Novel Selection Approach of STATCOM Device Tailored and Optimized Engineering Configuration to Imple

International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 3 Issue 2, March 2014 www.ijape.org DOI: 10.14355/ijape.2014.0302.01

Novel Selection Approach of STATCOM Device Tailored and Optimized Engineering Configuration to Implement in Between Qatar and Bahrain Nasser Alemadi1, Tariq Masood2, R.K. Aggarwal3, Suhail A. Qureshi4, D.P. Kothari5 Qatar University; Qatar Petroleum Doha Qatar; Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom; Electrical Engineering Department, Electrical Engineering Department University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Pakistan; MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad India maaat2001@ieee.org; 1r.k.aggarwal@bath.ac.uk; 4alemadin@qu.edu.qa; tiger_suhail@hotmail.com; 3dpk0710@yahoo.com

*1 2

Abstract This paper presents a nontraditional control and operation of a STATCOM connecting the Qatar and Bahrain in the Gulf Cooperative Council Interconnection. The proposed work will demonstrate precisely STATCOM control parameters, improving the STATCOM performance at different transmission contingencies. The integrity of the proposed control system topology is evaluated through set of time based simulations by using Matlab. Based on simulation results which clearly show an increase of the loadability, reduction of the losses and enhancement of the sustainability of the GCC Interconnection can be achieved.

Index Terms Control Design; Control System Analysis; Controllability Gain Control; Gain Measurement; Pulse Width Modulation; Static VAr Compensators; Matlab

Introduction The GCC region has become a hub of major economic growth in the world providing financial support and incentives to the GCC countries. Hereby, it has witnessed population growth and large scale industrial activities in the GCC countries. This has led to increased demand for electricity. Based on various analyses, it is determined that current demand for GCC power consumption is about 60 GW and it is projected that it will reach 180 GW within next 25 years.

In order to maintain a reliable, sustainable, and well controlled power transfer among the GCC countries, it is determined to interconnect the GCC countries. The interconnection is divided into two basic segmental

links, neighboring to neighboring and common‐link topologies. Firstly, Oman and United Arab Emirates are interconnected through neighboring to neighboring control topologies. Secondly, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait are interconnected through common‐link control topology and this is also known as the Northern System. In the third stage, common‐link topology demonstrates UAE national grid and Oman northern grid interconnection; known as southern systems. Thirdly, southern and northern power systems are connected through hybrid link control topology. However, to improve these interconnected topologies, a large numbers of studies have been conducted to determine the technical and economical viability of the interconnection. The studies also demonstrate areas that require additional control devices. FACTS controllers are, therefore, strong candidates’ technology options. Applications of FACTS Controllers will result in the following benefits (Tariq Masood, IEEE‐ISIE), (Tariq Masood, ICREQP). 

Increased Power Transfer capability



Improved reliability



Improved controllability



Enhanced angle and voltage stability

Fig. 1 illustrates the designed power exchange in between GCC countries and Fig. 2 shows an inter‐tie connection in between the GCC countries. Prime contributions of this research work are as listed below. 

Investigate the STATCOM impact on GCC power grid with new PID control technique

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

Compare the system with and without STATCOM

GCC Power System Background Information The GCC grid is configured and implemented into eighth strategic power system operational directions in order to meet reliable and sustainable industrial and domestic customers’ requirements at GCC Power network as shown in Fig. 2. 

The system was considered firstly, a double‐ circuit 400 kV, 50 Hz line stretching from Al Zour substation (Kuwait) to Ghunan substation into (Saudi Arabia) with an intermediate connection at Fadhili (Saudi Arabia) and its associated substations.



Secondly, a back‐to‐back HVDC link introduced as a 380 kV interconnection, 60 Hz, system at Fadhili into Saudi Arabia in order to develop proper synchronization or communication with other GCC power systems, which are characterized by 50Hz frequency.



Thirdly, a double circuit 400 kV overhead line stretching and partially connected with submarine link from Ghunan substation to Al Jasra substation in Bahrain along with its associated substations.



Fourthly, a double circuit 400 kV line stretching from Ghunan substation to Salwa substation into Saudi Arabia along with its associated substations.



Fifthly, a double circuit 400 kV line stretching from Salwa substation to Doha South substation into Qatar and its associated substations.



Sixthly, a double circuit 400 kV, 50 Hz line stretching from Salwa substation to Ghuwaifat substation in the United Arab Emirates along with its associated substations.



Seventhly, a double and a single circuit 220 kV, 50 Hz line stretching from Al Ouhah united Arab Emirates to Al Wasset substation in Oman along with its associated substations; finally, a centralized control room was established at Ghunan in Saudi Arabia in order to control power system operations within all GCC countries with a certain degree of precision at different voltage and shared power perspective.

(Tariq Masood, ICERQP), (Tariq Masood, IEEE‐ICEE).

FIG. 1 GCC COUNTRIES CURRENT POWER SHARING OPERATIONS

Successful implementation of STATCOM will increase the network loadability and enhanced voltage profile.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In section I, research study introduction, GCC power system background and STATCOM reinforcement plan are described. In section II, STATCOM model selection process is described. In section III, STATCOM model case study and STATCOM controller significance are described. In section IV, V, & VI, STATCOM results discussion, conclusion and technical data are presented.

FIG. 2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF GCC INTERCONNECTION POWER GRID

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STATCOM Strategic Reinforcement Plan In order to execute the system reinforcement plan, various studies at different voltage levels have been

International Jou urnal of Autom mation and Po ower Engineering (IJAPE) Vo olume 3 Issue 2, March 20144 www.ijape.org

carrried out to o identify and a determ mine the sysstem req quirements at a both end ds of the maain transmisssion sysstem. In this study, the B Bahrain and Q Qatar substaation sitees are selecteed for the ST TATCOM insstallation forr the folllowing reaso ons: 

The firsst strategic approach as d defined in Fiig. 2 is based d on the fact that Bahrain n and Qatar h have an interrconnection w with industrial and domeestic consum mers at Doh ha South sub bstation (Qaatar) and Al‐Jasra A Sub bstation (Baahrain). Furrther investig gation identiffied that som me power sysstem oscillatiions may exist e in theiir systems, and consequ uently, also iin the consum mers’ side off the system.. This effectiively means that in betw ween Qatar and Bahraiin locationss, there is an unity to utilize u the ability of the opportu STATCO OM to dam mp all types of existing and potentiaal future osciillations.

bus is ex xposed to an n increase in n voltage lev vels during liight load con nditions duee to the inherrent shunt caapacitance o of the 400 kV k transmisssion line. Lik kewise, the 2220 kV bus is i exposed to t a reductio on in voltage levels durring peak lo oad conditions on both ssides of Bahrain and Qaatar.

The Doh ha South sub bstation (Qata ar) and Al‐Jaasra Substatio on (Bahrain)) sites are the best locations on the Qatar Q and B Bahrain netw work where the total sym mmetrical raange of the reactive output from thee STATCOM M, from full in nductive to full capacitiv ve, could bee utilized wiithout apply ying fixed cap pacitors (D.P P.Kothari, 4th Edition).

TABLE I F FACTS DEVICES C CERITERIA SIGNIF FICANCE

S.N No 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6

Criteria Control Significancce Control Integratio on Design y Capacity Reliability y Maintenan nce frequency y Availabilitty for field triial

Weight (%)

S S.No

15

7

10

8

5

9

10

Weigght (%)

Critteria

10

use Refu disp posal Monittoring equip pment Simullation resu ults Cap pex

100

15

11

Op pex

100

5

12

T Total

5 5 5

Post Insttallation Supp port

5 1000

TABL LE II FACTS DEVIC CES ESTIMATED SC CORE

FIG. 3 SIMP PLIFIED SINGL LE LINE DIAGR RAM OF GCC INTERCONNECTION

Device

Submiission Score

Device

Submission Sco S ore

TCVR

45

S STATCOM

70

TC CPAR

50

SVC

56

UPFC U

65

GCSC

40

IPFC

60

TSSC

37

SSSC S

65

TCSC

42

TABLE III FACTS S DEVICES SUBMIISSION CERITERIA A SCOREBOARD

Criiteria Descriptio on

Submission Sco S ore

No o submission of any consequencce

0

Som me submission b but unacceptably low

20

Sattisfactory

50

Go ood submission Sig gnificantly above the minimum m acceptable.

Considered a stron ng candidate.

Excceptional submiission

65 80 100

STA ATCOM Co ontrollers Selection Process

FIG G. 4 RECEIVING G END VOLTAG GES AT BOTH SIDE OF BAHR RAIN AN ND QATAR WITHOUT STATC COM



The second strategicc approach aas defined in Fig. 2 is baseed on the facct that the main transmisssion line com ming out fro om KSA and d Kuwait 4000kV

Wid deband Dellphi technique has been b used by inco orporating various v tech hnical comm mittees inputt to deteermine and d develop p prolific conssensus to allot a estiimated valu ues of sign nificance an nd submisssion criteria(s) as demonstrated d in Table I, I II & III. The T equ uation (1) represents r th he calculation method to iden ntify CRVZ v value of indiv vidual FACT TS device based

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on their estimated statistical data as provided. Herein, CRVZ model described its different parameters by the following equation (D.P.Kothari, 2nd Edition).

implemented in between Bahrain and Qatar (Andrew Stellman, ISBN: 0‐596).

B xC 100

CRVZ B

xC

B

xC

B

xC … .

B

xC (1)

Where: CRVZ (credible value); z (subscript): STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC, IPFC etc; B1 to B12 (significant criteria as per Table I); C (constant value of each device as shown in Table II) TABLE IV FACTS DEVICES CALCULATED SCORE

Static Shunt Compensator

Static Series Compensator

STATCOM SVC GCSC TSSC SSSC Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted S.No Score Score Score Score Score 1 10.50 8.40 6.00 9.8 9.8 2

7.00

5.60

4.00

6.5

6.5

3

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

4

7.00

5.60

4.00

6.5

6.5

5

10.50

8.40

6.00

9.8

9.8

6

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

7

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

8

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

9

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

10

7.00

5.60

4.00

6.5

6.5

11

7.00

5.60

4.00

6.5

6.5

12

3.50

2.80

2.00

3.3

3.3

Total

70.00

56.00

40.00

65.0

65.0

FIG. 5 RECEIVING END IMPROVED VOLTAGES AT BOTH SIDES OF BAHRAIN AND QATAR WITH STATCOM

TABLE V FACTS DEVICES CALCULATED SCORE

Static voltage and phase Combined Static Series Angle control Compensator Compensator TCVR TCPAR UPFC IPFC TCSC Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted S.No Score Score Score Score Score 1 6.75 7.50 9.75 9.00 6.3 2 4.50 5.00 6.50 6.00 4.2 3 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 4 4.50 5.00 6.50 6.00 4.2 5 6.75 7.50 9.75 9.00 6.3 6 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 7 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 8 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 9 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 10 4.50 5.00 6.50 6.00 4.2 11 4.50 5.00 6.50 6.00 4.2 12 2.25 2.50 3.25 3.00 2.1 Total 45.00 50.00 65.00 60.00 42

Based on this calculation method, each device CRVZ value is derived and illustrated into Table IV and V. After successful evaluation, however, it was determined that STATCOM device obtained high weighted score compared to other devices. Based on the results, this is a promising candidate to be

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FIG. 6 INDICATES STATCOM FOUR WAVEFORMS (REFERENCE AND MEASURED VOLTAGE, ALPHA FIRE ANGLE CONTROL, REAL AND REACTIVE POWER)

STATCOM Model’s Case Study A 500‐Mvar STATCOM was implemented in between Qatar and Bahrain to regulates voltage on a three‐bus 400‐kV in order to meet long transmission system operational requirements. Effectively, in normal operational conditions, the STATCOM device adjusts the VSC(voltage source converter) output to maintain its voltage in phase with the AC system voltage in between Qatar and Bahrain. The STATCOM device generates or absorbs the reactive power based on VSC (voltage source converter) output voltage. This is very important to understand the amount of reactive based on converter output voltage magnitude and coupling transformer leakage reactance. The slight change in voltage angle will allow small amount of reactive power to flow to the DC bus in order to charge or discharge capacitor bank. Fig. 5 illustrates 750 MW power exchanged by Qatar and 600 MW by Bahrain

International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 3 Issue 2, March 2014 www.ijape.org

into the shared GCC Power grid. As shown by the waveforms, the transmission line voltage and reactive current are well controlled by implementing the optimized control technique with a high degree of precision. Fig. 6 indicates the STATCOM operations at GCC power grid as described below (John J. Paserba, IEEE Journal). i)

The first waveform shows in a yellow trace (MS_voltage) that was oscillating against Magenta trace (Ref voltage) from 0.15 to 0.25 s ramped‐ down 1.0 to 0.94pu and ramped‐up from 0.94 to 1.035 pu from 0.25 to 0.33 s in order to control the Ref_voltage based on amount of reactive power absorbed or injected into the AC system.

ii) The second waveform shows yellow trace (MS_ reactive current) that was oscillating against magenta current (reference current) from 0.35‐0.65 pu from 0.05 to 0.2 s and ramped‐up from ‐0.65 to 0.85 pu from 0.2 to 0.35 s.

Momentarily; it was gradually dropped in order to maintain the required reactive power. iii) The third waveform demonstrates yellow trace (real power) against the magenta trace (reactive power) oscillation. The reactive power was dropped from 0.1 to ‐0.3 pu from 0.05 to 0.25 s and ramped‐up 0.8 pu from 0.23 to 0.33 s momentarily and established after 0.35 s. There is improved response of real power operations iv) Furthermore, in order to maintain the STATCOM optimized operations, the thyristor firing angle is also in a tight controlled mode in the fourth waveform (yellow trace). Additionally, the thyristor firing angle also indicates a couple of alpha peaks momentarily during ramp up or ramp down in order to maintain reactive power compensation for the long transmission line (Rolf Grunbaunm, ABB review 3/2002).

STATCOM Optimized Dynamic Response Fig. 7 shows the operations of the STATCOM its voltage control mode and its reference voltage is set to be Vref=1.0 pu. The voltage droop of the regulator is 0.033 pu/100 VA. Therefore, when the STATCOM operating point changes from fully capacitive (+500 Mvar) to fully inductive (‐500 Mvar) as demonstrated into Fig. 7. i)

The first waveform of STATCOM shows that voltage varies between 0.975 to 0.97 pu and 1.025 to 1.035 pu. The Voltage source is set at 1.040 pu, resulting in a 1.0 pu voltage at SVC

terminals (magenta trace) when the STATCOM is switched off. In fact, when the reference voltage (yellow trace) is set to be 1.0 pu, the STATCOM initially floats (zero current). The DC voltage is 20 kV. At t=0.2 s and the voltage is suddenly decreased by 3.5% (0.97 pu of nominal voltage). The SVC reacts by generating reactive power (Q=+500 Mvar) in order to keep voltage at 0.98 pu. At this point, the DC voltage has increased respectively. Then, at t=0.25 s, the source voltage is increased to 1.035 pu of its nominal value. The SVC reacts by changing its operating point from capacitive to inductive in order to keep the voltage at 1.011 pu. At this point, the STATCOM absorbs 600 Mvar and the DC voltage has been lowered. From the initial trends, it has been observed on the STATCOM primary voltage and current that the current changes from capacitive to inductive in approximately one cycle. Finally, at t=0.37 s the source voltage in set back to its nominal value and the STATCOM operating point comes back to zero Mvar (cyan trace)

FIG. 7 INDICATES STATCOM FOUR WAVEFORMS (MEASURED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VOLTAGE, ABSORBING AND GENERATING REACTIVE POWER AND DC VOLTAGE)

ii) The second waveform indicated that reactive power was dropped from 0.1 to ‐0.3 pu from 0.03 to 0.22 s and ramped up 0.75 pu from 0.22 to 0.32 s momentarily and established after 0.35 s. This waveform indicates the reactive power generated or absorbed during the above mentioned STATCOM operations. iii) The third waveform indicates that the measured voltage (yellow trace) was oscillating against the reference voltage (magenta trace)from 0.12 to 0.23 s ramped down 1.0 to 0.95 pu and ramped up from 0.95 to 1.04 pu from 0.22 to0.33 s to maintain the reference voltage.

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iv) The fourth waveform indicates the DC voltage variation from 22 kV(maximum) to 18 kV (minimum) during the inductive or capacitive mode of STATCOM operations (Lemmart Anguist, CIGRE 1996:14‐302),(J.B. Ekanayake, IEEE transaction Vol.13 No.3).

Effectiveness of STATCOM Fig. 4 indicates the receiving ends voltage without STATCOM at Bahrain and Qatar. Fig. 5 shows the improved voltage with STATCOM at both receiving ends of Bahrain and Qatar. These results obtained after implementation of PID new configuration control parameters. Fig. 6 further demonstrates the STATCOM effectiveness as given below.

In the first trace, the waveforms show Vref (magenta trace) and measured voltage (yellow trace) variation from 1 pu to 0.98 pu and 1 pu to 1.03 pu. In the second trace, the variations in Iqref (magenta trace) and Iq(yellow trace) waveforms are observed. It is noticed that the measured Iq _ oscillated from ‐1.8 pu to 1.7 pu on the same path of Iq_ reference and, then leveled to a steady state value after 0.35 s. In the third trace, a variation in real and reactive powers P and Q are observed; and the Q value oscillates to compensate the required reactive power as per defined boundary from ‐1 pu to 1 pu(+/‐ 500 Mvar). In the last trace, the behavior of alpha angle is observed; in this case, there is small oscillation from 0.05 to 0.1 s. In order to enforce a corrective action to minimize the error, all observations are addressed by adjusting the control parameters precisely considering adequate safety and security margins (Gregory F.Reed, D‐STATCOM).

TABLE VI FACTS DEVICES FINAL LOCATION AND DEFINED POWER AND SYSTEM’S VOLTAGE

STATCOM model controller has developed three control limits (minimum (+/‐ CL1/CC1), medium (+/‐ CL11/CC11), and maximum (+/‐CL111/CC111) com‐ pensation. This controller oscillates in between +/‐6% at both sides of transmission lines to adjust reactive power compensation as required. These control boundaries will communicate and adjust based on sending and receiving end voltage deviation. The controller will oscillate and inject or absorb controlled reactive power based on corresponding PI controller values of each operating boundary as demonstrated in Table XI, XII. These control boundaries will effectively operate when more than one FACTS device will be in operations at different location at GCC power grid.

These will communicate to each other based on voltage deviation at sending and receiving ends (H.F.Wang, STATCOM), (Shen Dong, IEEE Jounral).

STATCOM Impact The STATCOM model demonstrates significant impact on GCC power grid in order to achieve following benefits. Fig. 4 and 5 indicate the voltage profile at receiving before and after the STATCOM (switched off and on) 

750 MW power exchanged at Doha South Substation Qatar



600 MW power exchanged at Al‐Jasra substation Bahrain

Country Name Kuwait

C2

Saudi Arabia

PC2

1200

V2

400



Improved power system stability

C3

Bahrain

PC3

600

V3

400



C4

Qatar

PC4

750

V4

400

C5

Oman United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates

PC5

400

V5

220

Meeting industrial and domestic load require‐ ments at different atmospheric conditions without any constraint.

PC6

900

V6

400

PC7

400

V7

220

C6

Line Voltage kV 400

Controller Significance

Country Id C1

C6

Power Voltage Mw ID ID PC1 1200 V1

section II. Through this technique, very strong consensus has been reached by inviting high level experts from academic and industry to calculate and determine each FACTS device CRV (credible value) by using equation (1). Based on model’s various estimated parameters, promising results are achieved as demonstrated in Table IV & V. Such selection process technique may be used in future as applicable.

Discussion Selection Model FACTS devices selection process is described by using Wideband Delphi process estimation technique in

80

The simulated results clearly show that STATCOM application will deliver promising and sustainable performance in order to improve power system opera‐ tions through implementing emerging technologies, as appropriate (Hassan K. Al‐Saad, GCC power grid).

Conclusion Principal drive of the STATCOM application in the

International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 3 Issue 2, March 2014 www.ijape.org

GCC power grid transmission line compensation is the subject of considerable interest. This study demonstrates the potential performance advantages that improve network system operations in between the Qatar and Bahrain. The GCC power network will entirely increase the power system loadability, reduce the losses and enhance sustainability of the power system performance. The results also show that STATCOM is versatile equipment with outstanding dynamic capability to improve the voltage profile, power angle and stability margin in between (Bahrain, Qatar,). Based on these results, STATCOM is a promising candidate to be implemented at GCC power grid. It also exhibits positive impact on neighboring countries’ power system operations at the GCC power grid.

TABLE IX MULTIVARIABLE CONTROLLER’S CONFIGURATION:

STATCOM LOCATION: Shunt connected at Salwa substation in between Bahrain and Doha

Rated STATCOM: +/‐ 500 MVAR

Iq regular: Kp 12dB; Ki: 0.015 dB

CC1 and LC1 = minimum compensation capacitive or inductive (VC voltage change from 1 to 2%)

Ref V: 1.0 pu (400kV)

CC11 and LC11 = medium compensation capacitive or inductive (VC voltage change from 2% to 4%)

P (proportional): Droop: CC111 and LC111 = full 0.32, 0.36, 0.38, 0.42 0.033pu/100MVA; compensation capacitive I (integral) 0.6, 0.8, Kp:14dB; or inductive (VC voltage 0.9, 1.1 Ki: 3500dB change from 4‐6%) D (derivative): none

Significance of P‐I‐D Controller:

Appendix

Proportional (K) Control Proportional action of a controller is generally referred to as the proportional gain. Herein, controller moves in proportion to the deviation between set‐point (SP) and process output (PV) value.

It was also identified and determined that that the action of the controller direct acts if the gain K is positive and reverse acting if the gain K is negative.

STATCOM proposed schematic along with control parameters in between Qatar and Bahrain ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I extend my special gratitude to Adjunct Prof. Dr Abdel‐ETY Edris for his support and value added contribution to making this study a great success.

Integral Time (Ti) Control: Integral action avoids the offset created in proportional only control by bringing the output back to the set point. It is an automatic rebalancing of the system, which operates as long as an error exists. Therefore, integral control responds to the duration of the error as well as its magnitude and direction. This is almost never used alone; rather, it is combined with proportional control. Therefore its main purpose is to eliminate the offset or the steady‐state error. The smaller the time value, the faster the integral action.

Helpful Hints STATCOM Input Data: TABLE VII POWER, VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCE

Countries

Power Exchange, Voltage & Frequency

To the Qatar or from Qatar to main transmission line

750MW, 400kV, 50Hz

To the Bahrain or from Bahrain to main transmission line

600MW, 400kV, 50Hz

TABLE VIII EXISTING REACTIVE POWER AND DISTANCE

Existing Power System Reactive Power Demand at Al‐Ghunan substation KSA Reactive Power Demand at Al Jasra substation Bahrain Reactive Power demand at Al‐Salwa Substation Reactive Power demand at Doha South Substation

Reactive Power

500MVAR

850MVAR

500MVAR

250MVAR

Distance Al Fadhili substation (KSA) to Al‐Ghunan Substation (KSA) =114 Km Al‐Ghunan Substation (KSA) to Slawa Substation (Qatar) = 288Km Slawa Substation (Qatar) to Doha South Substation = 97Km

Derivative Control (D) Action: Derivative control is an action which is proportional to the rate of change of the process error. It can improve the transient response and stability of a process control system. This is also called, rate or anticipatory control. The derivative control cannot be used alone in a process control system because no signal is produced when there is a steady‐state error (offset); and useful in controlling processes with sudden change of set point or load.

However it does not eliminate the steady‐state error or offset

Purpose: 

To increase sensitivity of the control



To provide better control of a process by reducing the time based variation.

Advantages: 

Better control of the primary variable.



Primary variable will be less affected by disturbance.

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

Faster recovery from disturbance.

Abbreviations and Acronyms TERMS PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 STATCOM‐CC1, CC11,CC111 STATCOM‐CL1, CL11,CL111 HVDC HVAC FACTS

: : : : : : : : : : : : :

GCC

:

CLC OLC FFC FBC V_ reference G1 G2 Va Ia Vdc Vac Qm QMvar Va Alpha TCR TSC1, 2, 3 Vac Vdc Kp Ki Iq

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

FUNCTIONS Defined and Shared Power by Kuwait Defined and Shared Power by Saudi Arabia Defined and Shared Power by Bahrain Defined and Shared Power by Qatar Defined and Shared Power by Oman Defined and Shared Power by UAE UAE Link with Oman STATCOM 1st, 2nd and 3rd capacitive control pattern developed in Matlab STATCOM 1st, 2nd and 3rd inductive control pattern developed in Matlab High voltage direct current High voltage alternate current Flexible Alternate Current transmission system Gulf cooperative Council (Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia) Closed loop control Open loop control Feed forward control Feedback control Reference voltage First Control transfer function 2nd control transfer function Primary voltage Primary voltage Dc voltage AC voltage Reactive power Reactive power in MVAR Secondary side of power system Firing angle Thyristor controlled reactor Thyristor switched capacitor AC voltage DC voltage Proportional Gains Integral Gains Reactive current

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system for voltage flicker compensation at seattle iron &

Steady State and Dynamic Performance Optimization

metals” Masateshi Takeda, Fre Ojima: pg 1505‐ 1512

during Network Fault Conditions” (ICREQP,10 Granada

IEEE‐2000.

Spain 23‐25 March,10).

82

International Jou urnal of Autom mation and Po ower Engineering (IJAPE) Vo olume 3 Issue 2, March 20144 www.ijape.org

Tarriq Masood, S.A. Quresshi “FACTS Control Dev vices (Statcom, SSS SC and UPFC C) Re‐Configu uration Techniiques

by PSIM/MA ATLAB” IEEE‐‐ICEE 9‐12th A April, 2007 Laahore Pakistan.

Nasser A. Al‐Emadii received thee B.S. and M.S. M degrees, both b in electtrical engineeering, from Western W Mich higan Universsity, Kalamazzoo, in 1989 and 1994 resspectively, and d the Ph.D. degree, from Michigan M Statee University, East Lansing g, in 1999. He H is currently y an Assistan nt Professor at a the departm ment gineering in Qatar Q Univerrsity. His reseearch of Electrical Eng p and control of Po ower inteerests includee operation, planning, sysstems, as well as stability an nd control of A AC machine.

Tariq Masood M (SM M’03) received d the M.Eng. in electricaal power system U of Bath, B engineeering from University Bath, UK., U in 2007 and Ph.D D. in electrical engineerring from the Universsity of Bath h, Bath, UK. He joined the t Qatar Petrroleum since 1997 where h he is currently y Production Data anaalyst. He is on o several production dep partment techn nical and d managemen nt committees’ member. Hee has publisheed 15 technical paperss in IEEE con nferences. Hee is the Secretary/ Treeasurer of IEE EE Qatar Sectio on. He receiveed several aw wards in rrecognition off his outstandiing performan nce and dedicaation to improve Qatar Petroleum m production n Operations and ntrol. He wass the secretarry for the GC CC oil produ ucing con com mpanies (QP‐Qatar, PDO‐O Oman ARAM MCO‐Saudi Arabia, KO OC‐Kuwait, TA ATWEER‐Bah hrain, and ADN NOC‐United A Arab Em mirates) technical committeee in 2008 and 22011.

Raj Ag ggarwal (SM M’91) received d the B.Eng. aand Ph.D. deg grees in electro onics and electrical engin neering from the pool, Universsity of Liveerpool, Liverp U.K., in n 1970 and 1973, 1 respectiv vely.

He then n joined the U University of B Bath, Bath, U.K, U where he is curreently Professsor of Electricaal Engineering g and Heead of the Eleectrical Power and Energy y Systems Grroup, Department off Electronic and Electriical Engineering. ofessor Aggarw wal is on seveeral Institute o of Engineering g and Pro Tecchnology and CIGRÉ comm mittees and waas a member o of the EPSRC Scientificc Advisory co ommittee on eenergy. In 20055, he t D.Eng. degree from the t Universitty of waas awarded the Liv verpool for hiis original an nd outstandin ng contributio on to electrical power systems. He has publisheed many techn nical pers and is thee recipient of several Institu ute of Engineeering pap

and d Technology p premium awards for paperss published.

Aftab Quresshi received the Suhail A degree of Master’s and Ph.D. in Electricall Engineering from the Universitty of Mancheester, Institutee of Science aand Technolog gy (UMIST), U U.K, England,, during the y year 1989 to 19993.

During tthis time he also secured th hree times OR RS (Overseas R Research Studeent) Award from UK. In 2005 he waas also awardeed Best Univerrsity f Higher E Education Com mmission (HE EC).

Teaccher Award from He iis currently w working as Pro ofessor and H Head of the Power Division in Electrrical Engineerring Departmeent, UET Lah hore. has presented d more than 1000 research pa apers in differrent He h natiional/internatiional conferen nces and journ nals. He also has com mpleted more than 125 M.S Sc. theses. He is also author of two o books in “P Power Distrib bution Syste em” and “Pow wer Systtem Transien nts” in the yeaars 2009 and 2 2011 respectiv vely.

He h has been electted many tim mes at differentt forums to seerve the Engineering community. He was elected 9‐timess as U pressident of Teaching Staff Association (TSA) in UET, Lah hored and serv ved as membeer syndicate an nd senate of U UET a nu umber of tim mes. He has also served for the causee of engiineers in Pakistan Engineerring Council (P PEC) for 6‐Yeaars.

D.P. K Kothari, obttained his B.E [Electriccal], M.E. [Pow wer Systems] and Doctorall Degree in Elecctrical Engineering from thee Birla Institu ute of Technollogy & Scieence, Pilani. His fields of specializzation are Optimal O Hyd dro‐ thermal Scheduling, U Unit Commitm ment, nance Schedulling, Energy C Con‐ Mainten serv vation (loss miinimization an nd voltage con ntrol), and Power Qua ality and Energy Systems Pllanning and M Modeling. Prio or to his a assuming charge as Vice Ch hancellor of V VIT University y, he wass the Professor of Centree for Energy Studies, Ind dian Instiitute of Technology, New D Delhi. He also sserved as Director i/c, IIT, Delhi [20005], Deputy D Director [Adm ministration], IIT, Delh hi [2003‐06], P Principal, Visv vesvaryaya Reegional Engineer‐ ing College, Nagpur [1997‐988], Head, Ceentre for Eneergy dies, IIT, Delhi [1995‐97]. He was visitting professorr at Stud Roy yal Melbourn ne Institute of Technolo ogy, Melbourne, Ausstralia in 19822‐83 and 19899 for two yea ars. He was NSF N Fellow at Purduee University, U USA in 1992. H He has published 720 research pap pers in variou us national and a internatio onal jourrnals and confferences, guideed 32 PhDs, au uthored 27 bo ooks in P Power Systemss and other alllied areas. He is a Fellow off the Indiian National Academy of Engineering [FNAE], Ind dian National Academ my of Scien nces [FNASc]], Institution of Eng gineers [FIE] an nd Fellow IEE EE.

83

www.ijape.org International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 3 Issue 2, March 2014

Appendix 1

V1

V 2 



 

FIG. 8 INDICATES THE STATCOM PROPOSED SCHEMATIC IN BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN POWER SYSTEM NETWORK TABLE XI FACTS DEVICES FINAL LOCATION AND DEFINED CAPACITIVE POWER EXCHANGE

S. No 1 2 3

DEVICE ID ST ST ST

DEVICE NAME STATCOM STATCOM STATCOM

COUNTRYID STATIONID S1/C1 S1/C1 S1/C1

CAPACTIVIE CONTROL ID CC1 CC11 CC111

P (POR) 0.32 0.36 0.38

I (INT) 0.6 0.8 0.9

REFERENCE VOLTAGE(KV) 400 400 400

MEASURED VOLTAGE (KV) 392 384 376

ERROR IN % ‐2% ‐4% ‐6%

TABLE XII FACTS DEVICES FINAL LOCATION AND DEFINED INDUCTIVE POWER EXCHANGE

S. No 1 2 3

84

DEVICE ID ST ST ST

DEVICE COUNTRYID NAME STATIONID STATCOM S1/C1 STATCOM S1/C1 STATCOM S1/C1

INDUCTIVE CONTROL ID LC1 LC11 LC111

P (POR) 0.32 0.36 0.38

I (INT) 0.6 0.8 0.9

REFERENCE MEASURED VOLTAGE(KV) VOLTAGE (KV) 400 408 400 416 400 424

ERROR IN % 2% 4% 6%