IAAF HandBook 1977-1978

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LA.A.F. Handbook 1977/8 (English) LA.A.F. Handbook 197718 (French)

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LA.A.F. PUBL ICAT IONS

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Designs for 400 m. Track and Field Terrain (4 designs) I Athletic arena lay-out; 2 Markin gs and Staggers; 3 Steeplechase courses; 4 Field events---constructional details

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I.A.A.F. Scoring Tables for Women's Track and Field Events.

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LA.A.F. Bulletin (4 copies per year in English and French) Subscription £1.50

Guidance for Walking Judges Metric Conversion Tables

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I Copies of the above publications can be obtaine d from the INTER NATlO NAL AMAT EUR ATHLETIC FEDERATlON 162 UPPER RICHM OND ROAD, PUTNE Y, LONDON, SWl5 2SL

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This Handbo ok is copyright and no part may be reproduced without the permission of the Council of the Internat ional Amateu r Athletic Federation

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED in /9/2

OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1977/78

President: Honorary Life President:

A.PAULEN THE MARQUESS OF EXETER

Honorary Life VicePresidents:

BOEKELUND D. T. P. PAIN D. J. FERRIS

Yice-Presidents:

L. KHOMENKOV J. C. DA COSTA M.DANZ L. DIACK

Honorary Treasurer:

F.W.HOLDER

General Secretary:

J. B. HOLT

Bureau Address:

162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SWI5 2SL. "Marathon," London, S.W.15.

01 (London) 789 3853

Cables: Telephone:

FOREWORD

CONTENTS Rules DIVISION I

(The Federation)

Foreword

3

_

The Federation History _ Council _ Committees _ Panel of International Walking Judges Veterans of the LA.A.F. List of Member Countries DIVISION

4 9

10

13 14 18

11 (Constitution) 1-17 51-54

Constitution of the LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status_ DIVISION

_ 101 Officials _ _ 111-127 Competition Rules (General) 141-1 50 III Running Events__ 161-168 171-174 IV Jumping Events __ 181-185 V Throwing Events_ 191-192 VI Walking Events _ 195 VII Pentathlon-Decathlon

56 56 65 83

106

120 141 143

IV

World Championships DIVISION

33 53

III (Technical Rules)

General Section I 11

DIVISION

Page

_

301-309

145

V (Statistics)

World Record Events 381 World Record Application Forms List of World Records (Men & Women) --.---; Olympic Games Records Medal Winners - World ChampIOnships (Olympic Games) Montreal TABLE OF CONTENTS

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148 149 153 156 158

160

In previous editions, general rules were in one section rules for individual events In another and specificatIOns for and apparatus in a third.

The opportunity has now been taken to these Technical Rules Will. find all the rules for any in such a way that competitors and particular event (conduct of competitIOn, Implements, apparatus) grouped logically together under one Rule.

In Montreal it was my privilege to say, on behalf of all Congress delegates, "Farewell" to our President, Lord Exeter, who, since 1946 had guided the LA.A.F. Council and Congress in its many activities. Under the active leadership of Lord Exeter, the Federation has grown from a modest to a worldwide organisation, whose activities are now mirrored in the many Championships and Games taking place in all continents. The unanimous acclaim given by Congress to Lord Exeter's election to Honorary Life-President was tangible proof of the universal sympathy with which the world of Athletics has held and always will hold him.

I am very aware of the great honour paid to me when I was elected to follow in his footsteps, and I thank the many friends from all over the world for their kind words and good wishes on that occasion.

My congratulations to the members of the newly elected Council and Committees, with whom I look forward to working in the coming four years. Four Council members with an honourable record of long time service to the cause of athletic sports, Dan Ferris (U.S.A.), Roger Dubief (France), Arthur Hodsdon (Australia) and Jacob Lindahl (Sweden), decided to step down, and S. Umrao Singh (India) did not stand again for Asian Representative. Dan Ferris was unanimously elected Life Vice-President.

The Constitutional Rules, including the Amateur Status Rules, were considerably changed in MontreaL One result is an enlarged Council of 19, an increase of 4 members. It is significant that all four reside outside Europe, as this promises much for the continued improvement of inter-continental relations within the family of the LA.A.F. This closer co-operation is particularly essential in the carrying out of our enlarged development programme, for which we now have a much higher budget.

The inaugural World Cup Competition to be held in Diisseldorf in September 1977 is an exciting an<;l challenging new venture, and its purposes are two-fold:-to stimulate inter-continental competition at the highest world level and to provide a source offunds for the development of athletics in all parts of the world. In this way, a Continent's participation in the World Cup will be seen to lead directly towards future improvements within the athletics life of that same Region.

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In the meantime, studies are under w.ay .the aim of 's own World ChampIonshIps m the years . the I A A F stagmg .... . after the 1980 Moscow OlympiC Games. . .

Although the Technical Rules were not altere.d in Montreal, nevertheless the Technical SectIOn of .thIS Handbook has a very different appearance from .the prevIous that edition. The Section has been completely re-edIted, one under the same Chapter heading all the Rules to particular event can be found. We are constantly present the World Rules for Athletics as clearly as pOSSIble, and layout will be found useful and I very much hope that this helpful to judges and competItors everywhere.. .

Together with the LA.A.F. Honorary Treasurer, Fredenck Holder, members of the Council, and the Bureau, led by General Secretary, John Holt, and Bureau Secretary, Mrs June I Fernandez, I look forward to serving you in the peno.d am sure that the continued dedication of our athletIcs fnends throughout the world will ensure the steady progress of the number one Olytppic Sport ADRIAAN PAULEN, London, President.

December, 1976

HISTORY Over 64 years ago, on July 7th, 1912, three days after the la.st athletics event of the Olympic Games, a was m Stockholm for the formation of an InternatIonal for Amateur Athletics. The following 17 Cou.ntnes represented at this h.istoric meeting:Austna, Belgium, Canada, ChIle, Denmark, Egypt, Fmland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Umted States. There was a? urgeI?-t need for Kingdom and the to the an international govermng body for AthletIcs the OlympIc Games. development of international contests A universal code of rules and regulatIOns and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of WorId and Olympic Records.

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Though this meeting in Stockholm was, strictly speaking, an exploratory one, records of the LA.A.F. regard it as the first Congress and subsequent Congresses up till the XXXth in Montreal in 1976 have been designated accordingly.

One year later in Berlin, Congress accepted the first Constitution and 34 Nations figured in the first Membership list. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sw'eden) was elected President and Kristian Hellstrom Honorary Secretary. The first Technical Rules for international competitions were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were urged to adopt similar rules for their domestic competitions.

In the inaugural list of World Records published in 1914, there were 53 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relay Racing, 30 for Walking and 12 for Field events, including the Decathlon. No records for Women existed at that time. From time to time, the list has been considerably altered and at the XXXth Congress in Montreal a fundamental change was made. From 1st January 1977, the only Imperial distances which will be accepted are the 1 Mile (Men and Women). There are now 23 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relays, plus 4 Walking events and 9 Field events, including the Decathlon. The Women's World Record List comprises 13 for Running, Hurdling and Relays and 6 for Field events, including the Pentathlon.

As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the LO.C., and the fourth Congress that year was held in Geneva immediately before the LO.C. Congress at the same venue.

By 1924, a separate International Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.L At the Paris Congress (1924) the I.A.A.F.supported the F.S.F.I. request for the inclusion of five Women's events in the Amsterdam Olympic Games-lOOm, 80Om, 4 x lOOm, High Jump and Discus.

In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first "slow-motion" apparatus for photo-finish judging, to eliminate the human factor from finish judging and timing. This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. From January 1977, for records up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by fully automatic electrical timing will be accepted.

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The award of the Veteran Pin was instituted in 1928, with 12 initial recipients. At the Amsterdam Congress also, the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Finally, the present definition for Walking- "Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained"-was accepted by the 1928 Congress.

In 1930, Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer-a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Avery Brundage. This was the body then responsible. for to SzI1ard keeping WorId Records, and this task fell Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsIble for the decision to stage the first European Championships (1934, Turin).

In 1946, the I.A.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (now the Marquess of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, when Donald Pain took over this responsibility, a position he held for 17 years.

The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next two decades and by the end of 1976 Member countries in affilation numberedl53.

Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and provide an incentive to all countries within the group, continued to develop. From their foundation in 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the I.A.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to provide for the setting up of Continental Area Association within the LA.A.F., and the European Athletic Association (E.A.A.) was formed soon afterwards, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 LA.A.F. Congress. The E.A.A.Council took over the work of the European Committee, and the expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior Championships, the European Cup and Combined Events Cup. The Statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association 6

(A.A.A.A.) were approved by the 1974 Conoress in Rome. The first Asian championships were held in in 1973.

Women's continues to produce ever-improving performances In ever greater depth. The 3000m and 400m Hurdles join the ranks of World Record events the latter to replace 200m Hurdles which has not proved popular.

The pomts table in use for the Women's Pentathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970, when new tables for the 1500m were provided, in addition to a revaluation of ex!stIng tables. A new edition of the 1962 Men's tables was also mtroduced in 1972, incorporating the intermediate tables to 1/1 OOth of a second.

Constitution adopted in 1968 was to . A maj?r change in In the CouncIl a representative of each of the six ContInental Areas, elected by the members in those Area Groups. This ensures truly worldwide representation in the Council, the size of which was increased in Montreal to 19 with the addition of 4 Vice-Presidents. Adriaan Paulen Lord Exeter as President, to become only the 3rd President in 64 years, Frederick Holder was re-elected Honorary Treasurer and the new Council appointed John Holt as General Secretary.

The Amateur Status Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and Rules 14 to 17 in the present Handbook are the result of considerable amendments approved by the Montreal Congress. Technical Aid activities continue and a in more ambitious development programme will be 1977. and 1978. The inaugural World Cup, in which all the contments are represented, will be staged in Diisseldorf in 1977. This new competition, linked with the ever IncreasIng athletic activity organised in all continents by I.A.A.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the LA.A.F. links itself and National Governing to bodIes, and to Increase the lIaIson between leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit o,f the Sport. .

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COUNCIL A. Paulen, President, l.A.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL, England.

L. Khomenkov, Senior Vice'-President, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G69, U.S.S.R. J. C. da Costa, Vice-President, Av. N. S. de Copacabana 380, Apto, 20.000 Rio de Janeiro, ZC-07-GB, Brazil.

M. Danz, Vice-President, Ochsenallee 1, 3500 Kassel, Germany.

L. Diack, Vice-President, Box 4018, Dakar, Senegal.

F. W. Holder, Honorary Treasurer, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL, England. *H. Agabani, P.O. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan. b. c. Cassell, clo The A.A.U. of the U.S.A., 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, U.S.A. P. Dasriaux, clo E.A.A. 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. *A. I. D. Francis, Box 8134 Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910, P.R. *P. C. Galvez, Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru. *c. H. Lee, 37-26 Sungbuk-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea.

A. Ljungqvist, Lillhagsvagen 4, S-180 10 Enebyberg, Sweden. *A. L. Morrison, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Vie. 3191, Australia.

C. Mukora, P.O. Box 30134 Nairobi, Kenya.

P. Nebiolo, Largo Re Umberto 102, Torino, Italy.

J. Sir, Kekgolyo u. 4., 1123 Budapest XII, Hungary. *A. Takac clo Mediterranean Games 1979 Organising Committee, Town Hall, Split, Yugoslavia, G. Wieczisk, clo Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R.

*Area Group Representative

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TECHNICAL COMMITTEE E. Rose, Chairman, cjo Dansk Idraets-Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20 DK 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.¡ H. M. Abrahams, 42 Orpington Road, London N2l 3PG, England.

L. Barra, Via Bagnoregio 3, 00100 Rome, Italy.

E. Bremicker, cjo DLV, 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Germany.

N. Dahlman, Alandsv. 39, SF 22100 Mariehamn, Finland.

P. Dasriaux, cjo E.A.A. 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.

L. Eldridge, 726 Chemin du Lac, Lery, Quebec, Canada.

R. Giegengack, 402A Yale Station, New Haven, Conn. 06520, U.S.A. J. Jackowski, Poznan, UI. Promienista 16A in. 6, Poland.

A. Jorbeck, Erik Sandbergsgatan 17, S-171 34 Solna, Sweden.

I. F. Kiplagat, P.O. Box 30556, Nairobi, Kenya.

M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

J. D. Pardivala, 22 Tardeo Apartments, 245 Tardeo Road, Bombay, India.

V. Rodichenko, cjo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R. E. Schober, cjo Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. E. Wante, Ankerstr. 79, 2700 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.

WOMEN'S COMMITTEE Miss M. Hartman, Chairman, cjo Women's A.A.A., 70 Brompton Road, London SW3 1EE, England.

Mrs. I. Bechthold, Cretzschmarstr, 15, 6 FrankfurtjM, Germany.

N. Carlius, S.T. Pedersgatan 11,25237 Helsingborg, Sweden.

Mrs. E. Gorchakova, cjo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R. I. Hume, R.R.1, Melbourne, Quebec, Canada.

F. Jutte, Thorbeckelaan 611, Den Haag, The Netherlands.

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Mrs. D. I. Magee, 26 French Street, Maroubra, N.S.W. 2035, Australia.

Mrs. M. Maleszewska, cjo Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, uI. Foksal19, Poland.

Mrs. L. Manoliu, cjo Federatia Romana de Atletism, Strada Vasile Conta, Nr. 16, Bucuresti, Romania.

Mrs. P. Rico, cjo The A.A.U. of the U.S.A., 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, U.S.A. Mrs. E. Strasser, Sandgasse 8, 4020, LinzjDonau, Austria.

CROSS COUNTRY COMMITTEE E. Declerck, Chairman, Residentie Floralia, Kortrijksesteenweg 263, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

J. Balu, cjo F.F.A., 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.

R. Dalgleish, 48 Oartons Road, Glasgow G21 3HY, Scotland.

O. Klappert, cjo DLV, 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Germany.

V. Maltopol, cjo Federatia Romina de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta No: 16, Bucuresti, Romania.

G. Mastropasqua, P 2a Baracca 1, Milano, Italy.

A. O. Melville, 8 Burn Street, Wellington, New Zealand.

R. Puignau, Zabaleta 54-7°, San Sebastian, Spain.

Aldo Scandurra, 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York, N.Y. 11740, U.S.A. E. Spillane, 178 Chemin d'Aire, 1219 Le Lignon, Geneva, Switzerland.

M. Wawrzykowski, Karlewicza 1/7 m.6, 02-501 Warszawa, Poland.

WALKING COMMITTEE P. Lassen Chairman, Biilowsvej 46, 3 DK-1870; Copenhagen V, Denmark.

G. Frister, cjo Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. A. Fruktov, cjo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. Skatertnyi per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R. 11

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F. Jenevein, Hotel Wilson, 10 Rue du Chateau, 92600 Asnieres, France.

W, Kirkor, ul. Zamenhofa 1/9,81-869 Sopot, Poland.

J. Kraemer, c/o DLV, 6100 Dannstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Germany.

P. Marlow, c/o Race Walking Association, 112 Leonard Road, Beckenham, Kent, England.

N. Marrone, 5205 Robert Boul. St. Leonard, Montreal NIR IP8, Canada.

V. B. Sharp, 17 Telethon Avenue, Athelstone 5076, Australia.

J. Tigerman, 6823 North Hamilton, Chicago, Illinois 60645, U.S.A. G. Tosi, Via Guelfa 44, Firenze, Italy.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE

Dr. Max Danz, Chairman,Ochsenallee I, 3500 Kassel, Germany.

Dr. R. Andrivet, 1.N.S., 11 Ave du Tremblay, Paris 75012, France.

Prof. Dr. Waldemar Areno, Av, Copacabana 1434/501, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Prof. A. H. Beckett, c/o Chelsea College, University of London, Dept. of Pharmacy, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, England.

Dr. Anthony Daly, c/o A.A.U. of D.S.A., 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, U.S.A. Dr. Manfred Donike, 516 Diiren in der Miihlenau, 24 Koln, Germany.

Dr. Mohamed Gheita, 61 King Seoud Street, Manial El Rodah, Cairo, Egypt.

Dr. M. Hoppner, c/o Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDr, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Prof. Dr. Arne Ljungqvist, Lillhagsvagen 4, S-1801O Enebyberg, Sweden.

Dr. Virginia Mikhaylova, Bulgarian Athletic Federation, Sofia, boul. Tolboukhin 18, Bulgaria.

Dr. Pekka Peltokallio, c/o Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.

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Dr. J. Sowinski, c/o Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, U1. Foksal 19, Poland.

Dr. G. Worobiew, c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. Skatertny per. 4, Moscow G-69, U.S.S.R. PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES L. Favati France Australia C. Gherzi J. Chartier D. M. Keane.

W. Zanellini J. Dahm J. A. Larkin R. Garnier Japan P. S. McCavanagh F. Jenevein K. Narita J. S. MacDougall G.D.R. N. Tsuda V. B. Sharp G. Frister Mexico Belgium J. Kriiger E. C. Aleman N.Opsomer G. Rosenov P. C. Martinez .Bulgaria M. Weber A. M. de la Mora D. Marinov Germany G. Roldan V. Vladimirov H. Bemdt B. J. Yanev Netherlands R. Kruger Canada A. F. C. Toscani D. Pawlak A. Keay New Zealand A. A. Schnabel N. Marrone D. B. Chadderton G.B. & N.I. Cuba C. E. J. Cook W. F. Amer J. L. Garcia L. F. Gerrie W. Batson A. M. Martinez G. Harvie W. Bell J. D. Rodriguez R. Pilkington F. Clay Czechoslovakia Norway J. Hackwood F. Horsky P. Baarnass W. J. Harris V. Klempir A. Fuglum F. Jarvis B. Klir 1.

Guttulsrod S. Pryor F. Mikes H. Persson E. Staker H. Sulak B. Tindlund H. H. Whitlock J. Svoboda Panama Hungary Z. Trefny F. Aldereter P. Bacsalmasi F. Vohoril F. A. Rojas B. Fehervari Denmark Poland S. Lazlo P. Lassen W. Kirkor L. Majzik Egypt A. Markowski F. Simek W. S. A. Rahman R. Markowski L. Vaczi Finland J. Zerko Italy K. Heinamaa Rumania V. Carbone V. Kangaspunta I. Paraschivescu D. D'Ascola P. Tarkkanen 13

Singapore D. de Sousa Spain D. C. Husillos E. G. Marro Sweden S. Bjorklund R. Carlson H. Ekenmyr F. Eriksson R. Johansson A. Kallenheim J. Nilsson

B. Ohren A. Thureson C. Widen Switzerland R. Crausaz V. Daguet A. Libotte L. Marquis Trinidad & Tobago H. R. Lee E. A. Pierre U.S.S.R. A. Fruktov

A. Issurin N. Kalinin A. Mikhailov F. Rennel P. Stepanenko M. Tomilin U.S.A. W. H. Chisholm H. H. Laskau B. Macdonald M. B. Rosenstein C. R. Silcock J. B. Tigerman

VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. The Marquess of Exeter, (G.B. & N.I.).

Harold M. Abrahams, (G.B. & N.I.).

Hassan Agabani (Sudan).

Hanji Aoki (Japan).

Kinichi Asano (Japan).

Robert Atlasz (Israel).

Harold I. Austad (New Zealand).

Karl Beuermann (Germany).

Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia).

Nils Carlius (Sweden).

Raphael Cavero (Spain).

Emile Clemme (Belgium).

Joao C. da Costa (Brazil).

Max Danz (Germany).

Pierre Dasriaux (France).

Jack W. Davies (Canada).

Emiel Declerck (Belgium).

Lamine Diack (Senegal).

Roger Dubief (France).

Bo Ekelund (Sweden).

Daniel J. Ferris (U.S.A.).

E. Figuerola (Cuba).

Pedro Galvez (Peru).

Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.I.).

Abraham Green (Israel).

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Elected

1950 1948 1972 1968 1958 1966 1964 1970 1970 1976 1976 1952 1960 1962 1970 1964 1974 1976 1968 1946 1952 1974 1970 1970 1976

Elected Giovanni Guabello (Italy).

Miss Marea Hartman (G.B. & N.!.).

Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia).

Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & N.I.).

Hans Jaeger (Germany).

Axel Jorbeck (Sweden).

Frans Jutte (Netherlands).

Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.).

Vilem Kanturek (Czechoslovakia).

Hiromu Kasuga (Japan).

Uhro Kekkonen (Finland).

Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.).

Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia).

Palle Lassen (Denmark).

Stan. G. Leeder (New Zealand).

Jukka Lehtinen (Finland).

Armando Libotte (Switzerland).

Jacob Lindahl (Sweden).

Bo Lindman (Sweden).

Mrs. Doris Magee (Australia).

Henri Meley (France).

Joe Moerman (Netherlands).

Cesar Moreno (Mexico).

Charles Mukora (Kenya).

Dino Nai (Italy).

Primo Nebiolo (Italy).

Dimiter Nikolov (Bulgaria).

George Oberweger (Italy).

Mikio Oda (Japan).

Abraham Ordia (Nigeria).

Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.I.).

Jal Pardivala (India).

Adrian Paulen (Netherlands).

Lauri Pihkala (Finland).

Mme. Z. Romanova (U.S.S.R.).

Emanuel Rose (Denmark).

Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.).

Jean R. Seurin (France).

S. Umrao Singh (India).

Jozsef Sir (Hungary).

Pincus Sober (U.S.A.).

Kee Chung Sohn (Korea).

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1962 1972 1966 1972 1976 1968 1976 1956 1972 1966 1952 1964 1960 1976 1962 1972 1968 1966 1950 1972 1976 1974 1974 1976 1952 1974 1976 1960 1976 1974 1956 1962 1950 1928 1960 1972 1970 1950 1976 1962 1966 1968

Hans Stahl (Germany).

Peter Stepanenko (D.S.S.R.).

Hans Sulak (Czechoslovakia).

Artur Takac (Yugoslavia).

Olav Tendeland (Norway).

Todor Todorov (Bulgaria).

T. Tulikoura (Finland).

Armas Valste (Finland).

Hugh Weir (Australia).

Harold H. Whitlock (G.B. & N.I.).

Georg Wieczisk (G.D.R.).

Deceased H.M. King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden.

Sir Harry J. Barc1ay (G.B. & N.!.).

William M. Barnard (G.B. & N.!.).

Harold Berliner (D.S.A.).

Avery Brundage (D.S.A.).

Friedrich Burger (Germany).

J. R Chryssafis (Greece).

Ernest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.!.).

Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.!.).

Charles J. Dieges (D.S.A.).

Carl Diem (Germany).

J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden).

Leopold Englund (Sweden).

Tage Ericson (Sweden).

John Falchenberg (Norway).

C. Forys (Poland).

J. Genet (France).

Francis Guilleux (France).

Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden).

Edouard Hermes (Belgium).

Ernest J. H. Holt (G.B. & N.!.).

Murray Hulbert (D.S.A.).

Evan A. Hunter (South Africa).

Ludwig JaIl (Germany).

G. Jurgenson (France).

Gustavus T. Kirby (D.S.A.).

S. Kishi (Japan).

Hilding Kjellman (Sweden).

Joe B. MacCabe (D.S.A.).

16

Elected 1976 1968 1976 1962 1946 1974 1966 1976 1956 1966 1972 1934 1928 1928 1962 1946 1930 1930 1964 1958 1932 1930 1928 1928 1952 1946 1964 1928 1964 1930 1948 1946 1932 1946 1972 1948 1928 1932 1928 1928

E. S. Marks (Australia).

Paul Mericamp (France).

J. G. Merrick (Canada).

Justus W. Meyerhof (Germany).

Lauri Miettinen (Finland)..

F. A. Moran (Eire).

Naili Moran (Turkey).

Mogens Oppegaard (Norway).

Franz Reichel (France).

Karl Ritter voh Halt (Germany).

Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway).

F. W. Rubien (D.S.A.).

Johannes Runge (Germany).

G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.).

G. D. Sondi (India).

Szilard Stankovits (Hungary).

Pasquale Stassano (Italy).

Robert M. Thompson (D.S.A.).

Pierre Tonelli (France).

Hermann Wraschtil (Austria).

Bruno Zauli (Italy).

1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1948 1958 1950 1928 1960 1930 1932 1930 1930 1948 1928 1970 1928 1958 1928 1954

I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS AFRICA African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.).

President: L. Diack, P.O. Box 88, Dakar, Senegal.

Hon. Secretary: Papa Gallo Thiam, as above.

ASIA Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.).

President: C. H. Lee, 37-26 Sungbuk-Dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea.

Hon. Secretary! M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, Treasurer: Rep. of Singapore, District No.: 20.

EDROPE European Athletic Association (RA.A.).

President: A. A. Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, London N20 9DJ, England.

Hon. Secretary: P. Dasriaux, E.A.A., 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.

17

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-------

--

-

--------

..

Hon. Treasurer: J. Frauenlob, 110 cI:emin de la .

Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougenes, Geneva, Switzerland.

NORTH AMERICA .

Representative on LA.A.F. CouncIl A. I. D. Francis, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910, P.R. OCEANIA Oceania Regional Group.

Chairman: A. Lee Morrison, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Vie. 3191, Australia.

Hon. Secretary/ Osea Malamala, Nasinu Teachers' Treasurer: College, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji.

ARGENTINA (A) (1954) AUSTRALIA (AA) (1897) AUSTRIA (A) (1902) BAHAMAS (C) (1952)

SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo.

President: Vice Admiral P. J. Galvez, Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru.

BAHRAIN (D) {l974)

Details of the' Members, Officers and Committees of these Associations are in the I.A.A.F. Directory.

BANGLADESH (D) (1973)

LIST OF MEMBERS

The letters in parenthesis denote the grouping of the Member country (Rule 4), and the date the year of foundation.

AFGHANISTAN (C) (1930) ALBANIA (D) (1930) ALGERIA (B) (1963) ANTIGUA (D) (1960)

National Olympic Federation, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Cables: Olympic, Kabul.

Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme, Rruga, Abdi Toptani 3, Tirana, Albania.

Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 18 rue Abdelaziz Mouzaoui, RP. 573, Alger-Gare, Algeria.

Cables: FAA 573. Alger-Gare.

Antigua Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 747, St. John's, Antigua.

18

BARBADOS (C) (1947) BELGIUM (A) (1889)

BELIZE (D) (1956) BENIN (D) (formerly Dahomey) (1960) BERMUDA (D) (1946)

Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, Casilla de Correo 13Sucursal2, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 31 Abbott Street, Sal1dringham, Victoria 3191, Australia.

Osterreichischer LeichtathletikVerband, Vienna 1040, Prinz 12, Austria.

Cables: OLV Wien.

Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5517, Nassau, Bahamas.

Cables: "Amathletic" Nassau Bahrain Amateur Athletic Association, Manama, P.O. Box 5163, State of Bahrain.

Cables: Bahrain Athlit Bangladesh Amateur Athletic Federation, Dacca Stadium (1st Floor), Dacca-2, Bangladesh.

Cables: BAAF, Dacca Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, W.!.

Cables: Athletic Barbados.

Ligue Royal Beige d'Athletisme, Rue Montagne-aux-Herbes Potageres 65, Bte 16, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.

Cables: Belgathletic-Bruxelles.

Belize Amateur AtWetic Association, P.O. Box 937, Belize City, Belize, C.A. Cables: "Three A" Belize.

Federation d' Athletisme de Benin, RP. 197, Porto-Novo, Benin.

Bermuda Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 397, Devonshire 4, Bermuda.

19

Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Casilla 7864, La Paz, Bolivia.

Cables: Fedatletica La Paz. Botswana Amateur Athletic BOTSWANA (D) Association, clo Ministry of Health, (1972) Labour & Home Affairs, Private Bag 2, Gaborone, Botswana.

Cables: Home, Gaborone BRAZIL (A) Confedera<;ao Brasileira de (1914) Desportos, Rua da Alfandega 70, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Cables: Desportos, Rio de Janeiro.

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) (1972) British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 223, Road Town, Tortola, RV.I. BRUNEI (D) Brunei Amateur Athletic (1953) Association, P.O. Box 1330, Bandar Seri, Begawan, Brunei.

BULGARIA (AA) Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18, (1924) Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Cables: Besefese, Sofia.

BURMA (C) Burma Track and Field Federation, (1947) Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon, Burma.

BURUNDI (D) Federation d'Athletisme du (1960) .

Burundi, RP. 1810 a Bujumbura, Republique du Burundi.

Cables: c/o Foreign Affairs.

CAMEROONS (D) Federation Camerounaise (1959) d'Athletisme, RP. 353, Yaounde, Rep. Unie du Cameroun.

CANADA (AA) Canadian Track and Field (1889) Association, 355 River Road, Tower 'B' Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario (K1L 8C1), Canada.

Cables: Catfat (Ottawa).

CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE (D) (1962 Federation Centrafricaine d'Athletisme, RP. 573, Bangui, C.A.E. Cables: Fedath, BP 573 Bangui.

20 BOLIVIA (C) (1929)

CHILE (B) (1917)

Federacion Atletica de Chile, Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile.

Cables: Fedachi.

REPUBLIC OF CHINA (C) (1914) Republic of China Track & Field Association, 555 Chung-Hsiao E. Road, Section 4, Taipei, (105) Taiwan, Rep. of China.

Cables: "Trackfield" Taipei.

COLOMBIA (B) Federacion Colombiana de (1937) Atletismo Amateur, Calle 15 No: 13-82 Of. 401, Apartado Aereo No. 6024, Bogota, Colombia.

Cables: Fecodatle, Bogota.

CONGO (D) Federation Congolaise (1962) d'Ath1etisme, RP. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo.

COOK ISLANDS (D) Cook Islands Sports Association, (1962) P.O. Box 440, Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

COSTA RICA (D) Asociacion Costarricense de (1960) Atletismo, Apartado 5009, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A. CUBA (AA) Federacion Cubana de Atletismo, (1922) Hotel Habana Libre, L y 23, Vedado, Habana, Cuba.

Cables: Olimpicuba, Habana CZECHOSLOVAKIA (AA) (1897) Ceskoslovensky atleticky svaz, Na Poriti 12, 115 30 Praha, Czechoslovakia.

Cables: Sportsvaz Atletic-Praha.

DENMARK (A) Dansk Athletik Forbund, Idraettens (1907) Hus, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.

Cables: Dafathletik. .

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (D) (1953) Federacion Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Font-Bemard No: 6Los Prados 1, Santo Domingo, D.N., Republica Dominicana.

21

-

f'1··--:'I'·

Asociaci6n Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, p.a. Box No: 204, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Cables: Fedenador.

Egyptian Amateur Athletic EGYPT (A) Federation, 13, Kasr El Nil Street, (1910) Cairo, Egypt.

Cables: Olympiad-Cairo.

Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, EIRE (A) 69 Jones Road, Dublin 3, Eire.

(1937) Cables: Athletics, Dublin.

National Ethiopian Athletics ETHIOPIA (B) Federation, Haile Selassie I (1961) Stadium, P.O. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5.

Cables: NESCO, Addis Ababa.

Fiji Amateur Athletic Association, FIJI (D) G.P.O. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji.

(1949) Suomen Urheilulitto ry, Box 25202, FINLAND (AA) 25, Finland.

Helsinki (1906) Cables: Urheilulitto, Helsinki.

Federation Fran<;aise d'Athletisme, FRANCE (AA) 10, Rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, (1920) 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.

Cables: Fedathleti.

Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme GABON (D) RP. 4960, Libreville, Amateur, (1961) Republique Gabonaise.

The Gambia Amateur Athletic THE GAMBIA (D) Association, c/o P.O. Box 323, (1960 Banjul, The Gambia, W. Africa.

Cables: Athletics, The Gambia.

GERMAN DEMOtRATIC REPUBLIC (AA) (1950) Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Cables: Leichtathletik Berlin.

GERMANY (AA) Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband.

(1898 Reformed 1949) 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Germany.

Cables: Leichtathletik Darmstadt.

22

ECUADOR (D) (1925)

GHANA (B) (1944)

Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana, W. Africa.

Cables: Ghansport.

GIBRALTAR (D) Gibraltar Amateur Athletic (1954) Association, 10 Cornwall Lane, Gibraltar.

Cables: Athletics, Gibraltar.

GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND (AA) (1880) British Amateur Athletic Board, 70 Brompton Road, London, SW3 lEE. Cables: Athlete, London.

GREECE (AA) Association Hellenique d'Athletisme (1897) Amateur, (S.E.G.A.S.) 3, Genadiou St., Athens (142), Greece.

Cables: Segas, Athens.

GRENADA (D) (1924) GUATEMALA (D) (1945) GUINEA (D) (1959)

GUYANA (C) (1948) HAITI (D) (1969) HONDURAS (D) (1951)

Grenada Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association, P.O. Box 419, St. George's, Grenada, W.!.

Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de los Deportes, Guatemala City, Rep. de Guatemala, C.A. Cables: Fenatletismo, Guatemala.

Federation Guineenne d'Athletisme Amateur, Ministere de la Jeunesse, des Arts, et des Sports, RP. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee.

Cables: Guineathletisme, Conakry, Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, 52 Anira Street, Queenstown, Georgetown, Guyana.

Commission Nationale d'Athletisme, Bureau des Sports, 27-Cite de l'Exposition, Port-auPrince, Haiti.

Federaci6n NacionaI Deportiva Extraescolar de Honduras, Apartado Postal 331, Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras, CA. 23

HONG KONG (D) (1951) HUNGAR Y (AA) (1897)

ICELAND (B) (1947) INDIA (AA) (1946) INDONESIA (C) (1950) IRAN (B) (1936) IRAQ (D) (1957)

ISRAEL (B) (1931) ITALY (AA) (1906) IVORY COAST (C) (1960) JAMAICA (A) (1932

Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Assoc., G.P.O. Box 280. Hong K0ng.

Magyar Atletikai Szovetseg, 1143 Budapest. D6zsa Gyorgy Utca 1-3 Hungary.

Cables: Masz-Budapest.

Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Cables: "Iceathletic".

Amateur Athletic Federation of India, clo Col. Kirpal Singh, Army Headquarters, Saina Bhavan, New Delhi 11001, India.

Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia, Flat A.L. No: 14, jl. Danau Poso, Pejompongan, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Amateur Athletic Federation of Iran, Sports Federations Joint Bureau, P.O. Box 11-1642 Tehran, Iran.

Cables: Sportsiran.

Iraq Amateur Athletic Federation, Youth Centre of Kadhimin Baghdad, Iraq.

Cables: IROC. Sports Federation of Israel, (S.F.!.), P.O. Box 4575, 4 Marmorek St., Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Cables: Sportisfed, Israel.

Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, viale Tiziano 70, 00100 Rome, Italy.

Cables: Fidalroma.

Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme, Boulevard Lagunaire, RP. 2844, Abidjan. Cote d'Ivoire.

Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W. Indies.

Cables: Jamathletic, Jamaica.

24

JAPAN (AA) (1925) JORDAN (D) (1961) KENYA (AA) (1951) KHMER (D) (1936) KOREA (A) (1945)

D.P.R. KOREA (C) (1955)

KUWAIT (B) (1957)

LAOS (D) (1958) LEBANON (C) (1945) LESaTHa (D) (1931)

Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150,Japan.

Cables: Zennihon, Tokyo.

The Jordanian Amateur Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 413, Amman, Jordan.

Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 46722, Nairobi, Kenya.

Cables: Athletics, Nairobi.

Federation Khmere d'Athletisme Amateur, Complexe Sportif National, Phnom-Penh, Republique Khmere.

Cables: Fedathletisme.

Korean Amateur Athletic Federation, 19 Mookyo-Dong, Choong-Ku, Seoul, p.a. Box 566, K.W.M., Seoul, Korea.

Cables: Yuksang, Seoul.

Amateur Athletic Association of The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsin-Dong 2, Kongdaiwon District, Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea.

Cables: D.P.R.K. Athletic.

Kuwait Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 5499, Khlid Ben-Alwaleed Str, AI-Kazmi Building, 2nd Floor, Flat No: 2, Kuwait.

Cables: Athletic, Kuwait.

Federation d'Athletisme du Laos, clo Direction Generale de la Jeunesse et des Sports RP. 268 Vientiane, Laos.

Federation Libanaise d'Athletisme, p.a. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Liban.

Cables: Katorikan-Beyrut.

Lesotho Sports Council, p.a. Box 138, Maseru, Lesotho.

Cables: Lipapali, Maseru.

25

Liberia Track and Field Federation, Broad Street, P.O. Box 2273, (1955) Monrovia, Liberia, W. Africa.

Cables: Libtraff.

LIBYA (C) Libyan Amateur Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 879, Tripoli, (1962) Libya.

Cables: Libyolympic Athletic.

LIECHTENSTEIN (D) Liechtensteiner Turn-und (1936) Leichtathletikverband, FL-9496 Balzers, Lowal 522, Liechtenstein.

Cables: FI Turnverband Balzers.

LUXEMBOURG (B) Federation Luxembourgeoise (1928) d'Athletisme, RP. 43 Dudelange, Luxembourg.

Cables: Athletic, Luxembourg.

MADAGASCAR (C) Federation Malgache d'Athletisme, (1962) RP. 717, Tananarive, Madagascar.

MALAWI (D) Amateur Athletic Association of (1967) Malawi, p.a. Box 1079, Blantyre, Malawi.

Cables: Athletics, Malawi.

MALAYSIA (B) Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union, (1906, Reformed 1963) Stadium Merdeka, P.O. Box 957, Kuala Lumpur 05-06, Malaysia.

MALI (C) Federation Malienne d'Athletisme, (1960) RP. No. 595, CCP. 1216, Bamako, Republique du Mali.

Cables: Fedathletisme Bamako.

MALTA (D) Malta Amateur Athletic (1928) Association, 152/3 Old Mint Street, Valletta, Malta, G.C Cables: Athlete, Malta.

MAURITANIA (D) Federation d'Athletisme de la (1962) Republique Islamique de Mauritanie, RP. 178 Nouakchott, R.I.M. MAURITIUS (D) Mauritius Sports Association, (1952) 8 Felicien Mallefille St., Port Louis, Mauritius.

Cables: M.S.A. Mauritius.

LIBERIA (C)

26

Federaci6n Mexicana de Atletismo, Plaza de la Republica No: 43, 3rd Floor, Mexico City 1, Mexico D.F. Cables: Depormex.

The Athletic Federation of the MONGOLIA (D) Mongolian People's Republic, Baga (1960) Toirog 55, Ulan Bator, Mongolian People's Republic.

Cables: Mongolsport.

MONTSERRAT (D) Montserrat Amateur Athletic (1971) Association, p.a. Box 247, Plymouth, Montserrat, West Indies.

Federation Royale Marocaine MOROCCO (B) 6 Rue Guebbas, (1957) Rabat, Morocco.

Cables: Federmat.

Nauru Amateur Athletic NAURU(D) Association, Box 33, Post Office, (1967) Nauru, Central Pacific.

Amateur Athletic Association of NEPAL (D) Nepal, National Sports Council, (1948) Dashrath Rangashala, Tripureshwar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Cables: Khelkud.

NETHERLANDS (A) Koninklijke Nederlandsche (1901) Athletiek-Unie, (K.N.A.U.) Nachtegaalstraat 67, p.a. Box 14444, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Cables: K.N.A.U. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (D) (1934, Reformed 1962) Nederlands Antilliaanse Athletiek Unie, c/o H. Prince. Santa Rosaweg 22, Willemstad, Curacao, N .A. Cables: N.A.A.U. NEW HEBRIDES (D) New Hebrides Amateur Athletic (1965) Association, c/o British Residency, PortVila, New Hebrides, Pacific Islands.

NEW ZEALAND (AA) New Zealand Amateur Athletic (1887) Association (Inc.), P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand.

Cables: Amathletic, Wellington. '.

27

MEXICO (A) (1933)

--

Federaci6n Nicaraguense de Atletismo, P.O. Box 5473, Managua, D.N. Nicaragua, C.A. NIGER (D) Federation Nigerienne (1961) d'Athletisme, RP. 215, Niamey, Niger.

NIGERIA (A) Amateur Athletic Association of (1944) Nigeria, P.O. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, W.A. Cables: Athletics, Lagos.

NORWAY (AA) Norges Fri-idrettsforbund, Hauger (1896) Skolevei I, 1346 Gjettum, Norway.

Cables: Fri-Idrett.

PAKISTAN (A) Pakistan Amateur Athletic (1947) Federation, clo Sqn. Ldr. Shareef Ahmad Khan, 10 Infantry Rd., Lahore 15, Pakistan.

PANAMA (B) Federaci6n Panamefia de Atletismo, (1945) Box 6137, Panama Zone 2, Republic of Panama.

Cables: Fepat.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA (C) 1961 Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 991, Madang, Papua New Guinea.

PARAGUAY (D) Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, (1947) Palma 591, Asunci6n, Paraguay.

PERU (B) Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, (1918) Casilla No. 2732, 1 Lima, Peru, S.A. Cables: "Atleperu".

PHILIPPINES (B) Philippines Amateur Track and (1961) Field Association, Rizal Memorial Field, M. Adriatico St. Manila, Philippines.

Cables: "Patafa" Philippines.

POLAND (AA) Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, (1919) 00-372 Warszawa, ul. Foksal 19, Poland.

Cables: Pezla Warszawa.

PORTUGAL (B) Federa<yao Portuguesa de Atletismo, (1921) Rua Arco do Cego 90 5°E, Lisboa 1, Portugal.

28 NICARAGUA (1964)

(D)

PUERTO RICO (B) (1947)

Puerto Rico Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 800, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936.

Cables: p.a. Box 8, San Juan, P.R00902 QATAR (D) Qatar Athletic Association, (1963) P.O. Box 2511, Doha, Qatar.

Cables: Ryatshabab.

Rhodesia Amateur Athletic Union, RHODESIA (C) p.a. Box 8316, Causeway, (1901) Salisbury, Rhodesia.

Cables: Athlete Causeway.

RUMANIA (AA) Federatia Romina de Atletism, (1912) Str. Vasile Conta Nr. 16, Bucharest, Rumania.

Cables: Sportrom.

Federation Rwandaise des Sports, RWANDA(D) (1973) RP. 1044 Kigali, Rwanda.

Cables: Mijeunesse 5811.

SAINT VINCENT (D) Saint Vincent Amateur Athletic (1955) Association, p.a. Box 422, Kingstown, St. Vincent, West Indies.

EL SALVADOR (D) Federaci6n Salvadorena de (1943) Atletismo, Gimnasio Nacional, Edificio San CarIos 6°-Piso., Apartado Postal No: 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A. Cables: "Colimpico".

SAN MARINO (D) Federazione Sammarinese di (1969) Atletica Leggera, Palazzo del Turismo, 47031 Repubblica di San Marino.

SAUDI ARABIA (C) Saudi Arabia Amateur AtWetic (1963) Association, P.O. Box 5802, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

SENEGAL (D) Federation Senegalaise (1960) d'Athletisme, RP. 1737, Dakar.

Republique de Senegal. .

SIERRA LEONE (D) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic (1951) Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Cables: Sports Freetown.

29

SINGAPORE (D) (1934) SOMALIA (D) (1959) SPAIN (A) (1918) SRI LANKA (C) (1922) SUDAN (C) (1959) SURINAME (D) (1955) SWAZILAND (D) (1969) SWEDEN (AA) (1895) SWITZERLAND (A) (1905) SYRIA (C) (1949) TANZANIA (B) (1954) TCHAD (D) (1963)

Singapore Amateur Athletic Association, Newton, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11.

Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 523, Mogadiscio, Somalia.

Cables: Mislabsport.

Real Federaci6n Espanola de Atletismo. Calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain.

Cables: Fedatleti, Madrid.

Amateur Athletic Association of Sri Lanka, 33/4 Off Station Road Dehiwala, Sri Lanka. ' Sudan Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 2655, Khartoum, Sudan.

De Surinaamsche Atletiek Bond, P.O. Box 1758, Paramaribo Suriname. ' Cables: Suratletic Paramaribo.

Swaziland Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa.

Svenska Fri-IdrottsfOrbundet, Sofiatornet, Stadion S 11433, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cables: Friidrott, Stockholm.

Schweizerischer LeichtathletikVerband, Case Postale 2233, CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland.

Cables: Swissathletic, Berne.

Syrian Amateur Athletic Federation, Box 421, Damascus, Syria.

Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2172, Dar-esSalaam, Tanzania, E. Africa.

Cables: Utamaduni.

Comite Tchadien du Sport Amateur, clo Secretaire d'Etat cl 30

I'Education Nationale, et aux Sports, B.P. 743 N'djamona, Tchad.

THAILAND (C) Amateur Athletic Association of (1948) Thailand, clo Lt. Col. C. Arirachkaran, Army Officers' Club, Sriayudhya Road, Bangkok, Thailand.

TOGO (D) Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, (1963) RP. 2299, Lome, Togo.

Tonga Amateur Athletic TONGA(D) Association, P.O. Box 450, (1962) Nukualofa, Tonga.

Cables: Athletic Association, Tonga.

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (B) .

(1945) National Amateur AthletIC (Reformed 1970) Association of Trinidad & Tobag?, 16 St. Vincent Street, Port-of-Spam, Trinidad, West Indies.

TUNISIA (B) Federation Tunisienne (1957) d'Athletisme, 13 rue de Cologne, Tunis, Tunisia.

Cables: Tunisie, Athletisme.

TURKEY (A) Tiirkiye Amator Atletizm (1922) Federasyonu, Ulus iยง Ham A Blok Kat: 5, Ankara, Turkey.

Cables: Atletizmspor Ankara.

UGANDA (B) Uganda Amateur Athletic (1925) Association. P.O. Box 20077, Kampala, Uganda.

Cables: UAAA Lugogo Stadium UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (AA) (1945) Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Moscow G-69, Skatertny per 4, U.S.S.R. Cables: Sportkomitet SSSR, Moscow.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (D) (1976) U.A.E. Athletics Association, Abu Dhabi, Sports Associations, P.O. Box 847, U.A.E. 31

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (AA) Amateur Athletic Union of the United States of America, (Inc.) House, 3400 West 86th St., IndIanapolis, Indiana, 46268, U.S.A. Cables: Amathletic, Indianapolis.

UPPER VOLTA (D) Federation Voltaique d'Athletisme (1961) ' B.P. 772, Ouagadougou Republique du Haute URUGUAY (B) Confederaci6n Atletica del (1918) Uruguay, Canelones 982 Montevideo, Uruguay. ' Cables: Atletica.

VENEZUELA (A) Federaci6n Venezolana de (1948) Atletismo, Instituto Nacional de Deportes la Vega, Caracas, Venezuela.

Cables: Colimpico.

VIETNAM (D) Vietnam Amateur Athletic (1951) Federation, No: 33 Hong Thap Tu Saigon, Vietnam. ' Cables: FAVN, Saigon.

VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) Virgin Islands Track and Field (1963) Federation, P.O. Box 1730 St. Thomas, Virgin Islands: 00801.

Cables: Vitrack, St. Thomas.

WESTERN SAMOA (D) (1962) Western Samoa Amateur Sports (Inc.), P.O. Box 1176, ApIa, Western Samoa.

YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Y ougoslave (1921) d'Athletisme, 11000 Belgrade, Str. Bana 73a, Yugoslavia.

Cables: ASAJ, Belgrade.

ZAIRE (D) Federation Zalroise d'Athletisme (1949, Reformed 1963) RP. 1..527, Kinshasa 1, de ZaIre. Cables: Direction Generale des Sports.

ZAMBIA (C) Zambia Amateur Athletic (1949, Reformed 1964) Association, P.O. Box 200 Luanshya, Zambia. '

DIVISION II

(1888)

32

I.A.A.F. CONSTITUTION (RULES 1-17,51-54)

RULE 1 Definitions Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running.

I.A.A.F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation.

Member: Any National Governing Body affiliated to the LA.A.F. I.O.e.: International Olympic Committee.

International Athletic Meetings: (a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games, (open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region). (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part.

NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine, and the singular shall include the plural.

33

RULE 4

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation

The I.A.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. A Bureau shall be established in London to carry out the administration of the LA.A.F. in accordance with the decisions of Congress and Council. The location may be changed only with the approval of Congress.

RULE 3 Objects

The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world.

2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics, and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimination.

3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds.

4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics.

5.-To ensure that all contests between Members including Area and Group Championships or Games shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies.

7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members, if called upon to do so.

8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions, and, as delegated by the I.O.C., to the technical arrangements. supervise and control 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment ofWorld and Olympic records, and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised.

RULES 2-3 34

Membership

1 -The National Governing

for

in

any· country be Only one em er b h 11 be recognised by the LA.A.F. s for all amateur athletics in affiliated, and s.uch Mem as the only natIOnal such ternrtoMry . b shall be limited to the political The JunsdIctIOn.o em ers boundaries of the country or territory they of the 2.-Application for together be and O!lthe to elect to IW Ipending confirmation at the next submItted to .the memembershlp provlSlona 1y, Congress meeting. d :r.-Membershil? shall be new Member admItted to the de·cide The following groupmg up as the Congress m a y · . remain until altered by a subsequent Congress.GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) New Zealand Germany Australia Norway Gt. Britain & Bulgaria Poland N. Ireland Canada Rumania Greece Cuba Sweden Hungary Czechoslovakia U.S.S.R. India Finland U.S.A. France . Italy Yugoslavia German DemocratIC Japan Kenya Republic

Argentina Austria Belgium Brazil Denmark Egypt

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Eire Jamaica Korea Mexico Netherlands Nigeria 35

Pakistan Spain Switzerland Turkey Venezuela RULE 4

Algeria Chile Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland Iran

GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Israel Kuwait Luxembourg Malaysia Morocco Panama Peru

Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Tanzania Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Uganda Uruguay

Afghanistan Bahamas Barbados Bolivia Burma Guyana Indonesia Ivory Coast

GROUP "C" (2 Votes) D.P.R. Korea Lebanon Liberia Libya Madagascar Mali Papua New Guinea Republic of China

Rhodesia Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Sudan Syria Thailand Zambia

GROUP "D" (1 Vote) Fiji Albania Antigua Gabon Gambia Bahrain Bangladesh Gibraltar Belize Grenada Benin Guatemala Bermuda Guinea Botswana HaIti British Virgin Islands Honduras Brunei Hong Kong Burundi Iraq Cameroons Jordan Central African Khmer Empire Laos Congo Lesotho Cook Islands Liechtenstein Costa Rica Malawi Dominican Republic Malta Ecuador Mauritania 36

Mauritius Mongolia Montserrat Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Hebrides Nicaragua Niger Paraguay Qatar Rwanda St. Vincent El Salvador San Marino Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore

Somalia Surinam Swaziland Tchad

Viet-Nam Togo Virgin Islands Tonga United Arab Emirates Western Samoa ZaIre Upper Volta

4.The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid in advance on 1st January in accordance with the following scale:Group "AA" £100 Group "A" £60 Group "B" £30 Group "C" £10 Group "D" £5 Any member whose subscription is unpaid on the 31st DECEMBER shall be liable to be struck off the list of Members or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of the Member , he represents or belongs to is more than twelve months in arrears.

Members shall not be permitted to organise or to take part in Area or Group Championships or Games if their subscriptions are in arrears.

5.-For the purpose of electing the LA.A.F. Council in accordance with Rule 6 (1), or any area Committee, Members are divided into the following Continental Areas:Algeria Benin Botswana Burundi Cameroons Central African Empire Congo Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea

AFRICA (41) Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Niger Nigeria Rhodesia 37

Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia ZaIre

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (25) Antigua Dominican Republic Nicaragua Grenada Panama Bahamas Barbados Guatemala Puerto Rico Belize Haiti St. Vincent Bermuda British Virgin Islands Canada JamaIca Tnmdad & Tobago Costa Rica Mexico D.S.A. Cuba Montserrat Virgin Islands

38

SOUTH AMERICA (13) Ecuador Guyana Netherlands Antilles Paraguay

Peru Surinam Uruguay Venezuela

RULE 5 Council I.-The Council shall consist of 19 members as under:(a) President (b) 4 Vice-Presidents (c) Honorary Treasurer - (d) One Representative from each of the following six Area Groups:Africa North and Central America Asia Oceania Europe South America (e) Seven members elected as individuals. (j) Not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country.

2.-All nominations for the Council shall be sent to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than 3 calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place.

Nominations can be made only by Members, and, in the case of an Area Group Representative, only by Members in that respective Group.

If, at the time of an election, there are fewer candidates than there are vacancies, the President of the meeting may invite Members present to submit additional nominations.

3.-(a) All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means of secret ballots. Elections shall require an absolute majority of the votes cast on the first round and a simple majority on the second round. (Absolute majority equals half the votes cast plus one). (b) Any unsuccessful candidate for any position may, if also so nominated, be included in a subsequent ballot for any other position.

RULE 5 39

---- ----

__________ - - - - - - -

4.-The elections shall be held in the following order:(i) President: (ii) Four Vice-Presidents: All ballot papers to be valid must register votes for four candidates, no more and no less.

If there are 3 or 4 successful candidates from the same Area Group, then only the 2 with the most votes shall be declared elected, and in the next ballot, only candidates from the other Area Groups may participate.

At its first meeting, the Council shall nominate one of the as Yice-President for the purpose of presIdIng over the CouncIl In the absence of the President. (iii) Honorary Treasurer: (iv) Area Group Representatives: A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group and only those Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (v) Individual Members: All ballot papers to be valid must register votes for seven candidates, no more and no less.

4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter.

5.-The President and all other members ofthe Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. The Council which is elected at a Congress coinciding with the Olympic Games will not take office until after the Games.

6.-If, during the first two years of the term of office, a vacancy arises in the Council, for an individual member a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the period.

If, at any time, a position as Area Group Representative becomes vacant, through resignation or otherwise, the Bureau shall, after consultation with the Area Association concerned, arrange for a ballot to be held within 3 months to elect a Representative to hold office until the next Congress.

7.-ln the absence of the President, the Senior VicePresident shall preside over meetings of the Council.

8.-The President and each other member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote.

9.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the LA.A.F. 40

(b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report together

sheets with audited statements of accounts and for the preceding period, and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To examine any proposals from members or Comwhich are to be discussed at Congress, and to submIt such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to .Congress any other proposals they may deem desIrable. (d) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules.

Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (e) To summon Special to deal with any special case of great Importance requmng an urgent decision. (j) To .decide any dispute that may arise between Members WhICh may be referred to it by any of such Members. (g) To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. (h) To exercise the powers of Suspension and Reinstatement as set out in Rule 11. (i) To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Council.

U) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (k) To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (l) To appoint Technical Delegates for the Olympic Games and World Cup Competitions, and the official LA.A.F. at Area or Group Games or Chamor.

Matches. This representatIve shall, If possIble, be from the Council and shall ensure that LA.A.F. Rules are observed. (m) To appoint the General Secretary, who should attend all meetings of the Council and of LA.A.F. Committees.

The General Secretary shall be remunerated and shall not be entitled to vote. The General Secretary shall be for the engagement of staff for the Bureau, WIth the approval of the President and Honorary Treasurer.

The Council may also appoint such honorary assistants as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. 41

-------- ---------------

_ . - -

T

\

(n) To promote a Development programme for the benefit

of Members requiring assistance in the training of coaches, judges etc.

(0) To nominate one or more Vice-Presidents or members of the Council to undertake special responsibility for the supervision of the Development Programme, or to perform any other special duties subject to the overall control of the Council.

(P) To appoint members of the Medical Committee, on the recommendation of the existing members of the Committee. (q) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature.

RULE 6 President, Vice-Presidents and Honorary Treasurer I.-The President shall preside at all of Congress and Council and shall be an ex-officio member of all Committees.

2.-ln the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the Council may delegate to the President and Honorary Treasurer power to act in a case of urgency in financial matters, provided that the Council is advised at the earliest opportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Treasurer shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred.

3.-The Vice-Presidents shall occupy honorary positions, and have equal rights with other members of the Council (other than the President) except that the Senior Vice-President shall preside over meetings of the Council"in the absence of the President.

RULE 7 Congresses I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of the Council, the Honorary Life-President, the Honorary Life VicePresidents and not more than three delegates from each Member.

42 RULES 6-7

2.-.A Member be represented only by its delegates.

Notice of the appomtment of delegates, certified in writing by they represent, must be lodged with the General the Secretary pnor to the commencement of the Congress Meeting.

A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he represents and shall not have competed as a professional; nor shall he have acted as a professional coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for at least one year. A delegate shall represent only one Mern,ber. Council members do not have the right to represent their own country during the Congress. . 3.-Members included in Group"AA" shall be entitled to eIght votes each; those in Group "A" to six votes each' those in Group "B" to four votes each; those in Group to two votes each, and those in Group "D" to one vote each (See Rule 4 (3)for Groups of Membership).

Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member. .delegation shall be provided with an official card, bearmg the nur:zber ofvotes to which that delegation IS enmled. Unless a ballot IS calledfor, voting shall be conducted by show of voting cards.

4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress.

5.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting.

6.-A Specia} Congress may be called by the Council, and sha!l if not less than one-third of the Members give notice m to the General Secretary stating they desire such a meetmg and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the General Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months. . 7.-The Presiden.t sha!l at all Congress meetings. In the Semor Vice-PreSident shall preside. his Scrutmeers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress. ' 8.-0nl)' Congress shall have power to approve or alter any constitutiOnal rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the votes cast and such two-thirds must also represent at least one half of the total voting power of the LA.A.F. 43

..,..

"

9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a of four years unless otherwise by the Committees: Technical CommIttee, Women s CommIttee, Walking Committee, Cross Country Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary.

The number of members of such committees and the functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be in accordance with Rule 8.

All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the three General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later months prior to the date of Congress at whIch such electIOns will be made.

1O.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Cor:federations or Committees may be formed for each of the SIX Groups listed under Rule 4 (5). In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of all elections notified to the General Secretary. Each of such Associations Confederations or Committees shall draw up its to its constitution and powers (which shall in own rules all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflict with any LA.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitted to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Regional Associations, Confederations or Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years.

11.-In recognition of valued services given to t.he Congress shall be entitled to elect an Honorary LIfe-PresIdent and not more than three Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, without voting power.

RULE 8 Committees All Committees shall meet when summoned by the General Secretary and their recommendations shall be reported to Congress. Individual members must come from different countries. (a) Technical Committee. -The Technical Committee, to whom all questions concerning competition rules shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals.

Cb) Women's Committee. -The Women's Committee, to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shall be RULES 44

referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (c) Walking Committee. -The Walking Committee, to whom all questions concerning Walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. (d) Cross Country Committee. -The Cross Country Committee, to whom all questions concerning cross country shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals. various countries. (e) Medical Committee. -The Medical Committee to whom all questions of a medical nature concerning athletics shall be referred shall consist of a Chairman and up to 12 individuals, to include as far as possible at least one representative from every Continent.

RULE 9 Languages At all Congress Meetings each Member may speak in his own language. Simultaneous translations must be made in German, Russian and Spanish, in addition to English and French. Simultaneous translation may be made from and into any additional language required, if possible, and if the cost of this can be met by or on behalf of the Member requesting the additional language.

The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide.

In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted.

RULE 10 Alterations to Rules I.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alterations or additions to the constitutional rules of the LA.A.F. may be made only by a Member or by the Council and must reach the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. at least six calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. The proposals shall be sent to Members at least four calendar months before such Congress. No proposals shall be considered by Congress without the notice specified herein.

45 RULES 9-10

-.

2.-Technical rules. Proposals to amend the technical rules, may be made only by a Member, by the Council, members of the Council or by members of permanent commIttees, must .be sent to the General Secretary of the I.A.A.F. so as to reach hIm they are be at least six months prior to the Congress at considered. He shall submit them to the appropnate comffilttee for advice and recommendations.

3.-Alterations to the technical rules will normally only be of the considered by Congress every four years, a.t the Olympic Games, and will not become effective until after the Games. .A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before the Congress held at the time of the Olympic Games.

Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at the next Congress, even if they reach the General Secretary later than 6 months prior to. Congress.

4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 5, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously.

RULE 11 Suspensions and Reinstatement I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member or athlete international competition for so long as shall be stated m Its decision.

Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or Congress must notify the Member or atWete (through the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity to the Member or athlete of being heard.

2.-0n the application of any Member, the Council may of the reinstate any atWete who by reason of any I.A.A.F. Rules has become ineligible to take part III competition under LA.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the General Secretary of the RULE 11 46

LA.A.F. by the Member responsible for the athlete concerned.

Such application shall give in detail the circumstances leading to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for reinstatement.

RULE 12 International Meetings-Competitors Competing Abroad-Qualifications of Competitors I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. must apply:(a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games, open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region. (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part.

2.-All International Meetings or any meetings in which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member.

Before sanctioning any International Meetings under 1 (e) above Members must obtain from the promoter an undertaking in writing:(a) that all LA.A.F. Rules and Regulations will be observed; (b) that in particular, the Rules relating to expenses will be strictly followed; (c) that all prizes will be of a lasting nature, intended for the athlete himself, and shall not exceed the value of V.S. $100 (or its equivalent in other currencies); (d) that an account of all such expenses paid will be forwarded within 30 days to the Member sanctioning such a meeting, if requested by that Member.

3.-No athlete or club may take part in an athletic meeting without the written approval of his governing body, and no Member shall allow any foreign athlete to enter any competition without such permit certifying that he is an amateur and permitted to compete in the country copcerned.

47

RULE 12

4.-In approving the participation of an athlete at an athletic meeting in a foreign country, the Member should specify:(a) The number of days for which the atWete, any manager or coach is permitted to receive the daily allowance for out of pocket expenses under Rule 14 (2). (b) Any other amounts which may be paid direct to the athlete, manager or coach for transport, travel, insurance, meals or lodging. (c) That a full statement as to all payments made to the athlete, manager, or coach will be forwarded without delay to the Member.

5.-Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in international meetings as above defined) shall, in respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country.

6.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no 'circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation.

The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications.

7.-Where an atWete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall .grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (3), the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member for the athlete's home country.

8.-In Olympic Games and World Championships and in Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (i.e. categories l(a) and l(b) of Rule 12) Members shall be represented only by citizens by birth or naturalisation or registration of the country which the affiliated Member 48

represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country in any such meeting, if such colony is not represented by membership of the l.A.A.F. Having once represented any Member in a meeting which comes within the categories defined in 1(a) and 1(b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member except in the following ?ircumstances:(a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty. (c) The election to membership of the I.A.A.F. of the national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage.

- (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since the date when the atWete last represented another Member, and, if there are legal provisions for acquiring citizenship of that country, compliance with such provisions. The period of residence may be reduced to one year, if the two Members concerned agree, and if the Council of the I.A.A.F. approves.

9.-Athletes from a National Federation or some other Athletics Organisation which is not an affiliated Member of the LA.A.F. may compete in any competition except for meetings listed under paragraph 1 (a) and (b) of Rule 12 against athletes under the jurisdiction of a Member, provided:(a) that the Federation or Organisation concerned is not at that time suspended by the LA.A.F. or excluded from particular categories of competition; Cb) that the athletes concerned are amateurs; (c) that the prior permission of the Council is given upon the application of the Member in the country or territory where the competition is to take place, or of the Member wishing to send athletes to compete in a non-Member country or territory; (d) that where the competition is held in a non-Member country or territory, the Member must obtain an undertaking from the organising body that in all other respects, the rules of the LA.A.F. will be observed.

49

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RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships

I.-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics.

2.-The Olympic Games shall be regarded as WorId Championships.

3.-Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required for all Area or Group Championships or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate except where otherwise provided by the Rules. The application for sanction must be made to the LA.A.F., accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ25 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games.

All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. not later than twelve months prior to the date of the Championships or Games in question. Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the lA.A.F. and any other country wishing to participate must apply to the for which must have been granted prior to t.heIr entry bemg accepted. Such applications must be receIved at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned.

The

shall not any Area or Group or G.ames wIhtout first having obtained an undertakmg that the necessary permission for vIsItmg athletes to enter the country where the competition is to be held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the games. Should it subthat these undertakings cannot be fufilled, sequently the CompetItIon shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee.

4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each Area or Group Championships or Games or each InterContinental Match at the expense of the organisers to ensure that the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F. are complied RULE 13 50

with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to him by the Organisers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles, first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers 'not later than the final day of the championships or the athletic section of the games. Such representative *all render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter.

RULE 14 Expenses - I.-The following rules shall apply to expenses allowed to athletes competing in International Meetings under Rule 12 (1):-

These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for transport, travel, insurance, meals and lodging. (a) Expenses payable in respect of Meetings under Rule 12 (1) (a), (b), (c) and (d) shall be a matter for decision by the Member or Members concerned. (b) Expenses payable at Meetings under Rule 12, 1 (e) may be paid in respect of the athlete, his manager or coach, and any payment made must be in accordance with the procedure detailed in Rule 12, paragraphs 2 and 4.

2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to atliletes must not exceed U.S. $5.00 or its equivalent in other currencies, payable for the minimum time they are required to be absent from home.

3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. (b) The athlete's own national governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing to refund to the athlete travelling expenses as defined in paragraph 1.

4.-Payment of travelling expenses in respect of competition under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (e) is limited to a total of 45 days in each calendar year.

RULE 14 51

RULE 15 Provision of Equipment and Services Athletes may accept assistance in the form of equipment and services required for training and competition, subject to the control of the national governing body.

Such assistant is limited to the following items:(a) Sports equipment and clothing; When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment, distribution shall be controlled through the national governing body. (b) Insurance cover for accidents, illness, disability and personal property; (c) Cost of medical treatment and physiotherapy; (cl) Coaches and trainers authorised by the national governing body.

If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete.

RULE 16 Subventions to Assist Athletics I.-Where a National Governing Body, after full investigation, considers it appropriate, it may provide, or arrange for the provision of, a subvention to an athlete to assist him in the expenses incurred in training for or participation in any competition under Rule 12, (1), paragraphs (a}-(d) but not (e).

2.-An athlete must not accept any subvention without the prior permission in writing of his National Governing Body.

3.-The Council of the LA.A.F. may request information from Members concerning the payments of any such subventions.

RULE 17 Advertising within the Arena At International meetings within Categories l(a), (b) and (c) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place, is RULES 15-17 52

not permitted. Manufacturers' labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition arena must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment and the height of the characters must not exceed 2.5 cm (l in.). At meetings within the above categories, however, where manufacturers have supplied electronic equipment for measuring or timekeeping, or for conveying information to the public, at the discretion of the Organising Committee, the manufacturer's name may appear in the arenC\ on signs which do not exceed 200 cm x 40 cm.

There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outside the competition area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by offical announcemade at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event.

ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS

RULE 51 Definition of Amateur An amateur is one who competes for the love of sport and as a means of recreation, without any motive of securing any material gain from such competition.

RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to Amateurs Competition under LA.A.F. rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member, and who are eligible to compete under LA.A.F. rules.

RULE 53 Ineligibility for International Competition The following persons are ineligible to take part in competitions under LA.A.F. rules.

Any person who:(i) has taken part in any athletic meeting in which any of the competitors in any of the events, were, to his knowledge, ineligible to compete under LA.A.F. Rules. (ii) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not 53 RULES 51-53

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sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held; (iii) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body; (iv) uses drugs as defined in Rule 144 ("Doping"); (v) has competed in any sport or has taught, trained or coached in any sport for any pecuniary reward; The Council is empowered, however, to declare eligible any person who has received pecuniary rewards in a sport other than athletics, if it is satisfied that the practice ofthat sport is not ofdirect help for any athletic event.

NOTE.-Physical education teachers whose work is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs. (vi) has at any time been financially interested in any athletic meeting in which he was entered; (vii) writes, lectures or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission in writing of his national governing body.

This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making a career in that particular activity; (viii) allows his name, picture or athletic performance to be used for advertising, except when this is connected with a contract for sponsorship or equipment entered into by his national governing body, and any resulting payment or benefit goes to the national governing body and not the individual; (ix) while competing displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertisng material. This rule shall apply to the competitors' numbers, clothing and travelling bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible; NOTE.-At Area or Group Games or Championships, the competitors' number cards may bear only the official name ofthe meeting or competition (size not to exceed 15 cm x 2.5 cm-6 in. x 1 in.) in addition to the actual number.

54

At meetings other than the above, where Members authorise contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition of lettering on number cards, Members are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 15 cm x 2.5 cm (6 in. x 1 in.) and to ensure that the same style ofnumber is issued to all competitors. (x) Accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rules 14, 15 and 16. (xi) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional athlete.

NOTE.-Suspensions and Reinstatement-see Rule 11.

RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under LA.A.F. Rules, the eligibility of an athlete competing sh,all be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete belongs.

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RULE 54

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DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS NOTE.-Alterations to Competition rules approved by Congress in 1976 are indicated by vertical lines in the page margins.

All such changes come into force on 1st May, 1977.

RULE 101 All international competitions, as defined in Rule 12 para 1, shall be held under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter.

The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions.

NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. i SECTION I OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES RULE 111 Officials of the Meeting The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings.

The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require.

MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) JURY OF ApPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One Referee for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events RULES 101, 111

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Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starters One (or more) Recall Starters One (or more) Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal One or more Wind Gauge Operators ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press.

Referees and Chief Judges should be indicated by a 11 distinctive armband or badge.

If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible.

Where women's events are held, there shall be appointed a woman doctor when possible.

RULE 112 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena.

RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and shall prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shall receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting.

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RULES 112-113

1 RULE 114 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for seeing that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and landing areas for field events are properly laid out, also that all equipment is according to for by !he specification and readily appointed Referee, and that scormg, result and tIme recordmg cards are prepared.

See also Rule 126.

RULE 115 Jury of Appeal In Area or Group Games or Championships, a Jury of Appeal which should normally consist of not less than three nor more than five persons shall be appointed.

The primary function of the Jury shall be to deal with all protests under Rule 147, and with any other matters arising during the course of meeting which are referred to them for decision. Their decision shall be final.

While in general the Jury should not intervene in the course ofa meeting, if they observe any matter which, in their opinion, requires correction, they should discuss such matter with the responsible official and offer advice as to what should be done.

Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. See also Rule 147 "Protests".

RULE 116 Referees I.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and for events outside the stadium.

2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to see that the rules are observed and decide any technical points which arise during the Meeting, and for which provision has not apparently been made in these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race, only when Judges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. See also Rule 117, (2) and Rule 146, (1).

3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events if this has not been previously arranged, specifying the duty each RULES 114-116 58

should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performances; check the final. results and deal with any disputed points. See also Rule 117, (1).

4.-The appropriate Referee shall have the power to exclude any competitor for improper conduct and he shall decide on the ground any protest or objection as to the conduct of a competitor. See also Rule 118, Rule 122 and Rule 147.

5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power to declare the event void and such event shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. See also Rule 142. (6).

Referee shall have power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify a change. SU<.;h a change shall be made only after a round is completed.

7.-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. See also Rule 123.

RULE 117 Judges General I.-Subject to the rules laid down by the National Association and except in the case of the Olympic Games and WorId Championships, the organisers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges.

Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track.

2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide.

NOTE.-The Judges should be placed at leastfive metres (or 16 ft. 6 in.) from and in line with the finish, and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. A photo-finish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. (See Note to Rule 162, para. 12).

RULE 117 59

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1 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round.

RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions.

2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely and, in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediate report of the incident to the Referee.

3.-Any such breach of the rules should be indicated by the raising of a flag. , 4.-Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points.

NOTE.-When an umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, he should immediately mark where the runner ran outside his lane.

RULE 119 Timekeepers I.-(a) There should be three official Timekeepers (one of whom should be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two alternate Timekeepers who should time the winner of every event. The times recorded by the alternate Timekeeper's watches* shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails properly to record the time, in which case the alternate Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been previously decided, so that, in all races, three watches should have recorded the official winning time.

Wherever possible, additional timekeepers should record times for the second and subsequent places, lap times in races of 800 metres and over and times at every 1000 m. in races of 3000 metres and over.

11 *NoTE.-Throughout this rule, the word watches includes 11 electric, manually operated digital timers.

RULES 118-119 60

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(b) Each Timekeeper shall act independently and, without showing his watch to or discussing his time with any other person, enter his time on the printed form, and after signing the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper, who may examine the watches to verify the reported times. (c) The Chief Timekeeper shall then decide what is the official time for each competitor, applying, as necessary, the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. (d) In the event of two of three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the time shown by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. (e) If the hand of the watch stops between the two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1/100th second watch is used, the time shall be read from it to the nearest 0.1 second, i.e. 9.94 is read as 9.9 but 9.95 is read as 10.0.

(See also Rule 195, para. 6 (b), for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.)

2.-If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time.

3.-The time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular ' plane of the nearer edge of the finish line.

NOTE.-It is recommended that the Timekeepers should be placed at least five metres (16ft. 6 in.) from and in line with the finish on the opposite side ofthe track to the judges, and, in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided wherever practicable.

4.-An electrical timekeeping device, approved by the National Association of the country where the competition is held, may be used.

5.-(a) For all hand-timed races, the timing shall be to 11 IflOth second. Where a fully automatic electrical timing device 11 is used,* the timing for races up to and including 440 I yards shall be recorded to 1/100th second. In electrically time I races over 440 yards, the result shall be converted to l/lOth second.

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(b) The following conversion table shall be used for converting times required to the nearest 1/1Oth second.

Electrical Timing Official Result 11 Second Second 11 .95 .04 .0 " .05 .14 .1 .15 - .24 .2 1\ 1 .25 - .34 .3 .35 -.44 .4 1 I .45 - .54 .5 .55 - .64 .6 1 .65-.74 .7 .75 - .84 .8 .85 - .94 .9 11 6.-(a) Fully automatic electrical timekeeping equipment shall be used in the Olympic Games, World Championships and, wherever possible, in all Area and Group Championships. (b) Whenever fully automatic electrical timekeeping equipment is used at any meeting, the time recorded shall be the 11 official time as worded in paragraph 5 hereof, unless for any 11 reason the Chief Timekeeper decides that it must obviously be inaccurate. il *NoTE.-"Fu!ly automatic electrical timing equipment: The 11 electrical timing device must be started by a contact on the Starter's pistol or any similar apparatus at the instant oftheflash 11 from the charge. The finishing times and the finishing places of 11 the competitors shall be read from a moving film (a photofinish 11 picture). If possible, there should be at least two photofinish 11 cameras in action, one from each side. " 11

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RULE 120 The Starter and Recall Starters 1.--The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race, except as provided in (3) 'I! below. The Starter shall ascertain that the Timekeepers and " Judges are ready.

11 2.-1n all races started in lanes, the Starter should use a microphone to relay his commands to loudspeakers for the runner in each lane. Where such a device is not used, the Starter shall so place himself that the distance between him and each of RULE 120 62

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the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the pistol or apparatus should be placed there and discharged by electnc contact. See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish".

Starter or any Recall Starter shall recall the by. the of a pistol or approved apparatus in any race If m hIS opmIOn the start was not a fair one.

RULE 121 Assistants (or Marksmen) I.-The Assistants shall check that the competitors are competmg m the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast and one on the in events at all distances shall be numbered from back. left to nght, facing the direction of running.

2:-They place each competitor in his correct lane or st51tIon, assembhng on an assembly line 3 metres (?r 10 feet) behmd the starting line (in the case of races behind each starting line), and started m echelon, when so placed they sIgnal to the Starter that all is ready.

When a fresh start IS ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again.

3.-.The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readmess of batons for the first runners in a relay race.

4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor hands or feet on the starting line or in places eI.ther front of It. If any dIfficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish".

RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-A shall keep a record of the laps covered by each compet!tor m races from 1500 metres to 5000 metres. For races exceedmg 5000 metres and for Walking events a number of lap scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appomted and with lap scoring cards on which they shall. reco,rd the tImes over each lap (as given to them by an offiCIal !Imekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsIble. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors. in the case of Walking events). special Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each number of laps wh!ch. he still has to complete. competItor He shall notIfy the final lap by the nngmg ofa bell or otherwise.

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RULES 121-122

RULE 123 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, together with the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee and the Chief Timekeeper as well as the \\ information provided by the Wind Gauge operator. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. See Rule 116, (7) and Rule 125.

RULE 124 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials, and competitors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty.

RULE 125 The Announcer The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. See also Rule 123.

RULE 126 The Official Surveyor The Track and distances which are to be contested, as well as the circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the Field events, shall have been measured in advance by an official surveyor.

He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. See Rule 145.

RULE 127 The Wind Gauge Operator The wind gauge operator shall ensure that the gauge is erected in accordance with Rule 149. He shall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropriate events and shall then record and sign the results obtained and communicate them to the Recorder.

64 RULES 123-127

SECTION II RULES FOR COMPETITION RULE 141 Entries I.-Competitions under LA.A.F. Rules are restricted to amateurs in accordance with the LA.A.F. Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. See Rules 51-54.

2.-No competitor shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his amateur status is guaranteed in writing by the National Federation of his country, and he has permission from such body to compete. In all international competitions, such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive, for the time being, of the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objection as to his status shaH be referred to the LA.A.F. Women's Events 3.-For Olympic . Games and Area or Group Games or Championships, the Organising Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every entry for Women's events must be accompanied by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by a photostat copy thereof, or the competitor will be required to appear before the Medical Panel appointed to act at the meeting concerned.

4.-When an athlete has appeared before such a Medical Panel and been declared eligible to compete in Women's events, the Panel shall forward to the LA.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register.

Upon request from the National Federation, the LA.A.F. will issue a certificate in respect of any athlete whose name appears on the Register.

5.-In the case ofInternational meetings other than Olympic Games and Area or Group Championships or Games, entries must be accompanied either by a certificate issued under the prov.isions of. Rule 141 (4) or by a certificate signed by a quahfied medIcal doctor and countersigned on behalf of the National Federation confirming that the athlete is qualified to compete in Women's events.

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RULE 141

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Failure to participate . .

6.-At Olympic Games and Area or Group. ChampIOnships or Games it is recommended that a competitor be excluded from participation in further events, including relays, in cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that the start in an event but then he or she failed to without giving a valid reas0I?-, so that it not to delete the name officially from the list of starters for that event; (2) he or she qualified in or heats for further participation in an event but then dId not compete further without giving a valid reason.

NOTE.-A fixed time jor the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance.

RULE 142 The Competition I.-No performance accomplished by an ath!ete will be unless it has been accomplished during a!1 official competitIon, the athletes using only equipment authOrised by the rules of the LA.A.F. 2.-ln matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be as desired; any such arrangement should be made previous to the meeting.

Clothing 3.-ln all events competitors must wear which is clean and so designed and worn as ,not to. be ?bJectlOnable. The clothing must be made of a material whIch is non-transparent even if wet. . .

In Olvmpic Games or any Area Games or ChampIOnships competitors shall participate in the uniform clothing officially approved by their National Federation.

Competition Shoes 4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with .f?ot\year on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for IS to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm gnp of the ground; such shoes, be constructed so as to give the competitor any addItional aSSIstance.

RULE 142

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Competitors are not permitted to wear shoes which incorporate any spring or device of any kind or of which the sole, including grooves or ridges, has a total thickness exceeding 13 millimetres (0.5 in.). The thickness of the heel must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres (0.5 in.). To protect the heel from the jar of impact in long jumping and triple jumping, the competitor may increase the thiCKness of the heel itself or include a pad inside the shoe so that the total thickness of heel and pad does not exceed 25 millimetres (1 inch).

The sole and the heel may have grooves, ridges and/or spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six in the sole proper and two in the heel. The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 mi:llimetres (1 in.) in length or 4 millimetres (0.16in.) in diameter. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted.

When a competition is conducted on an all-weather track, competitors shall c6mply with the instructions of the Organisers as to the length of spikes.

Competitors may not use any appliance either inside or outside the shoe which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the sole above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0.5 in.) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs.

Numbers 5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in the programme. If track suits are worn in the competition, numbers must be worn on the track suit in a similar manner. In the pole vault and high jump, the competitors may wear the number on the back or front only. Where photo-finish equipment is in operation, the meeting organisers may require competitors to wear additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side of their ,shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers.

At Area or Group Games or Championships, the competitors number card may bear only the official name of the meeting or competition (size not to exceed 15 cm. x 2.5 cm, 6 in. x I in.) in addition to the actual number.

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NOTE.-Members who have contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition oflettering or number cards to be worn at matches with other Members and at domestic meetings, are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 15 cm x 2.5 cm, (6 in. x 1 in.) and to ensure that the same style ofnwnber is issued to all competitors taking part in the competition.

6.-Any competitor jostling, running across or another competitor so as to impede his .sha!l be to disqualification. If in any race a competItor IS dIsqualIfied for any of these reasons, the Referee power t? order the race to be re-run excluding the dIsqualIfied competItor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. See also Rule 116, (5).

7.-In all races run in lanes each competitor shall keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes.

8.-If the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that '!- com:petitC?r has run outside his lane, he shall dIsqualIfy hIm; but If the Referee considers that such action was unintentional, he may at his discretion disqualify, if he is of the opinion that a material advantage was gained thereby. See table below.

Track 400 metres Stride 2.30 m Number of Strides I

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Advantage Gained by Encroaching f centimetres on Inside of Lane t = 5 cm cm 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.6

t = 10 cm t = 15 cm t = 30 cm cm 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.4 5.1 5.8 6.5 7.2

cm 1.1 -2.2 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.6 8.7 9.8 10.9

cm

2.2

4.4 6.6 .

8.8 10.9 13.1 15.3 17.5 19.7 21.9

9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race.

In road races a competitor may leave the road with the permission and under the control of a judge, provided that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered.

In field events and Decathlon and Pentathlon events, with the permission of and accompanied by a judge, a competitor may leave the immediate area of the track during the progress of the competition.

10.- Except with the prior approval of the Referee, no official nor any other person within the arena shall indicate any intermediate times to competitors. ll.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 (Marathon races and long distance walking races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person. "Assistance" includes conveying advice or information to an athlete by any means.

Any athlete receiving advice or information must be cautioned by the referee and warned that for any repetition, he will be debarred from further participation in the competition.

Any performance accomplished up to that time will stand. l2.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition.

B.-In a Field event, no competitor is allowed to have more than one trial recorded in anyone round of the competition.

14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay.

The official responsible shall indicate to the competitor that all is ready for the trial to begin, and the period allowed for this trial shall commence from that moment.

This table shows. mathematically, the theoretical advantage gained by taking from I to 10 strides inside the inner border a The distances are shown in centimetres. e.g. four stndes 15 cm mSlde gIves an advantage of 4.4 cm.

The following times, which must not be regarded as imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and Javelin, 2 minutes; and (b) In the case 0/ the Pole Vault, 3 minutes.

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For a second delay at any time during the competition, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials, but any performance accomplished up to that time shall stand. l5.-The Referee shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. l6.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes. See Rule 166 (2), competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance. l7.-Scoring: In matches where the result of a match. is to .be determined by the scoring of points, the method of sconng WIll, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5,2.

In relay races with three teams: 7,4,2.

In relay races with six teams: 7, 5,4, 3, 2, 1.

NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number ofathletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller.

RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions Track Events I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final).

2.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting, except in .the Wodd Championships, when the Council of the l.A.A.F. wIll act. representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as pOSSIble in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the finaL

RULE 143

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NOTE.- When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered, and the heats so drawn that normally the best performers will reach the final.

3.-ln any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first r9w, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order.

4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration.

5.-ln all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round, and it is recommended that where possible at least three in each heat should qualify.

Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times.

Where any competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after these rounds have been made up.

6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat or any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to 200 metres 45 minutes Over 200 metres to 1000 metres 90 minutes Over 1000 metres 180 minutes Field Events 7.-ln any field event, a qualifying competition may be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting except in the World Championships when the Council of the I.A.A.F. will act.

The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and, where possible, their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump and Pole Vault, each competitor shall be allowed three trials. A competitor once having achieved the qualifying standard shall not be allowed to continue in the qualifying

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competition. At the end of the qualifying competition the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot.

NOTE.-In major competitions where there are enough competitors to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualifying competition be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are facilities for the two groups to compete at the same time and under similar conditions, the second group should start the competition immediately the first group hasfinished.

RULE 144 Doping I.-Doping is strictly forbidden.

2.-Doping is the use by or distribution to an athlete of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially the athlete's physical and/or mental condition and so augmenting his athletic performance.

3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of this rule, comprise the following groups:(a) Psychomotor stimulant drugs, e.g. Amphetamine benzphetamine, cocaine diethylpropion dimethylamphetamine, ethylamphetamine, fencamfamin, fenproporex, methylainphetamine, methylphenidate, norpseudo ephedrine, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine, pipradol, prolintane, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (b) Sympathomimetic amines: e.g. ephedrine, methoxyphenamine, methylephedrine, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (c) Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants: e.g. amiphenasole, bemigride, leptazol, nikethamide, strychnine, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (d) Narcotic Analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine, dextromorarnide, dipipanone, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (e) Anabolic steroids, e.g. methandienone, nandrolone decanoate, oxymetholone, nandrolone phenyl11 propionate, stanozolol, testosterone and its esters, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

11 72 RULE 144

The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of doubt as to other substances which may be regarded as doping substances shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this rule, the actual doping substance must be identified.

4.- Doping controls will take place only when ordered by the LA.A.F. or by the Area or national governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning the meeting.

They shall be carried out under the supervision of a Doping Committee for the meeting. This Doping Committee shall include, wherever possible:-the Technical Delegate of the meeting or LA.A.F. Representative, a member or representative of the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. and a qualified medical officer of the organising country.

The method of selection of the athletes to be controlled shall be decided before the event by the Doping Committee. It is r -desirable to test the athletes finishing in the first four places of a I competition, as well as other athletes determined by lot, but no details shall be disclosed before the competition. The total 11 number of athletes tested may depend on the capacity of the Laboratory.

Where there is cause for suspicion, additional controls or tests may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee.

5.¡-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so requested in writing by the responsible official, submit to a doping control. Refusal to do so will result in disqualification and the athlete shall be reported to his national governing body, who shall inform the LA.A.F. 6.-To facilitate the analysis, any form of medication 11 administered by any route within two days of the start of the competition or event, must be declared to the Doping Committee by means of the official form.

7.-A competitor found to have a doping substance present 11 in any of his body fluids at an athletics meeting shall be 11 disqualified from the competition and reported to his national 11 governing body. See Rule 53, (iv).

11 Likewise any person assisting or inciting others to use doping substances shall be considered as having committed an offence against LA.A.F. Rules, and thus exposes himself to disciplinary action.

Any offences under this rule shall be reported by the national governing body to the I.A.A.F. 73 II1

8.-The detailed procedure for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current approved procedure shall be supplied on request by the LA.A.F. to responsible organising bodies for the information and guidance of the Doping Committees, athletes and officials.

RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar graduated in centimetres, and/or quarter-inches, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance.

2.-In measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003 x L + 0.01 metres, where "L" is the length of the track in metres.

NOTE.-This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for: lOOm 0.04m 400m O.13m 3.-In measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, that part of the tape recording the distance achieved must be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or- scratch line. Distances, if measured in metres, shall always be recorded to the nearest O.Olm below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than O.OIm must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in even 0.02m units (e.g.

62.44m, 62.46m, etc.) to the nearest unit below. Distances, if measured in feet, shall be recorded to the nearest quarter-inch below the distance covered, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in units of 1 inch, to the nearest inch below. In jumping for height, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar.

NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 para. 9 (a).

4.-A scientific measuring apparatus, such as a datum line measurer, the accuracy of which is approved by the Govern-

RULE 145

74

mental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may be used.

5.-In events over roads, the course shall be measured one metre from the verge of the road and in the direction of the race. A certificate of correctness shall be furnished by the official surveyor-see Rule 126. It is recommended that a wheel or exact circumference which will record on a counter the number of revolutions be used. The speed of operation of the wheel should nQt exceed 3 miles or 5000 metres per hour and the counter must be checked against a stretch of road-not running track-not less than one kilometre in length accurately measured by a surveyor's chain, steel tape or fibre-glass tape.

See also Rules 165 (Marathon) and 191 (Walking) NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the LA.A .F. Bureau.

RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying shall bot.h qualify, failing which they shall compete agam. In case of a .tIe to for first place in any final, the Referee is whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tymg to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand.

Ties in other placings shall remain.

Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps a.t the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the hIgher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be 'awarded the higher place. (c) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total number ofjumps (whether successful or not) throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place.

75

RULE 146

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RULE 147

Exam ple-H igh Jump

A B C D

1.78m

1.82m

1.85m

1.88m

1.90m

l.92m

1.94m

5"10'

6' O'

6' I"

6' 2"

6'Y

6' 4"

6' 5"

XO XXO XXO

XXO XXO XXO XO

XXX XXX XXX xxx

-

0 0 0

0= Cleared.

XO

0 0

-

-

0 0

x=

X-

Failed.

xO X-

0

XXO

-

Protests :g

e",

1-"-

4 4 5

-

"" 8 9 -

2 3 4 I

-- = Did not jump.

A, B, C and D all cleared 1·92 metre s (6 ft. 4 in.) and failed at 1·94 metres (6 f1. 5 in.).

The rule regarding ties .comes into operat ion, and as "D" (6 ft. 4 m.) at his second attemp t, the others 1·92 takmg three, he IS declared the winner.

The other. three will tie and the Judges add up the total !lumber of faIlures, up to and includ ing the height last cleared, I.e., 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.). therefore "c" has more failures than "A" or "B", and isJudges add the and tie and "B" still award ed fourth place. height the ing includ of Jumps up to and up the total last cleared, I.e., 1·92 metres (6 f1. 4in.). "A" being award ed second place. (d) If the tie still remains: place, the compe titors tying (i) If it concerns the sh.all have one more Jump at the height at which they faIled, and if no decision is reached the bar shall be lowered or raised to the height s' wl;1ich shall be the!l attemp t one jump at each they Comp etitors so tying untIl the tIe IS deciding the tie. when must Jump on each occaSIOn (ii) If it concerns any other place, the compe titors shall be award ed the same place in the competition. . 3.-In those field events where the result is determined by of the competitors tying dIstance,. the sec<?nd best shall decIde the tIe. If the tIe stIll remam s, the third best, and so on.

NOTE .-It is recommended that in international matches where two or more competitors tie, the rules for deciding tie; should not apply, the points for the places concerned being shared.

76

I.-Pro tests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to the comm encem ent of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, if no Jury has been appoi nted, to the Referee. If the matte r canno t be settled satisfa ctorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compe te "unde r protes t" and the matte r be referred to the Counc il of the LA.A .F. 2.-Pr otests relating to matte rs which develop during the carryi ng throug h of the progra mme should be made at once, and not later than within thirty minut es after the result has been officially annou nced. The Organisers of the meeting shall be respon sible for ensuring that the time of the annou nceme nt of all results is recorded.

- 3.-An y protes t shall in the first instance be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someo ne acting on his behalf. To arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should consid er any availa ble evidence which he thinks necessary, including a film or pictur e produ ced by an official video tape recorder. The Referee may decide on the protes t or may refer the matte r to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appea l to the Jury.

4.-A n applic ation to the Jury of Appea l must be in writing signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be accom panied by a depos it of $10.00 or its equiva lent before the appea l is heard. The depos it will be forfeited if the protes t is considered to be frivolous. To arrive at a fair decision, the Jury of Appea l shall consu lt all other available evidence and interview all those whom they consid er necessary.

il 11 11

11

I 11

RULE 148 World Records

I.-W hen a WorId Recor d is set up by an atWete or by a team, the LA.A .F. Memb er in the count ry where the record perfor mance was made shall collect togeth er, witho ut delay, all the inform ation required for the ratific ation of the record by the LA.A .F. The Memb er should immediately inform the I.A.A .F. of its 11 11 intent ion to submi t the perfor mance .

2.-Th e official applic ation form of the 1.A.A.F. shall be RULE S 147-148 77

-

I

I'

filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau within three months.

If the concerns a foreign athlete or a foreign tea!?, a duplIcate of the form shall be sent within the same penod to the National Association ofthe athlete or of the team m question. Application may be made only on behalf of an athlete or athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the LA.A.F. 3.-The National Association of the country where the record was set up shall send, with the official application form:(a) The printed programme of the meeting; (b) The complete results of the event in question; (c) The photofinish photograph in the case of a track record where. fully automatic electrical timekeeping was in operation; (d) The complete results sheet in the case of a field event record. .

4.-However, for the competitions referred to in Rule 12 paragraph 1 (a) the above formalities need not be carried out: 5.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records:(a) The record must be made out of doors and must not have been made on a wooden surface. (b) record must be made in a bone fide competition whIch has been duly fixed, advertised and authorised before the day by the LA.A.F. Member of the country where the event takes place. This competition with the taking part must have been name. of mentIOned m the pnnted programme of the meeting. (c) The Organisers of the competition shall refrain from in any advertisement, programme or stating or document of any kmd the suggestion that any event will be an attempt upon a record. (d) The record must be better than or equal to the result in the latest world record list in the event in question. (e) in OF Qualifying Competitions, in decldmg ties and m mdlvldual events in the Pentathlon and Decathlon Competitions may be submitted for ratification.

78

6.-ln the case of Women's records, unless the athlete's name appears on the I.A.A.F. register (see Rule 141, paragraph 4), an application must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete (athletes) for whom the record is claimed.

No performance set up by an athlete will be recognised if it 11 has been accomplished during a mixed competition.

11 7.-( a) Running and Walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or, in the case of a grass track, only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with the above Rule. ( b) A race must be stated to be over one distance only and 1\11 competitors shall compete at that distance. It is therefore not considered a bona fide competition if any of the athletes compete at a shorter distance than others in the same race.

However, a race based on the distance covered over a given 11 time (see Rule 162, paragraph 12) may be combined with a race ',1 1 over a fixed distance (for example. 1 Hour and 20 Km).

It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records.

It is permitted for several athletes to accomplish different 11 records in the same race. li However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance jf he did not finish the full distance for which the race had been fixed. ( c) Running and Walking records must be timed by official timekeepers as provided in Rule 119 (and accepted by the National Association as such), or by an approved fully automatic electrical timekeeping device (see Rule 119).

For races up to and including 400 metres, only performances 11 timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device 11 shall be accepted. New World Records for these .events will be 11 recognised only when the previous record is bettered by at least I 0.02 seconds. " (d) For any record at any distance greater than 200 metres to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 400 metres or 440 yards and the race must have started 79

---

- - - - - --------

-

- - - - -

on some part ofthe perimeter. This limitation does not apply to Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres track. (e) On any track with more than 8 lanes, records made in any lane beyond the 8th shall not be accepted. (f) For all records up to and including 200 metres, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the component of the wind measured in the direction of running behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. (g) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inrier curved border of his lane. (h) A relay record may be made only by a team all of whose members are citizens of a single Member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 12, paragraph 8.

A colony which is npt in separate Membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Mother Country.

11 (i) The time set up by the first runner in a relay team may I not be submitted as a record.

8.-For Walking records, the track must be an oval from 350 metres minimum to 500 metres maximum, with 2 curves and 2 straights from 60 metres minimum to 120 metres maximum.

9.-( a) Records in field events must be measured by 3 Field Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated in centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the governmental Weights and Measures Department of the country where the event is held. Measurements for world records in field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest 0.01 metre below, except that in the case of the Discus, Javelin and Hammer throws, the distances shall be recorded in even 0.02 metre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m etc.). (b) In field events, a performance may be submitted for ratification if it took place during an event where a handicap was combined with the scratch competition. (c) In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, information concerning wind speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the component of the wind measured in 80

-

---------

---

-

------------"

the direction of jumping behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted 1D.-When a record is claimed for the Pentathlon or Decathlon, the conditions imposed for recognising records in individual events must have been complied with in the 5 or 10 events. However, a record will be recognised even though the wind speed exceeded 2 metres 'per second (see paragraphs 7 (j) and 9 ( c)) provided it was not more than 4 metres per second. l1.-The President and the General Secretary of the I1 I.A.A.F. together are authorised to recognise world records. If I they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the case shall be referred to the Council for decision.

The LA.A.F. will inform the Member applying for a World Record as well as the athlete's National Association, where these are not the same, that the record has been ratified. If the is not ratified, the reasons why the record was not accepted will be supplied.

- 12.-The LA.A.E. Bureau shall keep lists of World Records and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and ::l copy forwarded to each Member of the LA.A.F. l3.-Members of the LA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records of their own country. Copies of this list shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau in January each year.

- NOTES:-

I.-The official World Record Plaques as designed by the l.A.A.F. jor presentation to World Record holders will be supplied by the l.A.A.F., provided National Associations remit the cost.

2.-Rejer to Rule 381 as to events jor which World Records are recognised.

3.-Continental Associations must apply all the conditions laid down in this rule jor the ratification oj their own Continental Records.

4.-lt is recommended that National Federations adopt similar rules to the above jor the recognition oj their own National records.

81

11

III

..

- -

RULE 149 Wind Measurement The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured are as follows, from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus:Seconds 100 metres...

10 100 metres Hurdles 13 110 metres Hurdles 13 In 200 metres run on a curve, the wind velocity shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight.

In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump-40 metres, and in the case of the Triple Jump-35 metres, from the take-off board; or if a competitor runs less than 40 metres or 35 metres as the case may be, from the time he commences his run.

When the wind speed is taken into consideration, the wind measuring instrument shall be set up half-way down the straight and for the jumps, 20 metres from the take-off board.

The instrument shall be not more than 2 metres away from the track or runway and shall be approximately 1¡22 metres high.

SECTION III RUNNING EVENTS RULE 161 Track and Lanes I.-The length of the running track should be not less than 400 metres (or 400 yards). The track should be not less than 7.32 metres (24 ft.) in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with cement, wood or other suitable material, 50 millimetres (2 in.) in height, and not more than 50 millimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines 50 millimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres (or 5 yards). Flags must be so placed on the line as to prevent any competitor running on the line, and they shall be placed at an angle of 60 degrees with the ground away from the track. Flags approximately 0.25 metres (l0 in.) by 0.20 metres (8 in.) in size mounted on a staff of 0.45 metres (18 in.) long are the most suitable for the purpose.

2.-The measurement shall be taken 0.30m (l ft.) outward from the inner border of the track or, where no border exists, 0.20m (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of the track.

I I

i all lines white 50mmwide---

RULE 150 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in Rules 161-185.

2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No compet.itor is allmyed to use any implements, with the exceptIOn of vaultmg poles an.d startmg blocks, in which case they may use their own, provIded these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. See also Rule 162 (Starting Blocks) and Rule 172 (Vaulting Pole).

RULES 149-150

82

_--

'2

of race

measurement line for all other lanes

a: i . ÂŤ_1._L

_ ...--., "'-

O.20m

+

- - O.30m

3.-In all races up to and including 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres-4 feet-and a maximum width of 1.25 metres-4 feet 1t inches-to be marked by lines 50 mm-(2 inches)-in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20m (8 in.) from the outer edges of the lines.

NOTEs.-The line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane.

See Rule 142, paragraph 7 and 8-"Athletes keeping to allotted lanes".

RULE 161 83

--_.--_.----_._--

11 11

----

---_.-

4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside.

5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes, and where possible should allow for eight lanes, particularly for major international events.

6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks shall not exceed I: 100 and the inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000.

800 metres (880 yards) event 7.-In Olympic Games, the World Cup and all Area or Group Games or Championships, the 800 metres event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the first bend, the maximum number of available lanes being used.

The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor.

NOTE.-In international matches, countries may reach agreement not to use lanes.

SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES THE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES.

WHERE

C

0.30m

O.30m

A FINISH LINE A',A2,A3,A¡,A5,A", STARTS IN RESPECTIVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENTS FROM Y MEETS 0,30 METRE LINE IN INSIDE LANE 6',6 2,6 3,6.,65,6", POINTS OF DENOUNCEMENT FROM LANES

NOTTO SCALE

84

As runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on enterIng the back straight, the starting positions must care for two factors. First, the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to be of 200 metres starting at the same point on the track; secondly, an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. (a) Mark Bl in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straight 0.30m (12 in.) from the inside kerb. (b) Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A Bl 0.2Om (8 in.) from the inner line of the lane. "(c) Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 0.30m (12 in.) from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the bend begins. (d) With radius C Bl describe an arc across the track Bl X. This line must be flagged at each end with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and with a-line 0.05m (2 in.) wide across the track.

This indicates to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. . For la,nes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the mtersectlOn of B 1 X and the path of the runner, which is 0.20 metres (8 in,) from the line marking the inside of his lane. (e) The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined in the following way, The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre _ race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz: B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 are in advance of the line Bl Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1,22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long: Lane I + zero Lane 5 + O.145m Lane 6 + O.224m Lane 2 + 0.007rn Lane 7 + O.325m Lane 3 + 0.034m Lane 4 + 0.079m Lane,8 + 0.444m 85

- - -

-

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 X 200 METRES (AND 4 X 400 METRES) RELAY, WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

r-+-+-+--I

C

........... :!: ..... .., ...... ..... =:

cn .. c.a ... ...

...............

CcnCc.a I

..

...

...

..

-

-

--

8.-In the 4 x 200 metre and 4 x 400 metre Relays, the first runner in each team has to cover the full lap in lanes and the second runner has to keep in his lane until entry to the back straight. The following method should therefore be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: Inside lane SI identical with Al. Lane 2 S2 =A2 plus normal stagger for 400 metres.

Lane 3 S3 = A 3 plus normal stagger for 400 metres.

Lane 4 S4 =A4 plus normal stagger for 400 metres.

NOTE.-The positions A2, A3, A4, etc. allow jor the 200 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in Table shown in para. 7 (e).

9.-The central line of the first take-over zones can be determined by advancing the normal starting stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz. B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 are in advance of the line Bl Y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane.

10.-The take-over zones for the second and last take-overs will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. 11.-The arc across the track at the entry to the back straight, showing the positions at which the second stage runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc for the 800 metres event, described in Para.

7 (dJ .

â&#x20AC;˘

J 86

87

--

RULE 162 The Start and the Finish

I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line 0.05m (2 in.) in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the -race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start.

Finish Posts. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (l [1.) from the edge of the track.

The finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1.37 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) in height, 8 centimetres (3 in.) in width and 2 centimetres (0.75 in.) in thickness.

Curved Start-Method o..t"Setting out In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved, so that wherever it occurs on the track, all the runners start the same distance from the finish.

6 lanes of 1.22m Assembly line

j

88' + 8' F' CC' + C' F' AF' = 0 0' + 0' F' lEE' + E' F'

l F F'

the tangent from the position of the runner in the outside lane to the estimated path of the runner in the inside lane (O.03m from inner edge of track)

2.--All races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors are quite still on their marks.

RULE 162 88

3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 440 yards be "On your marks", "Set", and when all competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races over 440 yards, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired.

4.-If for any reason the 'Starter has to speak to any competitor after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again.

A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks.

5.-0n the command "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position.

Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start.

6.-If a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be (see paragraph 3 above), and before the pistol is fired it shall be considered a false start.

7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Pentathlon or Decathlon, he shall be disqualified.

8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol.

NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow has also made a false start.

The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who. in his opinion, were responsiblejor the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given.

Starting Blocks

9.-Starting blocks which comply with the following general specifications may be used. (i) Starting blocks must be entirely rigid in construction and must give no unfair advantage to the athlete.

89

I1 11

11

11

11

III

11

1 (ii)

may be fixed to the track by a number of pins or spIkes, arranged to cause the minimum possible damage to the track. The arrangement must permit the starting bl?cks to be quickly and easily removed. The number, thIckness and length of the pins or spikes depends on the track construction. (iii) When an athlete uses his own starting blocks they shall comply wi.th paragraphs Q) and (ii) above. They may be of any deSIgn or constructIOn, provided that they do not interfere with other athletes. (iv) When starting blocks are provided by the Organisers they shall in addition comply with the specifications of this paragraph (iv).

The. blocks shall consist of two foot plates, agamst whIch the athlete's feet are pressed in the starting position. The foot plates spall be mounted on a rigid frame, which shall in no way obstruct the athlete's feet as they leave the blocks.

The. foot plates be sloped to suit the starting pOSitIOn of the athlete, and may be flat or slightly curved I.e. concave. The surface of the foot plates shall be prepared to accommodate the spikes in the athlete's shoes, either using slots or recesses in the face of the foot plate, or by covering the surface of the foot plate with a soft material of suitable thickness such as rubber.

Th.e mounting o!the foot plates on a rigid frame may be adjustable, but It must allow no movement during the start. In all cases, the foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each other. Where adjustments are provided, they must be secured firm clamps or locking mechanisms, which can be easIly and quickly operated by the athlete. (v) Starting blocks may be fitted with approved false start detection apparatus for the assistance of Starters 1O.-Where starting blocks are used, both feet and both hands must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the set position. . They may be used only in races not exceeding 440 yards and m relay races only by those competing over the first stage provided that stage does not exceed 440 yards.

In the Olympic Games, World Cup and Area and Group 90

Games or Championships, competitors may use only starting blocks approved by the organisers of the meeting. In all other competitions, except those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use their own blocks.

On all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only starting blocks provided by them may be used.

The Finish 11.-Unless in¡the opinion of the Referee it is undesirable because of the direction and the velocity of the wind, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1.22 metres (4 ft.) above the ground and fastened to the posts for the purpose of assisting the Referee and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall be immediately above the edge of the finish line which is nearer to the start.

-l2.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above.

NOTE.-A photo-finish camera should be used wherever possible; when it is used, it must be referred to before a final decision is arrived at. (See also Note to Rule 119, Para. 6.) n.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the end of the race to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearing its end. The Starter shall be directed by the Chief Timekeeper, and at exactly the appropriate time after the start, he shall signal the end of the race by again firing the pistol. At the moment the pistol is fired to signal the end of the race, the Judges appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved.

(NoTE.-Refer also to Rule 120 and 121 for the duties of the Starter, Recall Starters and Starter's Assistants.)

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I.-Distances.

RULE 163 Hurdle Races The following are the standard distances:

MEN

WOMEN

120,220,440 yards 110, 200, 400 metres 100, 400 metres MEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane set out in accordance with the following table: ' Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hunJle to finish line

metres 110 200 400

metres 1.067 0.762 0.914

metres 13.72 18.29 45

metres 9.14 18.29 35

metres 14.02 17.10 40

Yards 120 220 440

3ft. 6in.

2ft. 6in.

3ft. Oin.

Yards 15 20 49.25

Yards 10 20 38.25

Yards 15 20 46.5

WOMEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out as follows: -

Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdle

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 100 400

metres 0.840 0.762

metres 13 45

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5 40 ,

2.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or s0!Ue other material with the top bar of wood or other sUItable matenal. They shall consist of two bases and two

RULE 163

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uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms applied to the centre of the top edge of the crossbar is required to overturn it.

The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight of3.6 kilograms (8 lb.) and not more than 4 kilograms (8 lb. 13 oz.) is required to overturn it.

3.-Jleasuren1ents. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be: Women 0.84 metres (2 ft. 9 in.)

100 metres 0.762 metres (2 ft. 6 in.)

400 metres Men 110 metres, 120-yards 1.067 metres (3 ft. 6 in.) :WO-metres, 220-yards 0.762 metres (2 ft. 6 in.)

400 metres, 44O-yards 0.914 metres (3 ft. 0 in.)

The maximum width shall be 1.20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.)

The maximum length of the base shall be 0.70 metres (2 ft. 3t in.).

The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilograms (22 lb. 0.75 oz.).

NOTE.-In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3 millimetres (0.125 in.) above and below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture.

4.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres (2.75 in.). The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremities.

5.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres (9 in.) in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor.

NOTE.-To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre ofthe cross-bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end ofthe cord with weights.

93

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6.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout.

7.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane or in the opinion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualifi.ed.

8.-Except as provided in paragraph 7 of this rule, the knocking down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made.

9.-ln establishing a World Record, a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used.

RULE 164 Steeplechase

I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres.

2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event.

3.-For both races the water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track.

It is recommended that in the 2000 metres, the water jump be the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth jump.

NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of the laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metresfrom the last hurdle to the finish line.

EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance at the starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres has been shortened or lengthened by 10 metres by constructing the water jump inside or outside the track.

95

RULE 164

.

Dislance from slarl 10 beginning of 151 lap, to be run wilhout jumps ... ... ... ...

Dislance from beginning of 1st lap 10 Isl hurdle ...

From Isllo 2nd hurdle From 2nd 10 3rd hurdle'" From 3rd hurdle to water jump From waler Jump 10 41h hurdle From 41h hurdle to finishing line

Lap of 390 metres

Lap of 410 metres

270 melres

130 melres

10 m 78 m 78 m 78 m 78 m 68 m

10m 82m 82m 82m 82m 72m

7 laps of 390 m = 2730 metres

7 laps of 410 m= 2870 melres

3000 metres

3000 metres

4.-ln the 1?etres Steeplechase the distance from the to the of the first lap shall not include any Jumps, the hurdles bemg removed until the competitors have entered the first lap.

5.-The shall be 0.914 metres high (3 ft.) with a tolerance of 3 mIllimetres abo,:,e or. below this height and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) III WIdth. The section of the top bar and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 mIllimetres (5 m.) square.

The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilograms (1 76t lb.)

100 kilograms (220t lb.). Each hurdle shall have on eIther SIde a base 1.20 metres (3 ft. 11.24 in.) and 1.40 metres (4 ft. 7.12 m.). (See Diagram).

3.96m minimum

127mm

O.30m

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6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres (12 ft.) in length and width. The water shall be 0.70 metres (2 ft. 3t in.) in depth in front of the hurdle and slope to the level of the ground at the further end. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition.

To ensure safe landing of the competitors, the bottom of the water jump shall be covered at the further end with suitable material, at least 3.66 metres wide and 2.50 metres long, the thickness of which should not exceed approximately 25 mm. 11 - - - - - - 3.66m

'-'r' 0.911 0.917m

FIXED HURDLE

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The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30 metres the bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, WIll be mSIde the field.

7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to the one side or the other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified.

He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump.

96

97

(1 ft.)

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RULE 165 Marathon Race (42 195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) I.-The Marathon race shall be run on made-up roads; when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable. the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle path or footpath as verges alongside the road, but not on soft or the like. The start and finish may be wIthm an athletic arena. is desirable to have a course with a single turning point, or, alternatively, a single circuit.

NOTE.-See Rule 145 (5) re measurement of course.

2.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appointed.

3.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displayed to all competitors.

4.-Refresbments shall be provided by the Organisers of the km. or 3 miles and thereafter at Race at approximately approximately every 5 km. or 3 miles. .. . .

In addition the organisers shall proVIde spongmg pomts where water shall be supplied, midway two refreshment stations. No refreshment may be carned or taken by the by a competitor other than that pr?vided or organisers. A competitor may submIt to the orgamsers the type of refreshment desired, and this, if approved, must then be handed in to the organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The shall be placed such a that they are easily accessIble for the competitors so lhat they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A other tha;n the competitor taking refreshments at a refreshment points appointed by the orgamsers renders hImself liable to disqualification. See also Rule 142 (11).

5.-The organisers of Marathon Race must care to ensure the safety of competItors. In the case of OlympIc and Area or Group Championships or Games, the orgamsers must, where possible, give an assurance that .the to be used for the Marathon will be closed in both dIrectIOns l.e. not open to motorised traffic.

RULE 165

98

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RULE 166 Relay Races I.-Lines shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line.

2.-Lines also shall be drawn 10 metres (11 yards) before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone, within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements.

In races up to'¡4---x--220.yards (4 x 200 metres) of a team other than the first runner may commence runnmg not more than 10 metres (11 yards) outside the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit.

In 4 x 200 metres (er-4--x220yards) relay races, the first two stages, as well as that part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. (See pages 86-87) .

In 4 x 400 metres (Q.fA- x 44Qyards) relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes.

The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight, which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and with a line 50 millimetres (2 in.) wide across the track. The distance from start to finish shall be measured in such a way that the competing teams shall each run the same distance of 4 x 200 metres (4-x--22Q-yards) or 4 x 400 metres (4-x-440yards).

NOTE.-In the 4 x 400 metres (or 4¡--x-440 yards) relay, where not more than 3 teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes.

3.-Check marks. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane, e.g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not marking objects on or alongside the track. the track IS of a material which will not permit scratching WIth a shoe, some material supplied by the organisers may be used, at the discretion of the judge.

4.-The Baton. The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it.

99

RULE 166

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In all relay races the baton must be passed within the takeover zone. The passing of the baton is completed at the moment it is in the hand of the receiving runner only. Within the take-over zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competitors.

Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube circular in section, made of wood or metal or of any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall be not more than .30 metres (l ft.) and not less than .28 metres (11 in.). The circumference shall be 120 to 130 millimetres (4.75 in.) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grams (11- oz.).

NOTE.-The baton should be coloured so as to be easily visible during the race.

5.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone, except that waiting runners can move to the inside position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive, provided this be done without fouling.

6.-ln events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any position on the track.

7.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team.

8.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification.

9.-0nce a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event, the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final. With the approval of the Referee, however, this may be permitted in the case ofan injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run. It is permissible for the order o.f running to be changed between heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team.

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RULE 167 Team Races

. I.-In team races the maximum number of starters comprismg a team and the number of competitors whose positions are to count shall be stated in the programme.

2.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race.

3.-lfnecess.ary, preliminary rounds may be held.

4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run. With the approval of the Referee however it in the case an injury or illness certified by may be the offiCial medIcal officer appomted for the Meeting to be such for competitor to run. Only as to competItors fimshmg the full dIstance are eligible to compete in Jhe final.

5.-The method of scoring shall be optional and may be any one of the following: (a) By the .least number of points, according to the pOSItIons m WhIch the scoring members of a team finish.

The positions of the non-scoring members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams, but when a team fails to finish the requisite number to score it shall be eliminated; or ' (b) By the .least number of points according to the pOSItIons m whIch the scoring members of a team finish.

The positions of the non-scoring members of a team whether it finishes all its members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams; or (c) By the .least number of points according to the pOSItIons m whIch the scoring members of a team finish.

The finishing positions of the non-scoring members of a team, and the members of a team which fails to finish the requisite number to score, shall be eliminated; or (d) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded by the scoring members.

6.-1[ two or more competitors tie for any phice the points for the places concerned shall be aggregated and divided equally among the competitors so tying. of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring 7.-In member fimshed nearest to first place shall be the winning team.

101 RULE 167

RULE 168 Cross-Country Races General:Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which the cross-country running is practised especially in regard to different seasons, and distances, it is impossible to lay down any ngId legislatIOn for international standardisation of this sport.

The following rules, however, are intended as a guide 3;nd incentive to assist countries to develop cross-country runnmg both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field events. Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women's events.

I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season.

2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grassland. A limited amount of ploughed land may be included. If the course passes through woodland without any clearly defined path or track, it must be The of road of clearly marked for the any description should be hmIted to the mImmum. (b) The course for championship events must be marked, preferably with red flags on the and whIte be VIsIble from a flags on the right, all of which distance of 125 metres (140 yards). In all other respects, the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall be followed. (c) When laying out the course, very high obstacles should be avoided so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descent;, thick undergrowth and, in general, any. obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aIm of the competition. . . , It is preferable that artIfiCial should not be used but if the scope of the promotIOn renders them they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met with in open country. In cases where there is a large number of competitors, narrow gaps ?r other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an 102 RULE 168

unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres (1640 yards). (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at the time invitations are extended. The opportunity should also be taken to include a brief description of the course. (e) The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint derks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course.

NOTE.-For events other than international competitions, the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances.

3.-It is recommended that competitors be placed in age categories. The following categories are those in force for the annual LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:(1) Seniors: Any male athlete of 16 years of age and over on the day of the race.

(2) Juniors: A male athlete under the age of 20 years on the 31st December in the year of the race.

(3) Women: Any female athlete 15 years and over on the day of the race.

(4) Junior Women: Any female athlete under the age of 18 years on 31 st December in the year of the race and not younger than 14 years of age on the day of the race.

4.-Distances (a) For Seniors the distance should not be less than 7 kilometres. nor more than 14 kilometres; For Juniors not less than 5 kilometres, nor more than 10 kilometres; For Women not less than 2 kilometres, nor more than 5 kilometres. (b) In International races, the Senior race should be approximately 12 kilometres (7} miles) the Junior race approximately 8 kilometres (5 miles) and the Women's race approximately 4 kilometres (2} miles).

NOTE.-Federations are advised to increase month by month the competition distancesfor the various categories.

103

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5.-Teams and Reserves.

The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners to score will differ from competition to competition. The LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships ruling on this subject, however, which may be adopted as a standard guide, is as follows:"For the Senior race, teams of not more than 12 competitors can be entered. Not less than six nor more than nine of these shall be allowed to start in the race, of which six will score.

For the Women's and Junior races, teams of not less than four nor more than eight competitors can be entered. Not more than six shall be allowed to start in the race of which four will score."

Except in international races, it may be possible to accept entries from individuals. In the same way, members of depleted teams, who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number, could also be allowed to compete as individuals.

6.-The Start. The race shall be started by the firing of a pistol. The standard corpmands for distance events shall be used. ' In races which include a large number of competitors, a fiveminute warning before the start of the race should be given, with additional warnings if required.

7.-No competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race.

8.-Seoring (a) At the conclusion of a race the Judges shall decide the respective places of the scoring competitors of competing team, add these together and the team havmg the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. (b) In assessing the aggregate, the finishing positions of any individual runners may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly, but with large fields this is not recommended. (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place.

104

9.-0fficials. The following officials are considered .to be necessary for international events, but organisers are at lIberty to vary these where local circumstances require.

Referee Timekeeper Judge Timekeeper's recorder Judge's stewards Chief Funnel Judge Starter Funnel Controller Competitors'stewards Funnel Judge and recorder Technical Manager Funnel stewards Umpires and Pointsmen Disc distributors Press steward Disc area stewards Prize steward Result recorder(s) NOTE.-l.A.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:-For the organisation of the above competitions held annually, to which all l.A.A.F. Members are invited, separate technical rules . have been approved by the Cross Country Committee and published by the I.A.A.F. Bureau.

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SECTION IV JUMPING EVENTS RULE 171 High Jump Competition Rules

I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot.

2.-Knocking the bar off the supports, or touching the ground including the landing area beyond the plane of the \! upright between ?r outside the uprights, with any part of the body wIthout cleanng the bar shall count as a failure.

3.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7).

4.-.Before the commencement of competitions in jumping for heIght, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the¡ commencing height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round.

11 .Once a competition has begun, competitors are not perI Imtted to use the runway or take-off area for practice purposes.

5.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties".

6.-A rt;lay jumping at any height above the mInImUm heIght and may Jump at his own discretion Three failures, regardless at any of the heIght at WhICh any of such faIlures occur disqualify from further jumping. ' .NOTE.-The of this rule is that a competitor may forgo hIS second or thlrd]umps at a particular height (ajter failingfirst or second time) and stil/jump at a subsequent height.

7.-¡Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the heiO'ht has been 0

NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front.

8.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a c?mpetitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has forfeited hIS fIght to compete further.

106 RULE 171

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The heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after consulting the wishes of the competitor.

9.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landing area has become unsuitable.

In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. .

1O.-Marks. A competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross bar for sighting purposes.

The Runway and Take-off Area

11.-The length of the ruLlway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 15 metres (49 ft.).

NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be -shorter than 18 metres (59ft.).

12.-The take-off area must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the track or the take-off area must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat.

B.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall not exceed 1:100 and in the running direction 1: 1000.

A maximum inclination of 1:250 is permitted in the case of a synthetic run-up and take-off area.

Apparatus 14.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid.

They should be sufficiently tall so as to exceed the maximum height to which the cross-bar can be raised by at least 100 millimetres (4 in.).

The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 ft.) nor more than 4.02 metres (13 ft. 2tin.)..

15.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section.

The cross-bar shall be between 3.64 metres and 4 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.2kg.

Each side of the triangular bar shall measure 3Omm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. It complies with requirements ifit passes with only a small tolerance through a triangular cut-out of the specified dimensions.

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The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 30mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 30mm x 150mm-200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports on the uprights.

The cross-bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300mm (1 ft) long.

Those posts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be may not be covered with rubber or any other matenal WhICh has the effect of increasing the friction.

16.-Supports for cross-bar. The support for the cross-bar be flat and 40 millimetres (1 tin.) wide and 60 m111.Imetres (2* m.) long. They shall each face the opposite upnght and the ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is touched by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, forwards or The supports may not be covered WIth rubber or WIth any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between the surfaces of the.cross-bar and the supports. Nor may they have any kind of They must be firmly fixed to the uprights during the Jump.

17.-There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (t in.) between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights.

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,HIGH JUMP UPRIGHTS. CROSSBAR AND SUPPORTS

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150 - 200mm---7i

I

PLAN VIEW

_

PLAN VIEW END OF CROSSBAR

SUPPORT FOR CROSSBAR

CORNERS ROUNDED OFF

f-'A

.

. [""'1---"\ . :,

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,

,

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,

,

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!'-30mm-'(

o

-30mm->:

TRIANGULAR ALTERNATIVE ENDS FOR CIRCULAR BAR CROSS-SECTIONS Of CROSSBARS

18.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.) long by 4 metres (13 ft. 1tin.) wide.

108

RULE 172 Pole Vault Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Before the competition begins, the Judges shall anto the competitors the commencing height and the dIfferent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round.

3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his vaults subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties".

4.-A competitor may commence vaulting at any height above the minimum height and may vault at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures, (see Para.

- 9) regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify from further vaulting.

NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third vaults at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height.

5.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared.

NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside andfront of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front.

6.-Even after all the other competitors have failed a competitor is entitled to continue vaulting until he has forfeited his right to compete further.

The heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after consulting the wishes of the competitor.

7.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 0.60 metres (2 ft.) from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the uprights are moved, the Judges should make a re-measurement to ensure that there is no variation in the height. See also Rule 145 for measurements.

8-.-Competitors are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands or on the 11 pole, in order to obtain a better grip. .109 RULE 172

The use of a forearm cover to prevent injuries shall be allowed.

The use of tape on the hands or fingers shall not be aliowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound.

9.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or (c) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (d) before taking off touches, with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground including the landing area beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard.

1O.-If in making an attempt the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not be counted as a failure.

11.-N 0 one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights. Ifit is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure.

Vaulting Pole

The Runway, Take-off and Landing Area

13.-The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres (131 ft.).

NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be .. shorter than 45 metres (147 ft.). The runway shall have a 11 minimum width of 1.22 metres.

11 14.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1:1000.

IS.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed m any pit or landing area.

Once a competition has begun, competitors are not per- 11 mitted to use runways for practice purposes.

11 - 16.-The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box 11 made of some suitable rigid material and which shall be sunk tI level with the ground. (See paragraph 21.)

17.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.). ,

5-0 m--------,.)\

12. -Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of the owner.

The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness.

This restriction does not however apply to binding the b?ttom end of the pole with protective layers of tape for a dIstance of about 0.30 metres (1 ft.), to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box.

5-0m Plan ofa Suitable Landing Area

The Runway, Take-off and Landing.Area

13.-The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length prQvided for the runway shall be 40 metres (131 ft.).

NOTE.-" Where conditions permit the runway should not ,be shorter than 45 metres (147ft.). The runway shall havf!?. a minimum width of 1.22 metres.

110

-1'- -

about 1-3 m

'--

._ ::Y

III

_

- - -

-

_

..

Apparatus 18.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid.

The distance between the uprights or between the extension arms where such are used, (See para. 19) shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 ft.) or more than 4.37 metres (14 ft. 4 in.) wide.

(See para. 19.)

75mm

n

13mm MAXIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH

The cross-bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 mm. (1 ft.) long.

Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be I smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other I material which has the effect of increasing the friction.

20.-Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres.(1 in.) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 in.) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area.

The pegs may not be covered with rubber or with any other 11 material which has the effect of increasing the friction.

11 NOTE.-To lessen the chance of injury of a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar. (See diagram).

J ALTERNATIVE POLE VAULT SUPPORTS

11

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

POLE VAULT EXTENSION ARMS

19.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be off wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section.

The cross-bar shall be between 3.86 metres (12 ft. 8 in.) and 4.52 metres (14 ft. 10 in.). The maximum weight of the crossbar shall be 2.5 kg.

Each side of the triangular bar shall measure 30mm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. It complies with requirements if it passes with only a small tolerance through a triangular cut-out of specified dimensions.

The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm. but not more than 30 mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 30 mm x 150 mm.-200 m. is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports on the uprights.

112

113

21.-Box. This shall be constructed of some suitable rigid material, sunk level with the ground and shall be 1 metre in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 600 millimetres in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 in.) in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105째. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres at the point where it meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and end next to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120째 to the base.

11

-''''mm=

600lsteel Lining for mm !' aoo

Wooden

Box

!I !

1.

--.;

120째,째1

mtJ

150 408

i

PLAN

VIEW

VERTICAL SECTION

POLE VAULT BOX

RULE 173 Long Jump Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties".

3.-\yhere there are more than eight competitors, each shall be three trials and the eight competItors WIth the best Jumps shall be allowed three additional In the event of a tie* for eighth place, any competitor so tymg shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be aJlowed six trials. * Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied.

Failures 4.-It shall be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line so as to leave a visible impression on the plasticine, (or other suitable material, soft earth or sand) with any part of the body, running up without jumping or in the act of Jumpmg; (b) takes off from either side of the board, whether beyond or behind the take-off line extended; (c) in the course of landing, touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump; (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area; (e) employs any form of somersaulting if) uses of weights or grips of any kind.

5.-If a competitor takes off before reaching the board it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure.

If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5 millimetres (0.1 in.) sheet metal for a distance of 800 millimetres (2ft. 7tin.) from the front of the box.

The Runway 6.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres.

The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres (131 ft.).

114

115

RULE 173

NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres (147 ft.).

7.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction I: 1000.

8.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in any pit or landing area. li 9.-Qnce a competition has begun, competitors are not Ii permitted to use runways for practice purposes.

Take-off Board 1O.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. This 11 plasticine indicator board shall be so constructed as to rise i from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30° in the direction of the runway, to a maximum height above the take11 11 off board of 10 mm-l3 mm including the layer of plasticine.

If it is not possible to install the above apparatus the following method should be adopted: immediately in front of the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 100 millimetres (4 in.) the ground shall be sprinkled with soft !! earth or sand, at an angle ot 30 to the horizontal.

I I.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres (32 ft. 10 ins.).

I2.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre (3 ft.

3 in.) from the edge of the landing area. l3.-Constructio.n. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.21 m to 1.22 m (4 ft.) long, 198 mm to 202 mm wide and maximum 100 mm (4 in.) deep. It shall be painted white.

11 14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid 11 board, 98 mm-102 mm wide and 1.21 m-1.22 m long, covered with plasticine on the top surface. The board shall be mounted 11, in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off 11 board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, 11 the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full 116 P 11

force of the athlete's foot.

The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid.

The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors.

NOTE.-It is recommended that the board, which may be of any suitable rigid material, should have a maximum overall thickness of 25'mm, including the plasticine, at the side next to the take-off board and 38 mm at the side nearer to the landing area.

The top surface shall rise at an angle of 30° to the horizontal from the side next to the take-off board, to give an increase in thickness of 10 mm-13 mm maximum. The overall thickness remains constant from this point, with the top surface horizontal.

-When mounted in the recess in the runway, the top surface should be exactly level with the take-off board on the side next to it and 13 mm maximum above the track surface on the side nearer to the landing area.

The top surface ofthe board shall be covered with plasticine or a suitable material (suggested thickness of about 3 mm) , except that along the edge nearer the landing area, it may have a lip to provide an edging to the soft plasticine.

Plasticine .. .... 3.rn.mT

!

100 mm

Plasticine Board Take Off Board

max I I

i J-

----l

NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed.

Landing Area and Measuring I5.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 ft.) and the runway shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of the runway when extended coincides with the middle of the landing area.

117

_.-

.-.-

---

- - -

16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line and at right angles to such line. l7.-In order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump, it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is described below.

CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LONe AND TRIPLE JUMP METAL

FACE

AREA

T....KE OFF BOARD

'lOP OF SlDE WALL

SCRAPER aoARO

RULE 174 Triple Jump Competition Rules

I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties".

3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying* shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. *Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied.

4.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor lands first upon the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the other foot, from which subsequently the jump is performed.

5.-Ifthe competitor while jumping touches the ground with the "sleeping" leg it shall be considered as a failure.

RULE 174

118

6.-In all other respects the rules defining a failure for the Long Jump shall apply. (Rule 173 para 4 and para 5).

The Runway

7.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres. of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length The proVIded for the runway shall be 40 metres (131 ft.).

NOTE.- Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 '!letres (147 ft.).

8.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1: 1000. marks shall be placed on the runway, but a may marks (supplied by the Organising CommIttee) alongsIde the runway. No marks shall be placed in the landing area. .Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permItted to use runways for practice purposes.

Take-off Board

10.-The take-off shall be marked bv a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area, and placed at least 13 metres (42 ft.) from the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. Immediately before the take-off line, there shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable material for recording the athlete's footprints when he has foot-faulted.

This plasticine indicator board shall be so constructed as to rise level of the take-off board at an angle of 30° in the dIrectIon of the runway, to a maximum height above the takeoff board of 10 mm-l 3 mm including the layer of plasticine.

If is not possible to install the above apparatus, the should be adopted:-immediately in front of followmg the take-off Ime and across all the lenoth of it over a width of 100 millimetres (4 in.) the ground shall be sprinkled with soft to the horizontal. earth or sand, at an angle of (NOTE.-For construction details of Take-off Board and No Jump Indicator Board, see Rule 173 . 'Long Jump" paragraphs 13 and 14).

Landing Area and Measuring

See Rule 173 "Long Jump" paragraphs 15-17 as in all respects the same regulations apply for the Triple Jump.

119

III

SECTION V THROWING EVENTS RULE 181 Putting the Shot Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight be three competitors with the best additional trials. In the event of a tie tor eighth place, thIS shall not be decided and any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed trials.. .

At the competition ground, each competitor may, If have two practice trials but no more. These should be made m order of the draw, and (fompetitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 2).

11 Once a competition has begun,. are not 11 mitted to use the circle or ground wlthm the sector for practIce trials, with or without implements.

11 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his 11 puts subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties".

4.-'The put shall be made from a At the middle of the circumference, in the front half of the cIrcle, a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to groun,d. or some The putting area shall consIst of cmders suitable material on which the shot makes an Impnnt.

5.-A competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position inside the circle.

The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only.

At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximit.y to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below thIS position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders.

6.-A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the stop board.

It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to RULE 181 120

.r

make a throw, touches with any part of his body the gro.und outside the circle, the top of the iron band, stop-board or cIrcle or impraperly releases the shot in making any Provided that in the course of a trial the foregomg rules, have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial started, lay his implement down, return to a statIOnary posltlOn and begin a fresh trial, proyided there shall not be more than one such interruptlOn m each tnal.

7.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall from a standing position, leave the circle the hal,fwhlch shall be indicated by a chalk line or by a pamted hne (wIdth 0.05 m), drawn through the centre and circle I?-0t less than 0.75 m (30 in.) on each sIde. OutsIde cIrcle, the can be made of paint, wood or some other The competitor his step outside the cucle behmd 'I the line in questIOn or ItS extenslOn. I 8.-For a valid trial, the implement must fall so that the point of impact within the inner edges of lines 0.05 metres (2 in.) wide, marking a sector of 45° set out <?n the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the cIrcle.

The ends of the lines marking the sector should be marked with sector flags.

NOTE.-The sector flag should be entirely of metal. It should be rectangular in shape, measure approximately 20 x 40 cm, and be not less than 60 cm in length, above the ground. The standard should be approximately 8 mm in diameter.

9.-The maximum allowance for the inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1:1000. . 11 10.-The measurement of each put shall be made Immediately after the put from the nearest mark made by fall of the shot, to the inside of the circumference of the cIrcle, along a line from the mark made by the shot to the centre ofthe circle. !he 1I.-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided to existing World Record and when appropriate¡ the eXlstmg national record.

12.-At Olympic Games, the World.Cup and or Group Games or Championships, only provIded by the Organisers may be used, and no modIfic.atlOn can be to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permItted 121

11

11

to take any implement into the arena.

At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

13 (a).-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. The use of tape on the wrist will be allowed only upon production of a certificate given by the official doctor for the meeting. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material.

14.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle.

15.-After a put has been completed, the shot must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back.

Construction of S h o t . ' 16.-The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. l7.-It shall conform to the following specifications: Shot Weight Minimum Diameter Minimum Maximum

Men 7.26 kg (16 lb.)

110 mm 130 mm

Women 4 kg (8 lb. 13 oz.)

95 mm 110mm

Construction of Shot Circle ,] 18.-,Construction. Circles shall be made ofband iron, steel or other suitable material; the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside.

122

The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20 mm (0.75 in.) ± 6 mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle.

A portable circle meeting with these specifications is permissible.

19.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall measure 2.135 m (± 5 mm).

The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) in thickness and shall be painted white. '

1-- 0'75m IInN>mumI

,

Stop Board 20. -.Construction. The board shall be made of wood or some other suitable material in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground.

2l.-Measurements. The board shall measure 1.21 m to 1.23 m long on the inside, 112 mm to 116 mm wide and 98 mm to 102 mm high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle 22.-Finish. The board shall be painted white.

3

mm-li

"'t" Surface of

cyle

98-

102

Stop Board

m1m 14-26 mm-.:.t'·.r

Ground Level

' , - - -

123

- - - - - _ . - - - -

-----------

RULE 182 Throwing the Discus Competition Rules

I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, this shall not be decided and any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2).

At the competition ground, each competitor may, ifpossible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. " Once a competition has begun, competitors are not perIl mitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements.

11 3.-Eachcompetitor shall be credited with the best of all his 11 throws, subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties n.

4.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle. The competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position.

5.-The competitor is allowed to touch the inside edge of the circle.

It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top edge of the circle or improperlyreleases the discus in making any attempt.

Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, lay his implement down, return to a stationary position and begin a fresh trial, provided that there shall not be more than one such interruption in each trial.

6.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. He shall then, from a standing position, leave the circle from the rear half which shall be indicated by a chalk line or by a painted line (width 0.05 m), drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle not RULE 182

124

less than 0.75 m (30 in.) on each side. Outside circle, the can be made of paint, wood or some The his step outsIde the CIrcle behmd 11 the hne m questIOn or ItS extensIOn. 7.-For a valid trial, the implement must fall so that point of impact is within the .inner edges of lines 50 mm (2 m.) wide marking a sector of 45° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle.

The ends of the lines marking the sector should be marked with sector flags.

See Note to Rule 181 para. 8. for sector flag construction.

8.-The maximum allowance for the inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1:1000.

9.-The measurement of each throw shall be made im-II mediately after the throw from the I'!:earest mark made br the 11 fall of the discus to the inside of the cIrcumference of the CIrcle, 11 along a line the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle.

10.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. .

A distinctive flag or disc shall also be to !he existing World Record and when appropnate the eXlstmg national record. / l1.-At Olympic Games, Wor!d Cup and or Group Games or Championships, only proVIded by the Organisers may be used, and no modIfic.atIon can be to them during the competition. No competItor shall be permItted to take any implement into the arena. .

At meetings between two or mo.re Members, competItors may use their own implements, proVIded these are checked. marked as approved by the Organisers before the competItIon and made available to all competitors.

12 (a) .-No device of any kind-e.g. the of or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competItor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. The use of tape the will be alloweq only upon production of a certIficate gIven by the official doctor for the meeting.

125

(b) The use of gloves is not allowed.

( c) In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. (d) In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material.

13.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle.

14.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back.

Construction of the Discus I5.-Construction: The body of the Discus shall be made of wood, or other suitable material, with a metal rim, the edge of which shall be rounded in a true circle. There may be circular plates set flush into the centre of the sides. Alternately the Discus may be made without metal plates, provided that the equivalent area is flat and the measurements and total weight of the implement correspond to the specifications.

Each side of the Discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, ptojections or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle of a radius 25 mm (1 in.) min. 28.5 mm max. from the centre of the Discus.

I6.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Discus Weight

Men I kg

Outside diameter Min. of metal rim Max.

2I9mm 221 mm

180 mm 182mm

Diameter of Metal plate or flat centre area

Min. Max.

50 mm 57 mm

50mm 57mm

Min. Max.

44 mm 46 mm

37 mm 39 mm

Min.

I2mm

I2mm

Thickness of Rim (6 mm from edge)

126

i

f--

DISCUS

50-57mm

I

- l__ I

c:

-1-

. t-

Men 219-221.mm.

Women 180-182mm

Q)

c: Cl)

E o

I

Construction of Discus Circle 17.-Circles shall be made of band iron, steel other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush WIth the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery The surface of this interior shall be level and 20 mm (0.75 m.)Âą 6 mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle.

I8.-Measurements. The circle shall measure 2.50 metres (Âą5 mm) inside diameter. The rim of the circle shal.l be at 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) in thickness, and shall be pamted whIte.

Women

2 kg

Thickness over flateentre area or metal plates

Min.

r=6mm_1

75m O' (mIn1l1lUm)

I_O'75m

r- (minimum)

127

-l

- - -

RULE 183 Discus or Hammer Throwing Cage I.-All discus and hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials, and competitors.

2.-The design of a cage suitable for ensuring this safety is extremely difficult and depends on many factors. The cage described below has been used extensively in the past and found to be satisfactory in normal circumstances. More advanced designs have been approved by the LA.A.F. Technical Committee and details are available on request from the LA.A.F. Bureau 3.-Dimensions The cage should be C-shaped in plan, the diameter being 7 metres with the opening through which the throw is made 6 metres wide. The height should not be less than 3.35 metres but preferably should be at least 4 metres.

Framework.-A wire cable, or a series of metal struts, is suspended at a height of not less than 3.35 metres and preferably 4 metres aboye the ground in the shape of a letter C. The radius of the C is 3.5 metres with the open end 6 metres wide. The cable, or series of struts, is supported in a horizontal plane by eight metal supports, made in the shape of gallows, so that the C shape is formed by seven straight panels, each 2.74 metres wide.

Netting.-A net 19.2 metres (63 ft.) long and 0.3 metres (1 f1.) wider than the height of the struts, made of cord of suitable strength with 50 millimetres (2 in.) meshes, is suspended from the wire cable or series of metal struts. The lower edge of the net resting on the ground turns inwards towards the centre of the C, and to it are attached at regular intervals sandbags each weighing approximately 13.5 kilogrammes (30 lb.).

Erection.-The eight metal supports are set into the ground either with spikes or permanent sockets. The sockets should be sunk to a depth of approximately 0.30 metres (1 ft.) and provided with covers for use when the supports are removed.

The supports and suspended nets are kept in position by wire ropes attached to ground spikes.

RULE 183

128

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RULE 184 Throwing the Hammer Competition Rules

i.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-\yhere there are more than eight competitors, each competItor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional. trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, this shall not be decIded and any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials.

At the ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practIce tnals but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 (2). .Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permItted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements.

3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws, subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 11 "Ties".

4.-Gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted.

The gloves must be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, i.e. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed.

No device of any kind--e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed.

The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the J?eed t.o cover an open cut or wound. The use of tape on the wnst wIll be allowed only upon production of a certificate given by the official doctor for the meeting.

In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material.

In order to obtain a better grip, competitors in throwing the hammer are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. . A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the cIrcle.

RULE 184 130

5.-The Hammer must be thrown from a circle. The must commence the throw from a stationary posItion. in his starting position prior to the prehmmary swmgs or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle.

A competitor is allowed totouch the inside edge of the circle.

6.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the the ground when the competitor makes the prehmmary swmgs or turns; but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again this shall count as a trial throw. ' 7.-It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to a touches with any part of his body the ground .outsIde the cIrcle, the top edge of the circle or if he improperly releases the hammer in making any attempt.

8.-Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infri!1ged, a competitor may interrupt a trial started, lay hIS hammer down, return Jo a stationary posItIOn and begin a fresh trial, provided that there shall not be more than one such interruption in each trial. . 9.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, It shall not count as a throw, provided it was made in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and commits a foul, it shall not count against him.

1O.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the hammer has touched the ground, and he shall then, from a standing position, leave the circle from the rear half which shall be indicated by a chalk line or by a painted line (width 0.05 m), drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle not less than 0.75 m (30 in.) on each side. Outside the circle, the line can be made of paint, wood or some other suitable material.

The competitor shall take his first step outside the circle behind the line in question or its extension. . 11.-Hammers must be carried back to the starting line or cIrcle and never thrown back. .

Measuring the Throw

12.-For a valid trial, the hammer must fall so that the point of impact is within the inner edges oflines 50 millimetres (2 in.)

131

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wide marking a sector of 45° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle.

The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags.

See sector flag specifications Rule 181 para. 8 (Note).

B.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle.

14.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. .

A distinctive flag or disc shall also be to mar.k existing World Record and when appropnate the eXIstmg national record.

Construction of a Hammer Circle 15.-Construction: Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside.

The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery The surface ofthis interior shall be level and 20 mm (0.75 m.)±6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle.

Measurements .-The inside diameter of the circle shall be . . . .

2.135 metres (7 ft.) (±5 mm).

The rim ofthe circle shall be at least 6 mIllImetres (0.25 m.) m thickness and shall be painted white.

may use their own hammers, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

The Construction of the Hammer 18.-The hammer shall copsist of three parts: a metal head, a wire and a grip 19.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than ·brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material. It must be completely spherical in shape.

If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) from the centre of the sphere.

20.-Wire. The wire shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 millimetres in -diameter or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge, and shall be. such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. !'--Approx 110

The Throwing Field 16.-The maximum allowance for the inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1:1000.

A suitable grip is illustrated above.,

Hammers to be used 17 .-At Olympic Games and Area or Group or Championships, only hammers provided by the may be used, and no modification can be to them dunng the competition. No competitor shall be permItted to take any hammer into the arena.

At meetings between two or more Members, competitors

2l.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind. It must not stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the wire in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the wire to increase the overall length of the hammer.

132

133

22.-Connection. The wire shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be plain or ball bearing.

The grip shall be connected to the WIre by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used.

23.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight complete as thrown Minimum 7.26 kg (16 lb.)

Length of Hammer measuredfram inside ofgrip Minimum 1175 mm Maximum 1215 mm Diameter of head Minimum Maximum

102 mm 120 mm

Centre ofgravity of head Not more than 6 mm (0.25") from the centre of the sphere, e.g.-It must be possible to the less handle grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged CIrcular onfice 12 mm (0.5 ) in diameter (see diagram).

SUGGESTED APPARATUS FOR TESTING CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF HAMMER HEAD (not to sea le) e.G. 0=12mm

KNIFE

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134

RULE 185 Throwing the Javelin Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7).

2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, the tie shall not be decided and any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials.

At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in -order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 (2).

Once a compt::tition has begun, competitors are not per- 11 mitted to use the runway or ground within the sector for 11 practice trials, with or without a javelin.

3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws, subject to conditions relating to ties. Rule 146.

4.-N 0 device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed.

The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case ofthe need to cover an open cut or wound. The use of tape on the wrist will be allowed only upon production of a certificate given by the official doctor for the meeting.

In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may I wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material.

I In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to I use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance 11 on their hands only. .

The use of gloves is not allowed.

I

Requirements for a Valid Throw 5.-(a) The javelin must be held at the grip. It shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung nor hurled. Non-orthodox styles are not permitted.

135

RULE 185

(b) No throw shall be valid on which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelm. (c) A competitor may not cross either of the parallel lines. (d)It is a foul throw if the competitor touches, with any part of his body or limbs, the strip (see paragraph 6), or the lines drawn from the extremities l hereo I at right angles to the parallel lines, or the ground beyond the strip or those lines.

I (e) At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing I 11 arc. (t) A competitor shall not leave the runway until the javelin has touched the ground. He shall then, from a standing position, leave the runway from behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremities of the arc. (see paragraph 8). (g) If the javelin breaks at any time in the course of the throw, it shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules.

6.-A foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a trial, but shall not count.

7.-J avelins must be carried back to the starting line and never thrown back.

The Runway 8.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36.5 metres (120 ft.) but not less than 30 metres and shall be marked by two parallel lines 50 millimetres in width and 4 metres apart.

The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres; such arc shall consist of a strip made of paint, wood or metal 70 millimetres in width, painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1.50 metres in length and 70 millimetres in width.

The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1: I00 and the inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000.

NOTE.-It is recommended that the runway should be not less than 33.5 metres (110 ji.).

9.-No mark shall be placed on the runway, but competitors may place marks-supplied by the Organising Committee-at the side of the runway.

136

JAVELIN RUNWAY. THROWING SECTOR 137

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Measurements 1O.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines 50 mm wide marking the sector, set out on the ground by extending the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. See Rule 181 para.2.

Sectors may be marked at. e.g. 30 m, 50 m, 70 m. l1.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin to the inside edge of the arc along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part.

12.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines.

A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark existing Records e.g. World or National records.

Implements to be used , B.-At Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships, only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena.

At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own implements, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

Construction 14.-The javelin shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft may be constructed of either wood or metal and it shall have fixed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp point.

15-The cord shall be about the centre of gravity without thongs, notches or indentations of any kind on the shaft, and shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (1 in.). The binding shall be of uniform thickness.

16.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout and the maximum diameter thereof shall be under the grip.

From the grip the javelin shall taper gradually to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The line from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved, but 138

the cU.fve. must gradual and there must be no abrupt alteratIOn 10 the dIameter of the section throughout the length of the javelin.

N<:HE.-W,hilst the cross section should be circular, a I m.axlmum difjerence between the biggest and the smallest I dzameter.of the oval of5 per cent is permitted. The mean value of 2 dzamet.ers must correspond to the specification given for a I Circular Javelm.

17.-It shall conform to the following specifications: It

Javelin

-

Men

Women

Weight inclusive of cord grip

Min.

800 g

600 g

Overall length

Min. Max.

2.60 m 2.70m

2.20 m 2.30 m

Length of metal head

Min. Max.

250 mm 330 mm

250 mm 330 mm

Distance from tip of metal head to centre of gravity

Min. Max.

0.90 m 1.10 m

0.80 m 0.95 m

Diameter of shaft at thickest point

Min. Max.

25 mm 30 mm

20 mm 25 mm

Width of cord grip

Min. Max.

l50mm 160 mm

140 mm 150 mm

18.-The .shall have no mobile parts or other WhICh dunng the throw could change its centre of gravIty or throwing characteristics.

19.-The tapering of the shaft from the maximum diameter to tip of the metal.head or to the rear tip shall be such that the at the mIdpoint between the end of the cord grip eIther tIp shall not exceed 90 per cent of the maximum of the shaft and that at a point 150 millimetres from eIther tIp 80 per cent of the maximum diameter.

139

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SECTION VI RULE 191 Walking I.-Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained.

At each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground.

During the period ofeach step in which a foot is on the ground, the leg must be straightened (i.e. not bent at the knee) at least for one moment, and in particular, the supporting leg must be straight in the vertically upright position.

2.-Judging and Disqualifications. The appointed Judges of walking shall elect a Chief Judge. All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity. When, in the opinion of (a) two of the Judges, one being the Chief Judge or (b) three Judges other than the Chief Judge. a competitor's mode of progression fails to comply with the definition during any part of the competition, he shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. In a competition either directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify.

3.-Effect may be given to any such disqualification immediately after the conclusion of the competition, if circumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification.

4.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mode of progression he is in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of contact; but he is not entitled to a second caution.

The decision to caution a competitor shall be made under the same procedure as for disqualification set out in paragraph 2.

5.-hrtrack races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road races t1;le disqualified competitor must immediately after his disqualification, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing.

141

RULE 191

NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by redflag be used as far as possible during a walking race for the information of the officials, competitors and spectators.

6.-ln all international races of more than 20 kilometres (or 12 miles), refreshments shall be provided by the organisers, and I refreshment stations shall be arranged at 5 kilometres or 3 II miles, and thereafter at every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be carried or taken by any competitor other than that provided or agreed by the organisers. A competitor may submit to them the type of refreshment desired and this, if approved, must then be handed in to the Organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available atthe stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification.

In races of more thaIil 20. km, the Organisers may, at their discretion and to prevent "general distress to competitors, supply additional sponging points after 10 kilometres or 6 miles where water only shall be supplied. In 20 km events, sponging points only may be provided after 5 km, 10 km and 15 km.

7.-ln the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions.

8.-For the Olympic Games and Area Championships or Games, the circuit for the 20 kilometre event should be a maximum of 3000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1500 metres.

9.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships Walking races, the organisers must where possible give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic.

NOTE.-A booklet "Guidance for Walking Judges", produced by the I.A.A.F. Walking Committee with the aim of bringing about a better understanding of the sport of race walking, is available from the I.A.A.F. Bureau-see publications list.

142

RULE 192 International Walking Competition for the "Lugano" Trophy competition will be conducted by a Sub-Committee appomted by the Walking Committee of the I.A.A.F. in accordance with Rules approved by Congress.

SECTION VII

COMBINED COMPETITIONS RULE 195 Pentathlon and Decathlon MEN I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall be held in the following order: long jump; throwing the javelin; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1500 metres.

2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -1.00 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high Jump and 400 metres.

Second day-11O metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1500 metres.

WOMEN 3.-The Pentathlon for women consists of five events which shall be held either on one day or on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -100 metres hurdles; putting the shot; high jump.

Second day-long jump; 800 metres.

GENERAL 4.-At the discretion of the Referee, there shall be whenever possible, an interval of at least 30 minutes between the time one event ends and the next event begins, for any individual athlete.

5.-The order of competing may be draw'n before each separate event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres H,urdles and 110 metres Hurdles events, the competitors compete In groups as decided by the Referee, so that preferably three or more competitors and never less than two are in each Group.

143

I

RULES 192, 195

In the 800 metres in the Women's Pentathlon, one group should consist of those competitors occupying the leading at the end of 4 events.

I positions In the 1500 metres in the Decathlon, the Heats may be made I up and a draw made as and when competitors become available from the previous event. One Group should preferably consist of the leading competitors at the end of nine II events. The Referee shall have power to rearrange any Group, I if in his opinion it is desirable.

6.--The LA.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, and these two disagree, the longer time of the two shall be adopted as official. Alternatively times may be recorded by an approved electrical timekeeping device. (c) In the running trials and the hurdles, a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts.

7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event.

In the 100 metres and 110 metres Hurdles (Decathlon) and 100 metres Hurdles and 800 metres (Women's Pentathlon), times shall be given to 1/100th of a second where electrical timing is in operation, and scored by using the appropriate LA.A.F. Scoring Tables to I/lOOth second.

8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the LA.A.F. Scoring Table.

9.-ln the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who in the greater number of events has received more points I than the other competitor/competitors tying. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in any such events. This shall apply to ties for any place in the competition.

10.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the five events of the Pentathlon or in one of the ten events of the Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the following event but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure in the final classification.

144

11

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DIVISION IV

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS RULE 301 World Championships shall be held at such times as Congress decides.

RULE 302 Events The World Championships shall comprise the following events: Men. -100 metres; 200 metres; 400 metres; 800 metres; 1,500 metres; 5,000 metres; 10,000 metres; 110 metres Hurdles; 400 metres Hurdles; 3,000 metres Steeplechase; 20 km Walk; 50 km "Walk; 4 x 100 metres Relay; 4 x 400 metres Relay; Marathon; High Jump; Long Jump; Triple Jump; Pole Vault; Shot; Discus; Hammer; Javelin; Decathlon.

(24 events) Women.-lOO metres; 200 metres; 400 metres; 800 metres; 1,500 metres; 3,000 metres; 100 metres Hurdles; 4 x 100 metres Relay; 4 x 400 metres Relay; High Jump; Long Jump; Shot; Discus; Javelin; Pentathlon.

(15 events) RULE 303 Entries Individual Events Every country is entitled to enter one competitor for each event regardless of standard attained, but if second or third competitors are entered, all must have achieved the listed entry standards. Not more than three competitors may be entered for any individual event.

Each country may enter up to three participants in the Marathon Race and in the 20 km Walk, and the 50 km Walk.

Minimum standards are not required for these events.

No substitute competitors may be entered in 'the individual events.

145

RULES 301-303

.---------

Team Events .Eyery country may enter one team for each relay race; mInImUm standard do not apply. . Six competitors may be entered for each relay. From these SIX, from any <;>ther competitors already entered for any In the ChampIOnships, four competitors to start must be nommated on the day specified for the declaration of runners.

Time Limits Time limits for entries, individual entries by name, and fi.!lal declarCl:tIOn of runners shall be published in the AthletIcs RegulatIons issued by the Organising Committee.

RULE 304 Entry Standards

The LA.A.F. <;ounc:il shall publish, at least 12 months before the ChampIOnshIps, the performances which must have the previous 12 months by any athlete been achieved entered. No entry WIll be accepted unless the performance laid .by the has been accomplished under the condItions reqUIred for the recognition of National Records.

RULE 305 Qualification Trials

(i) Where in any <;>f the throwing or jumping events the entnes exceeds 18, a qualifying round shall number be held pnor to the competition proper. (ii) No athlete shall participate in the competition proper unless has the standard prescribed by the CouncIl m the qualIfyIng round; but if in any event less than 12 competitors reach the qualifying standard, then the first 12 athletes and any athlete tying for the 12th place shall take part in the competition proper. (iii) In each qualifring round, each competitor shall be allowed three tnCl:ls, but the performances accomplished shall not be cOJ?-sIdered part of the competition proper.

Once a competItor has reached the qualifying standard he shall not make any more trials.

RULES 304-305

146

RULE 306 Technical Requirements

World Championships shall be held in a stadium provided with an all-weather track with eight lanes.

Fully automatic electrical timing and photo-finish installations must be proviqed by the Organising Committee and shall be used for the competitions. Starting blocks must be with approved false-start detection apparatus for the aSSIstance of starters.

Electronic measuring equipment must be used for the Discus, Hammer and Javelin Throws.

Doping tests shall be carried out according to the provisions of the LA.A.F. anti-doping regulations currently in force. .Sex control examinations shall be performed in compliance WIth the LA.A.F Rules and procedures for participants in -Women's events.

The Organisers shall not provide for use any implements of a type which -have not been generally available for at least two years. A list of the implements to be provided, stating make and type, shall be issued two years in advance. providing their own vaulting poles in Similarly, such competitIOns may not use new types of poles which have become generally available only during the period of one year preceding the competitions.

RULE 307 Technical Delegates

Two Technical Delegates shall be appointed by the Council for each World Championships. The Technical Delegates shall work in collaboration with the Organising Committee and: (i) are responsible for ensuring that all the technical arrangements and the conduct of the competitions are in complete conformity with the Rules of the LA.A.F.; (ii) shall submit to the Council proposals for the timetable of events; (iii) shall keep the Council infprmed with progress reports whenever deemed necessary concerning decisions reached in conjunction with the Organising Committee on the arrangements for the Championships; (iv) shall check entries and arrange heats and qualifying rounds and all subsequent rounds.

147

RULES 306-307

- - -

RULE 308 Jury of Appeal The Jury shall be appointed by the Council of the LA.A.F. RULE 309 Referees, and other Officials The Counl;il of the LA.A.F. is responsible for the appointment of all Judges, Referees and other Technica:I Officials, for which proposals shall be submitted by the National Federation of the country where the World Championships are being held.

DIVISION V RULE 381 EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED Fully automatic Electrically Timed performances (E.T.) Hand Timed performances (H.T.) MEN E.T. only lOOm, 200m, 400m, 110m Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

E.T. or H.T. 800m, 1,000m, 1,500m, One Mile, 2,OOOm, 3,000m, 5,OOOm, 10,OOOm, 20,OOOm, 1 Hour, 25,000m, 30,000m, 3,000m Steeplechase.

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m, 4x 1,500m.

Walking: 20km, Two Hours, 30km, 50km.

Jumps: High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump.

Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Hammer, Javelin.

Decathlon WOMEN E.T. only lOOm, 200m, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

E.T. or H.T. 800m, 1,500m, One Mile, 3,000m.

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m.

Jumps: High Jump, Long Jump.

Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Javelin.

Pentathlon 148 RULES 308-309, 381

International Amateur Athletic Federation FOUNDED IN 1912 President: A. PAUlEN General Secretary : J. 8. HOLT

Application for a World Record - Track Event.

To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F.,

162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, LONDON SW15 2S1.

APPliCATION IS HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOllOWING INFORMATION IS SUBMITTED:- (Please type or use block

1. Event •••••.••••••••.••••.••.••••.•.•••.•..•••••.••••..•..•••.••.•••••••.•• W'en/Women

2. Record claimed {time) .•••.••••.••••..••••...••..••.•.•.••.••.•.••••..•.•..••••••••••.•• 3. Full nClTle of competitor

..

.....................................

team members are required, in the order of running.)

4. Competitor's Country {and Club where appropriate)

.

5. Date and time .•••••••.••.•.•......••....••.•..•...••.••..•.•••..•.•••••••••••..•••.•..

6. Where held {Ground, Town, Country) •••••••••...•.•.•..•••.••••..••••••..••••••..••••.••• e GUARANTEE BY REFEREE e

7. I hereby certify:That all the information recorded in this form is accurate; That all the appropriate I.A.A.F. Rules of competition were complied with.

Name of Referee (BLOCK CAPITALS) •••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• Address •••••••.•.....•.•••..•.-.•..••••••.•.•••.•••.••.•.••....•.••••••••••.••.••....•.

Si grature of Referee. • • • • . . . . •• • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . . . . • • . • • • . • • • . • .

Date •.••••••••••.•

eRECOMMENDATlON BY I.A.A.F. MEMBER COUNTRY.

8. The undersigned I.A.A. F. W'ember hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy of the within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the competitiQn were duly qualified, and recommends this application for acceptance: . • • • • • • • • • •• • • . • • • . • . • . . • . • . •

Secretary •.••.••••.••.••.••••••..•.•..•

Name o'f I.A.A.F. Member... ••••.. •••••• .•.....• .•..•.••.• ••..•..•

el. A.A. F.

Date •••••.•.••.•••.

APPROVALe

......................................

.

.

General Secretary of the I.A.A.F.

President of the I.A.A.F. Date .••.••••.••

149

----------

International Amateur Athletic Federation

- TIMEKEEPERS' CERTIFICATES - HAND TIMING9. I, the undersigned official timekeeper of the event mentioned on this form, do hereby certify that the time set opposite my signature was the exact time recorded by my watch and that the watch used by me has been certified <rid approved by my National Association.

Time........

Signature

Time........

Signature

Time........

Signature

'

FOUNDED IN 1912 President: A. PAUlEN

Address

..

Address

.

Address

.

General Secretary: J.B. HOLT

Application for a World Record - Field Event To: THE GENERAl.: SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F.,

-CHIEF TIMEKEEPER10. I confirm that the d;x,ve Timekeepers exhibited their watches to me and that the times were as stated. .............................

•• (Signature of Chief Timekeeper or Referee)

Address

",'"

.. .

was...............

Signature of Chief Timekeeper

.

..

5. Date and time •..•.•.••..•••...•.........••••. ·•••··••••·•·····•·•···•·•••·•···••·

-WIND GAUGE-

1..

.

4. Competitor's Country ••...••.•.•..••......•.....•.•..••••.•.••...••..•..•••......•.

(A Print of the Photo-Finish must be enclosed).

12. Velocity and direction of wind

Men/Women

3. Full name of competitor ..•..••.•.......•...•...•.••••........•..•••••..•••.....•.•.

and this was the official time.

Signature of Operator.....................

,

2. Record claimed (height or distance) .•......•......•.....••. , •.•••....•••••.••.. metres

11. A fully automatic electrical timing device was used.

The time recorded

APPlICATION IS HEREBY lvIADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SUBMITTED:(please type or use block capitals)

1. Event

-ELECTRICAL TIMING-

6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country) .•.••.•....•••••....••..•...•..•..••••••.•..•..•

Operator's Signature

.

• GUARANTEE BY REFEREE-

-TRACK MEASURERS' CERTIFICATE_ 13. We hereby certify that we measured with an approved held. ..

the course over which this event was

7. I hereby certify:That all the information recorded in this form is accurate;

The exact distance was:•metres

162 UPPer Richmond Road, Putney, LONDON SW152SL.

miles •••••• yds

centimetres OR

ft

ins.

yds ft ins.

The The length of one lap was ••••• metres •••••• cms OR maximum allowance for lateral inclination did not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1:1000.

That all the appropriate I.A.A.F. Rules of competition were complied with .

Name of Referee (BLOCK CAPiTALS)

· .. ·,' .. •

Si gnature of Referee. . • • • • • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . • . • • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ..

(Signature of Measurer)

(Qual ification)

(Address)

(Signature of Measurer)

(Qual ification)

(Address)

..

Address ...•..••.•..•••..••....••.•...•..........••••......•......••.....••.•..•...

Date .••.•.•..•.

_ RECOMMENDATION BY I.A.A.F. tv'fMlER COUNTRY-RESlA.T OF RACe-

within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the comPetition wer" duly

14. The names of the first three competitors and their times were as follows:1st •••••••••••••••••.••••.••••.••••••.••••••••..• ,

8. The undersigned I.A.A.F. Member hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy of the

•••••.•..••••••...••.••••.

2nd

qualified, and recommends this application for acceptance: President.. • • • • . . • • • . . • • • • • • . . • . • .• • • • . .

Secretary .•....•.••.•..•••••••.•..•...

Name of I.A.A.F. Member

·.·•· •••• ··•

Date .••.•..•••.

3rd PlEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPLICATION: a Programme of the Meeting and, for a Women's event, a certificate of sex, unless the athlete has an I.A.A. F. Certificate (Rule 141).

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: State of weather Intermediate Times Type of track or runway Press cuttings if available Condition of track or runway A Photo of the athlete.

150

_I.A.A.F.

APPROVAL-

......................................

......................................

General Secretary of the I.A.A.F.

President of the I.A.A. F.

Date •.•••••....• · .

151

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OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS AS AT 31.12.1976 Country

Holder

Record

Event

Place

Date

MEN Mexico City 14.10.68 U.S.A .

Jim Hines .

Mexico City 16.10.68 U.S.A ..

Tommie Smith .

18.10.68" Mexico City U.S.A . ..

Lee Evans Munich 7. 9.72 U.S.A ..

Rodney Milburn , ..

25. 7.76 Montreal U.S.A ..

Edwin Moses ..

Munich 10. 9.72 U.S.A .

U.S.A. National Team .

(L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart) NOTE: In accordance with the dcision taken by the l.A.A.F. Montreal Congress, for races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted.

New World Records for these events will be recognised only when the previous record is bellered by at least 0.02 sec.

100 metres 200 metres 400 metres " I !Om Hurdles 400m Hurdles 4 x lOOm Relay

.. .. . . " . ..

800 metres....................

I 000 metres I 500 metres " I mile ".............

2000 metres..................

3000 metres " 5000 metres..................

10000metres 20000 mctres I hour 25000 metres 30000 metres 3000m Steeplechase

.. .. .

9.95 19.83 43.86 13.24 47.64 38.19

.. .. . .. .. .

1:43.5 "...

2:13.9 "................

3:32.2......................

3:49.4......................

4:51.4......................

7:35.2......................

13:13.0....................

27:30.8 .."................

57:24.2....................

20,944 metres "....

(13.014 miles) ..

Ih.14:16.8 Ih.31:30.4 " .

8:08.0 ..

Alberto Juantorena Richard Wohlhuter..............

Filbert Bayi John Walker "...................

John Walker.........................

Brendan Foster Emiel PUllemans David Bedford Jos Hermens.........................

Jos Hermens.........................

Cuba U.S.A..........

Tanzania New Zealand New Zealand G.B. & N.l..

Belgium.......

G.B. & N.I..

Netherlands.

Netherlands.

25.

30.

2.

12.

30.

3.

20.

13.

I.

Montreal Oslo Christchurch Gothenburg Oslo Gateshead Brussels London Papendal Papendal

Pekka Paivarinta Jim Alder Anders Giuderud

Finland .......

G.B.&N.l..

Sweden ........

15. 5.75 5. 9.70 28. 7.76

Oulu London Montreal

.. . .

7.76 7.74 2.74 8.75 6.76 8.74 9.72 7.73 5.76 I. 5.76

Event

Holder

Record 1:21.5

4 x 200m Relay

.

4 x 400 m Relay

.

2:56.1

..

4 x bOO m Relay

.

7:08.6

.

4 x 1500 m Relay .......

14:49.0

.

20 Km Walk Two Hours Walk 50 Km Walk ....

Ih.24:45.0 27153 metres 4h.00:27.2

Country

Italian National Team .

(F. Ossola, P. Abeti, L. Benedetti, P. Mennea) University ot Tennesse .........

(L. Preyor, R. Harris, J. Morgan, R. Jones) U.S.A. National Team .........

(V. Matthews, R. Free-

Date

Place

21. 7.72

Burletta

24. 4.76

Philadelphia

20.10.68

Mexico City

13. 8.66

Wiesbaden

France .........

25. 6.65

SI. Maul' des Fosses

Germany .....

Germany Germany .....

25. 5.74 11. 5.74 8. 4.73

Hamburg Kassel Hamburg

4. 8.76 22. 6.76 18.10.68 15.10.75 10. 7.76 1. 5.76 14. 8.75 26. 7.76 29/30. 7,76

Philadelphia Eugene Mexico City Mexico City Paris San Jose Frankfurt Montreal Montreal

U.S.A

.

man,

.. ..

.. . ..

L. James, L. Evans) German National Team .......

(M. Kinder, W. Adams, D. Bogatzki, FJ. Kemper) Equipe de France ......,..........

(G. Vervoort, C. Nicolas, M. Jazy, J. Wadoux) ..

Bernd Kannenberg Berod Kannenberg .

Gerhllrd Weidner .

FIELD EVENTS High Jump Pole Vault: Long Jump Triple Jump Shot Putt Discus ,.. , Hammer

.. .

. .. . "

.

Javelin Decathlon

. ..

2.32 m (7 7n..........

Dwight Stones......................

Dave Roberts 5.70 m (18'8n 8.90 m (29'2f) Robert Beamon 17.89 m (58'8f) Joao de Oliveira Alexander Baryshnikov........

22.00 m (72'2n 70.86 m (232'6") Mac Wilkins.........................

79.30 m (260'2") Waiter Schmidt....................

Miklos Nemeth 94.58 m (310 4") 8618 points Bruce Jenner (10.94,7.22 111,15.35 m, 20.3 m, 47.51,14.84,50.04 m, 68.52

Record

Event

U.S.A U.S.A U.S.A Brazil U.S.S.R U.S.A Germany Hungary U.S.A. m, 4:12.61)

. .. . . .. . . .

'Country

Holder

Place

Date

WOMEN

.....

VI

100 metres , 200 metres 400 metres 100 m Hurdles 400 m Hurdles 4 x 100 m Relay

.. .. .. . .. .

11.01 22.21 49.29 12.59 56.51 42.50

.. .. .. . .. ..

800 metres 1500 metres 1 mile 3000 metres 4 x 200 m Relay

.. .. .. .. .

1;54.9 3:56.0 4:29.5 8:27.2 1:32.4

.. . .. .. .

4 x 400 m Relay .........

3:19.2

.

4 x 800 m Relay .........

7:52.4

VI ..

Annegret Richter. ..

Irena Szewinska ..

Irena Szewinska . ..

Annelie Ehrhardt Krystyna Kasperczik ..

G.D.R. Team .

(M. Oelsner, R. Stecher, C. Bodendorf, M. Bios) Tatyana Kazankina .

Tatyana Kazankina .

Paolo Cacchi (Pigni) ..

Lyudmila Bragina ..

G.D.R. Team ..

(G. Berend, M. Oelsner, B. Eckert, R. Stecher) G.D.R. Team .

(D. Maletzki, B. Rohde, E. Streidt, C. Brehmer) ..

U.S.S.R. Team (T. Providokhina, V. Gerasimova, S. Styrkina, T. Kazankina)

Germany Poland Poland G.D.R Poland G.D.R

. .. .. .. . ..

25.

13.

29.

8.

13.

29.

7.76 6.74 7.76 9.72 7.74 5.76'

Montreal Potsdam Montreal Munich Augsburg Karl Marx Stadt

U.S.S.R U.S.S.R Italy U.S.S.R

.. .. .. .

26.

28.

8.

7.

13.

7.76 6.76 8.73 8.76 8.76

Montreal Podolsk Viareggio College Park, Maryland Jena

U.S.S.R.......

31. 7.76

Montreal

16. 8.76

Podolsk

NOTE: In accordance with the decision taken by the LA.A.F. Montreal Congress, for races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted.

New World Records for these events will be recognised only when the previous record is bettered by at least 0.02 sec.

FIELD EVENTS High Jump Long Jump Shot Putt Discus Javelin Pentathlon

.. . . .. ..

1.96 m (6¡5!")..........

Rosemarie Ackermann Sigrun Siegl 6.99 m (22'11 f) 21.99 m (72'2") Helena Fibingerova 70.50 m (231'3") Faina Melnik Ruth Fuchs 69.12 m (226'9") 4932 points Burglinde Pollak (13.21. 15.85 m, 1.78 m, 6.47 m, 23.35)

. . .. . . .

G.D.R ..

G.D.R .

Czeclloslovakia ..

U.S.S.R G.D.R ..

G.D.R. .

8. 5.76 19. 5.76 25. 9.76 24. 4.7b

10. 7.76 22. 9.73

Dresden Dresden Opava Sochi Berlin Bonn

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS Holder

Time, Height or Distance

Event

Country

Date

Place

MEN 100 metres 200 metres 400 metres 800 metres 1500 metres 5000 metres 10 000 metres 110 m. Hurdles 400 m. Hurdles 3000 m. Steeplechase 4 x 100 m Relay

. . . . . . . . . . .

9.95 19.83 43.86 1:43.5 3:34.9 13:20.3 27:38.4 13.24 47.64 8:08.0 38.19

. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

4 x 400 m Relay

.

2:56.1

..

High Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vault..

. . . .

2.25 m (Hr) ..........

8.90 m (29ft. 2jin.)..

17.39 m (57ft. 0t in) 5.50 m (18ft. 0t ill.).

Shot Putt Discus Hammer Javelin Decathlon

. . . . .

21.32 (69ft. lltin.)..

68.28 m (224'0") 77.52 m (254'4") 94.58 m (310'3") 8618 points (10.94,7.22 m, 15.35

Event

Record

U.S.A .

Jim Hines .

Tommie Smith .

U.S.A .

Lee Evans .

U.S.A .

Alberto Juantorena .

Cuba ..

Kipchoge Keino .

Kenya .

Brendan Foster ," ..

G.B. & N.I..

Lasse Viren .

Finland .

U.S.A .

Rodney Milburn .

Edwin Moses . ..

U.S.A Anders Gilrderud .

Sweden ..

U.S.A. Team .

(L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart) U.S.A. Team .

(V. Matthews, R. Freeman L. L. Evans) Jacek Wszola Poland .

Robert Beamon....................

U.S.A .

Victor Saneyev U.S.S.R .

Wolfgang Nordwig...............

G.D.R .

Tadeusz Slusarski.................

Poland .

Anlli Kalliomilki..................

Finland .

David Roberts......................

U.S.A .

Alexander Barishnikov.........

U.S.S¡.R .

Mac Wilkins.........................

U.S.A .

Yuri Syedikh U.S.S.R .

Miklos Nemelh Hungary ..

Bruce Jenner.........................

U.S.A . m, 2.03 m, 47.51,14.84,50.04 m 4.80 m 68.52 m 4:12.6)

Holder

1968 1968 1968 1976 1968 1976 1972 1972 1976 1976 1972

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Montreal Mexico City Montreal Munich Munich Montreal Montreal Munich

1968

Mexico City

1976 1968 1968 1972 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976

Montreal Mexico City Mexico City Munich Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal

Country

Place

Best performances in events where World Records are not recognised.

20000 melres Road Walk 50000 metres Road Walk Marathon

.

Ih.24:40.6

.

.

3h.56: 11.6

.

Bernd Kannenberg

.

..

2h.09:55.0

.

Waldemar Cierpinski

.

Daniel Bautista

.

Mexico ........

1976

Montreal

Germany .....

1972

Munich

G.D.R

.

1976

Montreal

Germany .

G.D.R ..

Poland .

U.S.S.R .

U.S.S.R ..

G.D.R ..

1976 1976 1976 1976 1972 1972 1976

Montreal Montl:eal Montreal Montreal Munich Munich MOlltreal

1976

Montreal

1976 1968 1976 1976 1976 1972

Montreal Mexico City Montreal Montreal Montreal Munich

WOMEN IOU metres 200 metres 400 metres 800 metres 1500 metres 100 m Hurdles 4 x 100 m. Relay

.. . .. .. .. .. .

4 x 400 m Relay .........

High Jump Long Jump Shot Discus Javelin : Pentathlon

.. .. . . . .

11.01 22.37 49.29 1:54.9 4:01.4 12.59 42.55

.. . .. . .. . .

Annegret Richter .

Barbel Eckert ..

Irena Szewinska . ..

Tatiana Kazankina Lyudmila Bragina ..

Annelie Ehrhardt ..

G.D.R. Team .

M. Oelsner, R. Stecher, C. Bodendorl, B. Eckert 3:19.2 .

G.D.R. Team .

D. Maletzki, B. Rohde, E. Streidt, C. Brehmer 1.93 m (6.4")............

Rosemarie Ackermann .

6.82 m (22ft. 4tin)...

Viorica Viscopoleanu .

21.16 m (69¡5")........

Ivanka Christova ..

69.0U m (226'4") Evelyn Schlaak.. ..

65.94 m (216'4") Ruth Fuchs ..

4801 points Mary Pelers .

(13.29-16.20 m-l.82 01-5.98 m-24.08)

G.D.R ..

Rumania .

Bulgaria ..

G.D.R ..

G.D.R ..

G.B.&N.I..

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

WOMEN

held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Montreal 1976

MEN H. Crawford D. Quarrie V. Borzov

100 METRES (Trin.&Tob:) (Jamaica) (U.S.S.R.)

10.06 10.08 10.14

D. Quarrie M. Hampton D. Evans

200 METRES (Jamaica) (U.S.A.) (U.S.A.)

20.23 20.29 20.43

400 METRES A. Juantorena (Cuba) (U.SA) F. Newhouse (U.S.A.) H. Frazier

44.26 44.40 44.95

800 METRES (Cuba) A. Juantorena (Belgium) I. Van Damme (U.S.A.) R. Wohlhuter

WR 1:43.5 1:43.9 1:44.1

1500 METRES (New Zealand) J. Walker I. Van Damme (Belgium) ; P-H. Wellmann (Germany) 5000 METRES L. Viren (Finland) (New Zealand) D. Quax K-P Hildenbrand (Germany)

L. Viren C. S. Lopes B. Foster

10000 METRES (Finland) (Portugal) (G.B. & N.I.)

11010.

G. Drut A. Casanas W. Davenport

27:40.4 27:45.2 27:54.9

4OOm. HURDLES (U.S.A.) (U.S.A.) M. Shine E. Gavrilenko (U.S.S.R.)

WR47.64 48.69 49.45

STEEPLECHASE A. Giirdernd (Sweden) B. Malinowski (Poland) F. Baumgartl (G.D.R.)

WR 8:08.0 8:09.1 8:10.4

MARATHON (G.D.R.) (U.S.A.) (Belgium)

HIGH JUMP (Poland) (Canada) (U.S.A.)

2.25m{7'4!, 2.23m{7'4" 2.2Imj7'3"

POLE VAULT T. Slusarski (Poland) A. Kalliomaki (Finland) D. Roberts (U.S.A.)

5.5OmjI8'0!, 5.50mjI8'O" 5.50mjI8'0±'

LONG JUMP A. Robinson (U.S.A.) R. Williams (U.S.A.) F. Wartenberg (G.D.R.)

8.02mj26'4"

8. 35m/27'S' 8.llmj26'7±'

TRIPLE JUMP V. Saneyev (U.S.S.R.) 17.29mj56'8±' J. Butts (U.S.A.) 17.18mj56'4!

1. C. de Oliveira (Brazil) 16.90mj55'5±'

13:24.8 13:25.2 13:25.4

13.30 13.33 13.38

W. Cierpinski F. Shorter K. Lismont

J. Wszola G.Joy D. Stones

3:39.2 3:39.3 3:39.3

HURDLES (France) (Cuba) (U.S.A.)

E. Moses

4 x 400m RELAY 1. U.S.A. (H. Frazier, B. Brown, F. Newhouse, M. Parks) 2:58.7 2. Poland (R. Podlas, J. Werner, Z. Jaremski, 1. Pietrzyk) 3:01.4 3. Germany (F-P Hofmeister, L. Krieg, H. Schmid, B. Herrmann) 3:02.0

U. Beyer E. Mironov A. Barisnikov

SHOT (G.D.R.) (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.S.R.)

M. Wilkins W. Schmidt J. Powell

DISCUS (U.S.A.) (G.D.R.) (U.S.A.)

21.03mj69'0" 21.00 mj68' II'

67.5Omj221'5" 66.22m/217'3)

Y. Syedikh A. Spiridonov A. Bondarchuk M. Nemeth H. Siitonen G. Megelea

JAVELIN (Hungary)WR94.58m{310'J' (Finland) (Rumania) 87.16m/285' I r 20KM WALK (Mexico) (G.D.R.) (G.D.R.)

100 METRES (Germany) (G.D.R.) (Germany)

11.08 11.13 11.17 .

B. Eckert A. Richter R. Stecher

200 METRES (G.D.R.) (Germany) (G.D.R.)

22.37 22.39 22.47

1. Szewinska C. Brehmer

WR49.29

E. Streidt

400 METRES (Poland) (G.D.R.) (G.D.R.)

T. Kazankina N. Chtereva E. Zinn

800 METRES (U.S.S.R.) (Bulgaria) (G.D.R.)

WR 1:54.9

T. Kazankina G. Hotfmeister tJ. Klapezynski

1500 METRES (U.S.S.R.) (G.D.R.) (G.D.R.)

4:05.5 4:06.0 4:06.1

J. Schaller T. Anisimova N. Lebedeva

lOOm. HURDLES (G.D.R.) (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.S.R.)

12.77 12.78 12.80

R. Ackermann S. Simeoni Y. Blagoyeva

HIGH JUMP (G.D.R.) (Italy) (Bulgaria)

A. Voigt K. McMillan L. Alfeyeva

LONG JUMP (G.D.R.) 6.72mj22'Or (U.S.A.) 6.66mj21'IOf (U.S.S.R.) 6. 60mj 2 I'B"

50.51 50.55

1:55.4 1:55.6

1.93m/6·4" 1.91 mj6"Ji" 1.91mj6"3f

77.52mj254'4" 76.08mj249'1' 75.48mj247'T

Ih.24:40.6 Ih.25: 13.8 Ih.25:29.4

DECATHLON I. B. Jenner, U.S.A. WR (10.94, 7.22m, 15.35m, 2.03m, 47.51,14.84, 50.04m, 4.80m, 68.52m, 4: 12.6) ll(i18 points 2. G. Kratschmer, Germany (1O.6E, 7.39m, 14.74m, 2.03m, 48.19, 14.58, 45.70m, 4.6Om, 66.32m, 4:29.1) 8411 points 3. N. Avilov, U.S.S.R. (11,23, 7.52m, 14.81m, 2.14m, 48.16,14.20, 45.6Om, 4.45m, 62.28m, 4:26.3) 8369 points

4 x lOOm. RELAY 1. U.S.A. (H. Glance, J. Jones, M. Hampton, S. Riddick) 38.33 2. G.D.R. (M. Kokot, J. Pfeifer, K.D. Kurrat, A. Thieme) 38.66 3. U.S.S.R. (A. Aksinin, N. Kolesnikov, Y. Silov, V. Borzov) 38.78

158

1. Christova N. Chizhova H. Fibingerova

SHOT (Bulgaria) (U.S.S.R.) (Czechoslovakia)

E. Schlaak M. Vergova G. Hinzmann

DISCUS (G.D.R.) (Bulgaria) (G.D.R.)

R. Fuchs M. Becker K. Schmidt

JAVELIN (G.D.R.) 65.94mj216'4" (Germany) 64. 70mj2 12'3'" (U.S.A.) 63.96mj209'10"

21.16m{69'S' 20.96mj68'9t' 20.67mj67'10"

69.00mj226'4" 67.30mj220'9' 66.84mj219'3"

4 x lOOm. RELAY 1. G.D.R. (M. Oelsner, R. Stecher, C. Bodendorf, B. Eckert) 42.55 2. Germany (E. Possekel, 1. Helten, A. Richter, A. Kroniger) 42.59 3. U.S.S.R. (T. Prorochenko, L. Maslakova, N. Besfamilnaya, V. Anisimova) 43.09 4 x 400m RELAY 1. G.D.R. (D. Maletzki, B. Rohde, E. Streidt, C. Brehmer) 3:19.2 WR 2. U.S.A. (D. Sapenter, S. Ingram, P. Hiles, R. Bryant) 3:22.8 3. U.S.S.R. (I. K1imovacha, L. Aksenova, N. Sokolova, N. I1yina,) 3:24.2 PENTATHLON 1. S. Siegl (G.D.R.) 13.31, 12.92m, 1.74m, 6.49m, 23.09) 4745 points 2. C. Laser G.D.R. (13.55, I4. 29m, I. 78m, 6.27m, 23.48) 4745 points 3. B. Pollak G.D.R. (13.30, 16.25m, l.64m, 6.3Orn, 23.64) 4740 points

65.70mj215'«

HAMMER (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.S.R.) (U.S.S.R.)

D. Bautista H. Reimann P. Frenkel

2h.09:55.0 2h.IO:45.8 2h.Il:12.6

21.05mj69·1"

A. Richter R. Stecher I. 'Helten

159

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TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 11 - CONSTITION - Pages 33 - 55 Rule I Definitions 2 The LA.A.F. 3 Objects 4 Membership 5 Council 6 President, Vice-Presidents and Honorary Treasurer 7 Congresses 8 Committees 9 Languages 10 Alterations to Rules 11 Suspensions & Reinstatements 12 International meetings Competition abroad Competitors' Qualifications

Page 33 34 34 35 39 42 42 44 45 45 46

Rule 13 World, Area and Group Championships 14 Expenses 15 Assistance - Equipment and Services 16 Subventions to assist Athletes 17 Advertising within the Arena 51 Definition of Amateurism 53 Restriction of competition to Amateurs 53 Ineligibility for International Competition 54 Guarantee by Member

Page 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 53 55

47

DIVISION III - TECHNICAL RULES - Pages 56 - 144 Section I - Ollicials

III Officials of the Meeting 112 The Manager 113 The Secretary 114 The Technical Manager 115 Jury of Appeal 116 Referees 117 Judges 118 Umpires (Track Events) 119 Timekeepers 120 Starter and Recall Starters 121 Starter's Assistants 122 Lap Scorers 123 The Recorder 124 The Marshal 125 The Announcer 126 The Official Surveyor 127 The Wind Gauge Operator

56 57 57 58 58 58 59 60 60 62 63 63 64 64 64 64 64

Section 11 - General Rules

141 Entries 142 The Competition 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions 144 Doping 145 Measurements and Weights 146 Ties 147 Protests 148 Wodd Records

65 66 70 72 74 75 77 77

149 Wind Measurement 150 Official Implements Section III - Running Events

161 Track and Lanes 162 The Start and the Finish 163 Hurdle Races 164 Steeplechase 165 Marathon Race 166 Relay Races 167 Team Races 168 Cross Country Races Section IV - Jumping Events

171 High Jump 172 Pole Vault 173 Long Jump 174 Triple Jump

Section V - Throwing Events

181 Putting the Shot 182 Throwing the Discus 183 Discus (Hammer) Cage 184 Throwing the Hammer 185 Throwing the Javelin

82 82 83 88 92 95 98 99 101 102 106 109 115 118 120 124 127 130 135

Section VI- Walking Events

191 Walking 192 The "Lugano" Trophy Section VlI- Combined CompetitioDS

195 Pentathlon and Decathlon

DIVISION IV - WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS - Pages 145 - 148

Printed by King & Jarrett Ltd., Hayes, Middlx., England.

160

141 143

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143

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NOTES

Printed in England by Marshallarts Print Services, Unit 32, Huffwood Trading Estate, Partridge Green, West Sussex, England.

180