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10
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¾ô- 1951 ¾ô¼-hôm-±m-zTß-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+ô¼-IôÅ-zÇkݼ-GmP-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-mÅ-P-wôhPG-hzP-ºWÛGÅ-¤ïh-ˆÛ-¤±m-fôG-mÅ-ljm-ŸÝ-wÞ¾-z¼-ÆÛh-„Àôm-=ºô-Íïm-¾ïÅh-¿e-hÝÅ-±ôh-¤-ǨÛm-»P-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-‚ïh-MãºÛzŤ-±ß¾-hï-ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-q-¼ïh-TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-»ôh-q-¤-¸hü 1951 xÛ-¹- 9 ±ïÅ- 19 ZÛm-zôh-GŸÝP-z;º-ÁG-GÛÅ-=P-TÛ-ÍÞ-¾-hôm-±m-GÅÞ¤-ºDôh-qºÛzŤ-ºV¼-zbôm-qºÛ-mP-hݺP-ºDôh-»ôh-TÛP.ü =P-TÛ-ÍÞÅ-hï-¾-DÅ-¾ïm-»PGmP-»ôhü xÛ-¾ô- 1956 ¾ô¼-zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-I-OÛG-ÍÞ-»ôm-¿Ëm-DP-hzÞz½‰ïÅ-qºÛ-Ç+zÅ-M-mG-M¾-ÆÛh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-ÆÛh-„Àôm-GŸôm-q-Fm-h‚ÛhP-¾Å-‚ïh-Vï-IÅ-DG-¿Ë-ż-zŸÝGÅ-¤ô¾-±ôGÅ-ºhݺÛ-Ç+zÅ-¿Ë-Å-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ‚Å-mÅ-hïºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤±ô-ÇSôm-hP.ü ;m-ÅÞü ÅÛ-Fômü »Þ-mm-ÅôGÅ-zôh-Á¼-xôGňÛ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-Å-DÞ¾-n¤Å-¹-zOÛ¾-zbP-Çeï-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛ-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-ÁÛGº²âGÅ-fÞz-m-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-Å-DÞ¾-»ôPÅ-ˆÛ-»¼-MÅ-hP-zôh-M-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hz¼¤fÞm-zOÛ¾ü M¾-Dz-GTÛG-Hã¼-hP-Æ-zdm-»ôP-Mã¼-wm-fôGÅ-»ôh-qÅ-hïºÛÇ+ô¼-M-mG-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-¾-zŤ-±ß¾-ŸÝÅ-m-ºIÛGÅ-±ß¾-z;º-zÇkݼ-‚ãP-»ôhü hïºÛ-XïÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ºhÛºÛ-fôG-ŸÛz-V-ºV¼-ºGôh-Vïh-bP-¤Û-Lm-IÅ-ÅPÅ-MÅ»ï-ÁïÅ- (fm-Ç~ºô-) M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-±ôÅ-VïhGbôP-GÛÅ-±ôGÅ-VßP-z®ßGÅ-mÅ-ŸÛP-Vïm-¿SºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-GTÛG-zOÛ¾-GbôP-xôGžÅ-ºV¼-z¸ô-Mã-»Ûm-mºP-XïÅ-ÅÞ-G»ôm-f¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-hzP-GÛÅ-¾Å-hôm-‚ÅfÞz-¤ïhü ¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-Å-DÞ¾-hݤ-zÞ¼-zbP-Çeï-º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-q-mÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-fôGz;Å-z;ôh-Mãh-º²Ûm-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ºôG-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-GZº-Gmôm-‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-Åï¼-Çtï¾zºÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûm-q-hP.ü ¤¼-¾ïºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-GZº-GmômºGôG-qºÛ-GŸÛ-¯ºÛ-¿e-Iâz-ºôG-M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGźi-¤Z¤-HÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Gbm-¾-wz-q-zŸÛm-ÇS¼-HÛ-z;Å-z;ôh-Mãh-º²Ûm-HÛ-¾¤¾ÞGÅ-¾Å-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-zL¾-bï-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-ºhÝÅ-Çkôh-Å-DÞ¾-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-GTÛGHã¼-HÛ-¼P-BôP-z®ßG-m-bP-GÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-¤-¸hü ¤Û-¼ÛGÅD-ƒ¾-¤-»Ûm-q¼-GTÛG-Hã¼-‚ïh-q-mÛ-M¾-Dz-GTÛG-Hã¼-Æ-zdm-»ôP-zºÛGŸÛ-¯-»Ûm-q-hP.ü M¾-Dz-GTÛG-Hã¼-‚ïh-Mã-G¾-Vï-»Ûm-q-WÛ-zŸÛm-¤Û-¼ÛGÅGTÛG-Hã¼-‚ïh-Mã-»P-ÁÛm-bà-G¾-Vï-»Ûm-q¼-PôÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü ¾ï-ZÛm14
HÛÅ- "M¾-mP-GÛ-»Þ¾-¤ÛºÛ-º±ô-zºÛ-Gô¤Å-GÁÛÅ-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-º‚ãP-DÞPŤÛ-ºi-zºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-»Ûm-xÛm-±P-¤Å-M-Ez-ˆÛ-¼P-zhG-hP-¼P-BôP-¾ôPÅ-uôh‚ïh-VôG-" TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-»ôhü hï-zŸÛm- "IPÅ-ZÝP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-¼P-BôP-GÛ¾G-¾ïm-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-µôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-¤-‚ãP-GÛ-z¼-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-wm-±ßm-hz¼¤fÞm-zOÛ¾-»P-hG-q-ŸÛG-»ôP-fzÅ-¤ïh-" TïÅ-Èà-»ºô-qP-GÛÅ-GÅÞPÅ-»ôhü (1980 xÛ-¹- 5 ±ïÅ- 29 ZÛm-zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPÅ-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-mP-ŸÛz-ºWâG¾-wïzÅ-Ç+zÅ-) hïÅ-m-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-hݤ-zÞ¼-zGôÅ-mÅ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-Vïm-qô-»ôhźÛ-ŸÛP-Vïm-GŸm-HÛ-mP-¹-zOÛ¾-zbP-z-mÛ-¤¼-Dï-ÅÛ-¾ï-ZÛm-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¤Û¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-Gmh-hôm-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qºÛ-GŸÝP-¾ÞGÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-hP.ü IPÅ-ZÝP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-Dï-hzP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-fÞm-¤Ûm-Eh-VôÅ-n¤Å-ÆâP-Bôz-fÞz-ÇÀh¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-Å-GmÅ-¼P-BôP-GÛ-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-hGôÅ-h¤ÛGÅ-hïzô¼-z-¤-¸hü"hݤ-zÞ¼-zGôÅ-mÅ-hzP-Nå¼-‚Å-" ¸ï¼-zºÛ-z®m-M¾-¼ÛP¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¾¤-Æô¾-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q¼-Hã¼-»ôhü Mã-¤±m-mÛ-zôh-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ŸïÅ-q-hïM-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-IPÅ-ZÝP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ- 55 mP-mÅGTÛG-»Ûm-ŸÛP.ü hï-¿eºÛ-GTÛG-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hï-TÛºÛ-xÛ¼-D-Gbô¼-hGÝ-Gbô¼‚Å-hGôÅ-Ťü G¾-ÆÛh-D-Gbô¼-m-¤Û-Åï¼-Çtï¾-»Þ¾-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ- "hݤ-zÞ¼zGôÅ-mÅ-hzP-Nå¼-‚Å-" ¸ï¼-zºÛ-‚ïh-ÇePÅ-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ-¤-¼ïh-h¤ü ¤Û-ºGº-ÁÅ-ˆÛÅ-zôh-¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-Å-GmżP-BôP-hGôÅ-¸ï¼-z-¾ô-MãÅ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-¼ïh-¸ï¼-HÛ-»ôhü »Ûm-mºP-P-±ôºÛhGôÅ-ºhÝm-hï-¤¼-¾ïºÛ-¼ÛP-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¿e-Iâz-hP.ü M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞmM¾-Dz-ˆÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GŸÛ-¾-GŸÛ-¯-zŸG-mÅ-hGôÅ-ºhÝm-zbômq-¤-GbôGÅü ¾ô-MãÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zŸG-mÅ-zÁh-ˆÛ-¤ïhü ¾ô-MãÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-z-¤ïhü G¾-ÆÛh-¾ô-MãÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zŸG-mÅ-¯ôh-JÀïP-‚ïh-hGôÅ-‚ãP-m-zôh-ˆÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-¾ô2000 zL¾-zºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ÁÛG-¼ïhü ¼P-z®m-G®P-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ˆPzÅÞz-fÞz-fzÅ-»ôh-¤-¼ïhü P-±ô-¾ô-MãÅ-¸Þ¼-hÝ-zŸG-mÅ-M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅuÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-EÛ¤-±P-Vïm-qôºÛ-mP-±ßh-qºÛ-XïÅ-ºƒï¾-HÛ-Dï-wm-¾-zôh¼ÛGÅ-»ôPÅ-µôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-hGôÅ-ŸïÅ-¾z-ˆÛ-»ôhü xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-;ºÛ-PôÅ-mžô-MãÅ-¾Å-¤-ºôPÅ-q-G¾-Vï-z¼-z¯ÛÅ-bï-hPôÅ-fôG-zhïm-º±ô¾-‚ïh-m-Dï-wm15
Vï-z¼-PôÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ôhü bïP-Ÿºô-wÛP-GÛ-IôÅ-ºV¼-GŸÛ-z¸ÞP-hzÞ-¤ºÛ-¾¤-HÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-¾G-¾ïmzÇe¼-mÅ-h-¿eºÛ-z¼-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-hP-M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅ-uÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-z¼ºƒï¾-¾¤-z¸P-Ÿm-Ço-±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-‚ãP-»ôh-q-hï-±ô-w¾-Vï¼-hÝÅ-¼zÅ-GÅÞ¤-¾h‚ï-m-ºIÛGÅ-q-ŸÛG-¼ïhü hï-±ôºÛ-‚ãP-¼zÅ-±P-¤Å-¤Eïm-Gž-»Ûm-ÇezÅü PÅ-hÝÅ-±ôh-Vßh-¸ôÅ-GbôP-ºhôh-¤ïhü h-¿eºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-xÛ-¾ô- 1994 mÅ- 2002 z¼-¾ô-Pô-zMh-®¤-fh-;ºÛ-ºƒï¾-z-Vh-q-h-V-zB¼-GÅô-‚ãPz-mÅ-z¸ÞP-hÝÅ-¼zÅ-GÅÞ¤-qºÛ-ºƒï¾-¾¤-Ç+ô¼-¤hô¼-zÇkÝÅ-ÁÛG-ŸÝ-Mã-»Ûmü xÛ-¾ô- 2002 ¾ôºÛ-mP-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-GÛ-Ç+Ý-±z-±ôGÅ-VßP-zôh-¼P-BôP-¿YôPŸï¼-zºÛ-Å-DÞ¾-DG-hP-qï-TÛP-zTÅ-ÅÞ-º±¤Å-G¸ÛGÅ-hP.ü ºƒï¾-»ôh-ºfzxôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-n¤-q-hP-z;º-¤ô¾-ºGô-º²âGÅ-fÞz-q-‚ãP-ŸÛP.ü xÛ-¾ô- 2003 ¾ô¼-zhï-Vïm-¼P-BôP-DÞ¾ü xÛ-¾ô- 2004 ¾ô¼-h;¼-¤²ïÅ-¼PBôP-DÞ¾-zTÅ-ÅÞ-º±¤Å-G¸ÛGÅ-hP.ü ºfz-xôGÅ-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛ-hzÞ-FÛh-n¤q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-z;º-zÇkݼ-ŸÝÅ-qºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-z¸P-qô-‚ãP-z-¤-¸hü xÛ-¾ô- 2004 ¾ô¼-wm-±ßm-z;º-¤ô¾-ŸÛz-±GÅ-Mãm-¼ÛP-GmP-Mã-‚ãP-Çeïü M-mG-¤Û-h¤PÅuÛ-¤fÞm-M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-&GôP-Å-¤VôG-hP-z®m-‚ô¾-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-OÛG-º²âGž-»Ûh-VïÅ-„ÀôÅ-ºGï¾-¤-fÞz-qºÛ-hÐôGÅ-q-hP-n¤-dôG-GP-hP-GP-»ôh-q-ŸÛz-y-z;º-GmP-ºhÝG hï-¾-xÛ-¾ô- 2005 mP-ºƒï¾-¤ô¾-fïPÅ-zŸÛ-q-ÅÞh-ÅÛM¾-Å-Ç~m-hÝ-GmP-zºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hôm-±m-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-Mã-¤±m-zhïm-hqP-hP-zTÅqºÛ-fôG-mÅ-Gž-zÁh-ŸÛz-y-»ÛG-PG-GZÛÅ-fôG-mÅ-ŸÝ-MãºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-‚ãP.ü h-V-ºƒï¾-¤ô¾-fïPÅ-¿S-q-GP-¤HôGÅ-»ôP-zºÛ-¼ï-ÇKÝG-‚ïh-zŸÛm-»ôhü hzÞ-¤ºÛ-¾¤-HÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-zôh-M-ŸÛ-¤ô¾-HÛ-¾¤-mÅ-zôh-ˆÛ-¯-hômºIÛGÅ-VGÅ-»ôP-fzÅ-‚Å-bï-¾ô- 26 ®¤-ÅôP-»P-hôm-ljÛP-¿km-qºÛ-IâzºƒÅ-GP-»P-¤-‚ãP-z¼-zdïm-z®m-‚ô¾-zôh-¤ÛºÛ-Fôh-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-ºhÛ-¾-»Ûh-VïÅVßP-hÝ-ºIô-¤Dm-HÛ-¤ÛºP-¼ï-¸ÞP-»ôP-zŸÛm-q-¼ïhü ºôm-ˆP-M¾-uÛ-hP-M¾-mPGÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-GP-¾-GŸÛGÅ-ˆP-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-ºhÛ-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-GŸm-ŸÛG»ôh-q-¤fôP-GÛ-¤ïhü ¿ËG-q¼-uÛ-mô¼-&GôP-Å-&BzÅ-¤Gôm-Vïm-qô-¤VôG-GÛÅxÛ-¾ô- 1996ü97 mP-zôh-hôm-zhïm-¤fº-Gž-fzÅ-ˆÛ-fzÅ-¾¤-GP-hGº16
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