Handbook of the International Amateur Athletic Federation 1924-1926 by The Marshal

HANDBOOK OF THE

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION 1924-1926

Delegates to the Eight Congress of the I. A. A. F., at the Hague, Holland, Aug. 5-8, 1926.

INTRODUCTION.

LIST OF CONTENTS. Page.

Introduction ............................................................... 5 List of Members . Âˇ6 By-laws the I. A. A. F . 15 ......................................................... 20 (Paris, 1924) . 24 Eigtlth Congress (The Hague, 1926) : .. 50 Pnlgramme - List of Events .. 108 - Order of Events . 109 World's Records allowed .. 111 1{ecOl:ds .. 113

This Yearbook should have been printed in the early part of 1926 but the Council considered it wise to wait until the autumn in order to have also the Minutes from the Congress at the Hague, Holland, the 5-8 of August this year, included in the Yearbook. The Congress mentioned was a great success. Twenty countries represented by 37 delegates took part. All worked in perfect harmony and a number of important questions were settled. Of these we specially mention: Women's athletic sports, the remuneration to athletes touring abroad, the inclusion of German as an official language, the Olympic Programme and the new Athletic Rules. These are now being printed in English and will soon also appear in French and German. At the Congress of the I-Iague three new countries were elected members of the Federation, to which thus not less than 38 nations are affiliated. We wish all athletes in these countries and also in countries as yet not affiliated good speed in the preparatory work for the World's championships during the Olympic Games at Amsterdam in 1928. Vesteras, Sweden, August, 1926. For the Council of the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION J. S. EDSTROM

H/LDING KJELLMAN

President.

Hon. Secretary.

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION Founded in 1912. Postal address: VESTERAs, Sweden. Telegraphic address: Edstrom, VESTERAS. 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIHIIIIIIIlIlllllllllllllllllllllillltllllllllllllllllill!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1I11111111t1ll111l1l1l11l11ll11l1lJ1l111l11ll1l1l11l1ll1l11l111li1l11ll1ll1ll11ll11l1l111l1ll1ll111i1II1111111111111111111l

LIST OF MEMBERS. A. COUNCIL.

Messrs.: J. Sigrrid Edstrom, President, Vesteril.s, Sweden. Hilding Kjellman, Han. Secretary- Treasurer, Anneho1msgatan 3, Gothenburg, Sweden. Leo Tisseau, Assistant Secreta/y, "Nordisk"-Voyages, 28 bis, Ave. de I'Opera, Paris, France. Harry J. Barclay, 10 John Street, Adelphi, London, England. G. A. Burger, Admiraal de Ruyterweg 394, Amsterdam, Holland. J. Genet, 224 Rue de Rivoli, Paris, France. . Murray Hulbert, 165 Broadway, New York City, N. Y., U. S. A. S. Stankovits, IV, Eskiiter 5, Budapest, Hungary.

B. RULES COMMITTEE. Messrs.: Frederick W. Rubien, President, Room 302, 305 Broadway, New York City, N. Y., U. S. A. S. Stankovits, Han. Secretary, IV, Eskiiler 5, BUdapest, Hungary. Harry J. Barclay, 10 John Street, Adelphi, London, England. S. R. Coen, Casella Postale 171, Venice, Italy. Bo Ekelund, Norrkoping, Sweden. Karl von Halt, Sportbehorde, Romanstrasse 67, Munich, Germany. Joe Maccabe, "Argus Advocate", East Boston, Mass., U. S. A. Paul Mericamp, 3 Rue Rossini, Paris, France. R. Stenberg, Skillnadsgatan 11, Helsingfors, Finland.

C. COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN'S SPORTS. Mrs. Milliat (France) President. Dr. Bergmann (Germany) Vice-President. Mrs. 'Bergmann (Germany). Mrs. Eliott-Lynn (Great Britain). Mrs. Reymond (SWitzerland). Messrs. Burger (Holland). Ferrario (Italy). Kovacic (Jugo-Slavia). Dr. Lamb (Canada). Dr. Lilie (Sweden). Pavillon (France). Prout (U. S. A.). Steurba (poland). Dr. Stewart (U. S. A.). Valousek (Czecho-Slovakia). Wraschtil (Austria). Wydemans (Belgium). D. HANDBALL COMMITTEE. Messrs. F. P. Lang (Germany) President. O. A. Schaer (SWitzerland) Han. Secretary. Arvid Karlsson (Sweden). J. B. Maccabe (U. S. A.). W. P. Mc Elhone (Australasia). P. Mericamp (France). S. O'Hanlon (Ireland). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). E. MEMBERS. ARGENTINE: Federaci6n Atletica Argentina. Address: Calle Paseo Colon 161, Buenos Aires, , Founded in lY19. President: Dr. Marcelo 1. Fitte. VicePresident: Teofilo Tome. Secretary: Demetrio Acosta. Treasurer: Ernesto Velazco Suarez. Number of affiliated clubs: 56. AUSTRALASIA: Amateur Athletic Union of Australia and New Zealand. Address: N. S. Wales Sport Club, 10 Hunter Street, Sydney. N. S. W.

8 I'ounded in 1897. President: R. Coombes. Hon.-Secretary: E. S. Marks. Treasurer: Stanley Rowley. The amateur athletic associations of the following states of Australia are affiliated: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia, West Australia and the Dominion of New Zealand.

Founded: Amateur Athletic Association of Canada in 1883, Amateur Athletic Union of Canada in 1899. President: J. A. Mc Vicar. Secretary: Dr. A. S. Lamb. Treasurer: C. C. Robinson. Affiliated: 9 branches of the Union, each branch having a great number of clubs. In addition there are 12 national organisations allied with the Union.

AUSTRIA: Osterreichischer Leichtathletik-Verband. Address: Sensengasse 3, Wien, IX. Founded in 1900. President: Hermann Wraschtil. VicePresidents: Ing. A. Pichel, Dr. S. Unterberg, Ferd. Friebe. Secretaries: Artur Unterberg, Fritz Biirger. Treasurers: Willy Blau, Th. Hantschel. Number of affiliated clubs: 152.

CHILI: Asociacion de Deportes Atleticos de Chile. Address: Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile. Founded in 1914. President: Alfredo W. Bettely. Vice-President: Luis A. Lorca-Avda. Secretary: Ongolmo Vera. Treasurer: Enrique Labra. Number of affiliated clubs 17.

BELGIUM: Ligue Beige d'Athtetisme. Address: 10 Galerie de la Reine, Bruxelles. Independent issue of the Field and Track events' section of the Union BeIge des Societes des Sports Athletiques, the said Union being itself a continuation of the Federation BeIge des Societes de Courses a pied, founded in 1889. President: (vacant). Vice-Presidents: Colonel Noterman, Louis Van Beveren. Gen. Secretary: Fr. Wydemans. Trea' surer: Th. Verbessem. Number of affiliated clubs: 120. BRAZIL: Confederaiao Brasileira de Desportos. Address: Pavilhao Matarazzo, Av. das Na,oes. Caixa Postal 1078. Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1914. President: Commendador Oscar da Costa. Vice-President: Dr. Renato Pacheco. Number of affiliated clubs: 24. BULGARIA: Federation Nationale Sportive Bulgare. Address: Rue "Soloun" No. 51, Sofia. Founded in 1923. President: Dimitre Ivanoff. VicePresidents: Matey Zlatooustoff, Anguel Droumeff. Secretary: Alexandre WI. Diacovitch. Treasurer: Christo Eneff. Number of affiliated clubs: 32. CANADA: Amateur Athletic Union of Canada. Gill University, Montreal, QU,ebec.

Address: Mc

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA: Ceskoslovenslui Athletickti Amatersllti Unie V Praze. Address: Celakovskeho 9, c. p. 523. Prague, XII. Founded in 1897. President: Vice-Consul V. Machacek. Vice-President: Fr. Skrivanek. Secretary: Cpt. Jan Plichta. Treasurer: J. Tuma. Number of affiljated clubs: 125. DENMARK: Dansl? Athletik-Forbllnd. Address: Wildersgade 60, Copenhagen V. Founded in 1906. President: Andr. Harsfelt. VicePresident: Ejner Herget. Secretaries: Rob. Jorgensen, H. N. Skade. Treasurer: Peter Madsen. Number of affiliated clubs: 125. EGYPT: Union Egyplienne des SocirJitfs Sportives. Address: 10 Rue ÂˇMahmoud Pacha el Falaki. B. P. 651. Alexandria. Founded in 1910. President: S. A. Ie Prince Abbas Ibrahi Halim. Vice-Presidents: S. E. Emin Yehia Pacha, Jacques Goal'. Secretary: Michel Herman. Treasurer: George Myrissi. Number of affiliated clubs: 53. ESTHONIA: Eesti Kerge-, Raske- ja Veespordi Liit. Address: Gonsiori Tan. 4, Tallill/l. Founded in 1920. President: Kaljo Raag. Vice-President: Elmar Lepp. Secretary: Reinhold Saul man. Treasurer: Johan Sonin. Number of affiliated clubs: 82.

FINLAND: Finlands Gymnastik- & IdrottsjlJrbund. (Suomen Voimistelu- ja Urheililtto.) Address: Simonkatu 12, Hel. sing/ors. Founded in 1906. President: K. E. Levtilahtl. (Athetics: V1iin6 Teivaala). Vice-President: Toivo Aro. Gen. Secretary: Lami Santala. Treasurer: A. R. Lang. Number of affiliated clubs: 425. .FRANCE: Flfdlfration Franfaise d'Athllftisme. Address: 3 Rue Rossini, Paris, IX. Founded in 1920. (Issue of the Union des Socieies de Sports Athletiques.) President: Joseph Genet. Vice-Presidents: Gaston Jurgenson, Georges Etling, Henri Berthereau, Pierre Georges-Picot, Joseph Gemain. Generai and international Secretary: Paui Mericamp. Treasurer: Auguste Audirac. Head of the Secretariat: Charles Isambert. Number of affiliated clubs: 2000. GERMANY: Deutsche. SportbelzOrde jiir Leichtathletik. Address: Romanstrasse 67, Munich. Founded in 1898. President: F. P. Lang. Vice-Presidents: Otto R. Helbig, Henry Barrelet, Dr. Karl von Halt. Secretary-Treasurer: Fr. Hassler. Number of affiliated clubs: about 4,000 with nearly 500,000 members. GREAT BRITAIN: Amateur Athletic Association. Address: 10 John Street, Adelphi, London. Founded in 1880. President: Sir Montague Shearman. Life Vice-Presidents: T. M: Abraham, H. A. Butler, P. L. Fisher, H. Newbould, V. M. Barnard, A. Fattorini, G. V. A. Schofield. Vice-Presidents: The right hon. Lord Desborough of Taplow, W. W. Alexander, J. E. Fowler-Dixon, C. E. Lyall, C. J. Pratt, Harry J. Barclay, Gordon C. Innes, W. Mabbett. Hon.-Secretary: Harry J. Barclay. Assistant Secretary: Geo H. Hogsflesh. Hon. Treasurer: W. M. Barnard. Number of affiliated clubs: about 1,100. GREECE: Union des Socilftlfs Helleniques d'Athliftisme et de Gymnastique. Address: 1I rue Nikis, Athens.

Founded in 1897. President: Marcos Mindler. VicePresidents: Michel Rinopoulos, Pana J. Theodoropoulos, Const. Georgacopoulos. Gen. Secretary: Anastassios Saratsoglous. Assistant secretaries: Const.. Embirikos, Georges Kitsos. Treasurer: Georges Canetsios. Number of affiliated clubs: 42. HAITI: Union des Socilfllfs Sportives Haltiennes. Address: Parc Leconte, Port-au-Prince. Founded in 1912. President: Andre F. Chevallier. Vice"President: Georges N. Leger. Secretary: Joseph Cassagnot Treasurer: Ludovlc Ambroise. Number of affiliated clubs: 32. HOLLAND: Koninklijke Nederlandsche Athletiek Unie. Address: Azaleastraat 5, The Hague. Founded in 1901. President: Cpt. P. W. Scharroo. Vice-President: W. A. Deenen. Secretary-Treasurer: J. M. Hardeman. Number of affiliated clubs: 125. HUNGARY: Magyar Athletilwi SZlJvetseg. Address: V. Szent Istvan tel' 14, 111. em., Budapest. Founded in 1897. President: S. Stankovits. VicePresidents: Dr. Dr E. Moldovanyi, A. Mailinger. Gen. Secretary: E. Nadal. Treasurer: Gu. Stefanial. Number of affiliated clubs: 173. IRELAND: Gaedheal-Cumann Luth Chteas Agus Rothuideachta na h-Eireann. Address: 68 Upper O'Connell Street, Dublin. Founded in 1922. President: John J. Keane. Secretary: Tomas 0 hAonghusa. Treasurer: Michel Mac Eochaidh. Number of affiliated clubs: 52. ITALY: Federazione !laliana degli Sports Atletici: Address: Via Saffi 21, Boulogne. Founded 1906. President: Buriani Comm. Alberto. VicePresident: Arpinati On. Leandro. Secretary: Negroni Dott Mario. Treasurer: Bononcini Rag. Torquato. Number of affiliated clubs: 509.

JAPAN: Japan Amateur Athletic Association. Address: No.1 Sojurocho, Kyobashiku, Tokio. Fouuded in 1911. President: Dr. Seiich! Kishi. VicePresident: Ryozo Hiranuma. Secretary-Treasurer: Takamasa Yakushiji. Number of affiliated clubs: 18. LATVIA: Latvijas Vieglatletikas Savieniba. Address: Valdemara iela 65/67, Riga. Founded in 1922. President: R. Viducs. Vice-President: H. Konrads. Secretary: A Volfs. Treasurer: F. Vrede. Num-_ ber of affiliated clubs: 20. LUXEMBURG: Federation des Societes Luxembourgeoises de Sports Athletiques. Address: Luxembourg-gare, Hotel des MiIle-Colonnes. Case 'Postale 108, Luxemburg. Founded in 1908. President: Gustave Jacquemart. VicePresident: Jules Muller. Gen. Secret31y: Jean Geschwind. Assistant Secretary: Michel Fluchard. Gen. Treasurer: Augllste Mathekowitsch. Number of affiliated clubs: 62. MEXICO: Federacion Atletica Mexicana de Aficionados. Address: Apartado 1576. Mexico D. F. Founded in 1921. President: Aurelie T. Hernandez. Gen. Secretary: Enrique C. Aguirre. Treasurer: Juan Snyder. Number of affiliated clubs: 20. NORWAY: Norges FriÂˇldretfsjorbund. Address: St. Olavsgat. 23, Oslo. Founded in 1896. President.. Carsten Carlsen. VicePresident: Sverre Gundersen. Secretary: A Faafeng. Treasurers: Nils Dahl, Rolf Rosse!. Number of affiliated clubs: 550. POLAND: Polski Zwiazek Lekkoatletyczny. Address: 11, Rue Wiejska, Warsaw. Founded 1919. President: Cpt. Jerzy Misinski. VicePresidents: Cpt. Bogdan Szeligowski, Jan. Wisniewski. Secretary: Dr. Henryk Pawlowski. Treasurer: Feliks Weinta!. Number of affiliated clubs: 142. PORTUGAL: Federacao Portugueza Address: Rosio, 45, 1. Lisbon.

de Sports Atleticos.

Founded in 1921. President: Francisco Nobre Glledes. Secretary: Jorge Pancada da Silveira. Treasurer: Antonio Torres de Sousa. Number of affiliated clubs: 20. ROUMANIA: Federatiwzea Socielati/or de Sport din Romania. Address: 190 Calea Victoria, Bucarest. Founded in 1912. President: H. M. King Ferdinand 1. Vice-President: H. R. H. the Crown Prince. Gen. Secretary: Dinu Ceciano. Nllmber of affiliated clubs: 304. SOUTH AFRICA: The South African Amateur Athletic. & Cycling Association. Address: P. O. Box 679. Bloemfontem, Orange Free State. Founded in 1904. President: John Reid. Hon. SecretaryTreasurer: 11.. J. Robertson. Affiliated associations: Cape Colony A A. & C. U., Natal A A & C. A, O.range Free State and Basutoland A. A. & C. U., RhodesIa C. U. & A A. A, Transvaal A. A. A., Transvaal C. U. At present in formation: South West Africa A. A & C. A SPAIN: Real Confederacion Espanola de Atletismo. ComUe Nacional. Address: Avenida Pi y Margall, 12, Madnd. Founded in 1917. President: Augusto Barcia. Secretary: Martin Teja. Treasurer: Pompeyo Sevilla. 13 district associations affiliated. SWEDEN: Svenska Idrotfs/6rbundet. Address: MalmskiIlnads. . gatan 25 B, Stockholm. Founded in 1895. President: Bo Ekelllnd. VIce-PresIdent: Gosta Malmgren. Secretary: Thor Friman. Treasurer: .. Birger Eriksson. Number of affiliated clubs: 80,0. SWITZERLAND: Association Suisse de Football et d Alhletzsme. Comite d'Athletisme. Address: Case-Ville 14240. Lausanne. Founded in 1895. President: O. A. Schaer. Vice-Presidents: Dr. Mathey, Ad. Muller. Secretary: Henri Chappaz. Treasurer: Rob. Humberset. Number of affiliated clubs: 70. TURKEY: Federation Turque d'Athletisme. Address: Emin Eunu, Rihtimtran No.8, Constantinople. Founded in 1922. President: Unvan bey. Vice-President: Buchaneddin bey, Secretary: Mouvaffalc' bey. Treasurer: Chewki bey. Number of affiliated clubs: 73.

14 UNITED STATES: Amateur Alhletic Union of the United States. Address: Room 302, 305 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Founded in 1888. President: Hon. Murray Hulbert. Vice-Presidents: William P. Humphrey, Avery Brundage, William P. Kenney, Justice F. L. Hoffman. SecretaryTreasurer: Frederick W. Rubien. .Affiliated: 23 district associations, 1028 clubs. URUGUAY: Federaci6n Alletica del Ul'llguay. Address: 18 de Julio 1085, Montevideo. Founded in 1918. President: Dr. Mario F. Lugaro. VicePresident: Dr. Andres F. Puyol. Secretaries: Jose P. Cardozo, Juan A. Astengo. Treasurer: Arturo Noveri. Number of affiliated clubs: 27. YUGO-SLAVIA: Jugoslavenski Lalw Alletski Savez. Address: M. Veljko Ugrinic, Mrazoviceva ulica No.9, 11, Zagreb. Founded in 1920. President: Veljko Ugrinic. VicePresident: Dr. Bogicevic. Treasurer: Walter Kratky. Number of affiliated clubs: 45. F. COUNTRIES WHOSE APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP ARE PENDING. EQUADOR: Federaci6n Deportiva Guayaquil, Guayaquil. PERU: Comile Nacional de Deportes, Lima.

NOTE. - The Members of the I. A. A. F. are kindly requested to notify the Federation of eventual changes taking place within their associations with regard to the address or other data specified under their names in the above List of Members, in order to have the correct data appear in the next Year Book.

BY-LAWS. Accepted by the Federation at its Congress in Berlin, 1913, with modfications made at Geneva, 1921, Paris, 1923 and 1924, and the Hague, 1926.

. RULE I.-Title. The International Amateur Athletic Federation embraces the governing Athletic Associations of the various nations accepting the rules and regulations of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. Only one Association may represent a nation. Note.-In these rules such Athletic Association is termed "Member of the Federation." RULE 2.-0bjects of the Federation. The objects of the Federation shall be:(a) To compile and subscribe to the rules and regulations of the Federation governing international competition for men and women in amateur field aild track athletics. (b) To establish rules and regulations for and to conduct field and track events at the Olympic Games. (c) To pass and register World's amatel11' records in field and track athletics. (d) To establish an Amateur definition, applicable to international competition in field and track athletics. RULE 3.-Congresses. Each Member of the Federation may be represented by not more than five (5) delegates. Each Association shall have one (1) vote only. A Member of the Federation can only be represented by its delegates. The same delegate may only represent one Member of the Federation. A delegate must be a citizen of the nation he represents and eligible to compete as an amateur.

16 The Congress shall convene biennially after the year 1922 and the President of the Federation shall preside at all meetings. The Congress only shall have power to amend and draft rules and regulations. The President, Hon. Secretary and members of the Council shall serve until their successors are elected and inducted to office. RULE 4.-Reports and Finances. The President, Hon. Secretary and Council shall submit a report and balance sheet to the Congress on the proceedings and finances of the Federation, and the Congress shall pass on and audit said report and balance .sheet, andÂˇ also devise ways and means for the adoption and passing of the budget. RULE 5.-Council. The Council, which shall be chosen by the Congress, shall consist of the President, the Honorary Secretary and five other members elected from different nations. The President and the Honorary Secretary shall be elected for a term of four years: they shall reside in the same country. The five members of the Coun<;,jl shall be elected for terms of .. two years after 1922. In the absence of the President, the Hon. Secretary shall take his place. In case of a vacancy occurring in the Council, such vacancy shall be filled by the Member of the Federation, wit.h which the retiring member of Council was indentified. The Council shall administer the affairs of theÂˇ Federation, inform the Members of all penalties imposed on any Member, shall register all records, settle all urgent affairs of general interest, and prepare and summon the Congress, the venue and time of which have been decided by the preceding Congress. English, French and German are the official ianguages of the Federation, and any of these languages may be used at the Congresses. The By-laws and Rules shall be printed in the three official languages, the Minutes, reports and other communications as the

Council will decide. In the case of a difference in the interpretation of the text the English text shall have preference. The Council may summon special Congresses, provided five Members give notice in writing to the Honorary Secretary that they desire such Congress, and state their reasons for same. On receiving such notice, the Honorary Secretary mus{ summon the Congress to meet within three months after receipt of the said notice. In cases of great importance, requiring immediate settlement, the Council shall have power to summon an Extraordinary Congress of the Federation. RULE 6.-Membership and Eligibility. The governing Athletic Association of each country shall be eligible for membership of the Federation. Applications for membership of the Federation shall be submitted to the Council, which, after investigation, shall submit same to the Congress for election. . Any new Member may be admitted by a majority vote of the Members represented at the Congress. During the interim between sessions of the Congress the Council is empow'ered to elect provisionally such ruling bodies as they may deem fit. RULE 7.-Recognition. Associations affiliated with the Federation shall acknowledge each other as the only legislative authorities for athletics in the respective countries, and as the only organisations authorised to international agreements in athletics. RULE S.-Disqualification. A disqualification adjudged in proper form by a Member of the Federation of any of its athletes shall also be binding on all the other countries represented in the Federation, and shall be notified by the Member in question. Every Member of the Federation has the right to suspend or disqualify, on its own territory, any foreign athlete for offences

against the rules and regulations of the Federation. Report of such action shall be given to the Member of the Federation to which the athlete belongs.

Every Member of the Federation shall have the right to hold its national championships according to its own rules and regulations.

RULE 9.-International Field and Track Meetings. An international field and track meeting is either arranged between two or more Members of the Federation or arranged by or with the sanction of one Member only provided other Members of the Federation or clubs belonging to such Members are invited to take part in the meeting. A national championship open to all amateur athletes is not an international meeting. At all international meetings the rules and regulations of the Federation shall apply. The right to arrange or sanction international meetings is elCclusively reserved to the members of the Federation. No athlete of any nation shall be permitted to represent his nation at any meetings, other than those sanctioned or arranged by a Member of this Federation. Any athlete desirous of competing in any foreign country must make application to his governing body for a permit to compete, and no Member of this Federation shall allow any foreign athiete to compete unless he, presents a letter signed by the proper official of the Association of his country, certifying that he is an amateur and eligible to compete. At international competitions, a Member of this Federation may be represented only by a native born or naturalised subject of the nation which the Member in question represents.

RULE I I.-Subscription. The annual subscription shall be ÂŁ5 for each National Association. Suiiscriptions shall be paid in advance on the 1st January of each year. ,Any nation whose subscriptions are unpaid on the 30th June shall be liable to be struck off the list of members of the Federation or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress, the Councilor Committees if the subscriptions of the nation he represents remain unpaid on the 31st December of the preceding year. Oversea countries as well as countries with depreciated exchange may, with the consent of the Council, have their annual subscription reduced.

RULE 10.-Championships of the World. The competitions of the Olympic Games only shall be regarded as Championships of the World in the respective branches of field and track sports. No other Championship of the World may be held in addition to these, whether under the title of Championships of the World, European Championships, American, ot Asiatic Championships, or any other name of the kind. The Council, however, may decide on and grant exceptions to this rule.

. AMATEUR STATUS. Accepted by the Federation at its Congress, at Berlin, 1913, with modifications made at Lyons, 1914, Geneva, 1921, Pat'is;1923, and the Hague, 1926.

I. An amateur is one who competes only for the love of sport 2. Competing for money or any other pecuniary reward in any sport makes the competitor a professionai in all sports. 3. In track and field athletic sports one who knowingly competes With, or against, a professional, thereby becomes a professional. . 4. In the event of an amateur competing with, or against, a professional in sports other than track and field athletics, not for money and other pecuniary reward, then the Member of the Federation to which the athlete belongs shall be the judge of such competitor's status according to its own rules, and its certificate as to the competitor's status shall be accepted by all other Members of the Federation. 5. One who teaches, trains, or coaches in any sport for money or other pecuniary considerations is a professional, except, however, that so far as competition in his own country, and there only, is concerned, an employee or representative of the state or school or other educational institution, who teaches, trains, or coaches as an incident to his main vocation or employment, may, or may not, be a professional, as the Association of the country of such a person shall decide. 6. Anyone who shall have knowingly become a professional shall not be reinstated as an amateur. As an interpretation of the above fundamental rules and to be considered as part thereof, the following regulations are set down, and any athlete who violates any thereof shall, thereby, become a professional:

a. An amateur cannot wager, or be interested in a wager, money bet, or stake made in connection with the athletic competition in which he is to participate. b. An amateur must not compete for any prize or token which cannot be SUitably inscribed with some words or letters commemorative of the competition. Prizes must not be of a character which cannot be possessed or retained for a period of the life of the recipient. c. An amateur cannot compete for a prize or token of a value of more than ten pounds, except by consent of the Association of his country. d. An amateur shall not sell, pawn or give away his prizes, and shall hold the same. subject at all times to the inspection of the Association of his country. e. An amateur cannot enter or compete in any contest under a name other than his own or one assumed permanently by him for purposes of competition and registered by him with the Association of his country. j. An amateur cannot issue a challenge or in any manner evidence his intention of competing with, or against a professional, or for money or its eqUivalent. g. An amateur cannot accept or in any manner receive any money or other pecuniary gain in going to, attending, or returning from an athletic meeting, other than his actual outlay for railroad, steamship, sleeping-car fare, and for meals and lodging. Under no circumstances shall the' amount paid for expense money exceed the cost of one first class railway or steamship. accommodation, one first class sleeping accommodation, and one pound or the eqUivalent per day for meals and lodging. Iz. An amateur cannot receive payment for his travelling and other expenses to enable him to take part in competitions abroad, for a longer sojourn than 21 days in all per calendar year spent in foreign countries. Accumulation of these 21 days in two consecutive years cannot be allowed. An extension can be given the athlete by the Association of his country, if he is selected by said Association to take part in Olympic Games or represent his country in matches against another country. The

22 Council of the I. A. A. F. is entitled to make extensions also in 'other cases if it deems proper. The national associations are responsible for the faithful observance of the above rule and shall keep a complete .record of time spent abroad and expenses incurred by their athletes, the record to be laid before the I: A. A. F. if called for. i. Any expense money must be paid, not to the athlete, but to the Association of the athlete's country. j. An amateur cannot accept travelling expenses or payment of any kind for a trainer, rubber, masseur, friend or relative. (Note.-This rule does not mean that travelling expenses of trainer and the like cannot be pald, but that such expenses be demanded by, or paid to, the athlete). .. k. An amateur cannot, directly 'or indirectly, accept payment for any loss of time or wages in attending, or training for, any athletic competitIon. t. An amateur cannot, directly or indirectly, receive any reward for becoming, or continuing as, a member of any club or any other athletic organisation. . m. An amateur cannot compete for or from an athletic organisation in whose employ he is, or who for compensation renders personal services ofÂˇ any kind to such organÂˇisations. . . n. An amateur cannot sign a contract agreeing to take a professional position in athletics, or to take part in any athletic sports for money. o. An amateur cannot receive any compensation for using the goods or apparatus of any firm, mamifacturer or agent, nor shall he allow his name to be used as a means of advertising or recommending the goods of any firm or manufacturer. In aU questions as to the athlete's amateur status other than those in which the Member of the Federation of the country of the athlete has been made the sale arbitrator, the statement of any Member as to an athlete's status is subject to the review imd decision of the Federation. The Congress at Geneva, 1921, decided: 1. If it is proved that any of the National Associations do not follow the Amateur Status, the International Federation will;

23 after investigation, make the necessary remonstrances with the Association at fault. 2. The nations are invited to accept the Amateur Status and to make it their own, with such restrictions, however, as may be judged necessary by the National Association. 3. As it is not appropriate for the amateur associations to occupy themselves with professional sports, it is desirable that none of their organisations be placed at the disposal of professional sports, and consequently it is decided: that the arenas, grounds and organisations of the amateur associations should be closed to professional matches.

MINUTES OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESS OF THE

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION held in the Town Hall of the IXth District, Paris, and at the seat of the Federation Fran,aise d'Athletisme, Paris, July 4th, 15th and 16th, 1924.

Tuesday, July 4th, iO A. M. SECTION 1.

Receptloll of the Delegates by the Frellch Authorities. In the name of the Federation Fran,aise d' Athletisme M. Gellet welcomed the members of the Congress in the following words: "Mr. president and Delegates,. In the name of the Federation Franpise d'Athletisme I have the honour of welcoming you. I had expected to do this in th e adjoining house; which is ours, and which has been prepared for this reception, but the number of Delegates is such that we have had to seek hospitality from the mayoralty of the IXth District. In spite of this, you may rest assured that you wiII find at Rue Rossini, whenever you may have occasion to visit Paris, a most cordial welcome and fraternal hospitality. It is with a certain feeling of pride that we see gathered together in France such a, large number of Delegates, representing all the most important nations, but we take no undue pride from this, as we know the attractions of Paris and the immense success of the Olympic Games of 1924 are parlly responsible. Let us congratulate ourselves upon this result, because our Congress will greatly benefit by it, Âˇas all our deliberations and decisions will be made and taken with the help of the recognised authorities of the whole worlel.

Gentlemen, I shall not take advantage of the opportunity of speech which has been granted me, knowing that you ",vait with impatience the time to begin work. But allow me nevertheless, to express in a very special manner to our President, in the name of my French comrades, our feelings of real sympathy and sincere affection.

Mr. EDSTROM presided at the foundation of our Federation in 1912; he has powerfUlly contributed to its development; he has directed itÂˇ with tact and firmness in difficult moments; he owes it to himself to lead it to its full development. That is my reason for expressing the wish that he should remain, till the limit of his strength, at the head of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. In any case I believe I am expressing our unanimous opinion in asserting that there is not one among us who is not happy and proud to work side by side with him. In conclusion allow me to address in the name of all a respectfully sympathetic salute to BARON PiERRE DE COVBERTIN, the re-organiser of the Olympic Games, the man who gave his life and his magnificent intellect to the realisation of those unforgettable manifestations of art and sport!" The Presidellt thanked Mr. Genet for the words of welcome he had spoken and for the hospitality given the Federation by the Federation Fran,.ise d'Athletisme. Thanks to this reception, the Federation would be able to worlt in peace in order to try to succeed in the task imposed upon it by the Olympic Games, and he was glad that that work would be done in collaboration with the Federation Fran,aise d'Athletisme, whose high competence he esteemed and whose devotion to the athletic cause was well known to him.

The Presidellt also asked Mr. Genet to accept, in the name of the Federation and as a token of remembrance, a photograph of the Delegates of the Geneva Congress of 1921. The President invited the Congress to elect two VicePresic!ents. This motion was carried.

26 The President proposed Mr. Genet, President of the Federation Fran,aise d'Athletisme, and Captain Scharroo, President of the Dutch Oiympic Committee. The Congress accepted these nominations with applause.

SECTION 2.

Regarding the Amateur Status, I wish to tell you that ours is very strict; in many other sports one is very much inclined totake<it lightly, I sincerely hope that this will not be the case with us. We must keep to true and pure amateurism, and sel11i-prclfe:ssiIJ1111lism to enter our Federation. these words, Gentlemen, and, declaring ask the Delegates to kindly start work!"

Opening of the Congress by the President. The President opened the Congress by addressing tlie Assembly in the following words: "Gentlemen, I 'have great pleasure in welcoming you to ihis the Seventh Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, which is of great importance. The Olympic Games commence to-morrow, and the opening ceremony will be immediately followed by competitions in our fine athletic games. We shall )hen appreciate for the first time the resul't of competitions the direction of which has remained in our hands, but with the great and powerfui aid of our French member, the Federation d'Athletisme; we shaIl have occasion to see and learn much during the ten coming days. The Council has consequently proposed that it be entrusted with the special mission of studying the course events will tal,e, as well as the various sporting details, and of reporting thereupon to the Congress when it meets again on the 15th of this month, giving opinions upon any changes which appear necessary in our international regulations. Then, we have our general affairs 10 discuss, as also other important "!uesti9ns. I am glad to see such a large number of Delegates from different countries present at this Congress. It is the greatest meeting of sportsmen which has taken place, and I wish especially to greet those Delegates from countries over the seas who are not often seen amongst us. I express the wish that, in spite of' our great numbers, and although we come from countries far apart, we shall worle harmoniously and successfully for the benefit of our sport.

SECTION :1.

names of the Delegates present.

,ri""""'.'"

then proceeded to call over the names of These were: Messrs:

BrHain:

Dr. M. Fitte. Basil J. Parkinson, O. G. H. Merrett. Hermann Wraschtil, Dr. S. Unlerberg. F. Wydemans. J. G. MerrIck, J. P. Mulqueen, Dr A. S. Lamb, Judge J. A. Jackson, H. Phillips. Louis Harnecker. Capt. Jan Plichta. Andr. Harsfelt, Joh:s Bojesen-Barsoe, A. B. Prip. Angelo Ch. Bolanachi. Aksel Ek, Vaino Teivaala, Dr. R Stenberg, K. Melclin, K. Brusin. J.Genet, G.Jurgenson, P.Mericamp, A.Audirac. Harry J. Barclay, W. M. Barnard, A. Fattorini, H. A. Newbould, C. J. Pratt. D. Dallas, P. Manitakis. Capt. P. W. Scharroo, H. N. Van Leeuwen, J. W. Meijer. S. Stankovits, Ferencs Zuber, Dr E. Moldovanyi. J. J. Keane, Dr R J. ROWlette, H. M. Finlay. S. R Coen. S. I<ishi, r. Sawada, S. Kondo, G. Nogushi.

Latvia: Luxemburg: Norway: Poland: South Africa: Spain: Sweden: Switzerland: United States: Uruguay:

Karl Brikman. Alexandre Servais. Birger Marthinsen, Einar Staff, Fridtjof Endersen. V. Kowalewski, R. Chrapowycki. F. B. GIbbins. Juan B. Juanena. J. S. Edstrom, Hilding Kjellman, Th. Friman, L. Englund. Dr Matthey. William Prout, Frederick W. Rubien, Joseph Maccabe, Gustavus Kirby, Murray Hulbert. Francisco Campolongo.

There were prcsent 67. Deiegates representing 28 different nations. SECTION 4.

election of New Members of the Federation. (Comp.Section16.) The President proposed in the name of the Council, to elect as Members of the Federation ARGENTINE, GREECE, IRELAND, JAPAN and URUGUAY. He informed the Congress that this qustion had becn earnestly studied by the Council. The motion was carried.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT From July 1st 1923 to May 31st 1924. £ s d Balance 169 16 9 Official Handbook of the f. A. A. F. Affiliation fees 1919 -1922 40 10 Printed forms and Agendas ......... Affiliationfees1923 Australia,Austria, Congress Expenses Belgium, CzechoPostage, Telegrams, Slovakia, DenStation ery...... ... mark, Esthonia, Balance in hands of Hungary, Italy, Hon. Treasurer. .. Jugo-Slavia, Poland, Spain, Switzerland 34 10 CzechoDenFinland, Britain,Holland,ltaly, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United States, Uruguay 5710Deposit by Switzer............... 1 - lnte:rest ...... ......... 8 15 9 £ 312 2 6

18 16 6 12 7

914 4

257 14 8

Slo,va'kia.

£ 312 2 6

SECTION 5.

Confirmation of the Minutes of the Paris Congress, July 23rd, 1'923. The Minutes of the Pa'ris Congress of July 23rd, 1923, were approved unanimously. SECTION 6.

Financiill Statement. The Financial Statement presented by the Council had been handed to all the Delegates. The President pointed out that the Council had donc everything possible to reduce expel),ses.

Mr. Barnard (Great Britain) while complimenting the upon the exc;ellent report presented, and expressing nar·ticr"lar thanks for the attention given, not only to receipts also to expenditures, proposed that the report should be motion was carried unanimously. SECTION 7.

Adoption of the Budget. The Budget was also handed to the Delegates.

30 BUDGET From June 1st 1924 to next Congress of the Federation. £sd Balance .. 257 14 8 Unpaid affiliation fees 1924 ......... 13 - Affiliation fees 1925 60 ,,1926 50 - 11

£ 380 14 8

£sd Printing HandbooklO(),- Congress Expenses '50 Printing Agendas etc................... 15 - Translations ......... 20 - Postage, Telegrams, Stationery......... 40 - Unforeseen. expenses 155 14 . 8 £ 380 14 8

The President pointed out that the expenses of the Congress of 1924 were down only for £ 50, and asked that they should be raised to £ 80, and, on the oiher hand, that the amount of £ 155 14 8 put down to unforeseen expenses should be decreased to £ 125 14 8. With this alteration the budget was adopted unanimously.

SECTION 8.·

Programme of the Paris Olympic Games. Mr. Barclay asked that it should be cHhlpiunicated to the Members of the Congress, that the athletic meetings of the Olympic Games held at Paris, at the express wish ofthe French Olympic Committee, would start at 3 P. M. instead of 2 P. M: due to the summer change of hour and other conditions special to France. The daily programme of the Games was altered as follows: .2nd day. - Start of the 400 metres' at 5.30 p. m. . Start of the 10;000 metres flat at 6 p. m. 6th day. Start of tlie 5,000 metres flat postponed till 5.45 p.m., after the second. heat of the 400 m. 9th day.. Discus throwing at 3 p. m..

By reason of the great number of teams entered for the the semi-finals - not provided for when programme at the Geneva Congress p.m. SECTION 9. m·,-hl,?!o by the "Slow Motion Process." discm;si(m taken part in by Messrs. 1(irby (United Britain), 1(eane (Ireland), Parkinson (France), and Wydemans (Belgium) the Prethat the question be postponed till the meeting evidence for the Delegates to the Congress Mr. Kirby (United States), and other sporting d'Athletisme would bel()ng:ing to the Federation the same evening. SECTION 10. :ot.!Jir'11lcrtic>n of World's Records. (Camp. Section 35.) Congress decided to confirm the following records reading of the report presented by Mr. Rubien (United the name of the Rules and Records Committee: Time 4'10" 21 5

Holder

Nation

Date

Place

......... Paavo Nurmi Finlan"d 23/8/23 Sweden

14'11"1/5 ......... Paavo Nurmi Finland 24/8/23 .4 metres 21 ...... Charles Hoff Norway 22/7/23 (13 It 9:14") 30'35"'/5 ......... Ville I(itola Finland 25/5/24 14'28"1/5 ......... Paavo Nurmi Finland 19/6/24 Paavo Nurmi Finland

Sweden

Denmarl( Finland Finland Finland

SECTION 11.

Printing of a Year Book of the Federation. St,tnllOv'lts (Hungary) having proposed that the Fedeprint a Year-Book, declared himself perfectly sawhat had been done up to date, and asked that

32. •

it should continue to be printed in both French and English, as long as the financial situation would allow it. The Congress warmly thanked the President who had met the desire of Mr. Stankovits. SECTION 12. Proposition from Austria concerning Hand-ball Games. The President remarked that this proposition greatly lacked precision because of the large variety of hand-ball games in existence in the world, and declared that the Council, having studied the question, was not in favour of the introduction of Hand-ball into the Federation. The Congress unanimously accepted a proposition made by Mr.IVIart/linsen (Norway) and seconded by Mr. Rubien (United States), to' return this question to the Austrian Federation, suggesting the idea of an attempt at founding an International Hand-ball Game Federation. SECTION 13. Dates of the Athletic Events of the Olympic Games. Following a proposition by Finland that these events should be fixed for the month of August, a discussion arose in which the following gentlemen took part: Messrs. Mulqlleen(Canada),Dalla; (Greece), Bolanachi (Egypt), Brusin (Finland), Merrick (Canada). there would be ,in The Congress, -realising the imposing upon the organising countries dates which might not suit for climatic or other reasons, decided upon the proposition of Mr. Kirby (United States), seconded by Mr:Rubie;z to instruct the representatives of the Federation to' the Congress of the International Olympic Committee, which was to meet on July 28th and 29th this year, to place the question before the said . Congress. SECTION 14. International Licences. Switzerland having proposed the introduction of intemiltional licences, the Congress decided, following upon the report .of the Council, to reject this proposition.

SECTION 15. Judges at the Olympic Games of 1924. Field Judges was communicated to the Congress, that a meeting of the Jury should euen;no at 4 o'clock, to give instructions and was concluded at 12.45 and adjourned till

ael1day, july 15th, 10.25 A. M. The welcomed Colonel Mills (United States), of the pIOneers of athletic sports, expressing the satisfaction of the Congress at seeing him amongst them. -, Mzlls replied, stating his pleasure at participating in this .and at seeing the great success of the Olympic SECTION 16. em:oe,rs of the Federation. (Comp.Section 4) Preside/zt proposed in the name of the Council to elect the Federation, TURKEY, CHILE and BRAZIL, applications for admission to membership had the last meeting. of Mr. Merrick (Canada), seconded by Mr. lUJJ"liIUJ, the proposition was unanimously adopted. SECTION 17. Feminine sports. presented to the Congress the follOWing proAthletic Feminine Sports be governed by the Federation ·international regulations be drawn up by the Fe:deration for Feminine Sports; .'. ·;-1:0.· there be in the Olympic Games no athletic events

34 4:0 That the Council be able to nominate a special Com,mission for the direction of Feminine events. After a discussion in the course of which Messrs, Prout (U: S.), Wydemans (Belgium), Scharroo (Holland) and Plichta (Cz,echo-Slovakia), spoke in favour of the Council's proposition, the Congress decided, upon the proposal of Mr, Rubien (U. S,), to adopt the Council's propositions, It was consequently decided to modify Rule 2 of the Bylaws of the 1. A, A, 11', as follows: 'To compile and subscrIbe to the rules and regulations of the Federation governing international competitions f()r men and ,. women in amateur field and track athretics.Âˇ

35 SECTION 20. Pi/mini of Arrivals by the "Slow MOtiOll Process". the discussion which took place during Jhe first, (Section 9) and a second discussion in PdrkiISC'" (Australia), Mericamp (france), Mul.Ju,r/!'?1lS'OIl (France) took part, the Presidellt pfc,jfQsed should be passed on to th'e Neder- , la,niiÂˇ@,e; "'Ullellell 'Unie, for thorough examination, the said iristructed to furnish a complete report on this of the Federation which will be held was adopted unanimously.

SECTION 18. Settling the limits of lanes, At the proposal of the Rules and Records Committee, the Congress decided that: 1:0, In races with lanes pegs shall compUlsorily be of wood, and ropes be replaced by ribbons to avoid all accidents, some of which might be serious.. 2:0, In the relay races, there shallbe>no ribbons or, pegs; 3:0. The 200 metres flat race shall be run entirely between , ribbons and pegs; 4:0. The pegs shall have a maximum height of IS centimetres.

SECTION 19. Stationing of the Runners for the 3,000 m., 5,000 m. and 10,000 m. competitiolls. The ,Congress decided, at the proposal of the Rules and Records Committee, to station in the first row, at the start, the best runner of each nation, the other competitors being s,tationed in the rank corresponding to their effective worth.

SECTION 21. Timing. out to the Congress the following francaise d'Athletisme. to., conform to the international rules which urn lOP' to the tenth of a second in racing matters, the

francaise d'Athletisme has attempted to procure this measuring to be done with precinot been found. None of the makers in An1erica, England or France, to which the federacould supply, with the apparatus at one tenth from National Observatories. It has ue.ces;saI'y to recognise that chronographs, which claim pre:sel1t time to indicate the tenth of it second, possess gll:aranh:e of scientific precision, nor even of working regu-

,'""."

the Federation Francaise d'Athletisme, conhonesty and scientific exactitude are the surest the safeguard of our sporting ideal, decided that fair to abandon purely and simply timing at second, and to ](eep, until further orders, to of a second.

37 "Is that saying that ,timing at the fifth of a second is itself "beyond all". criticism? Not at all! Let us see the error that ,"is. possible with this apparatus, or, rather, that which results "from 'the starting of iis pointer. ' ," :' , "Tllis pointer is balanced upon the fine-notched cog-wheel '",ivhich, wh!,n one 'presses the outside is put in cog-wheel of the same size, itself constantly HI with 'a third which joins in the movement. In of this arraligement, the mO\ring cog-wheel, which turns :,r«lith Hiem6vement of the 'watch, must, come at the ;'Wine'to' work into the fixed cog-wheelbearirigthe pointer. 'Now, these cog·wheels have a diameter of 8 millimetres "only, and, along'their 'circumference, 180 notches. At the "instant of contact, the cog .which first touches the fixed cog"wheel occupies in reiation to the latter a very indefinite position. "In the most unfavourable case, the two cogs may come in ';opposi!iou ;"for the cog-wheels to work into one onother" it is "necessary that the fixed cog-wheel turns forward or backwap(i "by the width of one cog, that is at most 1/360th of a revoiu"tion (180 cogs plus 180 notches), which represents an error goes round once in a minute) of 60/360ths of ,",a: miilllte;, that is 1/6th of a second. In this mann'er the err,or "due',tothe working-in alone may reach 1/6th of. a·second. "It is then ,illusory to attempt, :with such an.appwratus, to obtaih ""a gniater precision, than one fifth of a secortci. And tllis,is,.of '"course, quite independent of the value of the as:a "chronometer. : "At the moment of disconnection, that is when· one stops "the pointer, the rising movement of'the working c6g·wheel "may, on its own, push the pointer fnr-ther than its positioh'at '''the instant of stopping. However this error is noticeably smaller that previously mentioned, One of the first improvemenfs '"on the chronometer wouid consist of the use of chronographs "with diViding pointers made to compensate. In this case the "chronograph would be put in' motion a few seconds before "the start· at start one wotHd stop the first pointer, and,'at ','. , "." "arrival, the· second.. The error of registration would then be "done away with. "

,',

." "But, at least: with chronographs at one fifth of a second, 'one is, sure of deaHng with 'instruments weIl made and not to variation in the course of one timing operation. :One· has not this, certainty with instruments at one tenth of the'movement of which is rather irregular. "So, one can say that in reality, coinciding measurements :,ofa tim'e taken at 'one'fifth of a second render valuable, philorecords established with this division of a second, :ButiscientifkaIly speaking, these measurements, are insufficient: must' besides consider that an instrument at one fifth second, can' only give one and ,the Salne time to ,two sprinters separated, at the finishing line by an of 1. metre 80. Further, timing at, the tenth of a :sec(i!1ld cannot show a variation in distance less than 0; ill 90; in' one tenth of a second. For, a runner to ,"recordman," he' mtlst have beaten, by at least 90 the performance of tbe holder of that record. nearer one' comes to the limit of human possibilities, must Olle expect to see records beaten by narrow :::

:::

to think' that 1twillbe liecessaryto find ,me'''''trit1b at small fradions 'bra s'econd. It seems

should find atltomatic 'instrt1ments at the

second. In fad, present-day :fudges; 'in 'good able to judge tbe passing' or'a lUIi:iretin the plan within fen, celitirnettes. , That 1s, for the .m"'ro sprint, ail approximation 'of'10/10,000, '_.,

approxHnation·shoul'd. be fott'nd: for ;th'e 'COver'that space. Tnat time b'eJ.ng"a15btittbn ap,pr()xirnaj!on 'should then be iON';aaaths; thilt ;

;:; -" '\,

38 our efforts, to discover any proVided with a guarantee certi"ficate, but we shall pursue our search along this line. 'Briefly, and for the reasons which we have given, one "can hope for an honest timing, with the present instruments, "only to one fifth of a second, when the ideal timing would "require 1/100th. "You can judge, Gentlemen, whether it is still right to give to instruments at one tenth of a second. We ourselves that they are liable to discredit the sporting exactness "upon which we have set our hearts. The Federation Franpise .d'Athletisme thInks it would be right to abolish records taken "at a tenth of a second and to decide for one fifth. It does not "seem that we can maintain upon the sporting tablets, times "whicb would figure with 1,3,5,7 or 9 tenths, 'as they are "illusory. And the even tenths shonld be converted to fifths. "We would not in this manner give the world the impression we are seeking a vain precision ," The Congress next heard Messrs. Mericamp and Jurgenson (fnj11ce) who gave precisions upon the studies made by the Federation Fran,aise d'AthIetisme. From a discussion in which Messrs. Prout (United States), Scharroo (Holland), Rubien (United States), Jurgenson and Mericamp (France) and Sawada (Japan) took part, it appeared that chronographs at one tenth of a second, used almost uni'versally, dO not give entire satisfaction to those who use them, and. that the makers of these instruments declare th'eInselves unable to obtain for them the first-class certificate of the observatory of their country. At the proposal of Mr. Scharroo (Holland) the Congress to confirm the world's records obtained at. one tenth of a second for distances of 220 yards and under, on condition that the chronographs with which those times were taken offer eVery. guarantee of exactness.. As for distances above 220 yards; the Congress decided that only records timed by a chrono' graph indicating the fifth of a second would be recognised; At the proposal of Mr.Prout (United States) the Congress decided to asl{ the Swiss FederationAo make a careful study . ofthe question with the help of the work already done by the

39 Fran,aise d'Athletisme and to draw tIp for the of 1926 a detailed report which would allow the definite settlement of this important question of timing!

SECTION 22. Penalties for .False Starts in the Pentathlon and Decathlon. The Congress, after haVing studiedÂˇ a proposition put foro. the Swedish Athletic Federation, which, in a spirit of would tend to do away with the total elimination, events, of competitors who had' made a certain starts, decided that after the third false start, and 400 metre events, the competitor at by one hundredth of the distance for that number. .

SECTION 23. Official Implements. proposition by Finland that competitors to use their own private javelins, the upon the proposition of the Council, that that is discus, shot, hammer, javelin by the Olympic Committee organising the Games. possible contractors for these implements and ue"ntJ8 will be drawn up at the next Conat Lao P. M. and adjourned

Wednesday, July 16th,

4i 9.15

A.M.

SECTION 24.

Alterations in the Athletic Rules. a) Judges of Walking. . The Council' proposed to reduce the number of Judges of Walking to one. During the discussion Mr. Rowlette (Ireland) who accepted the proposition of the Council, proposed an amendment; asking that that Judge be the same one for the whole tournament . Mr. Coen (Italy) proposed on the contrary that the number of Judges should be brought compulsorily to three'of different nationalities, and that the majority of those three Judges should decide upon the steps to be taken during the competition. The proposition of the Council, amended by Mr. Rowlette, was 'accepted by the Congress, by a majority of 9 votes to 8. Consequently, Rule 1, 8th line, is altered in the follOWing manner: "One Judge of Walking', the words 'or more" being omitted. .. . Furthermore, the last paragraph of Rule 7 is entirely· omitted. Thus this' rule· ends with the follOWing words: 'as he may deem proper".

15) Throwing from·a circle. Upon the proposition of the. Council, amended by Mr. second and third paragraphs of Rule 33, lhe' .fourth and' seventh para· graphs of Rule 34, the fourth paragraph of Rule 36, and the second and third paragraphs of Rule 37, with the following paragraphs: 'In all thrOWing events Itom a circle, it shall be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and started to make the throw, touches with any part of his body or clothing, the, ground outside the circle, or if he steps (In the circle,

Friman (Sweden), the Congress decided to

The competitor must not ieave the circle until the im. piement has touched the ground and he shall then from a standing position leave the circle from the rear half. That half will be limited by a chalk line".

c) Division of the Athletic Rules into: 1:0. Athletic Rules for International Competitions in general; 2:0. Special Rules for the Athletic Competitions at Olympic . Games. 7he President proposed to divide the Athletic Rules into parts and asked the Congress to entrust the Council task of formulating and printing a project for the 1926. unanimously approved the proposition of its :::

Clary, President of the French Olympic Committee, this moment, and the President with a few friendly him in the name of the members of the

SECTION 25.

Indemnity.to the Jury of Appeal. explained that the necessity for the Jnry of at the ,place where the Olympic Games a fortnight before the start of those expenses which should not be borne by its Congress to formulate the wish that the said 'of .the' Jury of Appeal during that by the, organising Olympic Committee. ClaryandM<Sc!zarroo, who dis· the Congress decided to instruct the

representatives of the Federation at the Olympic Congress of Prague next year to bring this question before the International Olympic Committee. .

SECTION 26.

Discus throwing, Antique style. The President read a letter from the Greek Athletic Federation asking that the discus throwing, antique style, be included in the programme of the Olympic Games. The Congress, by reason of the reductions asked for, rejected this proposition, but instructed the Greek Federation to present to the Congress of 1926 a plan of regulations for this sport so that it may be admitted amongst the sports governed by the International Federation.

the walk, by 14 votes to 4, the cross-country, by 16 votes to 2, the 3,000 metres in teams by 15 votes to 3, to keep on the Olympic Programme: the 3,000 metres steeple by 12 votes to 6, the hop, step and jump by 10 votes to 8, the decathlon by 12 votes to 6. pn)pc)sa of Mr. Parkinson (Au5tralia), the President omission of the Pentathlon and this omission lJ votes to 7. SECTION 28.

of the Next Olympic Games. of the reduction in the programme of the Olympic informed the Congress that the CounCil, acc:()U11t the fact that the Congress had expressed events of the Decathlon should take place submit to the approval of the Congress Programme of the Olympic Games.

SECTION 27.

Reduction in the Olympic Programnie. The President informed the Congress that the Council had been called together by the International Olympic Committee to study a reduction in the Olympic Athletic Programme, which reduction was necessitated by the enormous expenses which the representation of the nations attheOlympic Games involves. Consequently. the Council proposed to eliminate from the Olympic Programme the followtng .events: 10,000 metres wall{, The hop,. step and jump; 3,000 metres in teams, Steeple chase, Decathlon, Cross-country. After a long debate in which .Messrs:ParkinSon(Australia), ROWlette and Keane (Ireland), Prout (United States), Brusin (Finland), Mericamp and Tisseau (France),Manitakis(Greece) and Scharroo (Hoiland) tooiepart, the Congressdecidedto,om it :

SECTION 29.

Points in Ihe Athletic Competions of the Olympic Games. '/,CU/I'hP

P,resid,mt reminded the Congress: of the International Olympic Committee allow the counting of points in the Olympic meeting was held in the afternoon of to discuss this question but not to take a decision majority of the Delegates present at this last meeting opinion that a classification, whatever it exist, the Council, proceeding with a stUdy and taking into .acconntthe wish expressed by rallied to the proposition of Holland to count

45 points in Athletics from 6 to 1 going from the first to the sixth piace. The proposition was accepted. SECTION 30.

Penalising of Foreign Athletes. Following upon Mr. Frantz-Reichel's proposition: "Each National Association has the right to suspend or disqualify foreign athletes who transgress the rules of amateurism upon its territory. These penalties wiii compulsorily be: (1) Recognised by the Association whose athlete has been penalised and (2) Sanctioned by the International Federation. These amateurs can only be requalified and their penalties removed with the consent of the Association which penalised them". The Council, taking into consideration: 1:0. That an athlete may be penalised for fanlts other than those committed against amateurism; 2:0. That the politicai relations of certain countries make it impossible to consider the obligation for the Associations of those countries to ratify a penalisation pronounced by a foreign Association, submitted to the Congress the folloWing proposition which is an amendment of that made by Mr. Frantz-Reichel: "Every Member of the Federation has the right to suspend or disqualify, on its own territory, any foreign athlete for offences against the Rules and Regulations of the Federation. Report of such action shall be given to the Member of the Fe.de' deration to which the athiete beiongs". This proposition was adopted unanimously by the Congress and wiii consequentiy be added to the By-laws of the Fe.dec ration, Rule 8. The first paragraph of this rule will also be altered in the follOWing manner: "A disqualification adjudged in proper form by a Member of the Federation of any of its athletes shall also be binding on all the other countries represented in the Federation, and shall be notified by the Member in question".

SECTION 31.

Alterations to the By-laws of the Federation. Upon the proposition of the Council the Congress decided to alter the By-Laws as follows: Rule 2. - Paragraph b) will be replaced by the follOWing: "To establish rules and regulations for and to conduct field and track events at the Olympic Games". Conseqnentiy paragraphs b) and c) receive respectively the letters c) and d). Rule 6. - This rule wiii read thus: "The governing Athletic Association of each country shall be eligible for membership of the Federation". The list of countries which follows that paragraph is omitted. SECTION 32.

Election of Council. .. '" . Mr. Scharroo (Holland) proposed that the outgoing Council be re-elected in its entirety. In the name of the United States Delegation, Mr. Maccabe proposed Mr. Wiiiiam C. Prout (United States), President of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States. In the name of the Canadian Delegation, Mr. J. P. Mutqueen Dr. A. S. Lamb. the. name of the French Delegation, Mr. Mericamp proMr:' J. Genet, President of the Federation Fran,aise \lI"IilJ.JU!

proposed Dr. R. Stenberg (Finland),

:)awa.da \""}'""j proposed Mr. F. Wydemans (Belgium). The President put to the vote these different candidatures follOWing were then elected: Mc:ssrs. J. Genet Harry J. Barclay and W. C. Prout S. Stankovits R. Stenberg

17 15 14 13

votes votes votes votes

was concluded at 12.30 and adjourned till of the same day.

46 Wednesday, July 16th, 6 P. M.

Time Distance

SECTION 33.

Election oj Rules and Records Committee. The Council proposed to the Congress the following list of Candidates: Messrs. F. W. Rubien (United States), ii. J. Barclay (Great Britain), S. R. Coen (Italy), Thor Friman (Sweden), P. Mericamp (France) and ii. N: Van Leeuwen (Holland), Mr. Brusin proposed Mr. Teivaala (Finland). The following were elected: Messrs. Rubien, Barclay, Friman, Mericamp, with 1;1 votes, Coen and Van Leeuwen with 9 votes. SECTION 34. Election of the Commission entrasted with the Regulating of Feminine Sport. The Council proposed that the Commission be formed as follows: Messrs. W. C. Prout (United States) President J. Genet (France) Vice-President F. Wydemans (Belgium) and, addition, two ladies nominated by the British and Dutch Federations respectively. At the proposal of Mr. Maccabe (United States), seconded by Dr. A. S. Lamb (CaQada), the proposition of the Council Was adopted unanimously. . . SECTION 35. Confirmation of the World's Records (Camp. Section 10). The Congress decided to confirm the following records' the after the reading of the report presented by Mr. name of the Rules and Records Committee.

911 :.1/5 111 7' 7 m. 765 23// 1/5

Holder Cyril I-I. Coalfee

Nation

Canada

Date

Place

Stenroos

Finland

R.ob. Ie Gendre Charles R..

U. S.A.

12.8-22 Canada 9.9-23 Finland 7.,-24 Prance

U_S.A. U.S.A.

2.6-23 U.S.A. 26.4-24 U. S.A.

U.S.A_

23_6-23 U. S.A.

U. S.A. Gr.Br. Finland U.S.A.

28.4-23 12.7-24 6.7-24 13.7-24

Brookins

Boston College W. T. McKillop P. J. Mahoney

T. T. Cavanaugh L. R. Welch Illinois Team

Krogh R.ay Buker Watson Joie Ray Illinois Univ. Erich Liddell Wille Ritola

Clark

Hussey Murchison Le Coney A. W. Winter Harold Osborne U.S.A.

U. S.A. France France France

12.7-24 France France

U.S.A.

13_7-24 France

M"'\Tmcr signed the minutes of records Paris Olympic Games, those records would when the signatures had been

the Federation Franpise d'AthleITn"',,,"" the shortest possible delay.

to allow special such as Students'

48 Sporting Associations, to authorise their own members totaICe part in foreign countries in competitions organised by similar groups and oniy for members of those groups. Seconded by Mr. Prout, he asked that this project be studied and put on the Agenda of the Congress of 1926. When Mr. Mericamp had declared that the Federation Fran,aise d'Athletisme would oppose the adoption of this. pro" position, the Congress decided to defer it till the Congress of 1926. SECTION 37.

Date and Place of Next Congress. Mr. Scharroo (Holland) invited the Federation to hold its next Congress in Holland in 1926, and the Congress accepted this invitation at the place and date to be fixed later by the Council. SECTION 38.

International Olympic Conference of JUly 27th and 28th. The Congress instructed the Council to nominate delegates . to represent the Federation at the Internationai Olympic Conference oi July 27 and 28, 1924, in Paris. ' SECTION 39.

Sanctioning of the Minutes. The Congress nominated Messrs. Scharroo (Holland), Kishi (Japan), and Parkinson (Australia) to sanction the Minutes with the President. SECTION 40.

Conclusion' of the Congfi!ss; The President thanked â&#x20AC;˘the Fedel'ati()nFran,aise d'Athle' tisme for the help it had given. the International Federation by putting at its disposal its premises and organisation. He aiso thanked Messrs. Genet, Jurgenson and Mericamp (france) and all the otherofficHllsfdrhaving concluded the hard task which had been entrusted to them.

flii!iWilfi@ent

speaking in the name Âˇof the F$deration expressed the pleasure all had taken in duty, the object of everyone having been success of the athietic games of the VIIIth' manKe,a the President for the magnificent'malmer the debate, and for the courtesy

"-gemw having been considered in its entirety, and no the President concluded the meeting Lorlgress at 7.15 P. M. HILDING KJELLMAN

Hon. Secretary. annrov,ed July 22, 1924:

36 M. KIRBY remercie Ie President de ]a magnifique dont iI a mene les debats, de la courtoisie qu'iI a montree envers tous. L'ordre du jour etant epuise, et personne ne demandant plus la parole, Ie President leve la seance et clot Ie Congres a 19 h. 15. Le Secretaire H]LDlNG KJELLMAN. Lu et approuve Ie 22 JuiJlet 1924: J. S. EDSTROM. P. W. SCHARROO. S. KISHI. BASIL J. PARKINSON.

RECORDS DU MONDE Reconnus par la Federation Internationale Athletique d'Amateurs au congres a Paris, en jUillet 1924. COURSES Epreuves Temps ou Distance 100 yard5 9.BS.

220 300 440 600 880 1000 1320

1 mile"

2 miles 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 15 20 25

20.85.

308 /05.

47 2 /55. 1m. to,J,/55. 1m. 52 1 /55.

2m. 12 1 /55. 3m. 2,1/ 55 . 4m. 10 2 /55. 9m. 93 155. 14m Ill/55.

19m. 23 2 /55.

24m. 332 15s.

D]STANCES M]UA]RES. Delen/eur

Nationalite

Date

D. J. Kelly H. P. Drew Ch. W. Paddock C. Ii. Coalfee Ch. W. Paddock B. J. Wefers J. E. Meredith M. V. Sheppard J. E. Meredith

Americain

23.6-06 28.3-J4 26.3-21 J2.8-22 26.3-21 26.9-96 27.5-16 14.8-10 13.5-16 11.6-21 21.8-95 23.8-23 11.6-04 24.S-23 13.6-04 12.5-04 5.11-04 5.11-04 5.11-04 5.11-04 5.11-04 21.7-02 22.9-94 12.5,13

Americain

Lawr. Brown

T. P. Connell Paavo Nurmi A. SlJruhb

Paavo Nurmi Shrubb

Aug-Iais Finlandais Anglais

29m. 592 /55. 35m. 43 /55. 40m. 165.

45m, 273/55.

50m. 40'/55.

lh. 20m. 4 2 /55. F. Appleby

Ib.51m.545.

G. Grossland

2h. 29m. 29 2/55. I-I. Green

COURSES -

Lieu Etats-Unis Canada

Angle terre Suede Angleterre

DISTANCES METRIQUES.

100 met. 10.45. Ch. W. Paddock 200 1 300 33 /55. 400 473 /55 Erich Liddell 500 101.53/55. Sven Lundgren 800 1m. 525. J. E. Meredith 1000 2m. 28 3 /55. Sven Lundgren 3 1500 3m. 52 /55. Paavo Nurmi 2000 501. 26 2 /55. 3 8m. 28 /55. 3000 5000 14m. 28 1/55. 10000 30m. 23 1 /55. Ville Ritola 15000 4701. 183/55. J. Bouin 20000 lh.7m.Ill/5s. Albin Stenroos 25000 T. Kolehmainen Ih. 25m. 205. 30000 Ih. 47m. 13'/55.

Americain

Suedois

Americain

Suedois Finlaiidais

Finlandais

23.4-21 234-21 23.4-21 12.7-24 12.9-22 8.7-12 27.9-22 19.6-24 49-22 27.8-22 19.6-24 7,7-24 6.7- I3 9.9-23 22.6-22 1.10-22

EtatsÂ·Unis

Suede finJande

Suede

firtlande

38 COURSES Temps ou

Epreuves

RECORDS DU TEIvlPS. Dilentear

Distance 1 heure 19021 met. 90 (II miles 1,442 yds) J. Bouin 2 heures 33056 met. (20 miles 952 yds) H. Green

IvlARCHE 1 mile

2 miles 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25

8m. 25 4 /55.

11 2 /55. 254 /55.

13m. 20m. 27m. 14s. 36m. 1/5S. 43m. 26 1 /5S. 50m. 40 4/5S. 5Sm. 182 /55. lh. 7m. 374 /;,5. Ih. 15m. 57'/ss. Ih.59m.12 3/5s. 2h. 47m. 52s. 3h.37m.6 4 /ss.

Nationalite

Date

LANCER DU POIDS Lieu

Franc;ais

6.7-13

Suede

Anglais

12.5-13

Angleterre

DISTANCES IvllLIAIRES

G. I-I. Goulding G. E. Lamer

G. H." GOllldlng G. E. Lamer H. V.

Canadien Anglais

Anglais

Ross

T. Griffith S. C. A. Schofield

4.6-10 13.7·04 19.8·05 19.8·05 30.9·05 30.9-05 23.10·15 30.9·05 17,7·08 17.7-08 20.5·11 30.12·70 20.5·11

Canada

Epreuves

Temps ou Distance

Ditentellf

Lancer du poids de 7 kg.257

15m.54 (51 pieds)

R. Rose

Nationalite Americain

Main droite 15m.39 (50 piects 6 11 .») Maingauche12m.61 (41 "4 1 /2 11 0)(,, 28m. (91 pieds 101/2".)

Date

Lieu

21.8-09

2.6-12

Lancer du marteau de 7kg.257 57m.77 (189 pieds 6 , /,11.) P. Ryan Lancer du poids de 25 kg. 12m.35 (40 pieds 63/8".) M. Mc Grath

17.8·13 23.9-11

Angleterre

LANCER DU DISQUE Etats:'Unis AngJeterre

Lancer du disque 47m.58 (156 pieds 13 q;It.) J Duncan Main droite 45m.571 E. Nikl.mder Main gauche 44m.56("

Americain

27.5-12

Finlandais

90m.13

Finlande

LANCER DU JA VELOT IvlARCHE -

Lancer du javelot

DISTANCES IvlETRIQUES

3000 met. 12m. 534 /5S. G. R.asmussen 5000 21m. 59'/os 10000 45m. 26'/os. 15000 Ih. 10m. 23s. N. Petersen 20000 Ih. 39m. 22s. 25000 2h. 7m. 10'/os.

Danois

7.7·18 6.7-18 18.8·18 9.5-18 30.6·18 6.7-19

66m.I0

Danemark

Main droite l MaingaucheJ

1 heure

13275 met.

2 heures

24256 met.

(8 miles 438 yds.)

(15 miles 128 yds)

J. Myyra

Finlandais

Y. Hackner

SuMois

COURSES DE HAlES 120 yards

220 440

IvlARCHE -

14.45.

23 1 /ss.

54 1 /5S.

Suede

30.9·17

DISTANCES IvllLIAIRES

Earl J. Thompson Canadien Americain Ch. R.. Brookins J. K. Norton

29.5-20 2.6-23 26.6-20

RECORDS DU TEMPS.

G. E. Lamer

Anglais

30.9-05

110 metres 14.8s.

20.5-11

H. V. L. R.oss

COURSES DE HAlES -

Angleterre

200 400

24.6s. 54s.

DISTANCES IvlETRIQUES

Earl J. Thompson Canadien H. L. Hillman Americain F. F. Loomis

18.8-20 1.9·04 16.8-20

Belgique Belgique

SAUT Saut en hauteur sans elan Im.670 (5 pieds 43 rlu .) L. Goehring Saut en hauteur avec elan 2m.015 (6 pieds 75/16".) E. Beeson Saut en longueur sans elan

Americnin

7.7·24

R.ob. Ie Gendre

15m.525

A. W. Winter

Australien

12.7·24

Charles Hoff

Norvegien

22.7·23

Saut a In perche 4m.21 (13 pieds 9a/.f lt .)

France

880 yards

1m. 27 2 15s.

Amencams

(New York

5.7-21

(New York A. C. Team)

5.7-21

Edward Farrel A. C. team) L'Universite } .. d'Illinois Amencatns 28,4-23 B. J. Wefers Jr. } " F. I(. Lovejoy Amencaltls

H. Ray

Danemark

DISTANCES MILIAIRES

B. J. Wefers Jr. }

F. K. Lovejoy

H. Ray

29.8·04

7m.765

Triple saut

440 yards 42'/ss.

2.7·i4

3m,476 (II pieds 4'/8".) R. C. Ewry

Saut en longueur avec elan

COURSES DE RELAIS -

14.6-13

Edward Farrel

Etals·Unis

Epreuves 1 mile

Temps Oll Distance 3m. 18s.

2 miles

4 miles

7m. 47 5 /55.

17m. 21 2 /55.

Dilen/ellr F. C. Kaufman

1600 metres 3m. 16s.

6000 metres 16m. 40 1 /os.

PERFORMANCES REMARQUABLES

(Umv. de

Pensy!vanie) (Boston

College)

J(lIlinois team)

Americains

Watson Joie l(ay

800 metres 1m. 27s.

Lieu

Les performances ci-apres ant ete acceptees par la Federation Internationale Athletique d'Amateurs comme performances remarquables. Dans certains cas les temps sont meilleurs que ceux acceptes comme records du man de, mals Ie temps de ces performances n'ont ete pris que par deux chronometreurs seulemen!.

26.4-24

Krogh

COURSES DE RELAIS -

Date

}

J. Loclnvood D. F. Lippincott J. E. Meredith W. T. Mc KillO P} P. I. Mahoney T. T. Cavanaugh L. 1(. Welch R.ay Buker

400 metres 415.

iVationalite

23.6.23

DISTANCES METRIQUES

Clarcl{

Hussey Murchison Le Coney S. Landers F. J. Davis W. C. Haymond E. Smith Cochrane Hellfrich Mc Donald Stephenson a.Peterson J. Lindbom 1(. Falk. s. :L!1ndgren

13.7-24

France

Americains 7.6-19 (Univ. de Pensylvanie) } . Amencains 13.7-24

Fr?nce

I(EQUl pe

01ympique}

}

Olympique)

Suedois

f(L!(.Gota)

12.8-19

Suede

DECATHLON Decathlon

7.710.775 pts.

Harold Osborne

mile 1 " 2 miles 3 " 4 " 5 " 6 " 7 » 8 1/ 2

MARCHE - DISTANCES MILIAIRES 3m. 7s. 6m. 29'/'s. 13m. 25s. 20m. 45 ' /,s. Aitimano 28m. 19'/'so Ferna!1 dl Italien 29.7-13 Italie 35m ..'i3s. 4 42m. 58 /r,s. 50m. 24 1/5S. ;;7m. 43 2/,s'

Americain 10-11.7-24

France

MARCHE - DISTANCES METRIQUES metres 3m. 55"/os, 6m, II/,s. Rm. 6'los. " 12m. 25 1"s. " 16m. 57 2105. " 21 m. 3l''105. " 26m. 124/,s. Altimano " 30m. 59'/,s. Fernandi Italien 29.7-13 " 35m. 40 2/,,8.

1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 1 heme

Italie

39m. 58s. 44m. 342/'5. 49m. 12 1/,s. " 53m. 43s. " 58m. 17,j/"s. " 19403 metres.

COURSES - DISTANCE METRIQUE 20000 metres Ih. 6m· 36s. Carlo Speroni Italien 27.9-14

Italie

MINUTES OF THE EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION HELD AT THE MINISTERIE VAN ONDERVIJS, KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN, THE HAGUE - HOLLAND from 5th to 8th of August 1926.

Thursday,' August 5th, 10. A.M. SECTION I.

Reception of the Delegates to the Congress by the Dutch Authorities. His Excellency, Mr. M. A. M. Waszink, Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences, welcomed, in the French language; the members of the Congress in these terms: "Gentlemen, I beg to quote one of our great men. When, towards the end of his life, -Admiral Michel de Ruyter was leading his fleet in the Mediterranean, he threw the anchor at Palermo. A delegation came to invite him to a great banquet which the city of Messines was organising in his honour. De Ruyter declined with thanks the honour made him, stating that "to take pleasure in rejoicing, one had to have fought well first". Those words may appear slightly naive, but they are very deep because they show the joy, love and admiration for struggle which ,is innate to the human heart. If the peaceful practice of physical exercises had done no other good than to canalise the fighting instincts of man into the healthy and harmless rivalry of sporting efforts, sports and sporting emulation would have much deserved of humankind. Tens of centuries old, constantly renovated, fiiling with beauty and happiness the eXistence of millions 0 f human beings

to-day acquired a magical prestige which is shared successful contestants in competitions which are passiofrom the five parts of the world. the intense and ever increasing development of diffeof sport, a certain specialisation became necessary,. is how it came about that the International Amateur Federation controls sport in a great number of countries.' work which your Federation has done, consisting things in gathering together various by-laws and printed matter concerning amateur sport, constitutes d'xi"+it,,hlp codification. evi'del1t that such work can only be carried on by the.' qOflstilhtcollllbclrat:ion of the competent men who have assumed, that the International Amateqr Athletic' find its work heightened in importance by the: towards the organisation of the Olympic Games great pieasure that I accepted the Organising to open this Congress. The Government the Queen has much appreciated your decision meetings in the Netherlands, and I am glad of hr,nhlrhHlitv given me of marking my personal sympathy we!col11inlg you here amongst us and Wishing the best and prosperity to your Federation. the honour of opening the 8th Congress of the lB.tÂĽfrlati.onal Amateur Athletic Federation." . of the Federation, thanked the Minister follow'in"- terms:

name of the International Amateur Athletic Federahonour to express our most heartfelt thanks for of welcome that you have just spoken. We at being in the wonderful land of Holland. As mentioned, it is in Holland that the Ninth Olympic lake place in the year 1928. The importance of

52 the modern Olympic Games is well kno'wn but. it may he less, known that the Olympic Games are of great importance to our' Federation, as ihey are at the same time the World's Champion-. ships for ainateur athletic events, no other championships being allowed with us. Athletes and visitors interested in physical culture will air ' be gathered here in 1928. . The importance of physical education for the health of a nation becomes more and more evident. Industrialism,al1d the competition between the nations to be in the first rank mentally and commercially, pushes all human beings to intensive work, which often is carried out by the peopie in a sitting or onesided. position of the body.. In the long run this must spoli the physical forces of a nation. Sports counteracts this bad irifluence ,and are therefore desirable in order to improve the physical condition of a nation. . " .Of the different branches of sport the Field and Tracl< events of Athletism may be as the most simple Ones. The Walldng, the !l.unning, the Jumping and the Throwing alL necessary expressions of living life. Let US therefore hope that our bea.utiful athletic sport will find many active friends, riot only in this country but all over the world, and. not only amongst the youth but also amongst the men and women of mature age. .â&#x20AC;˘ In expressing this hope there is one matter I wish t? bring to the attention of us all to-day: the necessity for the different countries of the world to arrange sporting Âˇplaces and playgrounds in all communities. We see how the workers' children play in the streets where dangers of a thousand sorts threaten Let them have playgrounds and give also the young men. and we elderly ones a chance in properly Jitted sporting grounds to meet other men interested in athletics. ' Before I close I wish to express the most sincere thanks of the Congress to your Excellency and to the Department of Public Education, Arts and Sciences, for the disposition of this beautiful hall of assembly and also for the other apartments' put at our disposal. I feel certain that our important work wiJ[ take place here peacefully and, with success." .

The President then asked the eldest delegate to the Con,gress, Colonel R. M. Thompson (United States) to second him ,il1,the thanl<s he had just expressed, whereupon Col. Thompson the following speech: 'Your Excellency, It gives me infinite pleasure to join my friend, Mr. Edstrom, our thanks to you and to Holland for your gracihospitality. It gives me the greater pleasure because, in sense, I represent a Dutch community as New York one of the earliest of the Dutch colonies. be news to you that in New York City and in two of our important cities - church services are in Dutch, and at least two of our Presidents blood in their veins, namely Martyn van Buren and Roosevelt. also interest you to know that in coming here I by a lady whose object in Visiting Holland the little church where lie the remains of nine of her ancestors, to one of whom, because of serto the State, was granted fertile lands known Wicks which for generations were ruled over

,cOlmrrlt1n!ity in which I was a boy had several citizens ,emigrated from Holland and in every case they were p-o,od - leading citizens - and some of them in their SljIT011l1lnr'I;S became men of great wealth. And so I have brcmglilt up to think of Holland as something very sound substantial and now I know that it is also very you, Mr. Edstrom, for haVing given me this oppormy thoughts with yours, and lance more Excellency, for the kindness which you have

Pr,esi,delzt informed the Congress that the Councll had Congress the members of the International OlymComrniitee who were now in this town on OlympiC affairs:

'54

,Count de Baillet-Latour, President of the I. 0, C., Generai R. J. -Kentish, Vice president of the British Olympic Association, and His, Excellency Dr. Lewald, President of the Deutscher Reichsausschuss liir Leibesiibungen and upon being invited to speak, these gentlemen addressed the Congress in the following terms: j

'Count de BailIet-Latour: "Your Excellency, Gentlemen, 'There are few 'more pleasant sensations in life than that of rendering homage to true merit, and I shall not conceal my pleasure in accepting the tnvitation of your President to greet 'here the Delegates of the Nations affiliated to the I. A. A Fo' of which my colleagues and myself so much appreciate the great :work, ,and in telling you the value we attach to your loyalty to the International OlympiC Committee. , We have always found the Athletic Federation by our side :whether it was in difficult times or when some problem was -to be solved in common. Conscious of your power and your worth, you have preferred loyal collaboration to interior squabbl'ing. Men of action, you attend to sport and disdain politics. ',You could have spoken in a high tone because you know athletics are the corner stone of the Olympic Games to-day, ;as in Hellenic days, and, if you do not know it, I will tell you, 'Edstrom is one of the pillars of our Committee. You have the ',broad'mind of your leader, and you have realised how sad, it 'Avot'tld have been to deprive sport of the help of men ready ito" put their intelligence, activity, time and infiuence at the '.$ervice of a 'good cause. In acting thus, you have been an example to those who hesitated on which course they should -follow, 'imd many are the sportsmen of different federations ',who now realise how just was your conception. In consequence ,1 expect: we' shall be able to' proceed, with our work in an era of peace and quiet. If we look for the difference between the respective acti,'vifies of your Federation and the International Olympic 'Com-mittee; we find that 'it comes from the fact that your object is :to::prodil<;e petter and, befter, champions while ours is to fade

greatest number the practice of athletic sports. do this, you could not because you lack the for the education of the masses. There again efforts will greatly benefit the youth of the world. helpirlg you, the International Olympic Committee a Committee upon Sporting Grounds, having for its Obiect study' of what has been done in the two Ameand England. This information, once gathered, cornmlunicated to all our colleagues Who will endeavour tl\eir people or from their Government an area and village, proportionate with its population, for 'wante,d

succee.d in giving you these grounds, we shall have en13rging the frame of your work, and we once more that we can be useful in sporting interfering in technical details. Next to those :gflJun,GS, swimtninlg pools couid be built for the ,benefit of all. watchful upon ,the moral side of sport, allow me to inculcate to those masses the respect of true amato show how, great is the mistake of those who the more a sport becomes democratic, the more it 'inclilies towards professionalism. of the I. A. A. F. is full of promise. Under your ,c"'vet le11dershio I can foresee the youth of the whole world finer, stronger and healthier and from olympiad to athletes shOWing more and more the true sp6rting which is the tradition with your body and with' ours.'"

"x.,.",..,

R. J. Kentislz: Excellency, Gentlemen, a great honour to me, as a member of the Executive Comtriiij,ee of the International Olympic Committee, to be given of saying a few words to you gentlemen; forming, do, from the Olympic point of view perhaps the greatest International Federations. of all I would say how grateful we, the' International Committee, have all felt that during the recent contrim"rc" between the International Olympic Committee and certain

56 ,members of the International Federations, we have had'behlnd us your great Federation helping and backing us up in the work, which .we are doing in an entirely disinterested manner Jor the good of sport throughout the world. It has been a great encouragement to us to know that you at any rate have appreciated our work and we thank you. I would like to say a word about the next Olympiad. I believe that the 1928 Games will be the best of all the Games which have hitherto been held. That is, perhaps, a very bold statement to make, but I make it for this reason, namely there appears to me to exist a very compiete harmony between, in the first place, the International Olympic Committee andtlle Dutch Olympic Committee, and also between the International Federations and the Dutch Olympic Committee. Here we see, two years before the Games are going to take place, the Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee .meeting in Holland for the express purpose of discussing with the Dutch Olympic Committee the arrangements, and of offering any advice courteously and tactfully that we are able to offer, should they desire to have our advice on points, which intimately confront them in the management of the Olympiad. We are here right in the heart of the country which is organising the Games, not six months before, but two years before are due to take place, and from what I know of Mr. Edstrom, your President, I am sure that it augurs well for the sucZess of the Games because, in my opinion - and, I can say it 1)ere in this room without fear of being called to fight a duel by the boxers or swimmers, - the Olympic Games can only be successful provided the great sport of athletics .is well managed and successfully conducted. And so I think it does augur well for the Games that we see here two great and important bodies - my body, the International Olympic Committee and your body - sitting here in conference and trying to see that everything that can be done to make the Games a success, in collaboration with the Dutcp Olympic Committee, is being done. I only have two more points and then I will sit down. May I . say that there appears to me to be a wonderful future in front of those, who are looking after athletics in their own countrie.s,

57 if their National Federation will put right in the forefront of its programme the necessity of bringing into the system of athletics in their own country the "team" as opposed to the side of the sport. This system of team and Jelay racing, which came, I think, from America, is now making headway in my country, and, although I do not for one IhClIhlent belittle the importance of the individual race and the of champions, provided they fulfil the role of champions devol:e their spare time to, assisting and training the boys follow in their footsteps, it is far more important to have <htlndlre,js of boys and young men taking part in team and relay because they are learning all the time the value of doing ,someJhi,rtg for their team and not for themselves, and in other are subordinating self and making the team the all iI111lortant thing. last point concerns the question of sports grounds I!errains de sport' -- I can only repeat and endorse every word President s.aid, namely, that no system of athletics said to be satisfactory unless the youth of the have their running tracks to. practice on and train on. becam;e we know that in nearly every country there is a and tragic shortage of running tracl{s and sports groUntis - 'terrains de sports' - of all I{inds, the International Committee at Lisbon in May this year passed a resowhich I hope and believe is going to arouse every cotmtIy the world to the importance of prOViding its young adequate facilities for taking part in healthy outdoor and games. It is a social blot on the life of every which does not provide facilities for their girls and take part in the national games of the country. conclude by saying that I sincerely trnst that every Federation is working along the same Sound, and harmonious lines that the International Athletic FeU",tlll,Ull is working, for, if they are, all will be well with 'sport throug:hol1t the world. Uelltleme:n, I thank you."

Dr. Lewald: "Mr. Minister, Mr. President, Gentlemen, As the President of the LO.C. has honored me by his request to extend on behalf of Germany congratulations and greetings to the LA.A.F. at the opening of this Congress in the beautiful capital of our Dutch neighbours and friends, I take much pleasure in doing so because Germany has intimate connections with the LA.A.F., as this Federation was founde<;i in Berlin in the year 1913 and its work has always been inspired by the true Olympic peace spirit. In addition to these sentiments thus put before you I bring a heartfelt olympic greeting, for as pointed but by our President already, we must always remember that the athletic events have also in the old times formed' a main part of the Olympic Games and always shall do so. The work and decisions of your Federation will therefore be of great importance for the Olympic Games in Amsterdam 1928, which games we Germans look forward to with joy and the earnest desire for our part to do all we can 'to make them a complete success. Such as you shape the athletic events, Gentlemen, such they will appear at the Olympic Games. The spirit you put in these sports, born as it is from the minds of true sportsmen, will characterise the Olympic Games. The purpose of the Olympic Games has always been fa develop true sporting minds full of chivalry and noble intentions, minds full of love for their own national sport and also for the internationality of the sport, for the great worldwide friendship to the physical culture. Your Federation will· always work for this very purpose under the leadership of my olympic colleaglle, your honored President Mr. Edstrom. From the bottom of my heart I therefore greet you as the pioneers of the Olympic thought and wish you success in the work you begin to-day. May your work promote the development of the true amateur athletic sport." The President thereupon introduced to the Congress the members of the Dutch Reception Committee, thanking them for he valuable preparatory help which they had given to its work.

SECTION 2.

Election of two Vice-Presidents. The President proposed to elect as Vice-Presidents Capt. Schartoo, President of the Dutch Athletic Federation , R. M. Thompson (United States) who had been present at the Congress in Berlin in 1913, and who had alof great value to the Federation. proposal was accepted unanimously. President, the two Vice-Presidents and the Han. formed the Board of the Congress. SECTION 3.

>'9.pel'iing of the work of the Congress by the President. PI;esident opened the business part of the Congress the Assembly in these terms: "Gentlemen, this Congress now commences its work, permit me our sorrow and deep regret at the death of ' van Leeuwen, the Dutch member of our Rules and We ail remember Mr. Van Leeuwen as one international judges and especially we then think of faithful work at the Oiympic Games at Paris. His 1111'''11> a considerable loss to our cause. last met at the Olympic Games in Paris, at which competitions in field and track events were for the conducted by our Federation. We thereby gained experience, and the Council as well as the Rules will· to-day put before you various propositions the next Olympic Games, which are to be held at 'i/j,It11sterdaITI in this country two years from now. You will in the J'j,)('cuua also find a number of other important questions amongst especiaily mention the remuneration of Athletes touring aDl:oa,a, the International Students' Sports, new World's Records, etc. to our Federation are at present 35 countries. from Portugal, Bulgaria, Mexico and Pem have rp,-pj'"on by the Council, which proposes that these countbe elected Members. To our Federation will thus belong eu:Ulll.ue:>, which is the greatest number of any sports federation. "f1,f1fF'«i:na

The cooperation between our Members is good. Acting on my invitation, delegates from France and Germany met last year and arranged cooperation for the future. Thus th.e last trace of the world's war within our Federation is brushed away and we can, undisturbed, carryon our work for peace and brotherhood between the nations. Gentlemen, I take much pleasure in wishing you welcome to this the Eighth Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. I wish especially to greet those delegates who have travelled from countries on the other side of the Ocean. Their attendance here gives evidence of the importance of our work. We have come from the North, the South, the West and the East of the globe to unite in efforts to improve the beautiful athletic sport. Through the said sport the physical condition of our nations will be improved. Thus our work is for the benefit of the whole of humanity. When we now start am work, I ask you to have patience with me and to assist me in the difficult task of conducting this meeting. Our proceedings will be carried on in several languages and translations must be done. The work will be slow, and we have only three days to go through om long Agenda. If you are patient, however, we shall be able to finish it in due time." SECTION 4.

Calling over the names of the Delegates present. , (Camp. Sections 14 and 27). AUSTRALASIA: AUSTRIA: BELGIUM: FINLAND:

FRANCE: GERMANY:

Alderman W. P. Mc Elhone. Hermann Wraschtil. Fr. Wydemans.. Capt. Lami Pihkala, Dr. R. Slenberg, R. J. Hynninen. Paul Mericamp, Leo Tisseau. F. P. Lang, otto 1\. Helbig Dr. W. Bergmann, Fr. Hassler.

GREAT BRITAIN:

Harry J. Barclay, W. M. Barnard, John MacLean. P. Manitakis. HOLLAND: Capt. P. W. Scharroo, D. J. de Vries, G. A. Burger, J. W. Meijer, C. F. Kellenbach. S. Stanlwvits. J. J. Keane, S. O'Hanlon. John Falchenberg. Prince Etienne Lubomirs1<i. E. A. Hunter. J. S. Edstrom, H. Kjellman, Bo Ekelund. O. A. Schaer. 1\. M. Thompson, Murray Hulbert, J. B. Maccabe. were present 34 delegates representing i 7 nations.

President read a letter from the Ceslwslovenska AthleAnnater1:ka Unie expressing its greetings to the Congress that its delegate designated to attend it had been' unable to come. Greetings were also sent by the Federation Nationale Sportive Bulgare. SECTION 5.

Election of new Members of the Federation. PnQsi,iel:lt, on behalf of the Council, proposed to elect, as of the Federation: BULGARIA, MEXICO, PORTUGAL the last country proVided that the application papers been notified as despatched were found in order by The motion was carried. SECTION 6.

liJilfirma:t!o'n of Minutes of the Congress at PG/:is, JUly 1924. Minutes of the Congress at Paris the 4th, 15th and 1924, were approved.

63 SECTION 7.

. 'Bt. For: 405 Germany,

Financial Statement.

Bt. For: 519 10

The report of the financial situation presented by the Council was adopted unanimously. FINANCIAL STATEMENT. From June 1st, 1924 to June 15th, 1926.

Receipts £

s. d.

Balance 257 14 8 Affiliation fees, 1924: (delayed. payment) Argentine, Australia, Brazil, Chili, Esthonia, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Luxemburg, Poland, South-Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia 45 - Affiliation fees, 1925: Argentine, Australia,C Belgidum'CBh:la.zil, ana a, 1 I, Denmark, Egypt, Esthonia, Finland, France, Germany, d Haiti, Hollan, Hungary, Italy, Japan, LatVia, Luxemburg, Norway, Poland, Roumania, South-Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, TchekoSlovakia, Turkey, Uruguay, U. K., U.SA, Yugoslavia 102 10 -Affiliation fees, 1926: Belgium, Canada, Chili, Denmark, _ Egypt, Finland,. Carr: For: 405 4 8

Expenditure Official Handbookof the I.A.A.F. (1924 -1925) Rules and RegulationsoftheI.A.A.F. (French edition of 1925) Expenses of Congress in Paris, 1924 Expenses during the Olympic Games in Paris, 1924......... Expenses of Congress in Prague, 1925 : Postages, telegrams, stationary, agendas ' etc .. Balance in hands of Hon. Treasurer ...

84103 15 11

L d.

29 15

2 £

30' 4 56 -

3 -8 519 10 3 22 19

519 10 3

(U:SA) seconded by Mr. Maccabe (U.S.A.) Congress to present its congratulations and thanks and Council for the very economical manner in administration of the Federation had been carried out. congl'ess joined in this proposal.

5 18

-43 18

Adoption of Budget. of the. Council the President presented the

2 .3-.

flom 16th June 1926, to the next Congress

SECTION 8.

319 11 . 8 BUDGET 1926 to next Congress of the Federation.

15 - 80 - 60 - -

Carr: For: 519 10'3

For: 474 11

Two official Handbooks Printing of Rules & Regulations, French and English editions ...... Translations......... Expenses for the Congress at the Hague, 1926 ......

s. d.

80 -

100 20 -

60 -

Carr: For: 260 -

65 Bt. For: .474 11

474 11

Bt. For: 260 - Expenses for pre. i. paration of the Olympie Games 1928.................. 20 Expenses for the representation of the I. A. A. F. at various Congresses 40 Stationary, postage, telegrams, .agendas, etc............. 50 - Unforeseen expenses 104 11 8£

474 11

The budget was adopted unanimously.

which athletes could receive remuneration for taking athletic competitions outside their" own country. The G.()nm·p« at Prague in 1925 had expressed a wish to "the same considering this question, the Council had proposed would have the right to receive payment travelling or other expenses for a longer period than year in all, including days of travelling (continuous 'journev, excepted). An extension could be given if the selected by the Association of his country to take Games or represent his country in matches country, and the Council would be entitied to exitensiom also in other cases if it deemed proper. the discussion of this question, Mr. Falchenberg seconded by Mr. Schaer (Switzerland), proposed to to a period of 14 days, that being the usual holiday taken by a man of ordinary social

SECTION 9.

International Intercourse. In order to improve international sporting relations between different countries, the Co.uncil had decided to propose that all correspondence in international affairs should pass through the Members of the Federation. The President explained the meaning of this new regulation which prevented individual athletes or clubs from taking part in competitions abroad without the knowledge and consent' of the governing bodies of their countries. After a short discussion the proposal of the Cotincil, seconded by Mr. Falchenberg (Norway), was carried unanimously. (At" 12.25 P.M. the meeting was adjourned until 2 P.M; the same day).

Thursday, August 6th, 2 P. M. SECTION 10.

Remuneration to Athletes Touring Abroad. It had been proposed by theKoninklijkeNederlandscheAthletiek Unie and by Mr. Harry Barclay, Honorary Secretary to the Amateur Athletic Association (Great Britain), to limit the time

(South Africa) proposed 21 days, not counting 'of:1:ravle11i n, p". (Switzerland), seconded by Mr. Mericamp '!'."""C"j,sug"j,ested that an exception should be made only in continuous" journeys by land or sea amot1l1ting to days. of the numerous amendents put forward, the thought it advisable to put the question once more Council and proposed that it should elaborate a based upon the suggestions made during the disnew text would be placed before the Congress at pn)pc)sal was accepted by the Congress. SECTION II.

Women's Athletic Sports. Pr:esl'de,'zt presented the report by the special Committee which had been composed as follows: Prout(U. S. A.), President Genet Vice-President (Belgium)

67 Major Marchant (Great Britain) Dr. Bergmann (Germany)

The special Committee had a first meeting in Paris on the 3rd of March 1926, and after having examined the situation, had taken the fOllowing decision: "Taking into account the principle that there cannot be more than one national power for governing each sport, that, concerning athletics, an international federation governing women's athletics has been formed apart from the I. A. A. F. and that from now onwards it is in the real interest of female sport advisable to conform to this principle, the special Committee RESOLVED to ask the F. S. F. I. to nominate three delegates, with full powers, who would meet representatives of the 1. A. A. F. in Paris at the end of April for the purpose of regulating definitely this question." This mixed Committee, including Messrs. Edstrom, Genet and Wydemans for the I. A. A. F., had met on the 29th April 1926, in Paris. It had agreed to the folloWing proposition: "The Federation Sportive Feminine 1nternationale (F. S. F. 1.) shall conduct women's athletic sports by delegation from the Council of the 1. A. A. F. The F. S. F. 1. must comply with.Jhe technical rules drawn up by the 1. A. A. F. which shall nominate a special Committee for that purpose. The F. S. F. 1. shall also comply with every concerning this sport." decision of a general The special Committee having met again at Scheveningen on the 2nd of August, 1926, had approved this decision and decided to submit it, with the folloWing addition, for the approval of the Congress: "All the federations or nations affiliated to the 1. A. A. F. shall, if they so request, be accepted as members by the F.S.F.1. Women's sports should be organised in every country by the member of the 1. A. A. F. either by itself or by delegation to the Women's Federation (if any) already in existence."

special Committee also proposed to revise the third taken by the Congress on the 4th of July 1924, and the 1. O. C. to include in the programme of the Olympic to be held at Amsterdam in 1928, and in folloWing Games, the following athletic competitions for women: 100 metres flat 800 metres flat 4 X 100 metres Relay Running High Jump Throwing the Discus (best hand) President warned the meeting that here it had before qUiostiion of the greatest importance. question to study was whether women should be compete in athletics in the Olympic Games. 1ÂŁ the in the negative, it would mean that the Federatiorr/r.ofU:3ed to control athletics for women, and the discussion Clu,eu at once. Pilzkala (Finland) spoke with vigour against athletics Wl)rnen, which he considered contrary to the classic olympic feared that their participation in olympic meetings some measure of ridicule upon them. The case same as in other sports like swimming, tennis, etc., informed the Congress that in Finland the women were opposed to the idea of athletics for women nl'vmnic Games. Ll",ru"r (South Africa) considered that inasmuch as the athletic movement was gathering force it was this duty to control it. Rnrrl'n" (Great Britain) said thatin his country women did be governed by men and that also theBritish Amateur did not want to control athletics for women. President called the meeting's attention to the fact other sports like swimming, fencing, tennis, etc., the Federations controlled the events for men as well women, and that there was no question of splitting in two; he saw no reason why this should for athletics, especially as the women would certainly same athletic grounds, implements, etc.

68 The question to be settled was whether should be an International Amateur Athletic Federation or an "International Amateur Athletic Federation for Men". Mr. Ekeland (Sweden), taking into consideration the various opinions that had been expressed, thought it would be fair to give. the women a chance of showing what they could do, if only as an experiment, and proposed that the Olympic Games of 1928 constitute that experiment, on the condition, however, that this should in no way engage the future. He consequently proposed to suppress in the last paragraph of the proposition of the special Committee' the words: "aud in the following Olympic Games". Mr. Mlfricamp (France) seconded Mr. Ekelund's proposition, adding that feminine sports, non-existant a few years ago, had now become a great reality; the experiment, therefore, ought to be made. Besides, he found that the negotiations between the federations had somewhat engaged this Federation along such lines. Although in France women's athletics were not controlled by the Federation Fran,aise d'Athletisme, he considered that in the case of international sports unity was an absolute necessity, and that a sporting federation bearing the name of "International Federation" had no right to ignore one half of mankind. Mr. Barnard (Great Britain) declared himself opposed to the admission of women to the Olympic Games. He recognised that the improvement of the race was to be obtained by sports, but doubted that the admission of women to 'Olympic Athletics would be an improvement. A decision had to be come to at once but the Congress must remember that if it accepted women' in the Olympic Games of 1928, it would be a very difficult matter to dismiss these events from the programme of future Olympiads. Mr. de Vries (Holland) stated that in his country the experiment of the control of feminine sports by the National Federation had been made with satisfactory results. He con" eluded in favour of the admission Of women's athletics in the Olympic Games but, in order not to risk disaster in 1928, he advised that this admission be only effective for the

69 lOihOlympic Games, in 1932, and that, then, this decision be final. Dr. Bergmann (Germany) explained the point of view of In Germany feminine sports had been organised same lines as in Holland, with the same happy concontrol and supervision had been extended over of five years for many thousands of women participLlllt'UC', and it was clearly shown that athletic sports useful for the building and maintenance of in the first years. the average performances of one-third lower than those of men, whilst in the they were only inferior by one fifth, which fraction as the normal difference between the working po!;sic>i1i!ies Of women and men. has been definitely recognised, and if he in favour of the admission of women to in the OlympiC Games of 1928 as an experiment, of his conviction that the experiment would to be in favour of athletics for women. uo,wneL R. M. Thompson (U.S.A.) reminded the Congress efforts had been made to reduce the Olympic Proand expressed the fear that the admission of, womerl Athletics would inevitably entail difficulties of a ]JriH:ti,cal order. President, in answering to this, remarked that the of the special Committee only comprised five events easily be included in the programme during the which the Dutch OlympiC Committee had granted Pe(ienitio,n for its Olympic competitions. taking into account the fact that the Congress of eliminated four events from the Olympic programme, be found that this programme was not appreciably (Finland) was of the opinion that athletic represent a struggle iil which endurance plays a great is the case with all sports inspired by the idea of

combat, an. endurance for which men are prepared by heredity while women are not. He concluded by asking the Congress not to adopt the proposition made by the special Committee.

Mr. Falchenberg (Norway) understood that the Âˇmain argument against the admission of athietics for women in the Oiympic Programme was the need that had been felt of a reduction in the general Programme. On the other hand, if athletics were good for men, and it was now proved that they were good also for the other half of the human race, this federation could not fail to take this chance of makina this " other half share in the benefit of athletic sports. . He proposed that the Congress support Mr. Ekelund's motion that the experiment be made in 1928. Mr. Manitakis (Greece) expressed the opinion that if the advantage of the practice of athletic sports by women has been proved in an indisputable way, the 1. A. A. F. should give possible encouragement to feminine athletics and in consequence agree to control it and add events for women to the programme of the Olympic Games. . Mr. Wydemans (Belgium) reminded the Congress that in fact the recognition of athletics for women had been decided in a definite manner at the Paris Congress of 1924, and that the participation of women in the Olympic Games was a normal conclusion to this decision. He also added that the inclusion in the programme of the five events in question did not materially complicate its organisation. On the other hand, the Federation should not lose sight of the fact that it would be compelled to organise world's championships for women whether they were admitted to the Olympic Games or not, and that if it were to be done outside of the Olympic Games and at another time, that would precisely constitute the worst complication. It would also be fair to take into consideration the wishes of the countries where women were ready to compete. Mr. Wydemans concluded by a recommendation that the proposition of the special Committee be adopted.

Mr. Hulbert (U.S.A.) stated that in the United States women's athletic sports were placed under the control of the A. A. U., and that as a matter of fact they were directed by the of the Committee for female sports, Mr. Prout, who not been able to attend this Congress. Ladles' championhad been organised in 1925 and in 1926, and there had a great increase in the popular interest for athletic meetwhich women participated. On the other hand, women their appreciation of the chance that had been them of competing within the limits permitted by the meOlc,al authorities. the National Associations organised the national women's Qhampio,nsl.1ips, it was evident that the International Federation sn0'111Q organise the world's Championships, that is to say the Games. discussion. upon this point having ended, the President the vote. the proposition of the special Committee as amen(lea by Mr. Ekelund. By 12 votes: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States; against 5: Australasia, Finland, Great Britain, Hungary, and Ireland, decided to include in the programme of the Olympic Garnes of 1928 events in' athletic sports reserved for women. After a short discussion the Congress decided to adopt the proposed by the special Committtee. Mr. Hulbert (U.S.A.) voted against the 800 mehes race that distance was not recognised for women by the U. remainder of the proposition of the special Committee adopted unanimously, and the Congress empowered the Presidel.1t to form the Committee which is to be entrusted control of athletics for women. In case of disagreewith the F. S. F. 1. the Council is to act.

73 SECTION l2.

Friday, August 6th, 10,15 A. M_

Students' Sports. The Amateur Athletic Union of the United States had proposed that international collegiate competitions might, under certain conditions, be considered as closed competitions, and would therefore not require the sanction of international authorities. The same proposal had been made by Mr. G. Kirby (US.A.) at the Congress in Paris in 1924, which had deferred it to the present Congress. The Council asked the Congress to decide that no exception could be made for Students. Mt. Hulbert (US.A.) having spoken in favour of the motion and Col. Thompson (U.S.A.) havtng expressed his opinion on the question, it was moved by Mr. Stanlwvits (Hungary) and seconded by Mr. Hunter (South Africa) that the point of view of the Council be adopted. This proposal was carried unanimously. The United States refrained from voting.

SECTION 14.

Calling over the names oj the Delegates present. Representatives of Australasia, Austria, Belgium, FinGermany, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Hungary, )Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Roumania, South Africa, Sweden, United States of America. delegates from 19 nations were present. Representatives of Italy, Dr. Gino Colussi, and RouMr. M. Romanesco, who had not had the opportunity present at 'yester'day's meetings, were introduced to

SECTION 15.

Committee on Women's Sports. President stated that the Council had appointed the for

SECTION 13.

Athletic Rules. According to the decision taken at the Congress in Paris, in 1924, the Rules for Field and Track events had been split up into: A. General Rules for InternatiOnal Competitions, B. Special Rules for the management of Olympic Competitions. These new Rules, whiCh had been thoroughly discussed by the Rules and Records and in, which had been inclUded those of the proposed alterations, the adoption of which was recommended by the Committee, were placed before the Congress for discussion at the following day's meeting. (At 6 P.M. the Meeting was adjourned Until 10 A.M. the following day.)

Sports according to yesterday's meeting. as follows: Milliat (France), President. Bergmann (Germany), Vice-President. Re1/mejnd (Switzerland) Bergmann (Germany) Me:,srs. Stewart (U.S.A.) Valousek (Czechoslovakia) Marchant (Great Britain) Wydemans (Belgium) Kovacicr(Jugo-Slavia} Lilie (Sweden) Ferrqrio (Italy) PavillOIl (France) Âˇ(U,S.A.) Burger (Holland) Wraschtll (Austria) Dr. Lamb (Capada).

74 SECTION 16. Athletic Rules jor International Competitions in Field and Track Events. With regard to the proposed rules for international competition of which copies had been handed to the members of the yesterday, the President pointed out that they contamed several 'new items which did not figure in the old Rules and stated that these points would be discussed at the same time as the various articles of the Agenda concerning the same subject. The President also pointed out that, in accordance with several motions, a revision had been made in order to bring together items and rulings which beionged together. . The first reading of the new Rules was made and met with no opposition in principie on the part of the Congress. SECTION 17. Athletic Rules. - Particulars. The second reading of the Rules for international competitions was made, during which the following qnestions were discussed and deCided on:

75 1lI1aW", France, Germany, Greece, Hoiland, Hungary, Sweden, Switzeriand. Against: - Austraiasia, Belgium, Rrif"in,u'eJal1u, Italy, Roumania, South Africa). Uj,m:u States abstained from voting.

Lanes and their measurement. with a proposal of the Deutsche Sportbehorde regarding the measurement of the track, the Re,cords Committee had proposed that, on condition Cdnl1!'ess decided that no stringing and staking be used, should be measured 30 cm. from the inner border 20 cm. from their respective borders. proposed that the measuring should begin border and the line thus obtained become all the lanes to be measured at the same inner limits. discussion, during which the German deiesatisfied with the proposal of the Comittee, and the Hon. Secretary stated that considered Mr. Wydemans' proposal as an it found theoretically correct, but which, in to difficulties, the proposal of the Com-

A) The Course. Stringing and staking. The Finlands Gymnastik och IdrottsforbuÂŁfii proposed that the entire course be marked with a 2 inch. chall< line, and no stringing and staking be empioyed. Capt. Pilz!lala (Finland) spoke in favour of the motion and was seconded by Mr. Stankovits (Hungary) and Mr. Burger (Holland). , ' Mr. Barclay (Great Britain) was of the opinion that the method of marking should be optional. Mr. Hulbert (U.S.A.) said that in America they had done away with stakes and strings and that, in order that men competing abroad should not meet with unfamiliar conditions a uniform rule should be adopted. ' The discussion haVing been closed, the proposal of Finland. was put to the vote and carried by ten votes to seven. (For:

/Deutsche Sportbehorde fiir Leichtathletik had proposed sU:PP()f!ing the crossbar be altered in such a way the cross-bar may also fall backwards, i.e. in the uprights. Similar proposals had also been Mericamp, Hon. Secretary of the Federation and the Finlands Gymnastik- och IdrottsFederation had also proposed that, instead cross-bar, a square cross-bar made in used. The joining-piece between these two ,."'''"e,,! cross-bar from bending. implements,produced by the German Mericamp, had been placed before the Com-

mittee, which had agreed in principle. The Cominittee thought, however, that it wO'lld not be advisable to come to a definite decision withollt first seeing the new method put in practice. It was decided by the Coinmittee to propose that a fUrther study of the question should be made, that blue prints illustrating the new method should be drafted, and that a bar in two parts sholild be supplied by the Dutch Federation to be shown in practice at Haarlem on August 8th. Mr. Hulbert (U.S.A.) said that, in order to do away with the criticisins so often lodged against American jumpers, he would be only too pleased to see the sliggestions reported on carried out. Mr. Lang (Germany) having stated that the German Federation had not put the inotion forward in order to criticise American athletes in jumping events, but in order to increase the possibilities of a fair judgment, the motion of the RUles and Records Committee was carried. It was given to the RUles and Records Committee to take a final decision. D) Hurdles.

It had been pointed out by the Deutsche Sportbehorde Iiir Leichtathletik that nothing was stated about the fastening of the wood uprights in the support of the hurdle, and the Rules and Records Committee had proposed that these uprights be fixed in the exact centre of said supports. Mr. Ekelund (Sweden) remarked that this position of the upright would constitute' a great danger for the runner, because in falling, the forward .dispiacement ofthe top bar of the hurdle starts upwards. He therefore proposed that the uprights be placed two-thirds forward along the length of the supports in the direction of running. After a short discussion, the proposition of the Rules and Records Committee was accepted. Mr. Hulbett (U,SA) haVing asked if a runner should have a fault counted against hiin, if the articulated part of a hurdle came down because of faulty fixirigby the officials,. the President replied, referring to the RUles, that in slich a case the

should COllS1'1er tbat the hurdle had been brought down aW.I"L". The Congress declared itself in agreement view. regarding the 200 metres hurdie race, as proand Records Comittee, was accepted by the

proposed by the Koninklijke Nederlandsche the Congress should draw up rules for the established by an athlete in another own. stated that this question as far as it conRe,:ords, would be taken up in connection with As far as it might concern national Fri,mc;T proposed that the motion be rejected, as entitled to make regulations about interior this rejection. Recol:ds Committee, considering that a rocking upon as in accordance with the Rules, the Congress to adopt this view. <H,'ilhprf (U. S. A.) asked that this question be left to starter. eUj"w,ta (Finland) seconded Mr. Hulbert's point of view. decided that this question should be studied later Rule 11 of the new Athletic Rules. proposed by the Finlands Gymnastik- och by Mr. Paul Mericamp, Han. Secretary of the Fr:an\:ah;e d'Athletisme, that a clearer definition of be given. The Finnish AssociatiOn had also propenalties be re-introduced as they were according Rules 1914. R1ihkllla (Finland) explained the meaning of the propo"""--,',,l-. Association and recommended their aqoption.

78 Mr. Hunter (South Africa) speaking about the rocking start proposed the foliowing amendment to Rule 11, clause 8, which wouid also cover the first part of the Finnish proposition: "Rocking starts are forbidden, i.e. the whole body of the competitor must be quite steady and motionless at the report of the pistol." Mr. Hunter also recommended to distinguish between a false start and a faulty start, in which latter case, no competitor having gone over his mark before the pistol shot, a disqualification would not necessarily foliow.

lr"iu/,g at finish.

(U. S. A.) placed before the Congress a draWing t:te,Ya"t:u stand for the judges at finish which he proposed recorrlm'oncled for use at international meetings. accepted the proposal and decided that the said stand should 'be introduced With the UlllC"" implements and apparatus. rnWherr.

Jump and Pole Vault.

(At 1 P. M. the meetIng was adjourned until 2 P. M. the same day.)

Mi'ric'dtrzn (France) had proposed that when a compeside or going beneath the bar, passes the this should be counted as a failure trial

Friday, August 6th,

/Ri'es/'de,"t stated that, as the Rules and Records Com-

2.15

P. M.

(Section 17 continued.) The discussion upon the Rules regulating starter and starts was resumed. Mr. Hulbert (U. S. A.), on behalf of the Amateur Athletic Union of U. S., supported Finland's proposal about penalising after the first false start. For the rest he found that the starter ought to be the sale judge of the facts, even in respect of rocking starts. Mr. Ekelund (Sweden) also supported Finland's proposal regarding penalties, and proposed that the qljestion be referred back to the Rules and Records Committee. The principles discussed being put to the vote, decisions were taken by the Congress. In respect of the re-introduction of penalties, proposal was rejected by 12 votes (Australasia, Belgium, Great Britain, Greece, Holiand, Hungary, Irelan<), Italy, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Switzerland) against 7. (Austria, Finland, France, , Germany, Roumania, Sweden, United States). Finland's proposed ruling on false starts was rejected by a great majority. It was then decided to refer the question to the Committee asking it to put a revised text before the Congress at to-morrow's meeting.

able, after a lengthy discussion, to come this point, the Committee had decided to the Congress. by 9 votes to 8, that in the case stated be counted as a failure trial. (France) had also suggested that it would if it could be permitted in the case of trial made at a height could beat the Records Committee had been of the opinion could not be made in a tie and this point confirmed by the Congress.

""'iiinrlil'< "'COI'U

(France) had asked if the rule regarding l11c:mllt:u grips of corle <Hill'h'iJ'u \ Britain) having stated that in his opinion C:on"r'ess decided that grips of cork should be

(France) had proposed to draw a balk line 'Jifvelirl'throwinQ' as in the case of the pole vault, high-jump events.

80 The Rules and Records Committee had decided not to recommend the adoption of a balk line in Javelin throwing, as being of very little need, and. the Congress confirmed this decision. Mr. Ekelund (Sweden) proposed, as a consequence of the decision reported under I) that in no case should a balk line be used in future. Mr. Mericamp (France) joined in the motion, which was also seconded by Mr. Barclay (Great Britain) and accepted by the Congress. Rule 29 was therefore struck out of the Rules, 30 (Running High Jump) 32 (Pole Vault), 3.3 (Running Broad Jump) shoulc:l be amended accordingly.

(Great Britain) spoke in favour of the old that a jumper could commence at any height method was the only one which guaranteed put to the vote and was rejected by 11

nrr'''''"fT

the Hammer.

having. decided, according to a proposal of VYiW"," GyrrmastilI- och Idrottsfiirbund, that if the hammer the air it shall not be considered a throw

was performed in accordance with the (U. S. A.) proposed the following amendment 'If the hammer breaks while in the air and ifIitletitor heret,y loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, iihF"i-ii,,,rif against himÂŤ. was carried. Hillb"rf

L) Relay Races.

Mr. Mericamp (France) had asl(ed if it ought not to be specially stated that the baton must be passed while within the starting zone. The Rules and Records Committee had decided that both runners must be within this zone when passing the baton, and that was also the decision of the Cono-ress. .

M) Bload Jumps.

Mr. Mericamp (France) had proposed to fix width of the excavation, for instance, 3 yards. The motion, seconded by Mr. Hulbert (U. S. A.) was accepted by 9 votes to 5. N) RUlllling High Jump and Pole Vault.

It had been proposed by the Finnish Athletic Associatio <lnd hy the Amateur Athletic Union of Australia and New Zea land that a competitor might decline to jump at any heigh (except the first), but if he fails at the next height he shall be .crec:litedonly with the height he actually cleared and shall no be allowed to go back and try at the .height which he pre; viously omitted. This motion had been rejected by the Rules and Records Committee. CqjJtain Pihlzala (Finland) explained the motives of th' proposal.

proposed by the Finlands Gymnastik- och rotfsfc;rDl1nd that the competitors should be permitted to use The Rules and Records Committee asked ,iCc/,nO'fP'" to reject the motion. (Finland) spoke in favour of the Finnish was seconded by Mr. Ekelund (Sweden) who not understand why only private javelins should '.6rI5idc:leln; private implements of other kinds having, as far accepted in Paris in 1924. f'alch,enbel'[T (Norway) spoke in the same sense, saying be willing to adopt the Finnish proposal on all competitors were permited to use these pri(Great Britain) said that Mr. Ekelund was saying that private implements were used in the events at the Paris Games. He also stated that, in opi.nion, the Organising Committee should furnish all impleorder to prevent, for instance, one competitor from

82 destroying his own javelin, after use, in order to deprive another competitor of the use thereof. Mr. Romanesco (Roumania) was of the same opinion. The President put the proposal of Finland to the vote. lf the answer was in the negative, the existing rules would remain in force. The proposal was rejected by 13 votes to 5.

Ties between two or more individual competitors. The Finlands Gymnastik- och Idroftsf6rbund had made the follOWing proposal: "In case 01 a tie between two or more individual competitors Hnishing simultaneously, each 01 them shall score for his team a number of points obtained by diViding the total sum of their position numbers, reckoned as if they had, instead of being tied, finished regularly in a file, with the number of such competitors." Thus, for instance, if two competitors Hnish tied for second place, each of them shall score two and a half points. This proposal was accepted.

of Walking. Rules of Walking had been proposed by the Amateur Union of Australia and New Zealand. With, a slight these had been accepted by the Rules and Records and inclttded in the Athletic Rules. the proposal of Mr. Hulbert (U. S. A.) the Congress to adopt the new rules of walking as drawn up by the

Q) Team Race.

R) Pentathlon.

It had been proposed by the Finlands Gymnastik- och Idrottsf6rbund that the rule of the Pentathlon be altered to correspond to the ancient Hellenic Pentathlon' system; Capt. PiMala (Finland) explained the suggested new method for the Pentathlon. After a short discussion during which Mr. Ekelund (Sweden) declared himself strongly opposed to Capt. Pihkala because, if his method were adopted, a competitor would be able to win the Peritathlon if he was first in only three events out of the Hve, the proposal made by Finland was rejected. Capt. Pihkala proposed that in case of a tie in a Pentathlon competition the method of counting points just adopted for the team race should be applied for the Pentathlon. This proposal was accepted, the Rules and Records Committee to draw up the exact ruling which was to be included in the Athletic Rules.

Athletic Implements. had been decided at the Congress at Paris, in 1924, that a llossi'ble furnishers of the implements should be drawn up. P,-p.â&#x20AC;˘idpI1.i stated that the Rules and Records Committee nniÂˇhihcr with regard to this question, but had nomi(Hungary) as Honorary Secretary of the Mr. Stankovits had undertaken to study the dffurnishing, approving and stamping the official implebefore the Congress which would take place time. announcement was received with general applause. 5 P. M. the Meeting was adjourned until 10 A. M. the followilllZ day.)

<:NI'",'Clnll

August 7th, 10.15 A. M. SECTION 18.

Calling over the Names oj the Delegates present. Delegates from all the countries represented in the Congress present. Present was also the President of the Dutch Ol11mpic Committee, Baron A. Schimmelpenninck van del' Oye, was welcomed and introduced to the Congres by its President. Baron Schimmelpenninck thanked for the kind reception him and expressed the 'hope that since the delegates had their way here, they would find it easy to return in 1928.

85 SECTION 19.

Handball. It had been proposed by the Deutsche SportbehOrde fUr. Leichtathletik that Handball be put under the jurisdiction of the 1. A. A. F. The PI esident stated that the Rules and Records Committee had decided to propose that the German Federation should he requested to translate their rules into English and French and forward same for stUdy to the Members of the 1. A. A. F., after which the question would be again studied. Mr. Lang (Germany) spoke in favour of the German motion and asked if in 1928 it would be allowed to give a demonstration of this game. In such a case Germany would arrange to have two teams brought over for the purpose of giving this demonstration. Mr. Keane (Ireland) stated that another sort of Handball - played with a tennis ball against a wall - was very much practiced in Ireland and also in various other countries and recommended that also this game should be put under the jurisdiction of the 1. A. A. F. Mr. Hulbert (U. S. A.) stated that in America the Amateur Athietic Union has jurisdiction over the game of Handball, which is the same one as in Ireland. However he did not urge that the 1. A. A. F. should take jurisdiction over that game. He only wanted to point out that it was an excellent form of exercise, which enabled athletes to keep in good condition, and added that the A. A. U. would make all possible provision for the study of that game. Mr. Barclay (Great Britain) spoke against taking jurisdic' tion over the game of Handball and suggested that it should have its own Federation, our Federation having already enough to do in governing athletics. Mr. Mericamp(France) proposed that a special Committee of the 1. A. A. F. should be nominated to study the different games of, Handball, the report of which Committee should be submitted to the Congress in 1928.

and Keane (Ireland) agreed, after which approval of Mr. l'Mricamp's proposal. He game, as played in Germany, was principally Germany actually had 8,000 teams of II men teams, and he thought that it was an women. ciiscw;sicm being closed, the President stated the two i;prop,)silliOllS which had been submitted, namely: Mericamp and others, to the effect that a sllbulld be formed, and Barclay, who had formulated his proposal thlllh'",I"" words: expresses the opinion that the 1. A. A. F. the game of Handball under its jurisdiction hope that all those interested in Handball and form an association on the lines of lU""UIL

of Mr. Mericamp was carried by 14 votes left to the President to appoint the Committee, of persons forming that Committee would be afternoon. SECTION 20. The Amsterdam Stadium. Pr'esidei'zt stated that the Rules and Records Committee Mr. Jan Wiis, architect of the Amsterdam Stadium, explained to the Committee the detaiied plans of the heard Mr. Wiis, the Committee had expressed :fol1o'lIinlg' wishes: the 100 m. course be widened and two more lanes be added on the outer side; that the course for 200 m. be as far as possible made with one curve and with a radius of about 40 metres; that three places for broad-jump (and hop, step and jump) be constructed with at least 45 metres' length and at least I '/2 m. wide;

86 'd) . that the tunnel for the entrance of the competitors be placed in the vicinity of the 100 metres starting line; e) that. the dressing,rooms for Ladies be placed in the upper story and as near as possible. to the tunnel leading to the inner ground; f) that a room be reserved for the office of theLA.A.F.; g) that a special closet, with separate lock, be reserved for the storage of the officially-stamped implements! Mr. Wils.haddeclared that he would carry out the desires and wishes of the Committee to the best of his ability, and had prOmised to come to the Congress on Saturday morning. Mr. Wils arrived and was introduced to the Congress by the President and proceeded to explain the revised designs which he had drafted according to the wishes of the Federation; Several members of the Congress suggested that the sid of the Stadium at which the 200-metre track would begin, b made entirely of cinder, and the architect promised to prepar new designs which would be exhibited during the excursion t Amsterdam to-morrow. The President expressed the thanks of the Congress Baron Schimmelpenninck, Mr. van Rossem, Secretary of D. O. c., and .Mr. Wils for their kindness in arranging for demonstrations to be given before the Congress. SECTION 2J. Olympic Rrogramme. The PI esident stated that the Finnish Gymnastic an Athletic Association had made the following proposal: "That the 4 X 400 Relay Race and the 400 metre Race be omitted from the programme and be replace by the so-called Swedish Relay, i.e. 400+300+200+10 metres Relay Race, run in Âˇthe order mentioned." The Rules and Records Committee had proposed that th Finnish motion be rejected. The PreSident read the arguments of the Finnish Associa; tion' and stated that, in his opinion, the proposal seemed goo from the financial point of view..

87 the Finnish proposal was rejected then read a second proposal of the Finnish effect that the Pentathlon should be reinfor the Olympic Games. declared that this motion had been that the Pentathlon Rules would according to a preceding motion of the and withdrew the proposition. SECTION 22. on the Olympic Programme. orclDo:sed by the Amateur Athletic .Union of. that a 5,000 metre walk be added to the the walk to be conducted as one race, !Pf<JllClsa] 'had been made by the Amateur Athletic New Zealand. Records Committee had decided to submit Congress. At the Congress in Paris it had votes to 4 that the walk should be omitted S. A.) recommended the motion, saying very much in favour of the re-introduction the Olympic Programme and moved that the Pr<jpclsition should be adopted. (France) expressed the hope, in view of i!fi(:t1lty;e:xperienl:ed by judges at former Games, that the onlW:ed for ever from the programme of the Britain) stated that his country would of a 10,000 metre event, but if this were it would be satisfied with the 5,000 metre walle (Italy) having strongly recommended Messrs. Falchenberg (Norway), Ekelllnd (Roumania) and Capt. Pihkala (Finland) they were against it, the President put fItilper['s moticm to the vote.

It was rejected by 9 votes (Austria, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Roumania, Sweden, Switzerland) to 8 (Australasia, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, South Africa, U. S. A.). Belgium and Poland abstained from voting. The Olympic Programme therefore remains as decided at the Congress in Paris in 1924. SECTION 23.

Remuneration to Athletes touring abroad. According to the decision reported in Section 10, the Council had again studied the question regarding athletes .touring abroad and proposed that the following Rule be added to the Amateur Status: "No amateur shall have the right to receive payment for his travelling and other expenses, to enable him to take part in competitions abroad, for a longer sojourn than 21 days in all per calendar year spent in foreign countries. Accumulation of these 21 days in two consecutive years cannot be allowed. An extension can be given the athlete by the Association of his country, if he is selected by said Association to take part in Olympic Games or represent his country in matches against another country. The Council of the LA. A. F. is entitled to make extensions also in other cases if it deems proper. The national associations are responsible for the faithful observance of the above rule and shall keep a complete record of time spent abroad and expenses incurred by their athletes, the record to be laid before the LA.A.F. if called for." There being no objections, this text was adopted. SECTION 24.

Questions raised by the International Olympic Congress at Prague, 1925. The President informed the Congress that the Congress at Prague, 1925, had made the following recommendation to be studied by the 1nternationai Federations, viz:

instructors and coaches who teach for money, directly or indirectly, can in the Oiympic Games nor serve as members of the Juries. Professors or teachers specially train or teach competitive sports e:x:i,fCtses may take part in the Games and serve as of the Juries." had also been brought up on the Agenda npel1t.scllOportbe:horde fUr Leichtathletik. corresponds to the Rules of the Counc:il considered no decision necessary. this. E."'uw .

SECTION 25. Nt'co.rdiflll ati'iv,als by slowly-moving cinema.

before the Congress the following Nederlandsche Athietiek Unie:

of the 1. A. A. F. time past efforts have been made to settle or regarding the rotation of finish in races, by of the finish. These efforts have failed is almost impossible to make the exposure and the most important moment (the the line) cannot therefore be photographically desufficient reliability, not even if an electric appal'allls for working the shutter is used. not to be wondered at, that Kinematography of a connected series of rapid photographic should be thought of for this purpose. In normal 16 exposures are made per second, and these projected upon the screen at the same speed mCltlcrn reproduction true to nature is the result. For of very rapid movements however this number of per second is still insufficient. Too few and too movement-phases are taken, and in rapid separate images themselves are not sharp enough.

./"';'.'''<'.

90 The so-called "slow-motion" apparatus can in such cases be used with advantage. With this apparatus many more exposures per second are made, and if these are afterwards projected upon the screen at the usual speed of 16 per second, a movement results which is 7 or 8 times slower than normal. Moreover a much greater number of movement phases is available, from which the moment in question can easily 'be picked, and finally the individual images are also much sharper, also in very rapid movements. Thus, if the question of the rotation of arrival can be answered by photography, then the "slow-motion" apparatus is the most effective method. Nearly all photographs of the finishes of sporting events which one sees in the illustrated papers, are taken slantingly from the front, so that the competitors had to approach the camera at an angle. This is done so that the speed is apparently less and the resulting photographs are thus sharper. This position is not advisable for the aforementioned object. The breaking of the tape by the foremost competitor would be quite clear, but on the arrival of the others, the tape haVing already been broken, it is no longer possible to decide definitely when and in which sequence they arrive. To attain this object the camera therefore must in any case be placed on a line with the tape, so that in regard to later arrivals it can also be accurately determined when they cross the line. If, however, the camera be placed on the ground leyel, itÂˇ may happen that the competitor who is nearest to the camera, and who will of course appear tbe largest on the resulting photograph, completely or partially obscures the others. In that eyent it would notge possible to see in which rotation these arrive, and whether'perhaps another competitor arrives at the same moment as tUI! pne nearest to the camera. Tbis difficulty could be overcome if the finish could be taken directly from above, in which case no competitor could obscure another in the range of vision. Apart from the practical objections to this position, the difficulty would arise that owing to the bending attitu.;le in wbich runners arrive, one would not be able to determine exactly the moment at which one of them first reached the tape because, seen from above, he would hide this with his body.

91 considerations, a point 3 ' /2 metres above 8 metres from the middle of the track and has been chosen as the most suitable place as thereby one looks down at the finish from operator is so high that the competitors do and the tape also remains quite visible. of expo,ure has been determined at 120 exposec:on(i, In this manner (he speed of the movements 8 times, which is sufficient to allow of rapid followed on the screen afterwards. maxirnu:m speed in a race to be 10 metres per OOI.ulll> a sufficient number and sufficiently close phases, with the above-mentioned number second, to make an accurate reading possible. apparatus permits a speed of 240 it does not appear to us to be necessary speed for this object. It would make the expensive, as more film would be used the greater speed. made with the "slow-motion" apparatus (0 supply definite evidence in all cases of disonly do this when one is absolutely certain exactly in a line' with the tape, as only results are perfectly reliable. Tbe finish, must, po:ssilJle, be so arranged that it is not necessary to of the operator in placing his camera, but el1t"felot placing is immediately apparent franz the photo then is it impossible to contest the results obtained. this is best attained, proVided (reckoned from C11IJl.era) the furthermost finish post is rather thin and long, white; the finish post nearest to the camera is a thin white cord which runs vertically over the and on the ground a clear white chalk line or be placed. If, when focussing one can see the white post, the tape on the ground and the front finish slro,j,,111 line, that is sufficient proof that the camera cn,rpc'tlv 'placed and no doubts can be entertained regarding of the results.

92 The first series of the films which will be shown to you was made at Rotterdam. The camera stood 2'/2 metres high, and 8 metres from the middle of the tracle The position here was, in our opinion, too low. There is a risk that the approaching runners obscure each other, and moreover, persons who consequentiy must be present at the finish, (jury &c.) often obscure portions of the field of vision. In the second series which was taken at Amsterdam, a higher position - 3'/, metres - was chosen, and this position appears to be the correct one. Conclusions. It is beyond doubt, and several of the trial exposures prove this convincingly, that the "slow-motion" apparatus can yield an unassailable decision in difficult cases of finishes in races. The following points should be borne in mind: 1. The correct position for the apparatus is the continuation of the finish line, raised to such an extent that it points to the finish at an angle of 30Â°. 2. The exposure speed must be at least one hundred exposures per second in order to obtain a sufficient number of movement phases. It need not, however, be more than 150 per second. 3. The exposure must not be longer than 1/350th of a second, so that the arrivals are also sufficiently sharply portrayed on the separate images as to make decisions possible. 4. The finish must be so arranged that from the images themselves it is indisputa)Jly clear that the camera was correctly placed. 5. It is also advisable that a dark room be provided on the ground itself, so that within a few minutes of the exposure the d"cisJon can be read from the negatives. 6. It is also advisable that a lense chosen with such a depth of focus that the figures of the arriving competitors do not vary too much in size. In conclusion it may also be pointed out that if the exact time of arrival of No. I is known, that of later arrivals can be seen from the film. If ihe exposures are regularly made at a speed of say 125 exposures per second, then it is only necessary

of exposures between the arrival of No. I Each exposure represents 1/125 second. technically possible for the dial of a chronoon the images. For another purpose such an by our film operator. If, for instance, chr:onotrreter was started electrically at the starting shot, read from the film the time of arrival in supposing that chronometers sufficiently nurn,)se are to be obtained. In any case, this 1l1CI11U'" of determining the time in which the entirely eliminated. "-

lVl,,,",c'al1!/J (France) said that in filming the arrival of should be two cameras - one to the right left. When only one camera is employed then to it is favoured. The man next to him the same line, but it would appear in the was behind. on behalf of the Congress, expressed the Committee would at the finish of important in the Olympic Games of 1928 use slowly-moving the pictures of which should be ieft to the of the Commission governing the Games. Pr,Qsi,'1el:,t also promised that the report of the Dutch would be printed for the use of the members of and proposed a vote of thanks to the Dutch Federation for the splendid work which it had done. President's proposal was adopted with acclamations. 1 P. M. the Congress was adjourned until 2 P. M.)

aw'ra,av. August 7th, 2 P. M. SECTION 26.

Athletic Rules. proceeded with the third reading of the

u'fo=QV.

Rules were definitely adopted, 1-10, 12-28, 31, 43-47, 49-52, 54-70 without alteration, II (Starter),

30 (Running High Jump), 32 (Pole vault), 33 (Running Broad Jump), 41 (Throwing the Hammer), 42 (Track and Lanes), 48 (Team Race), 53 (Pentathlon) as amended by the Congress. In respect of Rule 51 (Marathon Race), the President stated that the Rules and Records Committee had decided to obtain from Athens the exact classical Marathon distance. As no answer had yet been received, it would be necessary, it appeared, to keep the old rule ,until the next Congress. The Rules thus adopted would be published as early as possIble in the official languages. (At 3.15 P. M. the Meeting was adjourned until 5 P. M.).

The. Meeting was resumed at .5.15 P. M. SECTION 27.

Arrival of Portuguese Delegate. The Portuguese delegate, Mr. J. do Carma Da Camara,

SECTION 30.

Programme day by day for. the Olympic Games. The following programme day by day for the Olympic Games, elaborated by the Rules and Records Committee, was placed before the Congress: THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME DAY BY DAY.

First day. 2.00 p.m. 2.00 "

2.00 " "

2.30 " " 3.30

4.00

4.00 4.30

arrived and was introduced to the Congress by the President. 20 nations were now represented in the Congress.

5.00 " "

SECTION 28.

2.00 p.m.

Handball. The President announced that the Handball Committee had been nominated and consisted of the following members: Mr. F. P. Lang (Germany), President. Mr. O. A. Schaer (Switzerland), Hon. Secretary. Messrs. J. B. Maccabe (D. S. A.). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). S. O'Hanlon (Ireland). P. Mericamp, (France). G. Malmgren (Sweden). W. P. Me Elhone (Australasia). SECTION 29.

Special Rules for the Management of Olympic Competitions. The proposed new Rules for Olympic competitions, which had been handed over to the Congress on Thursday, were studied. No objections haVing been raised, these Rules were accepted.

400 m. hurdles (Trials) Running high jump (Trials) Throwing the Javelin (Final) 100 m. flat (First trials) 800.m. flat (Trials) 100 m. flat (Second Trials) Running high jump (Final) 400 m. hurdles (Semi-final) 10,000 m. flat (Final)

Second day. 2.00

2.30 " " 3.15 " II 3.45

4.15 "

4.45

100 m. flat (Semi-final) Throwing the Hammer (Final) 100 m. flat -- Ladies (Trials) 400 m. hurdles (Final) 800 m. flat (Semi-final) 100 m. flat - Ladies (Semi-final) 100 m. flat (Final)

Third day. 2.00 p.m. 110 m. hurdles (Trials) 2.00 Running broad jump (Final) " " Throwing the discus - Ladies (Final) 2.00 » " 2.30 " , 200 m. flat (First trials) 3.15 800 m. flat (Final) " " 3.30 100 m. flat - Ladies (Final) 3.45 110 m. hurdles (Semi-final) " " 5,000 m. flat (Trials) 4.15 " " 5.00 200 m. flat (Second trials) " " II

97 Fourth day. 2.00 p.m. 2.00

2.30 " " 3.15 " " 3.30 " lJ 4.15 " " 4.30 lJ lJ 4.30

200 m. flat (Semi-final) Pole vault (Trials) 800 m. flat - Ladies (Trials) 110 m. hurdles (Final) 3,000 m. Steeple-Chase (Trials) 200 m. flat (Final) Pole vault (Final) 1,500 m. flat (Trials)

Fifth day. 2.00 p.m. 2.00

2.00 " " 3.00 " " 3.30 1I JJ 4.00 " "

400 m. flat (First trials) Putting the shot (Final) Hop, step and jump (Final) 1,500 m. flat (Final) 800 m. flat - Ladies (Final) 400 m. flat (Second trials)

Eighth day. Marathon race (Start) Running high jump - Ladies (Trials) Throwing the Discus (Final) 4X 100 m. Relay (Semi-final) 100 m. Relay - Ladies (Final) 100 m. Relay (Final) Running high jump - Ladies (Final) m. Relay (Final) Marathon race (Arrival) moved that the programme be accepted. discussion, during which Mr. Stankovits men's and women's events should not be Ekelu'nd (Sweden) suggested that the women's y'uoo_ together, either at the beginning or programme, the Olympic Programme, Rules and Records Committee, was accepted.

Sixlh day. 10.00 a.m. Decathlon, 100 m. flat 1l.00 " " Decathlon, Running broad jump 2.00 p.m. 400 m. flat (Semi-final) Decathlon, Putting the shot 2.00 5,000 m. flat (Final) 2.30 . Decathlon, Running high jump 3.00 " 400 m. flat (Final) 4.00 " Decathlon, 400 m. flat. 5.00 Jl " JJ

Seventh day. 10.00 a.m. Decathlon, 110 m. Hurdles Decathlon, Throwing the Discus 11.00 Âť 2.00 p.m. 4 X 100 m. Relay (Trials) Decathlon, Pole Vault 2.00 2.45 " 4x 100 m. Relay -- Ladies (Trials) 3,000 m. Steeple-Chase (Final) 3.30 Decathlon, Throwing the Javelin 4.00 4X400 m. Relay (Trials) 4.00 Decathlon, 1,500 m. flat 5.00 " JJ

SECTION 3l.

Languages. proposed by the Deutsche Sportbehorde fiir athletic rules, circulars, etc., be published in and German in order to avoid misinterpretation. German language be used at the congresses. pto,po"ed by the Han. SecretalY and seconded by M""irn (France) that German should be reinstated as' beside English and French. was accepted and it was given to the Council alterations to the By-Laws which were the con,e<jllewce of this decision. SECTION 32.

Timing in 1110th or 115th of a second. read, in part, a report prepared by the Ij.ssOCl.aucm Suisse de Football et d'Athletisme. Rules and Records Committee, as the result of the report, proposed that the Congress should decide

98 upon the abolition, in future, of the method of timing in 1/10th of a second and the maintenance of timing in 1/5th of a second only. The Committee also asked the Congress to decide that at the next Olympic Games the timekeepers shall use only watches tested and certificated at an astronomical or physical institute during the same year in which the Games take place. Finally the COmmittee proposed that the Congress should adopt as a recommendation, that the rules and conditions of the test be similar to those adopted by the Teddington National Physical Laboratory or the Kew Observatory, which rules and conditions are to be sent to all Members of the Federation. Mr. Schaer (SWitzerland) explained the report which had been prepared by his association, and suggested that a CommIttee be appointed to stUdy automatic watches registering on a tape. He also favoured the use of microphones; these had proved most satisfactory by reason of Âˇthe fact that nervousness on part of the timekeeper was prevented. Mr. Mericamp (France) suggested that the studies be continued and that, for the present, the chronometer registering 1/5th of a second should be used, and that each watch used should be provided with a certificate. He also suggested that every watch used should be exa" mined and certified both before and after the races and that during the intervals between the athletic meetings they should be entrusted to the care of an official nominated for the purpose. Mr. Barnard (Great Britain) thought that chronometrical timing in 1/5th of a second was not sufficient for short races, and suggested the adoption of the use of watches permitting a more exact timing. These watches, he said, had often been used in England and had proved satisfactory. The proposals made by the Rules and Records Committee were adopted. It was also decided that the question should be studied further, and the President suggested that Switzerland should be asked to take charge of the question. Mr. Schaer (Switzerland) accepted this proposal and the Congress decided accordingly.

99 SECTION 33.

International meetings. Hon. Secretary of the Amateur Athletic Britain, had suggested that regulations up respecting the terming as "internationals" representing a particular club in comhad proposed that this motion be rejected. withdrew his proposal and no decision was

SECTION 34.

Handball. placed before the Congress the report of appointed earlier in the day (comp. report reads as follows: "UUlLll1l1lee proposes that the Congress decide that dilferÂˇent games of Handball be submitted for stUdy Committee which will report upon the advisability these games under the control of the I.A.A.F. or the creation of a new federation. This report will at the next Congress. present Committee is recognised as competent for the jurisdiction of that sport until the next Congress takes its decision thereupon. The Committee asks the national associations of all COttn.tJ:ks in which those games are played, to give it all the information possible, with documents and photoand invites those associations to take jurisdiction over Handball. The second meeting of the Committee is fixed for the 27th of November, 1926, at Cologne, where it will stUdy rules and documents then received." pointed out that this report was against the Pf()pclsal '01. Great Britain who wished that the game of Hand>UC'UlU not be taken under the jurisdiction of the Federation.

100

101

Mr. Hunter (South Africa) suggested that the latter part" of Section I be deleted. In his opinion, it was dangerous to give so much power to a committee. Mr. Schaer (Switzerland) insisted on its retention. Mr. l(eane (Ireland) was also in favour of retaining the latter part of Section I of the Report of the Handball Committee. By 13 votes to 6 the report was accepted as presented by the Committee. SECTION 35.

Throwing the Discus. -

Antique Style.

The Union des Societes Helleniques d'Athletisme et de Gymnastique had proposed that rules for Throwing the Discus, Antique Style, be added to the International Rules for track and field competitions and had presented a proposal of such regulation. The Rules and Records Committe recommended that the Greek Association of Athletism and Gymnastics should be asked to translate these rules into English and German and forward them, with an explanatory description and 'illustrations, to all Members of the Federation, in order to give them an opportunity of studying and practising them. Final decision to be taken at the Amsterdam Congress. It was decided accordingly. SECTION 36.

Performed in 1924. 220 yards 11 urdles 23s. High jump 6 It 8 /.j L 500 metres 10,000 20,000 30,000 100 yards

220 Discus Throwing

SECTION 37.

Confirmation of World's Records. Mr. Stanlwvits (Hungary), on behalf of the Rules and Records Committee, put before the Congress the following list of the new World's Records, and recommended them to be confirmed by the Congress.

Paulen, Holland

30 m. 06.2 s.

Nurmi, Finland

1 h. 7 m. 7.'2 s. I h. 46 m. 11.0 s.

Kyronen,

Stenroos,

Paddock, D. S. A.

9.6 S.

20.s s. 156 ft.

V.17. in U.S.A. V.27. VII. 25. VIII. 31. VlIL 31. VIII. 31.

Norway Finland

IX. 6.

D. S. A.

IX. 6.

(47 m. 61 em.)

Lieb,

4 miles

19 111. 15.13 s.

Nurmi, Finland

2<1 m. DB.:! s.

Javelin Throwing 66 m. 62 em. (218 It. 6.83 L)

IX. 14. X. 1.

"Finland

X. I. Lindstrom, Sweden

X. 12.

"Sweden

IV. 25.

in U. S. A.

Pelformed in 1925. 4X880 yards relay 7 m. 42 s.

Discus lhrowing

157ft. l5/s i. (47 m. 89 Clll.) 4X 110 yards relay 42 s. 3,000 metres 8 m. 27.0 s. 2.000 5 m. 26 s. Run. broad jump 25 It. 10 7 / S L (789 em.) 20,000 m. 1 h. 6 m. 29 s. 4x1500metresrelay 16. m. 37 cm. Pole vault 423 em. (13 ft. 10.73 L) 425 em. (13 It. 11__li.) 400 metres hurdle 53.s s.

European Championships. The proposition by the Magyar Athletikai that European Championships be established every fourth year alternating with the Olympic Games was withdrawn by Mr. Stankovits.

' (203 em.) 1 m. 03.s s.

Brookins U.S.A. Osborne

Georgetown University, U. S. A. Hartranft, U. S. A. University of So. California, U. S. A. Wide, Sweden

3,000 metres

s. s.

8 m. 20..1 s.

V.16. VI. 7. VI. II.

l'lubbard, U. S. A. VI. 13. SipiHi, Finland VI. 19. 1. F. Linnea, Sweden Vnf. 2. Hoff, Norway

Pettersson, Sweden

Pelformed in 1926. 3,000 metres 8 m. 25.4 500 1 m. 03.0 880 yards 1 m. 51.0 4X1500 metres relay 16 m. 26.2

Sweden

U.S.A. " Stockholm Sweden .!

VIII. 13.

Norway

IX. 27.

Finland France

X.4.

v. 4. VI. 6. VII. 3.

in Berlin " BUdapest " London

Turun Urheiloliitto, Abo, Finland VII. 12 Nurmi, Finland VII. 13

"Stockholm

Nurmi, Finland Peltzer, Germany

The Congress decided to accept the above records as World's Records, The Rules and Records Committee also proposed: that Worid's Records shall in the future be accepted only by the Congress of the Federation,

103

102

that when a World's Record is made by an athlete of a foreign country, the National Association of the country where the record is made, shall proceed to verify the record in the same way as it does for its own athletes. The record having been passed by the said National Association, the Record blank adopted by the I. A. A. F. shall be filled out and forwarded to the I.AAF. The Association shall also send a duplicate of this blank to the National Association of the athlete. These proposals were accepted. The Commtttee furthermore proposed that when the time taken for a longer distance is better than, or as good as, the time taken for a shorter distance, the time for the longer distance' shall cover and be recognised as the record for the shorter distance. In accordance with the above rule the records already passed by the I. A. A. F. shall be amended accordingly. This was also accepted" Mr. Hulbert (D. S. A) asked to be recorded as having voted in the negative. To facilitate 'and guarantee in time to come the proper preparation of World's Records under the jurisdiction. of the I. A. A F., the Committee finally recommended the estabhshment of a permanent Bureau of World's Records. The duties of the said Bureau would be to receive, register and file all Record blanks forwarded to the Federation, to do all preparatory work concerning them, to examine the records and collect, through correspondence, all additional data necessary for their completeness to report'to the Committee, to keep an official book of all reco;ds passed by the Congresses of lhe I. A. A. F., and to invite all Members to send in the future all Record blanks to the address of the said Bureau. The Committee proposed to appoint Mr. Stankovits as Han. Secretary of the Rules mid Records Committee and empower Mr. Stankovits to keep said Bnreau at Budapest. This proposal was adopted. (Applause.)

SECTION 38.

Other questiolls put forward to the COllgress by the Council. The Council proposed the folloWing amendment to paragraph 2 of Ruie 5 of the By-Laws of the Federation: "In the absence of the President, the Han. Secretary shall take his place." It was decided accordingly. The Council also proposed that the following Resolution be adopted: "Having heard the report of the delegates to the Conference of the Bureau Permanent at Prague, 1925, and in Paris, 1926, the Congress of the I. A A. F. convened at the Hague and composed of representatives of 20 nations, expresses its dissatisfaction at the attitude taken at such conferences. This Congress desires to express tts appreciation of the splendid work done by the I. O. C. in promoting the Olympic Movement all over the world, and hopes that the Sporting Federations will continue to support the I. O. C. in its great work, as does the I. A. A F." The President accounted for the Conference at Prague 1925 and also explained the reason for this proposal. Mr. Barclay (Great Brttain) and Mr. Wydemalls (Belgium) gave a summary of the meeting of lhe Bureau Permanent in Paris on the 10th July 1926. After a short discussion the proposal of the Council was unanimously adopted. SECTION 39.

Election of Coullcil. The Presidellt, stated that his period of office had expired, and that a new president had to be elected for a period of 4 years. No Vice-President being present, he asked Mr. Hulbert (U. S. A.) to preside during this election. Mr. Hulbert took the Chair. . Mr. Maccabe (U. S. A) moved that Presidellt Edstrom be re-elected President of the Federation, this proposal being greeted with acclamation.

104 There being no other member nominated, Mr. Barclay (Great Britain) stated that he would, with the greatest pleasure, second the proposal of Mr. Maccabe. Mr. Edstrom was unanimously, and amidst applause reelected President of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. Mr. Edstrom thanked the Congress most heartiiy for his re-election and stated that his office, though often entailing considerable work, had always been and would continue to be, thanks to the'unfaiiing cooperation whic1:) he received from all Members of the Federation, a pleasure to perform and one easy of execution. He then stated Ihat the next item on the Agenda was the election of an Hon. Secretary-Treasurer. As that office should, according to the RUles, be held by a fellow-countryman of the President, he had the pleasure of proposing the re-election of Professor H. Kjellman, for a period of 4 years. Professor H. Kjellman (Sweden) was unanimously reelected Honorary Secretary-Treasurer to the Federation. (App-

lause.) The President stated that Mr. Tisseau had, up to date, acted as Assistant-Secretary and that he wished his renomination.

(Applause.) Messrs. Barclay, Genet and Stankovits were unanimously re-elected as Members of the Counell. Mr. Maccabe (V. S. A) proposed the name of Mr. Murray Hulbert (V. S. A.) instead of Mr. Prout (D. S. A.) - Mr. Hulbert was elected. Mr. Stenberg (Finiand), who had been Ihe fifth ordinary member of the Council, stated that he would prefer that Mr. Vtiino Teivaala, Chairman of the Alhletic Committee of the Finnish Association, be elected to sitoll the Council of the 1. A A. F. Mr. Falchenberg (Norway) wished that Mr. Stenberg accept re-election. (Applause.) Mr. Stenberg (Finland) thanked the Congress but preferred to decline the invitation. The President stated that, Mr. Stenberg having declined re-election, it was proper that another Finnish member should

105 succeed' him. To this proposal Capt. Pilzkala (Finiand) expressed Willingness on the part of his country to give up the p?ace in favour of Germany and proposed Mr. F. P. Lang, PreSIdent of the Deutsche Sporlbehorde liir Leichtathietik.

Mr. Maccabe (D. S. A) was of the opinion that courtesy demanded the election of a Dutch member and proposed Mr. Burger (Holland). Mr. Burger (Holland) was by 12 votes to 7 (one abstention) elected Member of the Council in succession to Mr. Stenberg (Finland). SECTION 40.

Election of Rules and Records Committee. Mr. Fred. W. Rubien (V. S. A) was re-elected as Chairman of the Rules and Records Committee. Were re-elected as members Messrs. Barclay (Great Britain), Coen (Italy), Mericamp (France), Stankovits (Hungary), Hon. Secretary of the Committee. Messrs. Bo Ekelund (Sweden) and Karl von Halt (Germany) were also elected members of said Committee.

The President wished to state that at the Congress was to-day present a man who had worked for the Federation from the first day it met at Stockholm in 1912. He had always worked on the Rules Committee and his work had always and particularly during the last week - been so extremely useful that the Committee wished to continue its cooperation with him. They therefore unanimously proposed that this person, Mr. Joe Maccabe (D. S. A), be nominated a personal member of the Rules and Records Committee. Mr. Barnard (Great Britain) said that he had been to many conferences since the Berlin Congress, and that he knew the immense amount of work which Mr. Maccabe had done for the benefit of the Federation, all of which he had carried out in the true amateur spirit. Mr. Barnard therefore Seconded the motion of the Committee. Mr. Maccabe (V. S. A.) was granted a personal position on the Rules and Records Committee and was given full power to vote as any other member.

106

107

The President then stated that the seats on the Rules and Records Committee were, with one exception, filled. He asked if Holland insisted that a Dutch member should occupy this place; if not, he would appreciate it if Mr. Stenberg (Finland) would accept it. The Hon. Secretary and Mr. Burger (Holland) also recommended Dr. Stenberg, whereupon he was unanimously elected SECTION 69.

Date and place of the next Congress. The President proposed that the next Congress be held at Amsterdam in July, 1928, at a date to be decided by the Council. The Congress agreed. SECTION 70.

Election of three delegates who shall sanction the Minutes together with the President. The Congress appointed Messrs. Stanlwvits (Hungary), Falchenberg (Norway) and de Vries (Holland) to sanction the Minutes together with the President. The President invited all other members of the Congress who would be present at the Hague on the 9th of August, when the Minutes were to be read, also to countersign the Minutes. SECTION 71.

Conclusion of the Congress. Mr. Hulbert (D. S. A.) in the name of all the Delegates at the Congress, expressed their sincere thanks to the President for the unceasing and tireless manner in which he had conducted his difficult task, bringing the Congress through many shoals and dangers into a harbour. of safety and on to the road . to a successful Olympiad. .The President thauked the Delegates for their good collaboration. There had not been the slightest difficulty during this Congress. All had worked most harmoniously together and with

the intention of putting their best efforts into the work for athletic sports. In consequence, the results, he considered, had . been excellent. .

The President thanked the Hon. Secretary for the big work he had done, and also thanked most heartily Mr. Schaer, Mr. Tisseau and Mr. Rogers for the excellent way in Which they had translated the debates. He also wished to extend his thanks to the lady-stenographers and to the members of the Press who had most correctly recorded the numerous deliberations. The President also moved a vote of thanks to the Koninklijke Nederlandsche Athletiek Dnie for the kind reception in Holland and to the Organising Committee with its President, Major W. G. van Hoogenhuyse, for its splendid organisation of the facilities in connection with the Congress. (Applause.) Having come to the end of the Agenda and no Delegate asking for permission to speak, the President closed the Conaress at 8.25 P. M. '" Signed: I-IILDING KJELUvlAN Read and approved. The Hague, August 9th, 1926. J. S. EDSTRbM. D. J. de VRIES. JOHN FALCHENBERG. S. STANKOVITS. P. MANITAKIS. MGN. STENBERG.

HOll. Secretary.

108

109

OLYMPIC PROGRAMME. Officia) List of Events for Track and Field at Olympic Games. Each nation shall be allowed four entries, four to .start in all individuai events, except the Marathon, where six entries . shall be allowed with six to start. One team per nation in team and relay events. In all team and relay races each nation shall be allowed to enter not more than twice the number entitled to score. Competitions jor Men:

100 metres flat. 200 metres flat. 400 metres flat. 800 metres flat. 1,500 metres flat. 5,000 metres flat. 10,000 metres flat. Marathon Race (42,195 metres =26 miles 385 yards). Steeplechase, 3,000 metres. Hurdle Race, 110 metres. Hurdle Race, 400 metres. Running High Jump. Running Broad Jump. Running Hop, Step and Jump. Pole Vault. Throwing the Javelin (with the Javelin held in the middle), best hand. Throwing the Discus, best hand. Putting the 7.257-kg. (16-lb.) Shot, best hand. Throwing the 7.257-kg. (16-lb.) Hammer.

Decathlon comprising: 100 metres flat. Running Broad Jump. Putting the 7.257-kg. (16-lb.) Shot, best hand. Running High Jump. 400 metres flat. Hurdle Race, 110 metres. Throwing the Discus, best hand. Pole Vault. Throwing the Javelin (with the Javelin held in the middle), best hand. 1,500 metres flat. Relay Race, 400 metres. Teams of 4, each manto run 100 metres. Relay Race, 1,600 metres. Teams of 4, each man to run 400 metres.

Competitions jor Women:

100 metres flat. 800 metres flat. 4 X 100 metres Relay. Running High Jump. Throwing the Discus, best hand.

THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME DAY BY DAY. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.30 3.30 4.00 4.00 4.30 5.00

First day.

P.M. 400 m. hurdles (Trials) "" Running high jump (Trials) "" Throwing the Javelin (Final) "" 100 m. flat (First trials) "" 800 m. fiat (Trials) "" 100 m. flat (Second Trials) "" Running high jump (Final) "" 400 m. hurdies (Semi-final) "" 10,000 m. flat (Final) Second day.

2.00 2.00 2.30 3.15 3.45 4.15

P.M. 100 m. flat (Semi-final) "" Throwing the Iiammer (Final) "" 100 m. flat - Ladies (Trials) "" 400 m. hurdles (Final) "" 800 m. flat (Semi-final) "" 100 m. flat - Ladies (Semi-final) 4.45 "" 100 m. flat (Final) Third day.

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.30 3.15 3.30

P.M. 1I0 m. hurdles (Trials) "" Running broad jump (Final) "" Throwing the Discus - Ladies (Final) "" 200 m. flat (First trials) "" 800 m. flat (Final) "" 100 m. flat - Ladies (Final) 3.45 "" 110m. hurdles (Semi-final) 4.15 "" 5,000 m. flat (Trials) 5.00 "" 200 m. flat (Second trials) 2.00 2.00 2.30 3.15 3.30 4.15 4.30 4.30

P.M. "" "" "" "" "" "" ""

Fourth day.

200 m. flat (Semi-final) Pole vault (Trials) 800 m. flat - Ladies (Trials) lID m. hurdles (Final) 3,000 m. Steeple-Chase (Trials) 200 m. flat (Final) Pole vault (Final) 1,500 m. flat (Trials)

110

III Fifth day .•

2.00 P.M. 400 m. flat (First tria is) 2.00 Putling the shot (Final) Hop, step and jump (Final) 2.00 " 3.00 1,500 m. fiat (Final) 800 m. flat - Ladies (Final) 3.30 400 m. flat (Second trials)' 4.00 " l1

EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD'S RECORDS WILL BE ALLOWED. ADOPTED 1921.

Sixth day.

10.00 A.M. Decathion, 100 m. fiat 11.00 Decathlon, Running broad jump 2.00 P.M. 400 m. flat (Semi-final) Decathlon, Putting the shot 2.00 " 2.30 " " 5,000 m. flat (Final) Decathlon, Running high jump 3.00 " " 400 m. flat (Final) 4.00 Decathlon, 400 m. flat ·5.00 " " 11

Seventh day.

10.00 A.M. Decathlon, 110 m. Hurdles Decathlon, Throwing the Discus 11.00 " 2.00 P.M. 4 Xl 00 m. Relay (Trials) Decathlon, Pole Vault 2.00 'IX 100 m. Reiay - Ladies (Triais) 2.45 3.30 3,000 m. Steeple-Chase (Final) 4.00 » Decathlon, Throwing the Javelin 4.00 11 JI 4X400 m. Reiay (Trials) Decathion, 1,500 m. flat 5.00 " " 1I

Eighth day.

2.00 P.M. Marathon race (Start) Running high jump - Ladies (Triais) 2.15 » " Throwing the Discus (Final) 2.15 4 X 100 m, Relay (Semi-final) 2.30 " 3.00 'IX 100 m. Relay - Ladies (Final) 4 x 100 m. Relay (Final) 3.15 " 3.30 Running high jump - Ladies (Final) 4 X 400 m. Reiay (Final) 4.00 " " Marathon race (Arrival) 4.35 " " II

RUNNING. 5,000 metres. 100 yards. 6,000 220 " " 7,000 300 " " 8,000 440 " " 9,000 600 " " 10,000 880 " " 15,000 1,000 " " 20,000 1,320 " " 25,000 " 30,000 35,000 " 40,000 " 1 hour, and 2 hours.

100 metres. 200 " 300 400 , 500 " 800 " 1,000 1,500 " 2,000 " 3,000 " 4,000 "

WALKING. 1,000 metres. 8,000 metres. 1 mile. 2,000 , 9,000 2 miles. 3,000 10,000 3 " " " 4,000 15,000 4 " 5,000 20,000 5 " " 6,000 ," 25,000 6 " 7,000 7 " and 2 hours. " 1 hour,

1 mile. 2 miles. 3 4 " 5 " 6 " 7 ," 8 9 " 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 "

8 miles. 9 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 "

HURDLES. Ten hurdles each. 120 yards 110 metres (Hurdies 1.06 metres [3 feet 6 inches] high.) 200 metres 220 yards (Hurdies 76.2 centimetres [2 feet 6 inches] high.) 400 metres 440 yards (Hurdles 91.4 centimetres [3 feet] high.) JUMPING. Standing high jump. Running high jump. Standing broad jump. Running broad jump. Running hop, step and jump.

113

112

WORLD'S RECORDS.

VAULTING. Pole vault for height.

Accepted by the I. A. A. F., August 7, 1926.

THROWING THE HAJliIMER 7.257-kilogram [I6-pound] hammer. (length 1.219 metres [4 feet]; 2.134-metres [7-foot] circle).

PUTTING THE SHOT. 7.257-kilogram [I6-pound] shot, best hand. 7.257-kilogram [I6-pound] shot, both hands. (2.134 metres [7-foot] circle).

THROWING THE WEIGHTS. 25.401-kilogram [56-pound] weight for distance. (2.134 metres [7-foot] circle).

JAVELIN. Throwing the javelin, best hand. Throwing the javelin, both hands.

DISCUS. Throwing the discus, best hand. Throwing the discus, both hands. (2.5 metres [8 feet 2 ' /2 inches] circle).

RUNNING. Event

100 yds 220 300 440 600 880 1,000

Time or Distance

Holder

Four men to run equal distances. 400 metres. 440 yards. 880 , , 800 1,760 , 1,600 , 2 miles. 3,200 " , 4 6,000

The Congress at the Hague, in Aug. 1926, decided that an office for World's Records be opened under the leadership of Mr. S. Stankovits, the Honorary Secretary of the Rules and Records Committe. The address of said office is: Mr. S. Stankovils, IV. Eskiiter 5, Budapest, Hungary. The Members are requested to send all applications for World's Records to said office, where also blanks will be had upon request.

U.S.A.

V1.23-1906 I1I.28-1914 IIl.26-1921 VIII.12--1922 IX.6-1924 II1.26-1921 f " IX.6-1924 I.B. J. Wefers " IX.26-1896 J E. Meredith V.27-1916 M. v. Sheppard VIII.14-1910 O. Peltzer O:rmany VII.3-1926 Lawr.Brown U.S.A. VI.11-1921 T. P. Conneff VIII.21-1895 Paavo Nurmi VIII.23-1923 A. Shrubb Gt. Britain Vl.ll-1904 Paavo Nt!nni Finland VIII.24-1923 X.1-1924 X.I-1924 A. Ot.'Britain X1.5-1904 D. J. Kelly

H.P. Drew

9.6 S.

20.8 S.

30.0 S. 47.Â·15. 1 m. 10.8 s. 1 m. 51.0 s.

2 m. s. 3 m. 2.$ s. 1,320 " 1 mile 4 m. 10.4 s. 2 miles 9 m. 9.0 s. J4 m. 11.2 s. 3 19 m. 15.u s. 4 24 m. 6.2 s. 5 29 m. 59,-! s. 6 35 m. 4.0 s. 7 40 m. 16s. 8

Date

[ ell. W. Paddock e H. Coaffee CI1. W. Paddocl(

Place U.S.A.

U.S A:

U.SA. England Sweden Finland England

45 m. 27.0 s.

10 15 20 25

50 m. 40.6 s. I h.20 m.4.is. Ih.5Im.54s. 2h.29m.29..".

F. Appleby

IX.22-I894 11.12-1913

G. Crossland H. Green

DECATHLON. RELAY.

Nation

Atletric Distances. 100 me!. 200 300 400 500 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

10.,1 S. 20.8 S. 33.2 s.

s. 1 m. 3 0 s. 1 m. 51.0 s. 2 m. 28.6 s. 3 m. 52.0 s.

Sm.26s. 8 m. 20.,1 s. 14 m. 28,2 s. 30 m. 6.2 s. 47 m. 18.0 s. I h. 6 m. 29 s.

I h. 25 m. 20s.

1 h. 46 m.ll.o s.

{

Ch. W. Paddock U.S.A.

J. E.

O. Peltzer

Sven Paavo Nurmi

E.Wide

(11.miles 1,442 yds)

2 hours 20 miles 952 yds

(33,056 me!.)

Finland

Paavo Nurmi

J. V. SipWi H. Kolemainen A. Stenroos :1:

1 hour 19,021 met. 90 em.

Sweden Finland Sweden

Finland

IV.23-1921 I1I.26-1921 IX.6-I924 111.23-1921 V.27-19I6 V1.6-1926 VII.3-1926 IX.27-1922 VI.19-1924 VI.11-1925 VII.13-1926 VI.l9-1924 VIIl.31-1924 VII.6-1913 VI.l9-1925 VI.22-1922 VIIl.31-1924

U.S.A.

England Sweden Finland Sweden Fin'iand Sweden

Fini'and

'" *

J. Bouin

France

VI1.6-1913 Sweden

H. Green

at.

V.12-1913 England

Britain

114

115 RELAY RACES.

Event

Time or Distance

4xll0yds

42 s.

4X220 yds

1 m. 27..1 s.

Holder [UniverSity of So. California (Taylor, Lee, House, Lloyd)

Nation U.S.A.

(NeW York A. C. Team l(WeferS,LovejO Y,

Date

V.l6-1925

Place

U.S.A

VII.5-I921

Ray, Farrel)

4x440yds

3m.18s.

Event

I mile 2 miles 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

IV.24-1915

(Kaufman, Lock·

wood, Lippincott,

Distance

6 m. 25.s s. 13 m. 11.4 S. 20 m. 25.8 s. 27 m.14 s. 36 m. s.

43 m. 26.2 S. 50 m. 40.s s. 58 m.IS.4 s.

15 20 25

1 h. 7 ill.37.ss. I h. 15 m. 57.4 s. 111. 59 m.12.6 s. 2 h. 47 m. 52 s. 3h.37m.6.ss.

3000 met. 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

12 m. 53.8 s. 21 m. 59.s s. 45 m. 26.4 s. I h.lOm.23s. I h.39m.22s. 2h.7m.1O.,J,s.

University of Pennsylvania

WALKING. Holder Nation

Time or

4X8S0 yds

7 m. 42 s.

Georgetown University {(Swinburne, Holden, Sullivan, Marsters)

{ 4Xl mile

17 m. 2Ll s.

IV.25-1925

University of ll1inois (Krogh, Buker, Watson, :Ray)

G. I-I. Goulding Cana'da G. E. Lamer Ot. Britain

U.S:;". IX.30-1905 England VII.l7-1908

H. V. i.. Ross T. Griffith S. C. A. Schofield

4xlOOmet.

41 s.

4X200 met. 1 m.27s.

4x400met. 3m.16s.

4XI500 met. 16 m. 26.2 s.

Olympic team t(Clark, Hussey, U.S.A. Murchison, Leconey)

{ University of Pennsylvania (Landers, Davis, Haymond, Smith)

1 hour 8 miles 438 yds (i3275 met.) 2 hours 15 miles 128 yds (24256 met.)

VI.7-1919

f(Cochrane, Olympic Team Helf-

U.S.A.

VII.i3-1924 France

lfriCh, Me Donald, Stevenson) {Turun U,heiIoliiHo, Abo . lI<oivunalho, Katz, FInland iewendahl, Nurmi)

VII.i2-1926 Sweden

HURDLES. 120 yd, . 220 yds 440 yds

110 met. 200 met. 400 met.

14.4 s. 23 s. 54.2 s.

E. J. TllOmson eh. Brookins J. 1(, Norton

14.8 s. 23 s. 53.s s.

E. J. Thomson Ch. Brool.::ins S. Pettersson

Canada U.S.A.

Metric Distances. Canada U.S.A. Sweden

V.29-1920 V.I7-i924 VI.26-1920

G. Rasmussen

U.S.A.

VIIl.IS-1920 Belgium V.17-19 4 U.S.A. XA-1925 France

Denmark

N. ';'

VII.13-i924 France

V.20-191l XII.3-1870 V.20-1911

Metric Distances.

VI 23-1923

Metric Distances.

Place

VI.4-191O Canada VII.I3-1904 England VlII. 19-1 905

Meredith)

(

Date

G. I-I. Goulding Canada G. E. Larner Ot. Britain

VII.7-1918 Denmark VII.6-1918 VIII.18-I918 V.9-1918 VI.30-1918 VII.6-19I9

:;:

'" G. E. Lamer

Gt. Britain

H. V. L. Ross

IX.30-W05

England

V.20-1911

JUMPING. Standing High Jump 5 ft 53 /4 in = 167 em. :Running Iiigh Jump 6 ft 8</4 in = 203 em. Standing Broad Jump 11 fl4 7/s in = 347 em. -Running Broad Jump 25 ft 10 7 /s in = 789 em. -Running Hop, Step and Jump 15.52" met.=50ft lll/.dn Pole Vault 4,25 met. = 13 ft 11:1/8 in

L. Goehring

U.S.A.

H. M. Osborne

VI.14-1913

U.S.A.

V.27-1924

R: C. Ewry

Vlfl.29-i904

Dehart Iiubbard

VI.13-1925

A.W. Winter

Australia

Charles Hoff

Norway

SHOT PUTTING. Best hand 51 ft = 15.r,'1 met. R. Rose U.S.A. Both hands 1 91 ft 10 /2 in = 28 met. (right hand 50 ft 6 in = 15.3; met. left band 41 ft 41 /2 in = 12.61 met.) DISCUS THROWING. Best hand 157ft l"/s in=47.so met. O. Hartranft U.S.A. Both hands 90.13 met. = 295 ft 8 1 /2 in E. Nicklander Finland right hand 45.57 met. = 149 ft 6 1 /s in left hand 44.;-;6 met. = 146 it 2:1/ s in)

VII.12-1924 France IX.27-1925 Finland

VIII.21-1909

U.S.A.

VI.2-1912

V.2-1925 VII.20-1913

U·S.A. Finland

116 JAVELIN THROWING

Event

Time or Distance

Holder

Best hand 66,62 met. = 218 ft 67/8 in

G. Lindstrom

Nation

Date X.12-1924

Sweden

Both hands

Place Sweden

IX.30-1917

114.28 met. = 374 ft11 3 /s in Y. Hiickner HAMMER TIiROWING.

189 ft 6 1 /2 in =57.77 met.

P. Ryan

U.S.A.

VIII.17-1913

U.S.A.

lX.23-1911

U.S.A.

THROWING 56 lb. WEIGHT. 40 It 63/. in = 12.â&#x20AC;¢ 5 met.

M. Me Grath

U.S.A.

DECAn-lLON. 7710.775 pts.

H. Osborne

U.S.A.

VIl.ll/12-1924 France

NOTEWORTHY PERFORMANCES. The following performances have been accepted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation as noteworthy performances. In so-me cases the time made is better than the accepted record, but the times for these- performances were only taken by two timers. WALKING.

mile 1 " 2 miles 3 4 5

1/2

7 8

3 m. 7 s.

6 13 20 28 35 42 50 57

m. 29.s s. m. m. m. m. m. m. m.

25 s. 45.2 s. 19.8 s. 53 s. 58.s s. 24.2 s. 43"1 s.

3 m. 6 m. 8 m. 12 m. 16 m. 21 m. 26 m. 30 m. 35 m. 39 m. 44 m. 49 m. 53 m. 58 m. 13,403

55.8 s. 1.2 s. 6.0 s. 25.2 s. 57.,.1, s. 31.8 5. 12.8 s. 59.,./, s. 40." s. 58 s. 34.,.1, 5. 12.2 s. 43 s. 17.8 s. met.

'"''

VII.29-1913 lIaly

lvIetric Distances.

1,000 metres 1,500 2,000

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 1 hour

Altimani Fernando, Italy VIL29-1913

RUNNING. 20,000 metres 1 h. 6 m. 36 s. Carlo Speroni, Italy

Italy

IX.27-1914 lIaIy