11/7/2010
Understanding Our Youth
How would you know you succeeded as a parent? Brenda Sing-Ota, MS Professional Clinical Counselor, Asha Asher, MA (OTR/L), FAOTA, M Ed (Sp Ed)
Culture Differences Identity
Education
Community
Cultural Differences
• Acculturation • Parenting Styles • Stages of Identity
• Expectations • Extra Curricular Activities
Asian Values
Host Country Values
Family Centered
Nuclear Family
Restraint of feelings
Verbal/Emotional behavioral
expressiveness Well defined patterns of
• Social Relationships • Communication
Transitional
interaction
Sue & Sue 1990
Acculturation Continuum
Parenting Styles Authoritarian
Assimilate
Marginalize
Separate
Integrate
• Many rules and demands • Few explanations • Little sensitive to child’s needs or perspective • “Because I said so.” • Obedient, proficient. Tend to rank lower in social competence, self esteem, happiness
Farver 2007
Permissive
Uninvolved
• Few rules or demands • Little attempt to control child’s behavior • Indulgent
• Few rules or demands • Insensitive and inattentive to child's needs • Little communication
• Problems with authority, perform poorly ins school.
• Lack self control, low self-esteem, less competent than peers
Authoritive • • • •
Reasonable demands Consistently enforced Sensitivity to Child Acceptance
• Happy, capable, successful
Maccoby, E.E. and Baumrind, D
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Erickson’s Stages of Development
Education Age
Challenge
Focus
Virtue
0-2
Trust vs. Mistrust
Caretaker
Hope
3-4
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Parents
Will
5-8
Initiative vs. Guilt
Family
Purpose
9-12
Industry vs. Inferiority
Neighborhood
Competence
13-19
Identity vs. Identity Confusion
Peer groups
Fidelity
Young Adult
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Male & Female
Love
Adulthood
Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
Job, Acquaintance Family Interaction
Care
Mature Age
Integrity vs. Despair
All of Mankind
Wisdom
Education
A: Average - Asians must always “earn” that A+ or
extra credit point on the Calculus test. B: Bad – C: Crap – D: Death – F: Don’t go there…
Education Expectations Asian
Host Country
High standards
Doing one’s best
Academic achievement to
Pursuit of happiness
high socioeconomic status Promising fields: medicine,
42% of all Asian American adults have at least a
college degree
engineering, hard sciences, business Little room for negation
Contribute to society
Negotiation
Kao & Hebert 2006
Extra Curricular Activities
Social Relationships
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Communication
Social Relationships Lai Lei (2008). The Glass Ceiling for Asian Americans: How
Perceptions of Competence and Social Skills Explain Hiring Differentials. H. JOHN HEINZ III SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY AND MANAGEMENT. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Asian American
Host Country Speak loud/fast to control
Speak Softly
listener
Avoidance of eye contact when listening or speaking to high status person
Greater eye contact when
Interject less
Head nods, nonverbal markers
Mild delay
Quick responding
Low-keyed, Indirect
listening
Objective, task oriented
Sue & Sue 1990
What you can do now?
A Tough Mom’s Standard, NPR
Seek to understand your child’s world Validate your child Equip them for their future
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?stor yId=129305738
Questions?
Recommended Reading “Third Culture Kid Experience. Growing up among
Worlds, “David C Pollock and Ruth E. Van Reken (1999) The Five Fundamental of Effective Parenting, John Rosemond How to Really Love you Child, Ross Campbell Life Strategies, Doing what works, doing what matters, Phillip McGraw 7 Habits of High Effective People, Steve Covey
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References: Dasgupta, S. D. Gender roles and cultural continuity in the Asian Indian immigrant
community in the U.S.. Sex Roles v. 38 no. 11-12 (June 1998) p. 953-74 Farver, J. M., et. al., Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, Parenting Beliefs, and Adolescent
Adjustment. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly v. 53 no. 2 (April 2007) p. 184-215 Lew, J. A Structural Analysis of Success and Failure of Asian Americans: A Case of Korean
Americans in Urban Schools. Teachers College Record v. 109 no. 2 (February 2007) p. 36990 Kao, C. Y., et. al., Gifted Asian American Adolescent Males: Portraits of Cultural Dilemmas. Journal for the Education of the Gifted v. 30 no. 1 (Fall 2006) p. 88-117 Rhee, S., et. al., Acculturation, Communication Patterns, and Self-Esteem Among Asian and Caucasian American Adolescents. Adolescence v. 38 (Winter 2003) p. 749-68 Sue, D and Sue D., Counseling the Culturally Different, Wilely-Interscience Publication, New York, 1990 www.learningplaceonline.com/stages www.athealth.com/Practitioner/ceduc/parentingstyles.
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