Athletic Rules for International Competitions and General Rules for Olympic Events.1931 by The Marshal

INTE RNA TION AL' AMA TEU R ATH LETI C .

Copies of- :this book can' beob faine d from the . office- of fhel.A .A.F. at Vest e r Swed en, at a priee 1/- (Engl. shilli ng)ea ch-' . c

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I I LIST OF CONTENTS.

IN T ROD U eT ION.

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Introduction , , ,. Commission of the I.A.A.F ,. .. Athletic Rules a) for Men's international competitions in field and track events: I Management of the Meeting (Rules 1-16)...... II Rules for Corn petitions (Rules 17-27) IfI Jumping events (Rules 28-34)... IV Throwing events (Rules 35--40) V Races (Rules 41-50) VI Walking (Rule 51)...... VII Combined competitions (Rules 52--53) VIII Various events: Tug-a/-war (Rule 54) IX Specifications for official Implements and apparatus (Rules 55-71) b) for Women's international. competitions in field and track events ' ,. General Rules for Olympic events , Test of Watches ., , Index ' .

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The last Athletic Rules of the l.A.A.F. were in January 1927. A separate print containing the aJteraHons decided by the Congress at Amsterdam 1928 has also been issued. As the Olympic Games at LooS Angeles are now' drawing near, the Council of the l.A.A.F'. decided at its nleeting ill London the 26th and 27th of May 1931 that a n.ew edition of the Rules should appear in the English language and be distribu ted to our Members. . Anyone desiring may obtain copies of these rules at the office of the l.A.A.F., postal address: Internationella Idrottsfederationen, Vesteras, Sweden. Price per cbpy one Engl. Shilling (equal to 90 6re Swedish money). We call to the attention of our Members that the address of the office of the Record's Committee of, the I.A.A.F. is: Mr. S. Stankovitz, Dunautca I, Budapest, Hungary. The Members are requested to send all applications for World's Records to this office where also blanks can be had upon request. Vesteras, Sweden, June 1931. For the International Amateur Athletic Federation J. S. EDSTROM. President.

VESTERAS 1931 Vestmanlands Allehanda Printing Co.

BO E/(ELUND. Honorary Secretary.

ATHLETIC RULES FOR MEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETIrIONS IN FIELD AN.D TRACK EVENTS.

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION FOR ATHLETIC EVENTS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN LOS ANGELES, CAL., U.S.A., 1932

I. Messrs: J. SIGFRJD EDSTROM (Sweden), President BO EKELUND (Sweden), Vice-President Sir HARRY BARCLAY (England) J. GENET (France) MURRAY HULBERT (U.5.A.) F. P. LANG (Germany) S. STANKOVITS (Hungary)

Adjoined member jor ladies events: Madame A. MILLIAT (France)

MANAGEMENT OF THE MEETING. RULE l.

Officials (Op'tional). One Manager, One Referee, 4 or more Umpires (Inspectors), One Clerk of the Course, One Chief Field Judge, 3 or more Field Judges, 2 Scorers for Field Events, 6 or more Judges at Finish, One or more Judges of Walking, 3 or more Timekeepers, One Starter, One Scorer for Track Events, One or more Lap Scorers, One- Official Surveyor, One Marshal, One Press Steward, One Field Doctor.

If deemed necessary, assistants may be provided for the Manager of the Meeting, the Clerk of the Course, the Marshal and the Press Steward, and official Announcers may also be appointed.

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RULE 2. The Manager. The Manager shall have the control of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. . He shall attentively follow the events gomg on and decide when a new event shall begin. Before the beginning of a new competition he shall in aood time inform the officials concerned and have the com""petitors who are entered in the event called out on the field. After the finish of each event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorers. All announcements to the public, press, etc., shall be given by the Manager through the Official Announcer, Press Steward, loud speaker, etc. He shall have the right to take action against any competitor whose clothing should not conform to regulations. The Manager shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem proper. RULE 3. The Referee. The Referee shall see that Âˇthe Rules are observed. He shall decide all questions relating to the meeting, the final settlement of which not being otherwise covered by these rules. In the case of a difference between the judges he shall decide, and in case of improper conduct of a competitor he has the right of exclusion. Any protest or objection' which has reference to the conduct of a eompetitor in the actual competition shall be decided by the Referee on the ground, and his decision shall be final. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim for foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if hi';

considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats, as if he had been placed in his trial. When, in a final heat," a claim for foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such. of the competitors as he thinks en titled to' such a privilege. RULE 4. Umpires (Inspectors). It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may designate, to watch thecompetition closely, and in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make a report to the Referee of the incident. Such Umpires are merely assistants of the Referee, to whom they shall report, but have no power to give any decisions. RULE 5. The Clerk of the Course. The Clerk of the Course shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered, and he shall notify them' to appear 'at the starting line before the start in each event in which they are entered. In all track events he shall draw for the competitors' respective stations and assign the starting place to each competitor and to each national group. He shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem proper. \

RULE 6. Field Judges. The Chief Field Judge shall see that all implements and equipments are in accordanQe with these rules and that the field events are conducted expeditiously.

The Field Judges shall judge, measure and record each trial of each competitor in all events, whose record is of distance or height. Their decision as to the performance of each man shall be fin3-l and without appeal.

RULE 7. Scorns tor Field Events. The Scorers .for Field Events, of whom one shall act in throwing events, the other in jumping events, shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered in their respective events. They shall receive the competitors at the start of each event in which they act, and shall call over the names of the competitors. They shall record the order in which each competitor finished his event, together with the height or distance furnished them by the Field Judges, and shall as soon as possible hand the results to the Manager.

RULE 8. Judges at Finish. The Judges at Finish shall decide the order in which the competitors finish in the competition. In case of a disagreement, the majority of the judges concerned with the disputed place or places shall decide. Their decision as to the order in which the competitors finish shall be final and without appeal. It is recommended that one Judge selects the first man to finish, one the first and second, ' one the second and third, and so on. Judges should be placed at least two metres 'from and in line with the finishing point, and it is recommended that an elevated stand be used for the Judges in order to allow them to have a good view of the finishing line, (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.)

RULE 9. Judges 01 Walking. The Judge or Judges of Walking shall determine the fairness or unfairness of walking in accordance with the w.alking rules (see Rule 51), and any of them may caution and, after one cau Hon, disqualify a competitor i they shall, however, immediately disqualify any competitor when walking unfairly during the last 400 metres or 440 yards 9f a race and their decisions shall be final and without appeal. RULE 10. Timekeepers. Three Timekeepers shall time every event. case two of their watches agree, and the third disagrees, the time marked by the two shall be official time. If all watches disagree, the time marked by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. }() of=theÂˇ" abovetimâ&#x201A;Źkeeper& ,may; -..-- be "replaced by electric timing provided the system for electric timing used has been accepted by the National Association of the country where the competition is held.

Note.-The of Amsterdam, 1928, has decided that the 1/10th of a second timing shall be allowed for races up to and including 250 metres. For races above that, the timing in 1/5tltof ;1second shall remain. The decision shall not be retrospective regarding the records already recognised. Timing with verified watches showing 1/100t& of a second shall be allowed provided the 1/100th of a second watches are used aUXiliary to 1/10th of a second watches and that the timing recorded is the tenth slOWer than

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RULE 11. The Starter. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the Starter. The Starter shall have entire control of the campe-

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11 10 titors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or not any man has gone over his mark. All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. At all international meetings, the words of the Starter, in his own mother tongue, shall be: »On your marks», »Ready». Then the report of the pistol after a pause of about two seconds. When any part of the body of the competitor shall touch the ground in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start. The starter must warn the offender or offenders and shall, except in the Pentathlon and Decathlon, disqualify at the second false start. Rocking starts are forbidden, Le. the whole body of the competitor must be quite steady and motionless at the report of the pistol. If, in the opinion of the Starter, the start has not been a fair one, he must recall the competitors by a second shot. Should the starter have to warn the competitors on any P9.int, he shall o:der the cOl}1petitors to ,»Stand up». M4"",fl,.$ t.

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RULE 12.

The Scorer for Track Events. The Scorer for Track events shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered in track events. He shall receive the competitors at the startinG" line and he shall there call over the names of the . . He record the order in which each competitor fInIshed hIS event, together with the time furnished him by the Timekeepers, and shall as soon as p03sible place the results at th<:: disposal of the Manager. RULE 13. Lap Scorers. The Lap Scorers shall keep a tally of the laps made by

each competitor in races covering more than one lap, shall announce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man enters the last lap. RU:LE 14. The Official Surveyor. The Official Surveyor shall survey the track and all courses for the distances which are to be contested and make a report to the Authorities conducting the Meeting or Referee before the games. RULE 15. The Marshal. The Marshal shall have full police charge of the enclosure and shall prevent any but officials and competitors from entering or remaining therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. RULE 16. The Press Steward. The Press Steward shall obtain from the Manager of the games -the names of all starters in each event, the names of all point winners, and the times or distances of each winning or record performance, and keep .the _ Press thoroughly informed of all doings of the Meetmg.

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RULES FOR COMPETITIONS.

RULE 17. Entries. The various competitions are confined exclusively to amateurs. , The amateur status of every competitor must be guaranteed by the Association that governs in the country from which the competitor has entered, according to the definition of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, and he shall not be permitted to compete in any

Preliminary trials shall be held in every event in which the number of competitors is too larue to allo\v the competition to be conducted satisfactorily I:>in a sinale round. I:>

Any cam peti tor wilfully jostling, or running across, 'or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress, or evidently (:ompeting to lose, shall forfeit his right to be in the competition, and shall not be any position or prize that he would othenvise have been en titled to. . No competitor shall be allowed to rejoin a race after leaving the track, either for the purpose of gaining a place or to pace or assist another competitor. The officials shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event if in their opinion . the conditions warrant the same.

. The heats. and groups shall be arranged by the Committee conductmg the Meeting, and the representatives of each nation shall be ,placed as often as possible in different heats or groups.

RULE 20. Doping.

. country unless he holds such guarantee and has permIssIOn to compete in any particular event. This guarantee must accompany each entry. Entries must be made in duplicate, properly typed or printed.

RULE 18. Heats and groups.

In races up to and induding 400 metres or' 440 yards, the first and second in each heat should qualify for the next round, and in longer races at least the first and second should qualify for the next round.

Doping is the use of any stimulant not normally employed to increase the power of action in athletic competition above the average. ' Any person knowingly ading or assisting as explained above, shall be excluded from any place where these rules are in force or, if a competitor, be suspended for a time or otherwise, from further participation in amateur athletics under the jurisdiction of this Federation.

RULE 19. The Competition.

RULE 21. Starting Order.

shall be required to wear shorts or trunks reachmg to within four inches of the knee, and the clothing must be clean and so designed and worn as not to make an indecent display of the competitor's person. Every competitor shall be supplied with and mnst wear on the breast dUring competition a distinctive number corresponding to his number on th.: programme. In races not exceeding 300 metres duplicate numbers shall breast and one on be provided and worn, one on the back. .."

The Authorities conducting the Meeting shall draw for the stations of the competitors in each event, and the names of the competitors shall be printed in the programme in this order, in heats and groups. In all field events the competitors shall make their trials- in the order of their names as printed in the programme. In the event of a competitor being entered in both a field event and a track event which take place at one and the same time, the field event officials shall allow

The final round shall not begin earlier than 30 minutes after last trial of the last heat or group. '. If possible, at least six competitors shall start in the fmal round.

the competitor to make his trials in an order other than that of the programme. In all track competitions competitors shall draw for their respective stations. The competitor with number one shall take the inside station, with number two next, and so on. In track competitions of 3,000 metres and over, the best man of each nation shall be placed in the first line, the other competitors being stationed in the rank corresponding with their effective worth. RULE 22. Measurements. All measurements must be made with a steel tape, gradu.ated in centimetres or in inches. !n all throwing events and broad jumps that portion of the tape showing the covere<! distance must be held by the Official at the take-off or at the circle. RULE 23. Attendants. attendant or competitor who is not actually taking part In the race shall accompany any competitor on the m.ark or in the race, nor shall any competitor be allowed, Wlt?OUt the permission of the Referee or Judges, to receive ass,lstance or refreshmen t from anyone during the progress of a race, and in no case can assistance or refreshments be. given to any competitor in a race of less than 16 kilometres (10 miles). RULE 24. Ties. In all contests where results are determined by measurements of height or 'distance, ties for first and o"ther places shall be decided' as follows: If two or more competitors tie at any height in the standing or the running high jump, and the pole vault, an additional trial at the height failed at shall be allowed,

15 and if no result, the bar shall be lowered to the previOUS height cleared and one more trial allowed. The bar shall then be raised or lowered until the tie is decided. In case of a tie in any field event for distance, an additional trial shall be given to decide the ties. In case of a tie in any field event, the subsequent performances only determine the relative position of those who are competing to decide the tie. In case of a dead heat in any track event, the corn, petitors shall not be allowed to divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must compete again at a time and place appointed by the Referee. RULE 25. Protests. Verbal protests may be made before or at the meeting; but such protest must be made in writing and duly presented and accompanied by a deposit of ÂŁ 1 or its equivalent, before action thereon. Such deposit shall be forfeited at the discretion of the person or body deciding the protest. RULE 26. World's Records. No record shall be accepted unless made outdoor and timed by at least three official Timekeepers (accepted by the National Association as such) and, in field events, measJired with a steel tape by at' least three Field Judges. The Rules and Records Committee of the LA.A.F. shall investigate every performance to' which their attention is called and shall be empowered, in their discretion, to reject any record which shall not be supported by the affidavits of at least six officials certifying as to the place, time of day, state of weather, condition of path or field, force and direction of wind, level or grade of grounds, weight, measurement and material of implements, and correctness of announced time or distance. Each member of the Federation shall keep a list of

16 the best records made in its particular country. The world's best records, however, can only be accepted by the Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. Records claimed for events made with implements which do not comply with the specifications adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation will not be allowed. A record can only be made in a bona fide competition, either s<:ratch or handicap, which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day, and is included in the printed programme, together with the names of the entrants for the events. A result obtained in deciding a tie cannot be accepted as a world's record. In a race of a certain length, the competitors who might wish to make a record over a shorter distance shall be allowed to do so, on condition, however, that such attempt is made in perfect accordance with the stipulations of this rule and that the attempt is controlled by special fimekeepers and judges. When the time taken for a longer distance is better than, or as good as, the time taken for a shorter distance, the time for the longer distance shall cover and be recognised as the record for the shorter distance. It is not allowed to attempt a record for a longer distance than announced in the programme. When a World's Record is made by an athlete of a foreign country, the National Association of the country where the record. is made, shall proceed to verify the record in the same way as it does for its own athletes. The record having been passed by the said National Associa- . tion, the record blank adopted by the LA.A.F. shall be filled out and forwarded to the LA.A.F.*) The Association send a duplicate of this blank to the National shall Associatibn of the athlete. All applications for world's records must be made on the official form of the LA.A.F. *)

office: Mr. S. Stankovits, Dunautca I, Budapest, Hungary. \

RULE 27. Official Athletic Implements. In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, the implements used must comply with the specificationsÂˇ for official implements adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. These speci\ ficationsÂˇ are set out in the Rules 55-71. All implements used at international competitions shall be provided by the organisers of the competitions, except in Pole Vault where the competitors may use their own poles. Each Member of the Federation may stamp the implements approved of with its own mark which may be reaistered in accordance with the laws of the country in question.

Ill.

JUMPING EVENTS.

RULE 28. Jumping events in general. In the Running and the Standing High Jump and in the Pole Vault three jumps shall be allowed at each heiaht , and a failure at the third attempt shall forfeit the righ t to compete further. A competitor may commence at any height above the minimum height and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. In the 'Broad Jumps and in the Hop, Step and Jump each competitor shall be allowed three jumps and the six best shall be allowed three more jumps. In all jumping events each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, subjed to conditions relating to ties. The employment of weights or grips of any kind (grips of cork included) is forbidden. The take-off ground about the jump must be level.

A competitor may place marks for his take-off and a handkerchief on the cross-bar for sighting purposes.

RULE 29. Running High lump. The competition shall start at a height of 160 centi-metres (5 feet 3 inches), and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. A fair jump is one where the head of the contestant does not go over the bar before the feet and is not below the .buttocks in clearing the bar. Neither diving nor somersaulting over the bar shall be permitted. As soon as a competitor makes a spring in order to jump, this shall be counted as a jump. When a competitor jumping to the side ot going beneath the bar passes the perpendicular plane, this shall be counted as a failure. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from' the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. The uprights shall not be moved during the competition unless the judges consider the take-off has become unsuitable. Such change shall be made only after a round has been completed. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 55.) RULE 30. Standing High lamp. The competition shall start with the bar at a height of 120 centimetres (3 feet 11 inches). The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only in making aq aJtempt to jump. When the feet are lifteq. from- the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it' shall count as one trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, ,but he may not

lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it along in any direction on the ground. With the3e additions,Âˇ the rules are similar to those for w the Running High Jump. (For apparatus, refer' to Rule 55.)

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RULE 31. Pole Vault. \' The competition shall start at a height of 3 metres . 'Y (9 feet 10 inches), and the bar shall be elevated as the judges shall decide. The take-off for the Pole shall be from a wooden box as designed in the Specification .... ) \:S "'", of Implements (see Ruk 55). A competitor must not, at the moment that he makes "t a jump,' or after leaving the ground, place his lower hand <l.bove the upper one or move the upper hand higher .", up on the pole. If a competitor clears the bar, but in . doing so the pole should remove the same,' it-" shall be.'>I considered as a failed try. ' As soon as a competitor has left the ground for the purpose of making a jump, this shall be counted a3a jump. , . When a competitor jumpino- to the side or' aoin o' .\, . beneath the bar passes the perp;'ndicular plane, thisOshall be counted as a failure. , No attendant should. be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar. or ' upfights. Competitors may use their own poles. These may .have a binding, must not have any further support for the hands. No competitors shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of their owners. All measurements \ shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lo\"{rest. If the uprights moved, they shall not be moved more than 60 cen timetres -(two feet) in any direction, and not more than one hole may - be made. If. the uprights are moved, the Field Judges should make a remeasurerhent, because if there is any inequality

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in the ground at all, changing the uprights may make a difference varying from a quarter of an inch to one inch, and a competitor should not be allowed to obtain an advantage in that way. The uprights shall be at least 3,66 metres (12 feet) apart. In the Pole Vault if in making a trial the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not count as a trial. (For apparatus and implement, refer to Rules 55 and 56.)

RULE 32. Ranning Broad Jamp. The lenQih of the run is unlimited. If any swerves aside at the take-off line, or the line extended, or touches the ground in front of the take-off joist with any part of his foot, such jump sh;111 not be measured, but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. . The take-off shall be from a joist sunk flush With the ground, the outer edge of which shall be called the scratch line. In front of the scratch line, over a width of 10 centimetres (4 inches), the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand to make it 6 millimetres (1/4 inch) higher than the take-off joist. The measurement of the jumps. shall be made at right ano-Ies to the nearest break in the ground made by any "" of the body of the competitor. part The excavation (pit) shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 feet). The distance between the take-off and the end of the excavation (pit) shall be at least 9 metres (291/2 feet). (For apparatus, refer to Rule 57.) \

RULE 33. Standing Broad Jamp. See rules for the Standing High Jump, as well as, \vhere applicable, for the Run!"\ing BroadÂˇ Jump.

RULE 34Hop, Step and Jamp. The competitor shall: first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off, the reverse foot shall be used for. the second l;nding, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects, the rules for the Running Broad Jurn p shall govern. (For apparatus,' refer to Rule 57.)

IV.

THROWING EVENTS.

RULE 35. Throwing events in general. In all throwing events, each competitor shall have three trials, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. In all throwing events from a circle it shall be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and started to make the throw, touches with any part of his body or clothing the ground outside the circle or if he steps ori the circle, The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall then from a standing position leave the circle from the rear half whica shall be indicated by a chalk line extended outside the circle. The circle shall be measured from the inside and shall be flush with the ground outside the circle. The earth or clay in the circle to be packed hard and firm and 2 centimetres (% inch) lower than outside the circle. All throws a circle, to be fair, must fall within a sector of 90 degrees. In the javelin, discus and hammer competitions a .distinctive flag shall be provided with which to mark the throws of each competitor, and a special flag to mark the existing world's record.

22 Only throwing implements provided by the organisers of the meeting can be used at international meetings. No harness, instrument or device of any kind which can be used a3 a support when making the throw or the shot put shall be allowed. RULE 36. Javelin Throwing. . The throwing shall take place from behind a scratch line, properly marked, which shall be a board 7 centiJ11etres (2%. inches) in width and at least 3.66 metres (12 feet) in length sunk flush with the ground. The javelin must be held at the grip. No throw shall be counted 'in which the point of the javelin. does not strike the ground before any part of the ,Shaft.ÂˇÂˇ The thrower must not place his foot or feet upon the board. In Javelin throwing the ,competitor' must not cross the Hne until his javelin has struck the ground. The throw is measured from the point at which the p'oint of the javelin first strikes the ground to the scratch line or the scratch line produced. In throwing the javelin; if the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. (For implement, refer to Rule 58.) RULE 37. Throwing the Discus. The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2,50 metres (8 feet 21/2 inches) in \ diameter. The measurements of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made, by the fall of the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark made by the discus to the centre of the Circle.

(For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 59, 64 .and 67-68.) RULE 37 a. Throwing the discas Hellenic Style. The throw shall be made from a special rectangular stand (Balbis) 80 centimetres (2 feet 71/2 inches) long and 70 centimetres (2 feet 31/2 inches) wide, the surface of which shall slope in the direction in which the throw is wade. The discus thrower (right-handed) places himself in the stand with the right foot in front of the left. Neither foot must step over the outer surface of the' sides. Starting from this position the competitor shall make the throw. It is forbidden during the throw to change the position of the feet or lift them from the stand. Turning on the ball of the foot is, however, permitted. After the throw has been made, the competitor may leave the. stand by making a jump forward. The throw is measured from the middle of the outer surface of the front side of the throwing stand to the mark made by the discus nearest the stand. ' (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 59 and 65.) RULE 38. Patting the Shot. The put shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In the middle of the circumference, at the front half of the circle, shall be placed a stop-board firmly fastened in the ground; The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only and it must never be brought behind the

, Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt shall be counted as trial puts without results. The measurement of each put shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot . to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a

24 line from the mark made by the shot to the centre of the circle. implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 60, 64 and 66-68.) RULE 39. ThrOlvillg the Heavy Weight. All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In making his throw, the competitor may assume any position he chooses and use both hands. Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as trial throws without result. The measurement of each throw shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of any part of the weight or handle to the inside edge of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark to the cen tre of the circle. (for implement and appara.tus, refer to Rules 61, 64 . and 67-68.) RULE 40. Throwing the Hammer. All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres' (7 feet) in diameter. Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt shall count as a trial throw without result. The measurement of the throw shall be from the .nearest edge of the first mark made by the head of the hammer to the inside circumference of the circle along a line from such mark made by the hammet: to' the centre of circle. In the hammer, if the hammer breaks during the trial or while in the air, it shall not be considered a throw, the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head ,

of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 62-64 and 67-68.)

RACES.

RULE 41. Track and Lanes. , The running track shall be measured 30 cen time.tres (12 inches) outward from the inner edge of the track..;, There must be a border of board, rope, cement, or any -:1 other material. The inner border should not be more than 5 centimetres (2 inches) in height. In all races of a distance up to and including 400 . metres or 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate course of at least 1.22 metres (4 feet) properly measured, . the en tire course to be marked with 5 'centimetres (2 inches) chalk lines. The inner lane shall be measured as stated above, the outer lanes 20 centimetres (8 inches) from their \:f respective borders. The direction of the running shall be left hand inside. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from start to finish in all races run in lanes. In all ';J races he shall not cross in front of a competitor until he is 2 metres in advance of his nearest competitor. To conduct properly important International Meetings the track should permit of at least six 'lanes. .

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RULE 42. The Finish. . The finishing line shall be a line on the ground drawn across the track from finish to finish post and the competitors shall be place({ in the order in which any part of their bodies (i. e. »torso», as distinguished from the head, arms, feet or hands line. For the purpose of aiding the judges, but not as a . finishing line, there shall be stretched across the track ",.

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---

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27 at the finish, 1.22 metres (4 feet) above the ground, worsted which shall be fastened to the post at each side of the finishing line, at right angles to course and parallel to the finishing line. .;if"

; un less (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.) 'c '

RULE 43. 110 metre (120 yards) Hurdle Race. . On every course there shall be 10 hurdles, each hurdle 1.06 metres (3 feet 6 inches) high. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13.72 metres ( 15 yards), the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9.14. metres (10 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 14.02 metres (15 yards). The top of each hurdle shall be painted white. A competitor knocking down three or more hurdles or any portion of three or more hurdles shall be disqualified.. SWinging and broken hurdles to be considered as knocked down. In making a record it shall be necessary for the competitor, to jump over every hurdle in its proper position and no record shall be allowed unless all the hurdles remain standing after the competitor clears them. A competitor who trails his leg or foot alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. Each competitor shall have his own lane of hurdles and shall keep to that lane throughout the race. (for apparatus, refer to Rule 70.) RULE 44. 200-metre (220-yards) Hurdle Race. In the 200-metre Hurdle Race there shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 76.2 (2 feet, 6 inches)' in height. The first hurdle' shall be placed 18.29 metres (20 yards) distant from the scratch

mark; the remaining hurdles shall be placed 18.29 metres (20 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 17.10 metres (20 yards). In all other respects the rule for' the 110-metre (120 yards) Hurdle shall apply.. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.) RULE 45. 400-metre Hur,dle Race. In the 400-metre Hurdle Race there shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 91.40 centimetres (3 feet) in height. The first hurdle shall be placed 45 metres (49.213 yards) from the scratch mark, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 35 metres (38.277 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 40 metres (43.745 yards). In all other respects the rule for the 110-metre (120 yards) Hurdle shall apply. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.) RULE 46. Relay Races. A line shall be drawn 10 metres on each side of the' star.ting line of each relay to be known as the starting zone. Both runners must be within this zone when passing the baton. No member of a relay team, in order to relieve one of bis team, can run outside of such zone. The baton must be passed (not thrown or dropped) by a competitor and taken by the one succeeding Violation of any of these rules by any competitor shall disqualify the team. \ The baton must be carried throughout the entire distance of the race. No competitor can run two sections in any tea.m. The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has run p lr:,tL :t:/-d?-Y''.ÂŁ /N/be J:

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28 The position of the teams must be drawn for. All teams entered in relay races shall be lettered, oommencing with the letter A. When relay races up to and including 400 metres or 440 yards are contested on a circular path, each competitor' must have a separate lane and each lane shall be full distance. (For implement, refer to Rule 71.)

RULE 47. Team Race. Track team races may be divided into heats ;md .a final, if necessary. In track team races the maximum number of starters of a team and the number of competitors whose positions are to count shall be stated on the entry blank. The team the number of points, according to the posihons In which the members of the team finish whose positions are to count, shall be the winner. Positions of other members of the team and positions of members of a team which does not finish at least the number whose positions are to count, shall not be counted.In ,case of a tie between two or more individual competitors finishing simultaneously, each of them shall score for his team a number of points obtained by dividing the total sum of their position numbers, reckoned as if th.ey had, instead of being tied, finished regularly in a file, :With the number of such competitors (thus, for instance, if two competitors finish tied for second place, each of them shall score two and a half points). _ Incase of a tie on points, the team whose last scorin cr individual member finished nearest 'to first place shall b: the winner. The composition of a team must not be chancred after a trial heat has been run and only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to <;:ompete in the finar'.

RULE 48. Steeple-chase. The hurdles shall aet- be

91.4 centimetres

(3 feet) high, and a water-jump shall be includedÂˇrEach competitor must go over or through the water, and any one who steps to one side or the other of the jump shall be disqualified. There shall be to each lap of 400 metres five jumps induding a water jump. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed; height 91.4 centimetres (3 feet). The water jump shall be 3.63 metres (12 feet) in width and length, the water being 76 centimetres (2 feet, 6 inches) in depth at the hurdle end and sloping to the level of field at the further end. The competitor must clear each jump, but may vault each obstacle. RULE 49.

Cross-country Race. The race shall be run on a bona fide cross-country course properly marked and surveyed. The start and finish may be within the athletic grounds. The course must be marke-d preferably with red flags to the left and white flags to the right, which must be observable from a distance of 125 metres. In all other respects the rules governing track competitions shall prevail.

RULE 50. Marathon Race. (42,195 metres=26 miles 385 yards.) The, Marathon Race shall be run on high roads. The start and. finish may be on the athletic grounds. r.ach competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate, from a physician of standing, certifying to his fitness to take part in a race of this kind. No competitor, either at the start or during the pro-

------

VII.

gress of the race, may take any so-called drugs on pain of immediate disqualification. A competitor must at once retire from the' race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff ! officially appointed. -

VI.

WALKING.

RULE 5I. Definition and R.ules 0/ Walking. Definitiofl.- Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. _Judging - and Dlsqualilications.-A competitor whose mode of progression fails, in the opinion of two- of the Judges of Walking, to comply with the definition during part of _the competition, shall be disqualified and Informed of his disqualification by one of the Judges ofWalking. Effeetmay be given to any such disqualification immediately after the conclusion of the competition, if circumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. Judges may advise a competitor upon. his mode of progression if it should appear that the competitor be in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of walking. ,. In. track races a cO,mpetitor:"who is disqualified must lmmedlately leave the track and .in road races the disqualified competitor must, immediately after his disqualification, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing. It is that a system of signalling »caution» by white flag, and! »disqualification» by red flaa durin a a walking race be used as far as possible for the tion of the officials of the sports, competitors, and spectators, but this is not compulsory.

COMBINED COMPETITIONS.

RULE 52. Pentathlon. The competition comprises the following events: Running Broad Jump, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), 200 metres Flat Race, Throwing the Discus (best hand), and 1,500 metres Flat Race. .The events follow in the abovementioned order. Three trials are allowed in both jumping and throwing. In the 200 metres flat race, groups of three men are formed- by. lot. If the number of runners is such that after the groups have been arrangeq one man is -over to run alone, one in an shall be drawn by lot from among the competitors to run against him. The order of the competitors in this event shall be decided on the basis of each . . y '/; • con tes ta nt ' s t'lme. e-.t/'''''1./'f!.-<.V:t+"",",-, . If false starts occur in the the competitor will after the second false start be ove for -' '"' penalised by 1.." ""4 ,:-"d.·f'- -, In the flat races, the time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches.. -The winner shall be the one who has obtained the highest -number of points - in the five divisions awarded on the basis of the -Pentathlon and Decathlon table, (See Rule 53.)

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RULE 53. Decathlon. The competition comprises the following events: 100 metres Flat, Running Broad Jump, Putting the Shot, Running High Jump, and 400 metres Flat, on _the first day. Hurdle Race (110 metres), -Throwing the' Discus (best hand), Pole Vault, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), and 1,500 metres Flat, on the following day. The' events follow in the above-mentioned order. Three trials only are allowed in both jumping and throwing. ,.,7 ..) la. r--/e C-t 7n-C ."t:

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Both in the 100 metres and 400 metres flat races, as well as in the hurdle race, three or four competitors start in each group. On the other hand, in the 1,500 metres race, five or six shall start. However, the Referee shall have the right, in case of necessity, to make alterations. The composition of the groups is decided by lot. The time for each competitor shall be taken with J three. watches. If false starts occur in the -lmrdJ€S, the competitor will after the second false start be penalised by a hundredth of the distance of the race for each false -'., Aft<::r)\1V"9 false starts with penalty the competitor at fault shall be eliminated from the event in which the offence was committed. The winner shall be the one who has obtai;ed the highest number of points in the ten divisions, awarded on the _basis of the following Pentathlon and Decathlon table. -

THE PENTATHLON AND DECATHLON TABLE. (!lor a result similar to the best result obtained at the 1912 or previous Olympic Games, 1000 points are awarded. Other results are valued in acoordance with the Pentathlon and Decathlon table. If a result exceeds the be::;t »Olympic» result, correspondingly higher points will be awarded.)

Time 103-5 10 4-5 110 111-5 11 2-5

Points 1000.00 952.40 - 904.80 857.20 809.60

No.t-IOO Metres. Time 11 3-5 11 4-5 120 12 1-5 122-5

Points 762.00 714.40 666.80 619.20 571.60

Time Points 12 3-5 524.00 12 4-5 476.40 130 428.80 13 1-5 381.20 13 2-5 333.60 13 3-5 286.00 1912 Olympic Record, 10 3-5 secs. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 47.60 points.

Time, 134-5 \ 140 \ 141-5 " 142-5 14 3-5 144-5

Points 238.40 190.80 143.20 95.60 48.00 0.40

No. 2-Running Broad Jump. M. CM. 760 7'50 7'40 7'30 7:20 7.10 7.00

Ft. Decs. Points 24.934 1000.00 24.606 975.50 24.278 951.00 23.950 926.50 23.622 902.00 23.294 877.50 22.966 85.3.00

M. CM. 6.20 6.10 6.00 5.90 5.80 5.70 5.60

Ft. Decs. 20.341 20.013 19.685 19.356 19.028 18.700 18.372

Points 657.00 632.50 608.00 583.50 559.00 534.50 510.00

M. CM. 4.80 4.70 4.60 4.50 4.40 4.30 4.20

Ft. Decs. 15.748 15.420 15.0\!2 14.764 14.436 14.108 13.779

Points 314.00 289.50 265.00 240.50 216.00 191.50 167.00

6:70 21.981 779.50 5.30 17.388 436.50 3.90 6.60 21.653 755.00 5.20 17.060 412.00 3.80 650 21.325 730.5q 5.10 16.732 387.50 3.70 6:40 20.997 '706.00 5.00 16.404 363.00 3.60 6.30 20.669 681.50 4.90 16.076 338.50 1912 Olympic R.ecord 7.60 m. = 24,934 feet = 1000 points. Score other distances at rate of 1 c.m. = 2.45 points.

12.795 12.461 12.139 11.811

93.00 69.00 . 4<),.50 20.00

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

0.2625 0.2953 0.3281

19.60 22.05 24.50

0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312

2.45 4.90 7.35 9.80

0.05 0.06 0.07

0.1640 0.1968 0.2296

12.25 14.70 17.15

0.08 0.09 0.10

No. 3-Putting the Weight (t6-1b. Shot). M. CM. 1534 15:30 15.20 15.10 15.00 14.70 14.60 14.50 14.40 14 30 14:20 14.10 1400 13'90 13:80 13.70 1360 13:50 13.40 1330 13'20 13:10

Ft. Decs. Points 50.394 1000 50 196 996 49:868 986 49.540 976 49212 966

M. CM. 12.00 11.90 11.80 11.70 11.60

Ft. Decs. Points 39.370 666 39.041 656 38.713 646 38.385 636 38.057 626

48228 47'900 47:572 47.244 46.916 46.588 46.260 45.932 45.603 45275 44:947 44619 44'291 43:963 43635 43:307 42979

11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.90 10.80 10.70 10.60 10.50 10.40 10.30 10.20 10.10 10.00 9.90 9.80 9.70

37.073 36.745 36.4i7 36.089 35.760 35.432 35.104 34.776 34.448 34.120 33.792 33.464 33.136 32.808 32.479 32.151 31.823

'1'280 41.994 1;2:70 41 666 1260 41'338 12:50 41'010 12.40 40:682 12.30 40354 12.20 40:026 12.10 39.698 1912 Olympic

936 926 916 906 896 886 876 866 856 846 836 826 816 806 796 786 776

M. CM. Ft. Decs. Points 8.60 28.215 326 8.50 27.887 316 8.40 27.559 306 8.30 27.231 296 8.20 26.903 286

596 586 576 566 556 546 536 526 516 506 496 486 476 466 456 446 436

746 9.40 30.839 406 736 9.30 30.511 396 726 9.20 30.183 386 716 9.10 29.855 376 706 9.00 29.527 366 696 890 29.199 356 686 8:80 28.871 346 676 8.70 28.543 336 Record 15.34 m. = 50.394 feet = 1COO

7.90 7.80 7.70 7.60 7.50 7.40 7.30 7.20 7.10 7.00 6.90 6.80 6.70 6.60 6.50 6.40 6.30

25.918 25.590 25.262 24.934 24.606 24.278 23.950 23.622 23.294 22.966 22.637 22.309 21.981 21.653 21.325 20.997 20.669

166 156 146 136 126 116 106 96

6.00 5.90 5.80 5.70 5.60 5.50 5.40

19.685 19.356 19.028 18.700 18.372 18.044 17.716

66 56 46 36 26 16 6

points.

256 246 236 226 216 206 196

34 Score other distances at rate of 1 c. m. = 1 point. M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points 0.01 0.0328 1 0.05 0.1640 5 0.08 0.2625 8 0.02 0.0656 2 0.06 0.1968 6 0.09 0.2953 9 0.03 0.0984 3 0.07 0.2296 7 0.10 0.3281 10 0.04 0.1312 4

No. 4-Running High Jump. 1.93 1.90 1.80 1912

6.331 1000.00 6.233 958.00 5.905 818.00 Olympic

1.70 1.60 1.50 1.93 m.

5.577 678.00 1.40 5.249 538.00 1.30 4.921 398.00 6.331 feet = 1000 points.

Score other heights at rate of 1 c. m. = 14 points. 70 0.08 0.01 0.0328 14 0.05 0.1640 0.02 0.0656 28 0.06 0.1968 84 0.09 42 0.07 0.2296 98 0.10 0.03 0.0984 0.04 0.1312 56

4.593 258.00 4.265 118.00

0.2625 0.2953 0.3281

112 126 140

Min.Secs. 55 55 1·5 552·5 55 35 55 4-5 56 56 1·5 562·5 56 3·5 56 4·5 57 571-5

Points 744.32 736.80 729.28 721.76 714.24 706.72 699.20 691.68 684.16 676.64 669.12 661.60

Min.Secs. 1.014·5 1.02 1.02 1-5 1.02 2-5 1.023·5 L024·5 1.03 1.031 5 1.032-5 1.033·5 1.034-5 1.04

1MH

Points 488.64 481.12 473.60 466.08 458.56 451.04 443.52 436.00 428.48 420.96 413.44 405.92

50 4·5 902.24 57 3·5 646.56 1.042-5 390.88 51 894.72 574·5 639.04 1.0435 383.36 511·5 887.20 58 631.52 1.044-5 375.84 512·5 879.68 581·5 624.00 1.05 368.32 513·5 872.16 582·5 616.48 ] .051·5 360.80 51 4·5 864.64 58 3-5 608.96 1.052 5 353.28 52 857.12 5845 601.44 1.053-5 345.76 59 593.92 1.05 4·5 338.24 521-5 849.60 5225 8+h08 591·5 586.40 1.06 330.72 52 3-5 834.56 59 2 5 578.88 1.06 1-5 323.20 524·5 827.04 59 3·5 57l.36 1.062·5 315.68 53 819.52 59 45 563.84 1.063-5 308.16 531-5 812.00 60 556.32 1.064 5 300.64 5325 804.48 1.00 1-5 548.80 1.07 293.12 533·5 796.96 1.00 2-5 541.28 1.07 1·5 285.60 53 4·5 789.44 ]·00 3-5 533.76 1.07 2 5 278.08 54 781.92 1.00 4 5 526.24 1.07 3·5 270.56 541-5 774.40 1.01 518.72 107 4 5 96304 542·5 766.88 1·011-5 511.20 1:08' 255:52 543·5 759.36 1·012-5 503.68 1.081-5 248.00 54 4·5 751.84 1.01 3-5 496.16 1.082-5 240.48 1912 Olympic Record, 48 1-5 sec. =1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec.'= 7.52 points.

No. 6-110 metres Hurdle. Secs. Points Secs. Points S'ecs. Points 15 1000.0 17 4-5 734.0 20 3 5 468 . 0 ]51-5 98l.0 18 715.0 20 4-5 449 0 152-5 962.0 181-5 696.0 21 430.0 153·5 943.0 182-5 677.0 211-5 411.0 154-5 924.0 1835 658.0' 212-5 392.0 16 905.0 - 1845 639.0 21 3-5 373.0 161-5 886.0 19 620.0 214-5 354.0 162·5 867.0 191-5 601.0 22 335.0 163-5 848.0 1925 582.0 22 1·5 316.0 164-5 829.0 ' 193-5 563.0 222-5 297.0 17 810.0 194·5 544.0 223·5 278.0 171-5 791.0 20 525.0 224-5 259.0 172-5 772.0 201·5 506.0 23 240.0 231-5 221.0 173-5 753.0 202-5 487.0 1908 Olympic Record, 15 secs. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 s·ec. = 19 points.

Secs. Points 232-5 202.0 2335 183.0, 234-5 164.0 24 145.0 241·5 126.0 242-5 107.0 243-5 88.0 244-5 69.0 50.0 25 251-5 31.0 12.0 252·5

No. 7-Throwing the Discus.

No. 5-400 Metres. Secs. Points 481-5 1000.00 482·5 992.48 483·5 984.96 484·5 977.44 49 969.92 491·5 962.40 492-5954.88 4935 947.36 49 4 5 939.84 50 932.32 50 1-5 924.80 502-5 917.28

M. CM. Ft. Decs.

Min.Secs. Points 1.083·5 232.96 1.08 4-5 225.44 1.09 217.92 1.091-5 210.W , 1.09 2·5 202.88 1.093-5 195.36 1.09 4·5 187.84 1.10 180.32 1.101-5 172.80 1.10 2·5 165.28 1.103·5 157.76 1.10 4·5 150.24 1.11 142.72 1.111-5 135.20 1.112-5 127.68 1.11 3·5 120.16 1.11 4'5 112.64 1.12 105.12 1.121·5 97.60 90.08 1.12 2-5 1.12 3·5 82.56 1.12 4-5 75.04 1.13 67.52 1.131-5 60.00 1.13 2·5 52.48 1.133-5 44.96 1.13 4 5 37.44 1.14 29.92 1.141·5 ,22:40 1.142-5 14.88 I.H 3-57.36

Points 45.21 148.326 1000.00 45.20 148.293 999.62 45.00 147.637 992.02 44.80 146.981 984.42 44.60 146.325 976.82 44.40 145.669 \;169.22 44.20 145013 961.62 44.00 144.357 954.02 43.80 143.700 946.42 43.60 143.044 938.82 43.40 142.388 931.22 43.20 ]41.732 923.62 43.00 141.076 916.02 42.80 140.419 908.42 42.60 139.763 900.82 42.40 139.107 893.22 42.20 138,451 885.62 4200 137.795 878.02 41:80 137.138 870.42 41.60 ]36.482 862.82 41.40 135.826 855.22 41.20 135.170 847.62 41.00 134.514 840.02 40.80 133.857 832.42 40.60 133.201 824.82 40.40 132.545 8]7.22 40.20 131.889 809.62 40.00 131.233 802.02 39.80 130.577. 794.42 39.60 129:921 786.82 39.40 129.265 779.22 1912 Olympic Retard, Score. other distances 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312

M. CM. Ft. Decs. Points M. CM. Ft. Decs. 39.20 128.609 771.132 33.00 108.268 39.00 ]27.953 764.02 32.80 107.611 38.80 127.296 756.42 32.60 106.955 38.60 126.640 748.82 32.40 106.299 38.40 125'.984 741.22 32.20 105.643 38.20 125.328 733.62 32.00 104.987 38.00 124.672 726.02 31.80 104.330 37.80 124.015 718.42 31.60 103.674 37.60 123.359 710.82 31.40 103.018 37.40 ]22.703 703.22 31.20 102.362 37.20 122.047 695.62 31.00 101.706 37.00 121.391 688.02 30.80 101.049 36.80 120.734 680.42 30.60 100.393 36.60 120.078 672.82 30.40 99.737 1'19.422 665.22 30.20 36.40 99.081 36.20 118.766 657.62 30.00 98.425 36.CO ll8.110 650.02 29.80 97.768 35.80 117.453 642.42 29.60 97.112 35.60 116.797 634.82 29.4 °0 96.456 35.40 116.141 627.22 2. 92 95.800 35.20 ll5.485 619.62 29.00 95.144 35.00 114.829 612.02 28.00 91.864 34.80 114.173 604.42 27.00 88.58 34.60 113.517 596.82 26.00 85.30 34.40 112.861 589.22 25.00 82.02 34.20 112.205 581.62 24.00 78.74 34.00 111.549 574.02 23.00 75.46 33.80 110.992 566.42 22.00 72.18 33.60 110.336 558.82 21.00 68.90 33.40 109.680 551.22 20.00 65.62 33.20 108.924 543.62 45.21 m. = 148.326 feet = 1000 points. at rate of 1 c.m. = 0.38 points.

Points 536.02 528.42 520.82 513.22 505.62 498.02 490.42 482.82 475.22 467.62 460.02 452.42 444.82 437.22 429.62 422.02 414.42 406.82 399.22 391.62 384.02 346.02 308.02 270.02 232.02 ]94.02 ]56.02 118.02 80.02 42.02

0.2625 0.2953 0.3281

3.04 3.42 380

0.38\ 0.05 0.76 0.06 1.14 0.07 1.52 1

0.1640 0.1968 0.2296

1.90 2.28 2.66

O. 0 0.1

No. 10-1,500 Metres.

No. 8-Pole Vault. M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points

M.CM. Ft. Decs.

Points

M.CM. Ft. Decs. Points

2.60 3.30 10.827 649 3.95 12.959 1000 2.50 3.20 10.499 595 12.795 973 3.90 3.10 10.170 541 2.40 3.80 12.467 9ll} 9.842 487 2.30 3.00 3.70 12.139 865 2.20 2.00 9.514 433 3.60 11.811 811 9.186 379 2.10 2.80 3.50 11.483 757 8.858 325 11.155 703 2.70 3.40 1912 Olympic Record, 3.95 m. = 12.959 feet = 1000 points. Score other heights at rate of 1 c.m. = 5.4 points.

8.530 8.202 7.874 7.546 7.218 6.890

271 217 163 109 55 1

0.2625 0.2953 0.3281

43.2 48.6 54.0

48.50 159.120 656.25 I 36.50 119.750 61.00 200.131 1000.00 36.00 118.110 48.00 157..1l80 642.50 60.50 198.490 986.25 35.50 116.469 47.50 155.839 628.75 60.00 196.850 972.50 35.00 114.829 47.00 154.199 615.00 59.50 195.209 958.75 34.50 113.189 46.50 152.558 601.25 59.00 193.569 945.00 34.00 111.549 46.00 150.918 587.50 58.50 191.928 931.25 33.50 110.008 45.50 149.277 573.75 58.00 190.288 917.50 33.00 108268 45.00 147.637 560.00 57.50 188.647 903.75 32.50 106.627 44.50 145.997 546.25 57.00 187.007 890.00 32.00 104.987 44.00 144.357 532.50 56.50 185.367 876.25 31.50 103.346 43.50 142.716 518.75 56.00 183.727 862.50 31.00 101.706 43.00 141.D76 505.00 55.50 182.086 848.75 30.50 100.065 42.50 139.43.'5 491.25 '55.00 180.446 835.00 98.425 30.00 42.00 137.795 477.50 54.50 178.805 821.25 96.784 29.50 41.50 136.154 463.75 54.00 177.165 807.50 95.144 29.00 41.00 134.514 450.00 53.50 175.524 793.75 93.504 28.50 40.50 132.873 436.25 53.00 173.884 780.00 91.864 28.00 40.00 131.233 422.50 52.50 172.244 766.25 90.223 27.50 39.50 129.593 408.75 52.00 170.604 752.50 88.582 27.00 39.00 127.953 395.00 51.50 168.963 73875 26.50 86.941 38.50 126.312 381.25 51.00 167.323 725.00 85.301 26.00 38.00 124.672 367.50 50.50 165.682 711.25 82.660 37,50 123.031 353.75 25.50 50.00 164.042 697.50 81.019 25.00 683.75 37.00 121.391 340.00 49.50 162.401 670.00 I 49.00 160.761 1912 Olympic Record, 61 m. = 200.131 feet = loon points. Score other distances at'rate of 1 c.m. = 0.275 points.

326.25 312.50 298.75 285.00 271.25 257.50 243.75 230.00 216.25 202.50 188.75 175.00 161.25 147.50 133.75 120.00 106.25 92.50 78.75 65.00 51.25 37.50 23.75 10.00

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312

5.4 10.8 16.2 21.6

0.05 0.06 0.07

0.1640 0.1968 0.2296

27.0 32.4 37.8

0.08 0.09 0.10

No. 9-Throwing the Javelin.

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

0.0328 0.0656 0.0984 0.1312

0.275 0.550 • 0.825 1.100

0.05 0.06 0.07

0.1640 0.1!J68 0.2296

1.375 1.650 1.925

0.08 0.09 0.10

0.2625 0.2953 0.3281

2.200 2.475 2.750

Min.-secs. Points Min.-secs. Points Min.·secs. Points Min.-secs. Points 680.80 4.50 788.80 4.32 896.80 4.14 3.56 4·5 1000.00 674.80 4.51 782.80 4.33 890.80, 4.15 998.80 3.57 668.80 4.52 776.80 434 884.80 4.16 992.80 3.58 662.80 4.53 77080 4.35 87880. 4.17 986.80 3.59 656.80 4.54 764.80 4.36 872.80 4.18 980.80 4.00 650.80 4.55 758.80 4.37 866.80 4.19 974.80 4.01 644.80 4.56 752.80 4.38 860.80 968.80 4.20 4.02 638.80 4.57 746.80 4.39 854.80 4.21 962.80 4.03 632.80 4.58 740.80 4.40 848.80 4.22 956.80 4.04 626.80 734.80 4.41 842.80 4.23 950.80 4.05 4.g;r 620.80 5. 728.80 836.80 4.42 4.24 944.80 4.06 614.80 5.01 722.80 4.43 830.80 4.25 938.80 4.07 608.80 5.02 716.80 4.44 824.80 4.26 932.80 4.08 602.80 5.03 710.80 818.80 4.45 4.27 926.80 4.09 596.80 5.04 704.80 4.46 812.80 4.28 920.80 4.10 590.80 5.05 698.80 806.80 4.47 4.29 914.80 4.11 584.80 5.06 692.80 4.48 800.80 4.30 4.12 908.80 578.80 5.07 686.80 4.49 794.80 4.31 902.80 4.13 140.80 6.20 5.56 284.80 428.80 5.32 572.80 5.08 134.80 6.21 278.80 5.57 422.80 5.33 566.80 5.09 128.80 6.22 272.80 558 416.80 5.34 560.80 5.10 122.80 6.23 266.80 5.59 410.80 5.35 554.80 5.11 116.80 6.24 260.80 404.80 6.00 5.36 548.80 5.12 110.80 6.25 254.80 6.01 398.80 5.37 542.80 5.13 104.80 6.26 248.80 6.02 392.80 5.38 536.80 5.14 98.80 6.27 242.80 386.80 6.03 5.39 530.80 5.15 92.80 6.28 236.80 6.04 380.80 5.40 524.80 5.16 86.80 6.29 6.05 230.80 374.80 5.41 518.80 5.17 80.80 6.30 224.80 6.06 368.80 5.42 512.80 5.18 74.80 6.31 218.80 362.80 6.07 5.43 506.80 5.19 68,80 6.32 6.08 212.80 356.80 5.44 500.80 5.20 62.80 6.33 206.80 6.09 350.80 494.80 5.45 5.21 56.80 6.34 200.80 344.80 6.10 5.46 488.80 5.22 50.80 6.35 194.80 6.11 338.80 5.47 482.80 5.23 44.80 6.36 188.80 6.12 5.48 332.80 476.80 5.24 38.80 6.37 182.80 6.13 326.80 5.49 470.80 5.25 32.80 6.38 176.80 320.80 6.14 5.50 464.80 5.26 26.80 6.39 170.80 6.15 314.80 5.51 458.80 5.27 20.80 BAO 6.16 164.80 308.80 552 452.80 5.28 14.80 6.41 158.80 6.17 302.80 5.53 446.80 5.29 8.80 6.42 6.18 152.80 29680 5.54 440.80 5.30 2.80 6.43 146.80 6.19 290.80 5.55 434.80 5.31 1912 Olympic Record, 3 min. 56 4-5 secs. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1-5 sec. = 1.20 points.

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No. 11-200 Metres. Time Points Time Points Points 262-5 472 736 24 1000 450 2635 714 241·5 978 264-5 428 692 24 5 956 22 406 27 243-5 670 934 2215 271-5 384 244-5 648 912 2225 27 362 626 25 890 2235 273-5 340 604 251·5 868 224-5 274-5 318 582 252-5 846 23 28 296 253-5 560 824. 231·5 281-5 274 538 2545 802 232·5 282-5 252 26 516 780 233-5 261-5 494 758 234·5 1904 Olympic Record, 213-5 secs. = 1000 points. Score other time at rate of 1·5 sec. = 22 points.

Time 2135 214-5

VIII.

Time Points 283-5 230 284-5 208 29 186 2915 164 2925 142 293-5 120 294-5 98 76 30 54 301-5 30 2-5 32 30 B-5 10

VARIOUS EVENTS.

RULE 54. Tag-at-war. The teams shall consist of equal numbers of competitors. The rope shall be of sufficient length to allow for a pull of twelve feet, and for twelve feet slack at each end, together with four feet for each competitor; it shall be not less than four· inches in circumference and shall be without knots or other holdings for the hands. A centre tape shall be affixed to the centre of the rope, and six feet on each side of the cen tre tape a side tape shall be affixed t,o the rope. A centre line shall be marked on the ground, and six feet on each side of the centre line a side line parallel thereto. At the start the rope shall be taut and the centre tape shall be over the centre line and the competitors outside the side lines. During no part of the pull shall the rope be tied or in any way crossed by

anchor man, nor shall he wilfully place either hand on the ground. In all Tug-of-war competitions there shall be one Judge and two Inspectors who shall be responsible for seeing that the rules are pro.perly carried out. The Judge shall start the competition by word of mouth and take charge of the centre and the side lines, and give effect to the result of any pull by blowing a whistle. The Inspectors shall take charge of the teams and see that members of such teams do not wilfully touch the ground with any part of the body other than the feet, and report to the Judge any infringement of this rule. It shall be in the discretion of the Judge to disqualify the offending team and award the pull in question to the opposing side, or he may disqualify the offending team from the competition. A pull shall be won when one team shall have pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line, or if any portion of the foot of any competitor of the opposing side goes beyond the cen tre line. In the event of both teams leaving go of the rope before either side has pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line, the pull shall be declared no pull and shall not constitute one of the requisite number of pulls. No competitor shall make any hole in the ground with his feet, or in any other. way, before the start. In all competitions confined to certain weights two Clerks shall be appointed who shall be responsible to the Judge for the correct weighing of the competitors before the start. All heats shall be won by two pulls out of three. All competitors . shall wear boots or shoes of which the sole, heel and sides of heel shall be perfectly flmh and not prepared in any way. No gloves or adhesive substance whatever shall be or ropes. \\ used on the The competing teams shall be drawn in pairs and all byes disposeq of in the first round. Where three teams only compete, the team drawing the bye shall pull off for second prizes if defeated by winner of the first round. ,.

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IX.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND APPARATUS. RULE 55.

lumping or vaulting standards. Uprights-Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used provided they are rigid. Cross Bar-The cross bar shall be triangular in section each side of which shall measure 30 millimetres (13/16 inch). Optionally the cross bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 millimetres (1 foot) long. The length of the cross bar shall not be less than 3.66 metres (12 feet) and not more than 4 metres (13 feet 11/2 inches). The maximum weight of the cross bat shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lbs. 6.4 OlS.). Sapports lor High Jump-The support of the cross bar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres (11(2 inches) wide and extending 60 millimetres (2 3/ 8 inches) in length. It shall face the opposite upright and the end of the cross bar shall rest on it in such a fashion that the cross bar easily falls to the ground both forwards and backwards, if touched by the competitor. There shall be a space of 10 millimetres (3/8 inch) between the cross bar and the uprights.

The following drawing illustrates one way of constructing the uprights as per stipulations above:

Sapports lor Pole Vault-At competitions in Pole Vault, pegs shall be used for the support of the cross bar. The pegs shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (1/2 inch) in diameter and must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 inches) from the uprights. Wooden box at. the take-oIl tor Pole Vault-This shall measure 1000 mil,limetres (3 feet 4 inches) in length, 600 millimetres (2 feet) in width at front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 inches) in width at the stop-board, where it shall be 200 millimetres (8 inche3) in depth. The bottom of the' box shall be covered on the inside to a

42 43 length millimetres (2 feet 8 inches) with a piece of 0.6 ml1hmetre sheet iron. See drawing below: mm

(J' 41----__

RULE 58.

Javelin. Constrllction- The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or ',in such: a way the centre of (1.203 yards),

steel point. The javelin shall be constructed that the space between the foremost point and gravity is not longer than 11 0 centimetres or shorter than 90 centimetres (2.953 feet). arip-It shall have, about the centre of gravity, a grip formed by a binding 16 centimetres (6.3 inches) broad, of whipmrd, without thongs or notches on the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the abov,e-mentioned binding, whose drcumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (0.984 inch). Measurements- The length shall not less than 260 centimetres (8.5 feet) complete as thrown. Weight- The weight shall be not less than 800 grammes (1.6 pounds) complete as thrown.

RULE 56.

RULE 59.

Vaulting pole.

Discus.

Construction -The pole shall be either of wood or bamboo and may be of any length or diameter. It shall have no assisting devices except as provided for, but may be wound. or wrapped with adhesive tape. The wrappin a must be The lower end of the may termInate 10 a smgle metal spike or a wooden plug. RULE 57.

Take-ott board. (Broad jumps.) Construction- The take-off board shall be made of

wood.

Measurements-The board shall 1.219' metres 4 ( feet) long, 203 millimetres (8 inches) wide and 102 millimetres (4 inches) deep. ' Finish- The board shall be painted white.

Construction- The idiscus shaH be composed of a smooth metal rim, permanently attached to a wood body, brass plates set flush into the sides of the wood body, and, in the exact centre of the discus, a means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than 51 millimetres (2 inches) nor more than 57 millimetres (21/,1 inches). Each side of the discus shall be a: counterpart of the other side and shall have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance OIl 25 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre of the discus. ' Measurements -The largest dimension shall be a circle not less than 219 millimetres (8 5/8 inches) in diameter. The tryickness through the exact centre, on a line perpen-

:14 dicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 44 millimetres (13/t inches). The thickness at 25 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre shall be exactly the same as at the centre. The thickne:;s of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (1/4 inch) from the edge shall be not less than 13 millimetres (112 inch). The edge shall be rounded on a true circle. Weight-The weight of the discus sh.all be not less than 2 kilogrammes (4 Ib3. 6.4 ozs.) complete as thrown. A metal discus, complying with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used. RULE 60.

Shot. Constractior.- The shot shall be of iron or a brass shell filled with lead and spherical in shape. Weight- T'he shot shall weigh not less than grammes (16 pounds).

7.257

kilo-

RULE 62.

Hammer. Head- The head shall be of lead or a brass shell filled with lead or cast gray iron and spherical in shape. Handle-The handle shaH be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not than. 3 millimetres (1/8 inch) in diameter, or No. 36 piano wue, 2.6 millimetres (0.102 inch) in diameter. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. -Orip- The grip may be either of or loop construction, but must be rigid and Without hmgmg joints of any kind, Connections- The handle shall be connected' to the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. W eight-The weigh t shall be not less than 7.257 kilogrammes (16 pounds) complete as thrown. Length-The length shall be not more than 1.219 metres (4 feet) complete as thrown.

RULE 61.

Heavy weight. Head- The head shall be of moulded lead or a brass shell filled with lead, and spherical in shape, having imbedded a forged steel eye bolt as a means for attaching the handle. Handle-The handle shall be made of round iron or steel measuring 13 millimetres (1/2 inch) in diameter, bent in a triangular form, no side of which shall be more than 184 millimetres (71/4 inches) inside measurement. Connection-The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a welded steel link measuring 10 millimetres (3/8 inch) in diameteh Weight-The weight shall be not less than 25.401 kilogrammes (56 pounds) 'complete as thrown. Lengt1- The length shall be not more than 406 millimetres (16 inches) complete as thrown. ,

RULE 63.

Hammer throwing cage. It is strongly recommended that all hammer throws of be from an enclosure or cage to ensure the spectators. A 'cage of the following dimensions is sug-

gested: . . 'd The cage should be circular in form, having an In:1 e diameter of not less than 8.23 metres (27 feet). The height should be not less than 2.13 metres (7 feet). There should be ,an opening, through which the throw is, ,approximately 7 metres (23 feet). The :age s e composed of 57X114 millimetres (21/4X41j2 .mches) .dlamond mesh wire screen of 10 millimetres (318 Inch) wire: screen should be mounted upon pipe uprights, bUrled m the ground to a depth of 762 millimetres (30 inches), and

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- - -

46 spaced not more than 2.44 metres (8 feet) apart. The size of the pipe should be 63 millimetres (21/2 inches). It might be desirable, in some instances, to instal a demountable cage, having sockets grouted permanently in the ground, into which the pipe uprights might be set w?en the cage is erected. The sockets could be provided with covers when the uprights are removed.

inches) wide. The front side of the stand (the one from which the throw is measured) shall be 5 centimetres high from the. around while the . one parallel to it shall be b 15 centimetres high. See drawing below: (direction of throw) lIAlW.'

RULE 64.

Circles. Constraction- The circle shall be made af band iron or steel, wood or rope.

Measarements-Metal- The circle shall measure not more than

metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2.50 metres (8 feet inches), inside diameter. The sides shall be 6 millimetres (1/4 inch) thick by 76 millimetres (3 inches) high. Wood-The circle shall measure not more than 2.134 metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2.50 metres (8 feet 2 inches), inside diameter. The sides shall be 76 millimetres (3 inches) thick by 51 millimetres (2 inches) high. Rope-The circle shall measure not more than 2.134 metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2.50. metres (8 feet 2 iriches), inside diameter. The rope shall be 25 millimetres (1 inch) in diameter. Finish- The circle shall be painted white. The rope may be tarred as a means of preservation. 2.134

RULE 65.

Stand tor Discas Throwing Hellenic Style (Balbis). Constraction- The sides of the stand may be either of . wood or iron or any other similar material. The inside shall bel filled with earth or coal ashes packed hard and firm. The surface shall be even and strictly follow the slope of the sides. . ' Measurements- The stand shall measure 80 centimetres (2 feet 71/2 inches) long and 70 centimetres (2 feet 31j2

ISCJfI

.--

--80 CI1I----'-------'RULE 66.

Stop board. (Patting the Shot.) Constraction.- The board shall be made of wood. Measurements- The board shall measure 1.22 metres (4 1/2 inches) wide, and 102 (4 feet) long, 114 millimetres (4 inches) high. Finish-The board shall be painted white. RULE 67.

Sector. for throws from circle. The ninety degree sector, within which all specified, throws from the circle must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circle. The outer ends of the radii lines' shall be marked with flags. RULE 68.

Sector flags. Construction- The sector flag shall be entirely of metal. Measurements-The flag shall be rectangular in shape -and, shall measure 10xI8 centimetres ( 4X7 inches). The ,standard shall be not less than 8 ,millimetres (5/16 inch) ,in: diameter and not less than 90 centimetres (36 inches) .in length.. The flag shall be painted

Measurements- The height of the hurdle shall be: in

RULE 69.

the 110 metres (120 yards) hurdle race 1.06 metres (3 feet 6 inches) in the 200 metres (220 yards) hurdle race 762 millimetres (2 feet 6 inches) and in the 400 metres (440 yards) hurdle race 914 millimetres (3 feet). The extreme width of the gate shall be 1.22 metres (4 feet). The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be 500 millimetres (19.685 inches). The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes (15.43 pounds). Finish- The top bar of the gate shall be painted white..

Stand for judges at finish (optional). Construction- TheÂˇ stand shall be made of wood and

easy to move in all directions. MeaSllrements- The stand shall measure 2 metres (6 feet 63/4 inches) in height, 3 metres (9 feet 10 inches) in length and 1.1 metres (3 fe,::t 71/4 inche3) in width. It shall be divided in five steps 403 millimetres (15 3/4 inches) high and 600 millimetres (23 5/ 8 inches) deep. The steps may at the one end be divided in two, thus allowing an easy access to the different steps of the stand. See drawing below: .

RULE 71.

Relay baton. Constraction- The baton shall be a hollow wood tube. Measarements-- The length shall be not more than 300 millimetres (11.81 inches). Weight- The weight shall be not less than 50 grammes ( 1. 769 ounces). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4.724 inches).

1 - - - - - - - 3 0 0 0 - -_ _. _ - J

RULE 70.

Hurdles. Construction-A hurdle shall consist of two wood uprights, or standards, supporting a rectangular wood frame or gate, the uprights to be fixed in exact centre of foot or base. The hurdle may be adjustable in height, but shall be rigidly fastened at the re=tuired height for f'1ch event.

ATHLETIC RULES FOR WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS.

As drawll up by the Special Committee at the I.A.A.F. alld adopted by the Federatioll Sportive Feminine Internatiollale (F.S.F.l.)

RULE 26. World's Records. ,The I.A.A.F. to be replaced by the F.S.F.I. Modification of the second paragraph of the rule: The international Comlnittee of the F.S.F.I. shall investigate -- - - The last paragraph shall read: All applications for world's records mU3t be made on the official form of the F.S.F.I. The following Note to be added: Women's World's Records will be allowed in the following events:

For Women the rules for Men as d.:cided by the LA.A.F. will be in force with the following additions and modifications:

RUNNING. metres Relay 50 metres 800 metres 800 (4 X 200) 60 1000 1000 (lOx100) 80 300 (4X75) metres Relay 1200 (lOO, lOO, 200, 800) • 2400 (3X800) 100 400 (4X1oo) " 200 In the Relay races records are accepted for club teams and national teams.

RULE l. Ot/icials.

HURDLES. 80 metres (8 hurdles). 83 metres (7 hurdles).

Addition: In women's competitions there shall be a lady doctor and as great a number of lady officials as is deemed proper in every special case.

JUMPING. Running high jump. Standing high jump. Running broad jump. Standing broad jump.

RULE 9 to be omitted. RULE 21. Startillg order. Last paragraph to be omitted. RULE '25. \ Protests. Modification: The deposit to be £ 0 10 0 or its equivalent instead of £ 1.

THROWING. Throwing the javelin, best hand. Throwing the discus, best hand. Throwing the javelin, both hands. Throwing the discus, both hands. Putting the shot, best hand. Putting the shot, both hands.

RULE 27. Official Athletic Implemellts. New text: In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the Federation Sportive Internationale, the imptements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in these Rules.

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All implements used at international competitions shall be provided by the organisers of the competitions. In each country the implements approved of may be stamped with an agreed mark which may be registered in accordance with the laws of the country in question.

three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all her attempts. Addition to the rule: , At the Ladies' World Games there shall only be a best hand competition. InÂˇ other international meetings throwing both sides may take place, if agreed upon by the Nations competing together. If such is the case, the order shall be the following: right hand (all competitors three attempts), then ldt hand similarly. For each competitor the best throw of each hand shall count andtheir addition form the total distance. The best competi tors shall be allowed further attempts same as in the case of one hand.

RULE 28.

lumping events in general. Modification of the third paragraph of the rule: In the Broad Jumps each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the four best, if the total number of competi tors does not exceed twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors exceeds twelve, shall be allowed three more jumps.

RULES 39, 40 to be omitted.

RULE 29.

RULE 43.

Running High lump.

SO-metre Hurdle Race.

Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 120 centimetres, and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. RULE 30.

Modification of the first and second paragraphs of the rule: On every course there shall be 8 hurdles, eacJ1 hurdle to be 76.2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 12 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 8 metres apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 12 metres.

Standing High lump. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 80 centimetres and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. RULES

31,

RULE 44,

83-metre Hurdle Rac.?

be omitted.

RULE 35.

ThrQwing events in general. I

Modification of the! first paragraph of the rule: In all throwing 'events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the four best, if the total number of competi tors does not exceed twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors exceeds twelve, shall have

New text: On every course there shall be 7 hurdles, each hurdle to be 76.2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 14 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9 metres apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 15 metres. In all other respects the rule for the SO-metre hurdle shall apply. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.)

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54 RULE 58. Javelin.

RULES 4'5, 48 to be omitted. RULE 49.

Cross-country Race. New text: The distance shall not be greater than three kiloÂˇ metres. It shall be run on a bona fide cross-country course properly marked and surveyed. The start and finish may be within the athletic grounds. The track shall be level for the first 80 metres, and also for the last 80 metres minimum. The course must be marked preferably with flags of a similar colour which must be observable from a distance of at least 100 metres. The arrangements can be completed by scattering the track with bands of paper of similar colour. When laying out the route very high obstacles should ditches, and dangerous ascents be avoided, so should or descents, thick undergrowth and in general all that could constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. When a cross-country race is run as a team race, competitors shall count the actual number of the order in which they finish. Individuals will not count in this classification, nor the competitors belonging to a club having already four finished. The classification of each team shall depend on the total of the numbers representing the order of finishing of its first four members maximum; the winning team shall be the one which has obtained the smalle3t total. If a team is incomplete at the finish, each mISSIng' individual shall count the total of competitors in fhe race by\, teams plus one. In 'case of a tie on points, the team whose individual member finished nearest to first place shall be the. winners.

RULES 50-54 to be omitted.

New text:

Constraction- The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or steel point. The javelin shall be constructed in such a way that the space between the foremost point and the centre of gravity is not longer than 95 centimetres or shorter than 80 centimetres. Grip-It shall have, about the centre of gravity,. a of WhIp":' grip formed by a binding 15 centimetres cord without thonas or notches on the shaft, and shall have' no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres. A1easarements- The length shall not be less than 220 centimetres complete as thrown. W eight-The weight shall not be less than 600 grammes complete as thrown. RULE 59. Disclls. New text:

Construction- The discus shall be composed of a smoolh

metal - rim, permanently attached to a wood body, brass and, plates set -flush into the sides of the wood in the exact centre of the discus, a means for secunng the correct weiaht. The brass plates shall be circular in form, millimetres. nor having a diameter of not less than more than 57 millimetres. The two SIdes of the shall be identical and have no indentations, points, or sharp edges. The sides. shall taper a line from the beginning of the curve of the n.m to a. Ime a distance af 25 millimetres from i the centre of the A1easarements-The largest dirpension shall be a. CIrcle not less than 18 centimetres in diameter. The thIckness to .the through the exact centre, 011 a line diameter, shall be not less than 3.7 centImetres. The thIckness at 25 millimetres from the centre shall be exactly

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- - - - - - -----

56 the same as at the centre. The thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millim etres from the edge shall be not less than 12 millimetres. The edge shall be rounde d on a true circle. Weig1 zt- The weight of the discus shall be not less than one kilogra mme comple te as thrown. A metal discus, comply ing with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used.

GENERAL RULES FOR OLYMPIC EVENTS.

RULE 1. New text:

The Commission.

Const ructio n- The shot shall be of iron or a brassshell filled with lead and spheric al in shape. W eight- The shot shall not weigh less than 4 kilogramm es. RULE S 61, 62, 63 to be oÂˇmitted. RULE 70.

Hurdles. Modification of the second paragr aph: Measu remen ts- The height of the hurdle shall be 76.2 centimetres. The extrem e width of the gate shall be 1.22 metres. The extrem e length of base for the uprigh ts shall be 50 centimetres. The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes.

The Commission shall consist of five or seven mem. bers appoin ted by -. the Interna tional Amate ur Athletic Federation and shall manage the field and track events at the Olymp ic Games . All financial and technical arrang ements of the Olymp ic Games shall be in the hands of the Nation al Olymp ic Committee organi sing the Games , but the Comm ission mentio ned above shall supervise the technical arrang ements , appoin t judges , etc., as stated hereaft er. The organi sing Comm ittee shall appoin t one of its membe rs as liaison officer to the Comm ission; such liaison officer shall take care of and be respon sible for good communication between the Cnmmission and the organi sing Comm ittee. The organi sing Comm ittee shall be respon sible for part of the travelling expenses of the Comm ission, but not for those of the interna tional Judges . RULE 2.

Work 01 the Commission. The Commission shall be the highes t author ity on the track, act as Jury, and'. receive and decide any protest s. (See Rule 25 of Athletic Rules for Interna tional Competitions. ) The Commissio\n shall not overru le the decisions of

- - -

59 58 the Referees or Judges unless it shall find that a distinct mistake has been made. The Commission decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the Meeting, the final settlement of which is not otherwise covered by the rules. The Commission shall, through special experts, inve:;tigate the track and field and the technical arrangements thereof, also that implements are in accordance \'dth specifications, not less than 15 days before the opening of the Games, The report of such experts shall be forwarded by the Commission to the Olympic Committee organising the Games, as soon a's possible, with the request that certain alterations be made if necessary. The Commission shall meet at the place where the competitions are to be held not less than eight days before the beginning of the events. It shall see that field and track are in good order, courses properly laid out and measured to conform to all the requirements as laid down by the Athletic Rules for International Competitions and that all implements and equipment necessary for satisfactory competition are provided. The organising Committee shall have all the implements ready for inspection at least five days before the opening of the games. Should the Commission not find the implements in accordance with specification, new implements shall be obtained as directed by the Commission. The organising Committee shall hand over to the Commission final entries arranged for the different competitions not less than five days before the opening of the Games. The Commission accept or reje.:t such entries, arrange the series and heats, and return the result to the organising Committee, which shall publish the entries with the competitors' numbers in sufficient time before the opening of the Games. ' In the event of the track and field upon which the Olympic Games are to be held not being available for practice, the organising Committee sha.ll provide a. suitable place for this purpose.

RULE 3. The Athletic Ground. The lenrrth of each lap should be 400 500 metres. The track f;r 200 metres dash may be straIght.. nts â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘ 0" and thrOWlllO" eve All tracks for running; Jumplll." ." . t must be of cinder or similar material. Grass IS no the field inside the track there shall be tf One of these near the tunnel throu.g 1 two p Ia orms. f Id d from whICh which the competitors enter the le , and which d .. tIle field and track events shall. be r WIth the ressmg shall have telephone commumca lOn . d rooms of the athletes, the Press Stand, the loud speaker, the flag posts, . etc., an the bells may be operated in all dresslllg rooms, 0 competitors to the start. ff for the The other platform will serve as an 0 iCe _ f th f Id and track events. e le the Manao'er Commission in charge 0 The loud speaker shall be governed I .:> d of the Games, and the speaker into the miCrophone pace near the Manager. ,RULE 4. Officials. Outside the Commission th ere

S hall

officials: One Manager, 3 or 4 Assistant Managers, One Keeper of the Implements, 2 or more Announcers.

One Referee for track events, J Starters, 7 Judges at finish, 6 or more Umpires (Inspectors), 9 Timekeepers, One Referee for throwing events l

be the following

61 60

6 or more Judges for throwing events, One Referee for jumping events, 6 or more Judges for jumping events. One One One One

or more Press Stewards Official Surveyor, , Marshal, or more Field Doctors.

Necessary number of. Clerks an d Scorers, including Lap-Scorers, Necessary number of Assistants. At the running events in Decathlon, as well as in the Marathon :ace and the 50,000 metres Walkin rr Race the numbers of officials must be considerably ' RULE 5. The Manager. The Manager shall .have charge of the field and track ts be res even of the and Games. . pons.I ble f or the proper carrying out Ten mInutes before the time of he shall sound the bells in the dressing rooms nouncers shall announce on the field to the' .â&#x20AC;˘ n-

:e jUdges aud the publiC, the start of the tb:ager of the shall not leave his staud time a competition IS going on. After th f" h f an event h h 11 h e InIS 0 results from e th: a ' t rough his assistants, receive the scorer of s\lch event. All announcements to th . e pubhc, press, etc., shall be rriven by the M of the 0 th b anager ames rough the Announcers, Press Stewards ' 1ou d speakers, etc. RULE 6. The Assistant Managers. The Manager shall have' three or four Assistant Marr events , one fo r Jumping . . nagers, one d f for runnin . b events an one or thrOWing events. The Assistan.t

shall see that starts are carried out and shall follow their particular competitions. 15 minutes before the finish of any competition they snaIl notify the Manager thereof, in order that he may be . prepared for the start of the next event. The Assistant Managers shall at the end of each event called and hand to the Manager the results given by the scorers. RULE 7. The Keeper of the Implements. This official shall keep all implements under lock and key and shall be responsible for the implements being at hand in proper time for each event. The keeper of the implements acts direct'ly under the Manager of the Games.

RULE 8. The Referees. The Referees are responsible for the proper conduct of each event under their control and assign to the Judges their particular duties. In the case of a difference between the Judges, they shall decide and, if necessary, refer to the Commission. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim for foul or interference is made, the Referee shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been placed in his trial. When, in a flina'l heat, a claim for foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional pr due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled thereto.

RULE 9. The Timekeepers. . Timekeepers shall use only watches tested and certifIcated at an astronomical or physical institute durina the same year in which the Games take place, and it is that the rules and conditions of the test be SImIlar to t.hose adopted by the National Physical Laboratory, Teddmgton, England. (Said rules are published on page 63 in this book.) RULE 10. Other officials. . officials, their duties are specified 111 the Athletic Rules for International Competitions, which apply for all other questions re,;arding the Olympic Games.

T EST 0 F W ATe H E S. Rules and Conditions of the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England. (Recommended for adoption by the Hague Congress of the LA.A.F., 1926.)

Conditions of Test 01 Watches. Watches may be entered for two Classes of test, ?>A» and »B>?, which occupy 45 and 31 days respectively.

... I.

Class A. This test is divided into eight periods as follows: 1st Period - Watch in vertical position, with pendant up, at about 67° F. 2nd Period - Watch in vertical position, with pendant to the right, at the same temperature. 3rd Period - Watch in vertical position, with pendant to the left, at the same temperature. 4th Period - Watch in horizontal position, with dial up, at 'about 42° F. 5th Period - Watch with dial up, 'at about 67° F. 6th Period - Wakh with dial up, at about 92° F. 7th Period - Wakh in horizontal position, with dial down, at about 6(0 F. 8th Period - Watch in vertical position, with pendant up, at about 6(0 F. Periods 1, 2, 3 and 8 consist of 5 days each, but the remaining periods, 4, 5, 6 and 7 each occupy 6 days, as owing to intervening changes in temperature, the rate obtained on the first 'ray' of each of these four periods is not used for the purpose of the test. Class »A» certificates are issued for watches whose performan<:e was such that 1. The numerical average of the daily departures from

64 the mean daily rate, during anyone of the eight periods of test, did not exceed 2 seconds. 2. The mean daily rate in the »pendant up» position differed from the mean daily rate in the »dial up» position by less than 5 seconds, and from that in any other position by less than 10 seconds. 3. The mean change of daily rate with change of temperature was less than 0.3 second per 1 0 F. 4. The mean daily rate did not exceed 10 seconds in any position (i. e. in anyone of Periods I, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8). The certificate is endorsed with the words »Especially good» w'hen a wakh obtains a total of 80 marks or more out of a maximum of 100.

Stubsidiary Class »A» test. A watch which has previously obtained a Class »A» certificate may be entered f'Or a subsidiary retest occupying at least eight days. The watch is tested in the same positions and temperatures as those prescribed for Class »A», and the original certificate is endorsed with the date of the re test if the watch is found to be performing within Class »A» Hmi 15. Class B. This test occupies five periods as follows: 1st Period - Watch in vertical position, with pendant up, at about 67 F. for 14 days. 2nd Period - Watch in horizontal position, with dial up, at about 67" F. for 14 days. 3rd Period - Wakh in horizontal position, with dial up, at about 42°F. for 1 day. 4th Period - Watch in horizontal position, with dial up, at about 67" F. for 1 day. 5th Period - Watch in horizontal position, with dial up, at about 92° F. for 1 day. Class »B» certificates are issued for watches whose performance was such that (1) The numerical average of the daily departures 0

from the mean daily rate during the sal11.e Period of test did not exceed 2 seconds in eitlwr Period 1 or Period 2. (2) The mean daily ra te in Period 1 differed from tint in Period 2 by less than 10 seconds. ('3) The 'mean daily rate did not exceed 15 seconds in either Period 1 or Period 2. (4) The mean change of daily rate with change of temperature was less than 0.3 second per I°P. . The certificate is endorsed with the words »EspeClally o'ood» when the mean variation of daily rate did not 0.75 second for the average of Periods 1 and 2 taken separa tel y, when the difference described in (2 ). \vas less than 5 seconds, and when the mean change of daily rate with change of temperature was less than 0.3 per 1 Fahrenheit. I

Cllroflo£:rapll Watches. Each chronograph watch entered for Class »A» or Class »R» is first tested for the action of i chronograph mechanism. The ordinary Class »A» or Class »B,> test, which is made with the chronograph mechanism disengaged, is not commenced unless the watch has been found satisfactory as regards chronograph action. Particulars and Conditions ot Tests made Chronograph Action.

all

the

These tests are made bef.ore the usual »Class Bi> tests, which are conducted with the chronograph disengaged, aint! comprise the following items: (1) Tests are made over one or more periods of 24 hours each at about 67° F. in the »dial up» position, (a) with the chronograph Idisengaged, (b) with the chronograph in action, and (e) in the case of a split-seconds chronograph, with the hands split. The daily rate found under (b) mllst not differ by more than 5 seconds from that found under (a) or (c).

---

--------

(2) Short T l'sts. ((f) When the chronograph mechanism is in action Jnd pressure is applied to push-piece, the chronograph hand or hands must either stop dead at once, or else they must run on unaffected until stronger force is used. (b) There must be complete absence of »1Jgging» an{j moving in »sP<lSm oclic» jumps when pressure is applied to the pUSh-piece. (e) The chronograph hand must start exactly from, and return to, the Zero mark. The inclusive errors of starting and stopping must not exceed ± 1!" second. In the case of a split-seconds chronograph, the hands must run together in exact accordance unless split. (cl) The indications of the minute-recorder must be exactlv consistent with the position of the chronograph hand." In the case of »instantaneous» and »semi-instantaneous» minute-recorders, if the chronograph hand is stopped at5 1)l/" seconds, the minute recorder should not indicate the completion of one minute. Conversely if the chronograph hand is stopped at 60 1 /" seconds, the recorder mllst not fail to indicate the completion of one minute.

Basis

Computation 0/ the iJilarks Awarded of the Kew »C/ass A» Test Oil Watcfzcs.

Oil

tlte

Results

Each »Class A» certifica te issued for a watch will contain a statement of the marks awarded on the results of the complete test. Marks are .1ssessed for; (1) Con\:;istency of daily rate (maximum 40 marks), (2) Posit!ion adjustment (maximum = 42 marks). (3) Temper.:tture compensation (rnaxirmml =20 m.:trks), The certificate is endorsed with the word'S »e-,pecially goocln when .:t watch obtains a total of 80 marks or more 'Ou t of a maxim urn of 100.

Consistency 0/ Daily Rate. The numerical average of the departures of the inclivie!ual daily rates from the mean daily rate for a given period of test, is defined as the »mean variation of daily rate» for th.:tt period. The final v.:tlue, ».1» in seconds, obbined for the »mean variation of daily rate» is the numerical average of the eight individual values of the »mea/1 v:lriation of d:lily rate», obtained separately for the eight different test. periods of Marks awarded f.or of daily rate =40 (1- a) 2, Positiofl Adjustment.

The marks awardeu fOl" position acljustment are COlllputee! entirely on tlIe results of the six periods. Nos, I, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8, in which the test is m.:tde with the watch in different positions, the /10rmal temperature of 6r F.:threnheit. The mean variation of rate with change of position, »b» in seconds, is taken as the numerical average of the departures of the six mean values of the daily rate in Periods Nos, 1, 2, '3, 5, 7 and 8, from the algebraic mean of the six mean values. Marks awarded for position adjustment

=40 Temperature C ompeflsatiofl.

The marks awarded for temperature compensation are computed on the results of Periods Nos. 4, I) and 6, These portions of the test are I1l:Hle in ),dbl uP» posi tion ami rela te to [em peratures measured' in f ahrenheit degrees. The temperature coefficient, »c» in seconds per 1 F., that is the mean change of daily rate for ,1 ch.:tnge in temperature of 1 E, is defined by the following ratio; 0

-----

-----------

(is

The sum of the numerical departures of the three average daily rates in Periods 4, 5 and (J, from the algebraic mean of these three average daily rates. The sum of the numerical departures o[ the three mean temperatures in Periods 4, 5 and (J, from the average temperature for these three periods.

Marks awarded for temperature compensation

= 20(1 - 10 C)

3 The tobl marks awarded are therefore obtainable froll! the following formula: Total marks=40 (1--

+ 40 (1 -

Where »a» is the. final value of daily rate» (average for all )Ib» is the mean variation of rate (Periods 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8), »c» daily rate per 1 0 F.

+ 20 (1 -

13° C).

of the »mean variation eight periods of test), with change of position is the mean change of

Ref[ulatiolls Concerning the Rc-testing ot \Vatches which have previously been awarded a »Kew» Certificate.

(1) The Laboratory Certificate, issued on the results of the previous test, must accompany the watch when it is submitted for retest. (2) When a watch is entered for complete retest under the full »Class A» or »Class S» conditions, the old certificat will be canceHed, and will be replaced by a new one if the watch passes the rete-3t. In the event of a »Class A» retest, the marks obtained in the previous tes t or tests together wi th the dates of tIle tests, will be endorsed on the new certificate unless the Laboratory is otherwise instructed. (3) Should a watch, entered for complete ,)Class A» or »Class B» retest fail to pass the test, the old certificate wiII be cancelIed.

(4) In the case of a watch entered for the »Cbss A» Subsidiary test, however, the previous »Class A» certificate will not be cancelled, but will be endorsed suitably on the \yatch passing the test. If a watch fails to pass the »Cla-;s A Sub;idiary» test, the Laboratory will ordinarily retain the old certificate pending the rectification of the watch and the fiml of a retest, when the usual endorsement will be made. If for any reason the sender requires the old certificate returned before a satisfactory retest is passed, the failure (or failures) will be recorded on it.

71 Rule

IN DEX.

Rule

Amateur Status Announcements Announcers Application for \Vorld's Record A::;sisbnce Assistant Managers (0. U.) Assisting officials Athletic Ground (0. 0.) Attempts, see Trials. Attendants Baton '" Broad jumps: Rules Take-off board , Chalk lines Circles ; Clerk of the Course Clothing Commission (0. G.) Competition Competitors Courses '" ., Cross bar Cross-country (Men) » (La'dies ) Crossing', during races Dead

. . . .. . .

. ..

.. . .. . '" . . . .. . . . . . .. . ..

heat ) scoring

Direction of running Discu::;; Rules » Helleni,c Style lmplel1lent (Men) >}

Circle Balbis

(L3!dics)

11 17 (j 2 I, 2 5, 6 .) " Ill, '51 .).)

0 1 :3

1·1 00

5 ;::, l \ .1'/

]ioctor liopillg Drawing for order in the competition Du ties of officials Entries 11 , Team race , , }}

(0. G.)

Excavation (pit) False starts » » Pentathlon ») }) I)ecathlon Finals Finish }) judges Finishing order: Jumping Throwing Track Team race Pentathlon Pbgs for marking throws Fouling . Orips and weights Groups, see Heats and groups. Hammer: l{ules Implement Circle , Cage Heats and groups , » }} » , Pentathlon »»» ,Decathlon Heavy weight: Rules Implement Circle High jumps: Rules (Men) » (Ladie., ) Apparatus Hop, step and jump , 1

Decathlon »

Page

' ,

2'3

1-1

'12, :5:3

.()] -liS 41 :2 5 'Y1) 6;! :21, -13 5 7 '2, III Cl, 12 1, 2 57 19 12 17 11 41 2J 5'') 40

49 4() 41

2-1

. . .. . .. .

29 3-1

25 15 '31

41 :37 '37 a 59 51)

:2') :2'2 :2'3

6-l

-l6 46

-u

. .. .. . . . .

. . .. .

. .. . , . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . ..

Page

1 5 13 20 1, 21 7, 13 2-16 6--11 11 17 28 47 2 58 20 32 10 11 31 52 32 53 12 18 25 42 8

')s -I.,;

17 21

')-

",)

28 31 35, 68 21, 47 47

6, 1'1 17

3, 19

62 6-!

46 4S 12 31 32

63 18 52 53

24 39 44 61 46 64 2(), '30 J7 18 20, 30 52 ! .'

3'1

t-llIrctl e races: Rules (1\\en) }) (La{1 ie-) Apparatus (Men) .... n (Ll·dies) Implements , Inspectors »

,'rug-of-\var

. . ' ..

[avelin:

(00.)

Page

2i), 27

-l-I,

Rules Implement (Men) \) (L:Jdies ) Judges: field Track Walking Tug-of-war Jumping events in general (N1en) ,) )}» » (Ladies) Keeper of implements (0.0.) Lady doctor Lanes » , Relay races Lap Scorers Liaison officer (0. O. ) Loud Speaker 1\1anager » (0.0.) N\arathon lV\arshal Nleasurelllents )} , .lumps ., )} ,Track Medical Moving of uprights Number of attempts, see Trials. Numbers Official implements Officials ,

Rule

. . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. '" . . .. . . . . . . . . . ..

. . .

f'l,I-1 'l'j 701-8 in 27 17, 51 cl 7 Sol '10 36 :t? l") ')8 . )

Si)

'J \...l

6 8

1)·1

')1)

28 28

17 52 hI

41 16 1'3 1

27 10

(10

50 1 5 22 2<), T? IS,

2 f) 11 14 20

,11

2()

1')

17, ')1 s, ' SO

- ., 'H 1 n..... , Iq ')l)

Sf)

Rule

Pentathlon »

scorin oo'

........................................................ Pit Platforms (0. G.) . Pole vault: Rules : . Implement . Apparatus . Press Steward . Programme, order of competitors' names . ;.. Protes ts Qualification for next round .. Records . Referee . Referees (0. G.) .. Refreshments . Relay races . "' » , baton .. Scorers: field . Track . Lap ; . Sector ..................................................... Sector flags ; . Shot: Rules . implement (Men) . » (Ladies) . Circle . Stop-board ' . Stand for Judges at finish .. Standards .. Starter . Starting order . Steeple-chase ,. Stop-board: Shot-putting . Surveyor . Take-off board .............................. . Team race . Test of Watches (0. 0.) .. -

Page

52 31 53 32 32 20 3 59 31 19 56· 42 55 41 16 11 21 . 13 25 15,50 18 12 26 . 15

8 23 46 71 7

61 14 27 49 8

12,

13. . 10 35,6721,47 68 47 38 23 60 44 60 56 64 46 66 47 69 48 55 40 11 9 21 13 48 29 38,66 23,47 14 11 57 42 47 28 9 62,63

- - -

ihro\\'jng \'H:nh in .L;t'ner:d (Nkn) n ,," \) (Li<li('c;) ...... ,l

" , Cross-country Timekeepers

(Ladib)

. ..

)}

Pentathlon Decathlon

.. ..

Track Trials number of aHem pts,

Jumping ...... '.> Throwing » » Pentathlon ... ! " » » » » Decathlon ... Tug-of-war . Umpires . Uprights .. Use of implements: Vaulting pole . Thro\ving events Vaulting- pole . Walking rules . Watches, Tests .. Water-jump . \X/orld's Records (Men) . » »(Ladies) . ))

))

I l;

2-±

'')2 I -!

-17

-!() 10

'j-l

Timing »)

P:Ig-e

(0.0) for Records

Rut<: .)

'l'eal11 race

------- ----------_. - -

() -) d_

26 '52 53 -ll

1 '5 '31 ')2

2') 12

18 28 17, 52 C),-

)')

21, ')2 31

l)..J. 4

'31

35 56

22 42

1)1

48 26 2()

62, 63 29

15 SI "

...

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