2022 Spotlight on Research by Schulich School of Business

12 TH EDITION

SPOTLIGHT ON

RESEARCH Schulich School of Business I 2020 & 2021

Innovative Scholars. Leading Research. Thought Leadership. Re-Imagining Healthcare in a PostPandemic World

The Dawn of At the Forefront the Fintech Era of Innovative Supply Chain Management

Sustainability The Future Gender Equality in the Spotlight of Marketing and Diversity in the Workplace

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 a

The researchers at the Schulich School of Business are consistently developing new insights for both emerging and salient fields of businesses. Our faculty members continue to demonstrate leadership in various areas of management research and have increased international visibility and relevance to audiences within and outside academia.

Contents 3

Dean’s Message

Welcome Message

FEATURES 8

Re-Imagining Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic World

The Dawn of the Fintech Era

At the Forefront of Innovative Supply Chain Management

Sustainability in the Spotlight

Schulich Leads the Future of Marketing

A Deep-Dive on Schulich Research Regarding Gender Equality and Diversity in the Workplace

FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS 44

Schulich Researchers Among World’s Most Cited

Schulich Professor Earns Best Industry Studies Paper Honour

Schulich Professor’s Research Wins European Finance Association Award

Visionary Supply Chain Paper Recognized by Decision Sciences Journal

A Schulich Professor Goes to Hollywood

Mainstreaming History in Management Research: A Dialogue

Schulich Professor Wins Best Book Award

FACULTY NEWS 58

New Schulich Faculty

New Full Professors

Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship

Newly Funded Research Projects

Chairs and Professorships

MEDIA, BOOKS AND JOURNALS 91

Media Mentions

New Media Releases (2021)

Books

Book Chapters

101 Journal Articles 116 PhD Academic Activities

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 1

Dean’s Message

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The creation of new knowledge is a central aspect of our work at the Schulich School of Business.

Over the years, we’ve worked hard to build a global reputation for research excellence and a research culture that values methodological and theoretical diversity. The many feature articles and faculty highlights contained in this year’s Spotlight on Research are a wonderful testament to the quality, range and relevance of our research. Among so much variety in the ways we produce knowledge and the nature of the knowledge we produce, there nonetheless appears to be something of a shared ethos embedded in our work — or, perhaps more accurately, a shared desire that our research matter and contribute to important conversations about the ethical, social and environmental responsibilities of business. I believe that what the past couple of decades, and the last few years in particular, have shown is that this ethos makes our research not just intellectually rich and exciting but also exceedingly relevant from a managerial perspective. Looking at our excellent research community, I’m confident that we will continue to foster a diverse research culture, ask big and difficult questions, and create knowledge with important theoretical contributions and practical ramifications. We’ll also continue to look for new and better ways to share our insights with the

wider community. The Office of the Associate Dean Research and the Dean’s Office are here to support these efforts. For example, that’s why we launched a new initiative earlier this year called the “Dean’s Desk”, which is designed to showcase Schulich’s thought leadership on some of the latest emerging trends in management. Last but not least, we’re collaborating to bring new knowledge directly into our programs and classrooms. Our students tell us over and over again how much they appreciate hearing about the latest research from our faculty. This makes sense to me. Our research aims to create knowledge that makes a tangible difference in the world around us, just like our students hope to make a positive difference in the world. In the pages that follow, you’ll find many examples of how our researchers are producing research

with real-world impact — everything from analytical models for managing intensive care unit (ICU) capacity during a health crisis like the pandemic to developing a framework that models the behaviour of cryptocurrency prices and the valuations of digital currency derivatives. I encourage you to take a few moments to review this year’s edition of Spotlight on Research and gain a glimpse into where the world of business is heading — and how it is being transformed through the world-class research at the Schulich School of Business. *

DETLEV ZWICK, PhD

Dean and Tanna H. Schulich Chair in Digital Marketing Strategy Professor of Marketing Schulich School of Business, York University Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 3

Welcome Message

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Welcome to the 2020 & 2021 Research Newsletter of the Schulich School of Business

We proudly present the 12th edition of Schulich’s Spotlight on Research. It is testimony to what Schulich really is: a research leader, dedicated to training a new generation of management professionals, built around a faculty that passes on their groundbreaking research every day in the classroom to the next generation. After almost two years of the pandemic, most organizations have faced unusual challenges. We were no exception. With most of our ‘customers’ gone, we had to invent a completely new model of delivery of our service. On top of that, we had a change in leadership. This report then is a testimony to one great strength that has put Schulich always in the top echelons of business schools globally. Our exceptional faculty managed to keep us at the forefront of academic research in many contemporary subjects. As you sift through this report, you will find that the school has taken head-on many of the contemporary challenges. The obvious challenge, healthcare, and the management of healthcare is a predominant feature of this report. Our faculty, most notably around our Krembil Centre for Health Management & Leadership, has excelled in putting us on the map in many of the issues that the pandemic raised over the last three years. Enjoy reading these pages within this report. One of the surprising discoveries of the pandemic has been the vulnerability of global supply chains. Symbolized by the accident of the Evergreen container vessel in the

Suez Canal, we are now very astutely aware of the fact that the world in which consumers enjoy affordable products, brought to us from all over the world, is indeed a rather fragile setup. Our George Weston Ltd Centre for Sustainable Supply Chains has done formidable work addressing these challenges. The pandemic also has given rise to a new, still insufficiently understood, area of financial management. The rise of cryptocurrencies and the blockchain economy are phenomena that came up recently and are still in the phase where their emergent nature cloaks some of the real features of this new arena of business. Enjoy reading how Schulich faculty have taken on this challenge. Our colleague Henry Kim and his Blockchain Lab have done impressive work, most notably embedding Schulich research into the wider York University community. A particular challenge for research in a business school is to make it relevant for wider society. It is an ongoing challenge. One of our proudest achievements, then, is that one of our professors actually made it onto the Hollywood circuit! Moshe A. Milevsky is featured in a 2021 released movie called

The Baby Boomer Dilemma, produced and directed by Doug Orchard. For a mostly perceived dry matter such as finance and retirement instruments, this is an amazing achievement that makes all of us here in the School very proud. It points to a wider challenge of making our work as researchers relevant to broader, public audiences. There are many more achievements to celebrate. As leaders in their respective fields, our faculty’s research enjoys widespread interest not only in the academic community, but also in the corporate community and in the public at large. In that regard, Schulich faculty have continued to launch successful partnerships and research collaborations that provide not only financial support for faculty research, but an important training ground for many of our doctoral students as well. Much of the School’s faculty research is published in top-tier journals, has important public policy implications, and continues to receive extensive coverage and attention in the media. Our faculty have achieved world acclaim for their long-term impact through their research excellence and through the quality of their contributions and their ability to inspire. Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 5

A Welcome Message from the Schulich Research Office

Our office takes great pride in securing our faculty members’ research grants, which are interdisciplinary in nature and foster collaborations with academics at other institutions, as well as with industry partners. This is certainly evidenced by our increased success in receiving external funding. Schulich researchers predominantly receive funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). In 2020 and 2021, Schulich had phenomenal years in acquiring external funding. In particular, our SSHRC results were most impressive. We earned a remarkable 85 percent success rate. This is way above the Canadian average success rate. The Office of the Associate Dean Research has undertaken several new initiatives in 2021 to showcase and disseminate the true prowess of the faculty members’ scholarly and research achievements, for instance, establishing a systematic way for the School to archive research successes and outcomes

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and share the achievements with the wider community. The Office has opened a dedicated email address (researchsuccess@schulich.yorku.ca) to which Schulich faculty members can send a formless email message with their recent research successes. The Office collects these messages, enters them into the databases, and by way of celebrating the success, the Office of the Associate Dean Research sends out an email to all faculty and PhD students sharing the successes and achievements on a regular basis. The Research Office also works with the media team on media releases about some forthcoming research where media coverage helps facilitate the mobilization of the faculty’s research. Furthermore, the Faculty & Research section on the Schulich website has been completely revamped in 2021 with new modules that include Spotlight on Research, Faculty Impact, Research Funding, a brandnew online Publications Database, Schulich’s Centres of Excellence and other research institutes and

labs, and a breakdown of Schulich faculty by research area. These are all important, not only for knowledge mobilization, but also for impact. We hope you enjoy reading about our exciting research work as much as we enjoy sharing it with you. And, most of all, we would be happy to hear from you. Please email any feedback, suggestions, or comments you may have to research@schulich.yorku.ca.

DR. DIRK MATTEN

Associate Dean, Research; Hewlett-Packard Chair in Corporate Social Responsibility; Professor of Sustainability

DR. FARHANA ISLAM

Research Officer Office of the Associate Dean, Research

Features

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 7

Re-Imagining Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic World

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For the past two-and-a-half years, countries have had to deal with the tremendous task of managing a global pandemic. While the world is still in the midst of tackling COVID-19 and adjusting to the many socio-economic changes that it has brought, researchers at the Schulich School of Business have spent the past several years trying to better understand the changes that have occurred in our healthcare system since the pandemic began. From reimagining healthcare systems to coping with a health sector workforce crisis, the issues we face are wide and far-reaching.

The COVID-19 pandemic shook every industry to its core — creating a perfect storm that forced businesses and organizations to re-examine the way they manage their workforce and how they serve the needs of their customers and clients. But no industry bore the brunt of the pandemic more than healthcare, whose managers and workers were on the front lines of the worldwide battle to contain the spread of COVID-19 infection and illness while also advising governments on appropriate healthcare policies. At the same time, the pandemic magnified a number of healthcare

issues that had already been bubbling below the surface — everything from worker burnout and patient backlogs to resource constraints and the adoption of new technologies. Schulich researchers have been at the forefront of research on these and other key issues, owing in large part to the School’s longstanding leadership in health industry management. One of Schulich’s trademarks is faculty research from across a wide range of disciplines, and health research is a perfect example, with researchers from accounting, economics, sustainability, operations management and information systems, and entrepreneurial studies.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 9

Re-Imagining Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic World

FIGHTING THE PANDEMIC: FREEING UP CRITICAL CARE BEDS AND FINDING PPE EQUIPMENT One of the biggest news stories around the world at the outset of the pandemic was the critical shortage of Personal Protective Equipment, or PPE. This equipment includes items such as gowns, surgical masks, gloves, and face visors. During the earliest — and deadliest — stage of the pandemic, PPE was in great demand after governments mandated the public use of PPE in stores, restaurants, and public transit. As a result, hospitals faced critical supply shortages, which occasionally left health workers without adequate PPE. This in turn led to higher rates of infection and death among patients. Adam Diamant, Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems at Schulich and an expert in health industry

management, carried out recent research focused on finding an approach for predicting demand for PPE used in hospital settings during COVID-19. Diamant and his fellow researchers employed both stochastic modeling and machine learning to create a methodology for predicting the expected amount of PPE consumed during all healthcare interactions during a patient’s stay in the hospital — a key factor in helping manage healthcare supply chains during the pandemic. “Our research work was the first to propose an analytical model for predicting PPE demand in a clinical setting,” says Diamant. The pandemic also exposed the inability at times of hospitals to manage the peaks and surges of COVID-19 hospitalizations. A lack of intensive care beds — or threat thereof — was often used as a

“ Our research work was the first to propose an analytical model for predicting PPE demand in a clinical setting.” ADAM DIAMANT Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

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justification for lockdowns and other restrictive measures. Current research being undertaken by Diamant is investigating a prescriptive approach for managing intensive care unit (ICU) capacity in a network of hospitals during a pandemic. The research explores the benefits of transferring ICU beds between hospitals in anticipation of demand instead of waiting until demand is realized and then transferring patients from hospitals with no idle ICU beds to those with excess capacity. Diamant is also currently conducting research that includes exploring the impact of scheduling decisions made by surgeons on post-surgical complications, developing a more efficient scheduling framework for assigning home care patients to health practitioners, as well as investigating policies to help clear the backlog of patients seeking MRIs in Ontario as a result of COVID-19.

“ If a biopharma firm possesses a large portfolio of late-stage drug development projects and a large scientific team is involved in early-stage drug discovery, then the firm can achieve maximum gain by shifting more resources toward the late-stage projects than the early-stage ones.” MOREN LÉVESQUE Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems; CPA Ontario Chair in International Entrepreneurship

DRUG R&D RESEARCH: IN SEARCH OF HIGHER ROI Pharmaceutical companies and drug development — everything from vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to antivirals — were front and centre during the pandemic. Spending on research and development by pharmaceutical giants like J&J, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer amounts to billions of dollars annually and continues to climb. But the increase in R&D spending has not been accompanied by increases in the returns on investment, a growing concern in the biopharma industry. Moren Lévesque, Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems and CPA Ontario Chair in International Entrepreneurship at Schulich, carried out research with several co-authors that revealed that drug development firms spend too much time on early-stage R&D projects that have little likelihood of commercial success. The result, says Lévesque, is that many of these companies

are pulling the plug too late on R&D projects that show few signs of succeeding.

pre-existing health inequalities and even exacerbate them,” says Henriques.

“If a biopharma firm possesses a large portfolio of late-stage drug development projects and a large scientific team is involved in earlystage drug discovery, then the firm can achieve maximum gain by shifting more resources toward the late-stage projects than the earlystage ones,” noted Lévesque.

Amin Mawani, Associate Professor of Accounting and Director of Schulich’s Health Industry Management Program, has studied the role of tax policy in promoting healthcare and determining the cost-benefit analysis of illness prevention programs. Mawani was part of a team of York University researchers that published research several years ago showing that web-based community intervention for York students experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression was clinically effective in reducing the symptoms experienced by students. Follow-up research is intended to show that such web-based interventions are not only clinically effective but also cost-effective.

THE ECONOMICS OF ILLNESS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Schulich academics are also looking at healthcare from business ethics and accounting perspectives. Irene Henriques, Professor of Sustainability and Economics at Schulich, co-authored a study that found corporate charitable foundations tend to direct healthcare funding to richer communities rather than to regions with the greatest healthcare needs. “What we discovered was that corporate health philanthropy tends to reinforce

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 11

Re-Imagining Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic World

THE LOOMING CRISIS IN OUR HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE Dr. Abi Sriharan is the Senior Krembil Fellow at Schulich and an internationally recognized, awardwinning scholar. The Oxford-trained academic frequently consults multinational organizations such as the World Health Organization on issues such as strengthening health systems and human capital strategy. A lot of her research work has lately focused on the healthcare work culture and the health workforce, which is grappling with an unprecedented increase in job vacancies due to job transitions and early retirements. The crisis is being driven by multiple factors, including pandemic stress and burnout, demographics, and the so-called “Great Resignation” — the large-scale withdrawal from the workforce by a growing number of employees. “We’re in the midst of a health workforce crisis,” says Sriharan. “But we can’t wait — the time to address the workforce crisis is now.”

The main challenge for healthcare organizations and leaders is to “create work environments that are more employee-friendly,” says Sriharan. One solution is to explore more innovative and flexible workplace employment practices, citing the trend toward “work-sharing” in the US and the introduction of “flexible working rights” in the UK as a way to improve work/life balance and reduce staff turnover. Another solution, she says, is to “use the power of AI and Big Data and automation to supplement human aspects of healthcare. Digital technology needs to be more fully embraced.” As just one example, she points to AI-based scheduling, which has been shown to reduce burnout and boost engagement for healthcare professionals.

than 90% of long-term care workers are female. But Sriharan says many female healthcare workers are leaving their occupations. “If we don’t address the needs of female healthcare workers, we’re going to face a number of potential problems,” she says. The bottom line, says Sriharan, is “we need a different work culture in healthcare” and a new type of high-performance healthcare leader — one who embraces innovation, change, and experimentation. Researchers like Sriharan and faculty members from a number of different disciplines at Schulich continue to make valuable contributions to healthcare research that often break new ground and tackle real-world problems. *

Sriharan is also looking at workplace issues through a gender lens. When it comes to gender, she notes that 75% of healthcare workers are female, 42% of physicians are female, and more

DR. ABI SRIHARAN, Senior Krembil Fellow at Schulich, is looking at workplace issues through a gender lens:

“ If we don’t address the needs of female healthcare workers, we’re going to face a number of potential problems.”

75% of healthcare workers are female

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42% 90% MORE THAN

of physicians are female

of long-term care workers are female

Robert Krembil (MBA ’71, Hon LLD ’00)

In September 2021, Schulich officially launched the Krembil Centre for Health Management and Leadership, made possible by a generous $5 million donation from the Krembil Foundation and Schulich graduate Robert Krembil (MBA ’71, Hon LLD ’00), a name synonymous with healthcare research and philanthropy in Canada. The Centre has established itself as a leading global hub of industry outreach, education, and research. A cornerstone component of the Krembil Centre is the Krembil Chair in Health Management and Leadership, created to develop the School’s research capacity in the healthcare field and expand Schulich’s reputation as an international thought leader in health sector strategy, transformation, and organizational leadership.

A key mission of the Centre is to help bridge the gap between research, health sector leaders, and government policymakers. One of the ways the Centre is doing this is through biannual summits featuring global thought leaders. The Centre’s inaugural Summit, “Leading the Way Post-COVID,” held in collaboration with Deloitte, featured topics such as long-term care and the impact of COVID-19, as well as the digital future of healthcare. The second Leadership Summit, held in collaboration with Accenture, focused on workplace culture, talent, and leadership.

Joseph Mapa, the Director of the Krembil Centre and the Executive Director of Schulich’s Health Industry Management Program, was appointed as the inaugural holder of the Krembil Chair in the fall of 2021. Mapa, who served as President and CEO of Mount Sinai Hospital for a number of years, brings years of real-world experience and extensive connections to the health industry in his role as Chair. “We’re living through transformational changes in the health sector,” says Mapa, citing everything from inefficiencies in care delivery and increasing healthcare costs to bottlenecks in the adoption and implementation of new medical technologies and the use of AI and Big Data to drive greater efficiencies in healthcare services. “The Krembil Centre is uniquely positioned to address these challenges.”

Joseph Mapa, Director of the Krembil Centre and the Executive Director of Schulich’s Health Industry Management Program; Krembil Chair in Health Management and Leadership

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 13

The Dawn of the Fintech Era

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One of the more interesting recent developments in the world of finance these past few years has been the proliferation of fintech applications, including cryptocurrencies and the rise of non-fungible tokens, or NFTs. While the use of fintech products like crypto vary widely, researchers at the Schulich School of Business took a deeper dive to understand the implications of a more fintech-aligned economy.

BITCOIN: THE NEW GOLD

In March of 2021, cryptocurrency darling Bitcoin — dubbed “digital gold” by some — punched through the $60,000USD trade price level for the first time, leading some investment experts to label the sky-high rise as a speculative bubble. It was around that time when two Schulich researchers — Irene Henriques and Perry Sadorsky — revisited some groundbreaking research they had conducted in 2018 that examined whether Bitcoin could replace gold, the traditional hedge against inflation, in an investment portfolio. The two Schulich Professors of Sustainability and Economics found that their original findings still held true, and that the digital currency remained a good replacement for gold as a safe-haven asset in an investment portfolio. The authors concluded that “Bitcoin is a viable new alternative asset class that can profitably diversify risk.”

Henriques and Sadorsky are just two of a growing number of Schulich faculty members carrying out research in the emerging field of fintech, the term coined to describe the integration of technology into financial services products in order to enhance their use and convenience or lower their cost. Examples of fintech include everything from mobile payments and digital wallets like Apple Pay to Robo-Advisers and crowdfunding through companies such as Kickstarter and GoFundMe. But the biggest and best-known example of fintech is cryptocurrency, thanks in large part to Bitcoin and the slew of other crypto coins that have followed in its wake, including Dogecoin, touted by Elon Musk, and Litecoin, a peer-to-peer Internet currency that enables instant payments to anyone in the world.

credibility with the globe’s first Bitcoin exchange-traded fund launching on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The year was filled with news about traditional banks stating that they would hold and issue Bitcoin on behalf of their asset-management clients, while Mastercard made headlines when it said that it is planning on integrating Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies into its payments and banking platforms. “When the financial incumbents get interested in cryptocurrencies, they are clearly seeing it as a potential threat to their business,” says Henriques. “Banks and credit card companies are essentially intermediaries, and the purpose of blockchain, of which Bitcoin is an application, is essentially to eliminate intermediaries.”

During the past year, cryptocurrencies finally broke into the mainstream and shook up the investment world, gaining both traction and Bay Street

“Bitcoin is a viable new alternative asset class that can profitably diversify risk.” IRENE HENRIQUES and PERRY SADORSKY, Schulich Professors of Sustainability and Economics, found that their original findings in 2018 still held true, and that the digital currency remained a good replacement for gold as a safe-haven asset in an investment portfolio.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 15

The Dawn of the Fintech Era

EXPLORING THE WORLD OF CRYPTOCURRENCY DERIVATIVES Melanie Cao, Professor of Finance and Director of Schulich’s Master of Finance Program, is tackling cryptocurrency from a completely different angle: trying to find a reliable way to value digital currency derivatives in order to boost trading. She recently co-authored a study on the valuation of Bitcoin options, a type of derivative product that allows investors to speculate on or hedge against the volatility of an underlying asset — typically a stock, but in this instance a cryptocurrency. Cao and co-author Batur Celik, a Schulich PhD candidate, delved into Bitcoin options because there didn’t exist what Cao calls “a rigorous valuation framework that models the behaviour of cryptocurrency prices and the values of derivatives on cryptocurrencies in a consistent and uniform fashion.”

“The Bitcoin derivatives market has grown steadily since its inception, but the total trading volume relative to the total market cap is still small,” says Cao. “The lack of a widely accepted valuation model might be one of the reasons why. So, the main objective of our research paper was to propose a sensible valuation model for Bitcoin derivatives in the hope that a valuation framework could help stimulate more trading in Bitcoin derivatives.”

Kim is currently the co-lead on an interdisciplinary York University-wide “Digital Currencies” research project involving academia, the Bank of Canada, and financial institutions to investigate Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), Bitcoins, and other digital currencies. He is the co-organizer of the Fields Institute Lecture Series on Blockchain, which has hosted world-renowned speakers, and the IEEE Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies.

DECONSTRUCTING BLOCKCHAIN

“As part of this research, we’ve initiated a collaboration with the Bank of Canada to study Bitcoin adoption in Canada,” says Kim, who holds crypto assets in his own personal investment portfolio. “We’re also collaborating with Stats Canada to explore how CBDCs can mitigate underprivileged communities’ exclusion from traditional financial services, and we’re funding student and post-doctoral research into stablecoins — cryptocurrencies that aim to provide greater price stability and are backed by a reserve asset — as well as Bitcoin energy consumption and cryptocurrency pricing, among many other related topics.”

The underlying technology that enables all of these cryptocurrency transactions is blockchain. Irene Henriques describes it this way: “Blockchain is to Bitcoin as the Internet is to email.” And one of the country’s leading academic experts in blockchain is Schulich’s Henry M. Kim, Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems and Director and co-founder of the blockchain.lab at York University.

“The Bitcoin derivatives market has grown steadily since its inception, but the total trading volume relative to the total market cap is still small. The main objective of our research paper was to propose a sensible valuation model for Bitcoin derivatives in the hope that a valuation framework could help stimulate more trading in Bitcoin derivatives.” MELANIE CAO Professor of Finance and Director, Master of Finance Program

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Kim has published several research papers this past year related to blockchain. One of his papers, “Business in the Front, Crypto in the Back: How to Be a Blockchain Startup in Fintech,” provided an in-depth analysis of the blockchain start-up Novera, a Bitcoin tracking fund that received over $1 million in venture capital — thanks in part to its motto of, “Business in the front, crypto in the back.” The motto encapsulates how the company managed the dichotomy of working in the highly regulated world of finance while pursuing innovative and disruptive blockchain-based products and platforms. Other topics explored by Kim’s recent research include: examining how blockchains can be key enablers of residential energy trading systems (RETS) by allowing them to participate in virtualized energy markets with the potential to reduce peak demand; identifying and analyzing four different types of hybrid blockchain architectures — a key issue for enterprises looking to address issues related to blockchain interoperability; and how to set up cryptocurrency incentive mechanisms and operationalize governance.

“ As part of this research, we’ve initiated a collaboration with the Bank of Canada to study Bitcoin adoption in Canada. We’re also collaborating with Stats Canada to explore how CBDCs can mitigate underprivileged communities’ exclusion from traditional financial services.” HENRY M. KIM Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

BORED APES AND CRYPTOPUNKS Another blockchain-based product that has caught fire outside the cryptosphere are Non-Fungible Tokens, better known as NFTs — unique digital files stored on a blockchain that can be sold and traded and include everything from an illustration to a piece of music. Most of the excitement surrounding NFTs today revolves around digital arts, sports icons, and pop art collectibles. Even Christie’s, the buttoned-down leader in high-end auctions, has gotten into the NFT market, as have superstar athletes like Wayne Gretzky, who has launched his own line of NFT collectibles. “The last year saw tremendous growth in NFTs,” according to David Rice, Associate Professor of Marketing and Executive Director of the School’s Future of Marketing Institute, a Schulich think tank.

Investors are spending millions of dollars annually on popular NFTs like the Bored Apes and CryptoPunks. David Rice, Associate Professor of Marketing, is examining the phenomenon from a marketing perspective.

Rice, who is examining the phenomenon from a marketing perspective, notes that investors are spending millions of dollars annually on popular NFTs like the Bored Apes and CryptoPunks. The Bored Ape Yacht Club is a collection of 10,000 Bored Ape NFTs, which the company describes as “unique digital collectibles living on the Ethereum blockchain.” “While many people think of NFTs as just super expensive pictures or JPEGs, marketers are rapidly recognizing the value of NFTs,” says Rice. “NFTs are built around community, and marketers are now creating NFT ‘Smart Contracts’ that are enhancing brand loyalty programs that grant owners access to exclusive experiences. We believe this trend will expand significantly in the next few years. Someday soon, ownership of your car, an airline ticket, or even your University credentials may be represented by an NFT.” For more information on NFTs and the Future of Marketing, visit the Institute or follow their work on Twitter: @thefuturemktg.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 17

The Dawn of the Fintech Era

ROBO-ADVISING: HIGH EFFICIENCY AND LOWER COSTS Thanks to analytics and AI, RoboAdvising is providing algorithm-based asset recommendations and portfolio management that have high efficiency, lower costs and none of the built-in biases that come with human decisionmaking. In other words, the highly specialized software replaces the work traditionally performed by a wealth manager or investment advisor. Several Schulich faculty members in the School’s Finance Area have leveraged their financial acumen to launch their own fintech advising companies. For example, Finance

professor Pauline Shum Nolan is CEO and Co-founder of Wealthscope, a cloud-based fintech company that leverages data and finance expertise to provide investment and retirement analytics. Finance professor Moshe A. Milevsky, meanwhile, is a fintech entrepreneur with a number of US patents and computational innovations in the field of retirement income planning. The best-selling financial author founded a fintech startup focused on insurance products that was acquired by CANNEX Financial Exchanges, which enables financial institutions to automate the application processing and administration of bank and annuity products in Canada.

Whether it’s automated RoboAdvisors or blockchain-based digital currencies, fintech is reshaping the finance industry and disrupting the competitive landscape. In the process, fintech is creating boundless opportunities for a new generation of entrepreneurs and producing a myriad of new tech-driven products and services that are adding greater convenience, ease, and wealth to our lives. Helping to illuminate and better understand the fledgling fintech industry — as well as chart new directions for moving forward — is the cutting-edge research coming from scholars such as those here at Schulich. *

Schulich faculty members in the School’s Finance Area have leveraged their financial acumen to launch their own fintech advising companies. Finance professor PAULINE SHUM NOLAN is CEO and Co-founder of Wealthscope, a cloud-based fintech company that leverages data and finance expertise to provide investment and retirement analytics.

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Finance professor MOSHE A. MILEVSKY is a fintech entrepreneur with a number of US patents and computational innovations in the field of retirement income planning.

THE CPA ONTARIO CENTRE IN DIGITAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Aiming to bridge the traditional world of accounting with the digital financial revolution taking place today, Schulich partnered with the Chartered Professional Accountants (CPA) of Ontario to create the CPA Ontario Centre in Digital Financial Information. The Centre intends to develop digital financial expertise and disseminate research in the field of digital accounting. Dean Neu, Professor of Accounting at Schulich, is the Director of the Centre. As an accounting scholar, Neu uses big data to study social accountability in his research and is committed to understanding not only how accounting is used in the public sphere but also how it can be used to facilitate social accountability. “The use of big data contributes to our understanding of the potential — and the limitations — of accounting in encouraging social accountability outcomes,” says Neu. The Centre has held two webinars for accounting practitioners that looked at accounting through a digital lens. One of the webinars, “Using Data Analytics and Social Media to Measure Off-theBooks Intangible Assets,” featured Gregory Saxton, Associate Professor of Accounting at Schulich. Saxton’s research uses Big Data and data analytic techniques to analyze nonprofit organizations, corporate social responsibility, and the capital markets.

Saxton and Neu teamed up to co-author a research paper that examined the trajectory of Twitter-based social accountability conversations and the potential for the emergence of a longer-term social accountability user network. As the basis of the research findings, the Schulich professors used machine learning and data analytics to code and analyze nearly 300,000 tweets associated with the release of The Panama Papers in 2016, which revealed the tax avoidance schemes employed by politicians, wealthy business people, and sports stars. Saxton argues that, beyond building an understanding of the drivers of citizen accountability networks, the results also carry insights for business leaders, particularly those in large companies being “cancelled” by social accountability networks: “If your company is being targeted by these social media networks, you need to appreciate who these key network players are and what values are motivating them to mobilize against you.”

DEAN NEU Professor of Accounting and Director of the CPA Ontario Centre in Digital Financial Information

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 19

At the Forefront of Innovative Supply Chain Management

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The past two years have shown us not only how disruptive a pandemic can be, but how interconnected the global economy currently is in terms of supply chain logistics. Recent proponents of lean supply management and lean manufacturing have recently begun reassessing their strategy due to the sudden spikes and drops in consumer demand. Researchers at the Schulich School of Business are exploring the myriad of issues that come with innovation and product differentiation, while also studying the different interconnected forces that continue to influence both local and global supply chains.

Over the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing challenges related to the flow of goods and services. Schulich professors have shared valuable research regarding the impacts of supply chain optics, and Schulich’s newly launched George Weston Ltd Centre has remained forwardthinking about what is to come. M. Johnny Rungtusanatham, the Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management and Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems, continues to author many leading research papers during the pandemic about a range of emerging supply chain issues.

In one paper, Rungtusanatham found that buyers have a strong preference for consignment-based inventory management approaches, thereby decoupling inventory ownership and inventory placement responsibilities. Companies can only have so many items on the shelves in their stores; therefore, when consumer demand suddenly increases, it is difficult to meet that demand. “Shortages experienced are not just due to sudden demand spikes, but also because of aversion to stockpiling,” says Rungtusanatham. “Not stockpiling is actually sage management practice, especially for goods with low supply certainty.”

“ Shortages experienced are not just due to sudden demand spikes, but also because of aversion to stockpiling. Not stockpiling is actually sage management practice, especially for goods with low supply certainty.” M. JOHNNY RUNGTUSANATHAM Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management; Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 21

At the Forefront of Innovative Supply Chain Management

Rungtusanatham has been recognized for co-authoring one of the top papers in the 50-year history of the Decision Sciences Journal (DSJ)

“The severity of supply chain disruptions: Design characteristics and mitigation capabilities” ranks as the journal’s #10 most cited paper.

Supply chain disruption risk can also impact the flow of goods. Manufacturers engaging in product innovations should invest both in strengthening their network position with suppliers and in their capability to access, integrate, and utilize external knowledge.

invested in technologies to monitor (e.g., security cameras), detect thefts (e.g., sensors at entrances), and deter thefts (e.g., locked cabinets), as well as through visible security personnel. The Walmart greeter, for example, is there not only to welcome you but also to demotivate shoplifters.

Rungtusanatham has also been recognized for co-authoring one of the top papers in the 50-year history of the Decision Sciences Journal (DSJ). “The severity of supply chain disruptions: Design characteristics and mitigation capabilities” ranks as the journal’s #10 most cited paper.

“Supply chain disruptions are unavoidable and often beyond the control of any one company,” says Rungtusanatham. “But our research shows one of the dark sides of product innovation is that it can create higher product variety and greater supplier dependence.”

According to another research paper Rungtusanatham co-authored, business associations and other institutional intermediaries can play an important role in helping minority businesses succeed by providing training and access to large corporations.

“It is gratifying to know that our research is so relevant today, especially with supply disruptions triggered by COVID-19. I have shared the managerial advice from this research with supply chain managers and leaders through the School’s association with Supply Chain Canada,” says Rungtusanatham.

Retail inventory shrinkage is another issue that Rungtusanatham has studied. It arises primarily from theft or administrative error. The former includes employee thefts and shoplifting and constitutes the larger portion. To combat this phenomenon, retailers have

22 Schulich School of Business

“Research shows that minority businesses have a lower rate of success than non-minority-owned businesses because they face higher barriers to business growth,” says Rungtusanatham. “These barriers include difficulty accessing skilled labour, acquiring financing, and entering mainstream markets.”

Isik Bicer, an Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems at Schulich, has also co-authored high-profile research papers that address supply chain concerns. One paper identified ways that companies can improve profits, customer responsiveness and cost efficiency with their product proliferation strategy.

One of the difficulties of product category management is the sharp increase in operational costs when product variety is expanded. To alleviate the negative impact of operational costs associated with category management, manufacturers often delay the differentiation, so that the order quantities of the final products are determined only after accurate demand forecasts are available. Although delaying the differentiation is very effective in improving profitability, it has some limits and could occasionally hurt profits. “The dark side of the delayed differentiation strategy is that this strategy may cause a loss of profit if its implementation requires redesigning the operations by expediting high-cost activities,” says Bicer.

The implications of this research for the retail industry were presented at the annual meeting of the Consortium of Operational Excellence in Retailing (COER), jointly organized by Harvard Business School and the Wharton School. Bicer also researched how companies have the potential to reduce much more environmental waste on the production side of the product life cycle than on the consumption side — the opposite of most current mainstream thinking on product sustainability. “Usually, policymakers aim to develop sustainability policies to increase the product lifetime once customers start to use the products,” says Bicer. “However, the potential to reduce environmental waste at the production side is much bigger than the consumption side.”

“Usually, policymakers aim to develop sustainability policies to increase the product lifetime once customers start to use the products. However, the potential to reduce environmental waste at the production side is much bigger than the consumption side.” ISIK BICER Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 23

At the Forefront of Innovative Supply Chain Management

THE GEORGE WESTON LTD CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS Made possible by significant support from George Weston Ltd, the George Weston Ltd Centre for Sustainable Supply Chains was launched in May 2021. “Supply chains are the heart of Canada’s economy and provide the food, medication, and other items Canadians need by connecting communities from coast to coast to coast,” says Galen Weston, Chairman and CEO of George Weston Ltd. “We are delighted to partner with the Schulich School of Business to deepen our country’s expertise and develop sustainable supply chains that will contribute to a stronger, more resilient Canada.” Building on Schulich’s unique Master of Supply Chain Management program, leading-edge research and George Weston Ltd’s world-class expertise in sustainable supply chains, the Centre aims to become a leading global hub.

“Every organization should ask: do we have the capability and talent to lead positive change in our supply chain relationships with customers and suppliers that also includes other salient stakeholders such as society and the environment,” says Dr. David Johnston, Master of Supply Chain Management (MSCM) Program Director and Research Chair, George Weston Ltd Centre for Sustainable Supply Chains. “The Centre is here to help with the answers.” The goal of the Centre is to help organizations design resilient supply chains that balance the long-term needs of people, planet, and profit. It brings together diverse stakeholders to explore major challenges such as climate change, digital transformation, supply disruptions, and the need for greater social inclusion. The Centre shares supply chain best practices and is committed to developing the next generation of responsible industry leaders.

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The Centre recently announced the appointment of 15 Faculty Associates. Faculty Associates play an integral role in contributing to the Centre’s research, education, and outreach initiatives while pursuing their own unique approaches to topics at the intersection of sustainability and supply chain management. This cohort comes from diverse backgrounds, including strategy, statistics, business analytics, accounting, and sustainability, and possesses a wide variety of global work and consulting experiences. The Centre established new scholarship support for graduate students with the launch of the George Weston Ltd Sustainable Supply Chain Leader Scholarship. It is offered annually to two incoming domestic students enrolled in the Master of Supply Chain Management (MSCM) program based on high academic standing, work experience related to Supply Chain Management and strong evidence of leadership ability.

The Centre will co-sponsor five industry conferences in 2022 in collaboration with its educational partner Supply Chain Canada. The Centre will be aiding in the organization of the events and will be participating in various speaking and presentation opportunities to increase brand awareness. As part of the sponsorship agreement for the events, the Centre has arranged for complimentary passes to this event series for students and alumni of Schulich’s Master of Supply Chain Management program to aid in their career networking and professional development. The Centre hosted the 2nd annual Supply Chain Research Forum — “Supply Chain Problems: Practical Insights from Emerging Research,” in 2022. This Research Forum was for invited Canada-based academic researchers to present emerging findings relevant to solving business challenges firms encounter in designing, optimizing, and sustaining their supply chains. The Research Forum brought together approximately 75 to 100 guests including researchers, industry practitioners, current students,

and alumni. Schulich professors Isik Bicer and M. Johnny Rungtusanatham participated in the forum on behalf of the Centre. The Centre also sponsored Canada’s Logistics Conference 2022 in partnership with educational partner, CITT (Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation). The annual conference was held in-person in Montreal and brought together industry practitioners to discuss emerging issues surrounding supply chain management. This initiative serves to build further brand exposure for the Centre and presents an opportunity to further market the MSCM program among CITT’s membership of early and mid-career professionals. In addition, the Centre presented a thought leadership session related to supply chain sustainability as part of the conference program. As the world optimistically moves towards the end of the pandemic, our professors, researchers, and the George Weston Ltd Centre will ensure that Schulich will continue to remain at the forefront of supply chain research and innovation. *

The Centre hosted the 2nd annual Supply Chain Research Forum — “Supply Chain Problems: Practical Insights from Emerging Research,” in 2022. The Research Forum brought together approximately 75 to 100 guests including: researchers, industry practitioners, current students, and alumni.

The Centre sponsored Canada’s Logistics Conference 2022 in partnership with educational partner, CITT (Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation). The annual conference was held in-person in Montreal and brought together industry practitioners to discuss emerging issues surrounding supply chain management.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 25

Sustainability in the Spotlight

26 Schulich School of Business

The recent changes in the business landscape brought about by COVID-19 as well as a myriad of other global developments has prompted a review of how we run our businesses and the overall economy at large. As such, Sustainability has become an even deeper topic being discussed across various fields of management education, with Schulich faculty exploring a variety of topics, including the financial implications of ESGs, stakeholder reassessments following the COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurship and more. Sustainability, now more than ever, remains a topic that is not only salient for our time but integral for the development of the next generation of business leaders.

Sustainability took centre stage in the business world last year — everything from bold declarations of combatting climate change and implementing carbon neutral targets to bringing about greater equity, diversity, and inclusion policies in the workplace. In a news article that recapped some of the biggest business trends of the years, Reuters proclaimed that 2021 was “the year of ESG investing.” Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria were increasingly embraced by businesses looking to burnish their sustainability credentials while also wooing socially

conscious investors, who pumped a record $649 billion USD into ESG-focused funds. During the past year, many of the School’s faculty members across a wide range of disciplines were actively engaged in research surrounding issues at the core of sustainability and responsible business.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THROUGH THE LENS OF THE PANDEMIC The pandemic provided an opportunity for many researchers in the sustainability sphere to re-evaluate long-held tenets and gauge the impact of various responsible business policies in the workplace. Dirk Matten, Professor of Sustainability and Hewlett-Packard Chair in Corporate Social Responsibility,

co-authored a paper with former Schulich faculty member Andy Crane titled, “COVID-19 and the Future of CSR Research”. According to the researchers, the pandemic challenged four key areas of CSR research: stakeholders, societal risk, supply chain responsibility, and the political economy of CSR. For example, noted Matten, the pandemic has made academics and businesses alike reassess theories about stakeholder prioritization. “COVID-19 clearly illustrated who should be regarded as the most essential stakeholders of business,” says Matten, citing frontline workers in healthcare, food service, delivery, and public transportation. “They were critical in delivering healthcare and keeping the economy going, but at the same time they were often exposed

DIRK MATTEN, Professor of Sustainability and Hewlett-Packard Chair in Corporate Social Responsibility, co-authored a paper titled, “COVID-19 and the Future of CSR Research” with former Schulich faculty member Andy Crane. According to the researchers:

The pandemic challenged four key areas of CSR research —

Stakeholders

Societal Risk

Supply Chain Responsibility

Political Economy of CSR

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Sustainability in the Spotlight

to infection without necessary protections and remain poorly paid and economically vulnerable.” Adds Matten: “We need to reconsider how value is assessed and allocated in models of value creation if those deemed most essential are receiving such a small slice of the economic pie.” Charles H. Cho, Professor of Sustainability Accounting and the Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability at Schulich, co-authored a study that looked at the roles of government, corporations and consumers in managing risk during COVID-19. Cho and his fellow researchers found that governments and corporations shifted more responsibility for COVID-19 risk mitigation onto the shoulders of consumers as the pandemic continued over time. Although governments and corporations initially took the lead in managing risk by putting concrete measures in place — everything from social distancing to mask mandates —

as the pandemic escalated, the expectations and roles shifted and “consumers were pushed to the centre stage to protect themselves and others,” says Cho.

co-authored found that the longer new mothers are away on maternity leaves, the less likely they are to be promoted, move into management, or advance their careers.

DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE AND IN THE BOARDROOM

Winny Shen, meanwhile, co-authored a paper that looked at board-level discrimination. Her research revealed that many companies are only paying lip service to the importance of diversity when it comes to corporate boards. The study, which looked at the boards of companies trading on the S&P Composite 1500 Index over a twelve-year period, showed that female CEO board directors get paid less than their male CEO counterparts. Unexpectedly, this gap in compensation was most apparent in organizations that had boards with greater female representation.

Also exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic this past year were Schulich Professors Winny Shen, Associate Professor of Organization Studies, and Ivona Hideg, the Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies, who teamed up to produce research that unearthed some counterintuitive conclusions. Their research found that some workplace diversity and inclusion policies ended up backfiring during the COVID-19 pandemic by making North American employees of Chinese descent more likely to be the targets of prejudice and mistreatment. Schulich’s Ivona Hideg shone some light in 2021 on another workplace issue: maternity leave. A paper she

“Our study points to the importance of moving beyond mere presence to ensuring women have power on boards. We need to make sure that organizations are not inviting women to be on boards simply to be symbols or tokens.” WINNY SHEN Associate Professor of Organization Studies

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“Our study points to the importance of moving beyond mere presence to ensuring women have power on boards,” argues Shen. “We need to make sure that organizations are not inviting women to be on boards simply to be symbols or tokens.”

EXPLORING MORE SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Geoff Kistruck, RBC Professor in Social Innovation and Impact, has some research currently under publication review regarding international development efforts focused on alleviating poverty through entrepreneurship training in rural Sri Lanka. While many entrepreneurship programs seek to elicit more innovative ideas to spur economic growth, the result has been more of ‘copycatting’ existing ideas, which can lead to unwanted hyper-competition. Kistruck, in conjunction with his co-authors, created a pilot study that attempted to design a new training module focused on “habitual agency” — drawing upon everyday activities such as cooking and farming in which individuals within Sri Lanka effectively transfer such habits to how they think about their business. This was in contrast to the standard training

approach of “reflexive agency” in which attempts are made to build new cause-and-effect linkages to create new habits within entrepreneurs. The new “habitual agency” framing was more successful at eliciting changes in perception, as well as an increased likelihood to experiment with new business ideas. In 2021, Kistruck, who is known for his expertise in finding market-based solutions to poverty alleviation, also became the first Coordinator of Schulich’s new Sustainability Area, created to provide a home for the many activities taking place at Schulich under the umbrella of sustainability and responsible business. Mike Valente, Associate Professor of Business and Sustainability and Director of Schulich’s BBA/iBBA Programs, is studying the phenomenon of how “meta-organizations” — collaborative entities composed of many organizations — are formed to achieve sustainability goals and looked at case studies in sub-Saharan Africa.

“Africa provides an ideal context to look at this issue because there isn’t the same level of governmental and civil society presence to complement business behaviour,” says Valente. “Our findings showed that metaorganizations may be an effective means of managing the complexity of sustainability and also suggest that meta-organizations may be particularly well-suited to addressing institutional and market voids.”

FRESH PERSPECTIVES ON STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Examining responsible business issues from a stakeholder perspective is Robert Phillips, the George R. Gardiner Professor in Business Ethics at Schulich and an internationally renowned scholar on stakeholder management. Phillips is also Director of the School’s Centre of Excellence in Responsible Business, a cross-disciplinary hub of sustainability-related teaching, research and outreach and a global leader in creating and disseminating new knowledge about the social, ethical, environmental, and political responsibilities of business.

MIKE VALENTE, Associate Professor of Business and Sustainability and Director of Schulich’s BBA/iBBA Programs, is studying the phenomenon of how GEOFF KISTRUCK, RBC Professor in Social Innovation and Impact, in conjunction with his co-authors, created a pilot study that attempted to design a new training module focused on

Habitual Agency

MetaOrganizations

— collaborative entities composed of many organizations — are formed to achieve sustainability goals and looked at case studies in sub-Saharan Africa.

— drawing upon everyday activities such as cooking and farming in which individuals within Sri Lanka effectively transfer such habits to how they think about their business. Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 29

Sustainability in the Spotlight

Phillips conducted some recent research with several colleagues that asked the following question: can shareholder-owned corporations maximize profits without harming their stakeholders? The short answer, according to Phillips, is yes — even though we may be living in a period the researchers describe as “the golden age of corporate wrongdoing” — everything from pharmaceutical companies producing highly addictive synthetic opioids to Facebook designing products for compulsive use in order to sell more ads. The real question, notes Phillips, “is how do businesses need to be transformed so that they actually do serve all their stakeholders and societies? A re-orientation of the whole ‘business as usual’ model seems in order.” Phillips’ research also explored new and alternate models of CSR and organizational ethics that attempt to reconcile significant structural shifts in global commerce with traditional concepts of corporate responsibility. “The rise of outsourcing, sub-contracting, and mobile app-based platforms shifts have dramatically restructured relationships between and among economic actors,” says Phillips.

CORPORATE REPORTING: IN SEARCH OF GREATER TRANSPARENCY Transparency is one of the key watchwords in today’s corporate reporting circles, but Schulich Professor Charles H. Cho and some of his colleagues raised an interesting question: are shareholders willing to pay more for greater financial, social, and environmental disclosure? According to their findings, investors are willing to shell out for financial and environmental information, but not social information. Says Cho: “This interesting finding once again brings up the heated discussion about the fake image of a ‘socially conscious’ investor.” Cho also collaborated on research that examined the progress Canada’s largest companies are making in their sustainability reporting, as well research to identify the current state of sustainability integration in Canadian government procurement.

MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL RISK: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS Schulich’s Charles H. Cho examined environmental issues through both an accounting lens and a business ethics

“Air pollution is one of the greatest challenges faced by business and society. We wanted to analyze how environmental degradation — in this case, air pollution — carries with it ethical, economic and social costs.” CHARLES H. CHO Professor of Sustainability Accounting and Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability

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lens this past year. A study that Cho co-authored found that companies operating in cities with elevated levels of air pollution exhibit a greater likelihood of restating their financial statements and manipulating earnings to inflate their bottom line. “Air pollution is one of the greatest challenges faced by business and society,” says Cho. “We wanted to analyze how environmental degradation — in this case, air pollution — carries with it ethical, economic and social costs.” In another study focused on social and environmental accounting, Cho and his fellow co-authors advocated for a systems approach that takes into account the links and interactions between corporations, society and ecology, rather than treating companies as detached from their natural environment. The authors argue this new paradigm “has the potential to offer transparent, inclusive and ethically sound data at the intersection of business, government, society and planet”, which in turn would help key decision-makers make better decisions.

CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGIES: REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES Lilian Ng, the Scotiabank Chair in International Finance at Schulich, also delved into the issue of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions from a different angle. Ng, together with several other academics, carried out research which showed that US companies were outsourcing their carbon footprints to overseas suppliers to keep environmental activists and climate-conscious investors and consumers at bay. “We found robust evidence that many large US firms — particularly those in highly emitting industries — actively outsource their carbon emissions to overseas suppliers as domestic pressure to reduce emissions intensifies,” says Ng. According to the researchers, firms tend to outsource emissions to supplier countries with laxer environmental regulations, and often use emissions outsourcing as a substitute for investing in green technology and pollution abatement measures. When it comes to finding ways to curb greenhouse gas emissions, one Schulich researcher is tackling the issue right in his own backyard.

Burkard Eberlein, Professor of Public Policy and Sustainability, was appointed in 2021 as one of four York University Provostial Fellows tasked with helping the University achieve carbon neutrality by 2049. The project is targeting emissions associated with commuting to the campus, which is the single largest contributor to York’s carbon footprint. Schulich researchers, Avis Devine, Associate Professor of Real Estate and Infrastructure, and Jim Clayton, Director and Timothy R. Price Chair at Schulich’s Brookfield Centre in Real Estate and Infrastructure, approached environmental sustainability from the perspective of commercial real estate. The two researchers, along with another co-author, published a paper that looked at ways in which to make commercial buildings more sustainable and energy-efficient. The researchers showed that behaviour-focused “soft interventions” such as monitoring software and tenant engagement programs can be as effective as green building certification when it comes to lowering energy consumption and making buildings more sustainable. “To understand the impact of environmental interventions on building operations, we have to move past certifications to include other intervention types as well,” says Devine. *

“We found robust evidence that many large US firms — particularly those in highly emitting industries — actively outsource their carbon emissions to overseas suppliers as domestic pressure to reduce emissions intensifies.” LILIAN NG Professor of Finance and Scotiabank Chair in International Finance

A LEADER IN SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH Schulich has long been regarded as a global leader regarding research in the field of sustainability — everything from social innovation and CSR to social sector management and business ethics. The School ranked #1 in the world in 2021 in regard to the number of sustainabilityrelated citations per faculty member in the Corporate Knights global MBA ranking — a testament to the depth and breadth of the research activity at the School regarding the social, environmental, and ethical aspects of management. The School’s world-calilbre researchers are the main reason Schulich continues to be a global leader in creating and disseminating new knowledge about sustainable business.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 31

Schulich Leads the Future of Marketing

32 Schulich School of Business

Through steadfast research leadership by Schulich’s faculty members, the Schulich School of Business is able to not only generate new ways of understanding current market trends but further develop them into actionable insights for the business world of tomorrow through the Future of Marketing Institute.

Schulich was ranked

10th in the world and #1 in Canada in marketing research published from 2015-2020 in the Journal of Consumer Research

Schulich’s Marketing professors continue to release new research on everything from health crisis advertising (timely during the pandemic) to how social media manipulates the perception of calorie-dense food. The Future of Marketing Institute (FMI), funded and supported by Schulich, continues to bring together industry partners, technology companies, and major brands to interact with the brightest minds in academia.

In November 2021, Schulich was ranked 10th in the world and #1 in Canada in marketing research published from 2015 – 2020 in the Journal of Consumer Research, the world’s leading academic journal on consumer research, according to a University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) business school research ranking. The ranking is based on a database created by the UTD’s Naveen Jindal School of Management, which tracks publications in 24 leading business journals across a wide range of major disciplines. The database contains titles and author affiliations of papers

published in these journals since 1990. The information in the database is then used to provide global and regional rankings based on the total research contributions of various business school faculties. “The UTD ranking is a real testament to the strength of the consumer behaviour research coming out of our School’s Marketing area, as well as confirmation of the world-class expertise and research being conducted by our faculty,” said Dean Detlev Zwick, who is also the Tanna H. Schulich Chair in Digital Marketing Strategy.

“The UTD ranking is a real testament to the strength of the consumer behaviour research coming out of our School’s Marketing area, as well as confirmation of the world-class expertise and research being conducted by our faculty.” DEAN DETLEV ZWICK Tanna H. Schulich Chair in Digital Marketing Strategy; Professor of Marketing

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 33

Schulich Leads the Future of Marketing

Markus Giesler, Professor of Marketing, was elected in June 2020 as one of the editors of the Journal of Consumer Research, the most prestigious journal focused on scholarly research that describes and explains consumer behaviour. Giesler is an expert on marketing and consumer behaviour with a specific sociological focus on how consumer behaviour shapes cultural and market systems. His published articles in leading social science journals, such as the Journal of Marketing and the Journal of Consumer Research have reached a wider audience through coverage in major media outlets such as The New York Times, Time Magazine, BusinessWeek, Financial Times, Washington Post, and Wired. He has been named “one of the best recognized experts studying high-technology consumer behaviour” by Wired, one of “the 40 most outstanding business profs under 40 in the world” by Poets & Quants, one of “the young business school star professors on the rise” by CNN, and an MSI Scholar by the Marketing Science Institute.

A study published in November 2020 in the Journal of Advertising shows that context harm crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, require not only bespoke advertising efforts for various communities and societies, but also an evolving, multistage approach not recognized in prior advertising literature on health messaging. The research, based on consumerfocused advertising drawing implications for public health advertising, was undertaken by Professor Ela Veresiu in collaboration with Thomas Derek Robinson from the Business School (formerly Cass) at the City, University of London.

“Ultimately, the purpose of advertising in a context harm crisis is to restore consumer hope by providing interpretative resources about an imagined future in which goals are emotionally, rationally, and existentially congruent and possible.” ELA VERESIU Associate Professor of Marketing

Associate Professor of Marketing, Nicole Mead, had a paper chosen over 300 other submissions for publication in the Journal of Marketing’s special issue on Better Marketing for a Better World in February 2021.

to feel good about themselves. However, these overly positive selfviews prevent people from saving. Therefore, researchers need to develop interventions which pop this positive illusion to encourage saving.

“This research has the potential to improve people’s lives in these challenging times. My co-authors and I have developed a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-implement intervention that can help people to save more money,” said Mead.

“Before the pandemic hit, many countries were reporting record low saving rates and record high debt loads. The pandemic made it very clear to both households and the government the importance of having an emergency savings fund. Hopefully expediting saving will continue to be a prominent conversation in the lives of people around the world,” Mead said.

Popping the Positive Illusion of Financial Responsibility Can Increase Personal Savings: Applications in Emerging and Western Markets argues that people hold unrealistically positive beliefs about their financial status because this enables them

NICOLE MEAD Associate Professor of Marketing

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Research published in May 2021 in the Journal of Consumer Psychology indicates that the visual display of calorie-dense food is a key factor in boosting viewer engagement on social media.

positive comments, likes and shares. A video summarizing the research paper can be found here.

“Understanding the specific characteristics that shape engagement on social media is of critical importance to content producers looking to tailor media towards viewer preferences, to advertisers seeking to increase impact, and to health advocates interested in helping consumers make better food choices.”

According to the study, co-authored by Theodore Noseworthy, Professor of Marketing and the Canada Research Chair in Entrepreneurial Innovation and the Public Good, the caloric density of food dishes depicted on food sites positively influences social media engagement. Their findings were published in a research paper titled, Content Hungry: How the Nutrition of Food Media Influences Social Media Engagement. The researchers examined the recipes and ingredients of hundreds of videos from Buzzfeed’s Tasty on Facebook using a text-processing algorithm. In particular, researchers determined that nutrients people can readily see, like saturated fats, are more likely to draw

Schulich’s Associate Professor of Marketing and Master of Marketing Program Director, Grant Packard, had one of his publications featured in the Harvard Business Review (HBR). Packard and Jonah Berger from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania explored how a subtle aspect of how people talk — known as linguistic concreteness — can have an important impact on customers’ attitudes, purchase intentions, and even their actual purchases.

THEODORE NOSEWORTHY Professor of Marketing and the Canada Research Chair in Entrepreneurial Innovation and the Public Good

Packard and Berger first analyzed the content of over 1,000 real customer service interactions from two different companies, one based in the U.S. and the other in Canada. Experiments revealed a significant increase in satisfaction and actual purchases when agents used more concrete words because it signals the agent is paying attention to the customer.

“The fact that concrete language suggests to others that you’re listening makes sense,” says Packard. “If you’re not paying attention to someone, you can’t really reference the things they care about. By paying attention to the language their employees use, all kinds of organizations might help reduce customer anxiety and frustration, improve satisfaction, and build trust with customers in what are truly challenging times.”

GRANT PACKARD, Associate Professor of Marketing; Master of Marketing Program Director, and Jonah Berger from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania explored how a subtle aspect of how people talk — known as

Linguistic Concreteness

— can have an important impact on customers’ attitudes, purchase intentions, and even their actual purchases. Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 35

Schulich Leads the Future of Marketing

Professor Russell Belk’s recent work has included edited books on marketization in emerging markets, consumer culture in Asia, and childlikeness in adults. He has a book on digital consumption coming out in 2022. Belk has been fortunate to have had co-editors in Europe, Asia, and North America.

Besides technology-related work he has also written about decolonizing marketing, creating original theory, what science fiction has to say about life after humans, property ownership and sharing, humility versus humiliation in old age, gay consumer coping, guest workers from India in the Middle East, ethical issues in AI, analogue consumption in a digital age, artificial life, consumer acceptance of new technologies, standing out versus fitting in, Hong Kong resistance to mainland Chinese shoppers, gift-giving

over the life course, globalization, attempting to voice control our digital devices, art consumption, tattooing and the body, and our changing sense of self. Belk has two current projects that he is excited about: “One, violence toward women and toward robot sex workers (using a story-writing technique to gather data), and two, experience of self in people who suffer from severe facial disfigurement. On the second project my co-author and I will work in Canada, the US, Turkey, and Taiwan.”

RUSSELL W. BELK Professor of Marketing; Kraft Foods Canada Chair in Marketing

Professor Eileen Fischer has recently published work with a number of Schulich PhD graduates and graduates-to-be. For example, research conducted with Associate Professor Marie-Agnes Parmentier of Montreal’s HEC, published in the Journal of Marketing and entitled “Working It: Managing Professional Brands in Prestigious Posts,” explores how professionals who land high-profile gigs can successfully manage their person-brands. A study undertaken with Associate Professor Andrew Smith of Boston’s Suffolk University, published in the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science and entitled “Pay Attention, Please! Person Brand Building in Organized Online Attention Economies,” focuses on how bloggers can successfully compete for audience attention in content platforms. 36 Schulich School of Business

And a paper forthcoming in the Journal of Consumer Psychology entitled “The Case for Qualitative Research” is co-authored with a doctoral candidate, Gulay Taltekin Guzel, who has recently taken a job in the Marketing Department at Bucknell University. Professor Fischer reflects: “It is a pleasure and a privilege to be working on so many timely topics with the talented crew of individuals who have obtained their PhDs from Schulich.” Recently, Professor Fischer received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland in recognition of her scholarly contributions to the fields of consumer culture, marketing and entrepreneurship research.

Professor Eileen Fischer has recently published work with a number of Schulich PhD graduates and graduates-to-be.

“It is a pleasure and a privilege to be working on so many timely topics with the talented crew of individuals who have obtained their PhDs from Schulich.” EILEEN FISCHER

Professor of Marketing; Anne and Max Tanenbaum Chair in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise; Director, PhD Program

FUTURE OF MARKETING INSTITUTE

Marketing is changing at an unprecedented pace. Technological innovations, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, neuromarketing, the Metaverse and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), are challenging traditional marketing thinking and practices. Marketers need to be on top of all these emerging technology fields. Schulich is at the forefront of understanding this change. The Future of Marketing Institute (FMI), a think-tank within Schulich, is a global leader in research, teaching, and outreach on future of marketing topics. “Schulich’s Future of Marketing Institute is home to the latest research and thought leadership on the marketing trends and innovations that are transforming the field of marketing and business,” said Schulich Dean Detlev Zwick.

FMI is also a leader in producing and publishing original research on future of marketing topics. Recently, FMI staff have written articles on diverse topics, including virtual reality, the Internet of Senses, AR glasses, Holograms, the Metaverse, and CGI (virtual influencers).

FMI is the publisher of the ‘Future of Marketing Magazine.’ The magazine is the most prominent digital publication on the topic, with 50,000+ readers and more than 1.4 million pages read. The magazine is widely respected and is considered an excellent resource for marketing professionals, academics, and students. It is curated daily by students in Schulich’s Master of Marketing program. In addition to the magazine, FMI offers weekly curated podcasts and videos on future of marketing topics. The Institute maintains an active LinkedIn site and tweets daily about leading-edge marketing topics.

In a recent article, FMI Executive Director David Rice and TrackDDB analyst Julia Orsini explored the possibility of ‘Advertising in Dreams.’ While advertising in dreams may sound like it falls within the realm of science fiction, advancements in our understanding of a new technique called Targeted Dream Induction, raise the possibility that this practice may widely be used in the future. Indeed, in their article, Rice and Orsini reference a recent petition by 30 sleep researchers to enact policies to protect consumers from the potential of advertising in dreams. *

The Future of Marketing Institute is the publisher of the ‘Future of Marketing Magazine.’ It is the most prominent digital publication on the topic, with

In a recent article, FMI Executive Director David Rice and TrackDDB analyst Julia Orsini explored the possibility of

50,000+ readers and more than 1.4 million pages read

‘Advertising in Dreams’

The magazine is curated daily by students in Schulich’s Master of Marketing program.

Check out this dystopian video called “Branded Dreams”. Even though the brand wasn’t mentioned, most people will recognize this is a dream (or nightmare) for Coca-Cola.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 37

A Deep-Dive on Schulich Research Regarding Gender Equality and Diversity in the Workplace

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The concepts of diversity, equity and inclusion have all been at the forefront of discussions regarding business practices as well as broader social norms. Professors Ivona Hideg and Winny Shen, alongside other researchers at Schulich, have begun leading new research on issues that influence how equitable our workplaces are as well as revisiting completed research in order to develop new insights regarding the current status quo about gender roles, leadership, government policy, and more.

Social movements, such as Me Too and Black Lives Matter, have placed issues of equality, diversity, and inclusion at the forefront of our collective consciousness. Additionally, both movements are intricately connected to the domain of work — the focus of two of Schulich’s Organization Studies Professors’ research. Me Too was borne out of the prevalent sexual harassment that women often experience while working, and Black Lives Matter developed in part from incidents of police brutality that led to calls for reforming or abolishing that profession and also from legal decisions that called into question whether legal institutions treat people of different racial backgrounds equitably. These events highlight the lofty distance that still remains when it comes to achieving true equality and inclusion in society.

Yet this context also serves as a call to action for Schulich’s Ivona Hideg, Associate Professor and Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies, and Winny Shen, Associate Professor of Organization Studies, as well as many of their colleagues at the School in regard to conducting research that seeks to highlight and dismantle existing barriers to equality in the workplace. In one stream of research, Hideg and Shen examined the impact of benevolent sexism in the workplace. Recent events have sensitized many of us to overt forms of sexism, which often manifests as hostile attitudes toward women — in particular, agentic or dominant women who challenge the status quo. However, more benevolent forms of sexism are also damaging, though they tend to more easily slip under our radar because they don’t seem as problematic at first blush.

The Me Too and Black Lives Matter movements highlight the lofty distance that still remains when it comes to achieving true equality and inclusion in society. This context serves as a call to action for Schulich’s Ivona Hideg, Associate Professor and Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies (above), and Winny Shen, Associate Professor of Organization Studies (below), in regard to conducting research that seeks to highlight and dismantle existing barriers to equality in the workplace.

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A Deep-Dive on Schulich Research Regarding Gender Equality and Diversity in the Workplace

For example, beliefs that women should be protected by men or that women have unique strengths in more feminine domains, such as the home, likely contribute to women’s underrepresentation in leadership roles. Such attitudes make it less likely that women will be provided with the support or challenging opportunities needed for promotion because they may be “shielded” from these difficulties. Additionally, Hideg and her collaborator, Lance Ferris (Michigan State University), found in other research that people who hold benevolent sexist attitudes are actually somewhat more likely to support equal employment policies for women. Although that may seem desirable, they also found that this support was limited to feminine and not masculine positions, which is poised to further perpetuate existing gender imbalances in organizations. Finally, work by Hideg and her former graduate student, Julie Nguyen (now a doctoral student at McGill University), demonstrated that benevolent sexism

also helps to explain the gender gap in the evaluation and funding of startups. Interestingly, they found that the more investors endorse benevolent sexism, the more likely they are to view men-led startups as less likely to fail, but the same benefits are not bestowed upon women-led startups. That is, while on the surface benevolent sexist attitudes do not appear to affect women, in actuality, such attitudes are giving a leg up to men — even when the startups presented by men and women are identical.

In another stream of research, both Hideg and Shen have explored how non-native accents are experienced or evaluated in the workplace. Canada prides itself on being a multicultural and multilingual society, and the government often positions immigration as a key pathway to the nation’s economic prosperity. Yet many immigrants still report significant hurdles in attaining employment and achieving career success. Alongside a former graduate student, Samantha Hancock (Wilfrid

Benevolent forms of sexism are also damaging, though they tend to more easily slip under our radar because they don’t seem as problematic at first blush.

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Laurier University), they have conducted a multi-disciplinary review of what the literature has found regarding the impact of non-native English accents in the workplace. They have concluded that research has overlooked how speakers with non-native accents experience the workplace and view their own accents by focusing predominantly on others’ evaluations of those with non-native accents (i.e., stereotyping). Notably, they also found that most research has focused on male speakers as the default without any consideration that the experiences for women may differ. This male bias in scientific research (i.e., using men as subjects by default) is widespread — ranging from medical and neuroscience research to social science research. As such, in their empirical work, they have focused on the unique workplace effects of non-native accents for women. Hideg and Shen find that the bias women with non-native accents experience at work is different from the bias men experience. Specifically, on the surface,

it appears that women with non-native (vs. native) English accents are perceived as warmer, which in turn is related to being seen as hireable. However, this seeming advantage only accrued in more feminine industries and not in masculine industries where women are traditionally underrepresented. This is problematic as these positive outcomes for women with non-native accents may be fueling gender segregation in the workforce and subtly undermining gender equity at work.

Hideg and Shen are also deeply interested in the intersection of diversity and leadership, given the critical role leaders play in organizations both symbolically and strategically. The researchers, alongside their research collaborator, Tanja Hentschel (University of Amsterdam), were curious whether male and female managers led differently through the pandemic. Intriguingly, they have found some evidence that men were more likely than women to act upon their emotions during the pandemic.

For men, when they experienced anxiety, they were more likely to engage in abusive behaviours, and when they experienced hope, they were more likely to engage in family supportive behaviours. In contrast, women leaders generally refrained from abuse and provided family-supportive supervision regardless of their personal feelings. Shen and her collaborators, Shavin Malhotra (University of Waterloo) and Peng Cheng Zhu (University of San Diego), have also explored some of the ongoing challenges faced by female CEOs. They uncovered that while extraversion (e.g., dominance, volubility) was prized and compensated among male CEOs, this was not the case for female CEOs. Additionally, female CEOs’ outside board memberships tended to be devalued relative to those of their male counterparts. Thus, gender equality, even at the highest echelons, continues to be elusive. Hideg’s work has also focused on organizational, social, and government policy aimed at increasing diversity

and inclusion and, more broadly, enabling equal and equitable access to work opportunities for everyone. In one area of research, she sought to understand and overcome the causes of negative reactions and lack of support for employment equity policies. For example, in their collaborative work, Hideg and Anne Wilson (Wilfrid Laurier University) demonstrated that, counterintuitively, reminders of past injustices undermine support for workplace policies promoting women, and that one way to increase that support is to — alongside describing historical injustices — highlight progress in redressing that injustice. Additionally, Hideg and Lance Ferris have also shown how equating fairness with consistency can also be a barrier to support for employment equity policies, but that a change in mindset or dialectical thinking can help to overcome this resistance. Finally, some of Hideg’s earlier research points to participation in policy formulation as an important pathway to gaining support among non-beneficiaries of these policies.

Hideg and Shen, alongside their research collaborator, Tanja Hentschel (University of Amsterdam),

were curious whether male and female managers led differently through the pandemic

For men, when they experienced anxiety, they were more likely to engage in abusive behaviours, and when they experienced hope, they were more likely to engage in family supportive behaviours.

In contrast, women leaders generally refrained from abuse and provided familysupportive supervision regardless of their personal feelings.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 41

A Deep-Dive on Schulich Research Regarding Gender Equality and Diversity in the Workplace

In a related stream of work, Hideg and her former doctoral student Anja Krstic (now Assistant Professor at York University), Raymond Trau (Macquarie University), and Tanya Zarina (Director, Workforce Transformation and Leadership at CIBC) examined the unintended effects of longer maternity leave policies and found that women who took longer (vs. shorter) maternity leaves were seen as less hireable in management positions due to undermined perceptions of their ambition and dedication to work. Critically, they also identified and tested interventions such as organizational Keep-in-Touch policies and supervisor feedback about women’s ambition and dedication that allowed women to take longer maternity leaves and still advance in their careers. This work has been recognized as socially responsible work in management by the Academy of Management and by the Financial Times. In connected work, Hideg and Anja have examined the effects of parental leaves for men

and found that men who take (vs. do not take) parental leaves incur some positive career effects (i.e., being seen as more hireable into leadership roles) due to increased perceptions of being more communal (e.g., warmer, more sensitive to the needs of others). In their work on gender equity, they have started incorporating men’s experiences, as those experiences and men’s social roles (and changes in those roles) are critical for advancing gender equity at work and in our society.

Lastly, the pandemic has exacerbated many inequities, including in the workplace. Together, Hideg and Shen have investigated several issues. In collaboration with current and former graduate students, Anja Krstic, Christianne Varty (Schulich PhD student), and Janice Lam (Schulich PhD student), they examined how increases in cognitive labour, the mental work needed to maintain a household due to the pandemic tended to disproportionately fall to women. In turn, such unequal distributions of cognitive labour within

households contributed to women’s exhaustion and desire to downshift their careers and leave their jobs. This team also sought to give voice to the experiences of Asian, particularly Chinese, workers during the pandemic. Rising xenophobia, given the original epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China, often made these workers the target of uncivil and discriminatory actions. The researchers sought to understand what workplace policies and factors successfully protected these workers from these negative workplace behaviours. Finally, as noted earlier, Hideg and Shen’s focus on dismantling bias and creating a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplace is shared by many of their colleagues at Schulich. That is, there is a strong research focus on these important issues. In addition, supporting and complementing this research focus is the newly formed Committee for Equity and Community at Schulich, which is seeking to implement and advance equity and inclusion principles within the School. *

Hideg and Shen’s focus on dismantling bias and creating a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplace is shared by many of their colleagues at Schulich. That is, there is a strong research focus on these important issues.

Supporting and complementing this research focus is the newly formed Committee for Equity and Community at Schulich, which is seeking to implement and advance equity and inclusion principles within the School.

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Faculty Research Impacts

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 43

FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Schulich Researchers Among World’s Most Cited

Our faculty are the lifeblood of our research program, and the areas of their research are diverse. Many of our faculty have achieved world acclaim for their long-term impact through their research excellence and through the quality of their contributions and their ability to inspire.

One of Schulich’s trademark attributes has always been real-world relevance, and this concept is intertwined in many faculty members’ research programs, outcomes, and impact. Schulich faculty are looking at topics and issues that affect everyday lives across the globe. A large number of faculty conduct research in traditional business areas including corporate finance, management accounting, operations and supply chain management, information systems, strategic management, corporate and social responsibility, business ethics, sustainability, economics, organizational theory, and international business, while several other faculty members are recognized for their research in areas that might be classified as emerging in that these areas often fall outside the traditional fields but address relatively new and important areas of research and practice. Nonetheless, Schulich reaffirms its commitment to being a leader in providing a collaborative, interdisciplinary, and innovative approach to business and management education. Schulich faculty members truly continue to demonstrate leadership and generate a large amount of high-quality research contributions in many fields.

TOP 2% A new study led by a Stanford professor reveals that a number of Schulich faculty members are among the top 2% of most-cited researchers in their field and/or subfield in the world. The study, titled “Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators” and published in PLOS Biology, showed that 12 Schulich professors were among the top 2% most cited researchers in their field and/or subfield in the world in 2019. The Schulich faculty members among the top 2% in 2019 include: • Russell Belk, Professor of Marketing and Kraft Foods Canada Chair in Marketing • Ron Burke (deceased) • Wade Cook, University Professor Emeritus of Operations Management and Information Systems • Charles H. Cho, Professor of Sustainability Accounting and Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability • Eileen Fischer, Professor of Marketing and Anne and Max Tanenbaum Chair in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise

• Matthias Kipping, Professor of Policy and Richard E. Waugh Chair in Business History • Dirk Matten, Professor of Sustainability and Hewlett-Packard Chair in Corporate Social Responsibility • Dean Neu, Professor of Accounting • Christine Oliver, Professor Emeritus of Organization Studies • Robert Phillips, Professor of Sustainability and George R. Gardiner Professor in Business Ethics • Perry Sadorsky, Professor of Sustainability and Economics • Gregory Saxton, Associate Professor of Accounting In addition, nine Schulich professors were among the world’s top 2% most cited researchers in their field and/or subfield over the course of their entire career. The Schulich faculty members among the top 2% for career citations include: • Russell Belk • Ron Burke (deceased) • John Buzacott (Emeritus) • Wade Cook • Matthias Kipping • Dirk Matten • Dean Neu • Christine Oliver • Perry Sadorsky

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OTHER TOP RANKINGS

over the last decade, demonstrated by the production of multiple highly-cited papers that rank in the top 1% by citations for field and year in the Web of Science. Of the world’s scientists and social scientists, Highly Cited Researchers truly are one in 1,000.” Professor Sadorsky is one of only 113 HCRs in his Essential Science Indicator field (Economics and Business) and one of only 183 HCRs from Canada.

Schulich faculty members were also ranked highly in various categories among all researchers in Canada. • Professor Charles H. Cho was the most-cited academic in Canada in the Accounting subfield for 2019. • Professor Dean Neu was the most-cited academic in Canada in the Accounting subfield in the career category. • Professor Russell Belk was the most-cited academic in Canada in the Marketing subfield for both the 2019 and career categories. • In 2021, Perry Sadorsky, Professor of Sustainability and Economics, was awarded the Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher (HCR) in Economics and Business for the third year in a row. According to Clarivate, the award recognizes “the true pioneers in their fields

• Recently, Professor Johnny Rungtusanatham, the Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management, has been recognized for co-authoring one of the top papers in the 50-year history of the Decision Sciences Journal (DSJ). “The severity of supply chain disruptions: Design characteristics and mitigation capabilities”, co-authored by Professor Rungtusanatham, ranks as the #10 most cited paper.

Schulich faculty members are at the forefront of their fields and are increasingly being recognized for their long-term impacts and contributions to management knowledge. What makes Schulich unique is its broad interdisciplinary business and management strengths that the School can build on, the connection with its communities locally, nationally, and globally, and the fact that Schulich is a leader in a number of fields. The School continues to excel and exhibit research excellence, as evidenced by these impressive recognitions and honours.

Schulich faculty among the

Top 2% Russell Belk

Ron Burke

John Buzacott

Wade Cook

Charles H. Cho

Eileen Fischer

Matthias Kipping

Dirk Matten

Dean Neu

Christine Oliver

Robert Phillips

M. Johnny Rungtusanatham

Perry Sadorsky

Gregory Saxton

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 45

FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Schulich Professor Earns Best Industry Studies Paper Honour Moren Lévesque

Moren Lévesque, Schulich Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems (OMIS) and CPA Ontario Chair in International Entrepreneurship, and her colleagues have been chosen as the second-place winners of the prestigious 2021 Ralph Gomory Best Industry Studies Paper Award.

The Production and Operations Management serves as the flagship research journal in operations management in manufacturing and services. The journal publishes scientific research into the problems, interest, and concerns of managers who manage product and process design, operations, and supply chains. The journal is among the Financial Times Top 50 journals used in business school research rankings since the ranking’s inception in the late 1990s.

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Presented by the Industry Studies Association for excellence in industry studies research, the award hopes to encourage a cultural shift among scholars toward explicit recognition of their engagement with industry practitioners and demonstrate the benefits of such interactions for scholarly research. It is often the case that scholars benefit from interactions with industry practitioners in ways that shape the nature of the problems they address, the methodologies employed, and/or the interpretations of their findings. Professor Lévesque proudly quoted a note from the Editor who nominated her co-authored research for this Paper Award, stating that “[m]ulti-method research as you have done is extremely difficult to pull off, particularly with the quality and rigour of this paper.” The study, published in Production and Operations Management, shows that scientific teams in biopharma companies might be allocating too much time to early-stage drug discovery projects that are doomed to fail. “A central feature of drug discovery projects is whether the drug is more of a follower-type or first of its kind,” says Professor Lévesque.

By nature, first-in-class drugs face significantly more risk during their development since they have no predecessors to learn from. “Whether a drug is a follower or first-in-class is not a binary measure, but more like a continuum because it is captured by the number of competitors that engage in the discovery of similar drugs,” remarked Lévesque. “To balance risk and return, biopharmas should favour delaying pulling the plug on those projects in the middle of this continuum.” As also articulated in a March 2021 article published in The Globe and Mail on this study, “[p]harmaceutical industry managers and research team leaders, the authors argue, should discontinue early-stage drugs not just because they aren’t panning out as expected, but also for business reasons relating to their overall portfolios — an approach, they observe, that AstraZeneca adopted after a shake-up of its R&D operations in 2011.” But as Lévesque warns, for established biopharmas with multiple late-stage drug development projects, “the opportunity cost is small enough to warrant taking the risk of hitting a winner” especially if the research is constrained to a small group of scientists.

Professor Lévesque’s main research is embedded in entrepreneurial decision-making. She demonstrates how the strengths of a mathematical approach to theory development can offer a compelling argument for its use in organizational studies and, more specifically, entrepreneurship. Professor Lévesque has had a stellar career that has brought great distinction to the Schulich School of Business. Recruited in 2009, Professor Lévesque played a central role in strengthening the global reputation of the School in the areas of developing state-of-the-art entrepreneurship programs and conducting innovative entrepreneurship research, as well as nurturing national and international research collaborations through her many journal publications, book chapters, and conference proceedings. Professor Lévesque’s main research is embedded in entrepreneurial decision-making. She demonstrates how the strengths of a mathematical approach to theory development can offer a compelling argument for its use in organizational studies and, more specifically, entrepreneurship.

Professor Lévesque is a Senior Research Fellow and served as the Lazaridis Visiting Chair and conducted research in the Lazaridis Institute for the Management of Technology Enterprises at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Canada. She was also a Visiting Professor and Researcher and conducted research at the Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research (ACE) at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia; at the Graduate School of Technology and Innovation Management, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea; and Singapore University of Technology and Design and National University of Singapore, Singapore. Previously, she held the prestigious title of Canada Research Chair in Innovation and Technical Entrepreneurship.

No matter which benchmark of achievement you use — whether the number of publications or the number of various awards and accolades, Lévesque is in an elite class. The award she received is a strong testament to that. She also received the 2021 Academy of Management Entrepreneurship Division’s Dedication to Entrepreneurship Award in recognition of her innovative and impactful contributions to entrepreneurship scholarship, as well as the 2019 Technology, Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship Section (TIMES) Service Award from the Institutes for Operations Management and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) for her continued involvement with the TIMES Section.

ABOUT THE INDUSTRY STUDIES ASSOCIATION In 1990, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation began a program sponsoring academic research on industries through research centres at major universities. The Sloan program grew to include twenty-six centres spanning a broad set of traditional and emerging industries and cross-industry analysis research. Eventually, the list of scholars engaged in related research expanded well beyond the industry centres to include over 1200 Sloan Industry Studies Affiliates. This encouraged the establishment of the Industry Studies Association to advance industry studies scholarships and research, making significant contributions to academic knowledge, industry practice, and public policy.

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FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Schulich Professor’s Research Wins European Finance Association Award Yelena Larkin

In August 2020, Yelena Larkin received a prestigious Pagano-Zechner award for the best non-investments paper published in the Review of Finance journal in 2019–2020. The paper, “Are US Industries Becoming More Concentrated?”, is a joint work with Gustavo Grullon from Rice University and Roni Michaely from the University of Hong Kong. The paper demonstrates that despite popular belief, U.S. markets have become more concentrated over the past two decades. Firms that operate in industries with the largest increase in concentration enjoy wider profit margins, close more profitable M&A deals, and experience better stock returns. Taken together, the results indicate that product markets have

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undergone a structural shift that has potentially weakened competition. Larkin’s ongoing agenda continues investigating the outcomes of product market consolidation. Combined with other evidence, the increase in concentration and higher profit margins, enjoyed primarily by the shareholders, are an alarming sign and are unlikely to be an indicator of overall economic improvement. “Today we live in a world in which a handful of ‘superstar firms’ have grown to dominate their industries,” said Larkin.

“Importantly, this is not a purely high-tech phenomenon: the increase in concentration affects around threequarters of the US industries.” She believes that the outbreak of COVID-19 has only exacerbated the trend, leading to attrition of small businesses, while simultaneously increasing the dominance of large corporations. “This award proves the profession finds my research relevant and impactful. It is precious to know that my excitement and faith in the main message of this research work are recognized and shared by others,” Larkin said.

In 2021, Larkin was invited as an expert witness to present the results of her work in front of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology.

Larkin is currently working on extending this research into multiple directions. First, she is looking at a link between product market competition and CSR. Consumer demand for green products is considered particularly impactful in competitive product markets. However, in the most polluting industries, consumers cannot differentiate across products, making the channel ineffective. Larkin is studying whether competition can still improve environmental policy absent consumer differentiation.

Second, she is studying the implications of concentration on innovation activity. She is attempting to answer this question by looking at the labour market and innovator productivity. Finally, Larkin is expanding the study of product market concentration beyond U.S. markets and examining whether the recent U.S. productmarket consolidation is echoed in the Canadian economic environment. She finds that Canadian stock markets have become more

consolidated, as the number of publicly traded firms on TSX has declined, but their size has grown bigger. In 2021, Larkin was invited as an expert witness to present the results of her work in front of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. This study has also been featured in the Competition Bureau Canada 2021 Competition and Growth Summit discussions and covered by leading media outlets, including The Globe and Mail and Globe Newswire.

ABOUT THE EUROPEAN FINANCE ASSOCIATION The European Finance Association (EFA) was created in 1974 under the auspices of the European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) and in close cooperation with the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM) to foster an international professional society for academics, practitioners, and doctoral students in the greater field of Finance, who are interested in research areas such as financial management and financial theory along with their applications to exchange of ideas, expertise, news and knowledge in Finance at the international level.

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FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Visionary Supply Chain Paper Recognized by Decision Sciences Journal M. Johnny Rungtusanatham

Schulich Professor, M. Johnny Rungtusanatham, co-authored “Historical Supplier Performance and Strategic Relationship Dissolution: Unintentional but Serious Supplier Error as a Moderator” with Yi-Su Chen from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and Susan Meyer Goldstein from the University of Minnesota. The paper was recognized as a 2019 Best Paper Finalist from Decision Sciences.

Decision Sciences, the flagship journal of the Decision Sciences Institute, a global society of business school academics creating and disseminating knowledge to improve managerial decisions, is considered an A* journal on the ABDC Journal Quality List.

Decision Sciences Journal is a premier business research publication with international visibility and impact which addresses contemporary business problems primarily focused on operations, supply chain and information systems and simultaneously provide novel managerial and/or theoretical insights.

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Rungtusanatham is a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management, Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems, and Fellow of the Decision Sciences Institute. He is considered to be one of the top 50 authors of research in operations and supply chain management, according to a 2021 Decision Sciences article titled, “OM Research: Leading Authors and Institutions” (Volume 52, Issue 1, pp. 8-75) as well as a 2019 article appearing in Supply Chain Management: An International Journal titled, “SCM Research Leadership: The Ranked Agents and Their Networks” (Volume 24, Issue 6, pp. 821-854). A 2015 article published in the International Journal of Production Research titled, “Twenty-Six Years of Operations Management Research (1985 – 2010): Authorship Patterns and Research Constituents in Eleven Top Rated Journals” (Volume 53,

Issue 20, pp. 6161-6197), identifies Rungtusanatham in a listing of Top 100 individual researchers with the greatest overall contribution to the field of Operations Management. According to Rungtusanatham, conventional wisdom based on research from various business disciplines urges sourcing firms to develop, foster, and maintain strong relationships with strategic suppliers. However, strategic buyer-supplier relationships, not unlike marriages, do fail. For critical-component sourcing situations, it is thus important to understand how and why sourcing firm versus supplying firm decisions and actions may weaken strategic relationship ties unintentionally and put these ties on a path to being prematurely broken. “This article is one publication from my ongoing research into managing for supply disruptions. It focuses squarely on decisions that sourcing firms should not take because these decisions may trigger interruptions in the flow of physical supply,” says Rungtusanatham. The research itself is a follow-up to the 2013 article Rungtusanatham published in the Journal of Operations Management,

Rungtusanatham explains that this Decision Sciences article also motivated research published in another Journal of Operations Management article in which Rungtusanatham and colleagues examine the role that anger plays in supplier termination decisions after occurrences of supply disruptions triggered by supplier-controllable events. in which he and his co-authors invoked ‘divorce’ as a theoretical metaphor to better understand strategic buyer-supplier relationship dissolution. Rungtusanatham explains that this Decision Sciences article also motivated research published in another Journal of Operations Management article in which Rungtusanatham and colleagues examine the role that anger plays in supplier termination decisions after occurrences of supply disruptions triggered by supplier-controllable events. The Journal of Operations Management, also an A* journal on the ABDC Journal Quality List, is on the Financial Times 50 journal list used to rank MBA, EMBA, and Online MBA Programs. The research deploys a scenariobased role-playing experiment using vignettes, an under-used data collection method in the supply chain management discipline. It took

approximately eight months to design the experiment properly and another eight months to recruit 256 actual sourcing professionals to complete the experiment. Rungtusanatham is grateful, saying, “The Institute for Supply Management supported our research logistically and financially. The experiment was conducted in 10 different cities in the US in faceto-face settings.” One key finding is the positive supplier performance penalty effect. Consider a critical-component supplier with a history of stellar supply performance (A) and one with a history of marginally acceptable supply performance (B). Suppose Supplier A commits an error that impacts the sourcing firm negatively (e.g., product failure harming consumers). Suppose Supplier B commits the same error with the same negative impact for the sourcing firm. For such a situation, Supplier A and Supplier B are likely to face

termination by the sourcing firm. But, interestingly, the likelihood of being terminated is markedly higher for Supplier A than for Supplier B. A history of stellar supply performance may be driving up sourcing firm expectations and setting them up for greater disappointment when a supplier with an excellent track record unexpectedly makes an honest mistake. Rungtusanatham concludes with this advice, “Our research cautions sourcing firms to avoid falling into the trap of escalating supply performance expectations. When these expectations are not met, the wrong decision to terminate a critical-component supplier with stellar past supply performance may be prematurely reached. Criticalcomponent suppliers who consistently exceed sourcing expectations, of course, must avoid mistakes and be proactive in managing sourcing firm expectations about their performance.”

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FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

A Schulich Professor Goes to Hollywood Moshe A. Milevsky

Schulich Professor Moshe A. Milevsky has made his Hollywood debut in “The Baby Boomer Dilemma: An Exposé of America’s Retirement Experiment.” The movie reveals the shocking risks around retirement savings in America and provides a troubling reality check for many of us who expect a safe retirement income in our future.

As part of his responsibilities, Moshe helped the governor and his cabinet design a menu of annuity products to substitute for the loss of insurance embedded inside the DB plan.

In January 1999, the Republican Jeb Bush was elected governor of the State of Florida and one of his top priorities at the time was to effectively privatize the state’s Defined Benefit (DB) pension system, which is similar to the Canadian Pension Plan (CPP). The governor’s plan was to give all workers and employees of the state a choice of converting their accumulated benefit into an individual investment account — akin to a selfdirected RRSP in Canada — or they could remain in the existing DB plan and draw their irreversible lifetime pension at retirement. The governor wanted everyone to have a choice. And so, over a period of 18 months, hundreds of thousands of state employees had to make this choice, a ‘baby boomer dilemma’ of sorts, on what to do with possibly thousands of retirement dollars, perhaps the largest sum of money many had seen in their entire life. Should they take the pension annuity for life or take the cash and invest themselves? This Florida dilemma is a microcosm of a global retirement challenge: how do you finance a life of unknown length?

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And, while this dilemma might not sound like a great script for a movie, this famous episode in Florida’s retirement history has now made it to the big screen under a PG-rated movie released in late 2021 called The Baby Boomer Dilemma, produced and directed by Doug Orchard. At the time of this dilemma, the State of Florida hired Schulich Professor Moshe A. Milevsky to consult on retirement “engineering options” that should be made available to retirees in the individual investment account, including life annuities, for which he was a world-renowned expert. As part of his responsibilities, he helped the governor and his cabinet design a menu of annuity products to substitute for the loss of insurance embedded inside the DB plan. It was only natural for the movie producer to ask Professor Milevsky to recount his role and narrate his involvement with Florida’s plan during the research and filming of the movie. The original intent was to have him consult with the production team ‘on set’, but he ended up being placed in front of the camera. He has a substantial role in the film together with other experts that had been hired

“ It’s gratifying that my work and expertise in this area was recognized beyond the narrow confines of state legislatures or academia [and that] as a Canadian, appearing in a US-based movie production is an added coup.” MOSHE A. MILEVSKY

by the state, such as Stanford Professor William Sharpe, MIT Professor Robert Merton, as well as Wharton Professors Olivia Mitchel and David Babbel. The movie is now screening in theatres across the US but is especially popular in Florida where this dilemma took place. The main message of the movie, which should be available in the next few months on various screening platforms, is that the decision of what to do with your accumulated money at retirement is fraught with challenges and should not be taken lightly. This is especially important in an era in which the other main source of personal wealth is locked up in housing, leaving very little wiggle room for financial mistakes. When asked to comment on his role in the movie, Professor Milevsky noted that “it’s gratifying that my work and expertise in this area was recognized beyond the narrow confines of state legislatures or academia” and that “as a Canadian, appearing in a USbased movie production is an added coup.” Although he now has an official and single IMDB entry, he said that “like millions of other actors, it’s likely to be my only film credit and my agent hasn’t called with any other roles.”

The movie is now screening in theatres across the US but is especially popular in Florida where this dilemma took place.

ABOUT MOSHE A. MILEVSKY Moshe A. Milevsky is a leading authority on the intersection of wealth management, finance, and insurance. He is an Associate Editor of the top scholarly journal Insurance: Mathematics and Economics and Journal of Pension Economics and Finance. He was recently named by Investment Advisor magazine as one of the 35 most influential people in the U.S. financial advisory business during the last 35 years. He is the recipient of the Kulp-Wright Book Award from the American Risk and Insurance Association for his 2017 book, King William’s Tontine: Why the Retirement Annuity of the Future Should Resemble its Past. A prolific author and researcher, Milevsky has now published 17 books that have been translated into six languages and over 70 peer-reviewed scholarly papers as well as hundreds of popular articles and blog pieces. In addition to being an award-winning scholar, he is a fin-tech entrepreneur with a number of U.S. patents and computational innovations in the retirement income space.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 53

FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Mainstreaming History in Management Research: A Dialogue Matthias Kipping

Schulich Policy Professor and Richard E. Waugh Chair in Business History Matthias Kipping’s recently released book, History in Management and Organization Studies: From Margin to Mainstream, presents a comprehensive and integrated view of how history has informed management research with a focus on organizational theory and strategy. The book was co-authored with Professor Behlül Üsdiken from Özyeğin University. To provide some background on this achievement, Professors Kipping and Üsdiken sat together to have a dialogue.

Matthias: Thanks, Behlül, for agreeing to join in this dialogue, trying to familiarize the readers of Schulich’s Spotlight on Research with our book on History in Management and Organization Studies: From Margin to Mainstream. If I had to say what this book is trying to do, it is to take stock of the many ways that “history”, broadly defined, has become more central to management researchers. And by mapping out systematically what research there is, we also wanted to allow current and new scholars to see where their work would fit on that map, how their actual or possible contributions help put history into the mainstream of research on management and organizations, as the book’s sub-title suggests. Your take? Professor Kipping’s new book provides a historical roadmap on management research.

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Behlül: Yes, the idea of a systematic overview was certainly important for us. It also influenced the style of the book, which, as I think I said in one of our frequent back-and-forth exchanges when writing it, consists of “one damn reference after another.” This means it might exhaust those

trying to read it from the front to the back cover, and it should be used more like a manual to dive into one of the many “research programs”, as we called them, where history plays a role. The number of those research programs is quite impressive, which is why we sub-titled our article in The Academy of Management Annals (2014), where we first developed our systematic framework, “More than meets the eye”. Matthias: True, the Annals article was crucial, because we developed the main distinction also used in this book between “history to theory” and “history in theory” based on the recognition that an effort to theorize is fundamental to all management research. The former refers to those research programs that use historical data, both quantitative and qualitative, to develop, elaborate or test theories, with ecological approaches probably the most obvious example. The latter incorporates the past into the theory itself like “path dependence” or the now hugely popular “imprinting”.

The book is intended for anybody conducting or planning to conduct historical research within management and organization studies, and aims, in particular, at becoming a standard feature of research methods courses in business schools and departments of management. Behlül: And what we did in the book was to elaborate on each of these more, also showing how they developed over time, their own “history”, so to speak. Matthias: We also included some examples, didn’t we, that started with a lot of promise, where history was central, such as Labour Process Theory, but where, subsequently, research became less and less historical. Recently, though, there has been an effort among management scholars to rehabilitate scientific management, which had been eclipsed by the Human Relations school. Behlül: However, in the big picture, what is important and what we clearly show in the book is that management history, important during the first half of the 20th century, became sidelined and remained marginal following the “scientistic turn” of US business schools since the 1950s, which moved management research closer to a natural science or engineering model. Matthias: … and it was the growing discontent with this model, its timeless theories, and the related use of crosssectional data that prompted some

scholars to call for more attention to the humanities, including history, with one programmatic article asking for a “historic turn” in organization studies — an expression ambiguous enough to act as a unifying theme for ultimately quite diverse efforts. But let’s not dwell on the past, our book is also about the future. Behlül: Yes, our book also tries to suggest where there is potential to anchor “history” more solidly and permanently in the mainstream. Much of this depends on the increasing acceptance of qualitative data in management and organization studies. Though, as we highlight in the book, some of the research programs with the biggest potential such as, broadly defined, process organization studies, make little use of “history” as data, relying mainly on ethnography and/or interviews. Matthias: This might be because these are already more widely accepted as research methods, despite their well-known limitations, and that doing history, i.e., going into archives and making sense of a large and diverse, yet at times incomplete body of mainly written documents, is time consuming

and more difficult to justify. And there is the obligation to reduce the inherent richness of the evidence to fit into a journal article. Behlül: Indeed, that is one reason a majority of the rare examples of what we considered the “ideal” combination of history and theory are published in book form. This combination displays what we call “historical cognizance” in that it uses historical cases and data to elucidate more general phenomena but recognizes the limitations of theorizing by acknowledging the importance of context — identifying boundary conditions for and as part of generalizations. Matthias: Yes, that’s the thing about history, as Mark Twain is supposed to have stated: it does not repeat but often rhymes. Thus, it would be good if management scholars would aim less for timeless theories but recognize their contingent, contextualized nature. One way to do that might be collaboration, like you as an organizational theorist with an interest in history and me as a historian with an interest in theory did for this book — which is itself the culmination of a long history of joint efforts.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Matthias Kipping (left) is Professor of Policy and Richard E. Waugh Chair in Business History at the Schulich School of Business, York University in Toronto, Canada. He obtained his doctorate at the University of Munich in Germany and held previous positions in the UK and Spain. Behlül Üsdiken (right) is an Emeritus Professor at Sabanci University and an Adjunct Professor of Management and Organization at Özyeğin University, both in Istanbul, Turkey. He received his PhD degree from the University of Istanbul.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 55

FACULTY RESEARCH IMPACTS

Schulich Professor Wins Best Book Award Gregory Saxton

Schulich Accounting Professor, Gregory D. Saxton, was awarded the 2021 Public and Nonprofit Division’s Best Book Award. Saxton’s book, The Quest for Attention: Nonprofit Advocacy in a Social Media Age, co-authored with Chao Guo from the University of Pennsylvania, seeks to reveal the mechanisms and ramifications of a new model for nonprofit advocacy in the social media era.

Saxton. He is a big proponent of the view that an organization must ensure that it has an audience and that its voice is heard by that audience; it must ensure that current and potential supporters are paying attention before expecting more tangible outcomes.

“It’s such an honour to receive this year’s book award,” expressed Saxton. “The book represents the culmination of a stream of research we started almost a decade ago, so to see this work recognized by our peers is extremely satisfying.”

Saxton is also a strong believer in the idea that “Big Data and data analytics are essential for boosting our understanding of the nonprofit and social sector. That this type of work is so relevant to Schulich’s social responsibility mission is just one reason why I love being a member of the Schulich community.” He is an ardent supporter of using the Python programming language as a primary analytics tool to gather, process, analyze, and visualize data.

Saxton has long been interested in charitable organizations. His social science background initially sparked a concern for how nonprofits were using social media to help achieve policy change. “I’m fascinated by how organizations can cut through the ‘noise’, gain the public’s attention, and then leverage that attention to achieve strategic advocacy outcomes,” said

With the increasing importance of business analytics, Saxton is a part of a Schulich community heavily engaged in studying Big Data and society.

In addition to nonprofit organizations, Saxton uses data analytics skills to conduct research on corporate social responsibility, accounting ethics, and the capital markets. With PhDs in both Political Science and Accounting, and tenure achieved in three different disciplines (Public Administration, Communication, and Accounting), he is able to make connections across disciplines and incorporate new concepts, methods, and data analysis techniques that place his research at the forefront of the accounting field. In addition to his recent book, he has published 53 journal articles in his career thus far, including 10 in the premier FT 50 journals over the past seven years. “The support staff at Schulich have been critical in helping me get external funding for my research,” stated Saxton. “Schulich has provided a real boost to my productivity and impact, and I feel grateful to be part of this community.”

ABOUT THE PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT: A DIVISION OF AOM The Public and Nonprofit Division of the Academy of Management brings together scholars, managers, and students to study decision making, strategy, organizational behaviour and human resource management, and political behaviour; collaborations among public, nonprofit, and private organizations; organizational networks involving public and nonprofit organizations; public policy; and the social and ethical dimensions of public and nonprofit activity and continues to shape a large share of modern management thought.

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Faculty News

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 57

New Schulich Faculty Isik Bicer

I S I K B IC E R Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Research Interests • Supply Chain Analytics • Uncertainty Modelling • Optimization Under Uncertainty

Isik is Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems. Prior to joining the Schulich School of Business, he was a faculty member at the Rotterdam School of Management of Erasmus University in the Netherlands. He holds a PhD degree in Operations Management from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Isik’s research focuses on supply chain analytics and supply chain finance. He uses methods from quantitative finance, optimization theory, statistics, and stochastic modelling to develop supply chain models that aim to reduce the mismatches between supply and demand. He also carries out research to improve the financial sustainability of companies by focusing on the effective deployment of supply chain finance tools. His research appeared in the top operations management journals, such as Production and Operations Management and Journal of Operations Management, and some practitioner outlets such as Harvard Business Review and Forbes. The analytical tools developed as the outcome of his research have been implemented in companies in the pharmaceutical, automotive, consumer packaged goods, and agriculture industries. Isik brings a new approach to the supply chain analytics field by modelling the uncertainty. Digital transformation of operations includes two main analytical components: (1) Predictive analytics and (2) Prescriptive analytics. The predictive analytics component aims to forecast demand values in future. This information is later used in the prescriptive analytics component to improve the operational decisions of supply chain executives. The way the data is collected for demand forecasting is subject to some inefficiencies, such that important information is lost due to data aggregation. Isik uses some advanced analytical methods, such as the Fast Fourier Transform, to avoid the loss of information. He strongly believes that if the loss of information is avoided in the predictive analytics models, the value of analytical applications in supply chains would be magnified. Please see his recent publication at HBR for more information about this approach and its successful application in a company: https://hbr.org/2022/01/using-uncertainty-modeling-tobetter-predict-demand.

Alexander Coutts

A L EXA N D E R CO UTTS Assistant Professor of Economics

Research Interests • Behavioural Economics • Development Economics • Experimental Economics

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Alexander Coutts is Assistant Professor of Economics. His primary area of research is behavioural economics, using field and lab experiments to understand broad interactions between information, beliefs, and behaviour. His research has been published in journals such as American Economic Review, Experimental Economics, Games and Economic Behavior, and the Journal of Development Economics. During his PhD at New York University, he specialized in experimental economics (studying the role of optimism and overconfidence in belief-updating) and development economics (studying patterns of cooperation in rural villages). In addition to his PhD, Alexander holds an MA from Queen’s University and a BA from the University of British Columbia. Prior to joining Schulich, he was a faculty member at the Nova School of Business and Economics (Portugal). There, he worked with the NOVAFRICA knowledge center, utilizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate how information affects beliefs and behaviour in the context of the political resource curse in Mozambique and health in Guinea-Bissau. In ongoing research, Alexander studies motivated beliefs, and how belief formation and updating may lead to overconfidence, optimism, and discrimination. In a current project recently funded by SSHRC, he focuses on applying principles from behavioural economics and psychology to study awareness about racial bias. In other ongoing work, he focuses on attribution biases in how individuals update their beliefs about performance when there are other factors to potentially blame. A final related strand of research involves studying gender bias in feedback and attribution. All of this research is made possible through the work of outstanding co-authors working at several different universities. Alexander has taught a wide range of courses including microeconomics, game theory, behavioural economics, and development economics. He enjoys teaching at different levels, from undergraduate to doctoral, and has experience teaching to audiences in different fields: economics, finance, management, law, and general business.

Vibhuti Dhingra

VIB HUTI D HIN GR A Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Research Interests • Public Sector Operations • Supply Chain Management

Vibhuti Dhingra is Assistant Professor in the Operations Management and Information Systems area at the Schulich School of Business. She received her PhD in Management Science from the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia. Her research interests are in data-driven analytics and incentive problems, with applications to supply chains and public sector operations. Her work has been published in premier academic journals, including Management Science and the European Journal of Operations Research. She also excels in the classroom and has won a university-wide award for teaching excellence during her PhD. One area of Vibhuti’s research studies how multinational firms can manage their “reputational risk” when engaging with potentially unethical suppliers. Multinationals typically have a complex and widely dispersed supply chain network and cannot always observe the actions of their suppliers. Most of these suppliers are in extremely competitive environments and face immense pressure to cut costs and meet tight production deadlines. This can cause them to adopt questionable business practices that benefit them but may impose a reputational cost on the downstream multinational. Vibhuti’s research proposes a contract design that firms can use to incentivize their suppliers to act responsibly and shows that it can outperform conventional strategies such as dual-sourcing or non-compliance penalties. Her current research studies project management through a data-driven lens. By collecting and analyzing large datasets on public infrastructure projects, her work sheds new light on why projects perform poorly. Using econometric methods and theoretical analysis, she estimates the causal effect of contractor payment terms and network disruptions on project delays. Her work offers guidelines to improve project performance by considering the contractors’ financial conditions and network linkages.

Pouyan Foroughi

P O UYA N F O R O UG H I Assistant Professor of Finance

Research Interests • Corporate Finance • Corporate Governance • Financial Institutions

Pouyan Foroughi is Assistant Professor of Finance. Pouyan received his PhD in Finance from Carroll School of Management at Boston College. Before Pouyan joined Schulich, he spent two years as an Assistant Professor of Finance at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Pouyan’s primary research interests are in the areas of empirical corporate finance, corporate governance, and the role of financial institutions in capital markets. In his previous works, he has shown how the organizational characteristics of hedge fund activists and their connections to other financial institutions could impact the governance practices of target companies and the outcome of their activist campaigns. In another study, he finds that firms in the same networks tend to have similar corporate governance practices. In this study, Pouyan finds support for the existence of peer effect in the adoption of antitakeover provisions. His ongoing research focuses on the opportunistic trading by insiders and the role of institutional shareholders in adopting pro-environmental policies by corporate managers. In his most recent work, he studies the impact of exposure to air pollution on the engagement of mutual funds with portfolio companies on environmental issues. He finds that higher air pollution in a mutual fund’s location increases the propensity of the fund to vote in support of environmental proposals and to liquidate its holdings of portfolio firms with higher emissions. These results suggest that a mutual fund’s direct exposure to pollution can play a crucial role in motivating the fund’s environmental engagements. Pouyan’s research has won best paper awards at the WFA-CFAR conference, Western Finance Association (WFA), and Midwest Finance Association (MFA). His research has been published in the Review of Financial Studies and Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. Pouyan’s teaching interests include Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. He has taught several courses at Schulich, including Introduction to Finance (FINE 2000) (graduate and undergraduate levels), Managerial Finance (FINE 5200), and is scheduled to teach PhD Seminar in Corporate Finance (FINE 7200).

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New Schulich Faculty

Ivona Hideg

I VO N A HIDE G Associate Professor and Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies

Research Interests • Gender equity and diversity in the workplace • Reactions to and support for diversity policies promoting women and racialized workers • Underrepresentation of women in leadership positions • Men and their experiences and roles in the context of gender equity • Accent/language and socio-economic status-based diversity in organizations

Ivona Hideg is Associate Professor and Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies. Prior to joining Schulich, she was a Research Fellow with the Women and Public Policy Program (WAPPP) at the Harvard Kennedy School and Canada Research Chair (Tier II) in Organizational Leadership at the Lazaridis School of Business and Economics at Wilfrid Laurier University. She is currently serving as an Associate Editor at the Academy of Management Journal. Ivona’s main program of research includes workplace equity, diversity, and inclusion. In her work, she focuses on gender but also examines issues surrounding race, language, and socio-economic background diversity. Her research has been published in leading journals, such as, Academy of Management Journal (AMJ), Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (OBHDP), and Psychological Science; and it has been featured in major media outlets including Harvard Business Review, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, New York Times, and Globe and Mail. Her work has been recognized by external awards, including the 2019 Distinguished Winner of the Responsible Research in Management Award sponsored by the Academy of Management Fellows and co-sponsored by the Responsible Research in Business and Management for her work on the impacts of maternity leaves on women’s careers. She received the Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Science, and her work is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). She consulted for the federal government of Canada on parental leave policies and the recruitment of women into the Canadian Armed Forces and served on the Board of Directors of Focus for Ethnic Women, a non-profit organization that helps immigrant women navigate the Canadian workplace. She holds a PhD from the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto. She loves working with collaborators across the globe, and she was honoured with visiting professorships at Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Amsterdam Business School, the RMIT in Melbourne, and the University of Western Australia. Ivona is also a proud mom of two young children!

Raha Imanirad

R A HA IM A N IR A D Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Research Interests • Healthcare Operations Management • Performance Measures • Data Envelopment Analysis

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Raha Imanirad is Assistant Professor of Operations Management in the Operations Management and Information Systems area. Her research interests are broadly centred on understanding how operational improvements can be made in service systems, with a particular emphasis on healthcare delivery systems. In her research, she utilizes data-driven methods to derive insights into how organizations can make operational improvements in order to achieve better outcomes. Her current research investigates how operational choices in healthcare settings affect physician performance. Specifically, this stream of research provides insights into Emergency Department (ED) physician performance and sheds light on potential ways to improve physician performance through efficient and effective physician scheduling. The methodological foundation upon which her other stream of research rests is a benchmarking tool called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The essential idea behind DEA is how to conduct a relative comparison of a set of independent decision-making units such as a set of hospitals or emergency wards in hospitals. In such settings, a number of important questions arise: how to identify the best performing units; how to create the efficient frontier containing those best performers; and how to measure the improvements that non-best performers would have to make in order to reach the efficient frontier. In her research, she identifies a number of interesting problems that go beyond the original DEA model. In particular, her work has extended the original DEA methodology to cases where the use of the conventional approach is not applicable. Her work has appeared in Operations Research, European Journal of Operational Research, Annals of Operations Research, and Naval Research Logistics.

Guangrui (Kayla) Li

G UA N G R UI (KAY L A ) LI Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Research Interests • Social Media and Online Platforms • Policy Making in Social Media

Guangrui (Kayla) Li is Assistant Professor of the Operations Management and Information Systems area. She received her PhD degree from the School of Business and Management at the University of Hong Kong Science and Technology. Her research is motivated by the prevalence of social media platforms and online communities. Given the wide reach of these platforms, even minor changes in the platform design/policy would lead to significant impacts. Meanwhile, an enormous number of platform users generate a huge amount of data, which brings statistical challenges when using such “big data”. Her research tries to answer these questions: (1) the impacts of platform design/policy and (2) the statistical challenge brought by big data. The overarching goal of the first stream is to understand the impact of platform design/ policy on various issues. She has two broad research objectives in this research stream. The first objective is to understand the impacts of the behaviour of artificial intelligence systems on social media platforms. Machines powered by artificial intelligence increasingly mediate our social, cultural, economic, and political interactions. Understanding the behaviour of artificial intelligence systems is essential to our ability to control their actions, reap their benefits and minimize their harms. She focuses on one specific artificial intelligence system — the ranking algorithm and its impacts in a specific context — social media platforms. Her research examines how the implementation of the ranking algorithm on social media platform influence users’ content generation and patience. The second objective is to understand the impact of platform policy on the generation of WOM and rating bias. She investigates whether a restriction policy could solve review bombing and lead to less biased rating scores. The second research stream is to address the statistical challenges caused by the prevalence of an extremely large sample in academic research. This project tries to deal with the ‘deflated p value’ problem, and the role of prediction versus explanation, in big data research. This paper has been accepted by Transactions on Management Information Systems.

Majid Majzoubi

M A JID MA JZO UB I Assistant Professor of Organization Studies

Research Interests • • • • • • •

Strategic Positioning Audience Evaluations Optimal Distinctiveness Artificial Intelligence Organization Theory Organizational Identity Organizational Change

Majid Majzoubi’s research is on the interface between audiences and organizations. Majid draws on strategic management, organizational theory, and socio-cognitive foundations of social judgments to study how firms’ positioning claims influence their audience evaluations. His focus is on how firms can use machine learning algorithms to improve their audience ratings and evaluations through strategic positioning. In our connected world of today, firms are increasingly being rated, ranked, and evaluated. Audience ratings command a significant influence on firms’ success prospects. The advance of artificial intelligence and the availability of big data allows for a nuanced investigation of audiences’ individualized categorization schema and evaluation criteria. Through a series of studies, he uses machine learning algorithms to examine the subtleties of a dynamic strategic positioning strategy in light of a heterogeneous audience and in categories with multiple comparison benchmarks. He explores (1) how identity change affects audience evaluations, (2) how market positioning affects audiences’ benchmark selection, and (3) how firms could use machine learning to strategically position themselves. His papers are under various stages of review at the Academy of Management Journal and Strategic Management Journal. In addition to research, Majid is highly passionate about teaching and interacting with the ambitious students at Schulich. His background in Computer Science and Technology allows him to integrate a business mindset with the latest technological trends and deliver a class that bridges theory and practice. Majid has received his PhD in Strategic Management from the University of Washington in Seattle and his MBA from the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Having recently moved to Toronto, he has been amazed by the cultural diversity and the great food scene. When not working, Majid enjoys swimming and cycling.

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New Schulich Faculty

Aleksandra Rzeźnik

A L EKSA N DR A R Z E Ź NIK Assistant Professor of Finance

Research Interests • • • • •

Institutional Investors Financial Fragility Liquidity Asset Pricing Sustainability

Aleksandra Rzeźnik is Assistant Professor of Finance. She was an assistant professor of finance at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. She received her PhD in Finance from the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark and her BA and MA in International Business Administration from the Viadrina University in Germany. During her PhD studies and assistant professorship in Vienna, she frequently visited the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management. Aleksandra is an applied financial economist with broad research interests in asset pricing. She is especially interested in the threats to financial stability coming from nonbank financial institutions like mutual funds. She is currently working on several projects analyzing the effect of specialized demand, peer fragility, and mutual fund monitoring activities on asset prices and their liquidity. In addition, Aleksandra is also interested in issues of sustainability in the financial markets. Specifically, together with her co-authors (Loriana Pelizzon and Kathleen Weiss Hanley), she explores an exogenous shock to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings and assesses investor and price responses to the sudden shifts in the ESG ratings. The results show that investors’ blind reliance on ratings, particularly retail investors, may result in suboptimal investment decisions that exert transitory price pressure on affected stocks. Aleksandra’s work has been published in Review of Finance and presented at major finance conferences including AFA, EFA, NFA, and FMA. Aleksandra is also a principal investigator on a project funded by SSHRC Insight Development Grant in 2020. Aleksandra’s teaching interest includes asset pricing, investments, and active portfolio management. She is currently teaching FINE3200 to BA students and asset pricing part of FINE7300 to PhD students of Schulich. In her free time, she loves jogging, playing tennis, and watching independent foreign films.

Divinus Oppong-Tawiah

D I V I NUS O P P O N G -TAWIA H Assistant Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Research Interests • Digital Platforms • IT Adoption and Innovation • Design Science • Network Science • Gamification Systems • Green IT

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Divinus holds a PhD in Information Systems from McGill University and researches how new technologies evolve organizational forms and practices and shape digitally enabled organizational work. He studies these concepts in contexts such as IT innovation in digital platforms; collective intelligence and open innovation in online communities; and sustainable organizational IT practices, using a variety of empirical methods: network science, data science, design science, econometric analysis, randomized controlled trials, and quasiexperimental causal inference methods. Overall, his research aims to deepen understanding of how organizations leverage information systems and information technologies to innovate, compete and survive in the digital economy. At Schulich, he teaches graduate courses in Business Application of AI, Information Systems and Data Analytics.

Winny Shen

W IN N Y SHE N Associate Professor of Organization Studies

Research Interests • • • • • • •

Diversity Inclusion Leadership Meta-Analysis Understaffing Work-Life Balance Worker Well-Being

Winny Shen is Associate Professor of Organization Studies. An organizational psychologist by training, she received her PhD from the University of Minnesota in 2011 and was named by the Association for Psychological Science (APS) as a Rising Star in 2016. Prior to joining Schulich, she was a faculty at the University of South Florida and the University of Waterloo. One of the most rewarding aspects of her career has been working with students; to date, she has had the pleasure of supervising or co-supervising five PhD dissertations, seven master theses, and nine undergraduate honours theses. What drove Winny to become a management professor was her desire for more organizations to be inclusive, productive, and healthy. In an effort to realize this goal, her current research interests center on three domains and their intersections: diversity and inclusion, leadership, and worker health and well-being. For example, she has explored barriers to leadership among women and racial minorities, how abusive leadership behaviours harm the well-being of both the leader and their followers, and workplace stressors that tend to disproportionately affect minority workers (e.g., discrimination; imposter syndrome). This work has been supported by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and appeared in top journals in psychology and management, such as the Journal of Applied Psychology, Psychological Science, Academy of Management Journal, and the Journal of Management. Her research has also received the Saroj Parasuraman Award for outstanding publication on gender and diversity in organizations and the Andre Bussing Memorial Prize for early-career research in occupational health psychology. Finally, Winny actively strives to bridge the science-practice gap in business by speaking to policymakers, appearing in the media, and teaching evidence-based practices to her students.

Luke Zhu

LUK E ZHU Associate Professor of Organization Studies

Research Interests • • • • •

Business Ethics Diversity Moral Identity Organizational Justice Perception of Artificial Intelligence

Luke Zhu is Associate Professor of Organization Studies. He received his PhD degree from the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia and a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto. Before joining Schulich, Luke was Associate Professor of Business Administration at the Asper School of Business at the University of Manitoba. Luke’s research addresses some of our society’s most pressing challenges, such as discrimination and moral decision making. For example, his research that moral judgments of persons and acts can be dissociated from one another suggests that sometimes it takes a bad person to do the right thing, which found that when a leader chooses a consequentialist course of action by sacrificing one individual to save a greater number of lives, they are praised for their action but nonetheless seen as deficient in moral character. His research on discrimination focuses on revealing the various factors that give rise to, perpetuate, and exacerbate discrimination. For example, one of his research projects found that people’s desire to justify the socio-political system leads them to support whatever ideologies accessible in their social environment, even if those ideologies run counter to the maintenance of group hierarchy. This research makes a major contribution to our understanding of the motivational underpinnings of ideologies by distinguishing the motive to justify the system from wanting to maintain the social hierarchy, two motives often treated as interchangeable but which Luke’s research demonstrates are not. These findings also shed light on why people’s ideological commitments can seem so inconsistent and fleeting. On the topic of discrimination, Luke’s research has also contributed several novel interventions to reduce biased judgments of women and racial minorities, such as the activation of a calculative mindset. Luke has published 20 publications in some of the most prestigious outlets, such as the Journal of Applied Psychology, which is regarded as the flagship outlet in Industrial/ Organizational psychology as rated by 217 academics (Zickar and Highhouse, 2000), Cognition, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a multidisciplinary scientific journal that acknowledges only the most important scientific endeavours. Beyond academia, Luke’s research has been featured in many world-class media outlets such as The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the New York Times.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 63

New Full Professors Schulich faculty members are leading scholars from the world’s best universities. Their award-winning research is recognized globally. They are at the forefront of their fields and are increasingly being acknowledged for their long-term impacts and contributions to management education and research. Six members of Schulich’s faculty have recently been advanced in position from Associate Professor to Professor.

Marcia Annisette

M AR C I A A N N ISE TTE Professor of Accounting

Research Keywords • Accounting — Globalization • Accounting — History • Accounting — Immigration • Accounting Institutions

64 Schulich School of Business

Marcia Annisette is Professor of Accounting. Her major research interest is in the social organization of the accountancy profession, and her research seeks to understand the strategies deployed by professional accounting bodies to differentiate themselves and achieve monopoly or elite status in the market for expert accounting labour. Her research has an international breadth and includes studies of the profession in Ireland, England, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada. Her research is also historically and sociological informed highlighting how national bases of social exclusion such as religion, social class, race, nationality or immigration status, interact with professional structures to achieve professional closure. Marcia’s work has been published in top academic journals, including Accounting Organizations and Society; Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal; and Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Several of her works are considered accounting classics and have contributed to the establishment of new streams of research within the interdisciplinary accounting paradigm. Marcia has received several awards for her scholarly work, including: the 1999 the Basel Yamey Prize for the best article for the year published in Accounting History Review; the 2008 Outstanding Paper Award at the Literati Network Awards for Excellence for her paper published in Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management and the 2011 and 2016 Highly Commended Award in the Mary Parker Follett Manuscript Award for articles published in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal. She is currently Co-Editor-in-Chief of Accounting Organizations and Society, an FT 50 journal; was Co-Editor-in-Chief of Critical Perspectives in Accounting (2009 – 2018) and currently sits on the editorial boards of 9 other academic accounting journals. She has previously held academic appointments at universities in England, the USA, Spain, and Trinidad and Tobago. Currently, Marcia is the School’s Associate Dean Academic, prior to which she was the Associate Dean Students (2013 – 2020). She is the founding director of the Master of Accounting, was its program director from 2011 – 2020 and oversaw CPA Ontario’s initial accreditation of the MAcc and subsequent re-accreditations of the program.

Chris Bell

C HR IS B E L L Professor of Organization Studies

Research Keywords • • • • • •

Organizational Justice Leadership Moral Emotions Business Ethics Self Processes Negotiation

Chris Bell is Professor of Organization Studies. His research explores the personal and social aspects of work, including justice and fairness, ethical reasoning, moral emotions, organizational de/humanization, and leadership. In one current program of research, funded by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Council of Canada, Chris is examining how envy affects cognition in ways that influence performance, goals, and motivation. In another line of research, Chris and his colleagues have developed a new participatory theatre framework of leadership, a multi-level flow model in which leaders, followers, non-followers, and their sub-groups co-create leadership. Their approach recognizes the constructive forces of dissent in ways that much of the leadership literature does not, due to the prevalence of a view that dissent obstructs a leader’s vision and goals. Chris and his colleagues have empirically established a typology of follower and non-follower roles and are applying this to the exploration of i) situational and dispositional factors in role adoption; ii) social exchange relationships and guanxi; iii) individual experiences of procedural, distributive, and interpersonal justice; iv) and the motives and strategies behind organizations’, supervisors’, and coworkers’ enactment of justice and injustice. Chris’ research has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly, Human Relations, Journal of Organizational Behavior, and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. He is an Associate Editor at Social Justice Research, the flagship journal of the International Society for Justice Research, and co-founder of the International Workshop on Organisational Justice Behavioural Ethics, which attracts leading justice scholars to its biennial meetings in Europe. He served as a Guest Editor on three special issues associated with the workshop in Human Relations, the Journal of Business Ethics, and the Journal of Organizational Behavior. His research has been recognized through the Schulich School of Business Research Fellowship program and an Academy of Management best paper award. Chris has designed and taught courses at the undergraduate, MBA, and PhD levels, earning a teaching nomination in the MBA program. Chris enjoys spending his summers in China and is fascinated by the Chinese language, although he doubts he will ever get the pronunciations right.

Markus Giesler

M AR KUS GI ES L ER Professor of Marketing

Markus Giesler is a consumer researcher and a Professor of Marketing at the Schulich School of Business (York University). His research, which examines how markets dynamically shape human behavior, often in the context of new technologies, has been published in top-tier academic journals such as the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Marketing, and received extensive coverage in media outlets such as the New York Times, Wired, Bloomberg Businessweek, and Time Magazine. Markus is currently an Editor of the Journal of Consumer Research, Area Editor at the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, ERB member at the Journal of Consumer Psychology, Consumption, Markets and Culture, and Marketing Letters, and previously, an Associate Editor at the Journal of Marketing. He has been named an MSI Scholar by the Marketing Science Institute, “one of the best recognized experts studying high-technology consumer behavior” by Wired, and a “40 under 40” professor by Poets & Quants.

Research Keywords • Artificial Intelligence • Consumer Culture • Market System Dynamics • Marketing

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 65

New Full Professors

Geoffrey M. Kistruck

G E OF F R E Y M . K I ST R U C K Professor and RBC Chair in Social Innovation and Impact

Research Keywords • Social Entrepreneurship • Innovation in Baseof-the-Pyramid Environments • Market-Based Solutions to Poverty Alleviation

Geoffrey Kistruck is Professor and RBC Chair in Social Innovation and Impact at the Schulich School of Business, York University. He also serves as Director of the Social Innovation Research Lab, Director of the Social Sector Management specialization, and Coordinator for the Sustainability area group. He earned his doctorate at the Ivey School of Business, Western University, and has held previous faculty appointments at Miami University and The Ohio State University. Geoff’s primary research interests involve social entrepreneurship and innovation on the part of for-profit and nonprofit organizations, principally within the context of poverty alleviation efforts in least-developed markets such as Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Guatemala. His research projects are often action-oriented in nature in that they are phenomenologically driven and involve field quasi-experimentation coupled with qualitative methodologies. Such work strives to help development-focused organizations design and pilot test potential solutions to their most pressing challenges. Geoff’s work has been published in leading management journals such as the Academy of Management Journal, Organization Studies, Journal of Management Studies, and Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. He has previously served as an Associate Editor at Journal of Business Venturing, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, as well as on the Editorial Review Boards of Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management Journal, and Journal of Management. Geoff has been the recipient of a number of research awards including the Carolyn Dexter Award for all-academy best international paper, the Samsung Distinguished Paper Award for international management, the Satter Best Paper Award for social entrepreneurship, and the Gerald E. Hills Award for entrepreneurial marketing. He has also received a number of teaching awards at both the Schulich School of Business and The Ohio State University, as well as multiple funding awards from SSHRC, Strategic Management Society, and CIBER. Prior to entering academe, Geoff served in several managerial roles within the venture capital and investment industry.

Perry Sadorsky

P E R RY SA DO R SKY Professor of Sustainability and Economics

Research Keywords • Business and Sustainability • Energy Economics • Machine Learning • Portfolio Management • Strategic Management

66 Schulich School of Business

Perry Sadorsky’s research focuses on business issues related to energy, the natural environment, and financial markets. Some of this research is interdisciplinary and this has allowed him to work with scholars from different fields of study. In recognition of his research impact, Perry has been awarded the 2019, 2020, and 2021 Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher in the field of Economics and Business. According to the Web of Science, this award recognizes “the world’s most influential researchers of the past decade, demonstrated by the production of multiple highly-cited papers that rank in the top 1% by citations for field and year in Web of Science.” Perry Sardosky feels fortunate to be a founding contributor to two important areas of research. The first area of research is business sustainability. His interest in business sustainability dates back to 1992 when he was greatly inspired by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. The focus of the conference was on finding ways to conduct economic development without destroying the natural environment. While economic incentives (regulation) and contractual incentives (agency theory) are two ways that firms can respond to environmental issues, stakeholder engagement is also an important motivator. His work on business sustainability focuses on the role that different stakeholders have in shaping the importance of environmental sustainability to business. These stakeholders can be primary (employees, customers, supply chain) or secondary (societal, regulatory). The second area of research is energy finance. Perry’s interest in energy finance started by studying the interaction between fossil fuel prices, like oil, and financial markets. Since oil is used in the production or transportation of almost everything that is consumed, changes in oil prices can affect firm-level profitability. Oil has been the dominant fuel for the past one hundred years, but will this continue into the future? Energy security, climate change, technology innovation, and consumer preferences for green products are powerful forces shaping the demand and supply of clean energy. His research has expanded to include work on how these forces impact the financing, development, and adoption of clean energy.

Detlev Zwick

D E TL E V ZW IC K Dean Professor of Marketing Tanna H. Schulich Chair in Digital Marketing Strategy

Research Keywords • • • •

Consumer Behavior Database Marketing Marketing Marketing and Sustainability

Detlev Zwick is Dean of the Schulich School of Business at York University, where he guides the School in its mission to develop purpose-driven leaders who aspire to make a difference in business and society. Under Dean Zwick’s leadership, Schulich is focused on several key strategic initiatives, including delivering a world-class, transformative student learning experience, program innovation, high-impact research and positioning the School at the leading edge of the digital transformation reshaping business. Prior to becoming Dean on July 1, 2021, Dr. Zwick served in a number of increasingly senior academic and administrative roles, including Director of Schulich’s BBA/iBBA Program and Associate Dean, Academic, during which he led the School’s rapid transition to remote online learning following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. He was Interim Dean from July 1, 2020 until June 30, 2021. Dean Zwick is an early pioneer in digital marketing and his research focuses on new marketing technologies and their impact on consumer behaviour. He is Co-Editor of the book Inside Marketing: Practices, Ideologies, Devices (Oxford University Press), and frequently provides expert commentary to the media. He holds a PhD in Marketing from the University of Rhode Island, as well as Master’s degrees from the University of Memphis and the University of Cologne.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 67

Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship The establishment and designation of the “Schulich Research Excellence Fellow” is a means of retaining, incentivizing, and recognizing non-chaired tenured faculty members who are achieving research excellence within the parameters of the Schulich’s scholarly plans, mission, and strategy. This Research Excellence Fellowship is for a three-year term, and the fellows receive 1 course release per year to enhance their research productivity. In the 2021 inaugural program, the Office of Associate Dean, Research awarded the fellowship to 13 candidates.

Adam Diamant

A DA M DIA M A N T Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

68 Schulich School of Business

Adam Diamant’s research program intersects with the fields of organizational management, operations research, and artificial intelligence with a specific focus on studying health-related systems. In particular, he develops new techniques in optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) for solving large-scale problems in dynamic and uncertain environments. Adam applies these tools to the study of healthcare systems with the goal of understanding and designing evidence-based approaches for institutional improvements in both service quality and operational efficiency. Adam is extremely appreciative of the opportunity to be a Schulich Research Excellence Fellow as it will allow him to engage in research that impacts both Toronto and Ontario public health communities. It will also allow him to disseminate his findings to a global network of business researchers and health practitioners. Through partnerships with several medical institutions such as Michael Garron Hospital and The Midwives’ Clinic East York-Don Mills, the fellowship program will allow him to focus on the creation of data-driven tools to aid in the assignment of patients to medical practitioners as well as the management of scarce health resources. The overall objective of these research projects is to create technologies to better support clinical practice so that patients receive the requisite therapeutic attention in a timely and responsive fashion while administrative efficiency is improved, and operational costs are controlled. These studies contribute to the management, operations research, and AI communities in that new business insight, mathematical theory, and computational models must be developed. Adam’s research program will shed light on how current operational paradigms in the health sector can affect access to care, resource utilization, workload fairness amongst practitioners, and whether certain patient groups face barriers to care provision. These projects will also provide health administrators with high-level managerial insight as to why the proposed AI systems, and the potential changes to operational structures, perform well. Finally, this research will also illustrate how health institutions can efficiently utilize scarce health human resources so as to more effectively provide timely care to their patients.

Irene Henriques

I R E N E HE N R IQ UE S Professor of Sustainability and Economics

Given the realities of an environmental crisis, a global pandemic, and increasing inequality across the globe, management scholars are increasingly attentive to how to apply their toolkit to these pressing problems. Albert Einstein once stated: “We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.” Irene’s research seeks to present new thinking to the management toolkit. More and more firms are seeking to have a substantial impact on a broad swath of social problems. How should managers design their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to best achieve their intended impacts? Firms are increasingly expected by their stakeholders to tackle the “wicked problems” of society. These new pressures have created a highly equivocal corporate social responsibility (CSR) environment whereby firms face competing stakeholder perspectives regarding their expected level of financial and social value creation. The Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship allows Irene to study how firms can optimize their social shared value creation and promote the construction of the intersubjective agreement, which can resolve CSR environmental equivocality. She is working on a framework that explains how the proper alignment of a firm’s level of CSR environmental equivocality, which is comprised of varying amounts of “unknowingness”, entrepreneurial strategy, which encourages and facilitates experimentation, and stakeholder engagement process, which encourages and facilitates information gathering, supports the construction of novel solutions. The outcome of this research will be a typology of organizational value creation in equivocal CSR environments that firms can employ to increase shared value.

Yelena Larkin

YE LE N A LA R K IN Associate Professor of Finance YE LE N A LA R K IN Associate Professor of Finance

The research that Yelena Larkin conducts falls in the area of empirical corporate finance with a particular focus on two topics: one, product markets and intangible capital; and two, financial and investment policy. Yelena’s interest in the implications of product market characteristics, specifically intangible capital, has led to several projects that have received high visibility. In her 2013 article on brand perception, she challenges the prevailing view that only tangible assets can be used as collateral, and show that brand can be used as collateral, too. Another published article, “The Fading of Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity and Global Development,” (2018), takes an international view of product markets and analyzed the effect of the country-level economic health on the investment policies of individual firms. The article “Are U.S. Markets Becoming More Concentrated?” (2019) has been Yelena’s most significant and influential work in the area of product markets. This work formally demonstrates that despite popular belief, U.S. markets have become more concentrated over the past two decades. Firms that operate in industries with the largest increase in concentration enjoy higher profit margins, thereby indicating that product markets have undergone a structural shift that has potentially weakened competition. Going forward, Yelena would like to use Schulich’s Research Excellence Fellowship to continue investigating the outcomes of product market consolidation. She is currently working on extending this agenda in two directions. First, she expands the study beyond U.S. markets and searches for evidence of international implications. Yelena examines whether the recent U.S. product-market consolidation is echoed in the Canadian economic environment and finds that Canadian stock markets have become more consolidated. This trend, in turn, is consistent with an increase in product markets consolidation and a decline in business dynamism. The second extension of Yelena’s agenda is examining a link between product market competition and CSR. Consumer demand for green products is considered particularly impactful in competitive product markets. However, in the most polluting industries, consumers cannot differentiate across products, making the channel ineffective. Can competition still improve environmental policy absent consumer differentiation? Yelena’s work shows that competition induces cost-cutting and leads to efficient allocation of production across firms. When cost-cutting measures positively impact the environment, the overall effect on environmental policy is positive.

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Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship

Moshe Arye Milevsky

M OS HE A RYE M I L E VSKY Professor of Finance

The CFA Research Institute, a global non-profit affiliated with its renowned financial designation, embarked on a project with Mercer Consulting to evaluate and rank national retirement systems all around the world. They quantify and then summarize a country’s pension index score using a variety of metrics, including but not limited to well-known ESG factors. These rankings are updated yearly with much media fanfare, national pride, and occasional consternation. Some countries consistently score highly and others lower, perhaps no different than business school rankings. In 2021 Iceland took the top spot, winning the equivalent of the pension Olympic medal. But upon carefully examining this data, pension expert and finance Professor Moshe A. Milevsky noticed something rather interesting. Countries that consistently ranked higher in their overall pension index score also happen to be countries in which a larger fraction of their population are affiliated with Protestant Churches, versus other branches of Christianity or religions. The following figure displays that relationship with a simple regression line, although it’s robust to various controls. And, while religious factors have long been associated with economic behaviour and financial development, this result is a novel twist on Max Weber’s famous Protestant work ethic. Professor Milevsky calls this a Protestant “retirement ethic”, and his article describing the work is currently being revised for submission to a scholarly journal.

95.00

85.00

Iceland

Netherlands

Israel

Pension Index Value

75.00

Australia Singapore Chile

Ireland

65.00

Denmark

Finland

Norway

Canada Germany

United Kingdom

Belgium

55.00

Peru

Brazil

Indonesia

India

South Africa

South Korea

Japan 45.00

United States

Uruguay

Malaysia Spain

Mexico Philippines

Thailand 35.00 0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Percentage of Population that is Protestant (%)

Now, while this might be just a curious empirical finding, for now, Professor Milevsky has progressed to focus his research attention on the historical reasons why Protestants might have gotten a head-start on developing better retirement systems. In particular, he has fixated on the surprising role of Presbyterian ministers in the 18th century, who actually pioneered modern actuarial methods for funding pension annuities during the Scottish Enlightenment. Needless to say, this new and different line of research — far from his original education in stochastic and mathematical modelling — has forced Professor Milevsky back into school in a manner of speaking, to retrain and develop proper historical and archival skills. This is precisely his plan for the next few years as the inaugural recipient of one of the Schulich Research Excellence Fellowships. In addition to the above noted Protestant “retirement ethic”, he plans to leverage other historical lessons that could be applied to the sizeable number of baby boomers who will be retiring in the 21st century, as well as the organizations that currently employ them.

70 Schulich School of Business

Grant Packard

G R A N T PAC KA R D Associate Professor of Marketing

Grant’s research examines how language explains and shapes consumer attitudes and behaviour. He combines methods from computational linguistics, econometrics, and experiments to explore the speech and text of consumers, frontline employees, marketing communications, and other cultural content such as song lyrics. Grant’s recent work demonstrates things like how expression modality (e.g., speech vs. writing) impacts what is said and its persuasive impact, the importance of concrete language among customer service agents, and introduces a modeling approach to identifying the impact of moment-to-moment shifts in conversational language on persuasion outcomes. Grant also publishes work and hosts academic workshops on the use of automated text analysis methods by scholars in management and across the social and behavioural sciences. The Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship helps Grant continue to develop and expand this line of work. He is presently involved in a large-scale effort to empirically test whether and how writing “style” matters when it comes to the adoption of ideas. While theories about style’s importance are pervasive, there’s surprisingly little hard evidence of its impact. Grant and his collaborators are using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to isolate style’s effect (from content), and further, to identify the specific language features that can be said to actually contribute to “style.” To do this, they’re using tens of thousands of written works in a context where style is said to matter least: the impact of academic articles. Another new effort the Schulich Fellowship will help support is testing the potential for automated text analysis as a measurement approach in surveys and experiments. Today, firms often use text posted online to understand consumer sentiment, and scholars tend to use text from field settings to understand things about the writer or audience. Grant and his colleagues predict that using NLP methods to process naturally produced text (e.g., short answers or “thought listings”) may provide new and less biased insights relative to traditional scale measures or interpretative analysis.

Perry Sadorsky

P E R RY SA DO R SKY Professor of Sustainability and Economics

Climate change, green consumers, energy security, fossil fuel divestment, and technological innovation are powerful forces shaping a transition to a low carbon economy. Renewable energy, defined as energy produced from renewable energy sources like biomass, geothermal, hydro, wind, wave, and solar plays an important part in this socio-economic transition. The importance of renewable energy is established in The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal #7 which states “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Through technological innovation, the levelized cost of electricity is falling for renewables and onshore wind is now less costly than coal. Future increases in renewable energy consumption are going to depend upon the continued increase in the share of renewable energy in the fuel mix. Technological innovation and financial development are important factors behind the production and consumption of renewable energy. Recently, FinTech (broadly defined as the intersection of financial services and technology) has emerged as an important contributor to renewable energy adoption. FinTechs like cryptocurrencies, blockchain, and crowdfunding have the potential to greatly increase the usage of renewable energy. Examples of FinTech applied to renewable energy include the cryptocurrency NRGcoin which monetarizes transactions by smart meters, the blockchain Origin which is used to issue and trade renewable energy certificates on a blockchain credit market, and the usage of crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter and Indiegogo to raise funds for new renewable and cleantech projects. There are many interesting aspects regarding the relationship between FinTech and cleantech like energy efficiency, eco-efficiency, the drivers of renewable energy, and investment and risk management trends in clean energy. The Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship provides the opportunity for Perry to study these relationships. Since some of the research is data-intensive, machine learning methods are used to conduct the empirical analysis. The time is right for the development of new sustainable technology-driven business models.

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Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship

Gregory Saxton

G R E G ORY SAX TO N Associate Professor of Accounting

Gregory Saxton is an accounting scholar who conducts Big Data-driven and data analytics-focused research chiefly in the area of social responsibility and societal impact. He specifically conducts research in three different contexts: 1) non-profit accounting; 2) social media, social networks, and the capital markets; and 3) social accountability, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). His recent studies have explored such issues as the determinants and outcomes of organizational financial and CSR disclosure, the use of social media by Big 4 accounting firms, accounting-focused social movement discussions on Twitter, and the relationship between social media use and donations to nonprofit organizations. The Fellowship has given him time to focus, first, on his longest-running stream of research on nonprofit accounting. Here, he applies economic and behavioural theories in quantitative examinations of phenomena central to the understanding of accounting in nonprofit organizations. This stream of research has been published in, among other outlets, the Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Journal of Business Ethics, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Annals of Operations Research and, most recently, the Review of Accounting Studies. He strongly believes there is great potential to publish this research in top-tier accounting journals. He has used the time given by the fellowship to develop several working papers to submit to these journals in 2022, including studies on the US federal government’s Paycheck Protection Program loans, the determinants and outcomes of management outsourcing, the effects of an excise tax on CEO compensation, and the relationship between accounting firm expertise and reporting quality. The fellowship has also allowed him to devote energy to a third (and newest) stream of research at the nexus of social media, social network analysis, and capital markets. A first working paper tests the capital market consequences of Twitter bot activity around earnings announcement events. Other in-progress studies leverage social network analysis techniques to explore the effects that ego network characteristics, network density, and network centrality have on the financial markets. Overall, the fellowship is allowing him to focus on several high-risk/high-reward projects that he hopes will make an impact in his area of expertise. In the third year of the fellowship, he intends to use the time granted to apply for a SSHRC Insight Grant.

Ruodan Shao

R U ODA N SHAO Associate Professor of Organization Studies

72 Schulich School of Business

Ruodan Shao’s research interests lie in corporate social responsibility, cross-cultural management, business ethics/ethical decision-making, and organizational justice. Currently, Ruodan is working on multiple research projects investigating employees’ attitudes, emotions, and behaviours as a result of organizations’ socially responsible actions and the ethicality and fairness of the managers. With the support of the Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship, Ruodan has planned to work on several projects. First, Ruodan is working on a project examining how call center service employees respond to the newly introduced artificial intelligence system at work. Specifically, in this research, she and her collaborators have drawn on cognitive load theory to identify the cognitive demands call center employees may experience when they utilize AI-based information tools at work. They argue that using AI-based information tools on a daily basis can impose substantial cognitive loads on service employees, which manifest as their experienced information overload on a daily basis. Their experienced information overload has great implications for their daily job performance and psychological well-being. The team has completed the initial draft of the manuscript and is planning to submit this manuscript to a FT 50 journal soon. Second, Ruodan and her collaborators are working on a project investigating how the social distancing practices in the call center context can influence service employees’ psychological and behavioural responses at work. Specifically, they take the social reconnection perspective to explain the potential positive impact of employees’ social distancing practices on their prosocial behaviours at work. They have completed the first draft of the manuscript and are planning to submit this manuscript to a FT 50 journal. In addition to working on these projects, Ruodan also plans to submit grant applications to SSHRC Insight Grants and Insight Development Grants to support new research initiatives extending her current line of research. She also plans to disseminate their research findings to both academic and non-academic communities through conference presentations, research reports, and research talks to researchers and practitioners.

Winny Shen

W IN N Y SHE N Associate Professor of Organization Studies

In her program of research, Winny Shen seeks to uncover how we can create inclusive, productive, and healthy work organizations. In one research stream, she focuses on the critical role of leaders. In particular, her recent work has focused on abusive behaviours by leaders toward their followers, seeking to understand why leaders can fall prey to these negative actions and how we can curb their occurrence. In the second stream of research, she explores the challenges and rewards of diversity and inclusion at work. Much of this work has tried to uncover why certain groups (e.g., women, racial minorities) continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles and what can be done to promote a more diverse leadership landscape. In her final research stream, she investigates workplace factors that affect workers’ health and wellbeing. She is especially interested in how workers simultaneously manage their work and family responsibilities, as well as the impacts of workplace understaffing, which has become increasingly prevalent during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With the support of the Research Excellence Fellowship, Winny plans to extend her work at the intersection of diversity/inclusion and leadership in several directions. First, building upon her prior work examining the dearth of Asian leaders in North American workplaces, she is interested in understanding the unique intersectional barriers faced by Asian women in attaining and succeeding in leadership roles. Second, she is honing in on how leaders themselves (vs. observers) think about how their various identities (e.g., gender) influence their practice of leadership — do they see them as sources of strength or weakness? Lastly, she will explore how leader demographics (e.g., gender, race, disability) may colour how others perceive changes in leaders’ behaviours. For example, this change may be perceived positively as adaptability among some leaders, whereas it may be construed negatively as unpredictability among other leaders. Altogether, this work will help to facilitate the creation of more welcoming workplaces.

Linda Thorne

L IN DA THO R N E Professor of Accounting

Linda does research on ethical influences on the decision-making of accountants and accounting information. The Schulich fellowship has provided Linda with the ability to focus on her research and most specifically, on two projects that evaluate how ethical aspects of decision-making of professional accountants and taxpayers are affected by recent events. The first project evaluates the degree to which taxpayers’ compliance is influenced by their identification with political affiliation and perceptions of political leaders’ tax-paying behaviour. They have surveyed 600 American taxpayers, and the results suggest that taxpayers will model their own taxpaying behaviour based on their perceptions of that of the behaviour of their affiliated political leader. The second project considers how major changes to the International Code of Ethics of Professional Accountants affect the professional responsibility of accountants in Canada and the U.S. More specifically, this project considers the extent to which the change in the Code of Ethics influences the reporting of fraud and illegal acts to an external authority. They examined 73 comment letters received by the International Ethics Standards Board of Accountants (IESBA) in response to the proposed change to the Code of Ethics. Their analysis shows that the majority of those that responded opposed the proposed requirement that professional accountants must report fraud and illegal acts to an external authority, and as a result, the enacted change to the Code of Ethics was revised and softened so professional accountants have the “right” to report to an external authority. The final step in the research is to experimentally evaluate how CPAs behave when subject to the original and revised Code of Ethics.

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Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship

Maxim Voronov

M AXI M VO R O N OV Professor of Organization Studies and Sustainability

J U L I AN SCOTT Y E OM AN S Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

74 Schulich School of Business

Maxim Voronov studies the dynamics of social change at organizational, industry and societal levels. He has studied the role of emotions in social change, the role of social movements in creating popular support for local products, and organizations’ efforts to promote new ideas. He is currently conducting a study with Robin Burrow (Cardiff University) that seeks to understand what sustains extreme devotion to professional excellence among Michelin chefs, to understand the origins of what Voronov calls “uber-professionalism”. Even as society has recognized work-life balance as important for individuals, families and organizations, there are many professionals who are fanatically devoted to their career pursuits, shun work-life balance, and embrace the toll that the 24/7 work lifestyle takes on their physical and mental health as badges of honour. Driven to an extreme by a desire for perfection, uber-professionalism plays a key role in hindering social change aimed to introduce greater work-life balance and greater equality. Voronov chose to study elite chefs because this field encourages uber-professionalism, as aspiring chefs undergo brutal socialization and even mental and physical abuse. Uberprofessionalism is exhibited by many employees in other fields, such as consulting and investment banking. Voronov aims to understand how the negative social impact of uber-professionalism can be mitigated. Another research project will examine how organizations manage competing logics of action when their activities are unsettled by a crisis. As the Covid-19 pandemic continues, the need to balance between public health and economic prosperity has become especially salient for public sector organizations. How they strike this balance has important social consequences, and the tension between these imperatives is contentious and emotionally laden. Voronov and his collaborators will examine how emotion-laden rhetoric is used by provincial authorities to guide the public sector’s responses, and how these efforts are interpreted and felt by the decisionmakers on the receiving end. The study will use topic modelling to analyze the directives that provincial authorities issued and conduct interviews to understand the lived experiences and on-the-ground practices of public sector organizations.

Julian Scott Yeomans For the past year, Julian’s research has focused on the development of a newly created computational “trick” referred to as simulation-decomposition (SimDec). SimDec is a technique that can be appended to any simulation model (or to raw data) to provide an analytical evaluation of its impacts and interactions that can be easily understood by even non-technical specialists. At its core, SimDec enhances the explanatory capabilities of Monte Carlo simulation methods by visually “teasing out” and uncovering inherent cause-and-effect relationships between groups of input and output parameters. While straightforward and elegant, this novel approach significantly enhances the analytical capabilities of users by readily exposing seemingly, a priori, counter-intuitive behaviour. Together with Finnish colleague Maria Kozlova, this productive research stream has already generated 6 journal articles, 1 book, and 3 patent filings. Over the past 20 years, Julian has published more than 100 journal papers on the development of simulation-optimization, population-based metaheuristics, machine learning, and modelling-to-generate-alternatives with applications to such diverse areas as sustainability, waste management, empirical finance, healthcare, and agriculture. With support from the Schulich Research Fellowship, he plans to conduct a study that leverages SimDec’s visual analytics capabilities with the combined processing power of simulation optimization and the decision-making benefits provided by modelling-to-generate-alternatives. If this approach proves successful, it could be reasonably anticipated that SimDec will directly channel how practitioners can conduct future analytical studies, leading to numerous spillovers into the corporate decision-making, strategic management, financial, and operations realms. Julian’s research team will explore all of these avenues in this upcoming project.

Luke Zhu

LUK E ZHU Associate Professor of Organization Studies

The issue of ethical leader behaviour has increasingly taken center stage in light of numerous ethical scandals over the past two decades, including Enron and Worldcom in the early 2000s and the BP oil spill and Theranos, more recently. In response, we have rightfully spent years encouraging leaders to place ethics front-and-center, but we have not made them aware of the potential social risks when they do so. The purpose of Luke’s research is to inform leaders that attempting to act ethically can sometimes lead to undesirable consequences that are frequently overlooked. First, the right decisions aren’t always ethical decisions. Organizations are bound by a triple bottom line: profit, people, and the planet. Ethical leaders may at times struggle addressing all three bottom lines. For example, when forming moral judgments, people not only examine the permissibility of an act in question but also what the act signals about the character of the person who carries out the act. Sometimes decisions that focus on maximizing positive material outcomes at the expense of one or few individuals (i.e., right decisions in many business contexts) may lead to negative inferences about the leader’s moral character (for lack of important human virtues, such as, empathy and integrity). For example, one study has found that a hospital administrator who decided not to fund an expensive operation to save a child (instead of buying the needed hospital equipment that can save many more lives) was seen as making a right and pragmatic decision but also demonstrates a deficiency in empathy and moral character compared to a hospital administrator who did the opposite. Second, ethical leadership does not guarantee ethical followership. Being in a position of power and status, ethical leaders may be predisposed to tell followers what and how they should do to be more ethical. However, that may not be true, as years of research have shown that people prefer to be in control of their own lives, especially in the moral domain. As a result, by telling people to behave ethically, ethical leaders may be perceived as moral proselytizers — individuals who exhort others to become better persons. Consistent with this view, one research has found that people do not model after an ethical individual when they perceive the ethical individual as a moral proselytizer, as moral proselytizers are perceived as intruders of personal freedom.

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Newly Funded Research Projects Schulich researchers continue to successfully secure funding from Canada’s federal Tri-Council granting agencies, the major source of research and scholarship funding for Canadian Universities. Schulich researchers predominantly receive funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). In 2020 & 2021, Schulich had phenomenal years in acquiring external funding. Particularly, our SSHRC results were most impressive. We earned a remarkable eighty-five percent success rate. We proudly present some of the interesting work that is being conducted by our researchers.

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Climate Risk, Information Environment and Cost of Equity Capital Principal Investigator: Kiridaran Kanagaretnum

K I R I DAR A N KA N AGA R E TN UM Professor of Accounting

According to World Economic Forum Global Risks Report, the top five long-term risks were all climate-related (World Economic Forum, 2020). Climate events inflict severe damage to property and infrastructure, devastating local economics and potentially harming national economic output. Climate risk can be categorized into physical and transitional risks. Physical climate risk refers to damage to land, infrastructures, and other physical assets. It impacts firms through their operating costs, impairments, provisions, and business interruptions. Transition climate risk relates to the cost of transitioning to a low carbon economy and entails rising operating costs due to energy related spending, higher R&D investments for transitioning to a low carbon economy and changing market preferences in terms of both supply chain and customer preferences. Given this context, Kiridaran’s objective is to study the relations between climate risk and firms’ information environment (i.e., information asymmetry) and the cost of equity capital in a cross-country setting. This line of research is important to understand the channels through which climate risk can affect the firm’s investment and external funding environment that impacts investors and other stakeholders.

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Digital Technology Adaptation and Business Ethics: An Exploratory Study of Artificial Intelligence in Canada Principal Investigator: Justin Tan

J U ST I N TA N Professor of Strategic Management/Policy; Newmont Mining Chair in Business Strategy

76 Schulich School of Business

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in various aspects of work and life. At the same time, the rapid technology development and its diffusion have received huge criticism for violation of personal privacy and unethical technique utilized. Among the concerns of AI, informative privacy is the top concern of the technology. With the assistance of AI, companies collect a significant amount of data such as the user’s preferences, private information, online surfing history and use the information for business purposes. So far, in most areas of the world, including Canada, there is no specific regulations or laws that protect the user’s information privacy from AI. In this study, Justin will leverage his previous expertise and investigate the theoretical connections between AI technology and its social and ethical implications.

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Corporate Social Responsibility and Industry Restructuring Principal Investigator: Yelena Larkin

YE LE N A LA R K IN Associate Professor of Finance

Corporations have been increasingly pressured to become socially responsible by reducing their impact on the environment. Policy makers, environmental groups, consumers, investors, employees, among others, demand actions to meet environmental norms. Despite years of research, existing literature does not have a consensus regarding whether “green” production is beneficial or detrimental to the welfare of corporate stakeholders. What determines the choice of firms and how to correctly assess their impact on the environment is largely an open question. In this project, Yelena explores corporate decision-making with regard to firms’ environmental policy using a novel setup. Her empirical strategy takes advantage of a staggered passage of restructuring legislation in the electric utilities industry across U.S. states during the 1990s that has facilitated the entry of new competitors. This setting helps provide unambiguous answers to a range of important questions: First, did increased competition lead to a change in utilities’ pollution policy? Second, what actions did restructured utilities undertake to change their pollution policy? Third, to the extent that pollution policy has changed, what economic mechanism is responsible for this change?

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Belief in the Implicit Social Contract Governs Pro-Environmental Behaviour Principal Investigator: Nicole Mead

N ICO LE ME A D Associate Professor of Marketing

For the first time, the World Economic Forum has identified climate-change-related threats as the top long-term risks facing the world (WEF 2020). They are not alone. Scientists have been sounding the alarm bell, granting agencies, such as SSHRC, have identified the Environment as a key priority for research funding. Yet despite the mounting awareness and public calls for change, global carbon emissions continue to rise (Global Carbon Project 2019). To slow global warming, deeper insight into psychological mechanisms that govern pro-environmental behaviour is needed. In this research, Nicole identifies a novel psychological mechanism which governs pro-environmental behaviour. Then she develops an intervention that promotes eco-friendly behaviour. Thus, this research offers novel theoretical and substantive insight for academics and practitioners who are committed to increasing pro-environmental behaviour.

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Strategic Timing of Earnings Announcement Principal Investigator: Aleksandra Rzeźnik

A L E KSA N D R A R ZE ŹN IK Assistant Professor of Finance

The main job of the capital market is to efficiently allocate capital across the economy. To achieve this, investors need to possess unlimited capacity to process information. If information processing is limited, some information may not be immediately incorporated into prices, which can contribute to market inefficiency. Aleksandra’s project focuses on firms that strategically time their earnings announcements and the consequences of this behaviour. The team argues that strategic timing of earning announcement (STEA) impedes investors’ information processing capacity, which, in turn, impairs the efficient allocation of capital in the economy. This project is the first to document the spillover effects of STEA. The team’s unique data and original methodology allow them to identify spillover effects of STEA and address numerous potential endogeneity issues. Aleksandra’s research is of high significance for investors and managers.

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Newly Funded Research Projects

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

Motivated Beliefs and Racial Discrimination Principal Investigator: Alexander Coutts

A L EXA N DE R CO UTTS Assistant Professor of Economics

Discrimination against racial minorities has been extensively documented across multiple domains, such as in healthcare, policing, and the markets for labour, goods, and services. Despite increasing awareness, empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of racial discrimination in areas such as hiring has not decreased over the past 25 years. While many agree that discrimination is a widespread social problem, few report that they personally harbour racial bias. In this research, Alexander and the team investigate the link between individuals’ motivations to remain unaware of the extent of their racial biases and the prevalence of discriminatory behaviour. The first hypothesis follows research in psychology that suggests that individuals have self-serving motivations to negate, deny, or remain unaware of the extent of their own racial biases. The second hypothesis is that their resulting unawareness contributes to the persistence of these biases and leads to realized discriminatory behaviour. In studying these connections, Alexander and the team leverage theories of motivated beliefs to identify the precise mechanisms that operate in the context of racial bias. Thus, Alexander will shed light on how motivated beliefs contribute to discrimination and how this discrimination can be reduced.

SSHRC INSIGHT DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

When Financial Reporting Standards Collide Principal Investigator: Amin Mawani

A M I N MAWA N I Associate Professor of Accounting

78 Schulich School of Business

Corporate lobbying reframed the discourse of CEWS from helping employees to helping the businesses themselves during an uncertain pandemic period. Firms’ disclosure about government wage subsidies continued to be of interest to shareholders as well as other stakeholders such as labour groups and unions, taxpayer citizens, competitors and the media — even if immaterial for accounting purposes. For example, ESG disclosure rules that allow firms to omit disclosures on climate-related lobbying on grounds of immateriality may be self-defeating. Initial estimates show that about 19% of CEWS recipients voluntarily disclosed their CEWS amounts in their annual report even when such amounts were below the assumed materiality threshold of 5% of net incomes. This suggests that accounting immateriality is not all that drives firms not to disclose their CEWS amounts. This research examines whether firms scoring high on ESG rankings were more likely to disclose their CEWS to reflect some broader societal goals such as better stewardship of taxpayer resources. Failure to disclose CEWS for high-ranking “S” (social metric) firms may reflect their reluctance to admit that they received a government subsidy that was not necessary from a cash flow perspective.

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

Accounting Inscriptions and Social Media-based Social Accountability Processes Principal Investigator: Dean Neu (PI) and Gregory Saxton (Co-PI)

D E A N N E U (P I) Professor of Accounting

Social media such as Twitter has arguably changed the possibilities and forms of citizen participation within democratic processes. On the one hand, social media helps organizations and people hold their governments accountable. When whistle-blower organizations such as the ICIJ publish previously-private financial information about the wealth accumulation activities of politicians and business people, social media helps to disseminate the information and provides a venue for public discussion. On the other hand, the unorganized nature of social media and the speed at which social media disseminates information makes it a particularly virulent site for ‘fake’ news, including fake news involving accounting numbers and inscriptions. Dean and Gregory’s program of research uses large-scale data from Twitter to examine how the release of previously-private financial information by whistler-blower organizations such as the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) puts into motion new social accountability processes and transforms the ways that accounting inscriptions participate in the subsequent social accountability conversation.

G R E GO RY SAX TO N (CO - P I) Associate Professor of Accounting

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

Accounting Interrogations: Good Questions, Good Answers, and the Roles of Voice and Silence Principal Investigator: Matthew Bamber

M ATTHE W B A M B E R Associate Professor of Accounting

This study focuses on an important recent addition to the financial reporting calendar, namely the Question and Answer (Q&A) session between management and financial analysts which occurs during a firm’s quarterly financial results presentation. During this live webcast and transcribed meeting, management put forward their narrative of the firm’s financial results, before being interrogated by financial analysts on a range of issues, (assumedly) chosen at the discretion of the question-askers. This is a key event in a large listed company’s financial calendar. The results presentation — particularly the Q&A — has been shown to be socially, politically, and economically valuable. Not only is this the first contact between the firm and investors after the closed period, but it also represents an increasingly rare opportunity for analysts to interact with management. In many cases, sell-side analyst-manager meetings are limited to these quarterly results presentations. Despite this, these Q&A events remain understudied, poorly understood, and woefully under-theorized. Matt’s program of research will address a series of fundamental inter-related questions related to these Q&A. Key questions include: What is (not) a good question to ask during a firm’s Q&A? What is (not) a good answer for management to provide? When, under what circumstances, and why do management not provide answers to analysts’ questions in this forum? Whether managerial non-responses (silence) are received as bad news, and if so (not), why (why not)?

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Newly Funded Research Projects

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

When Do Acquirers Overpay for Target Firms? Evidence from M&A Target Valuation Analyses Principal Investigator: Pouyan Foroughi

P O U YAN F O R O UGHI Assistant Professor of Finance

This research plan builds on the striking findings of decades of studies that more than half of mergers and acquisitions destroy shareholder value. These findings are difficult to understand in light of the tremendous volume of acquisitions of both public and private companies. Although many studies try to explain why many deals destroy shareholder value, none provide readers with a clear answer to a straightforward question — do acquirers simply pay too much for target firms? Utilizing a broad sample consisting of all firms that provide firm-level valuation analyses produced by financial advisors as to the basis for their “fairness opinion,” justifying the transaction price as appropriate to the target or the acquirer, Pouyan’s research will provide a clear answer to this question. These reports generally provide significant detail regarding the methodologies used to evaluate the offer price as well as cash flow forecasts produced by managers of target and can be used to derive measures of the bias/optimism of target managers exists in their forecasts, as well as in the selective choice of the methodologies and assumptions used to execute their analyses.

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

Investor Attention, Mood, and Price Persistence Principal Investigator: Mark Kamstra

M AR K KA M STR A Professor of Finance

80 Schulich School of Business

The stock market is influenced by psychology and by investor (in)attention to news. Kamstra’s research explores predictability arising from mood interacting with attention, disentangling retail investors (who are perhaps relatively more likely to be impacted by mood) from institutional investors. GameStop and Reddit highlight the importance of retail investors. Google Trends documents retail investor web searches for news and Bloomberg provides data on institutional investor search, allowing identification of periods of relative inattention to news and events. Changing seasons have been shown (by Kamstra and others) to correlate with changing mood, fall and winter are associated with the blues and aversion to risk. All of this combined points to the impact of attention and investor mood on markets and identifies periods of informed and stabilizing price movements as well as periods of destabilizing price changes associated with mood and retail investor over-reaction. The central insight is that it may not be the attention that matters, but rather who is paying attention. This research will help determine appropriate reactions to extreme events in financial markets, providing policy makers and investors with the tools needed to assess the impact of heightened attention and retail trading on return predictability and market stability.

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

How Firms Combat Climate Change: International Evidence Principal Investigator: Lilian Ng

L IL IA N N G Professor of Finance; Scotiabank Chair in International Finance

Climate change is driving new political and economic realities for countries and businesses worldwide. Many large US corporations are integrating climate change into their business strategies in response to pressures from regulatory authorities, environmental activists, and climate-conscious investors and consumers. While their efforts seem progressive, a closer look reveals that firms are committed only to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their production and energy consumption (Scope 1 and 2 emissions, respectively). They largely ignore indirect (Scope 3) emissions produced along their supply chains, which form most of their total GHG emissions. For example, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) reports that P&G’s commitments to halve pollution by 2030 only apply to its Scope 1 and 2 emissions. NRDC alleges that this target only represents 2% of P&G’s total GHG emissions if Scope 3 emissions are considered. Lilian’s project examines whether and how US firms reduce their carbon footprints to tackle global climate change and evaluates their real and financial implications. Her research provides robust evidence that firms actively outsource their carbon emissions to overseas suppliers as domestic pressure to reduce emissions intensifies, leading to greater risks and lower valuations.

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

Evaluation of Wage Subsidies for Public Corporations Based on Legislative and Accounting Disclosures Principal Investigator: Amin Mawani

A M IN M AWA N I Associate Professor of Accounting

The Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) was designed as a bailout for employees who had been sidelined from employment through no fault of their own. However, the eligibility rules for the subsidy made it clear that it was more of a business subsidy and not a wage subsidy for jobs that would otherwise have been lost. CEWS recipients did not have to demonstrate the need for cash, and therefore the subsidy could flow through to higher reported income and/or higher dividend payouts. Managers could claim a responsibility to shareholders to take advantage of legislation to maximize subsidies receivable, since otherwise they would face a cost disadvantage against their competitors who may receive CEWS. This research examines the characteristics of firms that voluntarily disclosed the wage subsidy they received. Amin hypothesizes that firms may be reluctant to disclose their CEWS if they increased their dividend payouts or reported large declines in incomes in the same year. This may reflect firms’ reluctance to disclose business subsidies being diverted to shareholders in the form of higher dividends or remind investors that reported incomes would be worse in the absence of CEWS.

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Newly Funded Research Projects

SSHRC INSIGHT GRANTS

Global Sustainability Standards in National Context: Comparing Business-Government Interactions in Argentina, Brazil, and Canada Principal Investigator: Burkard Eberlein

B U R KAR D E B E R L E IN Professor of Public Policy and Sustainability

Sustainability standards play an important role in the governance of responsible business conduct in the global economy. Most major companies have committed to voluntary standards that demand environmental and social performance along global supply chains. However, de-globalization, disruptions in supply chains, and the resurgence of national economic priorities suggest government pushback against global standards. Why and how do national governments strategically engage with global sustainability standards, in the context of industrial priorities? More specifically: how do different configurations of business-government relations shape national government responses to global sustainability standards? The project addresses this question through a case-study comparison of businessgovernment relations in three countries and two industries. Argentina and Brazil, the two major economies of South America, are contrasted with Canada in the Global North. In all three countries, we compare two industries that present major sustainability concerns: soybean (deforestation, land use) and mining (environmental degradation and community impacts). The project’s central objective is to understand why and how national governments choose to either adopt and harness global sustainability standards, or repurpose, replace or even reject them, in favour of national standards.

SSHRC CONNECTION GRANTS

Disruption, Transformation, Stability: Exploring Industry Dynamics over Time and Space Principal Investigator: Matthias Kipping

M AT T H IAS K IP P IN G Professor of Policy; Richard E. Waugh Chair in Business History

82 Schulich School of Business

Why have certain industries experienced multiple disruptions within a short time, while others have remained stable for decades and even centuries? Why have some industries moved locations within and across countries while others have continued to flourish close to their geographic origins? These questions have been addressed in a variety of disciplines, including economics, sociology, political science, and business research. They have taken on greater relevance today when many sectors around the globe are experiencing significant upheavals due to the pandemic, new business models, and technological innovations. Exploring the dynamics of stability and change in a wide range of industries is the purpose of The Oxford Handbook of Industry Dynamics, edited by Matthias Kipping, Takafumi Kurosawa and Eleanor Westney, which brings together experts from multiple fields. The connection grant allows editors and contributors to meet and discuss these questions with each other as well as graduate students and practitioners. The first meeting in Kyoto in October 2019 was followed by numerous small-scale Zoom workshops, with an in-person workshop planned for June in Madrid and a final conference at Schulich in September 2022.

PARTNERSHIP ENGAGE GRANTS

Incorporating Traditional Beliefs to Improve Maternal and Child Health Outcomes in Guinea-Bissau Principal Investigator: Alexander Coutts

A L E XA N D E R CO UTTS Assistant Professor of Economics

Sub-Saharan Africa is a region where maternal and newborn diseases remain a primary cause of preventable deaths. While resources are scarce, in recent years researchers have collected evidence about the puzzlingly low utilization of health services in these settings. Partnering with a local NGO, VIDA, Alexander’s research seeks to evaluate a novel type of health campaign in the country of Guinea-Bissau. This new campaign seeks to address traditional beliefs to reduce both maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Though previous research has noted that traditional beliefs often play an important role for health decisions, they can be overlooked when it comes to health information campaigns. In the context of Guinea-Bissau, prior survey evidence finds a significant link between high levels of traditional beliefs about health and avoidance of health centers for maternal care and child illness. By evaluating these health campaigns, the results of this research will shed light not only on the beliefs that individuals have, but how these beliefs interact with information, and healthseeking decisions. This information can be utilized to design better campaigns that encourage more health center visits and healthier communities.

CAAA — THE CANADIAN ACADEMIC ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION

Canadian Modern Slavery Supply Chain Transparency and Reporting Legislation: A Behind-the-Scene Investigation Principal Investigator: Charles H. Cho

C HA R L E S H. C HO Professor of Sustainability Accounting; Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability

Charles’ research stands to offer unique insight into how transparency and reporting legislation focused on modern slavery in the supply chain, which has key implications for our understanding of combating modern slavery and the changing demands and social expectations of businesses, particularly in human rights. Key objectives include: (1) To explore how supply chain transparency and reporting legislation focused on modern slavery is developed and shaped when multiple models of legislation exist (e.g., UK vs. France); (2) To identify and map out the key actors involved in the creation of such legislation and how they may impact the process, eventual legislation, the effectiveness of such legislation, and subsequent business practices — taking Canada as an example case; (3) To advance our understanding of the changing demands and social expectations of businesses, particularly in human rights.

CPA CANADA — CAAA FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, ASSURANCE AND TAX RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM

An Experimental Examination of Changes to IAS 1 Principal Investigator: Linda Thorne

L IN DA THO R N E Professor of Accounting

Linda and Schulich’s PhD student Sameera Hassan received a research award from CPA Canada to experimentally examine the impact of proposed changes to IAS1 that require supplemental disclosures to be reported and reconciled in the audited notes of the financial statements. Publicly listed companies report their financial performance using audited financial statements compiled according to Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures (GAAP), which are supplemented 90% of the time by additional non-GAAP unaudited disclosures included in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). Management suggests that supplemental disclosures provide investors with valuable and useful insight into their firms’ performance not captured by GAAP reporting. However, standard setters are concerned that management is using this information to opportunistically explain away a firm’s poor performance. Linda and the team are evaluating the impact of proposed changes to IAS1 by examining their effect on investors’ investment decisions. It is anticipated that the results of their experiment will provide insight not only into how the change will influence the investment decisions of financial statement users but also will provide direction to CPA Canada on how best to increase the reliability of supplemental performance measures.

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Newly Funded Research Projects

CPA ONTARIO — THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

Engage Accounting Scholars Network Principal Investigator: Charles H. Cho

C H A R L E S H. C HO Professor of Sustainability Accounting; Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability

Originally funded as the ‘Engaged Accounting Scholar Network’, this project was renamed ‘Accounting for Impact’ (AFI)’. The co-founders and inaugural Steering Committee members believe in the importance of academic activism to support social justice and equity. As such, the purpose of this initiative is to create a Network that fosters engagement and impact for accounting scholars. The Network intends to be inclusive and foster a variety of perspectives and methodological approaches. It encourages accounting academics of all backgrounds, levels of experience and geographical locations to join and use this space as a catalyst for reflecting upon which constituencies might benefit from their work. The Network will include activities like (but not limited to) providing training for accounting academics on how to engage in knowledge mobilization and research communication, organizing events that bring together researchers and practitioners to identify practice-driven research questions and developing resources engage practitioners and policymakers with research findings. Regardless of the venue or approach, the primary objective is to provide opportunities for academics to reach outside the ivory tower and create impact through their research. Website: https://www.accountingforimpact.org/ Co-founders: Charles H. Cho and Erica Pimentel Steering Committee: Julie Bernard, Joel Bothello, Alessandro Ghio and Leanne Keddie

THE INDIVIDUAL FINANCE AND INSURANCE DECISIONS CENTRE (IFID CENTRE)

Mortality Shocks and Lifecycle Finance Principal Investigator: Moshe A. Milevsky

M OS HE A RYE M I L E VSKY Professor of Finance

This 2-year research project aims to investigate the impact of mortality shocks — both negative as well as positive — on optimal economic behaviour in a lifecycle model of investment and consumption. The narrow technical question to be investigated is how a rational utility maximizing agent should adjust their holdings of life insurance and retirement annuities when they receive new information that “shocks” their mortality beliefs. Are they more likely to discount the future and ignore long term risks? Or does the heightened salience of new risks increase the demand for protection? More broadly, the project will collect data and carefully examine how North American consumers reacted and adjusted to covid-19 risks, within the context of their personal finances and insurance. From the perspective of a business school, if consumers are indeed changing the types of financial products they value post-pandemic, then financial services companies must adjust their offerings and menus accordingly.

MITACS

How Grain Discovery’s Blockchain Solution Can Enable Flexibility in the Agriculture Supply Chain in the Age of COVID-19? Principal Investigator: Henry Kim

HE NRY K IM Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

84 Schulich School of Business

In the Fall of 2020, Abhishek Pandey, a graduate of Schulich’s MBA program, and Professor Henry Kim were awarded a MITACS Business Strategy Internship to study “How Grain Discovery’s Blockchain Solution Can Enable Flexibility in the Agricultural Supply Chain in the Age of COVID-19.” Grain Discovery is a Canadian startup that provides traceability, connectivity, coverage and market intelligence in the agriculture supply chain through its innovative blockchain solution. The project explored the change in consumer behaviour due to the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 and how this behaviour impacted the agriculture supply chain. The project involved doing secondary research, analyzing various secondary data, collaborating with the Grain Discovery team and advisor to brainstorm plausible solutions and coming up with recommendations. This work aided Grain Discovery in securing customers as well as additional venture capital.

MITACS

Transforming Financial Planning Software Principal Investigator: Murat Kristal

M UR AT K R ISTA L Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Led by Murat Kristal (PI) and Hjalmar Turesson (Co-PI), this project aims to develop a proof-ofconcept optimization software for Planworth. Planworth provides financial planning software for investment advisors developing comprehensive financial plans for wealth maximization. Current wealth optimization software tends to be domain-specific and thus, multiple software have to be combined to generate a plan. The result of this process is often sub-optimal. Thus, the objective of this project is to generate a comprehensive plan where all factors relevant to an individual’s financial plan are optimized simultaneously. The methodology for this project revolves around linear optimization, also known as, linear programming. The first part will be theoretical, concerns converting the practical properties of an individual’s financial life such as taxes, spending goals, salary and forced incomes into formal constraints that can be used in optimization. In addition, the properties of different risk and safety measures will be studied theoretically. The second part of the proposed project will be to implement a proof-of-concept software application. For this, Python together with the Scipy and PuLP libraries will be used. Scipy is a Python library of scientific computing with several optimization routines, while PuLP is a Python library specific to linear programming. The final implementation will be evaluated in simulation against Planworth’s current planning method. MITACS

Automation of Event Detection for ISA Cybersecurity Inc. Principal Investigator: Murat Kristal ISA receives a continuous stream of security-related data in which they detect threat events. The data sources include firewalls, ips/ids, endpoint protection solutions, operating system logs, etc., which together make up a large number of fields (300+). This project aims to improve event detection efficacy by identifying novel relationships between events in the data stream. Previous research in cybersecurity data science has demonstrated that threat events are often associated with distinct patterns of disparate and individually innocuous events. That is, broad contextual information like temporal and spatial relationships among events and connections are often informative about suspicious activity. The addition of contextual information through machine learning-based prediction of threat events has not yet been thoroughly explored and provides a promising research direction. Murat Kristal (PI) and Hjalmar Turesson (Co-PI) propose to characterize those patterns by first training a predictive model to classify known threat events in historical data and then analyze the fitted model’s feature importance. Beyond threat-predictions in novel data, this method will allow to identify event-critical subtleties that are very difficult for a human security analyst to spot manually, thus providing the analyst with essential insights. The result will be a context-aware and adaptive cybersecurity solution capable of incremental learning as new data arrives.

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Newly Funded Research Projects

2020 PENSION REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATION’S (PREA) REAL ESTATE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RERI) RESEARCH GRANT AWARD

Underwriting Green Mortgage Backed Securities: Costs and Benefits Principal Investigator: Avis Devine

AV I S DE VIN E Associate Professor of Real Estate Finance and Sustainability

Avis Devine’s research, in collaboration with Dr. Meagan McCollum, explores an important sustainability intersection: the financial implications of a green bond program encouraging energy and water efficiency in U.S. multifamily housing with the goal of increasing housing affordability. Diffusion of new technology, such as green bond policies, is impacted by inefficiencies and frictions as the market navigates adoption. Using data from Fannie Mae multifamily green mortgage backed security issuances, they identify possible disconnects between pricing and benefits, as well as adoption trends. Evidence indicates that loans on properties backed by green bonds that incentivize energy efficiency in multifamily buildings receive lower interest rates, lower debt service coverage ratios, and higher leverage ratios than their “brown” counterparts. Some of these findings represent stated program benefits, yet others do not. Additionally, some benefits are observed accruing to properties that are not participating in a green MBS program, despite already qualifying for participation. Supporting evidence points to drivers of adoption and program refinements that could aid in policy maximization. The study’s results carry implications for both existing green bond programs as well as the diffusion of green bond policy into the broader capital markets.

2021 PENSION REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATION’S (PREA) REAL ESTATE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RERI) RESEARCH GRANT AWARD

ESG Investment and Private Real Estate Returns Principal Investigator: Avis Devine This study, in collaboration with Dr. Andrew Sanderford and Dr. Chongyu Wang, explores private equity real estate fund performance and voluntary environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures. Using data from the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF), it examines the relationship between performance for funds in the Open Ended Diversified Core Equity (ODCE) Index and reporting to the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB), a platform for disclosure about fund/firm-level ESG strategies. The empirical analyses suggest four conclusions. First, there has been substantial adoption of and reporting to GRESB in the last 5 years, suggesting that reporting to GRESB is a form of table stakes for private equity real estate industry leaders. Second, GRESB participation and performance are both significant predictors of cross-sectional fund returns. Third, GRESB participation and performance are associated with the price appreciation component of fund total returns but not with the income component. Fourth, the relationships between fund returns and GRESB participation and scores are independent of local economic conditions. These results close an important gap in the literature about private equity real estate fund performance and ESG/climate change mitigation efforts in commercial real estate markets.

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YORK UNIVERSITY VPRI’S INAUGURAL CATALYZING INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH CLUSTERS (CIRC) INITIATIVE

Digital Currencies: Present and Future Principal Investigator: Henry Kim

HE N RY K IM Associate Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

In November 2021, York University’s Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research Clusters (CIRC) competition awarded $525,000 over three years to an interdisciplinary team of York professors to investigate “Digital Currencies” and Fintech. The Principal Investigators are Professors Henry Kim from York’s Schulich School of Business and Joann Jasiak from Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies (Economics). The core team members include Schulich’s Professors Irene Henriques and Divinus Oppong-Tawiah as well as Professors Poonam Puri (Osgoode), Sotirios Liaskos (School of IT), and Andrea Podhorsky (Economics). There are more than a dozen additional York University collaborators including Schulich professors and researchers Chris Bell, Mark Kamstra, Perry Sadorsky, Yisong Tian, and Hjalmar Turesson that number promises to grow. The team has initiated a collaboration with the Bank of Canada to study Bitcoin adoption in Canada. They are also collaborating with Stats Canada to explore how CBDCs can mitigate underprivileged communities’ exclusion from traditional financial services. They are funding student and post-doc research into stablecoins, Bitcoin energy consumption, cryptocurrency pricing, payment systems for microgrids encompassing electric vehicle charging/discharging, cryptocurrency and digital assets regulations, token-economics simulation and modeling, and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). The team also sponsors the Fields Institute Lecture Series on Blockchain, which has hosted world-renowned speakers.

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 87

Chairs and Professorships at Schulich

Ann Brown Chair of Organization Studies (Established in 2010)

CIT Chair in Financial Services (Established in 1998)

IVONA HIDEG

JAMES DARROCH

BA & MASc (Waterloo); PhD (Toronto) Associate Professor of Organization Studies

BA, MA & PhD (Toronto); MBA & PhD (York University) Associate Professor of Policy

Anne and Max Tanenbaum Chair in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise (Established in 1999)

Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability (Established in 1993)

EILEEN FISCHER

CHARLES H. CHO

BA & MASc (Waterloo); PhD (Queen’s) Professor of Marketing

BSc, MSc & PhD (University of Central Florida) Professor of Sustainability Accounting

Bell Media Professorship in Media Management (Established in 2002)

George R. Gardiner Professorship in Business Ethics (Established in 1992)

LISA DE WILDE

ROBERT PHILLIPS

BA Hons & LLB (McGill) Bell Media Professor of Media Management

BSBA (Appalachian State University); MBA (University of South Carolina); PhD (University of Virginia) Professor of Sustainability

Bob Finlayson Chair in International Finance (Established in 2011) KEE-HONG BAE

George Weston Ltd Chair for Sustainable Supply Chains (Established in 2021) DAVID JOHNSTON

BS & MS (Korea); PhD (Ohio State) Professor of Finance

BA Hons, MBA & PhD (Western) Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

Canada Research Chair in Entrepreneurial Innovation and the Public Good (Established in 2014)

Hewlett-Packard Canada Chair in Corporate Social Responsibility (Established in 2003)

THEODORE J. NOSEWORTHY

DIRK MATTEN

MBA, MSc (University of Guelph); PhD (Western University) Professor of Marketing

Dipl.-Kfm. (Essen, Germany), Dr.rer.pol. & Dr.habil. (Düsseldorf, Germany) Professor of Sustainability

Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management (Established in 2019) MANUS (JOHNNY) RUNGTUSANATHAM

Inmet Chair in Global Mining Management (Established in 2013)

BS (Birmingham-Southern College); PhD (University of Minnesota) Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

RICHARD ROSS

CPA Ontario Chair in International Entrepreneurship (Established in 2011) MOREN LÉVESQUE

Kraft Foods Canada Chair in Marketing (Established in 2004) (Formerly Nabisco, founded in 1985)

BSc & MSc (Laval University); PhD (University of British Columbia) Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems

BS & PhD (Minnesota) Professor of Marketing; University Distinguished Research Professor (York University)

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BCom (Toronto), CPA Director, Global Metals and Minerals Management

RUSSELL BELK

JOSEPH MAPA

Royal Bank Professorship in Nonprofit Management and Leadership (Established in 1997)

DHA & MBA (Toronto) Adjunct Professor; Director, Krembil Centre for Health Management and Leadership; Executive Director, Health Industry Management Program

BA Hons (Alberta); MA (Carleton); MBA (Maine); PhD (York University) Associate Professor of Marketing

Krembil Chair in Health Management and Leadership (Established in 2021)

Newmont Mining Chair in Business Strategy (Established in 2003) JUSTIN TAN BBA (Tianjin, China); MA (Kansas); PhD (Virginia Tech) Professor of Strategic Management / Policy

Nigel Martin Chair in Finance (Established in 1996) ELIEZER Z. PRISMAN BA (Hebrew, Israel); MSc & DSc (Technion, Israel) Professor of Finance

Pierre Lassonde Chair in International Business (Established in 1997) PREET S. AULAKH BSc & MA (Panjab, India); PhD (Texas-Austin) Professor of Strategy and International Business

Richard E. Waugh Chair in Business History (Established in 2003; Re-named in 2016) MATTHIAS KIPPING MA (Paris-Sorbonne, France); MPA (Harvard University, USA); D.E.A. (EHESS, France); Dr. phil. (University of Munich, Germany) Professor of Policy

RBC Professorship in Social Innovation and Impact (Established in 1997) GEOFFREY KISTRUCK BA (Western); MBA (McMaster); PhD (Western) Professor of Entrepreneurial Studies

Ron Binns Chair in Financial Reporting, Banking and Governance (Established in 2010) KIRIDARAN KANAGARETNUM BSc (Peradeniya, Sri Lanka); MSEE (Purdue University); PhD (Syracuse University) Professor of Accounting

BRENDA GAINER

Scotiabank Professorship in International Business (Established in 1998) ANOOP MADHOK BCom (Calcutta, India); MBA (Cincinnati); MA (Johns Hopkins); PhD (McGill) Professor of Strategy

Scotiabank Chair in International Finance (Established in 2013) LILIAN NG BBA (National University of Singapore); MBA (Binghamton, NY); PhD (Pennsylvania) Professor of Finance

Timothy R. Price Chair in Real Estate and Infrastructure (Established in 2016) JIM CLAYTON BA Honours (Queen’s University); MA (Western); PhD (University of British Columbia) Professor of Real Estate and Infrastructure

York Research Chair in Stigmatization and Social Identity (Established in 2019) BRENT LYONS BSc (Queen’s University); MA (Michigan State University); PhD (Michigan State University) Associate Professor of Organization Studies

Tanna H. Schulich Chair in Digital Marketing Strategy (Established in 1996) DETLEV ZWICK MS (University of Cologne); MS (University of Memphis); PhD (University of Rhode Island) Dean, Schulich School of Business Professor of Marketing

CHAIRS PENDING • CIBC Professorship in Financial Services (Established in 1994) • Gordon Charlton Shaw Professorship in Management Science (Established in 2003) • Henry J. Knowles Chair in Organizational Strategy (Established in 2002) • Jarislowsky-Dimma-Mooney Chair in Corporate Governance (Joint appointment with Osgoode Hall Law School. Established in 2006)

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 89

Media, Books and Journals

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Media Mentions In addition to regularly publishing their research in traditional academic outlets, Schulich faculty members contribute to mainstream media outlets as leading experts in their fields. This section showcases op-eds written by Schulich faculty members, media coverage of their groundbreaking research, and trending news features that contain substantial coverage of their views as industry experts.

1,854

88%

Journal publications since 2009

Percentage of articles published in collaboration with international researchers (2020 – 2021)

203

¼+

85%

136

Giesler, Markus, Professor of Marketing, was quoted in the article, “A Different League: Tim Hortons Teams up with Superstar Justin Bieber”, published in The Toronto Star on November 10, 2021.

McKellar, James, Professor of Real Estate and Infrastructure, was quoted in the article, “Commercial, Industrial Sectors Sees Growth in Small Urban Areas” published in The Globe and Mail on November 9, 2021.

Rungtusanatham, Johnny, Canada Research Chair in Supply Chain Management and Professor of Operations Management and Information Systems, was quoted in the article, “Canadian Supply Delays Come as a Warning That Future Interruptions Could be Worse” published on CBC.ca on October 25, 2021.

More than one-fourth of the articles published in 2020 and 2021 were in the Financial Times 50 Journals

“ This is a different league for Tim Hortons. We’re talking about a properly social-media-integrated, global celebrity brand. Justin Bieber is recognized all around the world.”

Success rate in SSHRC funding applications in 2020 – 2021

“ We will never go back to where we were before the pandemic. There’s a whole category of jobs now that are tethered to the internet, and they can work anywhere. Being able to connect with everyone, whether they’re in the same location or not, makes it easier for people and companies to locate at the fringes.”

Academic honours since 2010, including Best Paper, Best Editor, Best Reviewer, and various Book Awards

Books published since 2009

“ When businesses choose the cheapest price or the cheapest labour when looking for components or places to manufacture without considering the total cost to the economy, it can have unexpected costs down the road. You may end up making the wrong decision.”

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 91

Media Mentions

Voronov, Maxim, Professor of Organization Studies and Sustainability, was quoted in the article, “Employers Consider Location-Based Pay, but Some Experts Warn Timing Couldn’t Be Worse”, published in the Financial Post on October 19, 2021. “ I do think this is a move that many companies will come to regret. To the extent (companies) are squeezing (their) employees, they also may be on the receiving end later on … of being unable to recruit the best employees.”

Lazar, Fred, Associate Professor of Economics, wrote an opinion column in the National Post on October 8, 2021 titled, “Watch Out for COP26”. “If you really want to change people’s behaviour, gasoline prices should be closer to $5 per litre. The current tax regime is just nickel-and-diming Canadians with little impact on their behaviour.”

Hideg, Ivona, Ann Brown Chair in Organization Studies, was quoted in the article, “How the Stigma of Maternity Leave Still Holds Women Back”, published in The Globe and Mail on September 29, 2021. “We know that women taking leaves incur penalties and negative consequences at work. The longer you are out of the workforce, the less likely you are to be promoted or advanced.”

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Mawani, Amin, Associate Professor of Accounting, was quoted in the article, “Financial Independence, Retire Early? Pandemic Work Changes Could Give you Fewer Reasons to Quit’, published in The Globe and Mail on September 4, 2021. “ The pandemic has opened our eyes ... to a new way of working. If you can work from home, and home can be anywhere, it gives you a lot more options and a lot fewer reasons to quit. Why give up income if you don’t have to?”

Shen, Winny, Associate Professor of Organization Studies, was quoted in the article, “Who is Most Desperate to Return to the Office? Age Plays a Major Factor”, published in The Globe and Mail on August 21, 2021. “Young women are more likely to work from home due to child-care responsibilities, which could put them at a disadvantage. Employers might assume that women might be less committed to the job — that’s a dangerous assumption. I think all of that can creep in and lead to different career trajectories for different groups of people.”

Milevsky, Moshe, Professor of Finance, was quoted in the article, “Say Goodbye to the 1% InvestmentAdviser Fee?”, published in The Wall Street Journal on August 9, 2021. “ The arithmetic of the investment fees in a low-return environment can be devastating to the nest egg.”

Shum, Pauline, Professor of Finance, was quoted in the article, “Wealthsimple to Offer Fractional Shares in Both Canadian and U.S. Companies”, published in The Globe and Mail on July 15, 2021. “ We saw what happened in January when Reddit users put a couple hundred dollars into companies like Gamestop or AMC. It creates an environment where investment becomes more like gambling. We don’t want to turn it into a casino. Investing shouldn’t be a game.”

Clayton, Jim, Timothy R. Price Chair in Real Estate and Infrastructure, was quoted in the article, “Will the New Mortgage Rules Tame Canada’s Overheated Housing Market?”, published in The Toronto Star on June 5, 2021. “ I think they’re just trying to signal to and change the psychology a little bit. You know, this is a longterm investment, so the stress test will usefully warn buyers about succumbing to that whole FOMO (fear of missing out) thing. There’ll be a house available for you next year. You don’t have to buy it right now. Don’t go crazy.”

Cho, Charles, Erivan K. Haub Chair in Business and Sustainability, was quoted in the article, “When Volunteers are Innovating in a Crisis, Experts say it’s Time to Rethink Government’s Role”, published by CTVNews.ca on May 11, 2021. “ There was unfortunately a lot more talk than action. Why must we rely on citizens’ free labour … free time and energy?”

Shao, Ruodan, Associate Professor of Organization Studies, was quoted in the article, “85-Year-Old with Alzheimer’s Sold Bell Products and Services he Can’t use After Visit to The Source”, published by CBC News on May 10, 2021. “ During this challenging time, it’s so easy for [companies] to be pushed over this ethical line and … push their employees to engage in sales misconduct. Companies should … offer protection and support for their employees rather than shifting all this financial difficulty and pressure towards their employees.”

Bae, Kee-Hong, Bob Finlayson Chair in International Finance, was quoted in the article, “Communicating in Times of COVID-19”, published in IR Magazine on April 13, 2021. “One would expect better stock price performance from CSR-active firms during the crisis period if those activities genuinely met the stakeholders’ growing demand for CSR caused by the pandemic. But that hasn’t happened — which suggests investors can tell the difference between real CSR performance and cheap talk.”

Lévesque, Moren, CPA Ontario Chair in International Entrepreneurship, was quoted in the article, “A Booster Shot for Big Pharma’s Chronic Productivity Condition: Give Up Sooner”, published in The Globe and Mail on March 22, 2021. “ If research is contained to a small team working on an earlystage discovery process within a large firm with lots of other development drugs nearing approval, “the opportunity cost is small enough to warrant taking the risk of hitting a winner.”

Darke, Peter, Professor of Marketing, was quoted in the article, “Discontinued Dr. Seuss Books Are Selling for This Much Online”, published in the International Business Times on March 10, 2021. “(Sellers and buyers) are likely willing to overlook the racist aspects in the name of things like nostalgia and making money. If they are selling it at a surprisingly high price there’s more going on there than just trying to get rid of it.”

Mead, Nicole, Associate Professor of Marketing, was quoted in the article, “Package-Free Stores: How the Zero-Waste Lifestyle Movement is Boosting a Retail Trend”, published in the Times Colonist on January 29, 2021. “ Consumers want an experience with a certain boutique esthetic and a carefully curated selection of products. It’s not just about environmentalism or sustainability or reducing waste. That’s a huge part of it, but consumers also want their consumption to have a sense of purpose, to feel authentic and maybe even virtuous.”

Kamstra, Mark, Professor of Finance, was quoted in the article, “Canada’s Economy Could See a Full Recovery Next Year — Here’s Why”, published in The Toronto Star on December 12, 2020. “This isn’t a fundamental challenge ... people aren’t going to starve, and the GDP isn’t going to fall seven percent or something. But these kinds of disruptions rarely leave us unscathed.”

Devine, Avis, Associate Professor of Real Estate Finance and Sustainability, was quoted in the article, “Locked in Legal Fight Over Rents, HBC’s Big Plan to Survive COVID-19 May Be to Go Small”, published on CBC News on November 28, 2020. “Retail was changing drastically before COVID came along. All COVID did was expedite it to warp speed.”

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 93

New Media Releases (2021) The Office of the Associate Dean Research has undertaken a number of new initiatives in 2021 to showcase and disseminate the true prowess of the faculty members’ scholarly and research achievements — we work with the media team on media releases about some forthcoming research where media communicates directly to the Schulich community and helps facilitate the mobilization of the faculty’s research. This section presents the list of the 2021 new research media releases: • Drug Development Firms Spending too Much Time on R&D Projects That Have Little Likelihood of Commercial Success. • Does CSR Matter in Times of Crisis? • Researchers Develop Novel Method for Helping People Increase Personal Savings. • Female Board Directors: Window Dressing or Respected Equals? • Selling Voyeurism: How Corporations Use Voyeuristic Practices to Create Entertainment Value. • Making Commercial Buildings More Energy Efficient: Four Proven Strategies. • Stock Market Concentration Stifling Economic Growth, Access to Capital and Innovation.

• Bitcoin: The New Gold? • How Retail Stores Can Reduce Losses Due to Theft. • Enterprise Reform and Technological Innovation in Emerging Economies. • Diversity and Inclusion Efforts Failed Employees of Chinese Descent in Canada and the US during COVID. • Healthcare Philanthropy for the Rich? • Is Air Pollution Bad for Business Ethics? • Why Companies Should Avoid Selecting Higher-Risk, Higher-Reward Suppliers Following a Supply Disruption. • Peer Effects in Corporate Governance Practices. • New Study Explains How Time Influences Consumer Behaviour. • How to Become the Next Uber or Amazon.

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• How Organizations Slowly Change Over Time. • Beyond Retail Stores: Managing Product Proliferation along the Supply Chain. • COVID-19 News Overload Causing Employees to Withdraw from Work. • Looking to Stamp out Contradictions and Conflict in Your Strategy and Organization? Think Twice. • Insights into Who and What is Driving Social Accountability Narratives on Social Media Platforms. • Product Innovation Can Lead to Supply Chain Disruption. • Relational Assets or Liabilities? Competition, Collaboration, and Firm Intellectual Property Breakthrough in the Chinese High-Speed Train Sector.

Books The Research Office takes pride in presenting the accomplishments of our faculty members in the form of books and book chapters. Schulich researchers are conducting top-calibre research and have achieved recognition for business education and scholarship on the international stage.

Gifts, Romance, and Consumer Culture

Handbook of the Sharing Economy

Edited by: Yuko Minowa and Russell W. Belk

Edited by: Russell W. Belk, Giana M. Eckhardt, and Fleura Bardhi

Hardcover: 261 pages Publisher: Routledge Publication Year: 2019 ISBN-10: 1138500704 ISBN 13: 978-1138500709

Business Ethics — Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization, 5th Edition By: Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Sarah Glozer, and Laura Spence Paperback: 656 pages Publisher: Oxford University Press Publication Year: 2019 ISBN-10: 0198810075 ISBN-13: 978-0198810070

Hardcover: 404 pages Publisher: Edward Elgar Publication Year: 2019 ISBN-10: 1788110536 ISBN-13: 978-1788110532

Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Advancing Marginalized Actors and Enhancing Regulatory Quality Edited by: Stepan Wood, Rebecca Schmidt, Errol Meidinger, and Burkard Eberlein, Kenneth W. Abbott Hardcover: 416 pages Publisher: Edward Elgar Publication Year: 2019 ISBN-10: 1788114728 ISBN-13: 978-1788114721

Mobilities of Labour and Capital in Asia

Marketization: Theory and Evidence from Emerging Economics

Edited by: Preet S. Aulakh and Philip F. Kelly

Edited by: Himadri Roy Chaudhuri and Russell W. Belk

Hardcover: 284 pages Publisher: Cambridge University Press Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 1108482325 ISBN-13: 978-1108482325

Hardcover: 334 pages Publisher: Springer Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 9811545138 ISBN-13: 978-9811545139

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 95

Books

Retirement Income Recipes in R: From Ruin Probabilities to Intelligent Drawdowns

Lecture Notes in Investment: Investment Fundamentals

By: Moshe A. Milevsky

Paperback: 280 pages Publisher: World Scientific Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 9811220093 ISBN-13: 978-9811220098

By: Chao Guo and Gregory Saxton

Business Ethics — Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization, 2nd International Edition

The Two-Headed Coin: Unifying Strategy and Risk in Pursuit of Performance

History in Management and Organization Studies: From Margin to Mainstream

By: David Wm. Finnie and James L. Darroch

By: Behlül Üsdiken and Matthias Kipping

By: Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Sarah Glozer, and Laura Spence

Hardcover: 224 pages Publisher: Wiley Publication Year: 2021 ISBN-10: 111979420X ISBN-13: 978-1119794202

Paperback: 312 Pages Publisher: Routledge Publication Year: 2021 ISBN-10: 036761751X ISBN-13: 978-0367617516

Paperback:302 pages Publisher: Springer Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 3030514331 ISBN-13: 978-3030514334

Paperback: 640 pages Publisher: Oxford University Press, India Publication Year: 2020 ISBN: 9780198828792

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By: Eliezer Z Prisman

The Quest for Attention: Nonprofit Advocacy in a Social Media Age

Hardcover:256 pages Publisher: Stanford University Press Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 1503605019 ISBN-13: 978-1503605015

Essentials of Negotiation, 4th Edition By: Roy Lewicki, Kevin Tasa, Bruce Barry, and David Saunders Paperback: 328 pages Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publication Year: 2020 ISBN-10: 1260065871 ISBN-13: 978-1260065879

Trabajo Misionero El Banco Mundial (Missionary Work and the World Bank: The Diffusion of Financial Practices) Edited by: Dean Neu and Elizabeth Ocampo Hardcover: 203 pages Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Colombia Publication Year: 2021 ISBN: 978-958-794-320-7

Evolution and Innovation of China’s Telecom Industry Network, Chinese Edition Edited by: Justin Tan, Zhang H., and Lin R. Paperback: 181 pages Publisher: Science Press Publication Year: 2021 ISBN-10: 7030681568 ISBN-13: 978-7030681560

Canadian Organizational Behaviour, 11th Edition By: Kevin Tasa, Sandra Steen, and Steven McShane Paperback Publisher: McGraw-Hill Canada Publication Year: 2021 ISBN-10: 1264160321 ISBN-13: 978-1264160327

Like A Child Would Do: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Childlikeness in Past and Current Societies Edited by: Mathieu A. Oliver and Russell W. Belk Paperback: 250 pages Publisher: Universitas Press Publication Year: 2021 ISBN-10: 1988963362

ISBN-13: 978-1988963365

FORTHCOMING Coping with Global Institutional Change: A Tale of India’s Pharmaceutical and Textile Industries

Consumer Culture in Precarious Asia

By: Preet S. Aulakh and R. Chittor

Publisher: Routledge

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

The Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption Edited by: Russell W. Belk and Rosa Llamas Publisher: Routledge

Edited by: Yuko Minowa and Russell W. Belk

Salvaging Corporate Sustainability: Going Beyond the Business Case By: Michael L. Barnett, Irene Henriques, and Bryan W. Husted Publisher: Edward Elgar

The Business of Infrastructure

Selling Management Ideas Globally: The Role of Business Schools, Management Consultants and Business Media By: Lars Engwall and Matthias Kipping Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

From Racket to Riches: The Management Consulting Business in Historical and Comparative Perspective By: Matthias Kipping

By: Sherena Hussain and James McKellar

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Publisher: Routledge

Segmentation Simplified: A Strategic Approach to B2B Segmentation By: Ajay Sirsi Publisher: Createspace

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 97

Book Chapters Annisette, Marcia (2020). “Race and Ethnicity Revised.” In Walker, S. and Edwards, R. (Eds.), Routledge Companion to Accounting History. Pp. 530-552. London: Routledge.

Belk, Russell (2020). “Branding and Marketing.” In Stefan Schwarzkopf (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Economic Theology (pp. 220-227). Abingdon, UK: Routledge. (with S. Schwarzkopf)

Aulakh, Preet S. (2019) “Managing Risks in Cross-Border Licensing Alliances: Interdependence, Contract Structure and Knowledge Transfer.” In T.K. Das (Editor), Managing Interpartner Risks in Strategic Alliances. Charlotte, N.C. Information Age Publishing, 35-76. (with Marshall Jiang and Rekha Krishnan)

Belk, Russell (2020). “Commodification as a Part of Marketization.” In Himadri Roy Chaudhuri and Russell Belk (Eds.), Marketization: Theory and Evidence from Emerging Markets (pp. 31-72). Singapore: Springer.(with H.R. Chaudhuri)

Aulakh, Preet S. (2020). “Introduction: Conceptualizing Labour and Capital Mobilities In and Out of Asia.” In Preet S. Aulakh and Philp F. Kelly (Eds.), Mobilities of Labour and Capital in Asia (pp. 1-27). New York: NY: Cambridge University Press. (with P. F. Kelley) Aulakh. Preet S. (Forthcoming) “Institutional Differences and the Value of Identity Bridging Role of Trust in Cross-Border Alliances.” In T.K. Das (Editor), Managing Interpartner Cooperation in Strategic Alliances. Charlotte, N.C. Information Age Publishing. (with Rekha Krishnan) Belk, Russell (2019). “Anthropology of Chinese Foodways — preface.” In Tian Guang and Chen Gang (Eds.), Anthropology of Chinese Foodways. Boynton Beach, FL: North American Business Press. (with T. Guang and G. Chen) Belk, Russell (2019). “Introduction to the Handbook of the Sharing Economy: The Paradox of the Sharing Economy.” In Russell Belk, Giana Eckhardt, and Fleura Bardhi, eds., Handbook of the Sharing Economy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2019, 1-8. (with G. Eckhardt and F. Bardhi) Belk, Russell (2019). “Introduction.” In Yuko Minowa and Russell Belk, ed., Romantic Gift Giving and Consumer Culture. (with Y. Minowa) Belk, Russell (2019). “White Day in Japan.” In Yuko Minowa and Russell Belk, ed., Romantic Gift Giving and Consumer Culture, London: Routledge, 145-182. (with Y. Minowa and T. Matsui) Belk, Russell (2019). “Romantic Gift Giving of Mature Consumers.” In Yuko Minowa and Russell Belk, ed., Romantic Gift Giving and Consumer Culture, London: Routledge, 50-91. (with Y. Minowa)

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Belk, Russell (2020). “Cultures, Consumers, and Corporations.” In Luca Visconti, Lisa Peñaloza, and Nil Toulouse (Eds.), Cultural Marketing Management: Strategies and Practices, 2nd ed. (pp. 17-32). London: Routledge. (with L. Visconti, L. Peñaloza, and N.Toulouse) Belk, Russell (2020). “Foreword.” In Robert Tian and Liu Hong Fei (Eds.), Belt and Road vs. China and the World: Perspectives of the Chinese (pp. vii-xix). Miami, FL: North American Business Press. (with R. Tian and L. Fei) Belk, Russell (2020). “Foreword.” In Tianjin Wang, Yu Liu, and Kathy Tian (Eds.), Marketing and Economics in Modern China (pp. 7). Atlanta, GA: North American Business Press. Belk, Russell (2020). “High End Contemporary Art: Art for Art’s Sake or Art for Mart’s Sake?” In Karin Ekström (Ed.), Museum and Art business: Cultural Institutions and Market Orientation, London: Routledge. (with K. Ekström) Belk, Russell (2020). “Little Luxuries: Decencies, Deservingness, and Delight.” In Timothy Malefyt and Maryann McCabe (Eds.), Women, Consumption and Paradox (pp. 239252). London: Routledge. (with T. Malefyt and M. McCabe) Belk, Russell (2020). “Luxury Brands and the Use of Art in Marketing.” In Pierre-Yves Donzé, Véronique Pouillard, and Joanne Robert (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Luxury Business (pp. 1-23). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (with A. Joy) Belk, Russell (2020). “Preface.” In Himadri Roy Chaudhuri and Russell Belk (Eds.), Marketization: Theory and Evidence from Emerging Markets, Singapore: Springer. (with H.R. Chaudhuri) Belk, Russell (2020). “The Evolving Nature of Luxury: The Changing Notion of Materialism and Status in an Increasingly Dematerialized World.” In Felicitas Morhart, (Ed.), Research Handbook on Luxury Branding. Edward Elgar, Branding and Marketing. (with F. Morhart)

Belk, Russell (2021), “Social Change and Gendered Gift Giving Rituals: A Historical Analysis of Valentine’s Day in Japan.” In Jooyeon Rhee, Chikako Nagayama, and Eric Ping Hung Li (Eds.), Gender and Food in Transnational East Asia: Towards a Dialogue Across Boundaries. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield 2021. (with Y. Minowa and O. Khomenko) Belk, Russell (2021). “Foreword — in Which Loveable Hello Kitty Meets Evil Ronald McDonald.” In Sotiris Lalaounis (Ed.), Strategic Brand Management and Development: Creating and Marketing Successful Brands (pp. 1-6). London: Routledge. (with S. Lalaounis) Belk, Russell (2021). “Humility versus Humiliation in Old Age.” In Rebekah Modrak and Jamie Vanderbrock (Eds.), Radical Humility: Essays on Ordinary Acts (pp. 189-198). Cleveland, OH: Belt Publishing, reprinted is ResInt. (with R. Modrak and J. Vanderbrock) Belk, Russell (2021). “Consumer Culture in Precarious Asia: An Introduction.” In Consumer Culture in Precarious Asia, Yuko Minowa and Russell Belk, eds., London: Routledge. (with Y. Minowa) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Chatbots.” In Russell Belk and Rosa Llamas (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption. London: Routledge. (with R. Llammas) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Consumer Childlikeness.” In Mathieu Alemany Oliver and Russell Belk (Eds.), Like A Child Would Do: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Childlikeness in Past and Current Societies. Toronto: Universitas Press. (with M. A. Oliver) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Consumer Culture in Precarious Asia: An Introduction.” In Yuko Minowa and Russell Belk (Eds.), Consumer Culture in Precarious Asia. London: Routledge. (with Y. Minowa) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Foreword.” In Robert Tian and Liu Hong Fei (Eds.), Belt and Road vs. China and the World: Perspectives of the Chinese (pp. vii-xix). Miami, FL: North American Business Press. (with R. Tian and H. Liu) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Foreword: The Sharing Economy in Europe.” In Cristina Miguel, Vida Česnuitytė, Andrzej Klimczuk, Gabriela Avram (Eds.), The Sharing Economy in Europe: Developments, Practices, and Contradictions. Brussels: European Union COST, Cooperation in Science and Technology. (with C. Miguel, V. Česnuitytė, A. Klimczuk, and G. Avram)

Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Introduction to Representing the Self and Others.” In Russell Belk and Rosa Llamas (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption. London: Routledge. (with R. Llammas) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Introduction: Childlikeness and Adults.” In Mathieu Alemany Oliver and Russell Belk (Eds.), Like A Child Would Do: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Childlikeness in Past and Current Societies. Toronto: Universitas Press. (with M. A. Oliver) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “Luxury Brands and the Use of Art in Marketing.” In Annamma Joy, Pierre-Yves Donzé, Véronique Pouillard, and Joanne Robert (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Luxury Business (pp. 1-23). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (with A. Joy, P.Y. Donzé, V. Pouillard, and J. Robert) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “The Dual Dangers of the Gift.” In A. Urakova (Ed.), Dangerous Gifts. London: Routledge. (with A. Urakova) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “The Passion for Fast Fashion: An Interpretation.” In Karin Ekström (Ed.), Marketing Fashion: A Cultural Approach, London: Routledge. (with K. Ekström) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming). “What the COVID-19 Lockdowns Told us About Luxury Consumption.” In Annamma Joy (Ed.), The Future of Luxury Worlds: Sustainability and Artifaction. Berlin: De Gruyter. (with A. Joy) Belk, Russell (In Press). “Online (Dis)trust: A Decade Later.” In Peter Darke and Rosa Llamas (Eds.), The Digital Consumer (2nd ed). Routledge: NY. (with P. Darke and R. Llamas) Biehl, Markus (2021). “A Triadic Perspective on the Risks and Benefits of IS Outsourcing in a Software as a Service (SaaS) Environment.” In Kurt Engemann (Ed.), Developments in Managing and Exploiting Risk, Volume 4: Socio-Political Risk Management: Assessing and Managing Global Insecurity. DeGruyter, Munich. (with N. Kulangara) Cho, Charles H. (2020). “Is the Integrated Report a Potential Source of Information on Sustainable Value Creation?” In C. de Villiers and K. Hsiao (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Integrated Reporting Routledge. UK. (with E. Albertini)

Darke, Peter R. (2019). “Occupational Stress and Well-Being of Persuasion Agents.” In P.L. Perrewé and P.D. Harms (Eds.), Examining the Role of Well-being in the Marketing Discipline, Occupational Stress and Well-Being (Volume 17). Emerald Publishing: Bingley, UK. (with A.E. Wilson)

Henriques, Irene (2020). “An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship.” In Colbourne, R. and Anderson, R. (Eds.), Indigenous SelfDetermination and Sustainable Economic Development (pp. 313-340). London, United Kingdom: Routledge Publishers. (with R. Colbourne, A. Peredo, and R. Anderson)

Darke, Peter R. (In Press). “Online (Dis)trust: A Decade Later.” In Russell Belk and Rosa Llamas (Eds.), The Digital Consumer (2nd ed), Routledge: NY. (with M.S. Kermani and M.K. Brady)

Henriques, Irene (2021). “Sustainability Strategies.” In Duhaime, I.M., Hitt, M.A. and Lyles, M.A. (Eds.), Strategic Management: State of the Field and Its Future. New York: Oxford University Press. (with M. Barnett and B.W. Husted)

Eberlein, Burkard (2020). “Building Bridges: How Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) can Help CSR Research to Investigate the ‘New’ Political Role of Corporations.” In M. Nagel, P. Kenis, P. Leifeld, H.-J. Schmedes (Eds.), Politische Komplexität, Governance von Innovationen und Policy-Netzwerke (Political Complexity, Governance of Innovation and Policy Networks) (PP. 139-146). Springer Publisher. (with A. Rinscheid) Farjoun, Moshe (2021). “Dialectical Models of Change: An Escher-Inspired Reflection.” In Poole, M. S. and Van de Ven, A.H. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Organization Change and Innovation, 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. Farjoun, Moshe (2021). “The Becoming of Change in 3D: Dialectics, Darwin and Dewey.” In Poole, M. S. and Van de Ven, A.H. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Organization Change and Innovation, 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. Fischer, Eileen (2019). “Airbnb and Hybridized Logics of Commerce and Hospitality.” In R. Belk, G. Eckhardt and F. Bardi (Eds.), Handbook on the Sharing Economy. Edward Elgar, Chapter 14. (with G. Von Richthofen) Fischer, Eileen (2021). “Considering the Impacts of Transgressive Behaviors Among Interactive Online Audiences.” In R. Belk and R. Lamas (Eds.), Digital Markets. London: Routledge. (with A. Baudet and M.A. Parmentier) Fischer, Eileen (2021). “Feminist Brands: What Are They, and What’s The Matter With Them?” In P. Maclaran, L. Stevens and O. Kravets (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Marketing and Feminism. Routledge. (with C. Otnes)

Kim, Henry M. (2020), “Business Process Transformation in Natural Resources Development Using Blockchain: Indigenous Entrepreneurship, Trustless Technology, and Rebuilding Trust.” In Trebelmeier, H. Silaber, C., and Clohessy, T. (Eds.), Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology Use Cases: Applications and Lessons Learned. Springer. (with Sengupta, Ushnish) Kim, Henry M. (2020). “A Discussion on Decentralization in Financial Industry and Monetary System.” In Balachandran, K.R. (Ed.), Information for Efficient Decision Making: Big Data, Blockchain and Relevance. World Scientific Publishing. (with A.R. Zhang and Farookh Zandi) Kim, Henry M. (2021). “Blockchains and Provenance: How a Technical System for Tracing Origins, Ownership and Authenticity can Transform Social Trust,” In Lemieux, V. and Feng, C. (Eds.), Building Decentralized Trust: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Design of Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers. Springer. (with Batista, Danielle, Hrvoje Stancic, Chandana Unnithan, and Victoria Lemieux) Kipping, Matthias (2020), ‘Masters of Global: Consultants and Internationalization.’ In T. Lopes, C. Lubinski and H. Tworek (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business. London: Routledge, pp. 138-155. Kipping, Matthias (2020), “The Other Siemens: Its Role in Transforming the Training of Managers in Germany.” In S. Hilger and H.A. Wessel (Eds.), Unternehmen im Wettbewerb: Gedenkschrift für Wilfried Feldenkirchen (pp. 147-168). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. Kipping, Matthias (2021), “America First: How Consultants Got into the Public Sector.” In Chris Hurl and Anne Vogelpohl (Eds.), Professional Service Firms and Politics in a Global Era: Public Policy, Private Expertise (pp. 29-52). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

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Book Chapters

Kipping, Matthias (2021), “From Private Advice to Public Policy? The Evolution of Consultancy Think Tanks.” In J. Landry (Ed.), Critical Perspectives on Think Tanks: Power, Politics and Knowledge (pp. 36-55). Aldershot: Edward Elgar. Kipping, Matthias (Forthcoming), “Management Consultants: From Pariah to Hegemon?” In Faïz Gallouj, Camal Gallouj, Marie-Christine Monnoyer, Luis Rubalcaba, and Markus Scheuer (Eds.) Elgar Encyclopedia of Service Studies, Aldershot: Edward Elgar. Lyons, Brent (2019), “Disclosure and Identity Management Strategies of Racioethnic Minority LGB Workers.” Research on Social Issues in Management: Pushing our Understanding of Diversity in Organizations. (with R. Trau) Lyons, Brent (2021), “Developing Testable and Important Research Questions.” In Cooper, Camic, Long, Panter, Rindskoof, and Sher (Eds.), The APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology 2nd Edition. Washington: APA. (with F.T. Leong and N. Schmitt) Lyons, Brent (Forthcoming), “Disability as An Enabler of Career Success and Inclusion.” In S. Robinson and K. Fisher (Eds.), Elgar Handbook on Disability Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing. (with D. Samosh, M. Kulkarni, and A. Santuzzi) Lyons, Brent (Forthcoming), “Neuroqueerness and Management Research.” De Gruyter Handbook of Disability and Management. (with C. Bryan and S.D. Volpone) Madhok, Anoop (2019). “Phased Acquisitions for Disruptive Innovation: Toward a Micro-Level Governance Perspective.” In J. Sydow and H. Berends (Eds.), Managing Interorganizational Collaboration: Process views. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, vol 64. Emerald Press. (with D. Faems) Matten, Dirk (2019). “The Dynamics of CSR in a Comparative Perspective: Convergence Towards Divergent Hybrids.” In J.B. Ciulla, T.K. Scharding (Eds.), Ethical Leadership in Troubling Times (pp. 22-40). Cheltenham (Edward Elgar). (with J. Moon)

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Matten, Dirk (Forthcoming). “Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Groups.” In D. Poff, A. Michalos (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, Berlin (Springer International). (with M. Ararat and A.M. Colpan) Mawani, Amin (2020). “Assessing How Ottawa’s New Wage Subsidy Lines up with EI and CERB.” In G. Bishop, B. Dachis, J. Kronick, P. Mahboubi and R. Wyonch (Eds.), Climbing Out of Covid Policy Study 48. C.D. Howe Institute. (with S. Hajee) McMillan, Charles (2021). “The Age of Consequence: The Ordeals of Public Policy in Canada.” (pp. 450). Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021). Prisman, Eliezer (2021). “Real Estate Transactions in Ancient Israel: Excavating Embedded Options Utilizing Modern Finance and Comparing it to Ontario Property and Contract Law.” In Gil Epstein and Eli Katz (Eds.), Jewish law, lore and economics. (Provisional title) Essays in memory of Jacob Rosenberg. Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan, Israel. (with Marvin J. Huberman) Sadorsky, Perry (2021). “The Impact of Market Uncertainty on the Systematic Risk of Clean Energy Stocks.” In Christos Floros and Ioannis Chatziantoniou (Eds.), Applications in Energy Finance: The Energy Sector, Economic Activity, Financial Markets and the Environment. Springer Nature. Shen, Winny (2021). “Work-Family Research: Questioning Assumptions and Looking Forward for True Impact.” In E.K. Kelloway and C. Cooper (Eds.), Research Agenda for Workplace Stress and Wellbeing (pp 119-133). Elgar. (with K.M. Shockley) Shen, Winny (In Press). “Culture and WorkFamily Dynamics.” In M. Gelfand and M. Erez (Eds.), Oxford Handbook on Culture and Organizations. Oxford University Press. (with K.S. Shockley) Tasa, Kevin (Forthcoming). “Conflict Resolution Through Negotiation and Mediation.” In Pearce, C. and Locke, E.A. (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior (3rd edition). New York: Blackwell Wiley. (with E. Chadha)

Thorne, Linda (2020). “Personal Tax Compliance: Ethical Decision Making in the Tax Context.” In Eileen Taylor and Paul Williams (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Accounting Ethics. Routledge. (with J. Farrar and D. Massey) Thorne, Linda (2021). “Exposing the Political Chameleon: Insights into Canadian Taxpayers’ Perceptions of Tax Fairness.” In Heaman, Elsbeth (Ed.), Who pays for Canada. McGill Queens University Press. (with J. Farrar and D. Massey) Veresiu, Ela (2021). “Marketing and Nostalgia: Unpacking the Past and Future of Marketing and Consumer Research on Nostalgia.” In Michael Hviid Jacobsen (Ed.), Intimations of Nostalgia: Explorations of an Enduring Emotion, 171-190. (with T.D. Robinson and A.B. Rosario) Veresiu, Ela (Forthcoming). “Consumer Culture.” In Cait Lamberton, Derek Rucker, and Stephen Spiller (Eds.), Handbook of Consumer Psychology (2nd Edition). Veresiu, Ela (Forthcoming). “Global Mobiligies.” In . Eric J. Arnould, David Crockett, Craig J. Thompson, and Michelle Weinberger (Eds.), Consumer Culture Theory (2nd Edition). (with F. Bardhi, M. Luedicke, and Z. Sharifonnasabi) Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020). “A Stchastic, Multicriteria, Firefly Algorithm-Based Approach for Waste Management Decision-Making.” In A. Baswell (Ed.), Advances in Mathematics Research (pp. 1-27). Nova Publishers, Hauppauge, NY. (with A. Baswell) Zwick, Detlev (Forthcoming). “Digital Marketing: From Customer Profiling to Computational Marketing Analytics.” In L. Peñaloza, N. Toulouse and L.M. Visconti (Eds.), Marketing Management: A Cultural Perspective. Routledge. (with N. Dholakia)

Journal Articles One of the features that makes a school of business perform at a consistently high level is the quality of its researchers. Scholars at Schulich have transformed the way management educators understand core issues in many areas and are publishing in prestigious journals. Annisette, Marcia (2020), “Performative Agency and Incremental Change in a CSR Context,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 82, 1-22. (with C. Graham and C. Grisard) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.aos.2019.101092 Annisette, Marcia (2021), “Editorial: Accounting Research and Practice in the time of pandemic (v5)” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 90, 101243. (with K. Robson and M.E. Peecher) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2021.101243 Aulakh, Preet S. (2019), “Colonial Subjectivities and Shifting Legalities in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies,” Law and Literature, 31(3), 415-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1535685X.2018.1550242 Aulakh, Preet S. (2021), “Law, Identity and Imperial Logics of Exclusion: The Case of the Komagata Maru Passengers,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 49(5), 866-898. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.20 20.1848029 Aulakh, Preet S. (2021), “Pluralistic Ignorance, Risk Perception, and the Governance of the Dark Side in Peer-to-Peer Transactions: Evidence from the Indian Banking Industry,” Journal of Business Research, 129, 328-340. (with S. Basu and S. Munjal) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.061 Auster, Ellen (2020), “Conquer Your to Do List With This Simple Hack,” Harvard Business Review. (with S. Auster-Weiss) https://hbr.org/ 2020/08/conquer-your-to-do-list-with-thissimple-hack Auster, Ellen (2021), “Collective Identity Development Amid Institutional Chaos: Boundary Evolution in a Women’s Rights Movement in Post Gaddafi Libya,” Organization Studies. (with N. Basir and T. Ruebottom) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01708406211044898 Auster, Ellen (Forthcoming), “Values, Authenticity and Responsible Leadership,” R. Edward Freeman’s Selected Works on Stakeholder Theory and Business Ethics. (with R.E. Freeman) Bae, Kee-Hong (2019), “Does Competition Affect Ratings Quality? Evidence from Canadian Corporate Bonds,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 58, 605-623. (with H. Driss and G. Roberts) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jcorpfin.2019.07.009

Bae, Kee-Hong (2019), “Does Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce the Costs of High Leverage? Evidence from Capital Structure and Product Markets Interactions,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 100, 135-150. (with Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Chuck C.Y. Kwok, and Ying Zheng) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbankfin.2018.11.007 Bae, Kee-Hong (2020), “Relative Industry Valuation and Cross-border Listings,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 119 (October). (with Y. Ding and X. Wang) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105899 Bae, Kee-Hong (2021), “Value-destroying Mergers: Evidence from Korean Business Groups,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 50, 589-622. (with Kyunghyun Kim) https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12358 Bae, Kee-Hong (2021), “Board Reforms and Dividend Policy: International Evidence,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56 (4), 1296-1320. (with S. Ghoul, O. Guedhami, and X. Zheng) http://doi.org/10.1017/ S0022109020000319 Bae, Kee-Hong (2021), “Does CSR Matter in Times of Crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 67, 101876. (with S. E. Ghoul, Z. Gong, and O. Guedhami) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jcorpfin.2020.101876 Bae, Kee-Hong (2021), “Why is Stock Market Concentration Bad for the Economy?” Journal of Financial Economics, 140(2), 436-459. (with W. Bailey and J. Kang) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.01.002 Bamber, Matthew (2019), “A New World Order for the Beer Industry: A Review of the Acquisition of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch AB InBev,” Accounting Perspectives, 18(2), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12197 Bamber, Matthew (2020), “On the “Realities” of Investor-Manager Interactivity: Baudrillard, Hyperreality, and Management Q&A Sessions,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 37(2), 1290-1325. (with S. Abraham) https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1911-3846.12539

Bamber, Matthew (2021), “Conceptualising ‘Within-group Stigmatisation’ Among HighStatus Workers,” Work, Employment and Society. (with B. Lyons, and J. McCormack) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F09500170211041287 Belk, Russell (2019), “Convergence Markets: Virtual [Corpo]reality,” Markets, Globalization and Development Review, 3 (3). (with T. Harwood and T. Garry) https://doi.org/ 10.23860/MGDR-2018-03-03-03 Belk, Russell (2019), “Consumer Resilience and Subservience in Technology Consumption by the Poor,” Consumption Markets and Culture, 22 (5-6), 489-507. (with A. Bhattacharyya) https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2018.1562686 Belk, Russell (2019), “Design Fiction Diegetic Prototyping: A Research Framework for Visualizing Service Innovations,” Journal of Services Marketing, 34 (1), 59-73. (with T. Harwood and T. Garry) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/jsm-11-2018-0339 Belk, Russell (2019), “Servant, Friend or Master? The Relationships Users Build with Voice Controlled Smart Devices,” Journal of Marketing Management, 35 (7-8), 693-715. (with F. Schweitzer, W. Jordan, and M. Ortner) https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1596970 Belk, Russell (2019), “The Future of Globalization: A Comment,” International Marketing Review, 36(4), 545-547. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-01-2019-0009 Belk, Russell (2019), “No Assemblage Required: On Pursuing, Original Consumer Culture Theory,” Marketing Theory, 19 (4), 489-507. (with R. Sobh) https://doi.org/10.1177% 2F1470593118809800 Belk, Russell (2019), “The Body as (Another) Place: Producing Embodied Heterotopias Through Tattooing,” Journal of Consumer Research, 46 (3), 483-507. (with D. Roux) https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucy081 Belk, Russell (2020), “Conceptualizing Unconventional Luxury,” Journal of Business Research, 116, 441-445. (with J. Holmqvist, A. Hemetsberger, S. von Wallpach, and T. Thomsen) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbusres.2020.01.058

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Journal Articles

Belk, Russell (2020), “I Am the Old and the New’: Aboriginal Arts in the Australian Art World, 1973-2018,” The Journal of Business Diversity, 20(2), 74-93. (with R. Rentschler, M. Hawkes, and B. Martin) https://doi.org/ 10.33423/jbd.v20i2.2901 Belk, Russell (2020), “Artificial Life,” Journal of Macromarketing, 40(2), 221-236. (with M. Humayun and A. Gopaldas) https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0276146719897361 Belk, Russell (2020), “Consumer Reception of New Technologies,” International Journal of Business Anthropology, 10(1), 49-65. (with M. Humayun and A. Gopaldas) https://doi.org/ 10.33423/ijba.v10i1.2922 Belk, Russell (2020), “Fundraising Design: Key Issues, Unifying Framework, and Open Puzzles,” Marketing Letters, 31, 371–380. (with E. Haruvy, P.P. Leszczyc, G. Allenby, C. Eckel, R. Fisher, S.X. Li, J.A. List, Y. Ma, and Y. Wang) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09534-8 Belk, Russell (2020), “Life in a Post-Pandemic World,” ResInt Research Review, 4(1), 20-23. https://riwi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ ResInt-Research-Review-2020.pdf Belk, Russell (2020), “Moments of Luxury — A Qualitative Account of the Experiential Essence of Luxury,” Journal of Business Research, 116, 491-502. (with A. Hemetsberger, S. von Walpach, and T.U. Thom) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.060 Belk, Russell (2020), “One Country, Two Systems: Consumer Acculturation of Hong Kong Locals,” European Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 1-25. (with A. Joy, J. Wang and J.F. Sherry Jr) https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-022018-0119 Belk, Russell (2020), “Post-pandemic Consumption: Portal to a New World?” Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 18(3), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120200175x Belk, Russell (2020), “Resurrecting Marketing,” Academy of Marketing Science Review, 10, 168171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00182-9 Belk, Russell (2020), “The Analogue Diaries of Postdigital Consumption,” Journal of Marketing Management, 36 (7-8), 633-659. (with M. Humayun) https://doi.org/10.1080/026725 7X.2020.1724178

102 Schulich School of Business

Belk, Russell (2020), “Thought Leadership in Marketing Theory and Method,” European Journal of Marketing, 54 (11), 2645-2649. (with A.M. Doherty and F. Kerrigan) https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-11-2020-977 Belk, Russell (2020), “What Are Digital Possessions: Theoretical Approaches and Extensions,” in Janice Denegri-Knott, Rebecca Jenkins, and Siân Lindley, “What is Digital Possession and How to Study It: A Conversation with Russell Belk, Rebecca Mardon, Giana M. Eckhardt, Varala Maraj, Will Odom, Massimo Airoldi, Alessandro Caliandro, Mike Molesworth, and Alessandro Gandini,” Journal of Marketing Management, 36 (9-10), 942-971. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X. 2020.1761864 Belk, Russell (2020), “Emotion and Consumption: Towards a New Understanding of Cultural Collisions between Hong Kong and PRC Luxury Consumers,” Journal of Consumer Culture, 20 (4), 578-597. (with A. Joy, J. Wang, and J.F. Sherry) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14695 40518764247 Belk, Russell (2020), “Qualitative Approaches to Life Course Research: Linking Life Story to Gift Giving,” Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 30 (1) 60-75. (with Y. Minowa) https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159. 2019.1613905 Belk, Russell (2021), “Humility vs. Humiliation on Old Age,” ResInt Research Review, 5 (1), 35-39. Belk, Russell (2021), “Commentaries on the Sharing Economy: Advancing New Perspectives,” Journal of Service Management Research, 5 (1), 3-19. (with M. P. Fritze, M. Benkenstein, J. Peck, J. Wirtz, and B. Claus) http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/2511-8676-2021-1-3 Belk, Russell (2021), “Enchantment and Perpetual Desire: Theorizing Disenchanted Enchantment and Technology Adoption,” Marketing Theory, 21(1), 25-52. (with R. Kozinets and H. Weijo) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14705 93120961461 Belk, Russell (2021), “Stabilizing Collaborative Consumer Networks: How Technological Mediation Shapes Relational Work,” European Journal of Marketing, 55(5), 1385-1410. (with M. Makkar and Sheau-Fen Yap) https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2019-0470

Belk, Russell (2021), “Ethical Issues in Service Robotics and Artificial Intelligence,” The Service Industries Journal, 41 (13-14), 860-876. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2020.1727892 Belk, Russell (2021), “Normative Violence in Domestic Service: A Study of Exploitation, Status, and Grievability,” Journal of Business Ethics, 171 (4), 645-665. (with R. Varman, P. Skålen, and H. Chowdhury) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10551-020-04444-1 Belk, Russell (2021), “Localizing Taste: Using Metaphors to Understand Loctural Consumptionscapes,” Food, Culture, and Society, 24(3), 431-445. (with R. Emile and J. Clammer) https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014. 2021.1882169 Belk, Russell (2021), “Commentary — Look East, Young Sojourner!” International Marketing Review, 38(4), 660-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IMR-07-2021-386 Belk, Russell (2021), “Narratives Selves in the Digital World: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(2), 368-380. (with V. Jain, A. Ambika, and M. Pathak-Shelat) https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1869 Belk, Russell (2021), “Consumers’ Technologyfacilitated Brand Engagement and Wellbeing: Positivist TAM/PERMA- vs. Consumer Culture Theory Perspectives,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38 (2), 387-401. (with L. Hollebeek) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijresmar.2021.03.001 Belk, Russell (2021), “Decolonizing Marketing,” Consumption, Markets, and Culture, November, 1-11. (with G. Eckhardt, Güliz Ger. T. Bradford, S. Dobscha, and R. Varman) https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2021.1996734 Belk, Russell (2021), “Extending Diderot Unities: How Cosmetic Surgery Changes Consumption,” Psychology and Marketing, 28 (5), 745-758. (with H. Gonzalez-Jimenez and S. Song) https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21463 Belk, Russell (2021), “Transhumanism in Speculative Fiction,” Journal of Marketing Management, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0267257X.2021.1900894 Belk, Russell (2021), “Yours and Mine versus ‘Ours’ Alternative Claims to Property Ownership, London” Journal of Consumer Culture, 1469–5405. https://doi.org/10.1177% 2F1469540521994325

Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Augmented Reality Magic Mirror in the Service Sector: Experiential Consumption and the Self,”, Journal of Service Management. (with K. Ahmed and A. Ambika) https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-12-2021-0484

Bell, Christopher (2020), “Does ‘the Servant as Leader’ Translate into Chinese? A Cross-cultural Meta-analysis of Servant Leadership,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(3), 315-329. (with A.M. Stein and Y.A. Min) https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1703681

Cho, Charles H. (2020), “CSR Accounting ‘New Wave’ Researchers: ‘Step Up to The Plate’… Or ‘Stay Out of The Game’,” Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 19(4), 626-650. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24818/jamis.2020.04001

Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Money, Sacrificial Work, and Poor Consumers,” Journal of Consumer Research. (with R. Varman and H. Sreekumar)

Bell, Christopher (2020), “How Do Power and Status Differ in Predicting Unethical Decisions? A Cross-National Comparison of China and Canada,” Journal of Business Ethics, 167(4), 745-760. (with, S. Chen, Y. Liu, and J. Tan) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04150-7

Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Neoliberal Control Devices and Social Discrimination: The Case of Paris Saint-Germain Football Club Fans,” Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 19(3), 409-443. (with C. Cooper, F. Janin, and M. Rogerson) http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/jamis.2020.03001

Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “The Fruits of Business Anthropology in China,” International Journal of Business Anthropology, republished in Chinese in Journal of Huaihua University. Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Original Consumer Research versus Theory Enabled Research,” Marketing Theory. (with R. Canniford and P-Y. Dolbec and E. Fischer) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Uncertain Consumption Practices in an Uncertain Future,” Cadernos EBAPE.BR. (with V. Lima and L. Pessôa) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Human Enhancement Technologies and the Future of Consumer Well-Being,” Journal of Services Marketing. (with V. Lima) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JSM-09-2021-0363 Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “A Race to the Top: Luxury Performances and Conspicuous Consumption at Jatt Weddings in the Punjab,” Journal of Consumer Behavior. (with R. Bhardwaj and A. Joy) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Artificial Emotions and Love and Sex Doll Service Workers,” Journal of Service Research. Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Facing Up to Things,” Foundation and Trends in Marketing. Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Marketing the Brave,” European Journal of Marketing. (Anne M. Doherty and F. Kerigan) Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “Qualitative Research: Going Beyond Description,” Psychology and Marketing. (with R Varman and D. Bajde)

Bell, Christopher (2021), “How and When Intragroup Relationship Conflict Leads to Knowledge Hiding: The Roles of Envy and Trait Competitiveness,” International Journal of Conflict Management, 32(3), 383-406. (with H. Peng and Y. Li) https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJCMA-03-2020-0041 Bell, Christopher (2021), “Uncharted Waters of Justice Enactment: Venturing into the Social Complexity of Doing Justice in Organizations. Introduction to the Special Issue,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(6), 699-707. (with M.R. Diehl, M. Fortin, M. Gollwitzer, and T. Melkonian) https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2541 Biçer, Işık (2021), “Beyond Retail Stores: Managing Product Proliferation Along the Supply Chain,” Production and Operations Management. (with F. Lücker and T. Boyacı) https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13598 Cao, Melanie (2021), “Valuation of Bitcoin Options,” The Journal of Futures Markets, 41(7), 1007-1026. (with B. Celik) https://doi.org/ 10.1002/fut.22214 Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Advancing Sustainability Reporting in Canada: 2019 Report on Progress,” Accounting Perspectives, 19(3), 181-204. (with K. Bohr, T. J. Choi, K. Partridge, J.M. Shah, and A. Swierszcz) https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1911-3838.12232 Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Assessing the Degree of Sustainability Integration in Canadian Public Sector Procurement,” Sustainability, 12(14), 5550. (with M.D. Ponte and M. Foley) https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145550

Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Organisational Responses to Mandatory Modern Slavery Disclosure Legislation: A Failure of Experimentalist Governance?” Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 33(7), 1505-1534. (with A. Crane, J. Grosvold, M. Rogerson, and V. Soundararajan) https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-12-2019-4297 Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Stretching the Public Purse: Budgetary Responses to COVID-19 in Canada,” Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 32(5), 771-783. (with J. Kurpierz) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JPBAFM-05-2020-0070 Cho, Charles H. (2020), “Towards a Better Understanding of Sustainability Accounting and Management Research and Teaching in North America: A Look at the Community,” Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(6), 985-1007. (with A. Kim, M. Rodrigue, and T. Schneider) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2019-0311 Cho, Charles H. (2021), “Whatever It Takes: First Budgetary Responses to the COVID 19 Pandemic in France,” Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 33(1), 12-23. (with T. Jérôme and J. Maurice) https://doi.org/10.1108/ JPBAFM-07-2020-0126 Cho, Charles H. (2021), “Passing the Buck vs. Sharing Responsibility: The Roles of Government, Firms, and Consumers in Marketplace Risks during COVID-19,” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 6(1), 149-158. (with A. Aboelenien and Z. Arsel) https://doi.org/10.1086/711733

Belk, Russell (Forthcoming), “The Promethean Biohacker: On Consumer Biohacking as a Labour of Love,” Journal of Marketing Management. (with V. Lima and L. Pessôa)

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 103

Journal Articles

Cho, Charles H. (2021), “The Past is Never Dead: The Role of Imprints in Shaping Social and Environmental Reporting in a PostCommunist Context,” Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 34(5), 1109-1136. (with N. Albu, C.N. Albu, and O. Apostol) https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2019-4131

Clayton, Jim (2021), “Resilient Real Estate,” Invited editors introduction to The Journal of Portfolio Management Special Real Estate Issue, 47 (10), 11-24. (with F. Fabozzi, M. Giliberto, J. Gordon, Y. Liang, G. MacKinnon, and A. Mansour) https://doi.org/10.3905/ jpm.2021.1.277

Darke, Peter R. (2020), “Congruence and Incongruence in Advertisement-Medium Combinations: Role of Awareness, Fluency, and Persuasion Knowledge,” Journal of Advertising, 49(2), 141-164. (with C.C. Germelmann, Jean-Luc Herrmann, and M. Kacha) https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2020.1745110

Cho, Charles H. (2021), “Internationalization and CSR Reporting: Evidence from U.S. Companies and their Polish Subsidiaries,” Meditari Accountancy Research, 29(7), 135-162. (with J. Krasodomska, P. Ratliff-Miller, and J. Godawska) https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR06-2020-0922

Clayton, Jim (Forthcoming), “Climate Risks and Their Implications for Commercial Property Valuations,” Journal of Property Investment and Finance. (with S. Devaney, S. Sayce, and J. Van de Wetering)

Darke, Peter R. (2020), “Crying Wolf or Ever Vigilant: Do Wide-Ranging Product Warnings Increase or Decrease Sensitivity to Other Product Warnings?,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 39(1), 62–75. (with K.J. Main) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0743915619829730

Cho, Charles H. (2021), “Measuring CSR Disclosure When Assessing Stock Market Effects,” Accounting and the Public Interest, 21(1), 1-22. (with A. Beelitz, G. Michelon. and D.M. Patten) https://doi.org/10.2308/API2020-017 Cho, Charles H. (2021), “Are Shareholders Willing to Pay for Financial, Social and Environmental Disclosure? A Choice-Based Experiment,” European Accounting Review, 1-28. (with C. de Villiers, M.J. Turner, and R. Scarpa) https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180. 2021.1944890 Cho, Charles H. (Forthcoming), “Contaminated Heart: Does Air Pollution Harm Business Ethics? Evidence from Earnings Manipulation,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with Z. Huang, S. Liu, and D. Yang) Cho, Charles H. (Forthcoming), “The Moral Relationality of Professionalism Discourses: The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility Practitioners in South Korea,” Business and Society. (with H. Shin, M. Brivot, and Jean-Pascal Gond) Clayton, Jim (2021), “Beyond Building Certification: The Impact of Environmental Interventions on Commercial Real Estate Operations,” Energy Economics, 93, 105039. (with A. Devine and R. Holtermans) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105039 Clayton, Jim (2021), “Climate Risk and Real Estate Prices: What Do We Know?” The Journal of Portfolio Management, Special Real Estate Issue 2021, 47 (10), 75-90. (with S. Devaney, S. Sayce, and J. Van de Wetering) https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2021.1.278

104 Schulich School of Business

Cook, Wade (2020), “Balancing Fairness and Efficiency: Performance Evaluation with Disadvantaged Units in Non-Homogeneous Environments,” European Journal of Operational Research, 287(3), 1003-1013. (with C. Chen, Raha Imanirad, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.015 Cook, Wade (2020), “Efficiency Measurement with Products and Partially Desirable CoProducts,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 71(2), 335-345. (with W. Li, Z. Li, L. Liang, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01605682.2018.1542972 Cook, Wade (2021), Efficiency Measurement for Hierarchical Situations,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(3), 654-662. (with W. Li, Z. Li, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01605682.2019.1678409 Coutts, Alexander (2019), “Good News and Bad News are Still News: Experimental Evidence on Belief Updating,” Experimental Economics, 22(2), 369-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10683-018-9572-5 Coutts, Alexander (2019), “Testing Models of Belief Bias: An Experiment,” Games and Economic Behavior, 113, 549-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2018.11.001 Coutts, Alexander (2020), “Does Information Break the Political Resource Curse? Experimental Evidence from Mozambique,” American Economic Review, 110(11), 3431-53. (with A. Armand, P. Vicente, and I. Vilela) https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190842 Darke, Peter R. (2019), “Promouvoir les comportements pro-environnementaux grâce à l’hypocrisie induite,” Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 34(1), 78-94. (with P. Odou and D. Voisin) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F0767370118788479

Darke, Peter R. (2020), “Role of Entertainment, Social Goals, and Accuracy Concerns in Knowingly Spreading Questionable Brand Rumors,” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 5(2), 220-237. (with S. Aditya) https://doi.org/10.1086/707819 Darke, Peter R. (2021), “Understanding the Effects of Counterfeit Quality on Consumer Attitudes Towards Genuine Brands: An Associative Judgment Model,” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 38(3), 229-244. (with T.V. Astray and K. Tasa) https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1602 Darke, Peter R. (2021), “Winning the Battle but Losing the War: Ironic Effects of Training Consumers to Detect Deceptive Advertising Tactics,” Journal of Business Ethics, 1-17 (with J. Sengupta and A.E. Wilson) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04937-7 Deutsch, Yuval (2019), “The Soft Side of Political Conservatism? The Bounded Effects of Political Conservatism on CSR,” Best Paper Proceedings of the Academy of Management Conference, Boston, MA, USA. (with J. Choi) https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.194 Deutsch, Yuval (Forthcoming), “ExplorationExploitation and Acquisition Likelihood in New Ventures,” Small Business Economics, 58, 1475–1496. (with M. Keyhani, M. Lévesque, and A. Madhok) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11187-021-00452-1 Devine, Avis (2019), “High Involvement and Ethical Consumption: A Study of the Environmentally Certified Home Purchase Decision,” Sustainability, 11(19), 5353. (with L. Foti) https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195353

Devine, Avis (2019), “The Financial Benefits to Retail Users of Environmentally Certified Space,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 1586-1599. (with Q. Chang) Devine, Avis (2021), “Beyond Building Certification: The Impact of Environmental Interventions on Commercial Real Estate Operations,” Energy Economics, 93, 105039. (with J. Clayton and R. Holtermans) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105039 Devine, Avis (2021), “Impact of Environmental Investments on Corporate Financial Performance: Decomposing Valuation and Cash Flow Effects,” The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. (with E. Yönder) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-021-09872-y Devine, Avis (Forthcoming), “Underwriting Green Mortgage Backed Securities: Costs and Benefits,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 345, 131019. (with M. McCollum) Dhingra, Vibhuti (2021), “Managing Reputation Risk in Supply Chains: The Role of Risk-sharing under Limited Liability,” Management Science, 67(8), 4845-4862. (with H. Krishnan) https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3752 Diamant, Adam (2020), “Knowledge-Based Automated Planning with 3-D Generative Adversarial Networks,” Medical Physics, 47(2), 297-306. (with A. Babier, R. Mahmood, A. McNiven, and T.C.Y. Chan) https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13896 Diamant, Adam (2020), “Sampling from the Complement of a Polyhedron: An MCMC Algorithm for Data Augmentation,” Operations Research Letters, 48(6), 744-751. (with T.C.Y. Chan and R. Mahmood) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2020.08.014 Diamant, Adam (2020), “The Importance of Evaluating the Complete Automated Knowledge-Based Planning Pipeline,” European Journal of Medical Physics, 72, 73-79. (with A. Babier, R. Mahmood, A. McNiven, and T.C.Y. Chan) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp. 2020.03.016 Diamant, Adam (2021), “Customer Acquisition and Retention: A Fluid Approach for Staffing,” Production and Operations Management, 30 (11), 4236-4257. (with E. Furman and M. Kristal) https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13520 Diamant, Adam (2021), “Dynamic Multistage Scheduling for Patient-Centered Care Plans,” Healthcare Management Science, 24(4), 827-844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-02109566-0

Diamant, Adam (2021), “Prediction of Personal Protective Equipment Use in Hospitals During COVID-19,” Healthcare Management Science, 24, 439-453. (with E. Furman, A. Cressman, S. Shin, A. Kuznetsov, F. Razak, and A. Verma) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-021-09561-5

Everett, Jeffrey (2021), The Centrality of Ethical Utterances Within Professional Narratives,” Accounting History, 27(1), 75-94. (with D. Neu, A. Rahaman, and G. Saxton) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F10323732211040272

Dong, Ming (2021), “Does the Weather Influence Global Stock Returns?” Critical Finance Review, 10, 207-249. (with A. Tremblay) https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2444035

Farjoun, Moshe (2021), “Thriving on Contradiction: Toward a Dialectical Alternative to Fit-Based Models in Strategy (and Beyond),” Strategic Management Journal, 43(2), 340-369. (with P. Fiss) https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3342

Dong, Ming (2021), “Misvaluation and Corporate Inventiveness,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56 (8), 2605-2633. (with D. Hirshleifer and S.H. Teoh) http://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109020000666

Fischer, Eileen (2019), “An Assemblage Theoretic Perspective on a Career in Progress,” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 11(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHRM-122018-0057

Dong, Ming (2021), “Employee Flexibility, Exogenous Risk, and Firm Value,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56(3), 853–884. (with S. Au and A. Tremblay) http://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109019001066

Fischer, Eileen (2019), “Spoils from the Spoiled: Strategies for Entering Stigmatized Markets,” Journal of Management Studies, 56(7), 1260-1286. (with A.S. Shantz, A. Liu, and M. Lévesque) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12339

Eberlein, Burkard (2019), “Who Fills the Global Governance Gap? Rethinking the Roles of Business and Government in Global Governance,” Organization Studies, 40(8), 1125-1145. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F017084061 9847720

Fischer, Eileen (2020), “Collaborative Market Driving: How Peer Firms Can Develop Markets through Collective Action,” Journal of Marketing, 84(5), 41-59. (with A.F. Maciel) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022242920917982

Eberlein, Burkard (2020), “Private Authority in Tackling Cross-border Issues: The Hidden Path of Integrating European Energy Markets,” Journal of European Integration, 42(1), 59-75. (with S. Eckert) https://doi.org/10.1080/070363 37.2019.1708340 Eberlein, Burkard (2020), “Why Do Junctures Become Critical? Political Discourse, Agency, and Joint Belief Shifts in Comparative Perspective,” Regulation and Governance, 14 (4), 653-673. (with A. Rinscheid, P. Emmenegger, and V. Schneider) https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12238 Eberlein, Burkard (2021), “Grounding Transnational Business Governance: A Political- Strategic Perspective on Government Responses in the Global South,” Regulation and Governance, 15(4), 1209-1229. (with J.C. Marques) https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12356 Everett, Jeffrey (2020), “Speaking Truth to Power: Twitter Reactions to the Panama Papers,” Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2), 473-485. (with D. Neu, G. Saxton and A.S. Rahaman)

Fischer, Eileen (2020), “Working It: Managing Professional Brands in Prestigious Posts,” Journal of Marketing. (with M.A. Parmentier) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022242920953818 Fischer, Eileen (2021), “Pay Attention, Please! Person Brand Building in Organized Online Attention Economies,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49, 258-279. (with A.N. Smith) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747020-00736-0 Fischer, Eileen (2021), “Compliments, and A Complement: A Commentary on “Meanings of Theory: Clarifying Theory Through Typification,” Marketing Theory, 21(3), 415-432. Fischer, Eileen (2021), “Putting Qualitative International Business Research in Context(s),” Journal of International Business Studies, 53, 27-38. (with A.R. Reuber) https://doi.org/ 10.1057/s41267-021-00478-3 Fischer, Eileen (2021), “Relying on the Engagement of Others: A Review of the Governance Choices Facing Social Media Platform Start-ups,” International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 40(1), 3-22. (with A.R. Reuber) https://doi.org/10.1177% 2F02662426211050509

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 105

Journal Articles

Fischer, Eileen (2021), “Something Old, Something New: Enabled Theory Building in Qualitative Marketing Research,” Marketing Theory, 21 (4), 443-461. (with P. Dolbec and R. Canniford) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147059 31211032257

Graham, Cameron (2021), “On Theoretical Engorgement and the Myth of Fair Value Accounting in China: A Reply,” Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 34(1), 54-57. (with K. Bewley and S Peng) https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-09-2019-4165

Henriques, Irene (2021), “Toward Collaborative Cross-Sector Business Models for Sustainability,” Business and Society, 60(5), 1039-1058. (with F. Ludeke-Freund, M.M. Seitanidi, and E.R.G. Pedersen) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0007650320959027

Fischer, Eileen (Forthcoming), “Commentaries on “An Intervention-based Abductive Approach to Generating Testable Theory,” Journal of Consumer Psychology. (with F. Kardes, S. Spiller, A. Labroo, M. Bublitz, L. Peracchio, and J. Huber)

Henriques, Irene (2019), “Taking Stock at Business and Society: Reflections on our Tenure as Co-Editors, 2015-2019,” Business and Society, 58(8), 1483- 1495. (with A. Crane, F. A. de Bakker, and B. W. Husted) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0007650319874965

Henriques, Irene (Forthcoming). “Indigenous Economic Development.” In John Jackson (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies in Anthropology. New York: Oxford University Press. (with R. Colbourne, A. M. Peredo, B. Schneider, and R. Anderson)

Fischer, Eileen (Forthcoming), “Navigating Contradictory Logics in the Field of Luxury Retailing,” Journal of Retailing. (with J.B. Welte and J. Cayla) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai. 2021.11.002

Henriques, Irene (2020), “Beyond Good Intentions: Designing CSR Initiatives for Greater Social Impact,” Journal of Management, 46(6), 937-964. (with M.L. Barnett and B.W. Husted) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206319900539

Fischer, Eileen (Forthcoming), “The Case for Qualitative Research,” Journal of Consumer Psychology. (with G. Taltekin-Guzel)

Henriques, Irene (2020), “Designing Better CSR Initiatives,” Rutgers Business Review, 5(2), 185-193. (with B.W. Husted) https://ssrn.com/ abstract=3660189

Hideg, Ivona (2019), “Why Still So Few? A Theoretical Model of the Role of Benevolent Sexism and Career Support in the Continued Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership Positions,” Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 26(3), 287-303. (with W. Shen) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F154 8051819849006

Foroughi, Pouyan (2019), “Investor Protection and the Long-Run Performance of Activism,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(1), 61-100. (with N. Kang, G. Ozik, and R. Sadka) http://doi.org/10.1017/ S0022109018000674 Foroughi, Pouyan (2022), “Peer Effects in Corporate Governance Practices: Evidence from Universal Demand Laws,” The Review of Financial Studies, 35 (1), 132-167. (with A.J. Marcus, V. Nguyen, and H. Tehranian) https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhab025 Giesler, Markus (2020), “Autonomy in Consumer Choice,” Marketing Letters, 31, 429-439. (with, J. W. Alba, A. Barasch, A. Bhattacharjee, J. Knobe, D.R. Lehmann, S. Matz, G. Nave, J.R. Parker, S. Puntoni, R.Y. Schrift, K. Wertenbroch, Y. Zheng, and Y. Zwebner) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002020-09521-z Giesler, Markus (2021), “Consumers and Artificial Intelligence: An Experiential Perspective,” Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 131151. (with S. Puntoni, R.W. Reczek, and S. Botti) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022242920953847 Graham, Cameron (2020), “Performative Agency and Incremental Change in a CSR Context,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 82, 1-22. (with M. Annisette and C. Grisard) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2019. 101092

106 Schulich School of Business

Henriques, Irene (2020), “Navigating Wicked Problems: Do Businesses Have a Role?” Sinergie: Italian Journal of Management, 38(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.7433/s111.2020.02

Hideg, Ivona (2020), “History Backfires: Reminders of Past Injustices Against Women Undermine Support for Workplace Policies Promoting Women,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 156, 176-189. (with A.E. Wilson) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.obhdp.2019.10.001

Henriques, Irene (2020), “The Rise and Stall of Stakeholder Influence: How the Digital Age Limits Social Control,” Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(1), 48-64. (with M.L. Barnett and B.W. Husted) https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0080

Hideg, Ivona (2020), “Bringing up Past Injustices Make Majority Groups Defensive,” Harvard Business Review. (with A.E. Wilson) https://hbr.org/2020/02/research-bringing-uppast-injustices-make-majority-groups-defensive

Henriques, Irene (2021), “Family Matters? The Effects of Size and Proximity in the Digital Age,” Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(3), 557-561. (with M. Barnett and B.W. Husted) https://doi.org/10.5465/ amp.2020.0138

Hideg, Ivona (2020), “From the Editors: Publishing Practical and Responsible Research in AMJ,” Academy of Management Journal, 63(6), 1681-1686. (with K.A. DeCelles and L. Tihanyi) https://doi.org/10.5465/ amj.2020.4006

Henriques, Irene (2021), Putting the “Love of Humanity” Back in Corporate Philanthropy: The Case of Health Grants by Corporate Foundations,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with M. Boodoo and B.W. Husted) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04807-2

Hideg, Ivona (2021), “The Quest for Workplace Gender Equality in the 21st century: Where Do We Stand and How Can We Continue to Make Strides?” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 53(2), 106-113. (with A. Krstic) https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ cbs0000222

Henriques, Irene (2021), “Reorient the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 19(1), 35-39. (with M. Barnett, B. Cashore, B.W. Husted, R. Panwar, and J. Pinske) https://doi.org/10.48558/FN21-MY74 Henriques, Irene (2021), “The Impact of Corruption and Poverty on NGO-Business Collaboration in Mexico,” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 32, 881-893. (with L. Velarde and L. Pesqueira)

Hideg, Ivona (2021), “3 Ways Companies Could Offer More Father-Friendly Policies that Will Help Women,” The Conversation US. (with M. Priesemuth) https://theconversation.com/ 3-ways-companies-could-offer-more-fatherfriendly-policies-that-will-help-women-154155

Hideg, Ivona (2021), “Research: Why Some D&I Efforts Failed Employees of Chinese Descent,” Harvard Business Review. (with W. Shen, J. Lam, C.T. Varty, and A. Krstic) https://hbr.org/ 2021/04/research-why-some-di-efforts-failedemployees-of-chinese-descent Hsu, Sylvia H. (2019), “Target Setting Pay for Performance, and Quality Improvement: A Case Study of Ontario Hospitals’ Quality Improvement Plans,” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 36(1), 128–144. (with Yee-Ching Lilian Chan) https://doi.org/10.1002/ cjas.1474 Hsu, Sylvia H. (2020), “Associations between End-of-Life Expenditures and Hospice Stay Length Vary by Clinical Condition and Expenditure Duration,” Value in Health, 23(6), 697-704. (with P. Hung and Shi-Yi Wang) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.01.021 Hsu, Sylvia H. (2020), “Treatment Patterns and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States and Taiwan,” Plos One. (with Y-J. Lin, C-N. Lin, T. Sedghi, C. P. Gross, J-D. Wang, and S-Y. Wang) https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0240542 Hsu, Sylvia H. (2020), “Trends in Provision of Palliative Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Among Hospices in the United States, 20112018,” Journal of American Medical Association Oncology, 6 (7), 1106-1108. (with S-Y. Wang) https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0923 Hsu, Sylvia H. (2021), “Relative Risks of Covid-19 Fatality Between the First and Second Waves of the Pandemic in Ontario, Canada,” International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 109, 189-191. (with Su-Hsin Chang, C.P. Gross, and Shi-Yi Wang) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijid.2021.06.059 Imanirad, Raha (2020), “Balancing Fairness and Efficiency in Performance Evaluation with Disadvantaged Units in Non-homogeneous Environments,” European Journal of Operational Research, 287(3), 1003-1013. (with C. Chen, W.D. Cook, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.015 Johnston, David (2019), “Power-based Behaviors Between Supply Chain Partners of Diverse National and Organizational Cultures: The Crucial Role of Boundary Spanners’ Cultural Intelligence,” Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(2), 204-218. (with I. Gölgeci and W.H. Murphy) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JBIM-05-2018-0179

Johnston, David (2020), “Preventing Supplier Non-Conformance: Extending the Agency Theory Perspective,” International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 40(3), 315-341. (with M. Lévesque, M. Pagell, and A. Shevchenko) https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJOPM-08-2019-0601 Johnston, David (2020), “Values-in-action that Support Safe Production,” Journal of Safety Science, 72, 75-91. (with R. Klassen, M. Pagell, and A. Veltri) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsr.2019.11.004 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2019), “Are Busy Audit Committees Effective Monitors? Evidence from Financial Reporting Quality,” Advances in Quantitative Analysis of Finance and Accounting, 17, 123-161. (with K. Karim and S. Suh) http://dx.doi.org/10.6293%2fAQAFA. 201912_(17).0005 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2019), “Crosscountry Evidence on the Relationship between Societal Trust and Risk-Taking by Banks,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(1), 275-301. (with G.J. Lobo, C. Wang, and D. Whalen) http://doi.org/10.1017/ S0022109018000455 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2020), “Do Locally Based Independent Directors Reduce Corporate Misconduct? Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms,” Journal of International Accounting Research, 19(3), 61-90. (with C. Deng and Z. Zhou) https://doi.org/10.2308/ JIAR-19-513 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2020), “Home and Host Country IFRS Adoption and Crossdelisting,” Journal of International Business Studies, 51(6), 1008–1033. (with X. Kong and A. Tsang) https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-01900300-1 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2020), “Impact of Social Capital on Tone Ambiguity in Banks’ 10-K Filings,” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 28, 100411. (with A. Mawani, G. Shi, and Z. Zhou) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020. 100411 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2020), “Is Accounting Enforcement Related to Risk-taking in the Banking Industry?” Journal of Financial Stability, 49, 100758. (with G.J. Lobo, L.D. Maso, and F. Mazzi) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100758

Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2020), “Societal Trust and Banks’ Funding Structure,” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100357. (with J.Y. Jin and W. Wang) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100357 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2021), “Does Citizens’ Financial Literacy Relate to Bank Financial Reporting Transparency?” European Accounting Review, 30(5), 887-912. (with J.Y. Jin, Y. Liu, and M. Cheng) https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09638180.2021.1965897 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2021), “Test-Bedding the New Reporting Standards for Loan Loss Reserves,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 187, 225-245. (with M. Gomaa, S. Mestelman, and M. Shehata) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.04.027 Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran (2021), “The Value of Trust and Fairness in Alliances: An Economic Perspective,” Theoretical Economics Letters, 11, 166-185. (with A. Thevaranjan) https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.112012 Kecskés, Ambrus (2020), “Do Technology Spillovers Affect the Corporate Information Environment?” Journal of Corporate Finance, 62, 101581. (with P-A. Nguyen) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101581 Kecskés, Ambrus (2020), “Does Corporate Social Responsibility Create Shareholder Value? The Importance of Long-term Investors,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 112, 105217. (with S. Mansi and P-A Nguyen) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.09.013 Kecskés, Ambrus (2021), “Are the Risk Attitudes of Professional Investors Affected by Personal Catastrophic Experiences?” Financial Management, 50(2), 455-486. (with G. Bernile, V. Bhagwat, and P-A. Nguyen) https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12328 Kecskés, Ambrus (2021), “Technology Spillovers, Asset Redeployability, and Corporate Financial Policies,” European Financial Management, 27(4), 555-588. (with P-A. Nguyen) https://doi.org/10.1111/ eufm.12324 Kim, Henry M. (2020), “Workflow Management on BFT Blockchains,” Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, 15(14), 1-22. (with J. Evermann) https://doi.org/10.18417/ emisa.15.14

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 107

Journal Articles

Kim, Henry M. (2020), “A Simple Macroeconomic Model of Decentralized Emission Markets Based on the Solow Growth Model,” Frontiers in Blockchain, 3, 18. (with A. Ruoxi Zhang and F. Zandi) https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3436091 Kim, Henry M. (2020), “Blockchain Based Transactive Energy Systems for Voltage Regulation in Active Distribution Networks,” IET Smart Grid, 3(5), 646-656. (with H. Farag, S. Saxena, and H. Turesson) https://doi.org/ 10.1049/iet-stg.2019.0286 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “A Permissioned Blockchain System to Reduce Peak Demand in Residential Communities via Energy Trading: A Real-World Case Study,” IEEE Access, 9, 55175530. (with A. Brookson, H. Farag, S. Saxena, and H. Turesson) https://doi.org/10.1109/ ACCESS.2020.3047885 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “Meeting Changing Customer Requirements in Food and Agriculture Through Application of Blockchain Technology,” Frontiers in Blockchain, 4. (with U. Sengupta) https://doi.org/10.3389/ fbloc.2021.613346 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “Business in the Front, Crypto in the Back: How to Be a Blockchain Startup in Finance,” International Review of Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 117-136. (with M. Laskowski and U. Sengupa) https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3423179 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “Privacy Preserving Data Mining as Proof of Useful Work: Exploring an AI/Blockchain Design,” Journal of Database Management, 32(1), 69-85. (with M. Laskowski, H. Turesson and A. Roatis) https://doi.org/ 10.4018/JDM.2021010104 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “Token Economics in Real-Life: Cryptocurrency and Incentives Design for Insolar’s Blockchain Network,” IEEE Computer, 54(1), 70-80. (with M. Barlin, D. Kabanov, M. Laskowski, H. Turesson, and M. Zargham) https://doi.org/10.1109/ MC.2020.2996572 Kim, Henry M. (2021), “What’s Next in Blockchain Research? — An Identification of Key Topics Using a Multidisciplinary Perspective,” ACM SIGMIS Database: The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 52(1), 27-52. (with P. de Filippi, T. Hardjono, M. Lacity, M. Swan, and H. Treiblmaier) https://doi.org/10.1145/3447934.3447938

108 Schulich School of Business

Kim, Henry M. (2021), “Workflow Management on Proof-of-Work Blockchains - Implications and Recommendations,” SN Computer Science, 2(44). (with J. Evermann) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s42979-020-00387-6

Kristal, Murat (2021), “Customer Acquisition and Retention: A Fluid Approach for Staffing,” Production and Operations Management, 30(11), 4236-4257. (with A. Diamant and E. Furman) https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13520

Kipping, Matthias (2019), “Professionalization Through Symbolic and Social Capital: Evidence from the Careers of Elite Consultants,” Journal of Professions and Organization, 6 (3), 265-285. (with F. Bühlmann and T. David) https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jpo/joz014

Kristal, Murat (2021), “Does Quality Help the Financial Viability of Hospitals? A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach,” SocioEconomic Planning Sciences, 79, 101105. (with O. Onder and W. Cook) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.seps.2021.101105

Kipping, Matthias (2020), “Making Managers: A Fresh Look,” Management and Organizational History, 15(2), 91-114. (with R.P. Amdam and J. McGlade) https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359. 2020.1842288

Larkin, Yelena (2019), “Inefficient Mergers,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 108, 105648 (with E. Lyandres) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbankfin.2019.105648

Kipping, Matthias (2021), “Consultants and the Globalization of Work Organization and Practices: Contribution to the Volume Honouring the Career of Professor Ohtowa Takeshi,” Keizaikei, 284, 13-33. https://kguopac. kanto-gakuin.ac.jp/webopac/NI30003967 Kipping, Matthias (2021), “Professional School Obsession: An Enduring Yet Shifting Rhetoric by U.S. Business Schools,” Academy of Management Learning and Education, 20(3), 442-458. (with L. Engwall and B. Üsdiken) https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2020.0109 Kistruck, Geoffrey (2020), “How Formal and Informal Hierarchies Shape Conflict within Cooperatives: A Field Experiment in Ghana,” Academy of Management Journal, 63(2), 503-529. (with D.F. Pacheco, A.F. Slade Shantz, and J.W. Webb) https://doi.org/10.5465/ amj.2018.0335 Kistruck, Geoffrey (2021), “Linking Management Theory with Poverty Alleviation Efforts through Market Orchestration,” Journal of Business Ethics, 173, 423-446. (with P. Shulist) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-020-04533-1 Kistruck, Geoffrey (2021), “Research on Grand Challenges: Adopting an Abductive Experimentation Methodology,” Organization Studies. (with A. S. Shantz) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01708406211044886 Kristal, Murat (2020), “Building High Performance Supply-Chain Relationships for Dynamic Environments,” Business Process Management Journal, 26(1), 80–101. (with M.U. Ahmed, M. Pagell, and T. Gattiker) https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-05-2018-0139

Larkin, Yelena (2021), “Reliance on Major Customers and Product Market Competition,” Finance Research Letters, 38, 101436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101436 Lévesque, Moren (2019), “Growth through Franchises in Knowledge-Intensive Industries: Interplay of Routine Program and Expansion Mode,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 66(4), 496-513. (with Y.R. Choi and J. Hsuan) https://doi.org/10.1109/ TEM.2018.2858550 Lévesque, Moren (2019), “How Angel Knowhow Shapes Ownership Sharing in Stage-based Contracts,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(4), 773-801. (with S. Erzurumlu, N. Joglekar, and F. Tanrisever) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F1042258717744205 Lévesque, Moren (2019), “Spoils from the Spoiled: Strategies for Entering Stigmatized Markets,” Journal of Management Studies, 56(7), 1260-1286. (with E. Fischer, A. Liu, and A.S. Shantz) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12339 Lévesque, Moren (2020), “It’s Time We Talk about Time in Entrepreneurship,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(2), 163-184. (with U. Stephan) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1042258719839711 Lévesque, Moren (2020), “Preventing Supplier Non-Conformance: Extending the Agency Theory Perspective,” International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 40(3), 315-340. (with D. Johnston, A. Shevchenko, and M. Pagell) https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJOPM-08-2019-0601

Lévesque, Moren (2020), “Pulling the Plug”: Time Allocation between Drug Discovery and Development Projects,” Production and Operations Management, 29(12), 2851-2876. (with A.M. Subramanian and V. van de Vrande) https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13255 Lévesque, Moren (2021), “Interorganizational Knowledge Flows in Academia-Industry Collaboration: The Economic Impacts of Science-Based Firm Innovation?” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. (with A. Liu) https://doi.org/10.1109/ TEM.2021.3066386 Lévesque, Moren (2021), “Managing Capital Market Frictions via Cost-Reduction Investments,” Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, 23(1), 88-105. (with F. Tanrisever, N. Joglekar, and S. Erzurumlu) https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0814 Lévesque, Moren (Forthcoming), “Are Biopharma Firms Discontinuing Doomed Drug Discovery Projects Fast Enough?” Production and Operations Management. (with A. Subramanian and V. van de Vrande) https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13621 Lévesque, Moren (Forthcoming), “ExplorationExploitation and Acquisition Likelihood in New Ventures,” Small Business Economics, 58, 1475–1496. (with Y. Deutsch, M. Keyhani, and A. Madhok) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-02100452-1 Lévesque, Moren (Forthcoming), “Interorganizational Knowledge Flows in Academia-Industry Collaboration: The Economic Impacts of Science-Based Firm Innovation?” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. (with A. Liu) Lévesque, Moren (Forthcoming), “Pursuing Impactful Entrepreneurship Research Using Artificial Intelligence,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. (with M. Obschonka and S. Nambisan) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10422 58720927369 Lévesque, Moren (Forthcoming), “Family Firm Succession through the Lens of Technology Intelligence.” Journal of Family Business Strategy, 100485. (with A. Subramanian) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2022.100485 Li, Zhepeng (2020), “Efficiency Measurement with Products and Partially Desirable Co-Products,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 71(2), 335-345. (with W.D. Cook, W. Li, L. Liang, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1542972

Li, Zhepeng (2021), “Efficiency Measurement for Hierarchical Situations,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(3), 654-662. (with W.D. Cook, W. Li, and J. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2019.1678409 Li, Zhepeng (2021), “What Will Be Popular Next? Predicting Hotspots in Two-mode Social Networks,” MIS Quarterly, 45(2), 925-966. (with Y. Ge and X. Bai) https://ssrn.com/ abstract=3583890 Lyons, Brent (2020), “A Disability Disclosure Simulation as an Educational Tool,” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 39(8), 865-879. (with S. Lindsay, M. Rezai, and W. Shen) https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-12-2019-0292 Lyons, Brent (2020), “Gay and Lesbian Disclosure and Heterosexual Identity Threat: The Role of Heterosexual Identity Commitment in Shaping De-stigmatization,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 160, 1-18. (with J. Lynch and T.D. Johnson) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.03.001 Lyons, Brent (2021 online), “Conceptualizing ‘Within-group Stigmatisation’ Among Highstatus Workers,” Work, Employment and Society. (with M. Bamber and J. McCormack) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F09500170211041287 Lyons, Brent (2021), “Perceived Resiliency: The Influence of Resilience Narratives on Attribution Processes in Selection,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 131, 103653. (with D.D. King and C. Phetmisy) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jvb.2021.103653 Madhok, Anoop (2019), “A Theory of Digital Firm-designed Markets: Defying Knowledge Constraints in Crowds and Marketplaces,” Strategy Science, 4(4), 323-342. (with H. Tajedin and M. Keyhani) https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc. 2019.0092 Madhok, Anoop (2020), “Investigating Firm Heterogeneity in Country-of-Origin Cluster Location Choice Decisions,” Multinational Business Review, 28(2), 221-244. (F. Puig and Z. Shen) https://doi.org/10.1108/ MBR-07-2018-0051 Madhok, Anoop (2021), “Globalization, De-Globalization and Re-Globalization: Some Historical Context and the Impact of the COVID Pandemic,” Business Research Quarterly, 24(3), 199-203. https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F23409444211008904

Madhok, Anoop (2021), “Overcoming the Early-stage Conundrum of Digital Platform Ecosystem Emergence: A Problem-solving Perspective,” Journal of Management Studies, 58(7), 1899-1932. (with R. Krishnamurthy) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12748 Madhok, Anoop (Forthcoming), “Explorationexploitation and the Likelihood of Acquisition in New Ventures,” Small Business Economics, 58, 1475–1496. (with Y. Deutsch, M. Keyhani, and M. Lévesque) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-02100452-1 Matten, Dirk (2020), “The Elephant in the Room: The Nascent Research Agenda on Corporations, Social Responsibility, and Capitalism,” Business and Society, 59(7), 1295-1302. (with F.G.A. de Bakker, L.J. Spence, and C. Wickert) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000 7650319898196 Matten, Dirk (2020), “Reflections on the 2018 Decade Award: The Meaning and Dynamics of Corporate Social Responsibility,” Academy of Management Review, 45(1), 7-28 (with J. Moon) https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0348 Matten, Dirk (2021), “COVID-19 and the Future of CSR Research,” Journal of Management Studies, 58(1), 280-284. (with A. Crane) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12642 Matten, Dirk (Forthcoming), “Settlement Constellations and the Dynamics of Fields Formed Around Social and Environmental Issues,” Organization Science. (with S. Buchanan and C. Zietsma) https://doi.org/ 10.1287/orsc.2022.1593 Mawani, Amin (2020), “A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Eight-Week Web-based Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention for Students’ Mental Health,” JMIR Mental Health, 7(2). (with F. Ahmed, C. El Morr, P. Ritvo, N. Othman, R. Moineddin, I. Ashfaq, Y. Bohr, M. Ferrari, A. Fung, L. Hartley, C. Maule, K. McKenzie, and S. Williams) Mawani, Amin (2020), “Effectiveness of an Eight-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention for University Students on Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” JMIR Mental Health, 7(7). (with F. Ahmed, C. El Morr, P. Ritvo, N. Othman, R. Moineddin, I. Ashfaq, Y. Bohr, M. Ferrari, A. Fung, L. Hartley, C. Maule, K. McKenzie, and S. Williams)

Spotlight on Research 2020 & 2021 109

Journal Articles

Mawani, Amin (2020), “Impact of Social Capital on Tone Ambiguity in Banks’ 10-K Filings,” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 28. (with K. Kiridaran, G. Shi, and Z. Zhou) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100411 Mawani, Amin (2020), “Impact of Tax Advisors and Corrupt Tax Auditors on Taxpayer Compliance,” Canadian Tax Journal, 68(3), 801-832. (with V.U. Trivedi) http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.3318267 Mawani, Amin (2020), “The Impact of the Use of Cross-border Compensation Peers: The Case of Canadian Companies using U.S. Peers,” Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance. (with S. Balsam, H. Fan, and D. Zhang) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0148558X20930122 Mawani, Amin (2021), “Collusive vs. Coercively Corrupt Tax Auditors and their Impact on Tax Compliance,” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 30. (with V.U. Trivedi) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100470 Mawani, Amin (2021), “The Role of Information Asymmetry in Closely-held Firm’s Tax and Financial Reporting Choices,” Accounting and Business Research. (with H. Fan and L. Chen) https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2021.1986366 Mead, Nicole (2020), “I am, Therefore I Buy: Low Self-esteem and the Pursuit of Self-Verifying Consumption,” Journal of Consumer Research, 46(5), 956-973. (with S.M.J. van Osselaer and A. Stuppy) https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucz029 Mead, Nicole (2021), “A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego Depletion Effect,” Psychological Science, 32(10), 15661581. (with D. Albarracín et al) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F0956797621989733 Mead, Nicole (2021), “Do Objects Fuel Thyself? The Relationship Between Objects and SelfRegulation,” Current Opinion in Psychology, 39, 16-19. (with R.F. Baumeister) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.008 Mead, Nicole (2021), “Popping the Positive Illusion of Financial Responsibility Can Increase Personal Savings: Applications in Emerging and Western Markets,” Journal of Marketing (Special Issue: Better Marketing for a Better World), 85(3), 97-112. (with E.N. Garbinsky and D. Gregg) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00222 42920979647

110 Schulich School of Business

Mead, Nicole (Conditionally Accepted), “The Pursuit of Meaning and the Preference for Less Expensive Options,” Journal of Consumer Research. (with L.E. Williams) Milevsky, Moshe (2020), “Calibrating Gompertz in Reverse: What is Your Longevity-riskadjusted Global Age?” Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 92, 147-161. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2020.03.009 Milevsky, Moshe (2020), “Swimming with Wealthy Sharks: Longevity, Volatility and the Value of Risk Pooling,” Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 19(2), 217-246. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747219000040 Milevsky, Moshe (Accepted), “Refundable Income Annuities: Feasibility of Money-back Guarantees,” Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. (with T.S. Salisbury) https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3914341 Neu, Dean (2020), “Accounting for Extortion,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 76(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2019.02.001 Neu, Dean (2020), “Speaking Truth to Power: Twitter Reactions to the Panama Papers,” Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2), 473-485. (with J. Everett, G. Saxton and A. Rahaman Shiraz) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-0183997-9 Neu, Dean (2021), “Building Ethical Narratives: The Audiences for AICPA Editorials,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with G. Saxton) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-05003-y Neu, Dean (2021), “Critical Accounting in Latin America: Paths, Interactions, and Dialogues Between the North and the South,” Innovar, 31(82), 3-23. (with M. Gomez-Villegas and E. Ocampo-Gomez) https://doi.org/10.15446/ innovar.v31n82.98415 Neu, Dean (2021), “Social Accountability, Ethics and the Occupy Wall Street Protests,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with G. Saxton and A.S. Rahaman) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551021-04795-3 Neu, Dean (2021), “Doing Missionary Work: The World Bank and the Diffusion of Financial Practices,” Critical Perspectives on Accounting. 18(3), 363-389. (with E. Ocampo) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2006.01.007

Neu, Dean (2021), “The Centrality of Ethical Utterances Within Professional Narratives,” Accounting History, 27(1), 75-94. (with G. Saxton, J. Everett, and A. Rahaman) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10323732211040272 Neu, Dean (2021), “Twitter-based Social Accountability Processes: The Roles for Financial Inscriptions-based and Values-based Messaging,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with G. Saxton) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-021-04952-8 Ng, Lilian (2019), “Insider Trading, Informativeness, and Price Efficiency Around the World,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 48(6), 727-776. (with D. Kim, Q. Wang, and X. Wang) https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12278 Ng, Lilian (2020), “Emerging Markets are Catching Up: Economic or Financial Integration?” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 55(7), 2270-2303. (with A. Akbari and B. Solnik) http://doi.org/10.1017/ S0022109019000681 Ng, Lilian (2020), “International Market Integration: A Survey,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 49(2), 161-185. (with A. Akbari) https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12297 Ng, Lilian (2021), “Socially Responsible Corporate Customers,” Journal of Financial Economics, 142(2), 598-626. (with R. Dai and H. Liang) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jfineco.2020.01.003 Ng, Lilian (2021), “Drivers of Economic and Financial Integration: A Machine Learning Approach,” Journal of Empirical Finance, 61, 82-102. (with A. Akbari and B. Solnik) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2020.12.005 Noseworthy, Theodore J. (2020), “Compensating for Innovation: Extreme Product Incongruity Encourages Consumers to Affirm Unrelated Consumption Schemas,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 30(1), 77-95. (with N. Taylor) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1127 Noseworthy, Theodore J. (2020), “On the Epidemic of Food Waste: Idealized Prototypes and the Aversion to Misshapen Fruits and Vegetables,” Food Quality and Preference, 86, 103999. (with S. Hingston) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103999

Noseworthy, Theodore J. (2021), “Content Hungry: How the Nutrition of Food Media Influences Social Media Engagement,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(2), 336-349. (with E. Pancer, M. Philp, and M. Poole) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1246 Noseworthy, Theodore J. (2021), “Your Fries are Less Fattening than Mine: How Food Sharing Biases Fattening Judgments Without Biasing Caloric Estimates,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 31(4), 773-783. (with N. Taylor) https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1214 Oppong-Tawiah, Divinus (2020), “Developing a Gamified Mobile Application to Encourage Sustainable Energy Use in the Office,” Journal of Business Research, 106, 388-405. (with J. Webster, S. Staples, A-F. Cameron, A.O. de Guinea, and T.Y. Hung) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.051

Phillips, Robert (2020), “Tensions in Stakeholder Theory,” Business and Society, 59(2), 213-31. (with R.E. Freeman and R. Sisodia) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00076 50318773750 Phillips, Robert (2020), “The Past, History, and Corporate Social Responsibility,” Journal of Business Ethics, 166, 203–213. (with J. Schrempf-Stirling and C. Stutz) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04319-0 Phillips, Robert (2021), “Stakeholder Friction,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with K.E. Martin) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04652-9 Phillips, Robert (2021), “Stakeholder Theory and the Resource-Based View of the Firm,” Journal of Management, 47(7), 1757-1770. (with R.E. Freeman and S.D. Dmytriyev) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206321993576

Packard, Grant (2020), “Thinking of You: How Second Person Pronouns Shape Cultural Success,” Psychological Science, 31(4), 397-407. (with J. Berger) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F0956797620902380

Phillips, Robert (2021), “Young’s Social Connection Model and Corporate Responsibility,” Philosophy of Management. (with J. Schrempf-Stirling) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-021-00174-0

Packard, Grant (2021), “How Concrete Language Shapes Customer Satisfaction,” Journal of Consumer Research, 47(5), 787-806. (with J. Berger) https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ ucaa038

Phillips, Robert (Forthcoming), “Can Shareholder-Owned Corporations Maximize Profits Without Harming Their Stakeholders?” Rutgers Business Review. (with J. Brown, G. Davis, and S. Waddock)

Packard, Grant (2021), “Using Natural Language Processing to Understand People and Culture,” American Psychologist. (with J. Berger) https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ amp0000882

Phillips, Robert (Forthcoming), “What We Talk About When We Talk About Stakeholders,” Business and Society. (with S. Berman, H. Elms, H. Fadlallah, and M. Johnson-Cramer) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00076503211053005

Packard, Grant (2021 online), “Expression Modalities: How Speaking versus Writing Shapes Word of Mouth,” Journal of Consumer Research. (with J. Berger and M. Rocklage) https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucab076

Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (2019), “Historical Supplier Performance and Strategic Relationship Dissolution: Unintentional but Serious Supplier Error as a Moderator,” Decision Sciences, 50(6), 1224-1258. (with Y-S. Chen and S.M. Goldstein) https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12373

Pan, Yigang (2021), “Social Movements and International Business Activities of Firms,” Journal of International Business Studies, 52(6), 1200-1214. (with L. Tian, C.H. Tse, X. Xiang, and Y. Li) https://doi.org/10.1057/ s41267-021-00424-3 Phillips, Robert (2020), “Emerging Paradigms of Corporate Social Responsibility, Regulation, and Governance: Introduction to the Thematic Symposium,” Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2), 265-268. (with B. Arora and A. Kourula) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04236-2

Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (2020), “Managing Critical Spare Parts within a Buyer-Supplier Dyad: Buyer Preferences for Ownership and Placement,” Journal of Business Logistics, 41(2), 111-128. (with C.W. Blair, E. Rabinovich, Y. Hwang, and R.B. Money) https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12243 Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (Forthcoming), “Retail Inventory Shrinkage, Sensing Weak Security Breach Signals, and Organizational Structure,” Decision Sciences. (with K. Linderman and H-C. Su) https://doi.org/ 10.1111/deci.12524

Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (Forthcoming), “Supplier Selection in the Aftermath of a Supply Disruption and Guilt: Once Bitten, Twice (Not So) Shy,” Decision Sciences. (with T.J. Kull and M. Polyviou) https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12528 Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (Forthcoming), “Supply Chain Integration for Middle-Market Firms: A Qualitative Investigation,” The International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(1), 268-288. (with E. Andiç-Morton, W.C. Benton, M.C. Cooper, T.J. Goldsby and M. Schwieterman) https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM03-2021-0157 Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (Forthcoming), “Relationship Building and Minority Business Growth: Does Participating in Activities Sponsored by Institutional Intermediaries Help?” Journal of Business Research. (with M. Pan, J. Hill, and I. Blount) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.030 Rungtusanatham, M. Johnny (Forthcoming), “Supply Chain Disruption Risk: An Unintended Consequence of Product Innovation,” International Journal of Production Research (with S. Ambulkar, S. Ramaswami, and J. Blackhurst) https://doi.org/10.1080/0020754 3.2022.2027038 Sadorsky, Perry (2020), “Are the Interdependence Characteristics of the US and Canadian Energy Equity Sectors Nonlinear and Asymmetric?” The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 51. (with W. Hanif, J.A. Hernandez, and S-M. Yoon) Sadorsky, Perry (2020), “Consumptionbased And Territory-Based Carbon Emissions Intensity: Determinants and Forecasting Using Club Convergence Across Countries,” Energy Economics, 86. (with M. Bhattacharya and J. N. Inekwe) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eneco.2019.104632 Sadorsky, Perry (2020), “Convergence of Energy Productivity in Australian States And Territories: Determinants And Forecasts,” Energy Economics, 85. (with M. Bhattacharya and J. Inekwe) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eneco.2019.104538 Sadorsky, Perry (2020), “Energy Related CO2 Emissions before and after the Financial Crisis,” Sustainability, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093867

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Journal Articles

Sadorsky, Perry (2020), “How Much Do Asymmetric Changes in Income and Energy Prices Affect Energy Demand?” The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 21. (with B. Liddle) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2019.e00141 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “A Random Forests Approach to Predicting Clean Energy Stock Prices,” Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jrfm14020048 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “Eco-efficiency for the G18: Trends and Future Outlook,” Sustainability, 13(20), 11196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su132011196 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “Energy Efficiency in OECD And Non-OECD Countries: Estimates And Convergence,” Energy Efficiency, 14, 72. (with B. Liddle) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053021-09992-7 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “Frequency Spillovers, Connectedness, and the Hedging Effectiveness of Oil and Gold for US Sector ETFs,” Energy Economics, 99, 105278. (with J.A. Hernandez, S. Kang, and R. McIver) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eneco.2021.105278 Sadorsky, Perry (2021, Forthcoming), “Modelling Dependence and Systemic Risk between Oil Prices and BSE Sectoral Indices Using Stochastic Copula and Covar, ΔCoVar and MES Approaches,” Applied Economics, 53(58), 6770-6788. (with R. DasGupta, Rajesh Pathak, and A. K. Tiwari) https://doi.org/10.1080/00036 846.2021.1949430 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “Predicting Gold and Silver Price Direction Using Tree Based Classifiers,” Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14 (5), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050198 Sadorsky, Perry (2021), “Wind Energy for Sustainable Development: Driving Factors and Future Outlook,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2020.125779 Saxton, Gregory (2019), “The Relationship Between Sarbanes–Oxley Policies and Donor Advisories in Nonprofit Organizations,” Journal of Business Ethics, 158(2), 333-351. (with D.G. Neely) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-018-3843-0

112 Schulich School of Business

Saxton, Gregory (2020), “Social Media Capital: Conceptualizing the Nature, Acquisition, and Expenditure of Social Mediabased Organizational Resources,” International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 36, 100443. (with C. Guo) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.accinf.2019.100443 Saxton, Gregory (2020), “Speaking Truth to Power: Twitter Reactions to the Panama Papers,” Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2), 473-485. (with D. Neu, J. Everett, and A.S. Rahaman) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-018-3997-9 Saxton, Gregory (2020), “The Use and Consequences of Perquisite Types in Nonprofit Organizations,” Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 39(4), 106737. (with S. Balsam and E.E. Harris) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jaccpubpol.2020.106737 Saxton, Gregory (2021), “Responding to Diffused Stakeholders on Social Media: Connective Power and Firm Reactions to CSRRelated Twitter Messages,” Journal of Business Ethics, 172, 229-252. (with C. Ren and C. Guo) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04472-x Saxton, Gregory (2021), “Building Ethical Narratives: The Audiences for AICPA Editorials,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with D. Neu) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-05003-y Saxton, Gregory (2021), “Social Accountability, Ethics and the Occupy Wall Street Protests,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with D. Neu and A.S. Rahaman) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551021-04795-3 Saxton, Gregory (2021), “Social Media, Signaling, and Donations: Testing the Financial Returns on Nonprofits’ Social Media Investment,” Review of Accounting Studies. (with E. Harris and D. Neely) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-021-09651-3 Saxton, Gregory (2021), “The Centrality of Ethical Utterances Within Professional Narratives,” Accounting History, 27(1), 75-94. (with J. Everett, D. Neu, and A. Rahaman) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10323732211040272 Saxton, Gregory (2021), “Twitter-based Social Accountability Processes: The Roles for Financial Inscriptions-based and Valuesbased Messaging,” Journal of Business Ethics. (with D. Neu) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-021-04952-8

Shao, Ruodan (2019), “Advances in Employeefocused Micro Level Research on Corporate Social Responsibility: Situating New Contributions Within the Current State of the Literature,” Journal of Business Ethics, 157(2), 293-302. (with D.A. Jones, A. Newman, and F.L. Cooke) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-0183792-7 Shao, Ruodan (2021), “Workplace Interventions in Response to COVID-19: An Occupational Health Psychology Perspective,” Occupational Health Science, 5, 1-23. (with N.M. Baker, C-H. Chang, and M. Wang) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s41542-021-00080-x Shao, Ruodan (2021), “Reducing CustomerDirected Deviant Behavior: The Role of Psychological Detachment and Supervisory Unfairness,” Journal of Management, 47(8), 2008-2036. (with J. Park, Y.H. Song, and D.P. Skarlicki) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149 206320925877 Shao, Ruodan (2021), “Employees’ Reactions Towards COVID-19 Information Exposure: Insights from Terror Management Theory and Generativity Theory,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(11), 1601-1614. (with N. Baker, C.H. Chang, L. He, Y. Jin, J. Pan, and M. Wang) https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ apl0000983 Shen, Winny (2020), “A Disability Disclosure Simulation as an Educational Tool,” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 39(8), 865-879. (with S. Lindsay, M. Rezai, and B. Lyons) https://doi.org/10.1108/ EDI-12-2019-0292 Shen, Winny (2020), “Diversity Climate Promises in Ideological Psychological Contracts: Racial Differences in Response to Breach and Fulfilment,” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(2), 262-278. (with E. Yeung) https://doi.org/10.108 0/1359432X.2019.1703804 Shen, Winny (2020), “Personal Endorsement of Ambivalent Sexism and Career Success: An Investigation of Differential Mechanisms,” Journal of Business and Psychology, 35, 783-798. (with P. Cheng and K.Y. Kim) https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10869-019-09652-9 Shen, Winny (2021), “A Vicious Cycle of Symbolic Tokenism: The Gendered Effects of External Board Memberships on Chief Executive Officer Compensation,” Human Resource Management, 60(4), 617-639. (with S. Malhotra and P.C. Zhu) https://doi.org/ 10.1002/hrm.22055

Shen, Winny (2021), “Depending on Your Own Kindness: The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion on the Within-Person Consequences of Work Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(4), 276-290. (with S.A. Andel and M. Arvan) https://psycnet.apa. org/doi/10.1037/ocp0000271 Shen, Winny (2021), “Emerging Research in Industrial-organizational Psychology in Canada,” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 53(2), 91-97. Special Issue: “Emerging Research in Industrial-Organizational Psychology in Canada”. (with N. Roulin, J. Bourdage, L. Hamilton, and T. O’Neill) http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000274 Shen, Winny (2021), “Gender and Leadership: A Criterion-Focused Review and Research Agenda,” Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), 100765. (with D. L. Joseph) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100765 Shen, Winny (2021), “I Can, I Am: Differential Predictors of Leader Efficacy and Identity Trajectories in Leader Development,” The Leadership Quarterly, 32(5), 101422, Special Issue: “21st Century Leadership Development”. (with N. Kwok and J.B. Douglas) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101422 Shen, Winny (2021), “Should I Lead? An Intrapersonal Perspective on the AsianWhite Leadership Gap,” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 53(2), 125-137. Special Issue: “Emerging Research in IndustrialOrganizational Psychology in Canada”. (with K.Y. Kim and R. Evans) https://psycnet.apa.org/ doi/10.1037/cbs0000226 Shen, Winny (2021), “What is (S)he Worth? Exploring Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions of the Relationship Between CEO Extraversion and Pay,” British Journal of Management, 32(2), 529-547. (with S. Malhotra and P.C. Zhu) https://doi.org/10.1111/14678551.12424 Shen, Winny (2021), “Work as Replenishment or Responsibility? Moderating Effects of Occupational Calling on the Within-person Relationship Between COVID-19 News Consumption and Work Engagement,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 106, 965-974. (with S.A. Andel and M.L. Arvan) https://psycnet.apa. org/doi/10.1037/apl0000934 Shen, Winny (In Press), “Safety Implications of Different Forms of Understaffing Among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(1), 121-130. (with S.A. Andel, A.M. Tedone, and M. Arvan) https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14952

Shen, Winny (In Press), “Subordinate Poor Performance as a Stressor on Leader Wellbeing: The Mediating Role of Abusive Supervision and the Moderating Role of Motives for Abuse,” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Special Issue: “Leadership and Health/Well-Being”, 26 (6), 491-506. (with L.H. Liang, D.J. Brown, D. Ni, and X. Zheng) https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ ocp0000307 Shen, Winny (In Press), “Unbalanced, Unfair, Unhappy, or Unable? Theoretical Integration of Multiple Processes Underlying the Leader Mistreatment-Employee CWB Relationship with Meta-Analytic Methods,” Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 29(1), 33-72. (with L.H. Liang, M. Nishioka, R. Evans, D.J. Brown, and H. Lian) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F15480518 211066074 Shen, Winny (In Press), “Why Do You Ask? The Effects of Perceived Motives on the Effort that Managers Allocate Toward Delivering Feedback,” Journal of Business and Psychology. (with A. Minnikin and J. W. Beck) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09776-x Tan, Justin (2019), “A Literature Review on the Strategic Fit between Patent Strategy and Environment,” Foreign Economics and Management (外国经济与管理), 41(1), 3-15. (with X. Zhao) https://doi.org/10.16538/j.cnki. fem.2019.01.001 Tan, Justin (2019), “Identification and Breakthrough of Innovation “Blind Spots” in Focal Firms under Innovation Ecosystem: A Case Study,” R&D Management (研究与发展管理), (with J. Song and J. Tan) Tan, Justin (2019), “Social Structure of Regional Entrepreneurship: The Impacts of Collective Action of Incumbents on De Novo Entrants,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(5), 855-879. (with L. Wang) https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F1042258717750861 Tan, Justin (2019), “Modeling and Analyzing the Evolution Mechanism of Industrial Innovation Network,” Journal of Management Science (管理科学学报), 22(12): 1-14. (with H. Zhang and R. Lin) Tan, Justin (2020), “Disruptive Innovation and Technology Ecosystem: The Evolution of the Intercohesive Public-Private Collaboration Network in Chinese Telecommunication Industry,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 57, 101573. (with L. Wang, H. Zhang, and W. Li) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2020.101573

Tan, Justin (2020), “Exploring the Role of University-Run Enterprises in Technology Transfer from Chinese Universities,” Management and Organization Review, 16(4), 907-943. (with X. Li) http://doi.org/10.1017/ mor.2019.55 Tan, Justin (2020), “How Do Power and Status Differ in Predicting Unethical Decisions? A Cross-National Comparison of China and Canada,” Journal of Business Ethics, 167(4), 745-760. (with C. Bell, S. Chen, and Y. Liu) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04150-7 Tan, Justin (2021), “Does the Mixed Ownership Reform Work? Influence of Board Chair on Performance of State-owned Enterprises,” Journal of Business Research, 122(1), 51-59. (with J. Guan, Z. Gao, W. Sun, and F. Shi) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.038 Tan, Justin (Forthcoming), “Non-Market Strategies and Credit Benefits: Unpacking Heterogeneous Political Connections in Response to Government Anti-Corruption Initiatives,” Journal of Management Studies. (with Q. Liang, F. Yu, and H. Zhang) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12741 Tan, Justin (2021), “State Governance and Technological Innovation in Emerging Economies: State-Owned Enterprise Restructuration and Institutional Logic Dissonance in China’s High-Speed Train Sector,” Journal of International Business Studies, 52, 621–645. (with A. Genin and J. Song) https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00342-w Tan, Justin (2021), “The Formation and Evolution of Industrial Innovation Ecosystem: “Architect” Transition and the Evolution of Their Strategic Behavior,” Management World (管理世界), 9, 167-191. (with X.H. Chen and J. Song) Tan, Justin (2021), “The Performance Implications of Patenting — The Moderating Effect of Informal Institutions in Emerging Economies,” R&D Management, 51(5), 468483. (with. X. Zhao) https://doi.org/10.1111/ radm.12450 Tan, Justin (2021, Forthcoming), “Corporate Compliance Capability of EMNEs: A Prerequisite for Overcoming the Liability of Emergingness in Advanced Economies,” International Journal of Emerging Markets. (with L. Wang, Z. Xie, H. Zhang, and X. Yang) https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2020-0324

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Journal Articles

Tan, Justin (2021, Forthcoming), “Technological Strategies in an Innovation Ecosystem: A Dynamic View of Interaction between Leaders and Followers Based on Evolutionary Game Theory and Multi-agent Simulation,” Journal of Management Science (管理科学学报). (with X.Y. Zhao) Tan, Justin (Forthcoming), “Environmental Labeling Certification and Corporate Environmental Innovation: The Moderating Role of Corporate Ownership and Local Government Intervention,” Journal of Business Research. (with H. Duojun, Z. Huixiang, J. Yan, and S. Ren) Tan, Justin (2021, Forthcoming), “Relational Assets or Liabilities? Competition, Collaboration, and Firm Intellectual Property Breakthrough in the Chinese High-Speed Train Sector,” Journal of International Business Studies. (with A.L. Genin and J. Song) https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00482-7 Tasa, Kevin (2021), “Do You Hear My Accent? How Nonnative English Speakers Experience Conflictual Conversations in the Workplace,” International Journal of Conflict Management, 33(1), 155-178. (with R. Kim and J. Ramirez-Marin) https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJCMA-10-2020-0177 Tasa, Kevin (2021), “Understanding the Effects of Counterfeit Quality on Consumer Attitudes Towards Genuine Brands: An Associative Judgment Model,” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 38(3), 229-244. (with T. Astray and P.R. Darke) https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1602 Thorne, Linda (2019), “Thematic Symposium: Accounting Ethics and Regulation: SOX 15 Years Later,” Journal of Business Ethics, 158, 293-296. (with S. Gunz) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-018-3845-y Thorne, Linda (2020), “An Implicit-Explicit Examination of Differences in CSR Practices Between the USA and Europe,” Society and Business Review, 15(3), 165-187. (with W. LaGore and L. Mahoney) https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR10-2019-0129 Thorne, Linda (2020), “CSR Performance: Governance Insights from Dual Class Firms,” Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting, 23, 23-46. (with C. Cullinan and L. Mahoney) https://doi.org/ 10.1108/S1574-076520200000023002

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Thorne, Linda (2020), “Tax Fairness: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Measurement,” Journal of Business Ethics, 162(3), 487-503. (with J. Farrar, D.W. Massey and E. Osecki) https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-018-4001-4 Thorne, Linda (2020), “The Right Stuff: Are Not-For-Profit Managers Really Different?” Journal of Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting, 9(1), 76-93. (with K. Fiolleau and T. Libby) https://doi.org/10.2308/JOGNA-19-014 Thorne, Linda (2020), “Thematic Symposium: The Impact of Technology on Ethics, Professionalism and Judgement in Accounting,” Journal of Business Ethics, 167(1), 153-155. (with S. Gunz) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-01904404-4 Thorne, Linda (2021), “The Association Between Vertical Equity and Presidential Voting Behavior and Taxpayers’ Compliance,” Journal of Business Ethics, 172, 101-114. (with J. Farrar, E. Osecki, and D. Massey) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04453-0 Tian, Yisong (2019), “Director Networks, Institutional Investors, and Initial Public Offerings,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 106, 246-264. (with Y. Feng and K. Song) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.07.001 Tian, Yisong (2020), “Enhancing Managerial Equity Incentives with Moving Average Payoffs,” Journal of Futures Markets, 40(10), 1562-1583. https://doi.org/10.1002/fut.22131 Tian, Yisong (2021), “Analoging the Digital: Designing Better Binary Option Contracts,” Financial Markets, Institutions, and Instruments, 30 (4), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmii.12151 Trivedi, V. U. (2020), “Impact of Tax Advisors and Corrupt Tax Auditors on Taxpayer Compliance,” Canadian Tax Journal, 68(3), 801832. (with A. Mawani) https://doi.org/10.32721/ ctj.2020.68.3.trivedi Trivedi, V. U. (2021), “Collusive vs. Coercively Corrupt Tax Auditors and their Impact on Tax Compliance” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 30, 100470. (with A. Mawani) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021. 100470 Veresiu, Ela (2020), “The Consumer Acculturative Effect of State-subsidized Spaces: Spatial Segregation, Cultural Integration, and Consumer Contestation,” Consumption Markets and Culture, 23(4), 342-360. https://doi.org/10.1 080/10253866.2018.1534733

Veresiu, Ela (2021), “Advanced Style Influencers: Confronting Gendered Ageism in Fashion and Beauty Markets,” special issue of Journal of the Association for Consumer Research: Genders, Markets, and Consumers, 6(2), 263-273. (with M-A. Parmentier) https://doi.org/10.1086/712609 Veresiu, Ela (2021), “Advertising in a Context Harm Crisis,” Journal of Advertising Special Issue: Advertising and COVID-19, 50(3), 221-229. (with T.D. Robinson) https://doi.org/10.1080/00 913367.2021.1925604 Veresiu, Ela (2021), “Consumer Timework,” Journal of Consumer Research. (with T.D. Robinson and A.B. Rosario) https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jcr/ucab046 Vibhuti, Dhingra (2021), “Managing Reputation Risk in Supply Chains: The Role of Risk-sharing under Limited Liability,” Management Science, 67(8), 4643-5300. (with H. Krishnan) https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3752 Voronov, Maxim (2020), “People, Actors, and the Humanizing of Institutional Theory,” Journal of Management Studies, 57(4), 873-884. (with K. Weber) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12559 Voronov, Maxim (2021), “Why Business Leaders Need to Mandate the Covid-19 Vaccine,” Harvard Business Review. (with M. Cooper) https://hbr.org/2021/09/why-business-leadersneed-to-mandate-the-covid-19-vaccine Voronov, Maxim (In Press), “Commercializing the Practice of Voyeurism: How Organizations Leverage Authenticity and Transgression to Create Value,” Academy of Management Review. (with S. Buchanan, T. Ruebottom, and M. Toubiana) https://doi.org/10.5465/ amr.2019.0210 Voronov, Maxim (In press), “Under the Radar: Institutional Drift and Non-strategic Institutional Change,” Journal of Management Studies. (with M.A. Glynn and K. Weber) https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12765 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Bicriterion Approach for Generating Alternatives Using Population-Based Algorithms,” WSEAS Transactions on Systems, 18(4), 29-34. https://www.wseas.org/multimedia/journals/ systems/2019/a085102-097.pdf Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Multicriteria Simulation-Optimization Algorithm for Generating Sets of Alternatives Using Population-Based Metaheuristics,” WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 18(9), 74-81. https://www.wseas.org/multimedia/journals/ computers/2019/a185105-091.pdf

Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A PopulationBased Multicriteria Algorithm for Alternative Generation,” Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 7(4), 1-8. https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index. php/TMLAI/article/view/6733 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A SimulationOptimization Algorithm for Generating Sets of Alternatives Using Population Based Metaheuristics,” Journal of Software Engineering and Simulation, 5(2), 1-6. Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Stochastic Bicriteria Procedure for Creating System Options,” Algorithms Research, 5(1), 11-18. doi:10.5923/j.algorithms.20190501.02 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Stochastic Multicriteria Algorithm for Generating Waste Management Facility Expansion Alternatives,” Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 9(2), 43-50. doi:10.5923/j.jce.20190902.01 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Stochastic Simulation-Optimization Method for Generating Waste Management Alternatives Using Population-Based Algorithms,” Applied Science and Innovation Research, 3(3), 92-105. https://doi.org/10.22158/asir.v3n3p92 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “A Stochastic, Dual-Criterion, Simulation-Optimization Algorithm for Generating Alternative,” Journal of Computer Science Engineering, 5(6), 1-10. Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “MultiVariable Simulation Decomposition in Environmental Planning: An Application to Carbon Capture and Storage,” Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters, 1(1), 20-26. (with M. Kozlova) https://doi.org/10.3808/ jeil.201900003 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “Waste Management Using Multicriteria PopulationBased Simulation-Optimization Algorithms,” Journal of Waste Management and Disposal, 2(1), 1-8. http://article.scholarena.com/WasteManagement-Using-Multicriteria-PopulationBased-Simulation-Optimization-Algorithms.pdf Yeomans, Julian Scott (2019), “Water Resource Management Using Population-Based, DualCriterion Simulation-Optimization Algorithms to Generate Alternatives,” Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 5(1), 36-44. https://www.questjournals.org/jrees/ papers/vol5-issue1/F05013644.pdf

Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “A Stochastic Multicriteria Algorithm for Generating Waste Management Facility Expansion Alternatives,” International Journal of Mathematics, Game Theory, and Algebra, 29(4), 251-275. Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “Alternative Generation in Complex Decision Modelling Using a Firefly Algorithm Metaheuristic Approach,” International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things, 4(2), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.4018/ IJHIoT.2020070105 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “An Algorithm for Computing Solutions to the Range Limited Routing Problem Using Electrical Trucks,” WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 19(7), 47-53. (with Y. Gunalay) https://doi.org/ 10.37394/23205.2020.19.7 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “An Innovative Modelling and Decision-Support Approach for Evaluating Urban Transshipment Problems Using Electrical Trucks,” International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation, 3(2), 19-37. (with Y. Gunalay) https://doi.org/10.4018/ IJSVST.2020070102 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “Computational Analytics for Supporting Environmental Decision-Making and Analysis: An Introduction,” Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.3808/jeil.202000040 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2020), “Visual Analytics in Environmental Decision-Making: A Comparison of Overlay Charts Versus Simulation Decomposition,” Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters, 4(2), 93-100. (with M. Kozlova) DOI:10.3808/jeil.202000047 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2021), “Simulation Decomposition for Environmental Sustainability: Enhanced Decision-Making in Carbon Footprint Analysis,” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 75(1), 1-10. (with I. Deviatkin and M. Kozlova) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.seps.2020.100837 Yeomans, Julian Scott (2021), “A Multicriteria, Bat Algorithm Approach for Computing the Range Limited Routing Problem for Electric Trucks,” WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 20(13), 96-106. https://doi.org/ 10.37394/23201.2021.20.13

Yeomans, Julian Scott (Forthcoming), “Monte Carlo Enhancement with Simulation Decomposition: A “Must-Have” for Many Disciplines,” INFORMS Transactions on Education. (with M. Kozlova) https://doi.org/ 10.1287/ited.2019.0240 Yeomans, Julian Scott (Forthcoming), “Sustainability Analysis and Environmental Decision-Making Using Simulation, Optimization, and Computational Analytics,” Sustainability. (with M. Kozlova) https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14031655 Zhu, Lei (2020), “Lead the Horse to Water, but Don’t Make Him Drink: The Effects of Moral Identity Symbolization on Coworker Behavior Depend on Perceptions of Proselytization,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 156, 53-68. (with S.L.D. Restubog, K. Leavitt, M. Wang, and L. Zhou) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.11.004 Zhu, Lei (2020), “Man Up and Take It: Gender Bias in Moral Typecasting,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 120-141. (with K. Aquino, R.F. Baumeister, C. Howard, J. Kim, T.G. Okimoto, T. Reynolds, and H. Sjåstad) https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.obhdp.2020.05.002 Zhu, Lei (2021), “Dual Pathways to Bias: Evaluators’ Ideology and Ressentiment Independently Predict Racial Discrimination in Hiring Contexts,” Journal of Applied Psychology 106 (4), 624-641. (with T. Reynolds, K. Aquino, and B. Strejcek) https://doi.org/10.1037/ apl0000804 Zhu, Lei (2021), “Identity Affirmation as a Response to Justice Failure,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 162, 189-205. (with K. Aquino, H. You, and C. Yang) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.12.001 Zwick, Detlev (2020), “Manipulate to Empower: Hyper-relevance and the Contradictions of Marketing in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism,” Big Data and Society, 7(1). (with A. Darmody) https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2053951720904112

Yeomans, Julian Scott (Forthcoming), “Technical Advances in Aviation Electrification: Enhancing Strategic R&D Investment Analysis Through Simulation Decomposition,” Sustainability. (with M. Kozlova)

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PhD Academic Activities Schulich’s PhD Program encourages students to start translating their research interests into peer-reviewed publications from the earliest stages of their academic careers. And many are quite successful in establishing an enviable track record by the time they are ready to graduate and take up their intial academic posting. These young scholars make us proud! PUBLICATIONS

AWARDS

Journal Articles

Book Chapters

Celik, Batur (2021), “Valuation of Bitcoin Options,” Journal of Futures Markets, 41(7), 1007–1026. (with M. Cao)

Bryan, C. (Forthcoming), “Neuroqueerness and Management Research.” De Gruyter Handbook of Disability and Management. (with B.J. Lyons and S.D. Volpone)

Lam, Janice (2021), “Research: Why Some D&I Efforts Failed Employees of Chinese Descent,” Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/04/research-why-somedi-efforts-failed-employees-of-chinesedescent (with W. Shen, I. Hideg, C. Varty, and A. Krstic) Murthy, Ramia (2021), “Overcoming the Early-stage Conundrum of Digital Platform Ecosystem Emergence: A Problem-Solving Perspective,” Journal of Management Studies, 58(7). (with A. Madhok) Phung, Kam (2021), “Confronting the Business Models of Modern Slavery,” Journal of Management Inquiry. (with A. Crane, G. LeBaron, L. Behbahani, and J. Allain) Phung, Kam (2021), “When Stigma Doesn’t Transfer: Stigma Deflection and Occupational Stratification in the Sharing Economy,” Journal of Management Studies, 58(4): 1107–1139. (with S. Buchanan, M. Toubiana, T. Ruebottom, and L. Turchick-Hakak) Sedgewick, Jennifer R. (2020), “The Experiences of Indigenous People with Cancer in Saskatchewan: A Patient-Oriented Qualitative Study Using a Sharing Circle,” Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 8(4), E852-E859. (with T. Carr, L. Arcand, R. Roberts, A. Ali, and G. Groot) Sedgewick, Jennifer R. (2021), “Service Providers’ Perceptions of Support Needs for Indigenous Cancer Patients in Saskatchewan: A Needs Assessment,” BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1-12. (with A. Ali, A. Badea, T. Carr, and G. Groot) Sedgewick, Jennifer R. (2021), “Is There an Artistry to Lighting? The Complexity of Illuminating Three-Dimensional Artworks,” Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 15(1), 20. (with A. Smith, B. Weiers, and L. Elias)

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Sedgewick, Jennifer R. (2020), “The Sharing Circle Method: Understanding Indigenous Cancer Stories,” SAGE Publications Ltd. (with T. Carr, R. Roberts, and G. Groot)

Lam, Janice (2020; 2021), Ontario Graduate Scholarship Award. Phung, Kam (2020), Top 25 Storytellers in Storytellers competition, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Sedgewick, Jennifer R. (2020), Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Preetika, Joshi (2021), ATA/PwC Tax Dissertation Award, American Taxation Association.

The Schulich School of Business is globally recognized for producing top-calibre research in its pursuit of discovery and innovation. Our commitment to scholarly excellence, along with our strong sense of social responsibility, is making a difference to how businesses are evolving. The future trajectory of Schulich’s research path promises accelerated growth and development, new transformational ideas, and increased engagement over the application of new knowledge to the benefit of society. schulich.yorku.ca/faculty-research

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NEW WAYS OF THINKING. NEW OPPORTUNITIES. The Schulich School of Business continues its rise in research trajectory as it guides us along with new developments that occur in the business world and beyond. The research conducted here has deepened our knowledge, developed our thinking and expertise, and connected us to new insights regarding the organizations and industries we participate in. Our faculty remains the lifeblood of our research program, and their research areas are diverse. Many of our faculty have achieved world acclaim through their research excellence and student acclaim with their teaching excellence and ability to inspire and make an impact.

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Global Reach. Innovative Programs. Diverse Perspectives.

2022 Spotlight on Research

Articles inside

PhD Academic Activities

Journal Articles

Book Chapters

New Media Releases (2021

Media Mentions

Endowed Chairs and Professorships

Newly Funded Research Projects

Schulich Research Excellence Fellowship

A Schulich Professor Goes to Hollywood

New Full Professors

Mainstreaming History in Management Research: A Dialogue

New Schulich Faculty

Schulich Professor’s Research Wins European Finance Association Award

Visionary Supply Chain Paper Recognized by Decision Sciences Journal

Schulich Faculty Earned Best Industry Studies Paper Honour

Dean’s Message

Welcome Message

At the Forefront of Innovative Supply Chain Management

A Deep-Dive on Schulich Research Regarding Gender Equality and Diversity in the Workplace

Schulich Leads the Future of Marketing

Sustainability in the Spotlight

Re-Imagining Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic World

The Dawn of the Fintech Era