URDU HAIKU HAIAT, TAJARBAAT AUR TAGHERAAT, EaK MOTALAH
Maqsood Hasni
Abuzar Barqi Kutab'khana 2016
URDU HAIKU HAIAT, TAJARBAAT AUR TAGHERAAT, EaK MOTALAH
Haiku japani sinaf-e-adab hai. Hamaray haan Hiko/Haikoo/haiku talafaz mustamal hain. Asl japani talafuz Haiku hai. Agar'chah yah kisi na'kisi hawala se 1929 ya is se kuch pehlay motarauf ho chuki thi laikin Is ki urdu main ba'qaeda takhleeq o tashkeel aur daramad ka sehra Dr. Mohammad Amin par hai. Is kay liay 17 (5-7-5) arkaan teh pa’ay. Kush nay pabandi ki aur kush is pabandi say aazad rahay.Dosri daramda asnaf-e-adab ki tarah is
sinaf-e-sukhan nay bhi is dharti ka mazaaj apnaya aur ab yah ajnabi mehsoos nahain hoti.
Yah asooli si baat hai kah mahajar jab tak os dharti ka mazaaj, saliqa, rovaeya, toor–o-atwar, nahvi aur lisani asool, tarz-e-mashrat waghera ikhtayar nahain karta, awaal ta'aakhir mahajar hi rehta hai. Haiku nay bhi is adbi, lisani aur samaji asool ko nazar’andaz nahain kiya. Yahan apna ghar bananay ke liay yah momkin bhi na tha. Is ki rooh main yahaan ki matti ki khushbu aanay kay sabab yah sinaf-e-adab khoob phali pholi hai. Sab say bari baat to yah hai kah issay chahnay waloon ki achachi khasi tadaad mayassar aa gaee.
Dr. Mohammad Amin nay na’siraf tarajam (ZARD PHOLOON KI KHUSH'BU) paish ki balkah khud bhi baray shan'dar haiku takhleeq kiay. Akhtar Shumaar kay haan Hamdiya, Natiya aur karbalaee haiku parhnay ko miltay hain. Eak intakaab Naseem Saher nay paish kiya. Woh khud bhi achchay sha’ir hain aur oon ka kalam mukhtalif adbi rasael main shaya hota rehta hai. Haider Gardaizi ka majmoa abtadaee dinoon ka hai, is nay bhi is sinaf ko waqar bakhsha. Oon ka soch apni noeat ka hai. Issi tara Hamaet Ali sha’ir kay seh'misray saraf-enazar nahain kiay ja sakain gay.
1986 main Maqsood Hasni nay “ Sapnay Aglay Pehar Kay” nasri haiku paish kiay, jin ka Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto,Gurmakhi, English, koriyan waghera main tarjama howa. Goya
yah sab is sinaf ki maqboliat ka sabab bana. Aaj yah surat hai kah is sinaf ka charcha yahaan ki bohat sari zobanoon main milta hai. in zabanoon main yahaan kay mazaaj aur moashrat kay sath bohat say baray umda aur la’jawab haiku parhnay ko mil jatay hain. Assal main is ki maqboliat ka sabab, is ka ikhtasar aur moqami haiku nagaroon ki pur'khaloos kavash’gari hai.
Haiku main bonyadi cheez os ka nazriya-e-takhleeq hai jabkah haiat sanvi moamlah therta hai. Nazria-e-takhleeq main teen batain aati hain: •Kisi cheez, khasusan fitri aur qudrati aanasar par pehli nazar paray aur os nazar kay hawala say paida honay wala ta’asar. •Os paida honay walay ta’asar ko ossi tarah
jaisa wo hai qalamk aghaz kay hawalay kar daina •Paida honay walay ta’asar main kisi qisam ki tabdeli aur aalodgi nahain honi chahea. Agar tabdeli ho gi ya ki ja’ay gi to ossay haiku ka naam daina monasab na ho ga.
Hamaray haan jab Dr. Mohammad Amin nay is sinaf-e-sukhan ko motaraf karwaya to darj-e-bala amoor ko awaliat hassal rahi ta’hum is kay liay teen misray (lines) shart qaem rahi. Chand masalain malahzah hoon: •Yah safar hai, qayam hai, kiya hai Yah masafat kah teh hoee na kabhi Zindagi kiya hai ratjagoon ka safar (Mohammad Amin)
•Sabr likha giya lahu say tairy Tashnagi soo rahi thi khaimoon main Sath os kay Farat behta tha (Akhtar Shamar)
•Dobti hai kabhi obharti hai Hairatoon kay khulay somandar main Mairi sochoon ki dolti nao (Bashir saifi)
•Mujh ko itni si roshni day day Dil kay kamray main baith kar pal bhar Apnay halaat-e-zindagi parh sakoon (Haidar Gardayzi)
Baad’azain is kay owazan par mobahas ka silsala chal nikla aur is kay liay 17 (5-7-5) arkan ki pabandi lazam theri.
1986 main Maqsood Hasni kay nasri haiku ka majmoah “Sapnay Aglay Pehhar Kay” shaya howa. Khayaal tha kah yah achchi khasi tanqeed ka nishana banay ga laikin is majmuay ki bari tehsein-o-paziraee hoee. Is kay mukhtalif zobanoon main tarajam bhi howay. Nasri haiku ko paish karnay ka bonyadi maqsad yah tha kah obaarnay wala ta’asar (thought) bahar’toor kisi bhi hawala say majru nahain hona chahiay. Nasri kalam main aahang ko bonyadi haisiat hasal hoti hai. Aahang dar’haqiqat towazan (Balance) ka dosra naam hai. Batoor namona kuch haiku malahzah hoon:
•Jiwan kay pechlay pehar Aglay pehar kay sapnay Sonay nahain daitay aksar
•Aao zohad-o-taqa Taqleed-e-aasar main Pamila kay naam kar dain
•Makhi ghaleez to hai Apni hat main laikin Naak ki dushman hai
•Kala kawa Kali ratoon main Mehman howa ojaloon ka
Dr. Sabar Aafaqi ka kehna tha kah yah haiku nasri nahain hain. Oon kay motabaq hermisray main wazan hai aur tinoon misroon kay owazan alag say hain. Baat zara mazeed aagay bhari to haiku kay pehlay aur tisray misray ko hum’qafia hona zaroori qarar day diya giya. Maslan ka yah Hamdiya Hai kumalahzah farmaein: •Naam adab say lay Saray ojalay phelay hain Isam-e-Mohammad say Sha’ir Ali Sha’ir
Asl moamlah yah bhi hai kah mahajar apni walait ki samaji, moashi, imrani, moasharti aur nafasyati rowayaat sath lata hai laikin dosri
walait main yah sab nahain chal pata. Ossay os khita-e-araz kay hawala say jina paray ga warna mohajar ka mohajar hi rahay ga. Ya bhir onhain, os khitah e arz ke motabaq dhalna paray ga. Yahan is baat ko bhi bhulna nahain chahiay kah wo haiku ka ibtadae door tha.Insan ki tarah asnaf-e-sukhan waqt kay sath taghiraat say gozarti hain. Ghazal ko daikh lain gham-e-janaan kay hisaar say nikal kar gham-e-doraan aur gham-e-rooz'gar tak aa ponchi hai.
Ehad-e-Meer aur aaj ki ghazal ko daikh lain, fiqri lisani aur asloobi itbar say zamein aasman ka faraq nazar aa’ay ga. Ta’hum is ki eak cheez tora-e-amtiyaz rahay gi kah wo is ka godaz’pun aur reshmeat hai. Yah silsala rok nahain pa’ay ga. Khuda janay aatay waqtoon main kahaan
tak ponchachy. Ungint tajarbay hoon gay aur issi ka naam zindagi hai.
Bhala haiku in tajarbaat say kayoon’kar bach pa’ay gi. Tajarboon ka rasta nahain roka ja sakta aur nahi rokna chahiaya, yah zoban, asloob aur fiqr kay liay som-e-qatal hai. Bawar rahay rasta rok bhi nahin sakta kayon’kah is ki lagam waqt kay hath main rehti hai. Zindagi ko to chaltay rehna hai. Mairay ya kisi aur kay kehnay say zindagi aur is say motalqaat rok to nahain saktay.
Haiku aaj Urdu ki maqbool tarein sinaf-e-adab hai ab yah japani nahain rahi. Is main tajarbay ho rahay hain. Humdia, Natiya aur Hussani haiku takhleeq pa rahay hain .Yah sab
Japani haiku main kahaan hai. Is liay yah kehna ziyada monasab ho ga kah haiku nay Urdu ka mazaj, saliqa, toor, asloob, andaz aur lisani chalan ikhtayar kar liya hai. Aaj issay badaisi nahain kaha ja sakta. Chand Japani haiku malahzah hoon. Is say mozoaat ka faraq wazay ho ja’ay ga:
•Baraf Jo hum donoon nay daikhi thi Kiya is saal bhi girray gi (Basho 1644-1694)
•Tanhaee bhi Mosarrat hai Sham-e-khezaan (Yosa bosan 1716-1784)
•Kitni hosein hai Darwazay kay sorakh say Kehkashaan (Kobashi asa 1763-1828)
•Barsaat Ghar ka rasta sailabi hai Aur mandak wahaan tair rahay hain (Masaokashiki 1867-1902)
(Zarad Pholoon Ki Khoshboo, Motarjam Dr. Mohammad Amin, Victri Book Bank, Lahore 1992)
Aaj ki Urdu aur Farsi ghazal qareeb qareeb ho kar bhi apna joda rang dhang aur rang-o-roop rakhti hai. Aisi hi surat Japani aur Urdu haiku kay sath dar'paish hai aur rahay gi. Yah koee naee baat nahain, Haiku nay Urdu mazaj ko kush’dili say apnaya hai. Is ki yah kush’mazaji aur kush’dili hi urdu main is kay panpanay ka sabab bani hai.