Da Vinci Research Report: 2016

RESEARCH REPORT 2016

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Purpose To cultivate managerial leaders

Dream To contribute to the development of a sustainable society

Principles Seeking the truth (Curiosita) Taking responsibility (Dimostrazione) Sharpening awareness (Sensazione) Engaging the shadow (Sfumato) Nurturing integration (Corporalita) Embracing holism (Connessione) Cultivating balance (Scienza) Brand promise To co-create reality

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CONTENTS Foreword

1

Introduction

2

Research Office

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Person Centred Education

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TIPS Framework

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Institutional Research Output – NQF Level 10

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Institutional Research Output – NQF Level 9

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Externally Funded Research Projects

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The 2016 Annual Da Vinci Council Awards

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Innovation and Technology Awards

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Publications and Conferences

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Research Development

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1 FOREWORD I am of the firm view that no one should be paid for simply knowing something. Knowledge today is “google-ably”, ubiquitous and abundantly available. Knowledge is freely available. To claim that one doesn’t know is simply an admission that you are too lazy or too indifferent to find out.

In a world where almost everything that is known by someone, is knowable by all, the question is: Where is the real value, if not simply in the knowledge?

Professor David Perkins (for 30 years involved and Co-Director of Project Zero, at the Graduate School of Education, Harvard University) was one of my impactful influences and strong academic mentors in my early years as a research student, doing my studies in Cognition and Development. One of David’s strong arguments, then, was that most of the knowledge we acquire ends up being inert because we do not acquire it with a specific design, intent or purpose. We end up with vast amounts of knowledge we either don’t consciously know that we know, or that we use poorly or not at all.

Similarly, when the knowledge we acquire is fragile, and without specific design, then, not only is it hard to apply such knowledge within the specific context it was acquired, but it’s almost impossible to transfer such knowledge that may be generalizable, to any other area of application.

We also live in an era of machine learning and artificial intelligence where computers can “self-learn”. Algorithms are developed that allow computers to search vast data bases of information from which they not only construct new knowledge or derive valuable insights, but are capable of doing it at break-neck speed with the highest degree of accuracy, repeatability and reliability ever imagined. The race between man and machine has never been more competitive, and the ability of computers is unmatched. In a connected world one also realizes that when one computer has learnt something, it will remember it and share it instantly with every other computer.

So knowledge production, knowledge retention, knowledge synthesis, the domain where we could in the past demonstrate superior ability, have become completely commoditised by computational capabilities and interconnectedness.

The true value of knowledge, in my view, is in its application.

This is not an argument against deepening one’s knowledge of a particular subject. Of course, there is a place for deepening one’s knowledge in a particular area. It is definitely not a case against expanding, challenging and repudiating

existing knowledge and in the process, the creation of new knowledge. Knowledge development and management forms important activities in the sphere of knowledge.

My point is simply that whilst many would argue that the pursuit of knowledge can be an end in its own right, the ultimate value of knowledge has to be contained in the question: What benefit does it serve? More specifically, what impact will it have on society? What difference will it make?

The correct application of knowledge in itself is also not selfevident. This is where we human beings have the opportunity to set ourselves apart. We do this by asking the deep questions of meaning. Questions like: Why am I here? What difference do I choose to make? What purpose do I wish to serve? Computers cannot ask these questions, and even if they could simulate it through AI, it will be devoid of the deep sense of care that we as human beings can experience and what can inspire us.

To KNOW and not to DO, is not to know! To KNOW the difference between right and wrong and to CHOOSE to DO RIGHT, is beyond knowledge - it’s WISDOM! At Da Vinci, we have the strong conviction that our research activities should not simply create new knowledge, but that it should have meaningful and measurable societal impact. The highest purpose our collaborative scholarly endeavour with the learners, or co-creators of reality, can serve, is to ensure that the fruits of their academic endeavour will make a real difference to the communities they come from, the national tapestry of their respective countries, or indeed, the entire world. This is not merely an audacious ambition. It is the core essence and purpose we hold dear, and strive to serve.

I am encouraged when I read the work of our PhD students, how many of them have embraced the concept of “societal impact” in their studies. As this publication bears out, the research seeks to have an impact on rural African communities; cultivate indigenous knowledge; improving the workplace experience; or enhancing the interface between people and technology. An important standard that we set at the outset is that the area of research must be relevant to the workplace or equivalent context. It must tackle a problem which if solved, will create a positive return on the academic investment.

I hope you will enjoy reading this Research Report.

Prof Edward Kieswetter President: The Da Vinci Institute

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‘Dimostrazione’: a commitment to test knowledge through experience, persistence, and willingness to learn from mistakes.

The 2016 crop of The Da Vinci Institute’s post-graduate students is truly remarkable! So far, it is a record for The Institute: 18 PhD and 31 MSc students graduated at the September 2016 graduation ceremony, with a throughput rate of 46% and 47% respectively. The Institute therefore takes great pleasure in presenting the Research Report of 2016.

In 2015, when our first Research Report was published, the team decided to assign a theme to the first and each subsequent, report. The 2015 Research Report reflected the Da Vincian principle of ‘Connesione’, referring to ‘connecting the dots’, or seeing the big picture and the relationships between each part of the system. This year, we have taken the Leonardo Da Vinci theme of ‘Dimostrazione’ for the 2016 Research Report. ‘Dimostrazione’ reflects ‘a commitment to test knowledge through experience, persistence, and willingness to learn from mistakes’ .

As non-traditional, mature students, most of our students bring a wealth of experience, with a strong need to find empirical evidence for years of engagement in their particular fields of expertise, often gained through experimentation, making mistakes and keen observation. These experiences are strongly reflected in the PhD research outputs for 2016.

One theme that emerged is that of standardisation.

Standardisation is seen to be a mechanism that aims to reduce mistakes. In the spirit of reducing mistakes, two studies concluded in 2016 dealt specifically with an examination of international standards in the form of the International Standards Organisation (ISO) prescripts – one in South Africa and one in Zimbabwe, dealing with vastly different sectors. Adams’ study, entitled Standardization within the Service and Guest accommodation sectors: A South African perspective, for example, clearly demonstrates the significant economic, social and environmental impact of standardisation on the hospitality sector in South Africa.

Likewise, Mutenga’s study titled Risk management and the application of the International Standards Organisation

(ISO) Standard 31000, in the mining sector: a Zimbabwean Case Study, investigated the risk management standard to address not only Safety, Health and Environment, but also enterprise-wide risks, resulting in an integrated risk management model through a systems-approach. The thesis offers integrated risk management innovation for mining to contribute towards the removal of silo-risk approaches and its attendant costly duplication in roles and systems.

Staying with the Dimonstrazione principles of the theme of ‘learning from experience’ and ‘testing knowledge’, five rural studies have been concluded – one in Nigeria, three in Zimbabwe and one in India.

Adodo’s study, entitled Holism and integral healing: A role model of integral development within Africa, rooted in a small village in rural Nigeria, is a wonderful re-discovery of African indigenous medical knowledge, demonstrating that the journey to physical, mental, social, economic and enterprise health, must start from where it originated – in this case the rural village – in Edo state in Nigeria.

A second rural community study, conducted by Chiganze, entitled Transforming rural communities through the sustainable commercialisation of agriculture: a Zimbabwean case study, not only beautifully describes the resilience of the human spirit, but shows how a rural village can transform itself from dependence to economic independence.

Following this theme of being deeply situated in communities, a third rural study, undertaken by Munzvengi, and titled Socio-economic challenges within developing economies: A Zimbabwean case study, showed how the 4Cs model, expounded in Call, Context, Co-creation and Contribution changed individual’s lives and transformed the village from a poverty-stricken state to an economic hub with a uniquely African approach to banking and enterprise, highly responsive to real-world African, rural contexts.

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2 INTRODUCTION

The fourth and fifth rural studies (Zimbabwe and India), undertaken by Nyambayo and Parker, and titled Integral development and marketing of mobile phone products and services for the improvement of livelihoods or rural people: A co-operative inquiry and Transformative emergency preparedness education: Utilising community media strategies in rural India, respectively, both show how the appropriate and judicious use of technology could enhance the lives of rural people. The use of affordable and accessible mobile phone services for example, resulted in the formation of the Mobile Farming Support Model in the Zimbabwe study. Likewise, in Parker’s study, the use of community radio stations in the North Indian State of Uttarakhand, significantly improved the disaster management strategies in an area prone to devastating natural disasters as a result of environmental degradation. In the latter study, a unique aspect that emerged is an examination of the ways in which scientific technology and ancient traditions combine to promote social innovation.

In keeping with the ‘learning from experience’ theme, no less than seven PhD students developed some or other framework based on practice. The first, undertaken by Kumkani, and entitled Coaching as a strategic intervention for leadership development in organisations: Creating a systemic intervention framework, focused on how coaching can be used for leadership development. He differentiates between ‘a heroic leader’, as an individual and ‘leadership’, suggesting a team approach, which is responsive to organisational challenges and shifts in employee expectations. The result of the study is an intervention framework, premised on a systems approach to coaching and development.

The second study by Mariano, entitled Developing a framework linking motivating factors in restaurants to sustainable personal development and career growth, describes an elegant and deeply personal journey of discovery of the factors contributing to the attributes of self-

empowerment. The outcome of the study is a framework and a spiral, which, given responsive atmospheres and constructive environments, result in the conditions necessary for emancipation and empowerment of individuals.

Keeping within the theme of constructing frameworks, Mgwenya conducted a study entitled Towards a sustainable transformational framework for the public sector: A South African case study. This thesis suggests a framework suited to contextual realities, but which responds to the needs of organisational transformation in more general terms.

The fourth study in this theme takes a different direction: Molapisi’s study, entitled Nanotechnology innovation and commercialisation: Creating a framework for South African industries, delves deeply into the questions of innovation and its subsequent commercialisation. The key outcome of the study is a Nanotechnology Innovation Wheel, which creates an environment where innovation is taken from ideation, through to commercialisation.

Staying with technology, the next study in this theme is

by Singh, entitled Operational incident experience and business improvement: Creating a performance framework for electricity utilities. The study resulted in an error management strategy which could lead to significant overall incident reduction at energy utilities, which is only one benefit amongst the many described, especially when applying the various tools developed for error management.

The sixth study in this theme deals with Creating a policy framework for the establishment of a sustainable bioeconomy: A South African case study, undertaken by Tlhagale. The study specifically addressed the health innovation system of the country, from a high-level policy point of view. In the careful identification of the gaps and deficiencies in the system, and proposals to address and overcome these deficiencies, the study provides a strong and implementable policy framework.

The final study in this theme was undertaken by Ismail, and is entitled Transformation and consumer behaviour: Developing a South African typology, which aimed to develop a framework for the comprehensive assessment of factors purported to influence consumer behaviour.

Against the background of the different economies at

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play in this country, the study found that South African retailers will have to be much more responsive to different consumer groups. The research resulted in a model for retailers to quantify the influence of socio-political and business factors to attain transformation.

The following few studies are highly people-focused. The first of these by Ata with her study, Human generation interfaces with nuclear technology: challenges associated with nuclear power generation knowledge transfer, exemplifies the importance of experiential learning and even more importantly, the transfer of such knowledge, built over decades, to the next generation nuclear power practitioners, particularly in terms of safety in the industry.

and low competencies in some, inhibit the realisation of the benefits. With this in mind, the student developed an encompassing set of criteria that, once customised for individual utilities, will ensure successful implementation.

The Da Vinci Institute is proud of each of these new scholars!

Welcome to the academy.

The Institute would also like to take the opportunity to congratulate the 2015/16 academic year award winners. The following awards were conferred: The Benjamin Anderson Award for Work Based Learning Recipient: Ms Anne-Marie Schutte

Janse van Rensburg’s study entitled The development of an integrated philosophy for psychological wellbeing for the South African counselling profession, significantly contributes to a common understanding of patient wellness in mental healthcare in South Africa. A major innovation resulting from the study involves a screening philosophy and a unique integrated model that repositions the patient at the centre of diagnosis and treatment.

The Da Vinci President’s Award Recipient: Dr Rooksana Rajab

Staying with patient-centredness, Ubogu, in her study entitled Creating a responsive person-centred Health Care service for people living with HIV/Aids, focused on the extent to which HIV/Aids patients also rely on ethno (traditional) medicine. The aim was to integrate conventional with alternative treatments, particularly in relation to possible drug interaction. Surveying a large number of respondents, she found that while a smaller number of patients make use of traditional medicines in addition to conventional medicine than what was expected, it is nevertheless important to note that this does take place, and that the healthcare system should therefore make provision for the phenomenon.

The Da Vinci Mandala Research Award Recipient: Dr Rean du Plessis

The Natalie Du Toit Award Recipient: Dr Ronewa Mulea The Da Vinci Community Services Award Recipient: Dr Winfrida Mhaka

The Da Vinci Phd Excellence Award Recipient: Dr Mary Ritz The Da Vinci Institute’s research output is going from strength to strength, and we are excited, with our graduates, about the contributions they are making to the development of new knowledge. We hope you enjoy reading about the cutting edge research undertaken by our students.

Dr Ronel Blom

The final study, undertaken by Poolo, and entitled The relevance of Smart Metering technologies for electricity utilities: A South African case study, shows the uneven introduction of cost-saving technologies in the utilities sector.

While Smart Metering will enable energy utilities to match electricity demand with generation capacity, lack of capacity

Dean: Research and Design

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Dr Ronel Blom, PhD Dean: Research and Design

Mr Simon Gathua Acting Research Manager

Mr Dewald Kruger Information Officer

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4 PERSONCENTRED EDUCATION

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A MESSAGE FROM AN ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR Conventionally universities are regarded as places of learning, but learning is only meaningful when it ultimately contributes to human development. Recently we have witnessed wide-spread upheavals at academic institutions in South Africa which reminds us that enrolment is not only about training. Many protestors are indeed motivated by other aspects such as human rights, financial needs, political will, and personal agendas. This demonstrates anew that educators cannot afford to ignore the person behind the student, and when we pay attention to the person, we may end up with person-centred education instead of the current student-centred education.

What difference would this make? It would transpose the university from being merely a place of learning, to a place of becoming. The strategy would then not be defined by keywords such as: • research, • learning, and • examinations, but rather by ...

• personalization, • socialization, • transformation and, yes, ultimately • self-actualization.

Without such a transformation, we could easily be academically adept, yet sit with learned barbarians. On the other hand, the development of personhood, I firmly believe, could by far transcend the hollow status of a qualified persona non grata.

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The current academic landscape in SA, as we all may painfully realize, is marked and marred by much turmoil; a state that will hardly be overcome by political strategies or even liberal financial concessions. What is urgently needed, I believe, is a profound re-negotiation to find an underlying philosophical basis that could shift the very foundation of education to that of a new paradigm: A kind of noetic approach that could culminate in person-centred education.

Personhood is, for me, at the heart of such a grand strategy in order to overcome the depersonalization imposed by materialistic dogma in a predominantly machine age. This is a project to put heart and mind rather than information and knowledge at the centre of education.

I often amuse my students by pointing out that we were not born as human beings, but only with the amazing potential to become human – i.e. experience ongoing personal growth and strive towards achieving self-actualization. Education surely forms an integral part of this crucial process in becoming a person.

This reminds me of the title of a now famous book written by the American professor in psychology, Carl Rogers, in the 1961, entitled: On becoming a person. It epitomizes his concept of client-centred counselling, based on the idea that a warm person-to-person relationship between the therapist and the client ... can resolve difficulties and gain the insight necessary to restructure his/her life.

I find the Rogerian approach a useful conceptual analogy for a person-centred educational policy, one that would instil values, inspire creativity, foster relationships, and encourage much needed personal growth and applied intellectual development.

I can imagine that some academics may object to a person-centred approach because it ventures boldly into the unchartered subjective landscape of social reality and

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what can be termed as noetic ontology. It proceeds from a metaphysic where consciousness creates reality. An objective, empirically accessible reality surrounds us, but remains external where we have constructed a world of “me” and “not me”. Yet, every experience is subjective; it is received, processed, judged, interpreted and absorbed by our awareness. After all we tacitly live within a subjective reality where training occurs as awareness, and the learner becomes this awareness!

Against this background I can think of at least three immediate advantages of a person-centred education 1. In the first instance it will include intuitive ways of knowing – otherwise a rigid one-sided rationalistic approach may lead to developmental sterility and fixation on technology with no room for human dignity and personal fulfilment. The geniuses of Albert Einstein and Leonardo da Vinci serve as classic examples of brilliant intuitive insights. It was confirmed by the seminal research of Thomas Kuhn in the sixties that knowledge does not grow cumulatively, but in leaps and bounds, now known as paradigm shifts.

2. Secondly it will foster personal growth and development – otherwise we may become stuck in a static technocratic mode of existence. Training and education ought to be ultimately defined, not in terms of what we know, but rather by what we become. It requires a shift from an objective of “to do” to a disposition of “to be” and then “to do because of what I am”.

3. In the third place, person-centred education will be aligned to the exciting idea that we do not only discover reality, but that we are co-creators. This is in line with a post-modern perspective that epistemology models ontology. Reality and truth become “my truth and reality” for person-centred education qualifies as individualized, and customizes education not to be reduced to a generic

one-size-fits all. This is surely in line with a mode two model followed by Da Vinci. It sincerely honours, and further expounds, the unique insights and experience that each candidate may bring to the table in the form of questions, pre-supposition, relationships, ideas, imagination, ideals, values, proposals and innovation. This, I believe, appeals to our deepest existential needs for personal growth.

SUMMARY What would happen if we could create a novel and personal educational space to tell candidates: “At this institution you are the living training programme; your need for and level of self-development defines and contributes to the structures of the carriculum. Such a training programme is an open one, one that may adapt according to learner needs for growth and development.

Candidates who undertake such a training programme, will not only study to achieve a Bachelor or Masters qualification, but in essence develop to become a Bachelor, or Master or a Doctor of philosophy.

This is aligned to the didactic that “if learners cannot learn the way we teach, we ought to teach the way they learn.”

It is a constructive agenda to replace top-down academic co-ercive training with a softer humanistic approach that takes personhood not only seriously, but as primary point of departure. The first step may be to simply realize and admit that the human person was not created for education, but education for us and by us.

Prof Marius D Herholdt Academic Supervisor

2016 13

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ENGAGEMENT

Human Interface

The management of technology (MOT) The management of technology argues that we are all technologists, every one of us who knows how to do something in a certain way and uses tools to do it, be they pencils or personal computers, machine tools or video screens. Teachers, auto designers, builders of factories or financial plans, whether we use language labs or lasers, in whatever we do, we participate in the management of technology of our age.

The management of innovation (MOI) This is essentially about how an organisation capitalises on the ideation process to develop an innovative product, service, process or system, and, as a result commercialises and implements such innovation.

The management of people (MOP) The understanding of the human bridge in implementing organisational processes and how the organisational human factor is leveraged, showing how and where people make the real difference in sustaining organisational growth and competence.

In linking and integrating the above domains with each other, Da Vinci argues that people should be able to demonstrate the following behaviours:

Being agile Integrating the dynamics of the management of technology and the management of innovation such that, as the organisation develops, improves and adapts its technology needs, appropriate amounts of innovation are applied to generate real market value and profitability.

Being aligned Integrating the management of technology and the management of people by ensuring that the organisation upskills (by acquisition or development) the appropriate human capabilities to match and ideally exceed the technological needs at any one time.

Being engaged Integrating the management of people and the management of innovation by way of evaluating the commitment and motivation of people in the workplace. It is measured in terms of the total incentive cost within the organisation.

The management of systems (MOS) The synthesis of all organisational activities and performances systemically, in an attempt to solve unique problems. The re-design of a competitive landscape may result in being hyper-competitive. It also assumes that one perceives reality as a combination of known, knowable, complex and chaotic dimensions.

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6 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH OUTPUT

NQF LEVEL 10

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standardisation to address socio-economic development challenges, as it describes the uptake of standards and their impact within the industry. Using a quantitative methodology, the views provided by respondents on the implementation of standardisation were analysed according to 36 impact indicators. These were used to determine the economic, social and environmental impact of the implementation of standards in the accommodation establishments.

ADAM, Suraya Aboobaker Standardization within the Service and Guest accommodation sectors: A South African perspective The application of standardisation practices ensures quality, consistency and safety in the production and procurement of products and services in order to make people’s lives safer, easier and better. However, areas of enquiry on the impact of standardisation have emerged, which have prompted the need for research to provide confirmation of the impact of its implementation. There has been an increase in the number of studies in this area over the past 16 years, and focus on the macro, and micro-economic impact of standards. These have mainly been based on the traditional areas of standardisation, manufacturing and processing. Research describing the impact of standardisation on the emerging, dynamic services sector has received little attention internationally, with no research completed nationally. Considering this gap in the available literature, this study described the economic, social and environmental impact of standardisation on the Formal Service and Guest accommodation industry, which includes hotels, boutique hotels, lodges, guest houses, country houses and bed-and-breakfasts (B&Bs) in South Africa. The accommodation sector is part of the tourism industry which, globally and nationally, is one of the fastest growing industries. Understanding the industry-level impact of standards that are aligned to the National Development Plan (NDP) and the Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) was essential in order to contribute to a body of knowledge that is used to communicate the strategic significance of standardization. Furthermore, this research contributed to the knowledge hub of the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) and created a focused promotion of the value of

The data provided by the 643 usable responses were converted into numerical data for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the implementation of standards in the accommodation establishments was perceived to have a “strong” to “highest” impact. Overall, the top three highest perceived impacts were on “improved service quality”, followed by “increased customer satisfaction” and thereafter” improved ability to meet health and safety requirements”. These indicators have a positive effect on the establishments’ risk management, reputation, employees, customer service, working conditions, health and safety, environmental management, legislation, and training and development. Although all indicators rated highly, the lowest perceived impact of the implementation of standards was on employee Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and disease management programmes. The indicator affects the economic, social and environmental impact areas as it influences the establishment’s risk management, employees, the working conditions, health and safety management, training and development and ultimately the local economy.

Rating systems and certification schemes were found to be very popular in the industry, with the Star Grading System being the most popular rating system applied. An unexpected, but pleasantly surprising, finding was the high percentage of implementation of South African National Standards and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Management System Standards. However, participation levels in both industry and national/international standards development was found to be low on the whole. The study proved worthwhile, revealing a wealth of information on the implementation of standardisation at the industry level. The outcomes can be used to further strengthen the relationship between the SABS and the accommodation industry.

Additionally the study can be used as a starting point for several related future studies in the tourism and other sectors.

Academic Supervisor: Dr F Terblanche Field Supervisor: Dr S Bissoon

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ADODO, Anselm Gbenga Holism and integral healing: A role model of integral development within Africa The choice of topic was motivated by the neglect of indigenous African knowledge, most especially indigenous medical knowledge. The preference for a one-sided, western, exogenous knowledge system led to an identity crisis and a loss of interest in traditional culture and values among the rural population of Edo state and Nigeria, as well as to the poverty of economic and political institutions.

This thesis demonstrated that the journey to physical, mental, social and and economic and enterprise health, must follow the reverse order, that is, it must start from the village and grow outwards towards the city. In other words, Integral Healing, which the researcher also calls Pax, biologically and metaphorically, starts with nature and community. Integral Research was used in this thesis. The Integral Worlds model puts emphasis on holistic research and social innovation that is built on the dynamics of the symbolic four worlds of South, East, North and West. It helps to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each world, and what each one can learn from the other. Each of the four worlds both metaphorically and literally reflects more concretely a certain part of the world. Thus, the

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South is more concretely linked with Africa, the East with Asia, the North with Europe, and the west with America. In reality, the four worlds are metaphorically present in every society, in every organisation and in each person. There is in each society, organization and each person, a southern relational world of nature and community, an eastern holistic world of culture and spirituality, a northern world of systems, technology and structure and, finally, a western world of enterprise, economics and continuity. Each world has its own preferred and authentic research methodology.

In the Action Research-oriented level of each research path, the South would apply Participatory Action Research (PAR), the East Co-operative Inquiry (CI), the North SocioTechnical Design and the West, Action Research. Although my research path followed the Southern Relational trajectory, the researcher chose to combine Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Heron’s Co-operative Inquiry (CI) as my action research methodologies. In the research process, the researcher employed the tenets of PAR to activate the local community to engage in regular dialogue to identify their challenges, and find common ground to effectively proffer their own solutions rather than solutions from without. This led to the creation of Ewu Development and Educational Multipurpose Cooperative Society (EDEMCS). From a local group of marginalised and underrated people, EDEMCS is becoming a voice powerful enough to challenge the status quo, and “force” a change in power relations in Edo state and Nigeria.

In the CI group, the researcher followed Heron’s four epistemologies, or “ways of knowing”, namely experiential knowing, presentational knowing, propositional knowing, and practical knowing. One of the practical transformative contributions of the CI group is the creation of the Africa Centre for Integral Research and Development (ACIRD). It aims to institutionalise knowledge creation in and for Ewu village, Edo State, Nigeria and Africa as a whole via a new theory called Communitalism, based on the four aspects of “Integral Healing” or Pax: Pax Communis, Pax Spiritus, Pax Scientia and Pax Economia, altogether called Pax Africana.

Communitalism, originating from the South, demonstrates that an institutionalised model of business and enterprise based on nature, community, spirituality and humanism, integrally so to speak, is the preferred driver of social and technological innovation in Africa.

Academic Supervisor: Prof A Schieffer Field Supervisor: Prof R Lessem

ATA, Lawrence Human generation interfaces with nuclear technology: Challenges associated with nuclear power generation knowledge transfer This thesis examined the phenomenon of how recent human generations interface with nuclear technology, whilst adhering to nuclear safety. Ultimately, the researcher hopes to identify the challenges associated with the young generations perceived as less able to master science and operate a high risk technology than their predecessors.

Elements related to human error, human behaviour and human performance will also be explored in conjunction with insights that will be gained throughout this research.

The candidate followed a qualitative research methodology using analytical induction in the collection, analysis and presentation of the findings (Znaniecki, 1934). Smeltser and Baltes (2001) explained that analytical induction has, as its formal objective, a causal explanation and a specification of the individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for a social phenomenon to occur. This methodology asks for the redefinition of the phenomenon to be explained and the factors that impact on it to be described. Initial hypotheses are accepted or contradicted and the hypotheses are reworked in one or more ways. In this thesis, three different cycles are presented. Cycle 1 was concerned with the global status of nuclear skills, Cycle 2 focused on the human interface with technology, exploring the responses of different human generations to evolving technology, and Cycle 3 embarked on the exploration of the South African youth in their matric years. Through each of these three research cycles, new

hypothesis and research questions were developed. The researcher attempted to test the hypothesis and answer the research questions accordingly. Finally, research questions were answered and hypotheses of each cycle were integrated once accepted. It was concluded that the young generation is capable of taking over and operating the future nuclear builds. Interesting insights were gained as the analytical inductive research evolved, often beyond the scope of the subject. Issues related to political, socio-economic and crime surfaced, implying that individuals are connected and affected by the bigger system, beyond their own homes and community. Furthermore, new findings were identified and formulated for organisations driven by performance criteria, while other essential factors such as plant condition, systems and people management are neglected. In terms of skills transfer, the researcher found that passing on knowledge and skills from one employee to another on the job results in a knowledge decay phenomenon.

In terms of human error as a function of human generations, it was found that belonging to one human generation or another will not determine the magnitude of risk in operating nuclear technology. Human beings are to be enabled through enabling conditions, created by a systematic approach at a national level. Human behaviour before and during an accident is detrimental to its consequences. Governments, leaders and individuals are responsible for maintaining the principles of nuclear safety culture. People need appropriate education, training, mentorship and coaching. There is room to use the technology savvy generations’ strengths in favour of the business; however, they are required to remain within the boundaries of fundamental knowledge and be able to master the analogue operations. This is crucial in the event of accidents. Innovative technology with inherent safeguard designs on their own cannot guarantee continuous operation with zero accidents. Human factors, directly or indirectly, are a critical influence on the sustainability of nuclear safety.

At a national level, the nuclear expansion will create job opportunities; the young generation will be educated, trained and integrated into the socio-economic environment as a contributor to society. The researcher provided a high-level roadmap for South Africa that directs it in this direction.

Academic Supervisor: Dr R Viljoen Field Supervisor: Mr B Culligan

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CHIGANZE, Bernamy Chipo Transforming rural communities through the sustainable commercialization of agriculture: A Zimbabwean case study Now the people of Gandiya village can smile because of the fruits of their own achievements. They can boast of having adequate food in their storehouses, with extra to sell or exchange for valuable assets such as cows, goats and hens. They boast of having their own currency in the form of finger millet. The once sleepy, downtrodden Gandiya village which is 70 kilometres west of Mutare is pioneering sustainable development in Makoni District. From the humble beginnings of 30 members of the Kumboyedza group have spurred more than 9 000 families in the surrounding villages into action. More importantly, the network of farming collaborators is self-sufficient and holds reserves of finger millet and cash. Accordingly, the Agritex arm of supervising farming operations has grown from two initial pioneers to 18 officers who confirmed their intention to be present on the five wards’ field day in April 2016. The modus operandi of the Kumboyedza Group is “Iwe neni tinebasa” (You and me have a job to do). The research work was carried out by my co-researchers, AGRITEX officers, headman Rukweza, BTD, Da Vinci Institute, and myself as the facilitator. Gandiya village was still rooted in unsustainable, colonial agricultural practices. Mono-crops such as tobacco and maize were

favoured. Growing tobacco appeared to be accelerating the rate of deforestation. The Gandiya community had become reliant on donor assistance and handouts from the government. Most young people had left for the urban areas. The challenges were identified as lack of a market for produce, the fractured community, which was self-centred and needed to learn to co-operate, and the mindset of the community towards outside, “ready-made” solutions. Along the research journey, a major drawback was the reliance on chain stores as the major markets for produce.

The assumption that all the villagers had reached the stage of subsistence farming proved to be false as they were not ready to progress to the next level of commercialisation. Farmers learnt gradually, from one stage to another, which we termed as the “baby steps” theory. The focus has since shifted from just chain stores to end users and industrial buyers such as food processors and manufacturers. The members realised that more can be achieved if they work together and pool their resources. The operating model, iwe neni, tinebasa leveraged on the various areas of expertise of the participants.

The projects on vegetables, finger millet and the munyemba cultivation were examples of community collaboration and combining of resources. In these projects, the group achieved community cohesion, partial commercialisation and return to cultural currency, and created a platform for further innovation. This initiative yielded results beyond initial expectations, reaching other communities in the Makoni Rural District. The outcome has been very positive in mobilising others to farm sustainably, strive to eradicate poverty, implement transformation and embrace cultural grounding.

The indigenous knowledge-base has now been validated.

We have reached a stage where the Kumboyedza group is evolving towards sustainability and being self-driven. These positive steps will help eradicate the economic reversals that occurred whilst operating in the mono-crop system. The role of the facilitator has now transformed to one of an observer, reporter and, if required he will sound the alarm if any aspect threatens to reverse or stall progress made so far.

Academic Supervisor: Dr JP Muchineripi Field Supervisor: Dr SM Kada

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ISMAIL, Aslam Transformation and consumer behaviour: Developing a South African typology The study refers to a typology that is based on the historical separation of previously advantaged and disadvantaged South Africans. The research philosophy is positive empiricism, based on a socio-capitalist perspective. The study is intentionally focused on the South African retail industry.

The selection and application of a deductive approach are confirmed, as this study applies a “mixed methodology”.

The aims and objectives were to develop a framework for the comprehensive assessment of factors purported to influence consumer behaviour. The problem statement is specified as: “The development of service strategies among South African retailers is formulated in the absence of or with a limited understanding of transformation”. The South African economic transformation trajectory is scanned to consolidate citations of public sentiment on ITS progress. The view that environmental factors are expected to influence the decisions and behaviour of retail customers is elucidated. There is emphasis on the significance and understanding of customer expectations, with the view to improving service strategy formulation as leverage for improved retail profitability.

Theoretical research is segmented by deliberations such as the advent and development of consumer behaviour theory; predominant models on consumer behaviour; applied sciences to consumer decision-making; internal and external factors that influence consumer behaviour; the service-profit chain linkages; consumer decisions, value and conflict.

Literature is sparse, with little or no explicit explanation on the actual impact and influences that socio-political

transformational factors have on consumer behaviour. The different and, sometimes, contradictory opinions on the subjects of consumer expectations, competitive strategy and the general role and expectations of government are noted. The probability of an impure “pogrom” whereby South African consumers may, by means of their economic influence, choose to change their shopping habits based on their perceptions of customer care received from retailers is acknowledged. There is evidence to confirm that an organisation’s culture and how engaged it may be with its consumers and their immediate communities is a good indicator of the organisation’s ability to better serve and satisfy its customers. The emphasis by retailers on product selection and appealing pricing is found to be a unanimously accepted distinguisher of competitive advantage in establishing shopper loyalty and brand awareness. It is implied that South African retail companies are not fully focused on understanding how the service-profit chain affects their ability to deliver profit.

Findings indicate an opportunity in nurturing organisational culture towards a more holistic and leadership-driven ethos in the desire to better understand retail customers.

Assessment tables are grouped within a framework to represent the internal and external environments. These tables were developed to empower business executives to quantify the influence of identified socio-political and business factors. The tables broadly represent three main areas of influence: the external environment, the market environment, and organisation service agility.

Elementary mathematical formulae are used to measure the influences of the environment on consumer behaviour.

This culminates in a model which represents internal and external environmental factors that influence consumer behaviour. The principles of systemic thinking are included in this model, which is positioned to support a comprehensive evaluation of the relevance of retail service strategy. Retailers should be encouraged to familiarise themselves with transformation and to methodologically address the influences of socio-political change on their businesses. Perhaps, the most startling reflection on the research process within the South African retail sector was the lack of self-absorption from managers, executives and customers. The fervour for nation-building and improving the quality of service for everyone is documented as a common trait among South African retail executives.

Academic Supervisor: Prof R Chinomona Field Supervisor: Ms N Freeman

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of patients, this research attempts to unify these interpretations through a grounded-theory exploration of empirical wellness models, as well as an epistemological review of psychological interpretations of “wellness”.

The investigation concludes by identifying a virtueorientated perspective of mental health that incorporates the emphasis of all previous models into the role that consciousness plays in understanding patient health.

The perspective highlights how both the inter and intrapsychological systems of the individual play a pivotal role in their experiences of mental distress, especially in terms of their belief system. The dissertation concludes with an outline of a screening philosophy designed from a virtueorientated perspective on mental health and includes preliminary case study investigations regarding its use.

JANSE VAN RENSBURG, Phillippus Marthinus The development of an integrated philosophy for psychological wellbeing for the South African counselling profession The research was concerned with outlining a preliminary integrated philosophy for psychological wellbeing. Given the number of conflicting perspectives regarding the causes, treatments and beliefs of health, the author argues that South African mental healthcare is saturated with contradictory understandings of what underpins patient wellness. These contradictory understandings conflict with new national health initiatives, as well as possible difficulty in client treatment and referral. In an effort to reframe these understandings, the author posits that the use of the term “wellbeing” allows for a renewed focus on the individual being at the centre of mental healthcare. Drawing on a post-modernist interpretation of health which problematises malfunctioning interpretations

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The research offers key insights into the role that belief and consciousness play in facilitating mental healthcare.

It offers a unique integrated model drawn from these insights that repositions the client at the centre of diagnosis and treatment. It exemplifies how deeper reflections on theory drawn from multiple epistemiologies can allow for novel theoretical and practical insights into the field of client treatment. This study recommends further and more expansive investigations into the possible uses of the preliminary philosophy drawn from the research undertaken.

Academic Supervisor: Prof M Herholdt

KUMKANI, Mxolisi Eric Coaching as a strategic intervention for leadership development in organisations: Creating a systemic intervention framework The research is an attempt to provide a systemic leadership development intervention framework to facilitate a process of increasing and enhancing leadership capabilities across organisational hierarchies and boundaries through the platform of coaching from a systems perspective.

The study focused on how coaching can be used as a strategic intervention for leadership development, rather than for leader development, for the empowerment and success of organisations. The context of the study emanates from the reality that historical and traditional views of leadership focus largely on the individual leader, hence the preoccupation in organisations with leader development rather than leadership development. The increasing complexities in the world, with conditions that are ever changing, demand a different form of leadership that looks beyond the traditional approach to work and responsibilities. The traditional approaches to leadership are challenged by shifts in the world of work and society at large, including the emergence of the knowledge worker, the advent of information technology beyond the control and imagination of leaders, and the emerging demand by followers to take their power of freedom back rather than entrusting it to heroic leaders. Other developments are that employee rights have assumed centre-stage against unfettered powers of leaders, a connected and networked employee community has emerged and organisational hierarchies have lost their attractiveness in favour of flatter, decentralised arrangements. Organisations are regressing in caring for and engaging their employees, resulting in an

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increasing number of disengaged employees. It is against this background that coaching has been viewed as one of the strategic interventions that can assist organisations to effectively and proactively deal with complex leadership, organisational challenges and shifts in employee expectations. The purpose of the study was to develop a systemic leadership development intervention framework premised on a systems approach to coaching and leadership development so as to enable the development of systemic leadership capabilities in organisations. The study investigated and explored coaching interventions in an organisation that received and experienced both dyadic (one-on-one coaching) for leader development and systemic coaching (coaching that primarily focuses on the system within which the leader operates) for leadership development. This study adopted a case study research design undergirded by a qualitative research methodology. The interpretivist qualitative paradigm was adopted to assist in seeking an understanding of how social interaction processes envelope meaning. The interpretive paradigm was relevant in the study, as it sought to specifically seek meaning through investigation rather than assuming meaning, and because of its strength in gathering data systemically from various sources, the main data collection tool employed was tape-recorded, face-toface interviews. Respondents who participated emanated from different levels of the organisational hierarchy. Data analysis followed a coding process that that ensured topics were coded, built into categories and summarised into

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themes. The main findings of the study include the reality that a fixed reductionist approach to developing leaders as though they are operating in a vacuum is inappropriate.

Deterministic and singular leadership development approaches cannot augment, capacitate or inculcate a leadership cadrĂŠ able to take organisations to required levels of effectiveness and sustainability. However, seeing leadership as relational, systemic, and as an emerging property that can be shared and requires collaboration was found to be empowering. Coaching that is strategic and based on systems thinking was found to be appropriate, as it complemented dyadic coaching. It was also found that coaching can be better procured when organisations and their leadership are clear on what outcomes they desire and through which coaching model. It was also discovered that rolling out coaching in a systemic way empowers more than an elite few; however coaching is not a panacea for all organisational challenges. Factors for coaching to be embedded and sustained in organisations need to be considered. The outcomes and benefits of coaching from a systems perspective indicated an increase in employee alignment to organisational strategic goals, organisational culture and the embracing of values improved, and leadership capabilities are enhanced. Stakeholders that can benefit from this study are organisations, leadership, coaching organisations, organisational development practitioners and recipients of coaching.

Academic Supervisor: Dr G van Rensburg

MARIANO, Giovanni Vincenzo Developing a framework linking motivating factors in restaurants to sustainable personal development and career growth The thesis was initiated by an ongoing relationship between the researcher and the restaurant industry, which consists of a magnificent melting pot of people, cultures, skills and dimensions, ultimately revolving around human behaviour and social interaction. The result is a complex and demanding enigma, constantly providing answers, lessons and inspiration for daily life and indepth research. Written in auto-ethnographic style, the study represents the researcher’s personal experience in the restaurant industry, and of art, education and philosophies, all of which prompted a quest for dynamic strategies to emancipate and empower individuals towards sustainable personal development and growth. Concepts

collected through an ethnographic appreciative inquiry methodology, using story-telling interviews, sensitised a grounded theory collection method and coding process for theory development. A literature review reinforces theory building to ensure rigour of academic comparison and ethnographic research. Theory building identifies and focuses on inherent and acquired empowering elements.

These include what can be considered drivers, such as a person’s foundation, comprising physical, emotional and spiritual attributes; core, including family, friends and community to keep one intact and help build resilience; and factors, including those that link the human intellect to study, research and discovery for knowledge gain, and those that pivot toward the professional, financial and societal. Final theorising addresses the four abovementioned elements, namely: foundation, core, link and pivot that could help create a whole and balanced person.

The outcome is a framework and a spiral, which, given responsive atmospheres and constructive environments, creates the conditions necessary for the emancipation and empowerment of individuals. The significance of the study is that a person can apply the framework and spiral to become aware of a possible imbalance or deficiency, and of what may be improved for an empowered and emancipated life. Strategies and tactics can be applied to work on the redress of deficiencies, bearing in mind that in as much as there may be deficiencies, there are also points of value that sustain the individual while deficiencies are being addressed. This is a constantly evolving process, whereby individuals continuously acquire new awareness and motivation in an effort to keep living as stable a life as possible. Although the framework and spiral dynamic has its origins in restaurants, it is intended for any person and business to apply the framework and spiral for personal development and growth, and the freedom that results.

Academic Supervisor: Dr M Serfontein Field Supervisor: Dr G Crawford

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MGWENYA, John July Towards a Sustainable Transformational Framework for the Public Sector: A South African Case Study This thesis report discussed the formation of a sustainable transformational framework for the Gauteng Provincial Government in South Africa. It is based on case study research that investigated in depth a single unit of study, the Gauteng Department of Finance, located in Johannesburg.

The qualitative approach that was adopted generated a grounded explanation through case study description. In keeping with a constant comparative analysis, close attention was paid to the systemic environment in which the framework was developed, with specific attention focused on key actors and factors with which the transformation was associated.

An examination of the contextual history of organisational engineering initiatives in the Gauteng Provincial Government sphere reveals that, while there were noble intentions preempting organisational restructuring, the implementation thereof resulted in unintended consequences, such as unplanned periodic radical changes, people (employees) disillusionment and apathy, and a general perception of unsustainable and sometimes, unwarranted systemic change processes. The thesis develops a framework for sustainable transformation, suited to the contextual realities of the unit of study specifically, and to the larger macro environment of the Gauteng Provincial Government in general. Furthermore, it contributes new insight to the general body of knowledge on organisational transformation with particular reference to the Gauteng Provincial Government, a topic which to date has largely been neglected, and not made explicit, in the literature.

Academic Supervisor: Dr A Maneschijn

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MOLAPISI, Joseph Jente Nanotechnology innovation and commercialization: Creating a framework for South African industries The Department of Science and Technology has developed and is in the process of implementing the National Nanotechnology Strategy (NNS), which cabinet approved in 2005. Since implementation commenced in 2005/06, available data indicate that less than significant innovation has been realised to advance the goals of the strategy. As such, the main aim of the study was to develop a framework to create an environment for nanotechnology innovation and commercialisation so as to realise the goals of the NNS. Research was conducted at various research institutions, including universities, science councils and industry, to better understand the nanotechnology landscape and what impedes the conversion of nanotechnology research outputs to innovation. The outcome of the research confirmed the poor state of nanotechnology innovation in the country, lack of adequate nanotechnology innovation infrastructure, absent nanotechnology innovation leadership and insufficient focus on responsible development and application of nanotechnology. The universities’ poor focus on innovation and the industry’s poor state of readiness for nanotechnology uptake and poor innovation culture were found to be contributory factors that were largely responsible for the country’s inability to produce and commercialise nanotechnology-enhanced products. On the other hand, the research indicated that good knowledge generation work is being done by the country’s research institutions, with

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impressive rates of postgraduate students and publications generated. In addition a good number of institutions, particularly universities and science councils, were found to be involved in nanotechnology research and development.

Based on the outcome of the research, a framework, referred to as the Nanotechnology Innovation Wheel, was developed.

This framework is meant to create an environment for nanotechnology innovation and commercialisation by addressing the identified deficiencies in the nanotechnology innovation system. It further takes advantage of the good work being done by the country’s research institutions. The framework, if effectively implemented, will advance the goals of the National Nanotechnology Strategy and thereby position nanotechnology as the new economic building block. The Nanotechnology Innovation Wheel comprises three parts: (i) the outer Nanotechnology Science Engineering and Technology (SET) Leadership part; followed by (ii) the inner Innovation Cluster part (of academia, Science Councils, industry and a community of interest). The central part, which is the axle of the wheel, is the Responsible Development and Application part. The framework is applicable for each of the sectors or innovation products to be developed.

The Nanotechnology SET Leadership component of the framework is meant to address the identified challenge of the absence of appropriate nanotechnology innovation leadership and support better coordinated nanotechnology innovation activities in the country. The Nanotechnology Innovation Cluster component is intended to address the absence of innovation infrastructure and the country’s observed weak triple helix structure. At the heart of this

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component is the strategic interaction and collaboration among various role players in the nanotechnology innovation system. The axle of the Nanotechnology Innovation Wheel is the Responsible Development and Application component.

This will ensure that as nanotechnology is developed and as it finds application, efforts are expended at understanding its associated risks and developing mechanisms for the mitigation of these risks. Whilst the framework has three different components, its implementation should ensure their integration for the realisation of its value. It is envisaged that if effectively implemented the framework will create an environment for nanotechnology innovation and commercialisation, and enhance individual components of the system. As an example, effective implementation of the framework will help universities better focus on innovation, increase industry involvement and help advance industry’s readiness for nanotechnology innovation. It is also envisaged that the framework will address the poor innovation culture prevalent in the country.

Academic Supervisor: Dr CS Steyn Field Supervisor: Dr M Motuku

MUNZVENGI, Douglas Socio-economic challenges within developing economies: A Zimbabwean case study The lived experiences and beliefs inculcated in me by my background instilled the passion for a world of socioeconomic balance and low poverty levels characterised by the gap between the “haves” and the “have nots”. The paradox of the developing world remains deeply entrenched in the rural Ndanga villages in Zaka District, Zimbabwe, notwithstanding the vast natural resources, agriculturally congenial climatic conditions and availability of labour.

The burning issues arising from my lived experience in Zimbabwe and the Ndanga community include worsening poverty levels, high unemployment levels, decreasing life expectancy and increasing moral and ethical decay. (Poverty and underdevelopment arise from socially constructed local structural underdevelopment of people and their environments,) supported by extractive monetary and fiscal institutions and systems. The situation is exacerbated by the behavioural and psychological individualistic and capitalistic aggrandizement factors within commerce, leadership and society. The situation breeds social and economic vices such as corruption, mismanagement and marginalisation of others. It is in this background that I found myself engulfed by the burning desire for the economic emancipation of the people in the Ndanga community. The researcher finds himself motivated by the wave of emancipation carrying Muchineripi and Kada back to Chinyika, Gutu, Zimbabwe to liberate village people from poverty by growing indigenous crops such as rapoko for their staple consumption and commerce. Similar emancipatory journeys of going back to origins include that of Amilcar Cabral to liberate the country populace, and Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank to bring entrepreneurial capacity to the rural people of Bangladesh, among many others. My engagement with The Da Vinci Institute, South Africa reinforced this desire and the Ndanga community became the research community and ecosystem, comprising co-researchers, facilitators, catalysts and stewards. In embarking on the Da Vinci research integral journey following the Southern Relational path, the approach deviated from the conventional Westernised research approaches. The adopted four world transformation approach constituted the Da Vinci classroom and research community laboratories for understanding and application of the 4Cs

model, expounded in (C) Call, (C) Context, (C) Co-creation and (C) Contribution, that is synthesised with the EUREKA model to (E) Energise, (U) Understand, (R) Research, (E) Expertise / Educate, build (K)Know-how and (A) Actualise.

The Co-creation stage of the 4Cs model involved finding a homegrown solution to the poverty alleviation and socioeconomic emancipation of people in the rural Ndanga villages. The Southern Relational Path integral research at Cocreation adopted the GENE – (G) Grounding, (E) Emerging, (N) Navigating and (E) Effecting. The key tenets of the GENE were descriptive (method), phenomenology (methodology), feminism (critique) and participatory action research (action).

The essence of the integral research is contribution and influence to society; thus, it is from the Ndanga research community where the Karanga, African philosophy emerged.

It consists of togetherness, collectiveness, unity, solidarity, synergies, partnerships, camaraderie, co-operatives (Humwe) and the concept of investment and granaries (Dura), which combined into Humwe–iDura. The Humwe– iDura village banking and enterprises also emerged as a deviation from the conventional westernised banking concept. Humwe–iDura becomes the universalised African philosophy for creating well-to-do communities through the Humwe–iDura tenets of (i) survival and sustenance, (ii) equitable wealth creation, to improve the (iii) wellbeing of the individuals, households, organisations and communities in an environment driven by (iv) unity, harmony and stability for posterity.

Academic Supervisor: Dr SM Kada Field Supervisor: Dr JP Muchineripi

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MUTENGA, Tagarira Risk management and the application of the International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 31000, in the mining sector: A Zimbabwean Case Study All progressive and learning organisations are taking integrated risk management systems seriously. Integrated risk management, a deviation from the traditional siloapproach to risk management, evolved from the field of insurance management and was embraced in the banking sector following the aftermath of the corporate accounting scandals and global financial crisis in the 2000s. The financial services sector in Zimbabwe has embraced the tenets of integrated risk management in line with global trends. The uptake of integrated risk management in the mining sector in Zimbabwe has been slow despite the major investments that the sector has attracted in recent years. The purpose of this research is to develop an integrated risk management framework for mining entities in Zimbabwe. The “burning issue” that motivated the research is that risk management in mining traditionally focused on Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) management. A shift is required towards a holistic enterprise-wide focus that integrates strategic business risks, with SHE risks in response to corporate governance demands for protection of shareholder value. ISO 31 000 has become a standard of reference for organisations seeking to adopt and implement risk management frameworks. However, the standard does not provide guidelines on how to integrate risk management.

Zimplats Holdings Limited (Zimplats), a platinum mining company in Zimbabwe was adopted as a case study unit.

The Zimplats ISO 31000 risk management standard implementation experience was studied in the context of ”what was (historical)”, ”what is (current)” and ”what would be (future)” in searching for an answer to the research question. An Integral Research methodology involving multimethod approaches to investigating the case was adopted and the researcher applied a combination of qualitative methods namely ethnographic, phenomenological, focus group sessions, grounded theory, content analysis and discourse analysis research methods. An interpretivist research philosophy was followed in collecting data using observations, formal and informal interaction with Zimplats management through participatory approaches that covered risk management activities from 2010 to 2015.

The organisation, prior to ERM adoption, practised risk management through different risk and control agents coordinated by the SHE office using Business Management Systems based on OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 standards. Given the current mining challenges, such as, margin pressure in the face of low commodity prices, reliance on legacy management systems, increased compliance regulations and safety concerns, achieving lower production costs is central to the survival of a company. Holistic ERM innovation in the mining industry is geared towards achieving cost effectiveness and sustained stake-holder value. The case study showed that there are three major transformational opportunities that exist in mining risk management in terms of risk structures, risk management practices and information systems. These opportunities form the main pillars of an integrated risk management model that was developed during the study. The research outcomes recommended a systems approach to implementation of ISO 31000 in the mining industry. Systems theory provides an analytical framework for viewing organizations in a comprehensive way, based on “synergy and interdependence” across sub-systems and is useful in the internal processes of transformation.

Transformational innovation is important in helping the mining industry survive the post-boom years. Any contribution to the innovation opportunities in mining is a step in the right direction for the industry. This thesis offers integrated risk management innovation for mining to contribute towards the removal of silo-risk management and its attendant costly duplication in roles and systems.

Academic Supervisor: Dr JP Muchineripi Field Supervisor: Dr SM Kada

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NYAMBAYO, Andrew Integral development and marketing of mobile phone products and services for the improvement of livelihoods of rural people: A co-operative inquiry Most people living in rural Zimbabwe are beset by poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy caused by history, ecology, geography, colonialism and bad government policies. Living under these unbearable conditions results in low self esteem, low self-image, and, sometimes, feelings of hopelessness and depression. Many scholars, development agencies and practitioners agree that mobile phone services can be decisive catalysts and enablers in alleviating the socioeconomic challenges leading to improved quality of life.

This is possible through rapid dissemination of knowledge/ information and facilitation of business and financial transactions especially for poor and marginalised people in remote areas. Therefore, this research entailed an inquiry into “integral development and marketing of mobile phone products and services for the improvement of livelihoods and wellbeing of rural people”. Cooperative inquiry was undertaken within the Domboshawa and Murewa rural areas in Mashonaland East Province, Econet Wireless Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd (Econet) and Pundutso Centre for Integral Research (Pundutso). The research followed the Four Worlds Model (FWM) and the 4C concept starting from Calling to Context to Co-creation and ended up with Contribution. The starting point was the narrative method (calling) where “our stories emerged leading to a gripping drama”. The research was founded in hermeneutics (context), the subject and theory of interpretations, where imbalances that inhibit mobile phone adoption were unearthed with a view to resolving them. Navigating and emancipation (Co-creation) was

done through critical theory and feminism where current assumptions, attitudes and experiences that mitigate against the development and marketing of mobile phone services to rural communities were critiqued so that new ways could be found to emancipate people through adoption of higher level mobile phone services such as mobile money, mobile agriculture and mobile education. Finally, transformative education (contribution) was enabled through co-operative inquiry with the Econet, Pundutso, Murewa and Domboshawa communities. Co-inquirers touched base with the four modes of knowing (ie experiential, presentational, conceptual and practical) as they engaged and participated epistemically and politically. The co-operative inquiry culminated in the Integral Marketing Model (IMM) for developing rural mobile phone services. The model advances that if Econet operates with hunhu/ubuntu values of sharing, caring and inclusivity, then it is capacitated to invest towards a reliable and efficient mobile network, develop and market products that are useful and affordable, evolve customer knowledge on products and services and also offer customers good aftersales support. This results in more rural people using mobile phone services leading to economic, social, political, physical and mental emancipation or improvement. The inquiry also gave rise to the Mobile Farming Support Model (MFSM). The MFSM proposes that the quality of rural life can be significantly improved if Econet supports agriculture by providing relevant and timely farming information, facilitating communication among farmers and relevant stakeholders of suppliers, extensions officers and buyers, and also facilitating financial transactions and making relevant market price information available. The cooperative inquiry also found that rural customers prefer to “pull” information from Econet at their convenience instead of having “pushed” information by Econet. Customers would like to try new services before subscribing. They also want Econet to make it easy to opt in and out of services. In addition, customers want to be adequately informed about total service costs in understandable language. To continue assessing, analysing and implementing the models, concepts and frameworks, the researcher and three colleagues established the Integral Knowledge Institute of Technology (IKIT). IKIT combines indigenous and exogenous knowledge in order to produce emancipatory knowledge for rural people’s transformation.

Academic Supervisor: Prof A Schieffer Field Supervisor: Prof R Lessem

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PARKER, Jean Karen Transformative emergency preparedness education: Utilizing community media strategies in rural India The theme of this Research-to-Innovation is transformative emergency preparedness education utilising community media strategies in rural North India. The central question is how community radio stations in India can be developed as a resource for creating “safer communities” and educating communities about emergency preparedness.

Using the Eastern Path of Renewal of the Integral Research approach and the transformational typography, both developed by Ronnie Lessem and Alexander Schieffer, the location of the North Indian state of Uttarakhand is described as mountainous, environmentally fragile and populated by small farming villages whose residents subscribe to ancestral and mythological beliefs about the causes of disasters. Integral Worlds, through the Eastern Path of Renewal, provides access to the cultural and spiritual roots of these communities, enabling their ancestral wisdom to become an important resource for mitigating the impacts of disasters and aligning educational efforts with cultural priorities. The social landscape, including rural/urban, gender, class, caste, and economic stratifications, is explored through trans-disciplinary, trans-cultural, trans-personal and transformative analysis.

A survey of overall disaster management, particularly in India, identifies human interaction with the environment as the reasons for the increase in the number and severity of disasters. The economic and political forces in Uttarakhand in particular leave little room for a reversal of the trend toward environmental degradation. It is therefore understandable that protection of the environment became

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the entry point for exploring emergency preparedness. The disproportionately high amount of funding for post-disaster research and the need for more funding of pre-disaster emergency preparedness research is also examined.

A unique aspect is an examination of the ways in which scientific technology and ancient traditions combine to promote social innovation. Technology, Innovation, People, Systems (TIPS™) is a framework for understanding how social innovation took place through both social and scientific technology, training of radio programme makers, the protocols they developed for future efforts, and the innovations they made. A co-operative inquiry process brought forth the voices of the people in the Uttarakhand communities to describe the many discoveries of the research. Literature in the field was examined through a hermeneutic lens and Critical Theory is used to present emancipatory new literature and ideas demonstrating that an examination of power relationships and imbalances, together with the global contribution of Integral Worlds, opening up new possibilities for re-imagining emergency preparedness using community radio. This has led to the development of the foundation of a new theory called Intercritical Action Research-to-Innovation, which combines Critical Theory with Integral Worlds, providing a lens through which to analyse local power positions together with global influences. The outcomes of the research include documenting how community radio stations in rural India can become an integral part of an overall strategy of emergency preparedness education. A great deal of consciousness-raising was experienced by listeners and station staff members. This increase in awareness about the causes of disasters has resulted in concrete action by both village leadership and individual households to mitigate the impacts of future emergencies. By using modern-day technology in the form of radio, residents of the villages that participated in the research are enabling their ancestral wisdom and spiritual connection to the environment to come forth as an integral part of an overall “safer community” strategy. Finally, the contribution of the Uttarakhand communities is becoming globalised through the publication of a training manual for community radio stations in Nepal on emergency preparedness. This publication has the potential to benefit community radio stations throughout the world by providing valuable fieldtested information on utilising community radio as a tool for education about emergency preparedness.

Academic Supervisor: Prof A Schieffer Field Supervisor: Prof R Lessem

POOLO, Ishmael Joel The relevance of Smart Metering technologies for electricity utilities: A South African case study The topic was of special interest because it involves relatively new technology in South Africa and the researcher operates a business in the same field. The researcher aspires to be at the forefront of smart metering technologies and, as such, endeavours to keep abreast of the best practices in the deployment of smart meter technologies. The main goal of the research was to seek and find the best approach in positioning smart metering for the South African landscape.

This goal was further expanded by breaking it down into sub-sections in order to achieve ease of solution crafting, structuring and planning. The sub-sections and their accompanying questions sought to investigate South African utilities enterprises’ understanding of the objectives and benefits of smart metering, whether there are capabilities and resources to achieve successful implementation, or barriers to the best cost-effective deployment and, if so, how they could best be addressed. The researcher used qualitative research methodology to explore the ability of electricity utilities to map the benefits that could potentially be realised by rolling out a smart metering system based on best practices. This methodology highlighted how lack of capacity and competences within some utilities, and the design requirements of the best system, are linked to the realisation of the full benefits of the smart metering projects. Qualitative methodology was used to identify the barriers to the best cost-effective deployment of smart metering. The barriers can be used as a basis for measuring implementation success. A literature review on related

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6 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH OUTPUT: NQF LEVEL 10

smart metering research work was conducted and trends in the smart metering market were identified as part of the process of arriving at the best positioning approach for smart metering roll-out. Observations from the literature review and field research suggest that smart metering deployment will make it easier for electricity utilities to match electricity demand with generation capacity. It will also enable energy consumption management that will yield energy savings and efficient peak load management through the use of customer information.

The research has also identified some of the following smart metering benefits that are key targets: • Remote metering • Accurate billing • Remote disconnection from and connection of power supply to customers • Minimisation of electricity losses through illegal connections • Lowered operational costs and better communication between electricity utilities and customers.

The implementation of smart metering systems in South Africa, however, is primarily driven by individual electricity distributors whose key objectives are to manage revenue collection and eliminate costs associated with meter reading and the potential errors associated with manual meter reading. These narrow criteria carry the risk of deployment of a sub-optimum smart metering system that does not deliver the full potential benefits to stake-holders.

34 DA VINCI RESEARCH REPORT

The positioning of smart metering for the South African landscape was established to be dependent on the following factors: • Vision of the utility • Business case • Size of utility • Funding source/model • Technology to be rolled out • Political affiliation of customers (control) • Customer social circumstances • Legislative environment • Customer engagement • Capacity to implement and run smart metering • Utility skills set • IT infrastructure.

The applicability of some of these factors will be dependent on the utility in question. The key consideration for the positioning of smart metering for the South African landscape will be to ensure that each of the factors is taken into account, and the strategy for the individual utility is customised to address these factors.

Academic Supervisor: Dr MA Monareng Field Supervisor: Dr BV Msengwana

SINGH, Sunjesh Operational incident experience and business improvement: Creating a performance framework for electricity utilities Error and incident management is an accepted requisite in the power utility industry for improving asset reliability and availability, as well as curtailing safety-related events. Utility errors are a combination of innate human error tendencies and error inducing situations, which combine with challenging conditions to result in an incident. A systems approach to error management can provide the source for understanding the causes of organisational mishaps. The research objectives are supported by a comprehensive literature review on error classification and management. Current error theories, taxonomies and methods are unable to sufficiently support

these environments. This leads to the examination of a new approach to understanding error within utilities. The research also brings together useful insights from collective incident analysis and the strengths of the experiences and knowledge gained in incident investigations at the South African electrical utility, Eskom. This thesis describes the approach to the study, the data collected and the analysis performed, and provides the analytical results that support the use an organisational response system, called the Utility Framework for Business Improvement (Utility FBI), of such a framework.

The UFBI framework incorporates a trending component to analyse the entire systems defects and allows a “gap analysis� to be performed. BEAM is the chief antagonist for reducing such defects. Interventions or modifications based on the BEAM analyses are geared to fortify the system or plant under analysis. Trending and monitoring the success of these interventions via a post BEAM analysis confirms the success of the intervention and if the desired effect was realised. An error management strategy embracing the Utility FBI and BEAM leads to an overall incident reduction that is beneficial for all organisations and can be measured in both tangible and intangible means. The proactive use of tools such as BEAM can provide safety learnings to an organisation without the costs associated with an incident.

Applying BEAM as a preventive tool allows an organisation to shift its focus from investigation findings to proactive error reduction. This thesis concludes with a brief summary of the contributions that it makes to the field of error and incident management in power utilities.

Academic Supervisor: Dr HA van der Linde Field Supervisor: Ms R Smith

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6 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH OUTPUT: NQF LEVEL 10

TLHAGALE, Mamohloding Agnes Creating a policy framework for the establishment of a sustainable bio-economy: A South African Case Study The primary aim of this qualitative research was to develop a bio-economy policy framework that could be used as a guide to drive South Africa’s realisation of the full bioeconomic potential in addressing social, economic and environmental challenges through innovation. Using the health innovation as a test bed, the researcher developed the policy framework that could be used to fast track the implementation of the health innovation and bio-economic activities in South Africa. The researcher collected information that was necessary to respond to the main research question of “what are the policy requirements for South Africa to derive maximum benefit out of the health innovation and bio-economy?� through one-on-one interviews with a randomly selected and well represented sample of South African health innovation stakeholders.

The researcher identified and recorded new gaps in the South African health innovation system in addition to those reported in the literature and the bio-economy strategy. The

gaps are mainly caused by a lack of or insufficient resources dedicated to the implementation of the bio-economy strategy. The new gaps provide a better understanding and insight into the state of the South African health innovation system, and to some extent the challenges in developing and implementing the bio-economy strategy. The gaps also provide evidence that there are still systemic challenges disabling the implementation of all the stages of the health innovation value chain, especially those translating the health research and innovation results into value added bio-based products, services and processes.

Noting the strengths within the South African health innovation sector that are not fully exploited, the research further identified key policy requirements that could, when combined with the strengths, lead to an effective and efficient implementation of the South African health innovation and bio-economy activities. The main proposed activities that require urgent attention include increasing investment in bio-economic research, development, and innovation (RDI) and capacity-building activities; systemic planning and implementation and joint prioritisation of the health innovation and bio-economy activities; and continuous monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of these activities. The research proposes that the planning and implementation of these activities be led by a bioeconomy delivery unit (DU) that should be established and report to the government Coordination Committee (CC).

The successful implementation of the proposed health innovation and bio-economy activities by the DU will still require strong and strategic government leadership and support, consistent and sufficient financial resources, skilled human capacity, and efficient regulatory framework conditions that support and enable innovation. In addition, it will require strategic partnerships with the private sector, foreign direct investors and venture capitalists. And if well-implemented and coordinated, the bio-economy activities will play an important role in driving the national response to the challenges of poor health, unemployment and inequality as identified in the South African National Development Plan (NDP).

Academic Supervisor: Prof R Marcus Field Supervisor: Dr S Lennon

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UBOGU, Olufunmilayo Itunu Creating a responsive person-centered Health Care service for people living with HIV/Aids In recent times globally, there has been an increase in the use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine.

While some countries have fully integrated these types of medicine into their healthcare system, South Africa is yet to give traditional medicine the credit it deserves. The traditional Health Practitioners Act 22 of 2007 shows that the country is not completely against integration. Despite non-integration, 80% of the South African population use this option, sometimes without informing the healthcare workers of its use and sometimes keeping its use secret.

Like conventional medicine, traditional medicine, also known as ethno medicine, is not without risk, but according to the World Health Organisation, it generates billions of dollars as revenue. The ideal is that there should be open and free discussion of the use of traditional medicine/complementary and alternative medicine with healthcare practitioners. This will guard against drug interaction and other associated risks. This is crucial in optimising all the available choices for the population, especially where empirical evidence has demonstrated that the use of traditional medicine/ complementary and alternative medicine is a reality among people using conventional medicine. Integration will foster good relationships between traditional healers and Western medical practitioners and encourage the use of traditional medicine in a more controlled and safe form alongside traditional medicine. In South Africa, cultural diversity has

not been fully acknowledged where healthcare is concerned and so, currently only conventional medicine is practised in government health facilities, without any consideration of integrating complementary and alternative medicine/ traditional medicine. South African public health facilities battle to cope with the financial and human resources demands of healthcare and the country has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in the world. One HIV/AIDS intervention is the national HCT campaign of 2010 which was covered in the first part of this study. The second part of the study seeks to test the usage of traditional medicine/complementary and alternative medicine in two HIV/AIDS clinics. This was to observe whether the clinics validate the notion that 80% of the populace use other means of healthcare with their conventional anti-retroviral medicines. In the first part of the study, 16-month data of citizens who presented for the HCT campaign drive at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) and Helen Joseph Hospital (HJH) was analysed through a retrospective record review.

Those who presented during the campaign were supposed to be screened for HIV as well as other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and anaemia. Taking a survey of these chronic diseases during this time would enable people who are unknowingly sufferers of these diseases to receive medical attention for better management. In the second part, questionnaires were administered to 400 HIV positive patients at the first research centre and 600 HIV positive patients at the second research centre using the Likert Scale, to obtain their views on the usage of traditional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as their opinions on services rendered in the HIV clinics. Results showed that while some HIV positive patients use traditional medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, the number is not significant in comparison with the 80% population as suggested in literature.

Academic Supervisor: Prof M Herholdt Field Supervisor: Dr S Armstrong

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7 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH OUTPUT

NQF LEVEL 9

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BLENNIES, Vincent Investigating the readiness for implementing and sustaining an innovation culture: A Netcare 911 Survey Academic Supervisor: Mr I Engelbrecht

CLAASEN, Llewellyn – Cum Laude Understanding the decision criteria utilized by Business Angels within South Africa: A systems perspective Academic Supervisor: Dr RJ Pesic Field Supervisor: Dr T Brown

BOSCH, Aubrey Albertus Customer service within the financial services sector: A First National Bank (FNB) study Academic Supervisor: Dr L Chipunza Field Supervisor: Mr CJ Grové

D’ALLENDE, Kevin George Joseph The success of spaza shop-owners and their contribution to socio -economic development: The case of the Langa township Academic Supervisor: Prof R Thakathi Field Supervisor: Mr I Mohamed

BURGER, Benjamin Frederik Action Management: Analysing and optimising business processes Academic Supervisor: Mr A Vermaak Field Supervisor: Dr L Botha

BUYS, Stefanus Daniël Leadership development: An energy utility perspective with specific reference to Eskom South Africa Academic Supervisor: Mr R Page-Shipp Field Supervisor: Mr N Sokhulu

CHAUKE, Sybil Penelope Nodumo (Posthumus) Factors impacting on laboratory processes and turnaround time: A South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) Case Study Academic Supervisor: Mr DM Matsapola Field Supervisor: Mr P Broere

FOURIE, Juliette – Cum Laude Utilizing workplace simulators within the international logistics environment to increase performance and productivity Academic Supervisor: Dr SA Lloyd Field Supervisor: CF Kelly

JONHERA, Takaedza The use of Information Communication Technology as a strategy for improved business performance at a vehicle inspectorate department: A Zimbabwean study Academic Supervisor: Dr PC Muchineripi Field Supervisor: Dr S Kada

LEHASA, Nompumelelo Maria The evaluation of a cost estimation system within Eskom: A Survey Academic Supervisor: Mr A Vermaak Field Supervisor: Mr C Potgieter

CHIMANDA, Munyaradzi Fidelis Manufacturing in Zimbabwe: The Astra Paints Case Study for sustainable co-existence Academic Supervisor: Dr R Viljoen Field Supervisor: Dr SM Kada

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7 INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH OUTPUT: NQF LEVEL 9

KANGONI, Jeremy A culture of innovation – The key to the survival of the Zimbabwe motor industry in the face of globalization Academic Supervisor: Dr PC Muchineripi Field Supervisor: Dr S Kada

KATZ, Eli Ronen The viability of innovative finance models for mixed-use property developments in South Africa: An explorative study Academic Supervisor: Dr L Meyer Field Supervisor: Mr G Mavunga

MAHOMED, Faradh Comparing traditional rating based scorecard performance appraisals with outcomes based remuneration models: A Financial Services Sector perspective Academic Supervisor: Mr A Vermaak Field Supervisor: Mrs P Rajmoney

MAKAMU, Nghezimani Elvis Drivers for optimal total quality management within the ANC parliamentary context Academic Supervisor: Dr C Steyn Field Supervisor: Mr HG Baloyi

KHUMALO, Moses Sipho Nkonzo Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the procurement function as it relates to project execution within Eskom Academic Supervisor: Dr A van der Linde Field Supervisor: Dr MF Tshehla

MAKANGIRA, Alexander Transformation of rural communities and migrating human resources: Creating sustainable linkages Academic Supervisor: Dr R Viljoen Field Supervisor: Dr S Kada

KOLANISI, Andile Monwabisi Employee perception and organizational transformation within the public sector: A South African perspective Academic Supervisor: Dr R Viljoen Field Supervisor: Dr ND Makhado

MAKUVAZA, Samuel Transforming rural people’s livelihoods by using alternative sources of energy - The case of the Magaya Village in Zimbabwe Academic Supervisor: Dr S Kada Field Supervisor: Dr PC Muchineripi

MABE, Madibi Sannie Determining the effect of employee empowerment on service quality and customer satisfaction: A South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) Case Study Academic Supervisor: Mr DM Matsapola Field Supervisor: Mr JS Morobi

MAREE, Yolande – Cum Laude Project performance in executing capital projects: An Eskom Case Study Academic Supervisor: Dr RB van Buuren Field Supervisor: Mr D Du Plooy

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MASANGO, Abram Abie – Cum Laude Utilization of automated coal blending and quality monitoring systems to improve plant performance and containment of costs within Eskom Academic Supervisor: Dr AM Monareng Field Supervisor: Ms LA Leboela

MUNYAKA, Raymond From Land Reform to Land Reform: The Bende-Nyangui Community case study for social and economic transformation Academic Supervisor: Dr PC Muchineripi Field Supervisor: Dr SM Kada

MBHELE, Lindani Welcome Maintenance strategies for enhanced customer support within Eskom: A systems perspective Academic Supervisor: Dr H Smuts Field Supervisor: Mr S Ngwenya

NAIDU, Vernon The role of transformational leadership and organisational commitment to enable technology solutions within the South African Revenue Services Academic Supervisor: Prof CM Schultz Field Supervisor: Dr RJ Carolissen

MDAKANE, Bheki Stakeholder engagement and the implementation of Social and Labour Plans (SLPs) within the Mining Sector: A South African Case Study Academic Supervisor: Dr L Meyer Field Supervisor: Dr F Mphephu

MOHIDIEN, Farhaana A comparative analysis of a segmentation framework designed for Insurance Marketing and a traditional Banking Segmentation model: A South African Case Study Academic Supervisor: Dr P Naidoo Field Supervisor: Mr I Sokhulu

MOPAKI, Oupa February Utilising the balanced scorecard measurement for organizational performance: The Media, Information and Communication Technologies Sector Education and Training Authority (MICT SETA) Case Study Academic Supervisor: Mr A Mutono

REEL, Sheena Adoption of end-to-end encryption and tokenization technologies in South Africa: A South African case study Academic Supervisor: Mr Q Laljit Field Supervisor: Mr P Devine

SETHUSA, Zanele Cynthia Factors affecting power delivery at an energy utility: An Eskom case study Academic Supervisor: Mr A Vermaak Field Supervisor: Mr V Shikoana

SITI, John The centralisation of Information Technology and the delivery of financial investment services: A Rand Merchant Bank Case Study Field Supervisor: Diana Acosta Alarcon

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8 EXTERNALLY FUNDED RESEARCH PROJECTS 42 DA VINCI RESEARCH REPORT

BILL VENTER ACADEMY Bill Venter Academy requested the design and delivery of a Masters qualification in The Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI), which will recognise those who have the required competence to serve in transformation management and leadership positions within the organisation, as well as to produce life-long learners who will be equipped to initiate socio-economic transformation within South Africa. Students who achieve this qualification are able to, amongst others, initiate organisational change, integrate systemic principles in solving organisational problems, incorporate the Management of Technology, Innovation, People and Systems (TIPS) principles into business planning processes.

ESKOM Eskom requested The Institute to deliver a Masters qualification in the Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI) applied to prospective project managers within the energy sector. The programme focussed on developing employees who will be able to fill various roles in project planning, execution and control. The programme aims to develop the key elements behind the implementation of projects in a holistic way which is further enhanced by comparative analyses and multiple methods. Based on an innovative approach to programme design in which the tacit knowledge of experts is captured, students are exposed to the latest thinking on project management.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK First National Bank identified the need for a Masters qualification in the Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI) for prospective managerial leaders within FNB. The focus of the programme is to develop managerial leaders for the banking sector, using the management of Technology, Innovation, People and Systems as a starting point.

GLOBAL BUSINESS SOLUTIONS Global Business Solutions requested The Institute to deliver a customised MSc qualification in the Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI) aimed at developing a holistic understanding of labour law within the context of the new world of work. The programme has been carefully structured to enable students to make a value judgement on how to improve the labour law performance of their operations through the selection and application of a blend of technologies and other skills relevant to their markets.

SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS The South African Bureau of Standards identified the need for a Masters qualification in the Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI) applied to prospective managerial leaders within the SABS. The focus is to produce life-long students who are equipped to contribute towards the debate on socioeconomic transformation and managerial leadership within South Africa.

SERVICES SETA The Services SETA required the development of their executives within the sector to ensure a strong and broad skills base for the economy, and in particular, to enable the candidates to make a greater contribution in creating business benefit within the Services Sector. The Institute was thus enlisted to develop and deliver a Masters qualification, which included providing a series of interventions that inculcated new and relevant skills to enable candidates to identify innovative ways of solving growing challenges within their work environments. Providing a learning environment that builds on the ability of candidates to make appropriate changes, improve on operational efficiency, together with an immediate benefit to their workplace, was vital. This programme positions the Services SETA as a significant organisation that is able to make an important contribution to the development of its membership base.

GAUTENG SHARED SERVICE CENTRE Gauteng Shared Services identified the need for a Management Development Programme to inculcate an awareness of technology and innovation management. Key to the success of the programmes was that the intervention had to be both relevant and delivered in a format where maximum benefit would be achieved. The Institute has successfully developed and delivered the Management Development Programme according to Gauteng Shared Services’ specific requirements, and will continue to provide a learning experience to students.

TELKOM In its commitment to ensure that senior management are appropriately skilled to participate effectively in strategic planning and operational decisions, Telkom SA requested the design of a Management Development Programme.

The programme is focussed on exposing candidates to a range of telecommunication technologies and management processes.

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9 THE 2016 ANNUAL DA VINCI COUNCIL AWARDS 44 DA VINCI RESEARCH REPORT

These awards are conferred on graduates who, over and above their scholarly contributions, have displayed exceptional characteristics. These awards are awarded annually.

THE BENJAMIN ANDERSON AWARD FOR WORK BASED LEARNING In view of the fact that the first cohort of BCom students graduated in 2015, a new Council award for academic excellence was instituted, aimed at recognising outstanding performance in respect of the BCom qualification. A central feature of the BCom qualification is the Work Based Challenge (WBC) – an approach unique to The Da Vinci Institute. The award is presented to a student who has passed the BCom degree Cum Laude; and has achieved a minimum of 75% in the Work Based Challenge (assignments.)

Recipient: Ms Anne-Marie Schutte

THE DA VINCI PRESIDENT’S AWARD The Da Vinci President Award recognises students who, through excellence in applied research, contribute to an alternative understanding of what constitutes the Da Vinci Institute’s offerings related to Managerial Leadership in the Management of Technology, Innovation, People and Systems. The student(s) should, through research activities, demonstrate an unquestionable contribution(s) towards the creation of new knowledge and application as related to the Management of Technology, the Management of Innovation, the Management of People and the Management of Systems within a specific organisational context.

Recipient: Dr Rooksana Rajab

THE NATALIE DU TOIT AWARD This award recognises individuals who display persistence, cheerfulness, a sense of adventure, tenacity, courage and helpfulness to others and who have either ably balanced their academic studies with extramural activities, or have balanced their achievements with real life challenges and opportunities in such a way as to benefit society at large.

Recipient: Dr Ronewa Mulea

THE DA VINCI COMMUNITY SERVICES AWARD The Da Vinci Institute has incorporated Community Services as a key component in all offerings to clients. This award recognises students who demonstrate a commitment towards community involvement and who have included community activities into their learning and research.

Recipient: Dr Winfrida Mhaka

THE DA VINCI MANDALA RESEARCH AWARD The Mandala is a symbol of integrating different parts into a synthesized archetype of subjective truth. The more we become integrated, or the more a piece of work is integrated, the more authentic it becomes in the strive towards wholeness.

Recipient: Dr Rean du Plessis

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9 THE 2016 ANNUAL DA VINCI COUNCIL AWARDS

THE DA VINCI PHD EXCELLENCE AWARD The aim of the Da Vinci PhD Excellence Award is firstly, to acknowledge academic excellence demonstrated by a Da Vinci PhD graduate; secondly, to serve as an example of excellence for other Da Vinci students; and thirdly, to promote The Da Vinci Institute through the quality of the students’ work.

Recipient: Dr Mary Ritz

THE DA VINCI LAUREATE AWARD: SOCIAL ARCHITECTURE A Da Vinci Laureate is expected to provide insights into complex systems and to contribute to society at large.

They are also recognised for honourable service to their country through applied engagements. Laureates distinguish themselves by engaging in specific domains within society and thereby contribute to the reconfiguration of the social system.

Recipient: Sir Johnny Clegg

Clegg was born in Bacup, near Rochdale, England, in 1953, to an English father and Zimbabwean mother. He was brought up in his mother’s native land of Zimbabwe.

Whilst lecturing Anthropology at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, Clegg worked on the concept of blending English lyrics and Western melodies with Zulu musical structures. Over three decades, Johnny Clegg has sold over five million albums of his brand of crossover music worldwide. He has campaigned against the injustice of Apartheid South Africa and been instrumental

46 DA VINCI RESEARCH REPORT

in putting the new South Africa on the map as a cultural ambassador. His music was subjected to censorship and internal restrictions on the state-owned radio and the only way to access an audience was through touring. This brought him and his group into conflict with authorities due to the Group Areas Act, which enforced the geographical separation of race groups and their cultural facilities. At this time they could only play in private venues as the law forbade mixed race performances in public venues and spaces. The battleground of public versus private performances was often challenged by the security police who attempted to close these down whenever they could.

Many shows were closed down but not enough to prevent the emergence of a substantial following of students and migrant workers. Johnny Clegg has performed at all four of Nelson Mandela’s 46664 Aids Awareness Concerts in South Africa and in Norway. Mandela has joined him on stage during the rendition of “Asimbonanga”, a song written by Johnny about Mandela. Clegg was recently awarded honorary doctorates from Dartmouth College, CUNY, UKZN and University of the Witwatersrand. He is a former Grammy nominee and Billboard Music Award winner. In France, where he enjoys a massive following, he is fondly called Le Zulu Blanc – the white Zulu.

10 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS PROGRAMME

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2016 47

10 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS PROGRAMME

The TT100 Awards Programme, with support from various partners (including The Department of Science and Technology, Eskom, PwC and the IDC) was launched in 1991 by the South African Engineering Association (SAVI).

The programme has (been) focused on drawing attention to the importance of developing a local culture of technological innovation and excellence. TT100 has evolved into one of the foremost business awards programmes that laud South African companies for their prowess in the Management of Technology, Innovation, People, Systems, Research and

Sustainability, regardless of their industry. The programme is an effective vehicle for achieving growth and innovation advancement in our country, while raising awareness of the critical need for South African companies to embrace the Management of Technology, Innovation and People in a systemic and sustainable manner. Since 1994, TT100 has enjoyed strong endorsement by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) as the major government sponsor. The TT100 Programme forms an integral part of The Institute’s annual business operations.

The winners and finalists for the 2016 TT100 Business Innovation Awards Programme in each category are: MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY CATEGORY Emerging enterprise Winner: SVA Innovate

Small enterprise Winner: Technetium

Finalists: RocketMine Aerial Data Solutions JoinCircles Niche Integrated Solutions

Finalists: X/procure Software SA Agilitude COLONYHQ Hazleton Pumps International

Medium enterprise Winner: Cornastone Telecommunications

Large enterprise Winner: Allied Electronics Corporation Limited

Finalists: SSG Consulting Accsys

Finalists: De Beers Technologies South Africa (DebTech) PFK Electronics

Medium enterprise Winner: Cornastone Telecommunications

Large enterprise Winner: Allied Electronics Corporation

Finalists: Accsys SSG Consulting

Finalists: De Beers Technologies South Africa (DebTech) Altech Netstar

Medium enterprise Winner: Accsys

Large enterprise Winner: PFK Electronics

Finalists: Cornastone Telecommunications Five Friday

Finalists: Allied Electronics Corporation African Oxygen Altech Multimedia

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION CATEGORY Emerging enterprise Winner: SVA Innovate

Small enterprise Winner: COLONYHQ

Finalists: IoT.nxt Tuluntulu

Finalists: Technetium X/procure Software SA Hazleton Pumps International Khonology LucidView BOSS Office Projects Systemic Logic Innovation Agency

MANAGEMENT OF PEOPLE CATEGORY Emerging enterprise Winner: No winner Finalists: RocketMine Aerial Data Solutions SVA Innovate

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Small enterprise Winner: X/procure Software SA Finalists: COLONYHQ Metro Minds

MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMS CATEGORY Emerging enterprise Winner: Kirkonsult

Small enterprise Winner: Khonology

Medium enterprise Winner: Accsys

Finalists: Memeza Shout

Finalists: COLONYHQ Systemic Logic Innovation Agency

Finalists: SSG Consulting

Large enterprise Winner: Allied Electronics Corporation Finalists: I CAT Environmental Solutions Altech Netstar Altech Multimedia

BLANK CANVAS INTERNATIONAL AWARD FOR SUSTAINABILITY Emerging enterprise Winner: SVA Innovate Finalists: RocketMine Aerial Data Solutions Tuluntulu

Small enterprise Winner: COLONYHQ Systemic Logic Innovation Agency

Medium enterprise Winner: Accsys Cornastone Telecommunications

Large enterprise Winner: Allied Electronics Corporation PFK Electronics

Finalists: X/procure Software SA Khonology

Finalists: SSG Consulting

Finalists: De Beers Technologies South Africa (DebTech)

DIRECTOR-GENERAL AWARD FOR OVERALL EXCELLENCE Emerging enterprise Winner: SVA Innovate

Small enterprise Winner: COLONYHQ

Finalists: RocketMine Aerial Data Solutions Tuluntulu

Finalists: X/procure Software SA Khonology

MINISTER AWARD FOR OVERALL EXCELLENCE Medium enterprise Winner: Accsys

Large enterprise Winner: Allied Electronics Corporation

Finalists: Cornastone Telecommunications SSG Consulting

Finalists: De Beers Technologies South Africa (DebTech) Altech Netstar

2016 49

11 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCES 50 DA VINCI RESEARCH REPORT

Researchers, including students, staff and alumni have the right and the duty to publish research findings in scientific journals, books and/or other media.

The following contributions were published or forwarded for publication during 2016: CONFERENCE PAPERS Chinangure F, Musundire A & Mumanyi O. 2016. Reflections on teacher challenges in the utilization of a Grade 7 Primary Mathematics textbook in rural schools of Zimbabwe.

Chinangure F, Musundire A & Mumanyi O. 2016. An investigation into how three African cultural games can be adopted linked to contemporary methods and used to teach the concept of division to grade four learners.

Chinangure F, Musundire A & Mumanyi O. 2016.

Implications of linking the Concrete-RepresentationalAbstract (CRA) based instructional approach and technological developments in Maths teaching: A cognitive theoretical perspective.

Musundire A. Ndoziva C. & Mumanyi O. 2016. Reflecting implications of blending ICT competencies and teaching and learning theories in responsive and innovative pedagogies: Perceptions of Higher Education practitioners in South Africa.

Musundire A. Ndoziva C. & Mumanyi O. 2016. Ascertaining funding Higher Education – Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects: The rate of return of investment and human capital theoretical perspectives.

Musundire A. Ndoziva C. & Mumanyi O. 2016. Alternative paradigms and emerging directions in the scholarship of teaching and learning in Higher Education.

PUBLISHED ARTICLES/BOOKS Bhebhe V. 2016. SMMeS capacity influence on customer satisfaction, relationship marketing and business performance in an emerging market.

Du Plessis R. The influence of the spiritual self of the corporate leader on sustainable business results Matupire PM. 2016. Integral UBUNTU leadership: Africa’s unique contribution to a world on fire Mopaki 0. & Mutono A. 2016. The Balanced Scorecard System as a Performance Measurement Tool for Public Sector Organisations: The Case of the Media Information Communications Technology Sector Education Training Authority (MICT-SETA), Republic of South Africa. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, ISSN: 22310843, Vol.: 18, Issue.: 1

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11 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCES

Mutono A. & Dagada P. 2016. An investigation of Mobile learning readiness for Post-School Education and Training in South Africa using the Technology Acceptance model Mutono A. & Dagada P. 2016. Learners’ Acceptance of Mobile Learning for Post-School Education and Training in South Africa Padayachee Y. & Duma M. 2016. Introducing an Integrated Innovation Governance Framework (I2GF). In ICIE2016Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship: ICIE2016(p. 393).

Academic Conferences and publishing limited.

Padayachee Y. & Duma M. 2016. The Missing Link: An Innovation Governance Framework for Large Organisations.

Ritz M. 2016. Customer Centricity: A Sense Making Framework for Developing Economies: LAMBERT Academic Publishing {BOOK} Ritz M. 2016. Customer management: creating a sensemaking framework for developing economies. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), pp.24-65. Vol.4, No.2, pp.24-65, March 2016 Rushesha TS. 2016. Afrintuneurship. Integral Green Zimbabwe: An African Phoenix Rising, p.133.

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Rushesha TS. 2016. Globalisation of Entrepreneurship to Afrintuneurship as an Ontology in Enterprise Development: A Case of Zimbabwe was accepted and published by the Asian Journal of Management of Sciences and Economics (ASJME) PUBLISHABLE ARTICLES Lloyd S. 2016. Vocational Education: Scan of definitions of vocational education; vocationally oriented education; professionalism; professionalization; professional; occupational qualifications; workplace learning.

Lloyd S. 2016. Impact of the joint statutes governing transfer of credits between higher education institutions on credit accumulation and transfer (CAT) and recognition of prior learning (RPL).

Lloyd S. 2016. Tuning, Credits, Learning Outcomes and Quality: A contribution to harmonization and the space for higher education in Africa.

Kasu E. 2016. Juxtaposing Ubuntu values, indigenous knowledge systems and entrepreneurship: antecedents underpinning ubuntupreneurship in communal wealth generation.

Shepard S. 2016. The Da Vinci Institute: In a Class of Its Own

12 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

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12 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

The research office at The Institute aims to create an enabling environment for students and staff to conduct research and obtain new knowledge and skills.

The following interventions are held in terms of research development for 2016.

FACILITATOR & SUPERVISOR WORKSHOPS

PUBLICATION WORKSHOPS The following publication workshops were scheduled and conducted in the year 2016: • Publish or Perish publishing workshop was held on 3 June 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Moeketsi Letseka • A publishing workshop was held on 21 October 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom

The following facilitator and supervisor workshops were scheduled and conducted in the year 2016: RESEARCH SEMINARS • A facilitator workshop was held on 29 July 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom. The workshop discussed The Da Vinci Way methodology • A facilitator workshop was held on 1 September 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom and Mrs Hendrien van Zyl. The workshop discussed design, facilitation and learning principles

The following research workshops were scheduled and conducted in the year 2016: •

Finding, defining and refining your research puzzle!

Research seminar was held on 2 June 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom

•

Cracking your literature review! Research seminar was held on 4 August 2016 and was facilitated by Mrs Carin Stoltz-Urban

•

Bulletproof your research design and methods!

Research seminar was held on 27 September 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom

•

Finally, making sense of data collection and analysis!

Research seminar was held on 4 November 2016 and was facilitated by Mrs Carin Stoltz-Urban

• A facilitator workshop was held on 30 September 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom and Mrs Hendrien van Zyl. The workshop discussed learning and assessment • A facilitator workshop was held on 4 October 2016 and was facilitated by Dr Ronel Blom. The workshop discussed The Da Vinci Way methodology • A facilitator workshop was held on 24 October 2016 and was facilitated by Mrs Carin Stoltz-Urban. The workshop discussed the management of learning and assessment.

• A facilitator workshop was held on 7 November 2016 and was facilitated by Mrs Carin Stoltz-Urban. The workshop discussed the management of learning and assessment.

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RESEARCH POLICIES AND PROCEDURES • Research Policy Framework • Procurement of Academic and SME supervisors • Student supervisor relationship • Promotion from Master to Doctoral registration • Nomination and appointment of external examiners • Protection, management and exploitation of intellectual property • Examination procedures • Research Ethics

CURIOSITA SESSIONS

OBJECTIVES

Curiosita is one of the Da Vinci principles referring to “an insatiably curious approach to life and an unrelenting quest for continuous learning” (Gelb, 1998)

The Curiosita sessions intend to:

The Curiosita forum is a monthly colloquium for contemporary thinking on the Management of Technology, Innovation and People in a systemic context, hosted by faculty of The Da Vinci Institute. It involves a community of enquirers including PhD students who raise burning issues concerning their Work Based Challenges and application as experienced during their PhD research journey, or who are interested in supporting their co-researchers in their journey. Participants include experts from the business environment; Da Vinci staff and other interested individuals assemble to present and discuss interesting topics and to provide mutual support in the quest for continuous learning.

• facilitate the execution of quality research by Da Vinci students, faculty and associates • allow an opportunity for Da Vinci researchers to obtain experience in presenting their research verbally to experts in the world of work, and to obtain feedback and input on their research • to provide mutual support by sharing knowledge, experiences, contacts, tips and techniques within the research and working community • to provide formal input on research methodology to the Da Vinci research community.

The Curiosita forum strives for enhanced participation and discourse for greater experiential learning rather than just “death by PowerPoint” - to capture Aristotle’s notion of dialectic rather than that of rhetoric speech.

23 FEBRUARY 2016 PhD student: Gladstone Mtyoko Topic: Barriers to Innovation: An investigation into the South African Automotive Component Supplier Industry Guest speaker: Natalie du Toit Topic: Values and Leadership from Sports to Business: The Journey of Natalie at Da Vinci

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12 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

29 MARCH 2016 PhD student: Joshua Bhengu Topic: Effective Labour Productivity and Worker Participation Improvement: The Role of Basic Economic Understanding and Competence Guest speaker: Hendrik Lourens Topic: Leadership principles for the complicated and complex environments

26 APRIL 2016 PhD student: Mickey Padiachee Topic: People as the shapers of Cities or Cities as the shapers of people: The Corridor

24 MAY 2016 PhD student: Nqobile Tshabangu Topic: Local labour content policy and the effect on employment relations: A Rudolph and Van Vuuren (Pty) Ltd case study Guest speaker: Graeme Butchart Topic: Conscious Leadership and Recovery of Intuition and Creativity

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28 JUNE 2016 PhD student: Munya Makota Topic: Strategic approach to skills development: A study of how Sector Education & Training Authorities (SETAs) and industry manage skills development in Gauteng Guest speaker: Jeremy Sampson Topic: The World of Branding

26 JULY 2016 PhD student: Carin Stoltz-Urban Topic: Non-traditional postgraduate student engagement: The development of an institutional framework Guest speaker: Ms Andy Golding Topic: Company Culture and Company’s Behaving Awesomely

30 AUGUST 2016 PhD student: Mpho J Mohlameane Topic: Cloud computing in developing economies: Policy developments within South Africa Guest speaker: Mr Andrew Clare Topic: B2B Relationship Marketing and Customer Experience Management

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27 SEPTEMBER 2016 PhD student: Steven Ratsatsi Topic: Can South Africa and the rest of the African continent extract maximum economic value from, R&D leading to local IP, product design, production and exports, or become a mere consumer of imported IoT technologies?

Guest speaker: Dr Petro Janse van Vuuren Topic: Rehearsing for Change: Applied theatre methodologies for leadership and organisation development

25 OCTOBER 2016 PhD student: Pieter Louw Topic: Integrated Methodology for Project Delivery: A Systems Thinking Approach Guest speaker: Prof Edward Kieswetter Topic: Leadership Insight from Simple Stories

29 NOVEMBER 2016 PhD student: Allan Wattrus Topic: Realizing Benefits from Adopted Best Practice Guest Speaker: Lucilla Booyzen Topic: Innovation Management

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Da Vinci House 16 Park Avenue Modderfontein Johannesburg South Africa T: +27 11 608 1331 F: +27 11 608 1332 I: www.davinci.ac.za E: info@davinci.ac.za The Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management (Pty) Ltd Registered with the Department of Higher Education and Training as a private higher education institution under the Higher Education Act,1997.

Registration No. 2004/HE07/003 institution

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RESEARCH REPORT 2016