RAÍCES DE AGUA - ENGLISH

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Juan Pablo Ramírez Herrejón, Ivan Aguilar, Diana García Cejudo, Rodrigo Pantoja Calderón, Santiago Martínez Hernández, Galileo Zuart, Alan Moisés Borda, Eduardo Lindacher Rivadeneyra y Juan Pablo González: Thankyou for being a fundamental part in the process of our project.

INTRODUCTION - PART 1

1984 2000 2020

Graphic: Urban sprawl. Own elaboration.

URBANIZATION AND CONTEXT

Santiago Querétaro de Arteaga is located in the southwest area of Querétaro. It is one of the 32 states of Mexico and is located in the center of the country. It is a state that has landscapes that dance with the rhythm of its topography. From the accentuated topography of the Sierra Gorda on the North, to the plains of Queretaro’s city; they are unique landscapes.

During the last 4 decades, Querétaro has been through an accelerated urbanization. In 1984 Querétaro de Arteaga had a

population of 739,605 inhabitants. In the left graphs the the urban sprawl can be observed.

In the year 2000, Queretaro had a population of 1,404,300 inhabitants, doubling its size and extending to the North, East and Southwest areas compared to prior years.

From the year 2000 to 2020, this growth continues. In the year 2020, the population exceeded 2,368,400 inhabitants.

Map: The water´s way. Own elaboration

THE WATER’S WAY

How does the water pass through Querétaro?

We have two main rivers in the City of Querétaro. One is Querétaro River, which enters the city Northeast through Las Palmas Lake, and leaves Southeast of the city.

Next, we have The Pueblito River, the result of several streams such as:

Huimilpan River, Bravo, Hondo, El Zapote and El Plata. The Pueblito Rivercrosses part of the urban sprawl diagonally, going from southeast to northwest.

Both rivers converge near the state’s limit with Guanajuato into the Lerma River.

How has the river been affected with the urban sprawl?

RÍO EL PUEBLITO - MORPHOLOGY

Río el Pueblito forms part of the lower zone of the El Pueblito sub-basin, and is within the El Pueblito-Joaquín Herrera micro-basin. (See page)

The river is located in the southwestern part of the urban area of Querétaro, and its relief consists of low hills and alluvial plains. The terrain consists of medium-moderate slopes of 9.37°. The drainage density is low (ratio between the total length of the basin’s channel and its length).

The drainage network of the micro-basin has 69.48 km., 8.74 km (belonging to the main canal) are perennial (it contains water all the time), while the rest of the network are intermittent canals (it carries water most of the time but mainly in the rainy season).

On the other hand, the origin of the microbasin is volcanic, so the presence of extrusive igneous rocks is present in 73% of the river, located in the lower hills. 27% is made up of

materials of colluvial alluvial origin, and it is distributed in the alluvial plain (low areas).

Likewise, the soils are the product of their lithology; there are pelic vertisols (dark and deep soils with large amount of expandable clays which form deep cracks in dry seasons) and haplic pheozems (shallow soils made up of poorly consolidated materials and present a dark color and with a high amount of organic matter).

In the higher zones there is andesite (56% extension) and basalt in the middle zone (77% extension); both belonging to extrusive igneous rocks. Finally, in the low areas there are alluvial materials (recent soils rich in clay (65% extension); belonging to the haplic pheozems.

high zone medium zone low zone Scheme: Thesis from Gabriel Mariscal de Souza.

HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS

The hydrological cycle is a process in which water changes its physical state and location. All media are part of this water cycle: from the ocean and seas to the mainland and the atmosphere. When there is a change in the state of water, we mean that it can go from a solid to a liquid and gaseous state.

It is one of the cycles that keep the earth running, specifically through the transportation, distribution, storage, and purification of water. These are known as ecosystem services and they mean that the amount of water on planet Earth does not vary, but simply allows its circulation.

Graphic: Endemic flora and fauna. Own elaboration.

Graphic: Endemic flora and fauna. Own elaboration.

Graphic: Illustrative section with the flora and fauna of Río el Pueblito: Own elaboration.

Graphic: Illustrative section with the flora and fauna of Río el Pueblito: Own elaboration.

PROBLEMATICS- PART II

Map: Urban/rural contrast. Own elaboration.

“The different physical modifications made to the system, the increase in the discharge of wastewater and the introduction of organic matter and chemical substances, have gradually been decreasing the environmental quality of the fluvial system.” (Pérez-Munguía and Pineda-López, 2005) I. III. II.

Photos:1. Illegal water take. 2.Water drainage dumped into river. 3. Irrigation ditch . Own elaboration.

mixed commerce and housing industry habitational rural schools

RIVER’S ACTUAL SITUATION

In order to understand the river’s situation, it is important to first understand what happens beyond the river’s bed. Entering the urban fabric, parallel to the river in the urban zone there is an important industrial area. The Balvanera industrial park (in purple), dumps its chemical waste into the river, without any monitoring.

Similarly, there is an important section of the river where the presence of mixed housing units is observed.

How does this affect the river?

Since law implementation is weak, Pueblito’s drainage is discharged directly into the river, bypassing treatment plants that ironically sit idle. Next, Northwest of the river, in the rural area of rainfed and irrigated agriculture, waste from the municipal slaughterhouse is dumped, and this same contaminated water is taken by farmers (illegally) to irrigate crops.

It becomes a cyclic problem.

MAP: Urban scale problematic. Own elaboration.

PROBLEMATICS- URBAN SCALE

It can be observed at the city scale level, where the problems occur in the river. In the less developed areas, there are irregular settlements, which are illegal in all of Mexico, since there should no construction 30 meters to the sides of the riverbed. In these areas there are drainage and municipal slaughterhouse dumps; some without any type of sani tation. Another problem occurs in the center of Pueblito, where the slopes of the river were rectified with masonry walls.

SST

Corresponds to total suspended solids. They are surface waters with strong impact of water discharges raw residuals with high load pollutant.

TOXICIDAD

Toxicity in source waters of landfills and industries.

DQO

Chemical oxygen demand. It is a method used to measure the amount of industry’s waste in the water.

DBO

It is the biochemical demand for oxygen. The higher the BOD, less oxygen is available for aquatic life forms.

E-COLI

Surface waters with strong bacteriological contamination. It is an indicator of contamination that indicates human, animal or water fecal untreated waste.

COLI-FEC

Surface waters with strong bacteriological contamination.

Elemento: 1. Paletas de contaminación en el Río Pueblito. Elaboración propia. 2. Semáforo de los ríos: elaboración propia.

RIVER CONTAMINANTS

Taking into account the urban/rural context, and the current uses of the land, it is possible to understand how is it that Río el Pueblito is contaminated.

CONAGUA is the public organism that carries out annual monitoring of the 42 bodies of water in the state of Querétaro. 32 of the 42 are currently at red light, as can be observed in the graph. Río el Pueblito is one of the 42.

To carry out the classification, 7 indices are taken into account: TSS (total suspended

solids), toxicity, COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD, (biochemical oxygen demand), E-COLI and COLI-FEC (fecal coliforms). ).

Río el Pueblito has indices that exceed the permissible values, placing it at the red light.

Without underestimating the sanitation attempts, the river, given its context, reverses the same sanitation and therefore its traffic light becomes understandable.

Graphic: Before and after of the aquiferous valleys. Own elaboration.

AQUIFEROUS VALLEYS

An aquiferous valley is a natural formation of rock or sediment that stores and conducts groundwater, which is accessed through wells and springs. The National Water Law contemplates that CONAGUA must publish in the Official Gazette of the Federation the availability of national waters by aquifer. To do this, the Official Mexican Standard makes calculations to establish the recharge, volume, demand of the ecosystems and the volume of extraction thereof.

The aquifer Valle de Querétaro has an extension of 484 km2 and partially

covers the municipalities of Querétaro, Corregidora and El Marqués. However, the use of the aquifer has been closed since 1957.

On the other hand, the Valle de Huimilpan aquifer has an extension of 211 km2, and covers part of the municipality of Corregidora, Huimilpan and Pedro Escobedo. This aquifer also has closed seasons for its use since 1957.

The sources of both aquiferous valleys are Río el Pueblito and Río Querétaro.

Graphic: El Batán dam zonification. Own elaboration.

PRESA EL BATÁN

Adjoines with the urban sprawl problematic and the waste from industries, drainage, the trail, and agriculture, what happened to that river where people could go and swim in it?

Why is it now considered a sewage canal and not a river?

Graphic: Anual temperatures and precipitation. Own elaboration in base with Weatherspark

1. Map: El Batán . Own elaboration. : 2. Graphic: "Régimen de flujo." Source: Thesis from Gabriel Mariscal de Souza.

1990

Some important precedents for the current situation of the Pueblito River is the construction of the El Batán Dam in 1990.

CONAGUA and the government of the state of Querétaro made the construction of the Batán dam possible; initially with the idea of supplying 187 hectares and providing drinking water to 25,000 inhabitants of the municipality of Corregidora.

The dam has a capacity of 6,500,000 m3, and stores the waters of the Huimilpan, El Pueblito, Bravo, Hondo rivers, the Taponas stream and waters from the San

Francisco springs. According to senior citizens who knew the river before the dam was built, they affirm that “the river always carried water.”

What are the repercussions of the construction of the dam?

The hydrological regime is altered by the presence of the dam, which has caused the natural loss of the flow of the flows. This means that there is less water available and a higher risk of flooding, since water is only released in large rain events.

“NO MAN’S LAND”

What happens to the river when there is no water? In the photo, it can be seen what happens under the Constituyentes bridge. In the absence of water this scenario is repeated at different points

along the El Pueblito river. Who owns all this land without water? People begin to negatively appropriate the river, a clear example is this photo. This space becomes “no man’s land”.

Image: Own elaboration.

Scheme: Own elaboration.

INVASIVE SPECIES

Native species have been severely affected by invasive species. These were brought in by outsiders, and released into the river. The Casquito turtle, the Crayfish

and the canyon Crab are threatened by the Carpa, Mojarra, white Capri, Cara Cara, Sunfish and Largemouth Bass.

Map: Actual sanitation strategies. Own elaboration. Irrigation ditch water dwell

ONGOING STRATEGIES SINCE 2011

As aforementioned, strategies have been implemented along the river since 2011. These are found on the map to the left. One of the most important strategies is the use of Bio-Enzym. It is a biological catalyst that breaks down organic matter. It is discharged

into the river once a week at two important points along the river: after the private area, and in river’s section where wastewater and the municipal slaughterhouse discharges its waste. The efforts to decontaminate the river are useless if they act in isolation.

Map: New proposal of sanitation strategies implementation. Own elaboration. Irrigation ditch water dwell

NEW PROPOSAL

The new proposals arise based on the previous ones and after having observed the degradation and alteration of the river. The intention is to close the ditches, which initially provided drinking water to the inhabitants of Pueblito, but today they only divert the water from the river and direct it to the municipal

drainage. The next strategy is to regenerate the entire riverbed through a careful selection of endemic vegetation. On this same scale, it is intended to make the river a national park, in order to ensure its total regeneration and that it is monitored by the national guard.

INMERSIVE PHASES- PART IV

Map: Intervention phases. Own elaboration. activation preservation

PHASES IN TIME

After studying the interrelation of the urban components and problematics, six areas where marked to in order to unwrap further the urban and social context. The project now enters a more immersive observation stage, delving into the social, economic, and urban fabric. In the the map to the left marks such place and the hierarchy of intervention in time.

The plan is to intervente in the form of acupuncture, so that once they are all completed, the next step is to intertwine them to unify the total course of the river.

Map: Intervention phase I. Own elaboration.

PHASE I

The first radius that will be intervened covers two neighborhoods: on the West the neighborhood La Negreta and to the East neighborhood Santa Barbara. We chose this section as the first node for several reasons: it connects two communities, it is a section that marks the limit of the urban sprawl with the presence of the ecological park El Batán, it is also the place where the patronage of the river have been working on since 2011, thus it is actually an insecure area, which gives us a big opportunity with which to work.

Photograph: Lilies in river ditch. Own elaboration.

Gráfico: Estrategias generales. Elaboración propia.

AGENDA- STRATEGIES

In order to regenerate the river, it is necessary to establish an agenda, with a real scope. To solve the strong contamination present along the river, it is intended to start the project with the first phase: regeneration.

How is this accomplished?

The re-vegetation and the installation of biofilters in specific sections is the first step to clean up the water. It is intended to improve the ecosystem in a comprehensive manner, through various strategies approved by specialists in the field.

Once this phase is completed, it is then possible to make an intervention, as a catalyst, a linear park will be designed. Where? In the section of the river with the greatest dynamics. The park acts as a bond between the neighborhoods, and a place where water is celebrated.

If the park becomes a point of attraction, it will trigger a series of positive effects in its context. Not only will the population be made aware of the importance of caring for our rivers, links will also be created towards the El Batán reserve.

Fotografía: elaboración propia.

Mapa: Reconocimiento de sitio. Elaboración propia.

COMMERCE COMMUNICATIONS

In Santa Bárbara commerce agglomerates in the main street of the entity which is named “Av. Benito Juárez”, most of the existing businesses are established in what used to be houses and now they are greengrocers, butchers, shops, and grocery stores.

The main roads in the two neighborhoods connect with the streets that face the river, in La Negreta the main avenue is “Prolongación Jazmín” that connects with “Jamaica” that directly overlooks the river. The same happens in Santa Bárbara, the main street is “Av. Benito Juárez” and it is linked to “C. Heroic Military College” which overlooks the river… These two are linked by a pedestrian bridge.

Mapa y fotografía: Elaboración propia.

Mapa y fotografía: Elaboración propia.

PERMEABLE AREAS THE RIVER

The permeable areas that exist in this territory are the vegetation and lands that are on the banks of the river that begin to connect with what is “The Ecological Reserve of El Batán”. Within the communities these areas are nonexistent.

In this section there are parts of the river that carry water, as well as parts that are dry. There is a drainage that is poured directly into the river, as well as two ditches that totally divert the water from the river and it is further carried to the drainage system.

construido vacíos río el Pueblito

Mapa y fotografía: Elaboración propia.

Mapa y fotografía: Elaboración propia.

Gráfico: Corte transversal ilustrativo de las colonias La Negreta y Santa Bárbara II Sección. Elaboración propia.

I.I. SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Imagen satelital: Zonificación puente peatonal entre Sta Bárbara y La Negreta. Elaboración propia.

Imagen: Identificación puente peatonal entre Sta Bárbara y La Negreta. Elaboración propia.

Imagen: Identificación puente peatonal entre Sta Bárbara y La Negreta. Elaboración propia.

Scheme: User flow over pedestrian bridge. Own elaboration.

Scheme: User activity and placement. Own elaboration.

Photograph: Pedestrian bridge. Own elaboration.

I.II PROBLEMATIC IDENTIFICATION

Map: Own elaboration.

Map: Own elaboration.

Map: Connections in site. Own elaboration.

Mapa: Delimitación de la intervención. Elaboración propia.

Map: Actual intentions in site. Own elaboration.

Map: Actual problematics in site. Own elaboration.

Map: Barriers in site. Own elaboration.

Collage: Problematics. Own elaboration.

Plan: Environmental answer to the actual problematics.

Plan: Social answer to the actual problematics.

Photograph: Irrigation ditch in site. Own elaboration

I.III PROCESSES

Image: Example of isolated parks in site. Own elaboration

Diagram: Own elaboration.

Diagram: Solution to problematics through CPTED. Own elaboration.

Diagram: Own elaboration.

Eduardo Lindacher Rivadeneyra

•Bachelor’s degree in communications.

•Social Activist.

Juan Pablo Ramírez Herrejón

•Dr. in Science in the use, Handling and Preservation of the Natural Resources in the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noreste.

•Master in Science in Conservation and Handling of the Natural Resources.

•Bachelor’s degree in Biology

Ivan Aguilar

•Engineer in Environmental Technology with TSU in Environmental Chemistry.

•Specialization in analytical instrumenta lization to determine microbiology and physical chemistry of water and in the handling of industrial waste.

Diagram: Own elaboration.

SPACE EVALUATION THROUGH THE 3D’S (CPTED)

A TRAVÉS DE LAS 3D´S (CPTED)

DESIGNATION:

1. What is the designated purpose of this space?

• Provide local recreational activities through street furniture.

2. For what purpose was it originally intended?

• Give locals a recreational, relaxation and leisure space.

3. How well does the space support its current use or its intended use?

• You observe people continuing to use the furniture for its intended use.

4. Is there any conflict?

• Yes, the space has been vandalized through graffiti and looks deteriorated.

DEFINITION:

1. How is space defined?

• The space is undefined, except for intermittent and isolated spaces where street furniture is located, as well as the flow of pedestrians is defined by sidewalks along the river.

2. Is it clear who is the owner?

• No.

3. Where are your borders?

• There is no clear border.

4. Are there social or cultural definitions that affect the way space is used?

• No.

5. Are legal or administrative rules clearly stated and reinforced in the policy?

• No 6. Are there signs?

• Just one.

7. Is there a conflict or confusion between the purpose and the definition?

• Yes.

DESIGN:

1. How well does the physical design support the intended function?

• There is a lot of room for improvement, since the urban furniture interventions on one side of Colegio Héroico Militar street were developed in an isolated way and not in an integral way.

2. How well does the physical design support desired or accepted behaviors?

• The design supports in a negative way, since the locals have vandalized most of the street furniture.

3. Does the physical design conflict with or impede the productive use of the space or the proper functioning of the intended human activity?

• Yes.

4. Is there confusion or conflict in the way the physical design is intended to control behavior?

• Yes.

Photograph: Casquito turtle in Río el Pueblito.

Photograph: Wall from the adjacent ranch in La Negreta. Own elaboration.

Photograph: Vegetation in site. Own elaboration.

Image: Own elaboration.

Image: Own elaboration.

Image: Own elaboration.

PERFORATED LAMINATE

LAJA ROCK

STEEL WOOD FROM PIRUL STEEL GRATING

I.IV LANDSCAPE

FRESNO

Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingesh Height: 15-20 meters.

PH: acid

Uses: medicinal, craft, ornamental.

TULE

Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl. Height: 8-80 cms.

Uses: medicinal, forage.

JUNCO ESPIGA

Eleocharis montevidensis Krunth. Height: 20-40 cm. PH: acid-neutral

SAUCE CRIOLLO

S. humboldtiana Willd Height: 5-12 meters. pH: alkaline

Uses: Shade and ornamental plant, wood used for firewood and carbon, medicinal.

AHUEJOTE

Salix bonplandiana Kunth Height: 6-10 meters.

pH: acid

Uses: Woodworking, very durable

BERRO FALSO

R. nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek Height: 10-60 cm.

Uses: Food, medicinal, wastewa ter treatment.

ESPALDAÑA

Typha latifolia L. Height: 1.6-2.2 mts

Uses: Capture, stabilization and formation of nutrients for aquatic systems.

Technical sheets from the revegetation palette. Own elaboration.

SENSORIAL VEGETATION

PASIONARIA

Passiflora Sexocellata Schltdl

Passifora Sexocellata Schltdl Height: .5-3 meters

Uses: Medicinal, relaxing,sleepy.

MUICLE

Justicia Spicigera Altura: 1.2-2.0 mts.

Usos: Medicinal, sensorial, ornamental LANTANA

Lantana Hirta Height: .3-2.0 meters.

Uses: Aromatic, food for insects

JUNCO ESPIGA

Asclepias curassavica

Height: 70 cm.

Uses: Sensorial

MIRTO

Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand Height: 1-2.0 meters.

Uses: medicinal, sensory

SALVIA

Salvia mexicana L Height: .4-1.0 meters.

Uses: aromatic, ornamental, Medicinal

DALIA

Dalia Coccineae Height: .3-1.0 meters.

Uses: Woodworking, very durable

PAPALO

Porophyllum macrocephalum DC. Height: .2-1.5 mts.

Uses: Condiment, medicinal.

Technical sheets from the sensorial palette. Own elaboration.

GRASSES

MUHLENBERGIA

Muhlenbergia Lindheimeri Height: .5-1.5 meters

Uses: Helps with retention, soil formation and fertility, allows infiltration. Also serves for birds nests.

ZACATE RHODES

Chloris Gayana (Kunth) Height: 1.0 meters.

Uses: Fodder value

GRAMA

Muhlenbergia rigida (Kunth) Height: .5-1.0 meters.

Uses: Helps with retention and soil formation, maintains soil fertility, allows infiltration. The stems are used tomake brooms

Technical sheets from the grass palette. Own elaboration.

I.V AMPHIBIAN PARK

I.VI ESTRUCTURA

I.VII EL PARQUE

AXO VIEW OF PAVILLION WITH RACKED DECK.

Map: Intervention phase II. Own elaboration.

PHASE II

Phase II comprises the second stage of regeneration from the river el Pueblito. The area covers the section of the river that has its slopes rectified with masonry walls; it goes from the intersection with Avenida Constituyentes to the Lienzo Charro by the Pirámides subdivision.

COMERCIO COMUNICACIONES

In the downtown area of Pueblito, retail trade predominates, characterized by local family businesses, and is based in retail sale.

The street where commerce predominates is Héroico Colegio Militar which is the street where the Santa Maria Sanctuary nad Parish of San Francisco Galileo is. This street is parallel to the river. Next, Josefa Ortíz street in Domínguez also has a high economic activity, given its location that crosses perpendicularly to Avenida Constituyentes.

Maps & images: own elaboration.

Within the downtown area of Pueblito there are 2 main streets near the river el Pueblito. The street West to the river’s side is Sendero de la Rivera del Río, and East to the river is Avenida Fray Eulalio Hernández Rivera.

ZONAS PERMEABLES EL RÍO

In this section of the river, the slopes were rectified with masonry walls, from the intersection of Av. Constituyentes to the Lienzo Charro.

Vegetation is found on most of the sidewalks in the center, and in the same way there is a greater concentration of vegetation in public squares, lots and interior gardens. Mapa & images: Own elaboration.

Photograph: own elaboration.

Photograph: Modification of the natural slope with masonry walls. Own elaboration.

IV.II SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Map: Zonification of the crossing between Av. Fray Eulalio Hdz. Rivera and Colegio Heróico Militar. Own elaboration.

Scheme: User flow through the crossing. Own elaboration.

SOCIAL ANALYSIS

The analysis was carried out on Saturday, September 3 from 2:15 p.m. to 2:45 p.m on the intersection between the streets: Fray Eulalio Hernández Rivera and Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez. The idea of the task was to observe the relationship of the users with the river el Pueblito, as well as their paths, movements, activities, gender, relationship and age. After having observed for 30 minutes, the main activity happening was transitory, and the majority of the users where male. The results were concluded to happen due to the lack of urban furniture and shade; there were very few users who were doing a permanent activity adjacent to the river. There were a total of 109 people transiting the area in just 30 minutes. What new dynamics can be set from existing ones?

Scheme: User flow through the crossing. Own elaboration.

Photograph and section: Own elaboration.

Map: Intervention phase III. Own elaboration.

PHASE III

Phase III includes the section of the El Pueblito river which is bounded in the north by Av. Constituents and in the south by the Libramiento Sur Poniente. This phase is an important link between the phase I and II, since it will act as a connecting medium between the two.

COMMERCE COMMUNICATIONS

In this area you can see less density of shops. Without However, trade in services is the one that most predominates in the area, as well as wholesale and retail trade.

The main communications are Avenida Constituentes, and to the South the Libramiento Sur Poniente, which cross perpendicularly. As secondary streets there is calle Héroico Militar, which runs adjacent to the river and crosses under the main arteries.

Maps & images: own elaboration.

PERMEABLE ZONES

As permeable areas there are parcels located in the West, the eminent vegetation of the river and in less abundance there are private gardens.

In this section the intervention of the slopes of masonry ends, and the natural slopes of the river with its emerging vegetation can be seen again.

Photograph: View from pedestrian crossing adjacent to Av. Constituyentes. Own elaboration.

PHASE IV

Close to the Batán Dam, this point was chosen for the different strategies that can be implemented. There are several ranches, farms and event halls. This is an area with more green areas than buildings, since in this part is where one of the limits of “The Ecological Reserve of El Batán” is located.

Map: Intervention phase IV. Own elaboration.

In this area, the main communication route is highway 413 that comes from the South West Bypass, it is the one that gives us access to the surrounding ranches and haciendas.

An informal park was built on the banks of the riverbed, where, in the absence of regulations, users use it in a nega tive way. Although the intention is good, the design does not support your initiative.

PHASE V

Our zone number five is located in the Batán curtain, inside “The Batán Ecological Reserve”. It also has a delimitation with the suburbs Cañadas del Lago, Las Condes and the community San Francisco de la Corregidora. We chose this phase due to its proximity to the dam and the ecological reserve, in the same way because it is the final meeting point for cyclists when going down route “La Quebradora”.

Map: Intervention phase V. Own elaboration.

THE RIVER COMMUNICATIONS

The main highways found in this phase are 413 and 411, both opening the way to La Presa del Batán through paths.

In this section, the riverbed is strongly affected by the presence of the El Batán dam. Because there is a water blockage, the channel is almost zero in this area.

Maps & images: Own elaboration.

PHASE VI

Phase VI includes the section of the river that is located in the rural parcels in the northwest area of the urban sprawl. This is the section where the waste from the municipal slaughterhouse is verted. Thus, this is the last phase, which enables the complete regeneration of the river.

Map: Intervention phase VI. Own elaboration.

In this communal area, the roads are dirt roads, due to the fact that it is in a rural area and less developed than the urban one. Even in this section of the river there is a section where you can cross the river by car.

There is an area where there is literally no water. Water begins again where the drainage from the industrial zone Balvanera and El Pueblito is poured directly into the river and the waste from the municipal slau ghterhouse is dumped.

Image: Scene of the river prior to the water drainage and municipal slaughterhouse dump. Own elaboration.

REFERENCIAS:

1. Mariscal de Souza, G., 2019. Estrategias de restauración fluvial de la micro-cuenca El Pueblito-Joaquín Herrera, Querétaro, México.. Querétaro: Centro Universitario.

2. Mora Hernández, L. and Díaz de Salas, M., n.d. FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN ACTUÁTICAS DE DOS RÍOS DEL MUNICIPIO DE QUERÉTARO Y ZONA CONURBANA. [ebook] Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Available at: <https://www.uaq.mx/investigacion/difusion/veranos/memorias-2009/11VCRC_46/19_Mora_Hernandez.pdf> [Accessed 16 June 2022].

3. Calzada Rovirosa, J., de la Isla Herrera, D. and Ramírez Vázquez, I., 2013. Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en Querétaro. Casos exitosos. Saneamiento de las Aguas del río El Pueblito. 5th ed. [ebook] CONCYTEC. Available at: <http://www.concyteq.edu.mx/concyteq//uploads/publicacionArchivo/2017-06-742.pdf> [Accessed 16 June 2022].

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