Athletic Rules for International Competitions with General Rules for Olympic Events and European Cha by The Marshal

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- I NTERNATIO/yAL, , AMATEUR --_FEDERA.TION

New p-ublications _

_ _ , ENGLISH:

- Bandbook of the I. A.l\. F.

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INTRODUCTION LIST OF CONTENTS Introduction Council of the LA.A.F.

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Athletic Rules a) for Men's interna'tional corppetitions in field and track events : I Management of the Meeting (Rules 1-16) II Rules for Competitions (Rules 17-27)... III Jumping events (Rules 28-34) IV Throwing events (Rules 35-40) V Races (Rules 41-50) VI Walking (Rule 51) VII 'Combined competitions (Rules 52-53)... VIII Various events: Tug-of-Ivar (Rule 54) .•. IX Specifications for official Implements and apparatus (Rules 55-71) b) for Women's international competitions in field and track events General Rules for Olympic events General Rules for European Championships .. Olympic Programme: List of events » » : Berlin, 1936........................... Index to the Athletic Rules

VASTERAs 1935 VASTMANLANDS ALLEHANDA PRINTING CO.

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This book has been printed specially for use at the great forthcoming event in Berlin next year. We refer to the 1936 Olympic Games·which are also the I. A. A. F. Championships of the World. It contains the up-to-date Rules for international competitions in Field and Track events as revised by the Congre.ss of the 1. A. A. F. in Stockholm 1934. The special rules for the Olympic events and European Championships are also printed in this For all other information abou t the Federation, such as By-laws, Amateur Status, list of affiliated Countries, World's Records, Minutes from the two last Congresses, etc., we refer to the Handbook of the I. A. A. F. 1932-1934, published in December 1934, which can be obtained at our Head Office, at a price of 2 Swedish Crowns (money flemittance with order). The Athletic Rules of the I. A A. F. were published in German an<i French before the Congress in Stockholm 1934. Thus the said editions do not include the alterations decided at the Congress. In order to see easily the alterations made by the Stockholm Congress they have been specially marked in the present English edition. As notified by President Edstrom at the Congress in Stockholm, the Head Office of the 1. A. A. F. is from the beginning of this year located in the city of Norrkopiug', Sweden. Letters may be addressed to INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION, NORRK6PING,' SWEDEN. The tdegraphic address is laaf, Norrkoping. The address of the office of the World's Records Committee is: Mr. S. Stankovits, Dunautca I, Budapest, Hungary. Members are asked to send all applications for World's Records to this office, from which also official forms for thl:l applications may be had upon request. Norrkoping, Sweden, January 1935. INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATI00J. J. SIOFRID EDSTRGM BO EKELUND President

Honorary Secretary

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ATHLETIC RULES FOR MEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS.

1. COUNCIL OF THE I.A.A.F.

Sigfrid Edstrom, President} Vasteras, Sweden. Ba Ekelund, Hon. Secretary-Treasurer} Norrkoping, Sweden. Avery Brundage (U. S. A. ) J. Genet (France) Dr. Karl Ritter von Halt (Germany) D. G. A. Lowe (Great Britain) Marchese Luigi Ridolfi (Italy) S. Stankovits (Hungary)

Assistant Hon. Secretary: W. Bj1omeman, Norrkoping, Sweden.

i* The Council of the I. A. A. F. will act as Jury for Athletic events at the Olympic Games in Berlin, 1936.

MANAGEMENT OF THE MEETING.

RULE 1. Officials (Optional list). One Manager, One Referee, 4 or more Umpires, One Clerk of the Course, One Chief Field Judge, 3 or more Field Judges, 2 Scorers for Field Events, 6 or more Judges at the Finish, One or more Judges of Walking, 3 or more Timekeepers, One Starter, One Scorer for Track Events, One or more Lap Scorers, One Official Surveyor, Qne Marshal, One Press Steward, One Doctor. If deemed necessary, assistant:; may be provided for the Manager of the Meeting, the Clerk of the Course, the Marshal and the Press Steward; and official Annomicers may also be appointed. RULE 2. The Manager. The Manager shall have control of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme.

He shall attentively fJollow the events going on and decide when a new event shall begin. Before the beginning of a new competition he shall in good time inform the officials concerned and have the competitors who are entered in the event calle:d out on the field. After the finish of each event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorers. All announcements to the public, press, etc., shall be given by the Manager through the Official Announcer, Press Steward, loud speaker, etc. He shall have the right to take' action against any competitor whose clothing does not conform to the regulations. The Manager shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem p["oper. RULE 3.

The Referee. The Referee shall see that the Rules are observed. He shall decide all questions ["elating to the meeting, the final settlement of which is not otherwise covered by these rules. In the case of a difference between the judges he shall decide. In case of improper conduct by a competitor he has the right of exdusion. Any protest or objection which has reference to the conduct of a competitor in, the actual compeijtik:>n shall be deckled by the Referee on the glfound, and. his decision shall be final. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim for a foul or interference is made, he shall have the poweli to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he copsiders the foul intentional or due to culpable ness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindere\i competitor to start in the next round of heats, as if he had been placed in his trial. When, in a heat, a claim for a fool or interference is made, he sha11 have the power to disqualify the com-

peti tor who was at fault, if he considers the foul inten. tional or due to culpable carelessne:;s, and he shall also have the p'Owerto order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled to such a privilege. RULE 4.

Umpires. It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may designate, to watch 'the competi'tion closely, and in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a oompeti,tor or other person, to make a report to the Referee of the i,nddent. Such Umpires are inerely assistants of the Referee, to whom they shall report; but they have no power to gi\Âˇe any decisions.

RULE 5. The Clerk 01 the Course. The Clerk of th,e Course shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered, and he shall warn them to appear at the starting line before the start of each event in which they are entered. In all track events he shall draw for the competitors' respective stations and assign those stations to each competitor and to each national group. He shall control hi,S a;ssistants and assign 'to them such duties as he may d,eem proper. RULE 6. Fiteld I adges. The Chief Field Judge shall see that all implements and equipment are in accordance with the3e rules and that the field events are ,conducted expeditiously. The Field Judges shall judge, measure and each trial of each competitor in all events, in which the resul t is determined by distance or height. Their decisiOln as to the performance of each man shall be final and without appeal.

RULE 7. Scorers tor Fifdd Events. The Scorers for Field Events, of whom one shall act in throwing events, the other in jumping events, shall tbe p:rovided with the names and the numbers of atll their respective events. . They shall receive the competitors at the start of each event in which they aet, and shall call over the names of the competitors. They shall record the order in which each competitor with the height or distance fi,nished his event, furnished them by the Field Judges, and shall as soon as possible hand the results to the Manager. RULE 8. fudges at the Finish. The Judges at the Finish shall decide the order in which the competrtors finish in the competition. In case of a disagreement, the majority of the judges concerned with the disputed place or places sball decide. Their decision as to the order in which the competitors finish shall be final and without appeal. It is recommended that one Judge selects the first man to finish, one the first and second, one the second and third, and so on. The Judges should be placed at least two metres from and in line with the finishing line, and it is recommended that an elevated stand be used for the Judges in order to allow them to have a good view of the finishing line. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 69.) R.ULE 9. fudges of Walking. The Judge or Judges of Walking shall determine the fairness or unfairness of walking in accordance with the walking rules (see Rule 51), and any of them may caution and, after one cauti'on, disqualify a competitor; they shall, however, immediately disqualify any competitor when walk-

ing unfairly during the last 400 metres or 440 yards of a. race and th{3ir decisions shall be final and without appeal. RULE 10. Timekeep'efs. Three Timekeepers shall time every event. In case two of their watches agu-ee, and the third disagrees, the time marked by the two shall be the official time. If all the watches disagree, the time marked by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. The time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. For races up to and including 1,000 metres the tenth of one second timing shall be accepted. For looger races the timing shall be in one-fifth of a second. An electrical timekeeping device in addition, approved by the National' Association of the country where the oompetition is held, may be used by the timekeepers. RULE 11. The Starter. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the Starter. The Starter shall haveenti.re control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or not any man has gone over his mark. All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. At all international meetings, the words of the Starter, in his pwn mother tongue, shall be: "On your marks", . Then the report of the pistol after a pause of about two seconds. If any part of the body of a competitor touches the ground in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start.

The starter must warn the .offender or offenders and shall, except in the Pentathlon and Decathlon, disqualify at the second false start. Rocking starts are forbidden, i.e. the whole body of the competitor must be qui te steady and motionless at the report of the pistol. If, h the .opinion of the Starter, the start has not be.en a fair .one,he must recall the competitors by a second shot. Should the st<l!rter have to warn the competitors on any point, he should order the competitors to "Stand up". The use of starting blocks is forbidden. RULE 12. The Soorer lor Track Events. The Scorer for Track events shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered in track events. He shall receive the competitors at the starting line, and he shall there call over the names of the competirors. He shall record the order in which each competitor finished his event, to.sether with the time furnished him by the Timekeepers, and shall as s.oon as possible place the resul ts at the disposal of the Manager. RULE 13. Lap Scorers. The Lap Scorers shall keep a tally ;)f the laps covered by each competitolr in races exceeding one lap, and shall announce by meall1S of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man enters the last lap. RULE 14. The Olficial Surveyor. The Official Surveyor shall survey the track and measure all the distances which are to be contested and make a report to the organising Committee or to the Referee before the Meeting. \

RULE 15. The Marshal. The Marshal shall have full police charge of the enclosure and shall prevent any but officials and actual competitors from entering Or remaining therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. RULE 16. The Press Steward. The Press Steward shall obtain from the Manager of the meetin a the names of all starters in each event, the names of point winners, and the times or distances -of each winning or record performance, and shall keep the Press thoroughly informed of all occurences at the Meeting.

11.

RULES FOR COMPETITIONS.

RULE 17. Entries. The various competitions are confined exclusively to amateurs. The amateur status of every competitor must be guan.nteed by the Association that governs in the country from which the competitor has entered, according to the definition of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, and he shall not be permitted to compete in any foreign country unless he holds such guarantee and has permission to compete in any particular event. This guarantee must accompany each entry. Entries must be made in duplicate, properly typed or printed. RULE 18. Heats. Preliminary rounds shall be held in every event in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competitions to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round.

The heats shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the meeting and the representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats. No subsequent round shall begin earlier than 40 minutes after the conclusion of the preceding round. In all races at least the first and the second shall qualify for the next round. At least six competitors shall qualify for the fiml round. RULE 19.

The Competition. Competitors shall be required to wear shorts or trunks reaching to within four inches of the knee, and the clothing must be dean and so designed and worn as not to make an indecent display of the competitor's person. Every Icompetitor shall be supplied with and must wear on the breast during competition a distinctive number corresponding! to his number on the programme. In races not exceeding 300 metres duplicate numbers shall be provided and worn, one on the breast, and one on the back. Any competitor wilfully jostling, or running across, or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress, or evidently competing to lose, shall forfeit his right to be in the competiti;on, and shall not be awarded any position or prize that he would othenvise have been entitled to. No competitor shall be allowed to rejoin a race after leaving the track, either for the purpose of gaining a place or to pace or assist another competitor. The officials shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event if in their opinion the conditions\ warrant the same. RULE 20. \

Doping. Doping is the use of any stimulant not normally employed to increase the power of action in athletic competition above the average.

Any per&on knowingly acting or assisting as explained above, shall be excluded from any place where these rules are in force or, if aÂˇ competitor, be suspended for a time or otherwise, from further participation in amateur athletics under the jurisdiction of this Federation. RULE 21. Starti'/lg Order. The Authorities conducting the Meeting shall draw for the stations of the competitors in each event, an<l the names of the competitors shall be printed in the programme in this order, in heats and groups. In all fiel<l events the oompetitors shall make their trials in the order of their names as printed in the PflOgramme. In the event of a competitor being entered in both a field event and a traok event which take place at one and the same time, the field event officials shall allow the competitor to make his trials in an order other than that of the programme. In all track competitions up to and including 1000 metres competitors shall draw for theili respective stations immediately before the start. The competitor with number one shall take the inside station, with number t\'(lO next, and so on. In track competitions of 3,000 metres and over, the best man of each nation shall be placed in the first row, the. other competitors being. stationed in the row corresponding with their effective worth. RULE 22. Measurements. All measurements must be made with a steel tape: graduated in centimetres or in inches. In all throwing events and broad jumps that portion of the tape showing the covered distance must be held by the Official at the take-<off or at the circle.

RULE-23.

Attendants. No attendant or competItor who is not actually taking part in the event shall accompany any competitor on the mark or in the race, nor shall any competitor be allowed, Referee or Judges, to receive without the permission of assistance or refreshment from anyone during the progress of an event, and in no case can assistance or refreshments be given to any competitor in a trace of less than 16 kilometres (10 miles). RULE 24.

Ties. In all contests where results are determined by measurements of height or distance, ties for first and other places shall be decided as follows: If two or more competitors tie at any height in the standing or the running high jump, and the pole vault, an additional trial at the height failed at shall be allowed, and if no result, the bar shall be lowered to the previous height cleared and one more trial allowed. The b3.f shall then be raised or lowered until the tie is decided. In case of a tie in any field event for distance, an additional trial shall be given to decide the ties. In case of a tie in any field event, the subsequent performances only determine the relative position of those who are competing to decide the tie. dead heat in any track event, the comIn case of petitors shall not be allowed to divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must compete again at a time and place appointed by the Referee.

RULE 25.

Protests. Verbal protests may be made before or at the meeting; but such protests must be made in writing and duly presented and accompanied by a deposit of ÂŁ 1 or its equi-

valent, before action thereon. The deposit may be forfeited at the discretion of the person or body deciding the protest. RUL,E 26.

World's Records. No record shall be accepted unless made outdoor and timed at least three official Timekeepers (accepted by the National Association as such) and, in field events, measured with a steel tape by at least three Field -Judges. The Rules and Records Committee of the I.A.A.F. shall investigate every performance to which their attention i: called and shall be empowered, in their discretion, to . any record which is not supported by the affidaVIts of at least six officials certifying as to the place, time of day, state of weather, condition of track or field, force and direction of wind, level or gradient of ground, weight, measurement and material of implements, and correctness of announced time or distance. Each member of the Federation shall keep a list of the best records made in its particular country. The world's best r'ecords, however, can only be accepted by the Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. . Records claimed for events made with implements comply with the, specifications adopted by whIch do the InternatIOnal Amateur Athletic Federation will not be allowed. .. A r.ecord can only be made in a bona fide competlOn, either scratch or handicap, \vhich has been duly !Ixed and advertised befO'1'e the day, and is included in the printed programme, together with the names of the entrants for the events. A result obtained .in deciding a tie cannot be accepted as a world's record. No walking record shall be recognised unless made on a track. In a trace of a certain distance, competitors who wish to attempt to makoe a record over a shorter. distance shall

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be allowed to do so, on condition, however, that such an attempt is made in perfect accordance with the stipulations of this rule and that the attempt is controlled by special timekeepers and judges. When the time taken for a longer distance is better than, or as good as, the time taken for a shorter distance, ' the time for the longer distance shall cover and be recognised as the record for the shorter distance. It is not allowed to attempt a record for a longer distance than announced in the programme. When a world's record is made by an athlete of a foreign country, the National Association of the country where the record is made, shall proceed to verify the record in the same way as it does for its own athletes. The recoro having been passed by the said National Association, the record blank adopted by the LA.A.F. shall be filled out and forwaJfded to the LA.A.F.*) The Association shall also send a duplicate of this blank to the National Association of the athlete. AU applications for world's records must be made on the official form of the LA.A.F. RULl;: 27.

Ofticial Athletic Implements. In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, the implements used must comply with the specifications for officia,l implements adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. These specifications are set out in Rules 55-71. All implements used at international competitions shall be provided by the organisers of the competitions, except in the Pole Vault where the competitors may use their own poles. . Each Member of the Federation may stamp the implements approved of with' its own mark which may be *)

office: Mr. S. Stankovits, Dunautca 1, Budapest, Hungary.

registered in accordance with the laws of the country in question. '

III.

JUMPING EVENTS.

R.ULE 28. I amptng events in general. In the R.unning and the Standing High Jump and in the Pole Vault three trials only shall be allowed at each height. Dislodging the bar in the course of a jump or vault or passing the plane of the uprights shall count 'as a trial. A competitor may commence at any height above the minimum height and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. In the Broad Jumps and in the Hop, Step and Jump each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the six best shall be allowed three more trials. In all jumping events each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, subject to conditions relating to ties. The employment of weights or grips of any kind (grips of cork included) is forbidden. ground about the jump must be level. The A competitor may place marks for his take-off and a hanqkerchief on the cross-bar for sighting purposes. RULE 29.

Running High lamp. The competition shall start at a height of 160 centimetres (5 feet 3 inches), and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. The competitor must take off from one foot. Neither diving nor somersaulting over the bar shall be permitted. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest.

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The uprights shall not be moved during the competition unless the judges consider the take-off has become unsuitable. Such a change shall be made only ,after a round has been completed. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 55.) RULE 30. Standing High Jump.

, The competition shall start with the bar at a height of 120 centimetres (3 feet 11 inches). The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall co-unt as one trial jump without result A ,competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, but he may not lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it aloqg in any direction on the ground. With these additions, the rules are similar to th03e for the Running High Jump. !For apparatus, refer to Rule 55.) RULE 31. Pole Vault. The competition shall start at a height of 3 metres (9 feet 10 inches), and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. The take-off for the Pole shall be from a wooaen box as designed in the Specification of Implements (see Rule 55). A competitor must not, at the moment that he makes a jump, or after leaving the ground, place his lower hand above the upper one or move the upper hand higher up on the ipole. If' a competitor dears the bar, but in doing so the pole should remove the same, it shall be considered as a failed try. As soon as a competitor has left the ground for the purpose of makinl a jump, this shall counted as a jump.

It shall be considered a failure if the pole of th<:; competitor touches the ground beyond the plane of the uprights. " ..' '.Noattendant should be allowed to touch the pole unkss it is faIling away ftom the bar or uprights. Competitors may use their own poles. These may IJave a binding, but must not have any further support for the hands. No competitors shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of their owners. ,

All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it lowest. If the uprights are moved, they shall not be moved more than 60 centimetres (two feet) in any direction, and not more than one hole may be made. If the uprights are moved, the Field Judges should make a remeasurement, because if there is any inequality in the ground at all, changing the uprights make a difference varying from a quarter of an inch to one inch, and a competitor should not be allowed to obtain an advantage in that way. The uprights shall be at 3,66 metres (12 feet) apart. If in making a trial in the Pole Vault the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not count as' a trial. (For apparatus and implement, refer to Rules 55 and 56.) RULE 32. RUlmillg Broad Jump.

The length of the run is unlimited. If any competitor touches the ground beyond the take-off board or i,ts front line extended, with any part of his body, such jump shall not be measured but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The take-off shall be from' a board, the ou ter edge of which shall be called the scratch line. In front of the scratch line, over .1 width of 10 centimetres (4 inches),

20 the ground shall be sprinkled' with soft earth or sand to make it, 12 milfimetres (112 inch) higher than the take-off board. The measurement of the jumps shall be made at right angles to the nearest break in the gro'und made by any, part of the body of the competitor. Th'e -excavation (pit) shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centi;metres(9 feet). Tire di,stance between the take-()ff and the end of the excavation (pit) shall at least 9 metres (29 112 feet). (For apparatus, refer to Rule 57.) RULE 33. Standing Broad lump. See rules for the Standing High Jump, as well as, whereapplkable, for the Running Broad Jump. RULE 34. Step and lamp. the competitor shall first land upon the same foot with w-hkh he shall have taken off, the reverse foot shall be used for the second landhlg, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects, the rules for the Running Bro;1d Jump shall apply. (.For apparatus, refer to Rule 57.)

IV.

THROWING EVENTS.

RULE 35. Throwing events in general. . Âˇ, In all throwing eventS; each competitor sh:l.1l have three trials, and the best six shall have three more/ Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. In all throwing events from a drd'e it shaH He afotil throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into 'the

circle and starred to, make the throw, tOllche3 with any part of his body the ground outsi.de the circle or if. he steps on the circle. , The competitor must not leave the circle ,until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall. then from a standing "positi.on leave the circle from ,the rear half which shall be indicated by a chalk line extended outside the circle. The circle shall be measured from the inside and shall be flush with the ground 'outside the circle. The earth or clay in the circle shall be' packed hard and firm and 2 centimetres (%, inch) lower than outside the circle. All throws from a circle; to be fair, must fall within a sector of 90 degrees. . . In the' jawlin, discus and hammer 'competitio'ns a distinctive flag sball be provided with which to mark the throws of each competitor,and a special flag to mark the' existing world's record. Only throwing implements provided by the organisers of the meeting can he used at international meetings. No harness, instrument or device of any kind which can be used as a support when making the throw or the shot put shall be allowed. i,

RULE 36. I avelin Throwing. _ The throwinK shall take place from behind a scratch line, properly marked, which shall be a board 7 centimetres (23/4, inches) in width and at least 3,66 metres (12 feet) in length sunk flush with the gro:llnd. The javelin must be held at the grip. No throw shall pe counted in which the point of the javelin does not the ground before any part ,of the "shaft, or where '. the cornpeti tor crosses the seratch line or its extension. , The thrower must not place his foot or feet upon the board. The throw is. measured from the neare:;t mark made

by the point of the Javelin to the inner line of the bQardor its extension. In throwing the javelin, if the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall not count a3 a trial, provided the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. (For implement, refer to Rule 58.) RULE 37.

Throwing the Discus. The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2,50 (8 feet 21/2 inches) in diameter. Letting go the dlsciisin making an, attempt shall be coun'ted as 'a trial. The measurements of each throw be made' from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark made by the di?cus to the centre of the circle. (For Implement anci apparatus, refer to 59, 64 and 67-:-68.) RULE 37 a.

Throwing the discus (Hellenic Style). The throw shall be made from a special rectangular stand (Balbi;S) 80 centimetres (2 feet 71(2 inches) long and 70 centimetres (2 feet 3 1/2 inches) wide, the surface of \x;hich shall slope in the direction in which the throw is made. . . The di;SCus thrower (right-handed) places, himself in the stand wi'!h the right foot in front of the left. Neither foot must step over the: outer surface of the si'des. Starting from this position the competitor shall make the throw. It is forbidden' during the ,thro\v to change the position of 'the feet or lift them from the stand. Turning on the ball of the foot however,permitted. After the throw has been made, the competitor may leave the stand by making a jump forward. 'The throw is measured from the middle of the outer

surface' of the front side of the throwing stand to the mark made by the discus nearest the stand. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 59 and 65.) RULE 38.

Putti'ng the Shot. put shall be made from) a circle 2,135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In the middle of the circumference, at the front 'half of the circle, shall be placed a stop-board firmly fastened in the g r o u n d . ' The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only and it must never be brourrht behind the "" shoulder. Foul puts and letting go the shot in an attempt shall be counted as trial puts without result. The measurement of each put shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot to the i,nside of the Circumference of the circle along a line from the mark made by the shot to the centre, of the circle. (For and apparatus, refer to Rules 60, 64 and 66-68.) RULE 39.

Throwing the Heavy Weight. All throws shall be made from a circle

2,135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. In making his throw, the competitor may assume any posi,tion he chooses and use both ha,nds. Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as trial throws without result.Âˇ The measurement of each throw shall be taken at the circle from ,the nearest mark made by the fall of any part of the weight to the inside edge of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark to the centre of the circle. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 61, 64 and 67-68.)

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RULE 40.

Throwing the Hammer. All throws shall be 'made from a Circle 2,1.1:; flletres (7 feet) in 'diameter. Foul throws and letti,ng go of the hammer in an attempt shall count a,s a trial throw without result. , _ The measurement of the throw shall be from the nearest edge of the firs t mark made by the head of the hammer to the inside circumference of the circle along a line from such mark made by the hammer to the centre of circle. ' . In throwing the hammer, if the hammer breaks during the trial or while in the air, it shall not be considered a throw, provided the throw was performed in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. Itshall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor mal):es the preliminary swings. (For implement and apparatus, refer to Rules 62-64 and 67-68.)

RACES. RULE 41.

Track and Lanes. The runni,ng track shall be mel$ured 30 cen timetre.s (12 inches) outward from the inner edge of the _ track. There must be a border of board, rope, cement, or any other materi:a.l. The inner border shall be 5 centimetres (2 inches) in height. In all races of a distance. up to and including 400 !11etres or 440 yards, each competHor shall have a separate L22 metres (4 feet) properly measured, course of at !he enti:re to be m<:trked with 5 centimetres (2 inches) chalk lines. The inner lane shaH be measured as stated above, the outer lanes 20 centimetres (8 inches) from their respecti've borders.

The direction of running shall be left hand inside. Each competHor shall keep in his respective position from start to finish' in all races run in lanes. In all races he shall not cross id front of a competitor until he is 2 metres in advance of his nearest competitor. To conduct properly important Internatiooal Meetings the track should permit of at least six lanes. The maximum allowed inclination of the running track and of the Held shall be one: one thousand. RULE 42.

The Finish. The finishing line shall be a line on the ground drawn across the track from finish post to finish post and the competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of thek bodies (i.e. "torso", as distinguished from me ne:?Q, arms, feet or hands) reaches such line. But a competitor falling at the finish is' not considered to have completed the race unless his entire body shall have crossed :he finishing line. For the purpose of aiding the judges, but not as a finishing line, there shall be stretched acr03S the traok at the finish, 1,92 metres (4 feet) above the ground, worsted whkh shall be fastened to the post at each side of the finishing line, at right angles to the course and parallel to the finishing line. ;The finish posts shall be of rigid. construction of about 1,37 metres (4 feet 6 inches) height, 8 centimetres (3 inches) width and 2 centimetres (3/4 inch) thIckness. . (For apraratus, refer to Rule 69.)

RULE 43. 110-metre (120 yards) Hurdle Race. On every course shall be 10 hurdles, each hurdle 1.06 metres (3 feet 6 inches) high. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13,72 metres (15 yards), the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9,lt metres (10 yards) apart, and the

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distance from th.e last hurdle to the winning PO.3t shall be 14,02 metres (15 yards). Note (a): When the race is 110 metres, the metric measures shal1 be used, when the race is 120 yards, the English measures shal1 be 'used:

A c()mpetitor knocking down three or more hurdles or any portion ofÂˇ three or more hurdles shall be dis-' qualified. SWinging' and broken h,urdles to be considered as knocked down. In maki'ng a record it shall be necessary for the competitor to jump over every, hurdle in its proper position and no record shall be allowed unless all the hurdles competitor clears them. remain standing after A competitor wh.o trails his leg or foot alongside any hurdle shall be di'squalified. Each competitor shall have his own lane of hurdles and shall keep to that lane throughout the race. Note (.b): When the new type of the hurdles is used, the following alterations of these rules shall be observed: The knocking down' of one or more hurdles does not disqualify the athlete, nor does it disentitle him from claiming a record. According to the decision of the Congress in Stockholm 1934, both types of hurdles may be used until the end of the year 1936. At the Olympic Games in Berlin the new type will be used.

(For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.) RULE 44. 200-mdre (220.yards) Hurdle Race. In the 20o-metre Hurdle Race there shall be 10 fliahts ::. of, h,urdles, each hurdle to be 76,2 centimetres (2 fee;t, 6 inches) in height. The first hurdle shall be placed 18,29 metres (20 yards) distant from the scratch mark: the remaining hurdles shall b,e 18,29 metres (20 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 17,10 metres (20 yards ) . ' , Note: When the race is 200 metres, the metric measures shall be USed, , when the race is 220 yards, the English measures 'shall be used.

In all other respects the rules for the 110-metre (120 yards Hurdle Race shall apply. (For apparatus, 'refer to Rule 70.)

RULE 45. 400-metre (440 yards) Hurdle Race. In the 400-metre Hurdle Race shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 91,l centimetres (3 feet) in height. The first h)lrdle shall be placed 45 metres yards) from the scratch mark, the remaining hurdles 35 metres (38,277 yards) apart, and the shall be distance from' the last hurdle to the \vinning post shall be 40 metres (43,745 yards). , Note.. When the race is 400 metres, the metric measures shall be used, when the race is'440 yards, the English measures shall be used.

In all other respects the rules for the 110-metre (120 yards) Hurdle Race shall apply. . (For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.) . , RULE 46.' Relay Races. A line shall be drawn 10 metres (11 yards) on each side of the starting line of each relay to be known as the starting zone. Both runners must be within this zone when passing the baton. No member of a relay team, in order to relein one of his team, can run outside of such zone. The baton must be passed (not thrown or dropped) by a competitor and taken by the one succeeding him. , Violation of any of these rules by any competitor shall disqualify the team. The baton must be carried throughout the entire distance of the race. No competitor can run two sections in any t e a m . , The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has bee'rt run, but the members of the team may change their o'rder of running. The position of the teams must be drawn for. All teams entered in relay races shall be lettered, commencing with the letter A. When relay races up to and including 400 metres or

28 440 yards are contested on a circular path, each competitor must have a separate lane and lane shall be the full distance. (For implement, refer to Rule 71.) RULE 47.

Team R.ace. Track team races may be divided into trial heats' and a final, if necessary. In track team race5 the maximum number of starters lof a team and the n,umber,of cOlnpetitors whose positions are to count shall be stated on the entry blank. The te3.m scoring the least number of points, according to the positions in which the member5 of .the team finish \vhose positions are to count, shall be the winner. Positions of other members of the team and positions of members of a team which does not finish at least the number whose positions are to count, shall not be counted. In case of a tie between two or more individual competitors finishing simultaneously, each of them shall score for his team a number of point5 obtained by dividing the total sum of their position number5, reckoned as if they had, instead of being tied, finished rerularly in a file, with the number of such competitors (thus, for instance, if two competitors finish tied for second place, each of them shall score hvo and a half poinb). In case of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring individual member nearest to first place shall be the winner. The composition of a team must not be changed after a trial heat 111s been run and only competitors finishingthe full distance are eligible to compete in the final. RULE 48.

Steeple-chase. The hurd'les shall be 91,4 centimetres (3 feet) high, and a water-jump shall be included. It is recommended that the hurdles be at least 3,66 metres (12 feet) \"ride

and so heavy that they cannofbe easily overturned. Each competitor must go over or through the water, and any one who steps to one side 'or the other of the jump shall be disqualified. There shall be to each' lap of 400 metres five jumps including a water jump. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed; height 91,<1 centimetres (3 feet). Th'e water jump shall be 3,66 metres (12 feet) in width and length, the water being 76 centimetres (2 feet, 6 inches) in depth at the hurdle end and sloping to the, level of field at the further end. The competitor must clear each jump, but may vault e<lch obstacle. RULE 49.

Cross-country R.ace. The race shall be run on a .bona fide cross-country course properly marked and surveyed.. The start and finish may be within the athletic ,grounds. The course must be marked preferably with red flags to the left and white flags to the right, which must be observable from a distance of 125 metres. In all other respects the rules governing track competitions shall prevail. RULE 50.

Marathon Race. (42,195 metres = 26 miles 385 yards.) The Marathon Race shall be run on high roads. The start and finish may be on the athletic grounds. Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate, from a physician of standing, certifying his fitness to take part in a race 6f this kind. No competitor, either at the start or during the progress of the race, may take any so-called drugs on pain of immediate disqualification. A competitor must at once retire from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed.

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VI.

WALKING.

RULE 5I. Delitlition and Rules 01 Wall?ing. Delinition.-Walking is progression by steps so' taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. /udgbzg and Disqualijications.-A competitor \V'hose mode of progression fails, in the opinion of t\vo of the Judges of Walking, to comply with the definition during any part of the competition, shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by one of the Judges of Walking. Effect may be given to any such disqualification immediately after the conclusion of the competition, if circumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. Judges may advise a competitor upon his mode of progression if it should appear that the competitor be in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of \'(lalking. In track races a competitoc who is disqualified must immediately leave the track and in road races the disqualified competitor must, immediately after his disqualification, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing. It is recommended th?-t a system of signalling; "caution" by white flag, and "disqualification" by red flag during a walking race be used as faT as possible for the information of officials of the sports,- competitors, and spectators, but this is not compulsory.

VII.

COMBINED COMPETITIONS. RULE 52.

Pentathlon. _The competition comprises the following event:;: Runl)ingBroad Jump, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), 200 metres Flat Race, Throwing the Discus (best hand), and

1,500 metres Flat Race. The events follow in the abdvemention.ed ordeT. Three trials are allowed in both jumping and throwing. In the 200 metres flatÂˇ- race, groups of three men are formed by lot. If the number of runners is such that after the groups have been arranged one man is over to run alone, one man shall be drawn by lot from among the other competitors to run against him. The order of the competitors in this event shall be decided on the basis of each contestant's time. If false starts occur in the running competitions, the competitor will, after the second false start, be penalized by one hundredth of the distance of the race for each false start. After four false starts the competitor at fault shall be eliminated from the event in which the offence was committed. In the flat races, the time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches. The winner shall be the one who has obtained the highest number of points in the five divisions awarded on the basis of the new Scoring Table for field and track events adopted by the LA.A.F. Congress in Stockholm, 1934.

RULE 53. Decathlon. The competition comprises the following events: 100 metres Flat, Running Broad Jump, Putting the Shot, Running High Jump, and 400 metres Flat, on the first day. Hurdle Race (110 metres), Throwing the Discus (best hand), Pole Vault, Throwing the Javelin (best hand), and 1,500 metres Flat, on the following day. The events follow in the above-mentioned order. . Three trials only are allowed in the Broad Jump and Throwing. Both in the 100 metres and 400 metres flat races, :lS well as in the hurdle race, three or four competitors start in each group. On the other hand, in the 1,500

32 metres race, five or six shall sta.rt. Howe\'er, the Referee shall have the right, in case of nece3sity, to make alterations. The composition of the groups is decided by lot. The time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches. If false starts occur in th'e running competitions, the competitor will, after the second false start, be penalized by one hundredth of the distance of the race for' each false start. After four false starts the competitor at fault shall be eliminated from the event in which the offence was committed. A record may be claimed even if one or hvo hurdles are knocked down in the 110 metre hurdle race. Note: When the new type of

is used the fol1owing alteration of this rule shall be observed: The knocking down of one or more hurdles does not disqualify the athlete, nor does it disentitle him from claiming a record. According to the decision of the Congress in Stockholm 1934. both types of hurdles may be used until the end of _the year 1936. At the Olympic Games in Berlin the new type will be used.

The winner' shall be the one who has obtained the highest number of points in 'the ten d!visions, awarded on the basis of the new Scoring Table for field and track events adopted by the LA.A.F. Congress in Stockholm, 1934.

VIII.

VARIOUS EVENTS.

RULE 54. Tug-o/-war. The teams shall consist of equal number" of competitors. The rope shall be of sufficient length to allow for pull of 3,68 metres (12 feet), and for 3,66 metres (12 feet) slack at each end, tOJether with 1,22 metres (4 feet) for each competitor; it shall be not less than 10 centim'etres (4 inches) in circumference and shall be without knots or other holdings for the hands. A centre tape shall be affixed to the centre of the rope, and 1,83 metres (6 feet) on each side of the centre' tape a side, tape shaH be affixed to

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34 No gloves or adhesive substance whatever shall be used on the hands or ropes. _ The competing teams shall be drawn in pairs and all byes disposed of in the first round. Where three only compete, the team drawing the bye shall pull off for second prizes if defeated by the winner of the first round.

IX.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND APPARATUS. RULE 55.

Jumping or vaulting standards. Âˇ d 0 f uprI' ghts 0[' posts Upriuhts-Any stye I or Inn may be provided they are rigid. . . . Cross Bar-The cross bar shall be tnangular III section each of which shall measure 30 millimetres (13/16 inch). Optionally the cross bar may be split the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 mllhmetres (1 foot) long.. . The lenath of the oross bar shall not be less than 3,66 metres (12 feet) and not more th'an 4 metres -(13 feet 11/2 inches). The maximum weight of the crossbar shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lbs. 62/5 ozs.). Supports for High Ju'mp- The support of the cross 1 bar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres (1 /2 3 inches) wide and extending 60 millimetres (2 / 8 inches) ir: length. It shall faoe the opposite upright and. the end of the cross bar shall rest on it in such a fashIOn that the cross bar easily falls to the grol1nd both forwards and backwards if touched by the competitor. shall be a space of 10 millimetres (3/ 8 inch) between the cross bar and the uprights. The following drawing illustrates one way of constructing the uprights as per stipulations above:

Supports for the Pole competitions in the Pole Vault, pegs shall be used for the support of the croSS bar; The pegs shall be without notches -orindentatiohs of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (1/2 inch) in diameter and mnst not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 inches) from the uprights. Wooden box of the take-off for the Pore Vault-This shall measure 1000 millimetres (3 feet 4 in.ches) in length, 600 millimetres (2 feet) in width at front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 inches) in width at the stop-board, where it shall be 200 millimem-es (8 inches) in depth. The bottom of the box shall be covered _on the inside to a

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36 lenath of 800 millimetres (2 feet 8 inches) with a piece millimetre sheet iron. See drawing below: of

0,6

fOOO

mm {J141------I

6oomm(2',

RULE 56. Vaulting pole. Construction-The pole shall be either of wood or. bamboO and may be of any length or diameter. It shall have no assisting devices except as provided for, but ay be wound or wrapped with adhesive tape. The wrappmg must be of uniform thickness. The lower end of the pole may. terminate in a single metal spike or a wooden plug.

RULE 57. Take-oft board. (Broad jumps.) Construction-'-,The take-off board shall be made of wood. The board shall measure 1,22 metres (4 feet) long, 200 millimetres (8 inches) wide, and 100 millimetres (4 inches) deep. Finish-- The board shall be painted white.

RULE 58. Javelin. Constrllction- The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or steel point. The javelin shall be constructed in; such a way that the space between the foremost poin t and t}:1e centre of gravity is not longer than 110 centimetres (3 feet 71/ 3 inches), or shorter than 90 centimetres (2 feet 112/5 inches). Grip-It shall have, about the centre of gravity, a grip formed by a binding 16 centimetres (6 3/ 10 inches) broad, of whipcord, without thongs or notches on the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (1 inch). Measurements- The length shall be not less than 260 centimetres (8 feet 6 inches) complete as thrown. Weight-The weight shall be not less than 800 grammes (1 lb. 121/4, ozs.) cornp\lete as thrown. . RULE 59. Discus. discus shall be compiosed of a smooth metal rim, permanently attached to a wood body, brass plates set flush into the sides of the wood body, and, in the exact centre of the discus, a means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than 51 millimetres (2 inches) nor more than 57 millimetres (2V1. inches). Each side of the discus shall be a counterpart of the other side and shall have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in :cC straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance of 25 millimetres (l inch) from the centre of the discus. Measllremeflts- The largest dimension shall be a circle not less than 219 millimetres (8 5 / 8 inches) in diameter.

The thickness through the exact centre, on a line perpellldicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 44 millimetres (13/4, inches); The thickness at 25 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre shall be exactly the same as at the centre. The thickness. of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (1/4, inch) from the edge shall be not less than 13 millimetres (1/2 inch). The edge shall be rounded on a true circle. , Weight-The weight of the discus shall be not less than 2 kilogrammes (4 loo. 6 2/ 5 OlS.) complete as thrown. A metal discus, complying with the official measnrements, conditions and weight, may be used. RULE 60.

Shot. Construction-'-'- The shot shall be of iron or a brass shell filled with lead and spherical in shape. Weigltt-The shot shall weigh not less than 7,'157 kilogrammes (16 pounds). R.ULE 61. Heavy weight. Head-The head shall be of moulded lead or a brass shell filled with lead, and spherical in shape, having imbedded a :forged steel eye bolt as a means for attaching theÂˇ handle. Handle- The handle shall be made of round iron or steel measuring 13 millimetres (112 inch) in diameter, bent !n a triangular form, no side of which shall be more than 184 millimetres (71/4 inches) inside measurement. Connecti-on- The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a welded steel link measuring 10 (3/S inch) in diameter. Weigh't- The weight shall be not less than 25,'101 kilogrammes (56 pounds) complete as thrown. Le/lgth- The length shall be not more than 406 millimetres (16 inches) comp'lete as thrown. \

RULE 62.

Hammer. Head-The head shall be of lead or a brass shell filled with lead or cast gray iron and spherical in shape. Handle-The handle shall be a sinale unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not le3s than 3 milli(1/s inch) in diameter, or No. 36 piano wire, 2,6 mIllImetres (1/10 inch) in diameter. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. Orip- The grip may be either of single or double construction, but must be rigid and without hinging JOInts of any kind. Connections- The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle oy means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. Weight-The weight shall be not less than 7,257 kilogrammes (16 pounds) complete as thrown. Length-The' length shall be not more than 1,219 metres (4 feet) comp1ete as thrown.

RULE 63.

Hammer thrOWing cage. It is strongly recommended that all hammer throws be from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators. A cage of the following dimensions is suggested: . The cage should be circular in form, having an inside dIameter of not less than 8,23 metre3 (27 feet). The height shou'!d be not less than 2,13 metres (7 feet). There should be an opening, through which the throw is made, of approximately 7 metres (23 feet). The cage should be composed of 57X114 millimetres (21/4,x4V2 inches) diamond mesh wire screen of 10 millimetres (3 /s inch) wire. The SOfeen should be mounted upon pipe uprights, buried in the ground to a depth of 760 millimetres (30 inches), and

spaced not more than 2,4,1, rrtetres (8 feet) apart. The size of the pipe should be 63 millimetres (2 1/2 inches). It might be desirable, in some instances, to instal a dismountable cage, having sockets grouted permanently in the grolmd, into which the pipe uprights might be set when the cage is erected.Âˇ The sockets could be provided with covers when the uprights are removed. RULE 64.

Direction of throw

IS cm CIII------

Circles.

Construction-.The circle shall be made of band iron or steel, or wood.

Measurements-Metal- The circle shall measure not more than 2,135 metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2,50 metres (8 feet 2 inches), inside diameter. The sides shall be 6 millimetres (1/,4, inch) thick by 76 millimetres (3 inches) high. Wood-The circle shall measure not more 'than 2,135 metres (7 feet), in discus throwing not more than 2,50 metres (S feet 2 inches), inside diameter. The sides shall be 76 millimetres (3 inches) thick by 51 millimetres (2 inches) high. Finish-The circle shall be painted white. RULE 65.

Stand tor Discus Throwing Hellenic Style (Balbis). Construction-The sides of the stand may be either of wood shall firm. slope

or iron or any other similar material. The inside be filled with earth or coal ashes packed hard and The surface shall be even and strictly follow the of the sides. Measurements-The stand shall measure 80 centimetres (2 feet 71/2 inches) long and 70 centimetres (2 feet3 1h inches) wide. The front side of the stand (the one from which the throw is measured) shall be 5 centimetres high from the ground while the one parallel to it shall be 15 centimetres high. See drawing beFow:

RULE 66.

Stop-board. (Putting the Skot.) Constructiolz-The board shall be made of wood. Measurements-The board shall measure 1,22 metres

(4 Jeet) long, 114 millimetres (4 1/2 inches) wide, and 102 lTIillimetres (4 inches) high. Finish-The board shall be painted white.

RULE 67.

Sector tor throws from circle. The ninety degree sector, within which all specified throws' from the circle must fall, shall be clearly marked t.:'--?:" on .the -ground, the radii lines crossing at the centre of circle: The outer ends of the radii lines shall be marked with flags. RULE 68.

Sector flags. Constraction-The sector flag shall be entirely of metal. Measurements-The flag shall be 'rectangular in shape and shall measure 10XIS centimetres (4X7 inches). The standard shall be not less than 8 millimetres (5/16 inch) in diameter and not less than 91 centimefu-es (36 inches) in length .. The flag shall be painted red.

43 RULE 69.

Stand for judges at finish (optional).

hurdle may be adjustable in height, but shall be rigidly fastened at the required height for each event.

Cons'truction-The stand shall be made of wood and be easy to move in all directions. Measurements-The stand shall measure 2 metres (6 feet 63/,,' inches) in height, 3 metres (9 feet 10 inches) in length and 1,1 metres (3 feet 7 1/4 inches) in width. It shall be divided in five steps 400 millimetres (15:1/,1 inche:;) high and 600 millimetres (23 5 / 8 inches) deep. The steps may at the one end be divided in two, thus allowing an easy access to the different steps of the stand. See drawing below:

iJ1easllremmts-The height of the hurdle shall be: in the 110 metres (120 yards) hurdle race 1,06 metres (3 feet 6 inches), in the 200 metres (220 yards) hurdle race 762 millimetres (2 feet 6 inches) and in the 400 metres (440 yards) hurdle race 914 millimetres (3 feet). The extreme width shall be 1,20 metres (3 feet 11 inches). The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be 500 millimetres (1 foot 7 7/ 10 inches). The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes (15 lbs. 7 ozs.). Finish-The top bar shall be striped in black and white. B. New type.

"'"------3000 -

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RULE 70.

Hurdles. A. 0 Id ty pe.

Construction-A hurdle shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular wood frame, the uprights to be fixed in exact centre of the base. The

COllstruction-"...-The hurdle shall be made of wood or metal and shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame reinforced by one or, more cf.Ossbars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle may be adjustable in height but shall be rigidly fastened at the required height for each event. The hurdle shall be of such design that a force of at least 3,6 kilogrammes (8 pounds) applied to the centre of the top edge of the oross bar is required to overturn it. Measllrements- The height of the hurdle shall be: in the 110 metres (120 yards) hurdle race 1,06 metres (3 feet 6 inches), in the 200 metres (220 yards) hurdle race 76,2 cen timetres (2 feet 6 inches) and in the 400 metres (440 yards) hurdle race 91,4 centimetres (3 feet). The extreme width shall be 1,20 metres (3 feet 11 inches). The extreme length of base shall be 70 centimetres (27 112 inches). The total weight of the hurdle shall be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22 lb:;. 3 112 OlS.). Pillish- The' top bar shall be striped in black and white. The hurdles shall be so placed on the track that the ends carrying the uprights shall be farthest from the starting line.

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45 RULE 71. Relay baton. COllstrllction- The baton shall be a hollow wood tube. Measllrements- The length shall be not more than 300 millimetres (or 1 foot). Weight-The weight shall be not less than 50 grammes (13/4 ozs.). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4 3/ 4 inches).

ATHLETIC RULES FOR WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS IN

FIELD AND. TRACK EVENTS.

As drawn up by the Special Committee 01 the I.A.A.F. and adoPted by the Fedhation Sportive Feminine lnternationale (F.S.F.!.)

For Women the rules for Men as decided by the with the following additions LA.A.F. will be in and modifications: RULE 1. Officials. Addition: In women's competitions there shall be a woman doctor and as 1::>areat a number of women officials as is deemed proper in every special case. RULE 9 to be omitted.. RULE 21. Starting order. Last paragraph to be omitted. \

RULE '25. Protests. Modification: The deposit to be ÂŁ 0 10 0 or its equivalent instead of .ÂŁ 1.

46 RULE 26. World's Records. The I.A.A.F. to be replaced by the F.S.F. I. Modification of the second paragraph of the rule: The Federation Sportive Feminine Internationale shall investigate The last paragraph shall read: All applications for world's records must be made on the official form of the F.S.F.I.

Note:Women's Worlds Records will be allowed in the following events: 50 metres

RUNNING. metres Relay 800 (4 X200) 800 metres 1000 (10X 100) 1000 1200 (lOO. 100, 200, 800) ' n 300 (4X75) metres Relay

60 80 â&#x20AC;˘ 2400 (3 X 800) 400 (4X 100) n 100 . 200 In the Relay races records are accepted for club teams and national teams.

HURDLES. 80 metres (8 hurdles). 83 metres (7 hurdles). JUMPING. Running high jump. Standing high jump. Running broad jump. Standing broad jump. THROWING. Throwing the javelin, best hand. Throwing the discus, best hand. Throwing the javelin, both hands. Throwing the discus, both hands. Putting the shot, best hand. Putting the shot, both hands.

RULE 27.

Official Athletic Implements. New text: In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the Federation Sportive Feminine Internationale, the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in these Rules.

All implements used at international competitions shall be provided by the organisers of the competitions. In each country the implements approved of may be stamped with an agreed mark which may be registered in accordance with the laws of the country in question. RULE 28. lumping events in general. Modification of the third paragraph of the rule: In the Broad Jumps each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the four best, if flIe total number of competitors does not exceed twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors exceeds twelve, shall be allowed three more trials. RULE 29. Running High lump. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 120 centimetres, and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. . RULE 30. Standing High lump. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: The competition shall start at a height of 80 centimetres and the bar shall be raised as the judges may decide. RULES 31, 34 to be omitted. RULE 35. Throwing events in general. Modification of the first paragraph of the rule: In all throwing events, each competitor shall be allo\'(/ed three trials, and the four best, if the total number of competitors does not exceed twelve, or the six best, if the total number of competitors exceeds twelve, shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all her attempts.

48 Addition to the rule: At the Women's World Games there shall only be a best hand competition. In other international meetings throwing both sides may take place, if agreed upon by the Nations competing together. If such is the case, the order shall be the .following: right hand (all competitors three attempts), then left hand similarly. For each competitor the best throw of each hand shall count and their addition form the total distance. The best competitors shall be allowed further attempts same as in the case of one hand.

RULE 49.

Cross-country Race. New text:

New text: On every course there shall be 7 hurdles, each hurdle to be 76,2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 14 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9 metres apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 15 metres. In all other respects the rule for the 80-metre hUl,dle shall apply. (For apparatus, refer to Rule 70.)

The distance shall nor be greater than three kilometres. I t shall be run on a bona fide cross-country properly marked and .surveyed. The start and finish may be \'dthin the athletic grounds. The track shall be level for the first 80 metres, and also for the Âˇlast 80 metres minimum. The course must be marked preferably with flags of a similar colour which must be observable from a distance of at least 100 metres. The arrangements can be completed by scattering the track with bands of paper of similar colour. When laying out the route very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditche3, and dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and in general all that could constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. When a iC!11Oss-oountry race is run as a team race, competitors shall count the actual number of the order in w'hich they finish. Individuals will not count in this a to a club classification, nor the competitors belomrin I:> 0 having already four finished. The classification of each team shall depend on the total of the numbers representiu'J the order of finishin I:>lT of its first four members maximum; the winning team shall be the one which has obtained the smallest total. If a team is incomplete at the finish, each individual shall count the total of competitors in the race by teams plus one. In case of a tie on points/ the team whose individual member finished neaJrest to first place shall be the winner.

RULES 45, 48 to be omitted.

RULES 50-54 to be omitted.

RULES 39, 40 to be omitted. RULE 43.

80-metre Hurdle Race. Modification of the first and second paragraphs of the rule: On every course there shall be 8 hurdles, each hurdle to be 76,2 centimetres in height. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 12 metres, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 8 metres apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 12 metres. RULE 44.

83-mttre Hurdle Race.

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51 RULE 58.

Javelin. New text:

Construction-The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or steel point. The javelin shall be constructed In such 'a way that tbe' space between the foremost point and the centre of gravity is n'ot longer than 95 centimetres, or shorter than 80 centimetres. - Grip-It shall have, about the centre of gravity, a grip formed by a binding 15 centimetres broad, of whipcord, without thongs or notches on the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres. Measurements-The length shall not be less than 220 centimetres complete as thrown. The weight shall not be less than 600 grammes complete as thrown.

ness at 25 millimetres from the centre shall be' exactly the same as at the centre. The thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres from the edge shall be not less than 12 millimetres. The edge shall be rounded on a true circle.

W eight-The weight of the discus shall be not less than one kilogramme complete as thrown. A metal discus, comp.lying with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used. RULE 60. New text:

Shpt.

Constructlon- The shot shall be of iron Of a .brass shell filled with lead and spherical in shape. '" W('ight-The shot shall not weigh less .than 4 kilo:grammes. RULES 61, 62, 63 to be omitted.

RULE 59.

RULE 70.'

Discus.

Hurdles.

New text:

Construction--The discus shall be composed of a smoothl metal rim, permanently attached to a wood body, brass plates set flush: into the sides of the wood body, and, in the exact centre of the discus, a means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than 50 millimetres nor more than 57 millimetres. The two sides of the discus shall be identical and have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a pne a distance of 25 millimetres from the centre of the discus. Measurements-The largest dimension shall be a circle not less than 18 cen timetres in diameter. The thickness through the exact centre, on a line perpendicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 3,7 centimetres. The thick-

Modification of the second paragraph: . Measllrements- The height of the hurdle shall be 76,2 centimetres. The extreme width shall be 1,20 metres. The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be 50 centimetres. The total weight of the hurdle shall be 7 kilogrammes.

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GENERAL RULES FOR OLYMPIC EVENTS RULE l.

The Jury. The Jury shall consist of five or eight members appointed by the International Amateur Athletic Federation and shall manage the field and track events at the Olympic Games. An finandal and technical arrangements of the Olympic Games shall be in the hands of the National Olympic Committee organising the Games, but the Jury mentioned above sha:ll supervise the technical arrangements, appoint judges, etc., as stated hereafter. The organising Committee shall appoint one of i 1Js members as liaison officer to the Jury; such liaison officer shall take care of and be responsible for g.ood communication between the Jury and the organising Committee. The organising Committee shall be responsible for part of the travelling expenses of the Jury, but not for those of the international Judges. RULE 2.

Work of the Jury. The Jury shall be the highest authority on the track, and receive and decide any protests. (See Rule 25 of the Athletic Rules for International Competitions.) The Jury shall not overrule the deci'sions of the Referees or Judges unless it shall find that a distinct mistake has been made. . The Jury shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the Meeting, the final settlement of which is not otherwise covered by the rules.

The Jury .shall, through special experts, investigate the track fIeld and the ,technical arrangements thereof, also that Implements are in accordance with specifications, not less than 15 days the opening the Games. The report of. such shall be forwarded by the. Jury to the CommIttee organising the Games, as soon WIth the request that certain alterations be as made If necessary. .. The Jury shall meet at the place where the h . are to be held not less than eight days before the begI?mng of the events. It sha1.1 see that field and track are In good order, courses properly laid out and measured to to ,all the requirements as laid down by the :x-thlehc Rules for International Competitions and that all and equipment necessary for satisfactory c,ompetitIOn are provided. The Committee shall have all the implements ready for InSpectIO'11 at least five days before the opening ?f the games. Jury not find the implements In a:cordance WIth speCIfIcation, new implements shall be obtaIned as directed by the Jury. '. . The Committee shall hand over to the Jury fmal arranged for the different competitions not less than fIVe days before the opening of the Games. The Jury shall accept or reject such entries, arrange the series' and heats, and return the result to the ora-anisina- Committee Which. shall the entries with the/::> bers In suffICIent hme before the opening of the Games. In. the event of the track and field upon which the OIYU: PIC Games are to be held not being available for practIce, the organising Committee shall provide a suitable place for this purpose. RULE 3.

The Athletic around. The length of each lap should be 400 or 500 metres. The track for the 200 metres dash may be straight. All tracks for running, jumping and throwing events

- - - , . - - -

54 must he of ; cinqer or similar material. Grass is not permitted'.." ,'l".Âˇ "; ',' . , ; .. ' . . â&#x20AC;˘. " ' On the field the kac'k there shall be arranged two platforms;! One of. these shall be near the tunnel throu.gh which the, competitors enter the field, and from the field and track events shall be managed, a.nd shall have telephone communication with the dressmg rooms of the athletes the Press Stand, the Band Stand, the loud be speaker, the fl'ag posts, etc., and from which bells operated in all dressing rooms, to call the competitors . f th to the" s t a r t . ' 'The other. platform shall s,erve as an office or e Jtlry . in .charge of the field and track events. , The loud speaker shall be governed ,by the Mana",er of the Games, and the speaker into the microphone placed (f

near the Manager. . R.ULE 4.

Officials. ollow,inQ' officials: , Beside the Jury there s h a11 be the f One Manager, . 3 or 4 Assistant Managers, One Keeper of the Implements, 2 or more Announcers. . One Referee for track events, 3 Starters, 7 Judges at the finish, 6 or more Umpires, ,9 Timekeepers" , , One Referee for throwing events, 6 or more Judges for events, One Referee for jumping' events, 6 or mOTe Judges .for jumping events. ---' One or mOire Press Stewards, One' Official Surveyor,

One Marshal, One or: more Doctors. Necessary number of .Clerks and Scorers, including Lap-Scorers, . Necessary number 9f Assistants. For the runnfrrg even ts in' Decathlon, as well. as in the Marathon race' .andthe 50,000 ' metres' Walking Race, the numbers of offidals' must be' considerably increased. RULE 5. The Manager. The Manager, shall have 'charge 'of the field' and track 'for the proper carrying out of events and be the Games. Ten mihutes before the' time of an event, 'he shall sound the bells in the dressing rooms, and Announcers shall announce on the field, to the competitors, the judges and the pUblic, the start of the event. The Manager of the Games shall not leave his stand during the time is 'going on. After the finish of an event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorer of such event. All ;announcements to the public, press, etc.) shall be given by the Manager of the Games through the Announ<:ers, Press Stewards, loud speakers, etc. RULE 6. The Assistant Managers. The Manager shall have three or four Assistant Man;lgers, one for running events, one for jumping events and One for throwing events, etc. The Assistant Manage'fs shlallsee that starts are carded out and shall follow their particular competitions. 15 minutes before the finish of any competition they shall notify the Manager thereof, in order' th:at he may be prepared for the start of the ilext event.

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The Assistant Managers shall at the erid of each event called and hand to the Manager the results given by the scorers. RULE 7. The /(eeper ot the Implements. This official shalt keep all implements under lock and key and shall be responsible for the implements being at hand in proper time for each event. The keeper of the implements acts directly under the Man3:ger of the Games. RULE 8. The R.eferees. The Referees are responsible for the proper conduct of each event under their control and assign to the Judges their particular duties. In the case of a difference between the Judges, they shall decide and, if necessary, refer to the Jury. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim tor a foul or interference is made, the Referee shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start ir the next round of heats, just as if he had been p1aced in his trial. When, in a final heat, a claim fo:r a foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the p,ower to order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled thereto. RULE 9. The nmekeepers. Timekeepers shall use only watches te3ted and certificated at an astronomical or physical institute dUring the same year in which the Games hke place, and it is recommended that the rules and conditions of the test bc similar

57 to those adopted by the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England. (The said rules are published in the 1931 edition of the "Athletic Rules"). RULE 10. Other ottitials. Regarding other officials, their duties are specified in the Athletic Rules for International Competitions, which apply for all other questions regarding the Olympic Games. RULE 11. Qualification Trials. Where in any of the throwing or jumping events (hammer throwing, women's high jump and women's javelin throwing excepted) theÂˇ number of entries exceeds 18, a qualifying round shall be held prior to the competition proper. No athlete shall participate in the competition proper unless he has reached the prescribed standard in the qualifying round; but if in any event less than 12 competitors reach the qualifying standard, then the first Âˇ12 athletes and any athlete tying for the 12th place shall take part in the competition proper. In each qualifying round, each competitor shall be allowed three but the performances accomplished shall not be considered part of the competiti'On proper. Once a oompetitor has reached the qualifying standard, he shall not make any mote trials. Qualifying standams are as follows: High jump 185 cm., Broad jump 700 cm., Hop, step and jump lAOO cm., Pole vault 380 cm., Javelin 6,000 cm., Discus 4,400 cm., Shot put 1,450 cm. and discus 3,600 cm.

GENERAL ,RULES FOR' EUROPEAN CHAM'PIONSHIPS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS as adopted for thefirsfEuropean Championships in Turin, 1934.

RULE 1. The European shall be controlled by the Council of the LA.A.F. and the European COlllmission. RULE 2. The Council of the I.A.A.F. shall have supreme control over all questions conCerning the Championships and shall' appoint the European Commission. RULE 3. The European Commission, consisting of a President, ?ecretary and five' other Members, shall possess th,e following powers: a) it shall determine, in co-operation with the organising country, the date of the Championships; b) it shall ,have charge of the preparations for the Championships and their permanent control and conduct; c) it shall appoint the Jury, judges and officials, accept' 0'1' reject entries, arrange heats, and in general exercise the, same control over the European Championships does the Coun,cil of the LA.A.F. over the Olympic Games.

The duration consecutive days.

RULE 4. , the Championships shall' be three

RULE 5. The Championships shall ,comprise the complete Olympic Programme for men.

RULE 6. . The order .of the. events and the complete daily programme shall be determined by the European Commission by the end of December. RULE 7. Each nation" in Europe' may be represented by two athletes hi ecichindividual event and one team in each relay event. Only' subjects of a country can represent that country. RULE 8.. The final entrie,s submitted by the: national federation must be in the ,han.Qs of the Federation of the organising country a fortnight I;>efore the first day of the Championships. Entries for the; relay events need not be, accompanied by the names of the comp:titors; but. these names must be handed in by 6 o'clock lt1 the evenmg of the day preceding the event.

60 RULE 13. The members of the Jury, . the judges and offfcials shall be appointed by the European Commission from expert3 of the various nations.

OLYMPIC PROGRAMME. Offidal List of Events for Track and Field at Olympic Games.

RULE 14. The organising Association shall be responsible for all the costs and expenses involved in the preparation and conduct of the Championships, as well as for all obligations imposed by the LA.A.F.

Each nation shall be allowed three entries, three to start in all individual events, including the Marathon and 50,000 metres Walk. One team per nation in relay events. In the relay races each nation shall be allowed to enter not more than twice the number entitled to score.

RULE 15. The organisers shall pay the travelling and living expenses (se<:ond-class railway return ticket, board and lodging for a maximum period of eight days including the time taken in travelling) for at least 100 athletes of the various participating countries.

Competitions for Men:

RULE 16. These 100 places shall be distributed amon 'o='' the various countries in accordance with the athletic results of the preceding year. The organising Association shall work out a formula from which the quota for each country can beca1culated and submit this to the European Commission for approval and distribution of the places. RULE 17. The places shall be so distributed that each cipating country shall obtain at least one place. RULE 18. Other expenses of the athletes participating in the Championships shall not be paid. As far as possible, however, the organising Association shall try to obtain for the athletes, officials and judges, board -and lodging at reduced prices and reductions in the travelling expenses.

100 metres flat. 200 " 400 • • 800 • 1,500" • 5,000 " • 10,000 " " Marath.on Race (42,195 metres = 26 miles 385 yards). Steeplechase, 3,000 metres. Hurdle Race, 110 metres. Hurdle Race, 400 " Running High Jump. Running Broad Jump. Running, Hop, Step and Jump. Pole Vault. Throwingthe Javelin, best hand. Throwing the Discus, best hand. Putting the 7,257-kg. (16-lb.) Shot, best hand. Throwing the 7,257-kg. (16-lb.) Hammer.

Decathlon comprising: 100 metres flat. Running Broad Jump. Putting the 7,257-kg (l6-lb.) Shot, best hand. Running High Jump. 400 metres flat. Hurdle Race, 110 metres. ThrOWing the Discus, best hand. Pole Vault. Throwing the Javelin, best hand. 1,500 metres flat. Relay Race, 400 metres. Teams of 4, each man to run 100 metres. Relay Race, 1,600 metres. Teams of 4, each man to run 400 metres. 50,000 metres Walking race.

Competitions tor Women: 100 metres flat. Hurdle race, 80 metres. 4X100 metres Relay. Running High Jump. Throwing the Dis-cus, best hand. Throwing the Javelin, best hand.

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THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME DAY BY DAY for the Field and Track events at' 'the Olympic Games in Berlin, 1936.

First day, Sunday, August 2nd. ,

10.30 A.M. 100 m: flat, first trials. 10.30 )} Running High Jump, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 1,85 m.) 11.30 )} Putting the shot, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 14,50 m.) 3.00 P.M. 100 m. flat, second trials. 3.00 )} Throwing the Javelin-Ladies, final. 3.00 » Running High Jump, final. 4.00 )} 800 m. flat, trials. 5.30 )} Putting the shot, final. 5.30 )} 10,000 m. flat, final. \

Second day, Monday, August 3rd. 10.30 A.M. 400 m. hurdles, first trials (if the number of competitors makes it necessary). 3.00 P.M. 400 m. hurdles, second trials. 3.00 )} Throwing the hammer, final. 3.30 )} 100 m. flat, semifinal. 4.00 )} 100 m. flat-Ladies, trials. 5.00 » 100 m. flat, final. 5.15 » 800 m. flat, semifinal. 5.30 )} 100 m. flat-Ladies, semifinal. 6.00 )} 3,000 m. Steeple-chase, trials. I

Third day, Tuesday, August 4th. 10.30 A.M. Running Broad Jump, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 7 m.) 10.30 )} Throwing the Discus-Ladies, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 36 m.)

10.30 A.M. 200 m. flat, first trials (if the number of competitors makes it necessary). 3.00 P.M. 400 m. hurdles, - semifinal. 3.15 » Throwing the Discus--Ladies, final. 3.30 » 200 m: flat, second trials. 4.00 » 100 ni. flat-Ladies, final. 4.30 » Running Broad Jump, final. 5.30 » 400 m. hurdles, final. 5.45 » 800 m. flat, final. 6.00 » 5,000 m. flat, trials.

Fourth day, Wednesday, August 5th. 10.30 A.M. 110 m. hurdles, first trials (if the number of competitors makes, it necessary). trials. (Qualifying 10.30 » Pole vault, standard 3,80 m.). 10.30 » Throwing the Discus, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 44 m.). 1] .30 » 1,500 m. flat, first trials (if more than 48 competi tors). 1.00 P.M. 50,000 m. Walk, start. 3.00 » 200 m. flat, semifinal. 3.00 » Throwing the Discus, final. 3.30 » 80 m. hurdles-Ladies, trials. 4.00 » Pole vault, final. 4.30 » 110 m. hurdles, second trials. 5.00 » 1,500 m. flat, second trials. 5.30 » 80 m. hurdles-Ladies, semifinal. 5.45 » 50,000 m. Walk, arrival. 6.00 » 200 m. flat, final.

Filth day, Thursday, August 6th. 10.30 A.M.400 m. flat, first trials (if the number of COI11petitors makes it necessary). 10.30 » Hop, step and jump, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 14 m.). 10.30 » Throwing the Javelin, qualification trials. (Qualifying standard 60 m.).

64 3.00 P.M. 110 m. hurdles, semifinal. 3.15 » 400 m. flat, second trials. 3.15 » Throwing the Javelin, final. 4.15 » 1,500 m. flat, linal. 4.30 » Hop, step and jump, final. 5.30 » 80 m. hurdles-Ladies, final. 5.45 » 110 m. hurdles, final.

Sixth day, Friday, August 7tlt. 10.00 A.M. Decathlon: 100 m. flat. 11.30 » Decathlon: Running Broad Jump. 3.00 r.M. 400 m. flat, semifinal. 3.00 » Decathlon: Putting the shot. 3.15 » 5,000 m. flat, final. 4.00 5.30 5.45

» » »

Decathlon: Running High Jump. 400 m. flat, final. Decathlon: 400 m. flat.

Seventlt day, Saturday, August 8th. 10.00 A.M. Decathlon: 110 m. hurdles. 11.00 » Decathlon: . Throwing the Discus. 3.00 P.M. Decathlon: Pole vault. '3.00 » 4X100 m. Relay, trials. 3.30 » 4X100 m. Relay-Ladies, trials. 4.00 » 3,000 m. Steeple-chase, final. 4.30 » Decathlon: Throwing the Javelin. 4.30 » 4X400 m. Relay, kials. 5.30 » Decathlon: 1,500 m. flat. » 4X100 m.Relay, semifinal.

Eightlt day, Sunday, August 9th. 3.00 P.M. Marathon, start. 3.00 » Running High Jump-Ladies, final. 3.15 » 4X100 m. Relay, final. 3.30 » 4X100 m. Relay-Ladies, final. 3.45 » 4X400 m. Relay, final. 4.30 5.30

» »

Demonstration. Marathon, arrival.

INDEX TO THE ATHLETIC RULES Amateur Status Announcements Announcers Application for World's Record Assistance Assistant Managers (0.0.) Assisting officials Athletic Oround (0.0.) Attempts, see Trials. Attendants Baton Broad jumps: Rules Take-off board Cage Chalk lines Circles Clerk of the Course Clothing Competition Corn peti tors : Courses Cross bar Cross-co un try (Men) » (Women) Crossing during races Dead heat Decathlon » ,scoring Direction of running Discus: Rules » Hellenic Style Implement (Men) » (Women) Circle Balbis

. . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . : : . : .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. :.. .. . . ..

Rule

Page

I, 2 _5, 6 26 16,46 23 14 6 55 1 5 3 53 23 14 71 44 32,33 19,20 57 36 63 39 41 24 35,6420,40 5 7 2, 19 6, 12 19 12 17 11 4i 24 55 34 49 29 49 40 41 25 24 14 53 31 53 32 41 2') 37 22 37 a 22 59 37 59 50 64 40 .. 65 40

66 Doctor boping Drawing for order in the competition Duties ·of officials Entries'·· " , Team race » (0.0.) (pit) . False starts )} » , Pentathlon )} » , Decathlon Finals Finish )} , judges Finishing order:

jumping Thro\\;ing Track Team race Pentathlon

Flags for marking throws Fouling Orips and weights " Hammer: Rules Implement CirCle ; Cage Heats and groups » » » , Pentathlon . » » » , Decathlon Heavy weight: Rules Implement Circle , High jumps: Rules (Men) )} (Women) Apparatus Hop, step and. jump

. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . .

Rule

Page

5,4')

5,21 7, D 2-16 5--11 11 17

47 '2

. 20

11 52

()

18 42

]\ ]2 12 "25

17 21 25 28 31

35 42

47 52

35,6821,41 3, 19 6, 12 28 17 40 24 62

18 52 53

11 31 31

39.

61 38 64 40 29,30 17,18 29,30 47

. 55 34

34 20

Rule

Page

liurdle races: Rules (Men) 43,44, 4S 25-27 » (Women) 43,4:1 48 Apparatus (Men) 70. 42 » (Women) 70')1 Implements ::....................... 27 1h,46 » specification 55-71 J1-44 J <l\'elin: Rules 36 21 Implement (Men) 58 37 }) (Women) 58 50 Judges: Field 6 7 Track 8 8 Walking 9 8 Tug-of-war 54 33 Jumping events in general (Men) 28 17 »» )} » (Women) 28 47 Jury (0.0.) If 2 52 Keeper of implements (0.0.) 7 56 41 24 Lanes , 46 27 ) , Relay races Lap Scorers . .. 1'3 10 Liaison officer (0.0.) 1 52 Loud Speaker 2 6 Manager 2 5 »

(0. G.)

Marathon Marshal .. Measurements » ,Jumps » , Track Medical certificate Moving of uprights Number of attempts, see Trials. Numbers Official implements Officials : '" » (0.0.) Olympic events, general rules

50 15

29 11 1 :3

:....... . . . . ..

29,32 17,20 41 24 50 29 29,31 18, 19 19 12 2716,46

5,45

54 1-11 52-57

68 Rule

Pentathlon' '" .. ); scoring . Pit .. Platforms (0. 0.) . Pole vault: Rules .. Implement . Apparatus .. Press Steward Programme, order of competitors' names .. Protests . Qualification for next round .. Qualification trials (0.0.) : .. Records .. Referee ; Referees (0.0.) . Refreshments .. Relay races . » );, baton . Scorers; Field '" Track . Lap .. Sector '" Sector flags . .. Shot: Rules Implement (Men) . » (Women) . Circle : .. Stop-board . . Stand for Judges at finish Standards .. Starter . Starting blocks . . Starting order Steep'le-chase . . Stop-board: Shot-putting Surveyor ; .. 0·

0 ••••••••••

0 •••••••••••

Page

52 53

30 31

3 31 56 55 16

54 18 36 34

25 14,45 18 12

26 15,46 3 6 8 56 23 14 46 27 71 44

7 12 13

8 10 10

3:S,67 21,41 68 41 38 23 60 38 60 51 64 40 66 41 69 42 55 34

11 11

21 13 48 28 38, 66 2'3, 41 14 10

Rule

rake-off board . Team race . Test of Watches (0.0.) .. Throwing even ts in general '(Men) . ); ););» (Women) .. Ties . ); , Temu race . » , Cross-country (Women) . Timekeepers '" '" . » (0.0.) .. TiIning . » , for Records .. » ,Pentathlon . » , Decathlon . Track and lanes . Trials . » number of attempts, Jumping ...... » » » » Throwing i) » ii » Pentathlon .. , I ); » » ii , Decathlon ... » , (0.0.) . Tug-of-war . '" . Umpires . Uprights . Use of implements: Vaulting pole . Throwing even ts . Vaulting pole , ,. '" .,. '" . Walking rules , . Watches, Tests > . \Y/ater-jump . Women officials .. World's Records (Men)! . ii » .(Women) .

Page

47 9

28 56

35 35

24 47

47 14 28

10 9 10 26 52 53 41

9 56 9 15

31 32

24 11 2817,47

3520,47 31 31 57 54 32

52 53 11

55 31

34 19 21

35 56 51

9 48 1 26

30 56 28 45 15 4.6