Endnotes for Appendix [1] CA OEHHA, CalEnviroScreen 4.0, 2021. [2] Note: The technical consultant originally modeled GHG emissions for increasing parking pricing in the exiting extent, but staff updated the action to include an increase in Residential Parking Permit fees to better reflect SFMTA plans. Staff independently determined that the GHG emissions reductions from an increase in Residential Parking Permit fees (over a larger area and smaller relative price increase) would be comparable to an increase in parking meter and garage fees (over a smaller area and larger relative price increase). [3] https://www.caleemod.com/handbook/index.html [4] Low carbon modes include transit, active transportation, HOV 3+, and EVs. Priority modes are just transit and active transportation. [5] A 98% electric personal vehicle fleet by 2050 is an assumption based on optimistic estimates of vehicle fleet turnover. See https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/10/climate/electric-vehicle-fleet-turnover. html, summarizing work from Alarfaj, A. F., Griffin, W. M., & Samaras, C. (2020). Decarbonizing US passenger vehicle transport under electrification and automation uncertainty has a travel budget. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 0940c2. [6] Assumption based on high-level review of walking speeds, headways, and regional travel patterns. [7] BART Station Profile Study, 2015. https://www.bart.gov/about/reports/profile, retrieved 11/22/2022 [8] Community Cycling Center (2012). Understanding Barriers to Bicycling Project: Final Report. https:// communitycyclingcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Understanding-Barriers-Final-Report.pdf retrieved 11/22/2022 [9] Manaugh, Boisjoly, and El-Geneidy (accepted). Overcoming barriers to active transportation: A mixed methods approach to understanding reasons for not cycling. Transportation. https://tram.mcgill.ca/Research/ Publications/over_coming_barriers.pdf retrieved 11/22/2022. [10] Brand, C., Dons, E., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Clark, A., de Nazelle, A., ... & Panis, L. I. (2021). The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 93, 102764. [11] Can Bike Colorado Data Dashboard, https://dashboard.canbikeco.org/ Retrieved 11/22/2022 [12] SF Office of the Environment (2017). San Francisco Commuter Benefits Ordinance Annual Report. [13] Ibid. [14] Lehner, S., & Peer, S. (2019). The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 121, 177-191. [15] ICF (2018) Electric Vehicle Charging Stations as CEQA Mitigation: Greenhouse Gas Reductions and Cost Effectiveness. https://dtnz.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb481/files/Task-3D-EV-Charging-Stations-as-GHGMitigation-Mechanism-under-CEQA_White-Paper.pdf Accessed 11/22/2022. 86
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