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GÅÞP-zÁh-GmP-hÝÅ-zôh-hï-¼P-hzP-G®P-¤-ŸÛG-¼ïhü hï-¾-M-¤ÛÅ-hzP-»ôhzÁh-q-fzÅ-Bô-qô-¼ïh-TïÅ-hï-ºi-GÅÞPÅ-»ôhü hï-ºi-»Ûm-hÝÅ-Åô-ÅôÅ-GP-¾Å¤-ºWôm-»P-P-±ô¼-fzÅ-ÁïÅ-n¤-q-Ço-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ÇKô-GP-Å-mÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-q¼ïhü »Ûm-mºP-GTÛG-mÅ-¾¤-ºIô-»ôP-GÛ-¤ïh-q-hP-GZÛÅ-mÅ-Mz-¯-¤ïh-qü GÅÞ¤-mÅ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-¤ïh-q-ÅôGÅ-GP-TÛºÛ-fôG-mÅ-DG-qô-Ÿï-iG-»ôh-hÝÅ-‚ïhfzÅ-GP-»P-¤ïh-q-¼ïhü P-±ô¼-¼P-fG-¼P-GTôh-ˆÛ-IôÅ-Vôh-zŸG-Mã-hï-¾wm-q-GTÛG-hïü 1960 f¤-q-mÅ-¤-GŸÛ- 59 mÅ-±ßGÅ-q-¼ïhü zôh-mÅ-±ß¼BzÅ-zTô¾-»ôP-¤Dm-zôh-¤Û-±P-¤¼-Å-GmÅ-Åô-Åô¼-¾ÞP-±m-G-mÅ-»Ûm-¤ÛmhP-ƒôÅ-‚ô¾-hÝ-»ôP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-GP-»Ûm-zTÅ-ˆÛ-±ÛG-fô-¾ïm-»ôh-q-¼ïhü ±ÛGfô-¾ïm-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG-TïÅ-P-±ôÅ-zŤ-„Àô-GbôP-GÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïh-¾ü ¤Û-±ôÅ-Ÿï-iGGÛ-G¾-Vïm-qô-z¯Û-GÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü ¤-ºôPÅ-q¼-GmÅ-±ß¾-hï-hG-»ÛG-fôG-¾-wzmÅ-zŸG-m-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¾ÞP-q¼-Aïm-Pm-GP-‚ãP-z-hP.ü Ç+zÅ-hï-hÝÅ-±zÅ-Vï-VßPGP-‚ãP-z-hï-±ô-ÁïÅ-MãºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-»Ûm-GTÛG-¤Ûm-GTÛG-zŸG-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-P±ôÅ-±ÛG-fô-¾ïm-q-¼ïhü GP-ż-±ÛG-fô-¾ïm-hÝ-zTßG-q-¼ïhü xÛ-¾ô 59 ¾ô¼½‰ôG-I-‚ãP-mÅ- 60 f¤-qºÛ-¾ô-¾-¤Û-¤P-qô-ÇÀïzÅ-»ôhü hï-hÝÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-FÛ¤Åhôm-¤DÅ-qºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-¼ïhü International Jurist Commission ¸ï¼-z-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-¼ïhü DôP-±ôÅ-hô-ÇoP-GmP-mÅ-zôh-¾-GmÅ-±ß¾-‚ãP-z-hï-P±ôÅ-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG Eïh-¼P-±ôÅ-P-±ô¼-¤fÞm-Aïm-¢ô¼-Mã¼-zôhmÅ-Gż-º‚ô¼-ƒôÅ-»ôP-¤Dm-hï-±ôºÛ-IÅ-¾-h;º-P¾-GP-‚ãP-»ôh-q-hP.ü GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-ºi-‚ãP-z-hï-P-±ôÅ-ÁïÅ-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG hï¼-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-‚ïh¼ôGÅ-ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-q-¿e¼-zôh-GŸÝP-GÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-ºIÛG-GÛ-¼ïhü Eïh-¼P-±ô¼¼ôGÅ-¼¤-GP-hGôÅ-ˆP-P-±ôÅ-ŸÝÅ-VôG-TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-mÅ-DôP-±ôºÛ-¤Û-GZÛÅzbP-z-¼ïhü Dô-¼P-±ôºÛ-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-hï-»Þ-¼ôz- Geneva mP-»ôh-q¼ïhü ±ôGÅ-q-hï-mÅ-h‚Ûm-WÛ-GTÛG-hP-ü M-G¼-mP-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-¤Û-»Ûm-qºÛFÛ¤Å-¯ôh-q- Trikam Dass ¸ï¼-z-GTÛG-zTÅ-DôP-GZÛÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü DôPGZÛÅ-mÅ-¤Û-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ÛG-fô-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-q-¼ïhü DôP-¼P-±ôÅ-hP-fôG±ÛG-fô-¾-z¿eÅ-mÅ-¾ÞP-q-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-¤Û-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG hqï¼-m-Çeôh-hP-ü hzÞÅ-hP-ü D¤Åü ¤hô-Ǩhü hï-zŸÛm-ºƒôG-q-hP.ü ŸÛP-q-ü ±ôP-qü ÅôGÅ15
¾ÞP-±m-hP-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-h‚ï-º‚ïh-‚Å-mÅü ¤Û-Ço-ºi-¤Ûm-¿S-zM-iâGzM-ŸÛG-¾-¤Û-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-ºzôh-mÅ-Çkï-±m-GTÛG-¾-P-»ôh-q-hP.ü GTÛG-¾-yïP¼ÛP-Ç+Ý-Pô-GŸôm-q-»ôh-q-¼ïhü wm-±ßm-Ç+h-V-GP-‚ãP-z-fô-zMz-mÅ-ŸÛzºWâG-È-¾Å-qºÛ-ŸÛz-±GÅ-qô-‚Å-q-¼ïhü hïºÛ-¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-hïü 60 ¾ô-¤WâG-¾±¼-q-¼ïhü 61 ¹-z-zŸÛ-q-¿S-qºÛ-mP-DôP-±ôÅ-¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-zbôm-q-¼ïhü P-±ôÅ-¤Û-hï-hG-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-q-»Ûmü ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-q-zMãh-M-¤ÛÅ-zôh-mPGô-¤-¥ôP-zºÛ-¤m¼-GTôh-È-¾Å-hï-ºi-‚Å-ºhÝG hï-ºiºÛ-‚-uôh-hï-ºIô-z-¤ÛºÛfôz-fP-¯-¤ïh-z¸ô-MãºÛ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-¼ïh-ºhÝG-TïÅ-ºDôh-»ôh-q-¼ïhü hôm-±mGZÛÅ-q-hï¼-zôh-ˆÛ-M¾-¼zÅ-hP-¾ô-MãÅ-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-Gmh-hôm-¾-P-±ôÅ-ŸÛzºWâG-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-zôh-ºhÛ-¼P-z®m-¼ïh-ºhÝG-zTÅ-ºDôh-»ôhü ¾Å-zÇkô¤Å-V±P-hïz-z¸ôÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü P-±ô-M¾-±ôGÅ-¾-fïPÅ-GÅÞ¤-q-hï-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-Mz¯-hP-¤-ÅôP-hï-hôm-zôh-¤ÛÅ-z¸ôÅ-q-¤-¼ïhü M¾-uÛºÛ-V-ºWôG-‚ïh-źÛ-Fۤůôh-q-¤DÅ-q-¤P-qôºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Dô-¼P-±ôºÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-zbP-mÅ-ŸÛz-ºWâGGmPü hï-»P-¤Û-Pô-¤-fÞG-mÅ-wm-±ßm-Ç+h-V-iÛÅ-bï-ŸÛz-ºWâG-‚Å-q-hï¼-VºWôG-ˆP-‚ïh-hGôÅ-¼ïhü hïÅ-Ÿï-iG-wm-»ôh-q-¼ïhü wm-»ôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛżP-fG-¼P-GTôh-ˆÛ-IôÅ-Vôh-¾Å-ÇÀ-qô¼-ºWôG-fÞz-qºÛ-Mã-¤±m-hï-»Ûm-q-¼ïhzŤ-HÛ-ºhÝG Ç+zÅ-hï-hÝÅ-M-G¼-¾-»P-ŸÝÅ-q-¼ïhü M-G¼-HÛ-hï-hÝÅ-¯-zmÅ-»-¾m-‚Å-¤ïh-q-¼ïhü Ç+zÅ-hï-hÝÅ-P-±ô¼-h;º-P¾-Vï-ÁôÅ-hï-P-±ô-¾ÞP-qGż-q-MãÅ-¤ïh-Í-wÛ-¼Û-;-hP-ü Íï-Á-»ºÛ-mP-GÛ-ºƒï¾-z-‚ïh-fÞz-źÛ-M¾Dz-DG-¾-P-±ôºÛ-h;º-P¾-ºIï¾-zXôh-hP-Mz-Bô¼-GmP-¼ôGÅ-ŸÝ-Ç+zÅ-DôP±ôÅ-Eïh-¼P-±ôÅ-M-G¼-¾-ŸÝÅü M-G¼-Eïh-¼P-±ô-hP-EÛ¤-¤±ïÅ-M¾-Dz-¼ïhü &M¾-z-¼Ûm-qô-Vï-M-G¼-¾-zŸÝGÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü Eïh-¼P-±ôºÛ-VôÅ-hP-¼ÛGGŸÝP-h¼-Å-M-G¼-mÅ-h¼-z-¼ïhü M-G¼-HÛ-Mz-Bô¼-‚Å-m-P-±ôÅ-Mz-Bô¼‚ïh-ˆÛ-»Ûmü M-G¼-HÛÅ-Mz-Bô¼-¤-‚Å-m-P-±ôÅ-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-Mã-DG-qô-»ôh-q¼ïhü GP-»Ûm-¸ï¼-m-P-±ô-M-G¼-hP-ºƒï¾-z-»G-qô-»ôh-q-¼ïhü P-±ô-hP-±ôPGÛ-ºƒï¾-zü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-GÛ-ºƒï¾-zü ±m-¼ÛG-GÛ-ºƒï¾-zü hï-ºiºÛ-ºƒï¾-z-¤P-qô»ôh-q-¼ïhü P-±ô-M-G¼-¾-zÇeàm-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü Eïh-¼P-±ô-»Ûm-GTÛG-¤ÛmGTÛG-M-G¼-¾-ºzÞh-MG-zMz-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü hï-ºi-¸ï¼-¤Dm-¤P-qô-ºhÝG 16
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P-±ô-GTÛG-qÞÅ-hï-¿e¼-¤-»Ûm-q¼-¾ÞP-q-GP-ż-‚ãP-»ôh-q-¼ïhü h‚Ûm-WÛÛü W¼-¤mü »Þ-¼ôz-M¾-Dz-¤P-qôºÛ-mP-‚ãP-»ôh-ˆP-P-±ô-XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-¼ïhü Dô-±ô‚ãP-z-hï-ºhÅ-±¼-z-¼ïhü Gż-z¸ôºÛ-fôG-mÅ-»G-qô-VGÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü P-±ôXïÅ-¾-¿ËG-q-hï-»G-qô-¤Ûm-ºhÝG-¸ï¼-HÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü ‚Å-®P-Eïh-¼P-±ô-zNå¼zTôÅ-zbP-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü ¤P-G®ô-z¸ô-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü hï-ºi-zÁh-ˆÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü ¤P-G®ôºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-Æô¾-fôG-¾-ºIô-Mã-hï-&GôP-Å-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-GÛÅGÝP-Fm-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-GôP-mÅ-hGôPÅ-zŸïÅ-GmP-»ôh-q-¼ïhü GÝP-Fm-ÇÀïzÅ-qºÛXïÅ-¾-»P-¾Å-DÞPÅ-¸Þ¼-º²âGÅ-GmP-»ôh-q-¼ïhü Å-V-hP.F¾-zz-Ç+ô¼ü hzÞ¾-wôPÅ-±ô¼-Å-ŸÛP-GÛÅ-¤-ºhïP-zºÛ-D¼-GŸÝP-¾-F¾-MãG-Mã-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-IŤïh-q-z¸ô-Mã-ÅôGÅ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-MãºÛ-hGôPÅ-q-zŸïÅ-mÅ-ºGô-z®ßGű¼-z¼-zdïm-h;º-P¾-Vï-z-GP-»P-¤Ûm-ºhÝG-TïÅü hïºÛ-Ç+ô¼-‚ïh-xôGÅ-fh±ôGÅ-VßP-ŸÛG-z®ßGÅ-q-¼ïhü ±ôGÅ-VßP-mP-¾-Å-hzP-Çoï ºÞ-Á¼-»ôh-q-¼ïhü b-„À-¤-¿UôG-hP.ü ¤Iôm-GZï¼-Vïm-¤ô-w-¿Ëü Ç+Ý-Pô-hGº-ƒPü Ç+Ý-Pô-¤Dï-Ǩhü Ço¼-BÛhü P-zTÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü P-G®ô-zô-»ÛG-zNå¼-hP.Ç+h-zNå¼-¼ïhü P-±ôů-FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-GmP-xôGÅ-hï-Gô-zÇkݼ-GmP-Ç+zÅ-M-G¼-HÛ-¤P-G®ôºÛ-¯-Fۤž-¯-z-zŸG-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG M-G¼-HÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-hï-»G-qô-z¸ôÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü hï-hP-VzÅ-TÛG-zôh-ˆÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-hï-¯-z-¤P-G®ô-»Ûm-q-¾-¤P-G®ôºÛ-mP-¾»P-P-±ô-VôÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-z-Vïm-qô-»ôh-ÇezÅ-hï¼-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ŸÛG-¤-z¸ôÅm-ºIÛG-GÛ-»ôh-q-¤-¼ïhü G-¼ï-z¸ôÅ-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-»ôh-¼ïh-TïÅ-mü hqï¼-mü ±ôGÅ-ºhݺÛ-mP-¤P-¤ôÅ-ˆÛ-fôG-mÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-zÇkÝÅ-mÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-z;ôhü hïºÛmP-¾-hGôm-q-DG-hP.ü hï-ºiºÛ-fôz-fP-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG hï-ºiºÛ-‚ïh-xôGÅGP-ºi-hGº-z-»ôh-h¤ü M-G¼-mP-¾-¤ïh-q-¼ïhü hï-ºi-ÅôP-®P-P-±ôÅmP-VôÅ-ˆÛ-¤P-G®ôºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-»ôh-¤Dm-ÅÛP-G-¾-ü z¼-¤ü f-¾ïm^ü ¼Û-zÛmü hï-±ô-zŸÛºÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-¾-z¿eÅ-q-¼ïhü DôP-±ôºÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-mP-¾-VôÅ-xôGÅ-ˆÛºƒï¾-z-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-G-¼ï-ºhÝG hï-±ô¼-Gô-zÇkݼ-‚Å-mÅ-¤fº-¤¼-¯-FۤňÛ-h¤PÅ-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-z¸ôÅ-q-¼ïhü XïÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-±ß¾-hPôÅ-»ôh-ˆÛ-fôG-mÅ-¤¼m-q-hP-¤-ºIÛG-q-G-¼ï-‚ãP-z-»Ûm-mºP-XïÅ-ÅÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅ-GbôP-GÛm-GbôPGÛm-‚Åü GŸm-hG-GÛÅ-ˆP-hï-ºi-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü Gż-q-»Ûm-hÝÅ-P18
±ôÅ-ˆP-hï-hG-‚ïh-hGôÅ-¼ïh-TïÅ-mÅ-Vô¾-D-GÅÞ¤-mÅ-¤Û-GÅÞ¤-GÅÞ¤-z;ôhü hïºÛ-ÇKP-¾-VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-DG-¿SºÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¼ï-¼ï-zTÅ-¯-FÛ¤Å-Gbm-ºzïzÅGmP-z-hï-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-¾-hGôPÅ-Ç+ô¼-»P-ŸÝÅ-q-¼ïhü FÛ¤Å-ˆÛ-ºIô-ÇePÅhP-M-G¼-HÛ-z;º-ÇÀôz-GmP-¤Dm-±ôÅ-ˆP-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-¾ºP-hzP±h-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïh-TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝG Ç+zÅ-¼ï-Aïm-Eh-±¼-hï-ºi-‚ãP-mü hï-¾-ºGôG-fzÅ-ˆÛ-fzÅ-ÁïÅ-hGôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ïhü hï-GP-ºi-¼ïh-¸ï¼-hÝÅü Ç+zżï-¤Û-Åï¤Å-¤Û-zhï-z-hP-¾ÞÅ-ºyôh-qô-¤ïh-q-»ôP-GÛ-¼ïhü hï-ºiºÛ-Aïm-Ço-±ôGÅÁÛG-»ôP-hÝÅ-ºGm-ºEï¼-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-¾-±z-ÅÞÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-¼ïhü ÇSôm-¤-»Ûmm-M¾-±z-zÇ+ôÅ-VôG-GÛ-¼ïhü ‚Å-®P-hï-¿e¼-zÇ+ô-Mã-hï-¾-»P-¾ÞGÅ-Æô¾-ŸÛG»ôh-q-¼ïhü hï-¿e¼-hPôÅ-ºƒï¾-»Ûm-¤Ûm-Vïh-hÝ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-hGÝ-»ôh-mü ºfÞÅ-¤ÛiâG-GÛÅ-DÅ-¤-¾ïm-m-¤P-¤ôÅ-ºIô-GÛ-¤ïh-q-¼ïhü ¤P-ZÝP-GTÛG-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Ehq¼-zbP-mÅ-¤P-z-»ôh-¸ï¼-m-hï-ºIÛG-GÛ-¤ïh-q-¼ïhü GÅÞ¤-V-GZÛÅ-Ť-»Pm-¿kz-GTÛG-¤P-z-‚ãP-m-zNå¼-zTôÅ-ºIô-GÛ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü GP-¿e¼-¤P-G®ôºÛ-¯FÛ¤Å-xÛ-M¾-HÛ-¤P-G®ô-ºIô-ÇePÅ-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-»G-fG-Vôh-z¸ôÅ-»ôh-q-¼ïhü hï-¾-h-hÝP-»¼-MÅ-hP-z¸ô-zTôÅ-»P-¤P-qô-zbP-»ôh-q-¼ïhü FÛ¤Å-DP»P-ºw¼-¤-z®ßGÅ-»ôhü ¤P-G®ôºÛ-¯-FÛ¤Å-Ç+ô¼-¾-ÅP-ZÛm-z;º-¸Þ¼-„Àô-h¼¾GÅ-ˆÛÅ-GÅÞP-zÁh-GmP-GÛ-¼ïhü Ç+Ý-Pô-¯-FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-hÝÅ-¤ïh-ˆP-FÛ¤Åhqôm-¸Þ¼-q-¼ïhü
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