the Philippine Education Curriculum of the environmental education.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 34

Instrument

1. Questionnaire - The researches formulated a set of scaled response instrument to gather data needed in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to the members of environment-related organizations in the province of Marinduque.

2. Interview - An interview was also utilized to validate the information by the respondents.

Data Collection Procedure

In gathering data for the study, the following procedures were undertaken: 1. Secured permit form the College in conducting and administering questionnaire; 3. Administered the questionnaire upon making necessary refinement and corrections; 4. Set date/ time for the distribution and collection of answered questionnaire; and 5. Tabulated the data using tools in interpreting the information provided by the respondents.

Data Analysis Procedure

The researchers held the following data analysis procedures: 1. Selected the simple statistics tool.

2. Used percentage to determine the suggestion of the respondents. 3. The respondents were also requested to specify their suggestions aside from the guide indicators. 4. Got the percentage and rank the suggestions on vital importance basis. 5. Analyzed the data.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 35

The average age of the respondent is still young at 41.04. The oldest is 63 while the youngest is 27. Majority of them are male. In terms of educational attainment, 2 or 33% are Ph.D. graduates, 3 or 50% are with Masteral Degree, and only 1 or 17% is with Bachelor’s Degree. All or 100% are connected with different government agencies. In terms of the number of years in their respective organization, 4 or 66% of them are working for over 10 years. The remaining 2 or 34% are working for their respective organization for 7 to 9 years.

In order to meet the challenge of soliciting suggestions on the integration of environmental program in the Philippine Education Curriculum, the environmental Advocates, we have considered in our study are all qualified in terms of exposure to the different environmental problems considering the number of years they have been connected with their organization and their educational qualifications.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 36

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 37

All or 100% of the respondents agreed that the following environmental concepts must be integrated in the elementary curriculum: 1. Soil, water and air pollution, and ways of protecting soil, water and air.

2. Importance of maintaining the beauty of scenic spots.

3. Significance of helping one another to achieve goals in the schools and community particularly programs such as clean and green, waste management, Bantay Kalikasan, Kontra Kalat sa Dagat.

4. Growing of vegetables, composting to protect the environment and as means of livelihood.

On the four remaining concepts, 5 or 83% of the respondents agreed on its integration to the elementary environmental education.

The suggestions mostly preferred by the respondents go with Naq and Vizraya Kumar who emphasized that environmental; educational school stage mostly (75%) on building up awareness, followed by real-life situations (20%) and conservation (5%). In other words, Environmental Education should be an attempt to sensitize the learners about the environment.

In the secondary level, 6 or 100% of the respondents agreed to include; 1. Geography and global phenomena such as global warming, El Nino, etc, and issues relating to the use of technology in ecological problems, and transfer of technology.

2. Coordinate system of indigenous practices and environmentally-sound technologies.

The two prime suggestions of the Advocates agree with Rao and Keddy who stated that at a higher school level meaning at the secondary level, the objective should be to develop more the basic knowledge and skills for teaching and solving environmental problems. Furthermore, it would be more purposeful to involve youth in seeking and finding solutions to environmental problems thus inculcate a positive environmental attitude. This compliments with the suggestions of the respondents.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 38

At ALS Level, two of the concepts were unanimously suggested by the respondents, namely; 1. Acquisition of scientific thinking skills through exposure to and practice of problem solving in different life situations.

2. The Ecosystem Naq and Vizraya Kumar, suggested that for Environmental Education which is focused on any age group, the following ways maybe done through mass media like; 1. Mass media, press, radio, and TV, should develop environmental education professionals.

2. Media personnel should be trained to become proficient in spreading environment consciousness.

3. Traditional techniques appropriate to the conditions of target audience should be developed.

4. Pamphlets, booklets on environment prepared by professionals should prepared.

There are a lot more which mass media can do. In this way, the acquisition of scientific thinking through different skills can be demonstrated on mass media.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 39

At the Tertiary Level-TESDA, there are four concepts suggested by 6 or 100% of respondents, namely: 1. Global Warming and climate change.

2. Basic occupational safety and health.

3. Solid waste management.

4. Environmental Education as one of the dimensions of CWTS-NSTP. Surprisingly, only 4 or 66% of the respondents agreed to include Fabrication and shredder for composting, 1 or 16% disagreed. The one who disagreed explained that composting may be done without the shredder.

In one of the recommendations made by Rao and Reddy, environmental awareness could be developed through discussions of real-world environmental problems like Global Warming and climate change. That skill to identify, analyze and present environmental problems and situations could be imported and that development of packages on environmental topics is feasible. Since TESDA’s main objective is not really learning through classroom instruction but learning through actual situations, then the suggestions made by the respondents on the environmental aspects are very much feasible for the TESDA environmental programs only if it will done as learning through actual experiences and situations.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 40

At the Tertiary or Collegiate Level, 6 or 100% of the respondents agreed to include all the four suggested concepts.

When it comes to environmental laws, Rao and Reddy, and Nag and Vizraya Kumar suggested that it should be taught in Law Colleges not in engineering programs as suggested by the respondents.

With regards to Environmental Sciences or environmental topics, Rao and Reddy suggested that it is best it integrate such topic into the various subject streams. This was also the suggestion of Nag and Vizraya Kumar.

The advocates’ choice of alternatives in the integration process.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 41

On the advocates’ choice of the alternative on how the program will be integrated, the data will show that only 3 or 50% of the respondents agreed on two choices, namely; 1. EE shall be integrated only in the subjects as a special topic.

2. Mandatory environment-related activity must be undertaken at all levels of education.

The other 2 or 33% agreed that EE shall be a separate subject at all levels of education.

The remaining 1 or 16% suggested that a one-summer program in Environmental education shall be included on the curriculum in tertiary level.

Rao and Reddy, Nag and Vizraya Kumar, all agreed that at the university level, it is best to integrate environmental topics into various subjects such as physical, biological and social sciences.

The respondents are not unanimous on the alternatives. This maybe so because according to Rao and Reddy, the objective of the environmental program can be achieved by following either of the two alternatives: 1. By treating environmental education as an approach and teaching it as a part of Science, Social Studies, Languages and other subjects.

2. By treating as a separate subject.

The first is already being done in the elementary and high school, but science high schools are teaching it as a separate subject. At the collegiate level, some courses are treating as a separate subject for one semester; others are treating it as incorporated in chemistry subjects, while other courses are not particularly treating it as part of their program.

With regards to their views on how their suggestions will awaken the sleeping thoughts of educators with regards to the integration, six or 100% of the respondents suggested that these are the ways:

1. Allocation of regular fund for Environmental Education is to be included in the regular budget of the institution.

2. Educational institutions require organization of different clubs in the campus.

3. Develop EE curricula, materials; and resources that are locally relevant and compliment ESD at the local/ community level.

Rao and Reddy are very emphatic in stating the fundamental issues in the process of studying the environment as systems could be related to one or other specific academic discipline. On the other hand, location-specific and comprehensive programs including EE curriculum/ program with environment as a single awakening system are needed to stimulate enlightened decision making and community action. They further stressed that every country or community should develop and implement master plan for Environmental Education. In other words, this plan should lead to the evaluation of an ecological ethos, that is, a change of the present callous attitude of man towards man, nature and society. Only then, educators will be awakened to further lead a common effort to sustainable development.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 42

Finally, as to expected outcomes out of the suggestions made on the integration, 5 or 83% of the respondents looked forward to the;

1. Development of Environmental Education Curricula, materials and resources that are locally relevant and complement Environmental Science development at the local community level.

2. Promotion of research in EE/ESD issues to ensure continuing development in formal education.

Rao and Reddy stated that in the development of EE Curricula, “Process� education and also the education of attitudes and values are included. Moreover, the skills are content independent in the sense that they provide the necessary tools and materials which can be applied to solve any problem, may it be developing or developed country. The considerations discussed so far showed that the only environmental tasks are suitable for EE Curricula.

The emphasis on local resources available in the community is another dimension in the development of an EE Curricula. Of course, it is with emphasis on using low-cost environmental aids on those which are available in the community. Whatever resources it needs, must come, as for possible from the environment including community.

The two authors also have something to say about the studies or research for continuing development in any stage of the program. They said that the program must allow all the students to conduct investigations that take more than a day, or need some time in the evening. The students may also run studies similar to those they have made in their own community, such as soil testing and water testing. These studies should be on continuous basis. It must be stressed at this point that the research is a continuing activity. It does not stop upon giving initial conclusions, rather these conclusions are only stepping stones towards a spiraling endeavor.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 43

SUMMARY, CONCULSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2. What is needed as conceptualized by the This chapter discusses the summary, conclusion and recomrespondents is the appropriate mixture of awaremendation based on the findings gathered by the researchers. ness, exposure to real life, conservation and development programs. At the primary level, SUMMARY environment awareness is most important, but

This study used the descriptive-guided questionnaire development is of little use. As one goes to method in gathering data to accomplished the following obhigher stages of education, environmental awarejectives: ness becomes of less important and other com 1. To know personal, educational and professional ponents to gain increasing importance. Finally, background of the environmental at the tertiary and adult education level, develop advocates. ment is most important aspect of environmental

2. To know respondents stand about the integration of education. This distribution as manifested by the the environmental education in answers of the respondents cannot be final and the Philippine Education Curriculum. will also depend on the philosophy of the pro 3. To know the advocates’ choice of alternatives in gram and other considerations. the integration process.

3. The respondents, no doubt discourage the

4. To know their views on how their suggestions will treatment of environmental education as a sepaawaken the sleeping thought of rate subject. They tend to favor it as an approach educators with regards to the integration. and teach it as a part of other subjects.

5. To know their views on the expected outcomes out However, it does not provide environmental of the suggestions made on the educations that structure which is required for integration. sequential development of knowledge and for

The respondents were the selected personalities from meeting the needs of spiral curriculum. the different environmental advocates’ group. They were

4. Lack of fund regularly allocated for chosen based on their being directly involved in the day to the purpose of financing environmental programs day affair of their group, which allowed them to answer obreally considered one of the awakening factors jectively the questions. to educators. In case of developing countries like

After the respondents finished answering the quesours, it is really a handicap to work with minimal tionnaire, the researchers pinch in some questions to elaboresources. The approach based on local resources rate their comments on some of their explanations to answer in school has additional advantage of not regiven. quiring extra finances. However, this approach

The analysis and interpretation of data showed that maybe slow to spread, less attractive at the first most of their suggestions were connected in some ways to glance but more likely to succeed that the one the ideas given by the authors of some environmental books. which demands for monetary support for equipSome of their suggestions, however, were in contrast to what ment and training of the personnel. said authors opined.

5. Finally, the respondents expected that

The analysis and interpretation of data showed the development of EE curricula, utilizing materifollowing als and resources locally, available and comple 1. The researchers are one in concluding that the menting with the environmental science respondents belong to all age bracket (some are young, some development in the locality. This is so, because it are old), high profile in terms of educational background and is difficult for environmental curricula to succeed experienced in their field. in the ling run if it is heavily dependent on the

3. The respondents, no doubt discourage the re4sources outside of the community or country. treatment of environmental education as a separate subject.

Another outcome they suggested is the They tend to favor it as an approach and teach it as a part of promotion of research on EE/ESD issues to other subjects. ensure continuing development in formal educaHowever, it does not provide environmental educations that tion. This could be done primary to collegiate structure which is required for sequential development of level taking into consideration the availability of knowledge and for meeting the needs of spiral curriculum. materials locally without seeking resources from

outside of the locality.

2012 SAS RESEARCH 44

CONCLUSION

All sectors of the human must contribute to the present dilemma we are presently facing and will continue to be facing if we will not move coherently at once. All sectors must be exposed to some form and measure of environmental education for arousing awareness, sensitivity and perception of environmental programs.

One sector, the environmental advocates suggest that environmental curriculum must be initiated and feely developed in schools because it is in proper and effective education where changes to a better environment must originate.

Environment education is and has to be integral part of all education programs and also shoved became part of social, cultural and economic development education.

That further indicated with their suggestions that environmental education is long terms process beginning at the formal school college and university stages and thereafter through non-formal means throughout adult life.

Lastly, Nature is fascinating. If can bodies the spirit of the creator. But in doing all for the destruction of God’s creating in man’s attempt to make life more and more comfortably he often destroyed forest thoughtlessly, polluted air and water recklessly, despoiled nature ruthlessly, now the time has come when he should be careful. If he does not collect himself and sobers down, he is bound to find himself in an irreversible predicament in ecological catastrophes on this lonely planet of ours.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Environmental action needs as pre-requisite a commitment at the individual level. A clear national policy on environment is thus essential and without this, curriculum development for environmental education would lack direction and purpose.

2. The main hurdle at present appears to be teachers, training in environmental education. Appropriate teacher training programs and materials for their use must be started without delay in order to implement environmental education program in schools.

3. To be meaningful, environmental education must relate to revel-world situations and should be linked to current development plans in the schools, colleges and universities.

4. Lastly, start proper environmental education right there in every home from child’s infancy to adulthood. Education always starts at home.

Literature Cited A. Books

Arms, Karen, Environmental Science, Holt, Rinchart and Wilson, 1120 South Capitol of Texas Highway, Austin, Texas , 200.

Catchillar, Gerry, C., Fundamentals of Environmental Science, National Bookstore, 125 Pioneer Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 2008

Chiras, Daniel, D. Environmental Science (Action for Sustainable Future), Benjamin, Cummings Publishing Company, Redwood City, California, 1994.

Nag, A, Vizraya Kumar, K, Environmental Education and Solid Waste Management, New Age international (P) Limited, Ansari Road, Daryaganji, New Delhi, 2005.

Rao,V.K.,Reddy,RS., Environmental Education, Commonwealth Publishers, Ansari Road, Daryaganji, New Delhi,1997.

B. Documents

Republic Act 9003- An act providing an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes.

Republic Act9512- Act to promote Environmental Awareness and Education and for other purposes, the Environmental Awareness and Education Act.

COLLOQUIUM PROCEEDINGS 45

Konsepto ng Kapwa sa ’71 Diliman Commune: Mga Lebel ng Pakikipagkapwa-tao at Sikolohiyang Pilipino sa Karanasang Diliman Commune DAY 0 — SITWASYON: Pagkatapos ng ikalawang digmaang pandaigdig nang namayagpag ang US bilang pinakamalakas na bansa sa buong mundo, kinakailangang mailugar sa konteksto ang kasaysayan ng aktibismo noong dekada bago maganap ang Diliman Commune. “In the 1950s, academic freedom was the rallying cry of a crop of bourgeois liberal professors from the University of the Philippines. …the cry was based on the premise that the university could exist independent of economic and political reality.”

Kalilipat pa lang ng Diliman ang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas (UP) mula sa Maynila, pero ano ba ang nagbunsod sa mga estudyante na mag-aklas? Ang pinanggagalingan ng lakas estudyante ay ang eksaktong konkretong kondisyon maging sa larangan ng ideolohiya at oryentasyon “Period 50, coming from Mcarthyism, malakas ang nationalist orientation.”

Hindi nalilimitahan ang pagkilos at pagkatuto sa loob ng eskwelahan, kaya naman kaugnay ng mga sunod-sunod na pangayayari sa loob at labas ng bansa, paglipas ng ilang taon lumakas ang kilusang estudyante. Ang paglakas na ito ay naging potensyal na panapat laban sa awtoritaryang pwersa ng Imperyalistang US sa impluwensya nito sa bawat paaralan sa bansa at sa panlipunang kalagayan. Pero sa yugto ng kalagitnaang-60’s na halos kasisismula pa lang ng UP, hindi katakataka na konserbatibo at sobrang relihiyoso ito, sapagkat ang kasaysayan ng pagkatatag ng UP ay para sa layuning suportahan ang status quo.

Ang pagpasok ng mga aktibista o ang radikalisasyon ng kabataang estudyante ay nagsisimula pa lamang din.

Konti pa lang ang sumisigaw noon sa mga pasilyo ng silid aralan. Pero ang aktibismo ng kalagitanaang-60’s sa pandaigdigang kalagayan lalo na sa US ay sadyang malakas na. Bandang huli umabot sa bansa ang namamayagpag na aktibistang inspirasyon kahit yung hippie hipie at blak panter ay umabot din sa bansa.

Buhay na buhay ang aktibismo ng kabataan noon. Dyan sa mga kampus karamihan, sa kampus nangyayari lahat.

I mean sa loob ng campus nagsisismula tapos lalabas. Ilan taon ka na? Kung ang kabarkda mo, umiinom. Paano nakita mo sa tv, umiinom? Ano gagawin mo. May cell phone ka, anong hawak ng lahat?”

Mahalagang tingnang ang pagnanasa ng mga tao na umugnay sa kanyang kapwa, ayon nga sa konsepto ni Enriquez ng shared-inner-selves, ang kapwa mo ay ikaw at ako, ako ay ikaw at ikaw ay ako. Bahagi tayo ng isang malaking komunidad at ang ating relasyon sa kapwa ay isinasagawa natin ito sa pamamagitan ng pakikipagkapwa-tao. Kaya naman hindi mahirap maipaliwanag bakit naghihintay lamang ng akmang panahon ang mga aktibista upang maipakita nito ang lakas laban sa Estado poder.

Kakayanin na gawing posible ang mga ideya at imahinasyon sa tamang pagbasa ng mga sitwasyon at pangyayari. Mas mainam kung mai-uugnay ito sa mga partikular na nararanasan ng mga tao. Sa kaso ng aktibismo sa UP at sitwasyon ng kilusang kabataan, tamang tama ang konkretong kondisyon para mag-alsa. Ang tampok na isyu ng panahong iyon, sa pagpasok ng unang taon ng dekada-70 ay ang pagtaas ng presyo ng langis at pamasahe. Ang kagustuhang makipag-ugnayan sa mga tsuper ang nagdulot ng paglakas ng lakas estudyante.

Ang pakikipagkapwa-tao, ito ang pinagsimulan ng mga pagbabarikada sa labas ng UP upang maipakita ang suporta sa mga tsuper na nagbabalak na magsagawa ng malawakang Transport Strike. Bago pa man ang mismong Commune, nagtayo na ng mga barikada para suportahan at makisimpatya sa mga tsuper ang mga estudyante.

Enero pa lamang ay mayroon nang mga barikada.

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DAY 01 — SIMULA NG MGA BARIKADA “Lunes. Matapos tanggihan ng mga mag-aaral ang pagpasok ng kotse ni Propesor Inocentes Campos bumalik ang huli na may tatlong armas at may suot na bullet-proof vest. Malubhang tinamaan ng baril ni Campos sa noon ang batang batang iskolar na si Pastor Mesina.” Makikita dito ang kategorya ni Enriquez sa pakikipagkapwa tao sa kategoryang ibang-tao. Ang turing ng mga estudyante sa propesor ay ibang-tao, kaya maaari nating sabihing wala itong pakisama.

Gayunpaman, masasabi namang ibang-tao rin ang turing ni Prop. Campos sa mga estudyante. Kilalang anti-estudyante, reaksyonaryo at konserbatibo si Prop. Campos. Kaya hindi siya maaasahang makisimpatya sa tunguhin ng mag estudyante na makipagkapwa-tao sa mga tsuper. Sa mas detalyadong pagkakalahad: At about this time, 12:30pm, while students were running away, Prof. Inocentes Campos, 64, a somewhat “legendary” math professor, drove up and tried to enter the campus. He had earlier attempted top pass through the barricade and when stopped by the students, had gone home and returned half and hour later, this time in an older car. After he refused the activists’ warning not to proceed, a student allegedly lobbed a molotov bomb at his car, blowing its rear tire. Campos got off, wearing a helmet and a bullet vest, and fired successively his shotgun, a .22 caliber rifle and a .22 caliber revolver. The students scampered in several directions for cover. Pastor “Sonny” Mesina a 17-year old freshman, fell down, hit thrice in the forehead.

Sa punto de bista naman ng mga security guard ng UP: “Wala kaming magawa. Pinaputukan ni Campos ang lahat ng lumapit sa kanya. Ang aming maliliit na armas ay walang laban sa kanyang riple.” Mabilis ang mga pangyayari, walang pagpaplano maliban sa pagsasagawa ng barikada upang maipakita ang simpatya at suporta sa mga magwewelgang mga tsuper, walang nakaisip na may mababaril at may mamatay.

Response to the situation was immediate: the crowd immediately went into action. Chairs, tables, blackboards and whatever materials could be gotten down of were efficiently brought down to the street by activists, upsilonians, beta sigmans, sigman rhoans, and the unaffiliated.

Ang partisipasyon ng karaniwang tao na sumang-ayon sa pagkilos mula sa simpleng pakikisama sa hangarin ng mga tsuper na magsagawa ng malawakang Strike, dulot ng sitwasyon, ay humantong sa direktang pakikilahok.

Ang tinutukoy na umpukan ng mga tao ay naging komunidad, kung itutulak pa, naging isang makina ito na umaandar mag-isa na hindi kinakailangan ng operator.

Iba na ang konteksto ng pagbabarikada, mula sa pagsuporta sa pagtalima ng mga tsuper na pumasada, nabaling ang pagbabarikada sa pagbibigay ng proteksyon sa komunidad ng UP. Maging ang silbi ng mga barikada mula sa paggiging konkreto ay naging simboliko: The barricade is not only really a physical obstruction but a symbol of protest. The physical barricade could be and was easily destroyed by police forces. The symbolic barricade is not so easily destroyed as its physical counterpart. It is a sign of dissent and discontents.

Makikita na iba-iba din ang naging reaksyon ng mga estudyante, akademiko, administrador at maging mga residente ng unibersidad: “The residents who complained about the interrogations at the barricades do not see beyond the realm of bourgeois ethics with which they should be accorded by revolutionaries” Mayroon mga pabor, syempre meron din naman hindi: “The barricades, per se for the strike were good. But not when the students started using chairs for barricading, when they ransacked the Chem laboratories for chemicals, when they created anarchy within the university.” Tingnan natin mamaya ang talaban ng anarkiya at anarkismo.

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DAY 3 — LABANAN SA DILIMAN Ito naman ang naging partisipasyon ng mga administrador sa Diliman Commune: SP Lopez tried to summarize the issues: “the militarization of the university, and protests against it closure.”

The students corrected him: the issues, actually, Mr. Rey Vea said, was the price of oil and the dictation of imperialist cartels on the national economy: the integrity of the university was second only.

Pero nang mag-abot ang mga tanaw ng mga administrador at mga estudyante sa lebel ng pakikibagay, sinusububukan ng Presidente na kunin ang panig ng mga estudyante. “Kinausap yung mga student leaders, sinabi yung mga demands. Sabi ni SP Lopez, “You better be more resilient! I’m losing my job!” Sabi ng mga estudyante, “You’re just thinking about your position…we’re losing our lives!”

Hindi lamang sa pagitan ng mga Metrocom, Pulisya at Militar laban sa mga estudyante, akademiko at mga tagaUP ang labanan. Ang tunggalian ay makikita rin maging sa mga interes ng mga estudyante at mga administrador ng UP. Maging ang Dean ng College of Arts and Sciences ay nakilahok sa Diliman Commune subalit pinagbayarn niya ito pagkatapos: Si Cesar Majul, he paid for it, yung bumaba. “If they’re going to attack from there, we’ll have a barricade here.”

Assembly line, walang command, pero may basic script, nakilinya na rin ako. Kelangan may barricade. Sabi ni Majul, “We can’t what would we burn these with, bring those curtains down.” Andyan na, walang gasolina.

Nagrest, retire muna, pinabayaan lahat ng UP… Siningil lahat from his retirement pay.

Matutunghayan naman natin, mula sa administrador, bilang Dean ng Arts and Science, nakisangkot siya sa mga estudyante sa pagbabarikada.

Marami ang hindi desidido noong mga panahong iyon, ilan sa mga estudyante ang sumsangayon subalit walang direktang partisipasyon sa Diliman Commune: “The barricading of UP was justified. I am for it. The only thing I didn’t like was the painting of certain names on the walls of university buildings.” Ito pa ang isang hesitasyon, “the cause of the barricades was good. The result, however was bad.”

Hindi pa palagay ang kanilang loob para umabot sa puntong makiisa sa iba pang mga estudyante upang maging bahagi ng Commune. Gayunpaman, napakakita ng mga estudyante na meron silang kapasidad na pamunuan ang kanilang sarili, napanghawakan nila ang sitwasyon at gumawa ng mga kinakilangan na mga desisyon.

The battle of Diliman, which saw the invasion of two ladies’ dorms and the theft of petty articles by the uniformed goons of the State, resulted not only in the embarrassment of the Quezon City police over their inability to suppress with bullets young kids armed only with a few pillboxes.

“Iyon spontaneous pare, nasa AS lang yung Palma Hall, may ice cream vendor, “gawa na tayo ng molotov nasan ang mga basyo.” Sa baba ng AS, maraming empty bottle ng pop drinks, lahat ng estudyante linya, pasapasa hanggang sa edge ng building yung dalawa dalawa na ang dala, sabi yung nasa kaliwa molotov, yung nasa kanan tubig…” Kung papansinin, wala namang mga lider. At kung meron man, kinakatawan ito ng ligal na Student Council na pinapangunahan nina Ericson Baculinao at Rey Vea. Ang mga estudyante ay isang masa ng mga indibidwal na walang kinikilalang mga lider, kumikilos ayon sa kani-kaniyang mga inisyatiba pero hindi nakahiwalay sa kanilang komunidad at kapwa estudyante.

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DAY 04 – ANG MALAYANG TINIG NG UP Parang dinadaanan ng ipu-ipo ang UP “…the landscape of the UP campus looked a total wreck. The streets and avenues leading to the colleges were cluttered with loose stones, pieces of paper, debris, twigs; in the neighborhood of the residential areas, garbage cans were dragged to the middles of the streets and their contents spilled. The domestic wastes left untouched by dogs who had been frightened by the continuous explosions in the night, looked like human vomit.” Ito ang istura di umano ng anarkiya ayon sa tagapamahayag ng Pamahalaan.

Pagkalipas ng ilang araw napasakamay na ng mga estudyante ang istasyon ng Radyo ng UP, “DZUP fell into the hands of the rebels yesterday afternoon – thanks to the combined efforts of Science and Engineering activists and professors and not to forget, the radio technicians. Malayang Radyo ng Diliman – that’s how it’s called at this moment.” Taliwas sa popular na konsepto ng masamang kahulugan ng anarkiya, ang nabanggit na pag-angkin sa Radyo at pagpapalaya ng komunikasyon ay isa lamang sa mga taktika ng mga anarkista.

Hindi lamang nakalimita sa mga materyal na bagay maaaring palawigin ang pagrereclaim at pagaaproppriate kundi maging sa mga ideya.

Kalaunan ay bumisita ang Blue Ribbon Committee para tingnan ng personal kung ano na ang nangyayari sa UP Diliman, “Sa AS, sa gitna [naglalakad si] Kalaw, maraming papaya, sa batangas [pa galing], mga saging.

“Defend the barricade!” Yun pala dalawang jeep, galeng kina Eva Kalaw pupunta sa midddle part ng stage.

Yung mga jewelry [kumakalansing.] Sigawan ang mga estudyante “Umuwi ka na! H’wag ka nang mag-fashion show! yung hikaw mo, yung mga sapatos mo. Salamat na lang sa papaya! Salamat na lang sa mangga!

Umuwi ka na!”

Ang inabutang pangangantyaw ng Senadora mula sa mga estudyante sa kanyang pagdalaw ay maaaring ikunsidera na direktang aksyon laban sa Awtoridad at pagkukwestyon sa Awtoridad o sinseridad ng mga Pulitiko.

Ang paghawak nga ng Radyo ay isang uri ng pagpapalaya- ang pagtatakda ng gamit sa isang bagay o ideya ng panibagong silbi o function liban sa orihinal na silbi nito.

Nagkaroon ng ibang silbi ang radyo ng UP, bilang anyo ng protesta at mabisang daluyan ng impormasyon.

“Radio Free Diliman as a novel style of protest did one thing: maneuvers behind the barricades became better synchronized. Phone calls from sympathizing residents effectively checkmated every move of plainclothes troopers who roamed the campus. And food poured generously from far-flung areas as a result of direct appeals by the rebel announcers.”

“Ang paghawak ng radyo…ay naging simbolo ng isang malaking pagakakisa. Habang may nagsasalita pa sa DZUP (kahit na paulit-ulit at overacting) ang pag-asa ng mga tao sa loob at labas ay buhay na buhay. Ito rin ay nagsilbing tagapag-ugnay ng mga gawain sa loob. Sa lahat ng ng mga grupo, ang DZUP lamang ang tunay na nagkaroon ng mga depinidong gawain ng bawat miyembro ng grupo.”

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DAY 05 — DEKLARASYON NG KALAYAAN Labas sa opisyal na istorya ng Diliman Commune, ang pagtingin na wala namang naidulot at naibungang maganda ang pagbabarikada ay naging bukang-bibig ng konserbatibong grupo ng mga estudyante at akademiko. Ganito ang kanilang pananaw sa Commune: Dear Editor, Like the rest of the “silent students,” I am in this university for the primordial objective to straight forwardly attend to my studies without compromising my presence to the activists students cannot help but notice that there is actually a struggle of leadership between these conflicting groups, which unfortunately is doing the student government harm and injury.

Samantala…

“Overnight, … the UP press – through its initial issue of the Bandilang Pula – became the liberated word of the militants.” Nakapaglabas ng dalawang isyu ang bandilang Pula, kung ikukumpara sa pag-okupa sa radyo ng UP, maaaring limitado lamang ang sirkulasyon ng dalawang isyu nito. Sa katunayan maging sa archives ng Main Library ay iisa lamang ang kopya ng Bandilang Pula.

Sa perimeter ng anarkistang pamantayan, ang nabanggit sa itaas ay malinaw na halimbawa ng Propaganda by the Deeds. Hindi mo kinakailangan maging propesyunal at mapagtiwala sa mga eksperto, kahit pa may kakulangan sa kaalaman at teknikal na kapasidad, nanaig pa rin ang pangangailangan na makapagpahayag. Ang pagdedeklara ng kalayan ay pagdedeklara ng gera sa Estado at Awtoridad. Mahirap manawagan ng kalayaan nang hindi kumukwestyon sa Awtoridad at sa Estado bilang pinakamalaking manipestasyon nito.

“In spite of the pull-out of the QC police and Metrocom troops, the students continued to hold out. They declared the University campus the “Malayaang Komunidad ng Diliman” (Democratic Diliman Commune), renamed the buildings after homegrown revolutionaries like Commander Dante of the New People’s Army, Jose Ma. Sison, and Victor Corpuz and set-up a “provisional directorate led by Eric Baculinao to run the affairs of the commune.” Akmang pagrereklama ito ng mga gusali bilang mga lugar ng pagpapalaya at hindi ng pagiindoktrina ng katotohanang ideolohikal na normal ang mga sitwasyon kahit hindi.

Sa puntong ito, dito ngayon makikita ang kritikal na isyu. Alam natin na ang pakahulugan ng Anarkismo ay ang kawalan ng lider o amo. Papaano natin bibigyan ng konklusyon na may Anarkistang tendensiya nga ang Diliman Commune kung may nababanggit naman palang mga lider. Una sa lahat, hindi nanganggahulugan ang Anarkismo ng kawalan ng organisasyon kung wala itong naumumuno o lider. Sapagkat sa karaniwang pagintindi, ang esensya ng pagkakaroon ng lider at/o Estado ay integral sa pagsusustina ng hirarkiya, kung wala ito natural lamang na ihalintulad ang Anarksimo sa ideya ng kaguluhan o walang kaayusan. ”The students then organized a government called the Diliman Commune and elected a student directorate to govern the pocket-sized Diliman republic…” Ang mga anarkista ay may konsepto ng organisasyon, pero kakaiba ito sa karaniwang alam natin na ang organisasyon ay Hirarkiyal. Sa konsepto ng anarkistang organisasyon ay may ideya din ng Administrasyon pero ang mandato nito ay hindi galing sa iilan lamang. Mahalaga ang direktang pakikilahok ng bawat isa sa pagdedesisyon, kaya malinaw na naipagkakaiba ng mga anarkista ang silbi ng Administrasyon sa Awtority.

Ang isang halimbawa ng pisikal na realisasyon ng Administrasyon ay ang Councils. Dito ang desisyon ay isinasagawa sa pamamagitan ng konsensus ng bawat isa. Malayo ito sa konsepto ng Democratic Centralism

2012 SAS RESEARCH 50

DAY 06 — BANDILANG PULA “Ang mga mag-aaral ay hindi gagamit ng dahas kung hindi kinakailangan. Ito’y gagamitin lamang upang ipagtanggol ang kanilang sarili at ang kanilang mga demokratikong karapatan na siyang tanging pamamaraan upang magampanan nila ang pangunahing tungkuling ilantad sa taong bayan ang tunay na kalagayan ng bayan.”

Kung hindi mo aalamin na mula sa aktibistang ND ang pahayag na ito, aakalin mong mga anarkista ito na nagpapaliwanag ng mga rason at kawastuhan ng dahas. Pinag-iiba ng mga anarkista ang paggamit ng dahas at Awtoridad. Ang dahas na nanggagaling sa Estado ay awtoritaryan, samantalang ang dahas na nanggagaling sa mga estudyante at malayang indibidwal ay kapangyarihan. Pinagbubukod rin ng mga anarkista ang kapangyarihan sa awtoridad. Ang kapangyarihan ay maaring magamit sa pustibo at negatibong pamamaraan. Samantalang ang awtoritaryanismo ay palagiang mapang-api.

“Ang dahas ay ginagamit ng estado upang supilin ang mga demokratikong karapatan ng mga progresibong mamamayan…sa lipunanag may deretsohang tunggalian ng pwersa ng mga nagsasamanatala at ng mga pinagsasamantalahan, ang estado ay laging instrumento ng mga naghaharing uri.” kung hindi tayo nilusob ng Metrocom, di sana humantong sa ganito ang mga pangyayari rito.

Isang uri ng pagdepensa ang isinagawa ng mga estudyante sa marahas na pakikitungo ng Estado sa mamamayan. Bagamat sa mga huling yugto ng barikada ay unti-unting nababasawasan ang mga estudyanteng nakabantay dito. Pero, kung babalikan natin ang naunang pahayag hinggil sa kabuluhan ng pagbabarikada; totoong madaling mabuwag ang pisikal na barikada ngunit ang iniwang simbolismo ng barikadang ito sa bawat damdamin ay kailanman hindi mabubuwag.

DAY 07 — ANG ULTIMATUM “Ang diliman komyun ay isa lamang “microcosm ng mas malaking kilusan na maaring gawin sa iba’t ibang unibersidad upang magsanay ang mga kabataang aktibista sa pagtatag ng mga propesyunal na organisasyon na kakailanganin sa panahon ng digmaang pang-urban.”

Maaring tama ang analisis na ito sa partikularidad ng panahong iyon, pero ang mga sitwasyon ay nagbabagobago. At kung sa isang panig ka lang makikinig ay natural lamang na magkakatonotono ang lahat ng mga salsaysay.

“Higit sa lahat, ang isang rebolusyunaryo ay napapatnubayan ng isang rebolusyunaryong teorya. Kung may gabay siya sa mga karansan ng ibang bansa, ang mga bagay-bagay na nauukol sa pangakalahatang mga problema.”

Para sa mga anarkista hindi kinakailangan ang teorya, hindi dahil sa hindi ito mahalaga pero sa puntong ang teorya ay may tendensiyang maging dogmatiko. Kaya imbes na tumuon sa teroya, bakit hindi magbigay pansin sa paggamit nito. Ang muling pag-angkin at paggamit ng teorya ang mas mahalaga kaysa mismo sa teorya.

“Ang glaring na diperesnya, mas maraming distractions ang mga aktibista ngayon, sa tingin ko, kung, yung bang sistema na ginawa sa Edsa I, gagawin pa ba sa Edsa 2 ang estratehiya, paano? Natural iba ang sitwasyon ng nauna kaysa sa sumunod na pangyayari kaya hindi eksaktong magtutugma ang aplikasyon sa magkaibang yugto ng panahon.

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DAY 08 — ANG WAKAS “For eight consecutive days – from February 1 to 8 – the state university resembled the jungle-island of William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’: a sordid, horrid picture of a civilized society overrun by anarchy.” Dito natin lilinawin muli ang malaking diperensya sa ideya ng anarkiya at sa pagsasagawa nito.

Meron mga anarkistang nagpapakilalang anarkista. Meron mga anarkistang hindi malay na gumagawa ng mga bagay na mas malapit pa sa anarkismo kaysa sa mga nagsasabing anarkista sila.

“To many, that was how UP looked recently. At the outset, its students, confronted by fully-armed government forces, put up a united front. But later, after the army troopers were withdrawn, they rode high and mighty over the sprawling UP Campus, imposing their own government , splitting the studentry into radicals and moderates. What followed was disorder and confusion, attended by vandalism and violence.”

Ang dahilan ay simple, walang mulat na pag-angkin na anarkista ang pag-aalsang nangyari sa Diliman Commune. Bagamat makikitaan ito ng potensyal na anarkistang tendensiya. Sapagkat sa ayaw natin at sa gusto, ang mga unang yugto ng pagbabarikada ay may bahid ng anarkistang praktika. At anarkismo ang pinakapraktikal na paraan upang pamunuan ang sarili maging maunlad pero susteynabol sa paggamit ng konsepto ng pakikipagkapwa na walang Hirarkiya. Ang paggiging indibiwal ay nasa lebel lamang ng pagakakroon ng sariling inisyatiba, pero naka-ugnay sa lebel ng kapwa. Para sa iba ang ginagawa ng isa. Ang ginagawa ng isa ay para sa iba. Pero lahat tayo ay kapwa.

“Force ruled on the campus. Some got mauled while others were insulted and threatened. Ans Esso employee was found dead from multiple stab wounds near the residents of UP President Lopez. Two women were reportedly raped. Nevertheless, a number of UP residents and students handed together and decided to protest the anarchy in UP. They staged a counter-demonstration. “ Ito ang manipestasyon ng paggiging iba, ang kawalan pakikisama ay nanggagaling sa kawalan ng pang-unawa sa sitwsyon at kawalan ng konsensus. Sa mas malalim na lebel, ideolohikal ang problema, ang tendensiyang tumingin sa mga partikualaridad na magpapalakas lalo sa pagkiling laban sa realidad ang nagmimintina ng awtoridad. “to the so-called conservative citizens, on the faculty and among non-academic personnel and campus residents, the barricades represented nothing else but anarchy, breakdown of orthodox law and order, defiance of duly constituted authority – even the start of the feared revolution.”

Ang konseptong kalakip ng sinasabing anarkiya ay may bahid ng katotohan subalit, hindi masasabing ito ang kabuuang larawan nito. Hindi maaring pagtakpan ang mga kapalpakan at dapat tingnan na napakagandang pangyayari ang Diliman Commune. Ang pagsasabi ng ganoon ay nangangahulugan ng paggapi mismo sa dinamismong narating ng Commune.

“All in all there were 11 known casualties during the eight-day “coccupation, including one student dead, four other students, one employee, and five UP secuirty guards wounded. Loss and damage in property and equipment was estimated at P94,820.63, with the arts and science building as the most badly hit.”

END ———

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THE REVOLUTIONARY MOMENTS OF DILIMAN COMMUNE: -UPSC commend the revolutionary courage of the heroic defenders of the diliman commune against the fascist state and its campus collaborators: - freshman scholar pastor r. mesina jr. (posthumously) for unflinchingly raising high the people’s defiant barricade against exploitation and oppression; - danilo delfin, glen garcuia, reynaldo bello and the scores of others who were wounded as they fearlessly clashed with the state’s fascist brutes; - the revolutionary fighters of narra, molave, yakal, and ipil for their persevering vigilance in manning the barricades; - the liberated women of kamia, sampaguita, ilang-ilang, makibaka and SKUP for their frontline resistance and their diligent performance of auxiliary tasks; - the dauntless campus residents, notably those from Balara and Krus na Lugas, who organized commando strike forces against assorted infiltrators; - the audacious freshman for their remarkable play of fraternal concern and unity with the struggling pilpino mass; - the progressive faculty members, especially those with the samahan ng mg aguro sa pamantasan ng makabayang siyentipiko (SMS) for their selfless contribution of intellectual and technical skills which proved invaluable in the political, - the committed student journalists from imc and their comrades from psia for handling the controls of the dzup as the free radio of the democratic commune of diliman; - the militant writers who published bandilang pula and other publications for projecting the democratic democratic aspirations of the diliman commune; - the medicine, nursing, hygiene and SAMO students who demonstrated their partisanship with the filipino masses but rendering first aid and medical assistance to the beleaguered communards; - the progressive non-academic workers in the university who forged stronger links with the studentry and the peasantry in vallantly aiding the defense of the diliman commune; - the mass of heretofore unorganized but politicalized and disciplined students who formed the AS rooftop junta and manned other strategic defense outposts; - the samahan ng mga makabayahang mag-aaral ng batas (SMMB) and other progressive lawyers for their valuable legal aid and - all others who actively participated in the establishment of the diliman commune as a symbol of the filipino people’s unrelenting struggle against us imperialism, domestic feudalism, bureaucrata-capitalism as well as their firm determination to build a national democratic society on the debris of the past.

DILIMAN COMMUNE GRAFITTIS: A PILLBOX IN THE HANDS OF THE MASSES IS AN ATOM BOMB! THE UNIVERSITY IS CLOSED TO THE FASCIST, BUT OPEN TO THE STUDENTS. LONG LIVE THE DILIMAN COMMUNE! RAISE A THOUSAND BARRICADES AGAINST IMPERIALIST EXPLOITATION AND INTRUSION! SMASH THE IMPERIALIST ECONOMIC-POLITICAL-CULTURAL BARRICADE AGISNT THE FILIPINO MASSES!

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