Maritime and Technical English for Deck Officers by SitiodoLivro.pt

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Elisa Semedo de Sรก Bandeira

MARITIME AND TECHNICAL ENGLISH FOR DECK OFFICERS (volume 1)

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FICHA TÉCNICA TÍTULO / TITLE:

Maritime and Technical English for Deck Officers – Vol. I AUTORA / AUTHOR: Elisa Semedo de Sá Bandeira EDIÇÃO / EDITION: edições ex-Libris ® (Chancela Sítio do Livro) ILUSTRAÇÕES / ILUSTRATIONS:

Tiago Teixeira Rita, Miguel Bandeira, Rita Bandeira CONSULTORIA / CONSULTING: Capt. Tiago Carrelo, Capt. Nuno Gouveia PROOFREADING: David Hardisty PAGINAÇÃO / PAGINATION:

Alda Teixeira ARRANJO DE CAPA / COVER LAYOUT: Filipa Câmara Pestana Lisboa, março 2020/Lisbon, March 2020 ISBN:

978-989-8867-81-0 465343/19

DEPÓSITO LEGAL:

© ELISA SEMEDO DE SÁ BANDEIRA Todos os direitos de propriedade reservados, em conformidade com a legislação vigente. A reprodução, a digitalização ou a divulgação, por qualquer meio, não autorizadas, de partes do conteúdo desta obra ou do seu todo constituem delito penal e estão sujeitas às sanções previstas na Lei. All rights reserved, in accordance with current legislation. Reproduction, unauthorized digitization or disclosure, by any means, of parts of the contents of this work or of the whole constitute a criminal offense and are subject to the sanctions provided for in the Law. Declinação de Responsabilidade: a titularidade plena dos Direitos Autorais desta obra pertence apenas ao(s) seu(s) autor(es), a quem incumbe exclusivamente toda a responsabilidade pelo seu conteúdo substantivo, textual ou gráfico, não podendo ser imputada, a qualquer título, ao Sítio do Livro, a sua autoria parcial ou total. Assim mesmo, quaisquer afirmações, declarações, conjeturas, relatos, eventuais inexatidões, conotações, interpretações, associações ou implicações constantes ou inerentes àquele conteúdo ou dele decorrentes são da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es). Disclaimer: the full ownership of the Copyright of this work belongs only to its author (s), who is exclusively responsible for its substantive, textual or graphic content, and cannot be imputed, by any means to Sítio do Livro, its partial or total authorship. Likewise, any statements, declarations, conjectures, reports, eventual inaccuracies, connotations, interpretations, constant or inherent associations or implications to that content or arising from it are the sole responsibility of its author (s).

PUBLICAÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO / PUBLISHING AND SALES:

www.sitiodolivro.pt publicar@sitiodolivro.pt (+351) 211 932 500

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To my husband and my children, my inspiration.

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Contents Acnowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Being a Deck Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 17 23

PART I – TOPICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit 1 – The bridge and Aids to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.A.1. The bridge of a ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.A.2. Aids to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.B. Professional situations related to topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.C. SMCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.D. Role playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.E. Use of English / Grammar revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of Unit 1 – Check your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit 2 Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.A.1. Fire prevention, detection and fighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.A.2. Life-saving appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.B. Professional situations related to the topic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.C. IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.D. Role playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.E. “Use of English / Grammar revision” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of Unit 2 – Check your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit 3 – Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.A.1. Types of Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.A.2. Rules of the road – COLREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.A.3. Buoyage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.A.4. Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.B. Professional situations related to topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.C. SMCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27 29 29 35 43 48 49 54 58 61 63 63 73 81 82 87 89 95 97 97 104 113 122 134 134

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3.D. Role playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.E. Use of English / Grammar revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of Unit 3 – Check your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit 4 – Seamanship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.A.1. Seamanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.A.2. Anchoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.A.3. Berthing and unberthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.B. Professional situations related to topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.C. SMCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.D. Role playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.E. Use of English / Grammar revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of Unit 4 – Check your knowledge: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit 5 – Keeping a Navigational Watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.A.1. Officer in charge of a navigational watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.A.2. Handing/ taking over the watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.A.3. Navigation with pilot on board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.A.4. Ship at anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.B. Professional situations related to topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.C. SMCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.D. Role playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.E. Use of English / Grammar revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of Unit 5 – Check your knowledge: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

135 138 141 145 145 149 155 161 161 164 167 170 173 173 181 184 184 187 187 199 201 203

PART II – ROLE-PLAYING EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 PART III – MARITIME ENGLISH GRAMMAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passive voice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modal verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reported Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

211 213 214 215 217 218 220

PART IV – KEY TO EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Check your knowledge exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Role playing exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

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BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Marine Communication Phrases – Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Irregular verbs in English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

241 243 245 250

Figures Figure 1: An overview of a ship’s bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2: The conning position on the bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3: Operational areas on the bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4: Ship’s controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5: Command console on the bridge wing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 6: Chartroom or chart table.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7: Radio communications console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 8: Magnetic compass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 9: Gyrocompass – the sphere with gyroscope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 10: Gyro compass repeater with a bearing marker on it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 11: Deck officer taking a bearing with a bearing marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 12: The auto pilot console with steering wheel and gyro compass repeater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 13: Two GPS receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 14: AIS display unit (Source: www. Kelvinhugues.com) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 15: Electronic chart display .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 16: Echo sounder – principle of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 17: Display of an Echo sounder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 18: A Navtex receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 19: Example of a Navigational Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 20: A marine Radar – indicator unit (and antenna) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 21: Navigational chart and the corresponding image on the radar.. . . . . Figure 22: Presentation modes – Head-Up, North-Up and Course-Up. . . . . . . . Figure 23: Bulk carrier “Port Estoril”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 24: The Time line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 25: Triangle of fire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 26: Smoke detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 27: Classification of fires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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30 31 32 32 32 33 33 35 36 36 37 38 39 39 40 42 42 43 43 44 44 46 54 59 64 65 66

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Figure 28: A Fire extinguisher / fighting a fire with an extinguisher. . . . . . . . . . Figure 29: Hose reel and IMO Safety signs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 30: Fixed firefighting system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 31: Sprinkler heads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 32: Schematic diagram of a sprinkler system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 33: Fire hydrant, on deck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 34: Fire hose nozzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 35: Fire control plan – diagram to be displayed on public locations on board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 36: Fire alarm panel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 37: Life Saving Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 38: Free fall lifeboat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 39: Cylindrical container holding a life raft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 40: Strap for securing the container to the cradle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 41: Safety plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 42: Safety signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 43: Abandoning ship drill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 44: The Time line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 45: The globe and illustration of latitude and longitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 46: Navigational chart and a ruler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 47: Azimuth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 48: Officer using the sextant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 49: DR fix and Estimated position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 50: Principle of coastal navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 51: Navigation in restricted waters. (navigational chart). . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 52: Navigation in restricted waters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 53: Screen of a radar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 54: Global positioning system – constellation of satellites and GPS receiver .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 55: Basic navigation lights on board a ship (http://www.nauticalsoftware.com). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 56: Basic navigation lights on a vessel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 57: Types of navigation lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 58: Mast of a cargo vessel with the navigation lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 59: Basic lighting configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 60: Day shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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67 67 67 68 68 69 69 71 71 74 75 76 76 80 80 88 89 98 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 104 105 106 106 107 107 109

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Figure 61: COLREG – traffic situations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 62: COLREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 63: IALA Maritime Buoyage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 64: Buoy shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 65: Buoys top marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 66: Region A Lateral mark – Starboard hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 67: Region A Lateral mark – Port hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 68: Region A Preferred channel to Starboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 69: Region A Preferred channel to Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 70: Cardinal Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 71: Isolated Danger Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 72: Preferred channel (to port) marks (region A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 73: Safe water buoys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 74: Synoptic chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 75: Wave crests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 76: Sea currents around the globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 77: UK shipping weather forecast areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 78: Forecast zones Atlantic North – Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 79: US forecast area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 80: Portuguese weather forecast areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 81: Day shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 82: Translational motions of the ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 83: Rotational motions of the ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 84: Action of wind on beam of vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 85: Anchor and anchor chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 86: The swinging circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 87: On board communications during manoeuvres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 88: Mooring bollards and mooring hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 89: Mooring lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 90: Officer performing a navigational watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 91: Different stages of the officer’s performance on the bridge . . . . . . . . . Figure 92: Handind over the watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 93: Page from Bridge Procedures Guide, by ICC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 94: Pilot embarking the ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 95: Extract from a Radar Technical Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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110 111 113 115 116 117 117 118 118 119 120 120 121 122 123 124 126 127 128 136 141 147 147 148 151 153 157 159 159 174 176 182 183 200 207

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Tables Table 1: Radar frequency bands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2: Standard organizational frases for radio communication. . . . . . . . . . . Table 3: SMCP – Words and numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4: Ambiguous words in radio communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5: Latitude and Longitude.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6: Course and heading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7: Position being expressed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8: Other concepts in navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9: Basic rules – COLREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 10: Lights with special significance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 11: Day shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 12: Sound signal equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 13: Sound blasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 14: Sound basic signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 15: Buoyage – Light’s characteristics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 16: Light’s characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 17: Beaufort wind scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 18: Wind forces of gales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 19: Onset of gales – timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 20: Levels of visibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 21: Movement of pressure system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 22: Pressure tendency.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 23: Wind direction and change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 24: Weather forecast terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 25: Distribution of weather phenomena.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 26: Situations of the ship when “moving”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 27: Translational motions of the ship (linear motions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 28: Rotational motions of the ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 29: Slamming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 30: Anchoring – step by step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 31: Mooring lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 32: Factors to be considered in watch arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 33: OOW – performing navigational watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 34: Lookout and situational awareness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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44 50 51 52 98 99 99 100 107 108 109 111 112 112 114 124 130 131 131 131 132 132 132 133 146 146 148 148 150 150 159 174 175 176

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Table 35: Sole lookout during daylight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 36: Composition of the navigational watch – relevant factors. . . . . . . . . . Table 37: Regular checks during watch.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 38: Checks on magnetic and gyro compasses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 39: Situations for notifying the master. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 40: Watch keeping under different conditions and in different areas (summary). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 41: Handing over the watch: Information to be transmitted.. . . . . . . . . . . Table 42: Ship at anchor – procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 43: Ship at anchor – OOW checklist.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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177 177 178 178 179 181 182 184 185

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Acnowledgements This book would not have been possible without the cooperation and support of some people to whom I am really greatful. They are: – Capt. Cristina Alves, CEO from Portline Bulk International, for her great support and sponsorship: – Álvaro Sardinha CEO from Apormar, for his good advices, support and sponsorship; – The board of the Alumni Association from ENIDH, for sponsorship; – Capt. Grego Dias from Mutualista Açoreana, for authorizing the pictures on board mv “Corvo”; – My colleagues, Nuno Gouveia, Tiago Carrelo and Carlos Santos from my department in Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique; – My PhD colleague, Julie Mason for introducing me to my efficient proofreader David Hardisty; – Ms. Sandra Pena, from Sítio do Livro, for her pacience and efficiency; – My dear friend Susana Broco for her interest and great support; – My dear friend Isabel Bollanos for her great help with audio files; – My dearest student and friend, Gonçalo Santos, a good looking seafarer! Finally, my greatest thanks to my wonderful family: my children Rita, Miguel and Tiago, my husband Zé and my brother Álvaro. They are, indeed, my daily inspiration.

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Agradecimentos Este livro não teria sido possível sem a coloboração e o apoio de algumas pessoas a quem estou realmente grata. Eles são: – Cte. Cristina Alves, CEO da Portline Bulk International, pelo seu apoio e patrocínio: – Álvaro Sardinha, CEO da Apormar, pelos seus bons conselhos, apoio e patrocínio; – A direção da Associação de Antigos Alunos da ENIDH, pelo patrocínio; – Cte Grego Dias, da Mutualista Açoreana, por autorizar as fotos a bordo do mv “Corvo”; – Meus colegas Nuno Gouveia, Tiago Carrelo e Carlos Santos, do meu departamento na Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique; – Minha colega de doutoramento, Julie Mason, por me apresentar ao meu eficiente revisor David Hardisty; – Sandra Pena, do Sítio do Livro, pela sua paciência e eficiência; – Minha querida amiga Susana Broco, pelo seu interesse neste trabalho e grande apoio; – Minha querida amiga Isabel Bollanos, pela sua grande ajuda na produção dos ficheiros de audio ; – Meu querido aluno e amigo Gonçalo Santos, um marítimo muito bem parecido; Finalmente, os meus maiores agradecimentos vão para à minha maravilhosa família: meus filhos Rita, Miguel e Tiago, meu marido Zé e meu irmão Álvaro. Eles são, de fato, a minha inspiração diária.

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Introduction Who is this book for? This book was designed for Deck Officers or Naval Officers who have an interest in improving their Maritime English knowledge, as well as marine sciences students, naval students, shipping business officers and all those who are interested in Maritime English. Although there are other materials dedicated to Maritime English, this book aims to be slightly different and is mainly focused on the professional needs of deck officers. Those who are responsible for navigation, bridge resource management, communications, safety management, cargo, loading and unloading operations will find here the most common situations experienced by a deck officer. The book covers a wide range of professional situations most frequently encountered by a Deck officer on board a ship. Nowadays, most ships are manned by multilingual crews and the need for fluency in Maritime and Technical English is of utmost importance. The structure and the topics of the book also aims to be in line with the contents of section 2 of the IMO Model course 3.17, 2015 Edition which concerns Specialized Maritime English. The guiding level of this book is Intermediate (B2) since it is considered to be the adequate level for an officer to be able to perform his or her duties.

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How this book is organized PART I – Topics: Reading, terminology, professional situations, SMCP and role playing examples (with audio files) PART II – Role playing exercises PART III – Maritime English Grammar PART IV – Key to the exercises Part I is the main part of the book and it is divided into Units. Each unit is dedicated to a topic considered relevant for the Deck officer, with texts which comprise a large number of maritime and technical terms along with short descriptions. Each topic contains SMCP extracts. For each topic there is a selection of potential professional situations which are connected to it. Furthermore, there are “Role Playing” examples which are based on realistic professional situations. You can download or listen online to all the role playing audio files in the website echobravoenglish.com or by scanning this QR code.

www.echobravoenglish.com

Part II comprises Role Playing exercises, with the corresponding audio files. Part III covers some items of English grammar which are considered important for the topics and situations presented. For instance, the use of the passive voice when reporting or describing an equipment malfunction. Part IV contains the key to the exercises.

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Maritime and Technical English for Deck Officers

The characters Captain Cristina and 2nd Mate Francisco will guide you throughout the book. These characters were based on real deck officers who I met on board when I was at sea and they were an example of competence and professionalism. The other characters are fictional. Some other crew members Chief Mate: Vasco Gama (portuguese) 2nd mate: Francisco de Almeida (portuguese) Deck cadet: GonĂ§alo Reis (portuguese) Bosun: Mariuz Magellan (filipino) 1st AB seaman: Reza Divedra (filipino) 2nd AB seaman: Pasipo Sirenha (filipino) Chief engineer: JosĂŠ Diaz Ballena (spanish) 2nd engineer: Adam Talinski (polish) Electrician: Ines Gomez (spanish)

The author: Elisa Bandeira

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Topic

The bridge and aids to navigation

Safety on board

Unit

Volume 1

Contents

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Safety drills on board

A.2. Life saving appliances

Reading and understanding ISM code and company’s SMS

Checking and maintenance of LSA (Life Saving Appliances)

Checking and maintenance of fire detection and firefighting equipment;

Giving instructions to fire party – briefing during drills

Reading and understanding the Fire control plan

Operate electronic navigational aids and explain their working condition and operation

Understand equipment’s technical manuals and report failures and malfunctions in writing and orally

A.1. Fire prevention, detection and fighting

A.2.Aids to Navigation (AtoN)

A.1.The bridge of a ship

B2/3

B2/2

B2/1

A2/3

B1/2

B1/1

Fire party drill

Safety drill - abandoning ship

Explaining the preventive maintenance procedures for electronic equipment to a colleague

Explaining a malfunction of the radar to the master

Explain how an item of equipment works

Report Writing

Reported Speech

Verb tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous and Present Perfect

Relative clauses

Describing function, purpose and use

Verb tenses: Present Simple and Continuous

Use of English Grammar Revision

Role-playing () (listening / speaking)

Explain how an equipment is used and operated;

SMCP covered

Show the bridge and position of electronic equipment

Professional situations related to topic

Subsidiary topics (reading / terminology)

Read and understand nautical publications;

IMO Model Course 3.17 part 2.1.C 2.

1.4.1.

1.4.5.

1.1

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Seamanship

Keeping a navigational watch

A.4. Ship at anchor

A.3. Navigation with pilot on board

A.2. Handing/ taking over the watch

A.1. Officer in charge of a navigational watch

A.3. Berthing and unberthing

A.2. Anchoring

A.1. Seamanship

Watchkeeping with pilot on board

Hand over / take over the watch

Understand meteorological information – weather forecasts and urgent meteorological warnings

Communications with the terminal and mooring personnel ashore

Onboard communications during manoeuvres

Working with tugs

Berthing and unberthing

Anchoring,

Steering the ship: giving orders to helmsman

Read, Understand and comply with COLREGs

Understand buoyage system worldwide

Listen and understand Navigational warnings broadcast by radiotelephony;

A.3. Buoyage

A.4. Meteorology

Understand Weather Charts and Weather forecasts from different sources;

A.2. Rules of the road COLREG

B2/2

A1/4

Pilot on board

Handing over the watch

– Preparing for anchoring – Anchoring manoeivres

– Discussing navigation issues with the Master (passage plan) – Storm warning received by OOW

Conditionals (If clauses)

Prepositions

Verb tenses: Future Simple and “going to” Use of Present Continuous (referring to future)

Passive voice

Modal verbs

1.4.1.

1.4.6.

1.2.

1.1.

Volume 2 (will cover the following topics): 1. Radio communications (GMDSS); 2. The passage plan and voyage plan ; 3. International regulations and ship’s documents; 4. Meetings and ship’s correspondence; 5.In port – cargo handling

Navigation

Read and understand nautical publications related to Safety of Navigation

A.1.Types of navigation

Understand navigational charts and their symbols

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Being a Deck Officer Hello! I am Captain Cristina and I have been a Deck Officer for over 30 years. I have served on board different types of ships and have been in many places all over the world. Being a seafarer is not always easy but the good news is that it can be a great adventure! If you choose to become a Deck Officer, you will soon feel like a citizen of the world and the sea will be your country! But for all this, fluency in English is of utmost importance! I’ll be your guide throughout this book and I hope you’ll find it useful. Welcome aboard!!

According to the STCW (Seafarers Training Certification and Watchkeeping) Convention , as amended, it is expected from an Officer in charge of a navigational watch, “to show adequate knowledge of the English language to enable the officer perform his (her) duties, namely to use charts and other nautical publications, to understand meteorological information and messages concerning ship’s safety and operation, to communicate with other ships, coast stations and VTS centres and to perform the officer’s duties also with a multilingual crew, including the ability to use and understand the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (IMO SMCP)” TABLE STCW: A-II/1 (according to latest amendments Manila 2010) – also specifies the following: Knowledge, comprehension and necessary skills for internal and external communications on board. Acquisition of competencies to perform the following functions: • Maintain a safe navigational watch • Monitor the loading, stowage, securing, care during the voyage and the unloading of cargoes • Inspect and report defects and damage to cargo spaces, hatch covers and ballast tanks • Application of leadership and team working skills • Use of the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases

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Effective communication English is also required according to different situations on board, as follows: A) Knowledge of bridge resource management principles, including effective communication B) Ability to establish and maintain effective communications during loading and unloading operations C) Knowledge and ability to explain where to look for damage and defects most commonly encountered namely: C1. Ability to state which parts of the ship shall be inspected each time in order to cover all parts within a given period of time C2. State the causes of corrosion in cargo spaces and ballast tanks and how corrosion can be identified and prevented C3. Ability to explain how to ensure reliable detection of defects and damages D) Knowledge and ability to apply effective resource management, including effective communication onboard and ashore E) The use of reporting in accordance with the General Principles for Ship Reporting Systems and with VTS Procedures.

Here are some examples of professional situations which require fluency English, from a Deck Officer:

During the voyage Passage planning (reading and understanding nautical publications) • On watch: •

– Using charts and other nautical publications – understanding and explaining their contents – Understanding meteorological information (weather forecasts) and messages (warnings) concerning ship’s safety and operation – Operating electronic navigational aids and explaining their working condition and operation – Communicating using VHF with other ships and shore stations (VTS centres) – Handing over the watch – Ballast operations management

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• • • • • • • • • • •

Using the radio communication equipment (emergency and routine communications) Understanding equipment technical manuals and reporting failures and malfunctions in writing and orally Onboard communication during manoeuvres On board communication with the pilot Checking and maintenance of fire detection and fire fighting systems Carrying out safety drills and briefings during drills ISM reports Checking and maintenance of Life saving Appliances Working on deck with Bosun and ratings – giving instructions Socializing with crew members of other nationalities Interacting with passengers

In port: • • • • • • •

Meetings with shipping agents, port authorities, etc. Meetings with cargo handling personnel. Supervising loading and unloading operations. Interaction with stevedores and ship planners. Internal/External audits; Port State Control; Flag Inspections. Familiarization for new crewmembers. Ballast operations management.

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