IAAF HandBook 1982 by The Marshal

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED IN /9/2

OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1982

President: Honorary Life President: Honorary Life VicePresidents: Vice- Presidents:

Honorary Treasuker:

General Secretary: Bureau Address: Cables: Telephone: Telex:

P.NEBIOLO A. PAULEN BOEKELUND D. T.P.PAIN M.DANZ L. KHOMENKOV J.c. DACOSTA L.DIACK A. LJUNGQVIST F.W.HOLDER

J.B.HOLT 162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. "Marathon," London, S. W.15. 01 (London) 7893853 8813555 IAAF HQ.

CONTENTS

Rules

Page

I (The Federation) Foreword ...

DIVISION

The Federation History . Council . Committees Panel of International Walking Judges Veterans of the LA.A.F. List of Member Countries DIVISION

FOREWORD

1-17 51-54

31 52

III (Technical Rules)

General Section I Officials II Competition Rules (General) III Running Events IV Jumping Events V Throwing Events VI Walking Events ... VII Pentathlon-Decathlon DIVISION

9 10 13 14 19

II (Constitution)

Constitution of the LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status DIVISION

101 111-127 141-150 161-168

171-174

181-186 191-192 195

55 66

85 107 123 150

153

IV (Statistics)

World Record Events World Record Application Forms ... List of World Records (Men & Women) Olympic Games Records .-'. .:. Medal Winners-World ChampIOnships (Olympic Games) Moscow TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE-DIVISION

381

155

168

., .

III (Technical Rules)

In previous editions, rules for individual events apparatus in a third.

competition rules in one section. another and specificatIOns for Implements and

these Technical in The opportunity has now.been taken to such a way that competitors and offiCials wIll find all the rules for any particular event (conduct of competition, implements. apparatus) grouped logically together under une Rule.

It is with deep regret that our first duty is to mark the death of our Honorary Life President, The Marquess of Exeter, who died peacefully in his sleep during the night of October 21st, 1981. With the death of Lord Exeter, Track and Field Athletics, and sport in general, have lost one of their most prestigious personalities. Lord Burghley was himsel( one of the greatest athletes of his generation, with his international career spanning the years 1923 to 1933. In 1928 he won the Olympic title over the 400m hurdles, one of the most technical and exacting events. Immediately after the war, after succeeding Sigfrid Edstrom as LA.A.F. President, he successfully devoted his energies to rebuilding the unity and the organising structure of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. As our President and as an LO.C. Member also, Lord Exeter made an incomparable contribution to the Olympic Games and to the growth of the Olympic movement. In the world of athletics and international sport, as in so many other spheres, the example and the leadership of The Marquess of Exeter will always be remembered and viewed with the greatest admiration. At the start of 1982 I feel confident that we can look forward to an exciting period of development within the LA.A.F. and of growth in its activities. The success of the III World Cup (September 4th-6th) and the Special I.A.A.F. Congress (Rome, September 1st-2nd) has given a fresh impetus to greater efforts. It is therefore essential to harness this new confidence in our sport, which continues to spread in scope and to ever greater numbers. If it is possible, every branch of athletics, and every participant, should be part of the I.A.A.F. family. Providing the structure to take on this challenge is an immediate task which has been accepted by the LA.A.F. Council. To this end we will try to achieve ever greater co-ordination and efficiency in the world of the Committees, Working Groups and Area Associations. The unqualified success of the 1981 World Cup confirmed also that the athletes of the world were united once again after the Olympic problems of 1980. All the great athletes of track and field responded to the World Cup challenge, and, together with the aspiring new-corners to the International

scene, they created in Rome a colourful and exhilarating spectacle of athletics. The value and respect of the competition itself was thereby raised for future years, and it can now be said with confidence that the LA.A.F. World Cup is firmly established on the World Sports Calendar. We can look ahead to 1985 with great confidence. 165,000 spectators attended the three days of the 1981 World Cup, and there were more than 1000 journalists from 78 countries, and 40 foreign television networks took the transmission live. The propaganda generated by the 1981 World Cup not only created great interest among the young people of Italy, but also among sports enthusiasts all around the world. This therefore fulfilled the initial aim of the World Cup, which was to generate interest and independence within the Area Associations of the LA.A.F. The LA.A.F. Special congress in Rome took many important decisions, none more so than those concerning "eligibility". This problem is a large one for all International Sports Federations, and the LA.A.F. has adopted a progressive philosophy, working closely with the LO.C., to reach a satisfactory solution. More progress has been made since the Rome Congress on the problem of "eligibility", and the meeting between the LO.C. and LA.A.F. in Rome in late December marked a further important step, not only for the LA.A.F., but possibly for many I.S.F.'s, and the Olympic movement in general. The LA.A.F. Council and working Group will now proceed towards a final draft of recommendations for Congress approval in Athens (September 4th-5th). We are therefore looking to Athens as the focal point of our attentions this year. We must create a unified LA.A.F. that is clear in its aims, retains a contemporary outlook, and yet maintains the traditions of an established Federation wishing to contribute to the Olympic Movement. The 1981 LA.A.F. Development Programme, approved by the Council, was successfully carried out and 17 different Coaching Courses, 3 Administration Courses and 3 Race Walking Seminars were held in the past year. In this sphere we continue to enjoy a close working relationship with Olympic Solidarity, that has proved of great mutual benefit. Dr. Jozsef Sir, Chairman of the Development Programme Commission, continues to receive the enthusiastic support of many of the world's top coaches and athletes, and we extend our thanks to all those who have contributed to the success of the Programme. The 1981 LA.A.F. Team Cross Country Championships, held at the Hipodromo de la Zarzue1a, Madrid on March 28th, heralded a new era for the event, not only with a great number of athletes, but also a greater representation of world cross country running with strong teams for the first time from Ethiopia and Kenya. Ethiopia carried off the Men's Team Prize with the U.S.S.R. gaining the honours in the Women's Race. Plans for the 10th Championships in Warsaw, Poland, were well advanced before the State of Emergency was declared just before Christmas, and all

communications with Poland were severed. It was with regret that on January 18th, we received official notification from the Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki that they were unable to undertake the organisation of the 1982 Championships. The new venue of Rome, Italy, will however guarantee first class conditions, so that the 1982 races will continue the traditions established by the previous 9 Championships. Following the withdrawal of the Mexican Federation, as organisers of the 1981 LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup for the "Lugano Trophy" and the Real Federacion Espanola, coming in to help the "Eschborn LA.A.F., had Just 10 months to organise this 10th LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup. To their credit, they achieved a great success in providing an attractive setting for the competition in such a short organisation period. Any shortcomings were overcome with enthusiasm and dedication, and Spain can feel justifiably proud oftheir organisational record of 1981. For the first time, Italy won the Lugano Trophy, with U.S.S.R. narrowly winning the Eschborn Cup from strong Swedish and Australian op;osition. The next LA.A.F. Race Walking World Cup will be staged in Fredrikstad, Norway in mid-September, 1983. The Semi-Finals will be staged in June 1983. Four events were held in the 1981 LA.A.F./CITIZEN Golden Series: Golden 5,OOOm Gateshead, GB & NI June 7th Golden 10,OOOm Prague, Czechoslovakia June 19th Golden Sprints Berlin, FR Germany August 21st Golden Mile Brussels, Belgium August 28th The 1981 Series turned out to be a triumph for Great Britain, whose athletes had a clean sweep of all four titles. The marketing and sponsorship support for these events has been secured by the West Nally Group, the International Sports Marketing Company. The events are thus providing valuable financial assistance to the LA.A.F., which has in particular enabled the Federation to expand its Development Aid Programme. One Road and three Track events are planned for 1982, as follows: LA.A.F./CITIZEN Golden Marathon (Athens, Greece) on March 7th, followed by a Golden IO,OOOm (Helsinki), Golden Mile or 5000m (London) and a Golden 400m (Rome). Final details will be announced at the end of March. The next LA.A.F. Congress will be staged in Athens on September 3rci-4th, prior to the European Athletic Championships. This present Handbook is therefore valid for 1982 only and a new edition will be published III one year's time, containing the decisions and rule changes decided upon at the Athens Congress. Finally, I wish all our Members every success in the current year and look forward to meeting many friends again at our September Congress, where many important tasks await us. London, PRIMa NEBIOLO January 1982. President

HISTORY

The three Foundation Years: 1912-1914 Over 69 years ago, on July 17th, 1912, two days after the last athletics event of the Olympic Games, a Congress was held in Stockholm for the formation of an International Federation for Amateur Athletics. The following 17 countries were represented at this historic meetings:- Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. There was an urgent need for an international governing body for Athletics owing to the development of international contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of World and Olympic Records. Though this meeting in Stockholm was, strictly speaking, an exploratory one, records of the LA.A.F. regard it as the first Congress and subsequent Congresses up till the 32nd in Moscow in 1980 have been/designated accordingly. One year later in Berlin (1913), Congress accepted the first Constitution and 34 Nations figured in the first Membership list. J. Sigfrid Edstr6m (Sweden) was elected President and Kristian Hellstr6m Honorary Secretary. The first Technical Rules for international competitions were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were urged to adopt similar rules for their domestic competitions. The International Olympic Committee As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the LO.C., and our fourth Congress was held that year in Geneva immediately before the LO.C. Congress at the same venue. Co-operation with the LO.C. and Olympic Games Organising Committee to ensure the successful staging of athletics events at the Olympic Games has in fact always been a major feature of the LA.A.F. 's activity. A new dimension to our links with other sporting bodies was added in 1978 when the LA.A.F. became a member of the General Assembly of International Sports Federations (G.A.LS.F.) to join there all but one of the other Olympic Sports federations. Worid Records In the inaugural list of World Records published in 1914, there were 53 Men's records for Running, Hurdling and Relay Racing, 30 6

for Walking and 12 for Field Events, including the Decathlon. No records for women existed at that time. Since then, changes have been made, so that the list is now considerably altered. A major change was made at the XXXth Congress in Montreal, when Imperial distances were deleted. Since January 1st, 1977 therefore, the only Imperial distance accepted is the 1 Mile.(Men and Women). There are now 23 Men's records for Running, Hl!rdling and Relays, plus 4 Walking events and 9.Field events, including the Decathlon. The World Record List comprises 15 for Running, HurdlIng and Relays, 2 for Walking events, and 6 for Field events, including Heptathlon. Athletics for Women By 1924, a separate Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.I. At the Paris Congress (1924) the I.A.A.F. supported the F.S.F.L request for the inclusion of five Women's events in the Amsterdam Olympic Games-lOOm, 800m, 4 x lOO.m, High Ju!Op and Discus. Since these early days, Women's athletIcs has contmued to produce ever-improving performances in ever greater depth. The 3000m and 400m Hurdles are the latest World Championship events, and the 5000m and 1O,OOOm the latest world record events. In addition, the marathon is proving ever more popular as a race for women and is included in the 1983 World Championships programme. The points table in use for the Women's Heptathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970, with new tables the 400m and 1500m being provided, as well as existing tables beIng revalued. The next revised Tables will come into force in 1985. Photo-finish and Electrical Timekeeping In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first "slow motion" apparatus for photo-finish judging, to eliminate the human factor from finish judging and timing. This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. Since January 1977, for records up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by fully automatic electrical timing have been accepted. Since January 1st, 1981 for all races up to 1O,000m inclusive, times are recorded to 1I100th of a second when electrically timed. I.A.A.F. Honours The award of the Veteran Pin was instituted in 1928, with 12 initial recipients. Further honours were created in 1981 and these are detailed in Rule 7. Doping Controls At the Amsterdam Congress also, the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Doping Control is now, sadly, a feature of all major Games and Championships and

here again the LA.A.F. and the LO.C. are working together to establish control laboratories in all continents, a step which it is hoped will lead to fewer and fewer athletes and coaches adopting this unfair and harmful practice. Race Walking The present definition for Walking - "Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained" - was accepted by the 1928 Congress, and this remains the basis on which Judges evaluate race walkers. Women's race walking is slowly gaining ground, and the creation of a World Cup named after the first venue (Eschborn) has encouraged new countries to extend their walking programme for women. I.A.A.F. Officers In 1930, Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer - a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Avery Brundage, later to become LO.C. President. This was the body then responsible for keeping World Records, and this task fell principally to Szilard Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsible for the decision to stage the first European Championships (1934, Turin). In 1946, the LA.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (later to become the Marquess of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, when Donald Pain took over this responsibility, a position he held for 17 years until Frederick Holder succeeded him in 1970. At the 1976 Montreal Congress, Adriaan PauIen succeeded Lord Exeter as President, "Fred" Holder was re-elected Honorary Treasurer and the new Council appointed John Holt as General Secretary. Upon the retirement of Adriaan Paulen in 1981, after 5 eventful years, Dr. Primo Nebiolo (Italy) became the LA.A.F. President, only the fourth person to hold this Office in 70 years. The steady growth of the Federation in the, years up to 1950 accelerated in the next three decades and, by the end of 1981, Member countries in affiliation number 168. Regional Development Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and provide an incentive to all countries within the group, continued to develop. From their foundation in 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the LA.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to

provide for the setting up of Continental Area Associations within the I.A.A.F. and the European Athletic Association (E.A.A.) was fonned soon afterwards, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 LA.A.F. Congress. The expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior Championships, the European Cup, European Marathon Cup and Combined Events Cup. The statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African AmateurAthletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.) were approved by the Rome Congress (1974) . A further major change in the Constitution in 1968 was to include in the Council a representative of each of the six Continental Areas, elected by the Members in those area Groups. This ensures truly worldwide representation in the Council, the size of which was increased in 1976 to 19, with the addition of four Vice-Presidents. Amateurism The Amateur Status Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and Rules 14 to 17 in the present Handbook are the result of considerable amendments approved by the Montreal Congress and added to by the Special Congress held in Rome in 1981. It was decided to retain the word "amateur" in the title of the LA.A.F. but a new definition (see Rule 51) puts the word in a more realistic context.

Technical Aid Technical aid activities continue, and an increasingly widespread development programme has been undertaken in 1979-1981. The LA.A.F. now has a development aid co-ordinator on its staff, and co-operation with the Olympic Solidarity programme is proving most beneficial for both parties. World Cup and World Championships In 1981, in addition to the annual Cross Country World Championships and the bi-annual World Cup for Race Walking (Lugano Trophy and Eschbom Cup), the third Athletics World cup, in which all the continents were represented together with the host country, Italy, was staged with great success and panache before 165,000 spectators in Rome (September 4th-6th). In March, 1980, Council granted the first LA.A.F. World Championships outside the Olympic Games to Helsinki (August, 1983). This new competition, linked with the ever increasing athletic activity organised in all continents by LA.A.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the LA.A.F. - to establish closer links between itself and national governing bodies, and to increase the liaison between leaders in all parts of the world for the benefit of the Sport.

COUNCIL P. Nebiolo, President, Via Tevere I/A, Roma, Italy. L. Khomenkov, Senior Vice-President, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaya Naberezhnaja 8, Moscow 119270, U.S.S.R. J. C. da Costa, Vice-President, Av. N. S. de Copacabana 380, Apto, 1.102,22.020 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil. L. Diack, Vice-President, BP 86, Dakar, Senegal. A. Ljungqvist, Vice-President, Lillhagsvagen 4, S-18246 Enebyberg, Sweden.

F. W. Holder, Honorary Treasurer, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL, England. *H. Agabani, p.a. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan. *E. A. AI-Dashti, clo Kuwait Athletic Federation, p.a. Box 5499, Khalid Ben AI-Walid Street, Shaker AI-Kazemi, Bldg No. 9, Kuwait. a. c. Cassell, clo The Athletics Congress of the U .S.A. (Inc.), p.a. Box 120, 155 Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A. P. Dasriaux, 22 rue Eugene Jumin, 75019 Paris, France. *A. 1. D. Francis, Box 8134 Santurce, Puerto Rieo 00910, P.R. *P. C. Galvez, Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru. A. Kirsch, Bernard-Eyberg Strasse 23, 5060 BergischGladbach 3, Federal Republic of Germany. *A. L. Morrison, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Vie. 3191, Australia. C. Mukora, p.a. Box 30134 Nairobi, Kenya. M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, District No. 2057, Republic of Singapore. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u. 4.,1123 Budapest XII, Hungary. * A. Takac, clo Organising Committee XIV Olympic Winter Games, Sarajevo 1984, Ulica JNA 23, 71000 Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. G. Wieczisk, clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. *Area Group Representative

THE I.A.A.F. MEN'S WORLD CUP

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TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

E. Rose, Chairman, clo Dansk Idraets-Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, DK 2600 Glostrup, Denmark. H. Babo, clo Confederacao Brasileira de Atletismo, Av. Graca Aranha 81, Grupo 808/811- 20 030, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. L. Barra, Via Bagnoregio 3, 00100 Rome, Italy. R. Blanchet, Les Rives d'Oise, 16 rue Andre Messager, 95630 Meriel, France. E. Bremicker, Rubenstrasse 25, 6700 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany. N. Dahlman, Alandsvagen 39, SF 22100 Mariehamn, Finland. L. Eldridge, 726 Chemin du Lac, Ville du Lery, Quebec, Canada. R. Giegengack, 402A Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A. J. Jackowski, 60-228 Poznan, Promienista 16 AM 6, Poland. F. I. K. Kiplagat, P.O. Box 30556, Nairobi, Kenya. C. Moreno, Cerro San Andres 136-3, Mexico 21 DF, Mexico. V. Rodichenko, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow, 119270, U.S.S.R. E. Sch6ber, c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. C. G. Tollemar, Edsbergsgrand 12, 12657 Hagersten, Sweden. V. Trkal, CS 18200 Praha 8, VRSNI 39, Czechoslovakia. E. Wante, Ankerstr. 79,2700 Saint Niklaas, Belgium. WOMEN'S COMMITTEE

Mrs. I. Bechthold, Chairman, Cretzschmarstr, 15, D-600 Frankfurt/M, Federal Republic of Germany. G. Casiotti, via Caio Canuleio No. 172, Rome, Italy. Mrs. E. Gorchakova, clo The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow, 119270, U.S.S.R. Miss M. Hartman, c/o Women's A.A.A., Francis House ' Francis Street, London, SWIP IDE, England. 1. Humc, R.R.l, Melbourne, Quebec, Canada. F. Jutte, Thorbeckelaan 611, 2564 e.G. Den Haag, The Netherlands. 10

Mrs. M. Maleszewska, 00-130 Warsawa, u1. Graniczna, 2m 16, Poland. Mrs. L. Manoliu, clo Federatia Romana de Atletism, Strada Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. H. McKenley, clo Jamaica A.A.A., P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica. Mrs. P. Rico, 89 Lexington Drive, Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10520, U.S.A. Mrs. E. Strasser, Lessingstrasse 31, 4020 LinzlDonau, Austria. CROSS COUNTRY AND ROAD RUNNING COMMITTEE

Aldo Scandurra, Chairman, 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York, N.Y. 11740, U.S.A. L. Bradshaw, 2 Rata Street, Ravensbourne, Dunedin, New Zealand. R. Dalgleish, 48 Gartons Road, Glasgow G21 3HY, Scotland. V. Firea, c/o Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, Romania. O. Klappert, Platanenallee 7, 4750 Unna, Federal Republic of Germany. M. Marmion, 10 rue Louis Vicat, 75015 Paris, France. G. Mastropasqua, Piazzale Giovine Italia, 3, 20123 Milano, Italy. R. Puignau, Zabaleta 54-7Â°, San Sebastian, Spain. E. Spillane, 55 Mayville, Ballyboden Road, Dublin 14, Ireland. R. Tytgat, Amsterdamstraat 52, B-8400, Ostend, Belgium. M. Wawrzyowski, Karlowicza 1/7 m.6, 02-501 Warszawa, Poland. WALKING COMMITTEE

Lassen, Chairman, Biilowsvej 40, 3 DK-1870, Copenhagen V, Denmark. R. Bowman, 51 Chatsworth Court, Oakland, California 94611, U.S.A. G. Frister, clo Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118" G.D.R. A. Fruktov, c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya 8, Moscow 119270, U .S.S.R.

11 -"1

lenevein, 22 Chemin des Petits Marais 92320 Gennevilliers, France. ' W. Kirkor, ul. Langiewicza 6, 81-737 Sopot, Poland. 1. Kraemer, Zeisigweg 5, D-4oo5, Meerbusch 3 Federal ' . Republic of Germany. P. Marlow, 65 Lordship Lane, London SE22, England. A. M. de la Mora, Calzada de Los Misterios No. 803, Colonia Tepeyac Insurgentes, Mexico 14 D.F. B. Sjoberg, Hagavagen 4, S-17153 Solna, Sweden. G. Tosi, Via Guelfa 44, Firenze, Italy. MEDICAL COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Arne Ljungqvist, Chairman, Lillhagsvagen 4, S-1801O Enebyberg, Sweden. Prof. Dr. Waldemar Areno, Estracta do loa 2618 Barra da Tijuca, Rio de laneiro, Brazil. ' Prof. A. H. Beckett, c/o Chelsea College, University of London, Dept. of Pharmacy, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, England. Dr. Anthony Daly, 301 North Prairie Avenue, Suite 215, Inglewqod, California 90301, U.S.A. Dr. Manfred Donike, c/o Deutsche Sporthochschule Koln, Institut fUr Biochemie, Carl-Diem-Weg 2/Postfach 450 327,5000 Koln 41, Federal Republic of Germany. Dr. Andre Gedeon, 70 BId. Deltour, 31500 Toulouse, France. Dr. Mohamed Gheita, 6 rue Yvon Vill Arceau Paris 16 France. ' , Dr. M. Hoppner, c/o Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Dr. Virginia Mikhaylova, Bulgarian Athletic Federation, BouI. Tolboukhin 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Prof..S. Ongeri, Faculty of Medicine, University of NaIrobI, P.O. Box 30588, Nairobi. Kenya. Dr. Pekka Peltokallio, Kuorekuja 8c, 02170 Espoo 17, Finland. Dr. 1. Sowinski, clo Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 0-372 Warszawa, UI. Foksal 19, Poland. pr. G. Worobiew, c/o The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaja Naberezhnaya S, Moscow 119270, U.S.S.R.

PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES Argentina R. P. Aguilera 1. L. De la Canale Australia A.lohnson D. M. Keane 1. S. MacDougall M. Patterso? (Mrs) V. B. R. C. E. F. WIlson Austria H. Frantz Belgium N.Opsomer Brazil J. C. Goncalves Bulgaria D. Marinov V. Vladimirov B. 1. Yanev Canada L. Giordano A. Keay A. Marrone (Mrs) N. Marrone K. Merschenz D. Walker Cuba 1. L. Garcia A. M. Martinez 1. D. Rodriguez Czechoslovakia F. Horsky V. Klempir B. Klir V. Martinkovic F. Mikes L. Moc J. Svoboda Z. Trefny

V. Vagner F. Voboril Denmark P. Lassen Egypt W. S. A. Rahman Finland K. Heinamaa V. Kangaspunta P. Tarkkanen

Italy P. Castiglione D. D'Ascola L. Favati A. Romano G. Tosi W. Zanellini Japan K. Narita N. Tsuda Luxemburg France . C. Sowa 1. ChartIer Malaysia M. Coubard K. Balachandran 1. Dahm. S. Vegiyathuman R. Mexico L. GhesqUlere (Mrs) E. C. Aleman F. Herbet. P. C. Martinez F. Jenevem A. M. de la Mora G. Roldan G.D.R. G. Frister New Zealand 1. Kriiger D. B. Chadderton D. Lehmann (Mrs) C. E. 1. Cook G. Rosenow L. F. Gerrie F.R. Germany G. Harvie H. Berndt R. Pilkington 1. Kraemer Norway D. Pawlak P. Baarnaas G.B. & N." A. Fuglum W. F. Amer I. Guttulsrod R. Holland H. Nymark F. 1ames H. Persson E. Staker B. Tindlund Panama R. Wells 1. Wish F. Alderete Hungary Poland S. Lazlo W. Kirkor Israel J. Leleno I. Asulin A. Markowski L. Rabinowitz R. Markowski J. Sawitski M. Rduch (Mrs) J. Zerko 13

Rumania I. Paraschivescu Singapore D. de Sousa Spain D. C. Husillos E. Gan;es Marro G. Montagut Sweden H. Ekenmyr F. Eriksson R. Johansson J. Nilsson R. l'olilsson (Mrs.) S. Sjunnesson

A. Thureson C. Thureson Switzerland R. Crausaz V. Daguet A. Libotte L. Marquis Trinidad & Tobago H. R. Lee E. A. Pierre V.S.S.R. M. Andrejev A. Fruktov A.Issurin N. Kalinin

A. Kharbarov V. Lakhov A. Mikhailov V. Samotesov M. Tomilin . V.S.A. F. Alongi R. Bowman E. Denman R. Hickey L. K. Larson H. H. Laskau B. Macdonald M. B. Rosenstein M. Rudow

VETERANS OF THE I,A.A.F. Elected Hassan Agabani (Sudan). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Alhaji Arogundade (Nigeria). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Richard Ashenheim (Jamaica). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold!. Austad (New Zealand). Helio Babo {Brazil). Karl Beuermann (F.R. Germany). Jerzy Bogobowicz (Poland). Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Nils Carlius (Sweden). Raphael Cavero (Spain). Jo<1o C. da Costa (BrazIl). Max Danz (F.R. Germany). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Emiel Declerck (Belgium). Lamine Diack (Senegal). Roger Dubief (France). Rudolf Dusek (Czechoslovakia). Bo Ekelund (Sweden).

1972 1968 1980 1958 1980 1966 1964 1980 1970 1980 1970 1976 1976 1960 1962 1970 1974 1976 1968 1978 1946

Elected Victor Firea (Rumania). E. Figuerola (Cuba). Amadeo Francis (Puerto Rico). Jean Frauenlob (Switzerland). Pedro Galvez (Peru). . Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.!.). Abraham Green (Israel). Miss Marea Hartman (G.B. & N.I.). Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia). Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & N.!.). Hans Jaeger (F.R. Germany). Axel Jorbeck (Sweden). Frans Jutte (Netherlands). Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.). Vilem Kanturek (Czechoslovakia). Uhro Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R). August Kirsch (F.R. Germany). Gurbaksh Singh Kler (Malaysia). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Palle Lassen (Denmark). Stan. G. Leeder (New Zealand). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). Jacob Liridahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden). Arne Ljungqvist (Sweden). Mrs. Doris Magee (Australia). Henri Meley (France). A. Ossie Melville (New Zealand). Cesar Moreno (Mexico). Charles Mukora (Kenya). Dino Nai (Italy). Primo Nebiolo (Italy). Dimiter Nikolov (Bulgaria). George Oberweger (Italy). Mikio Oda (Japan). Abraham Ordia (Nigeria). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.!.). Jal Pardivala (India). Adriaan Paulen (Netherlands). Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Erich Pultar (Austria).

1980 1974 1978 1978 1970 1970 1976 1972 1966 1972 1976 1968 1976 1956 1972 1952 1964 1978 1978 1960 1976 1962 1968 1966 1950 1980 1972 1976 1980 1974 1976 1952 1974 1976 1960 1976 1974 1956 1962 1950 1928 1978

15 I

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Electe d Mme. Z. Roma nova (U.S.S .R.). Eman uel Rose (Denm ark). Erhar d Schoe ber (G.D. R.). S. Umra o Singh (India ). Jozsef Sir (Hung ary). Kee Chung Sohn (Kore a). Hans Stahl (FR. Germa ny). Artur Takac (Yugo slavia ). Olav Tende land (Norw ay). Todor Todor ov (Bulga ria). T. Tuliko ura (Finla nd). Jukka Uunil a (Finla nd). (Finla nd). Arma s IC Peter VUkOV (Yugoslavia). Harol d H. Whitlo ck (G.B. & N.!.). Georg Wieczisk (G.D. R.). Seiko Yasud a (Japan ).

1960 1972 1970 1976 1962 1968 1976 1962 1946 1974 1966 1978 1976 1978 1966 . 1972 1980

Deceased H. H. King Gusta v VI Adolf of Sweden. Harol d M: Abrah ams (G.B. & N.I.). Sir Harry J. Barcla y (G.B. & N.!.). William M. Barna rd (G.B. & N.!.). Harol d Berlin er (U.S.A .). Avery Brund age (U.S.A .). Friedr ich Burge r (FR. Germa ny). J. E. Chryssafis (Gree ce). Emile Clemm e (Belgi um). Ernes t H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N.!.). Jack C. G. Crum p (G.B. & N.!.). Jack W. Davie s (Cana da). Charle s J. Diege s (U.S.A .). Car! Di.em (FR. Germa ny). J. Slgfnd Edstro m (Swed en). Leopo ld Englu nd (Swed en). Tage Eficso n (Swed en). The Marqu ess of Exete r (G.B. & N.I.). John Falche nberg (Norw ay). Danie l J. Ferris (U .S.A.) . C. Forys (Polan d). J. Genet (Franc e). Giova nni Guabe llo (Italy).

1934 1948 1928 1928 1962 1946 1930 1930 1952 1964 1958 1964 1932 1930 1928 1928 1952 1950 1946 1952 1964 1928 1962

Franci s Guille ux (Franc e). Kristian Hellstrorn (Sweden). Edoua rd Herme s (Belgium). Ernes t J. H. Holt (G.B. & N.!.). Murra y Hulbe rt (U.S.A .). Evan A. Hunte r (South Africa ). Ludwig JaIl (F.R. Germa ny). G. Jurgen son (Franc e). Hirom u Kasuga (Japan ). Gusta vus T. Kirby (U.S.A .). S. Kishi (Japan ). Hilding KjeIlm an (Swed en). Jukka Lehtin en (Finla nd). Joe B. MacC abe (U.S.A .). E. S. Marks (Austr alia). Paul Meric amp (Franc e). J. G. Merric k (Cana da). Justus W. Meyer hof (F.R. Germ any). Lauri Mietti nen (Finla nd). Joe Moerm an (Nethe rlands ). F. A. Moran (Eire) . Naili Moran (Turke y). Mogens Oppeg aard (Norw ay). Franz Reich el (Franc e). Karl Ritter von Halt (F.R. Germa ny). Oscar Rosen vinge- Kolde rup (Norway). F. W. Rubie n (U.S.A .). Johan nes Runge (F.R. Germa ny). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.). Jean R. Seurin (Franc e). Pincus Sober (U.S.A .). G. D. Sondi (India ). Szilard Stanko vits (Hung ary). Pasqu ale Stassa no (Italy). Peter Stepan enko (U.S.S .R.). Hans Sulak (Czechoslovakia). Rober t M. Thom pson (U.S.A .). Pierre ToneIli (Franc e). Hugh Weir (Austr alia). Herm ann Wraschtil (Austr ia). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

1964 1930 1948 1946 1932 1946 1972 1948 1966 1928 1932 1928 1972 1928 1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1974 1948 1958 1950 1928 1960 1930 1932 1930 1930 1950 1966 1948 1928 1970 1968 1976 1928 1958 1956 1928 1954

_ . -

I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS

AFRICA

Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.). Presldent: L. Dlack, P.O. Box 86, Dakar, Senegal. . Hon. Secretary: Papa Gallo Thiam, as above. ASIA Asia!1 Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.). Presldent: S. Yasuda, Room 301 Kishi Memorial Hall 1-1-1 Jinnan Shibuya, Tokyo 150, Japan. ' Hon. Secretary/ M. Nicholas, 26 Windsor Park Road, Treasurer: Rep. of Singapore, District No.: 2057. EUROPE Athletic Association (E.A.A.). Presldent: Gold, 49 Friern Mount Drive, Whetstone, N20 9DJ, Enghind. Hon. Secretary: P. DaS!laUX, E.A.A., 22 rue Eugene Jumm, 75019 Paris, France. Hon. Treasurer: J. Frauenlob, 110 chemin de la Montagne, 1224 Chene-Bougeries . Geneva, Switzerland. ' NORTH AMERICA Representative on LA.A.F. Council Francis, Box 8134, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910,

Group Associations. In addition the Directory provides many other useful addresses and is obtainable (price Â£I .00) from the I.A.A.F. Bureau. LIST OF MEMBERS

The letters in parenthesis denote the official abbreviation of Member's title, the year of foundation, and the grouping of the Member country (Rule 4).

Only the Members' and addresses are given in the Handbook. I.A.A.F. Dlrectory appears in January every year and provldes fuller up-to-date information of telephone numbers, cable addresses, telex numbers and names ofofficers of all I.A.A.F. Member Federations, Committees and'Area

AFGHANISTAN (AFG) Republic of Afghanistan National Olympic Committee, Kabul, (1930) (C) Afghanistan. Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme, ALBANIA (ALB) Rruga Kongresi i Permetit, or 41, (1930) (C) Tirana, Albania. Federation Algerienne d' Athletisme, ALGERIA (ALG) 18 rue Abdelaziz Mouzaoui, - Alger, (1963) (A) B.P. - 573 Alger-Gare, Algeria. Federation Angolaise d'Athletisme, ANGOLA (ANG) Boite Postale - 643, Comercial, (1976) (C) . Lda Luanda, Angola - R.P.A. Anguilla Amateur Athletic Association, ANGUILLA (ANL) The Valley, Anguilla, W.I. (1977) (C) Antigua Amateur Athletic & Cycling ANTIGUA (ANT) Association, P.O. Box 747, St. John's, (1960) (C) Antigua. Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, ARGENTINA (ARG) Buard Irigoyen 396, 3260 (1954) (A) del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Rea, Argentina. The Amateur Athletic Union of AUSTRALIA (AUS) Australia, 377 Little Collins Street, (1897) (AA) Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. Osterreichischer Leichtathletik- . AUSTRIA (AUT) Verband, Vienna 1040, Prinz (1902) (A) Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Bahamas Amateur Athletic BAHAMAS (BAH) Association, P.O. Box" S.S. 5517, (1952) (C) Nassau, Bahamas. Bahrain Amateur Athletic Association, BAHRAIN (BHR) P.O. Box 5163, Manama, State of (1974) (C) Bahrain.

Ai'f'

OCEANIA

Regional Group. Chalrman: A. Lee Morrison, 15 Heath Street Sandringham, Vie. 3191, Hon. Secretary/ A. R. Eustace, Massey University, Treasurer: Palmerston, North Island, New Zealand. SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo. President: Vice Admiral P. J. Galvez, Calle 22 No. 160, Urb Corpac, Lima, 27, Peru.

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BANGLADESH (BAN) (1973) (C) BARBADOS (BAR) (1947) (B) . BELGIUM (BEL) (1889) (AA) BELIZE (BIZ) (1956) (C) BENIN (BEN) (1960) (C) BERMUDA (BER) (1946)(C) BOLIVIA (BOL) (1929) (C) BOTSWAN A (BOT) (1972) (C); BRAZIL (BRA) (1914) (AA) BRI'rISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (BVI) (1972) (C) BRUNEI (BRU) (1953) (C) BULGARIA (BUL) (1924) (AA) BURMA (BIR) (1947) (C) BURUNDI (BUR) (1960) (C) CAMEROONS (CMR) (1959)(C)

Bangladesh Amateur Athletic Federation, 19-20, National Stadium, Dacca-2, Bangladesh. Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 46, Bridgetown, Barbados, W.!. Ligue Royale Beige d' Athletisme (K.B.A.B.), Rue Montagne-auxHerbes Potageres 65, Bte 16, lOOO Bruxelles, Belgium. Belize Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 937, Belize City, Belize, Central America. Federation d'Athletisme de Benin, B.P. 65, Porto-Novo, Benin. Bermuda Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 397 - Devonshire 4, Bermuda. Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Casilla 7864, La Paz, Bolivia. Botswana Amateur Athletic Association, c/o The General Secretary, P.O. Box 1404, Gaborone, Botswana. Confedera<;ao Brasileira de Atletismo, Av. Graca Aranha, 81-Grupo 808/811, 20030 - Rio de Janeiro, R.J. - Brazil. British Virgin Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 223, Road Town, Tortola, B.V.I. Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1330, Bandar Seri, Bagawan, Brunei. Federation Bulgare boul - Tolboukhin 18, Sofia, Bulgaria. Burma Track & Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon, Burma. Federation d'Athletisme du Burundi, clo le Departement des Sports, B.P. lO95, Bujumbura, Burundi. Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 353 Yaounde, Republique Unie du Cameroun.

Canadian Track and Field Association, 355 River Road, Tower "B", Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario K1L 8C1, Canada. Cayman Islands Amateur Athletic CAYMAN ISLANDS Association, P.O. Box 527, George (CAY) (1976) (C) Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, West Indies. CENTRAL AFRICAN Federation Centrafricaine EMPIRE (CAF) (1962) (C)d'Athletisme, B.P. 573, Bangui, E.C.A. CHILE (CHI) Federaci6n Atletica de Chile, Calle (1917) (B) Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile.

CANADA (CAN) (1889) (AA)

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) (1924) (AA) reformed 1949 CHINESE - TAIPEI (TPE) (1914) (C) COLOMBIA (COL) (1937)(B) COMORES (COM) (1979) (C) CONGO (CGO) (1962) (C) COOK ISLANDS (CKI) (1962) (C) COSTA RICA (CRC) (1960) (C) CUBA (CUB) (1922) (AA) CZECHOSLOVAKIA (TCH) (1897) (A,;\) DENMARK (DEN) (1907) CA)

Athletic Association of the People's Republic of China, 9, Tiyuguan Road Peking, China. Chinese - Taipei Track & Field Association, 555 Chung-Hsiao E Road, Section 5, Taipei (lO5), Taiwan. Federaci6n Colombiana de Atletismo, Calle 26, No. 17-44. Oficina 501, Apt. Aereo 6024, Bogota, Colombia. Federation Comorienne d'Athletisme, B.P.905 Moroni, Comores. Federation Congolaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo. Cook Islands Amateur Athletic Association (Inc), P. O. Mangaia, Cook Islands. Federaci6n Costarricense de Atletismo, Apartado 5009, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A. Federaci6n Cubana de Atletismo, Calle 13 No: 601, Zona Postale 4, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Ceskoslovensky atleticky svaz, Na PofiCi 12, 11530 Praha, Czechoslovakia. Dansk Athletik Forbund, ldraettens Hus, Brondby Stadion 20, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF SAO TOME PRINCIPE (STP) (1980) (C) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (DOM) (1953) (C) ECUADOR (ECU) (1925) (C) EGYPT (EGY) (1910) (AA) ETHIOPIA (ETH) (1961) (B)

WU)

FIJI (1949 (C) FINLAND (FIN) (1906) (AA) FRANCE (FRA) (1920) (AA) f

GABON (GAB) (1961)(C) THE GAMBIA (GAM) (1960) (C) GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (GDR) (1950) (AA) FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (FRG) (1898) (AA) GHANA (GHA) (1944) (B) GIBRALTAR (GIB) (1954) (C)

Federacao Santomense de Atletismo, Caixa Postale No. 42 - Sao Tome Republica, Democratica de Sao Tome E Principe. Federacion Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Estadio Olimpico "Juan Pablo Duarte", Santo Domingo D.N., Republica Dominicana. Federacion Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, P. O. Box 4567, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13 Kasr El Nil Str., Cairo, Egypt. National Ethiopian Athletic Federation, Addis Ababa Stadium, P.O. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fiji Amateur Athletic Federation, G.P.O. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji. Suomen Urheilulitto, Box 25202, 00250 Helsinki, 25, Finland. Federation Fran<;aise d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. Federation Gabonaise d'Athletisme Amateur, B.P. 2266 Libreville, Republique Gabonaise. The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association, clo P.O. Box 72, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa. Deutscher Verband fur Leichtathletik der DDR, 1005 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, 6100 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Federal Republic of Germany. Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana. Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 284, Gibraltar.

G.B. & N.!. (GBR) (1932) (AA) GREECE SGRE) (1897) (AA GRENADA (GRN) (1924) (C) GUATEMALA (GUA) (1945) (C) GUINEA (GUI) (1959) (C) GUYANA (GUY) (1948) (C) HAITI (HAI) (1969) (C) HONDURAS (HON) (1951) (C) HONG KONG (HKG) (1951) (C) HUNGARY (HUN) (1897) (AA) ICELAND (ISL) (1947) (B) INDIA (IND) (1946) (AA) INDONESIA (INA) (1950) (C)

British Amateur Athletic Board, Francis House, Francis Street, London SWIP IDL, England. Association Hellenique d' Athletisme Amateur (SEGAS), 137 Avenue Syngrou, Athens 404, Greece. Grenada Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 419, St. George's, Grenada, W.!. Federacion Na<;ional de Atletismo, Palacio de los Deportes, Guatemala City, Republique de Guatemala, CA. Federation Guineenne d'Atletisme Amateur, Ministere de la Jeunesse, des Arts et des Sport, B.P. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, P.O. Box 10133, Georgetown, Guyana. Commission Nationale Haitienne d'AthIetisme, clo P.O. Box 1334, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Federacion Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar de Honduras, Apartado Postal 331, Tegucigalpa, D.C, Honduras, CA. Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, G.P.O. Box 280, Hong Kong. Ma(yYar Atletikai Szovetseg, 1143 Bu apest, D6zsa Gyorgy utca 1-3, Hungary. Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. Amateur Athletic Federation of India, Room 3, D.D.A. Building, Nehru Place, New Delhi 110019, India. Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PASI). Jalan Menteng'Raya 72, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.

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IRAN (IRN) (1936) IRAQ (IRQ) (1957)(C) IRELAND (IRE) (1937) (A) ISRAEL (ISR) (1931) (B) ITALY (ITA) (1906) (AA) IVORY COAST (CIV) (1960) (C) JAMAICA (JAM) (1932) (AA) JAPAN (JPN) (1925) (AA) JORDAN (JOR) (1961)(C) KENYA (KEN) (1951) (AA) KHMERE (KHM) (1936) (C) KOREA (KOR) (1945) (A) D.P.R. KOREA (PRK) (1955) (C) KUWAIT (KUW) (1957) (A)

Amateur Athletic Federation of Islamic Republic of Iran, Mobarezan Avenue, Shiroudi Stadium, Tehran, Iran. Iraqi Amateur Athletic Federation, clo Iraqi National Olympic Committee, P.O. Box 441, Baghdad, Iraq. Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, 69 Jones Road, Dublin 3, Ireland. Israeli Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 4575,4 Marmorek St., Tel-Aviv 61044, Israel. Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, viale Tiziano 70-00136 Roma, Italy. Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme, Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, . Abidjan 10, Ivory Coast. Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.!. Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei,I-I-I, Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku. Tokyo, 150, Japan. Jordan Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, Gill House, Moi Avenue, P.O. Box 46722, Nairobi, Kenya. Federation Khmere d'Athletisme Amateur, Complexe Sportif National, Phnom-Penh, RepubliqueKhmere. Korea Amateur Athletic Federation, 19 Mookyo-Dong, Choong-Ku, Seoul, P.O. Box 566, K.W.M. Seoul, Korea. Amateur Athletic Association of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsin-Dong 2, Dongdaiwon Dist. Pyongyang, DPR Korea. Kuwait Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 5499, Khaled Ben AI-Walid St. Shaker AI-Kazemi Bldg., No: 9, Kuwait.

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du Laos, clo Federation Direction des Sports, B.P. 268, Vientiane, R.D.P. Laos. LEBANON (LIB) Federation Libanaise d' Athletisme, (1945) (C) P.O. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Lebanon. LESOTHO (LES) Lesotho Sports Council, P.O. Box 138, (1931) (C) Maseru, Lesotho. Liberia Track & Field Federation, LIBERIA (LBR) Broad Street, P.O. Box 2273, Monrovia, (1955) (C) Liberia. Jamahiriya Amateur Athletic LIBYA (LBA) (1962) (B) Federation, P.O. Box 879, Tripoli, Libya. LIECHTENSTEIN (LIE) Liechtensteiner Turn und (1936) (C) Leichtathletikverband L.T.L.V., Eschnerstrasse 33, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein. LUXEMBOURG (LUX) Federation Luxembourgeoise (1928) (B) D'Athletisme, B.P. 1055, L-I0l0, Luxembourg. MADAGASCAR (MAD) Federation Malgache d'Athletisme, (1962) (C) B.P. 681, Antanawarivd, Madagascar. MALAWI (MAW) Amateur Athletic Association of (1967) (C) Malawi, P.O. Box 1079, Blantyre, Malawi. Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union, MALAYSIA (MAL) Stadium Merdeka, P. O. Box 957, (1906) (B) Kuala Lumpur 05-06, Malaysia. Reformed 1963 Federation Malienne d' Athletisme, MALI (MLI) B.P. 595, c.P.P. 1216 Bamako, (1960) (C) Republique du Mali. Malta Amateur Athletic Association, MALTA (MLT) Brantwood, Alley 6, Main Street, (1928) (C) Mosta, Malta G.c. MAURITANIA (MTN Federation d'Athletisme de la (.1962) (C) Republique Islamique de Mauritanie, B.P. 374, Nouakchott, R.I. Mauritania. Mauritius Sports Association, 8 Felicien MAURITIUS (MRI) Mallefille St, Port Louis Mauritius. (1952) (C) Federaci6n'Mexicana de Atletismo, MEXICO (MEX) (1933) (AA) Avenida del Conscripto y Anillo Periferico, Lomas de Sotelo, Mexico 10, D.F. LAOS (LAO) (1958) (C)

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MONGOLIA (MGL) (1960) (C) MONTSERRAT (MNT) (1971) (C) MOROCCO (MAR) (1957)(B) MOZAMBIQUE (MOZ) (1978) (C) NAURU(NAU) (1967) (C) (1948) (C NETHERLANDS (HOL) (1901) (AA) NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (AHO) (1934) (C) Reformed 1962 NEW ZEALAND (NZL) (1887) (AA) NICARAGUA (NCA) (1964) (C) NIGER (NIG) (1961) (C) NIGERIA (NGR) (1944) (A) NORWAY (NOR) (1896) (AA) PAKISTAN (PAK) (1947) (A) PALESTINE (PAL) (1964) (C) formerly GAZA

The Athletic Federation of the Mongolian People's Republic, M.A.F., Baga Toirog 55, Ulan-Batar, Mongolia. Montserrat Amateur Athletic Association, clo P.O. Box 247,· Plymouth, Montserrat, W.!. Federation Royale Marocaine d'AthIetisme, 6 rue Guebbas, Rabat, Morocco. de Atletismo, c.P. 1094, Maputo, Mozambique. Nauru Amateur Athletics Association, G.P.O. Box 33, Nauru Island, Central Pacific. Amateur Athletic Association of Nepal, National Sports Council, Dashrath Rangshala, Tripureshwar, Kathmandu, Nepal. Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek-Unie (KNAU) Bondsbureau, P.O. Box 14444, 3508 SM, Utrecht, Netherlands. Nederlands Antilliaanse Athletiek Unie, clo H. Prince, Santa Rosaweg 22, Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association (Inc.), p.a. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. Federaci6n Nicaraguense de Atletismo, Apartado No: P-46, Managua, Nicaragua, c.A. Federation Nigerienne d'Athletisme, B.P. 215, Niamey, Niger. Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria, p.a. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, West Africa. Norges Fri-Idrettsforbund, Tollbugt 11, Oslo 1, Norway. Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF), clo Lt. Col. M. HanifMalik, Army Sports Control Committee, General HQ, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Palestine Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 26927, Safat, Kuwait.

Federaci6n Panamena de Atletismo, Apartado No: 9764, Panama 4, Republic of Panama. Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic PAPUANEW P.O. Box 997, LAE, Union, GUINEA (NGU) Papua New Guinea. (1961) (C) Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, PARAGUAY (PAR) Palma 591, Asunci6n, Paraguay. (1947) (C) Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, PERU (PER) Estadio Nacional, Puerta 4, 2do. (1918) (B) Piso, Lima, Peru. & Field Philippines Amateur PHILIPPINES (PHI) Association, Rizal Memonal Complex, (1961) (B) M. Adriatico St., Manila, Philippines. Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, 00-372 Warszawa, UI. Foksal19, (1919) (AA Poland. Portuguesa de Atletismo, PORTUGAL (PaR) Av. Infante Santo, 68-7°, F-Lisboa-3, (1921) (B) Portugal. PUERTO RICO (PUR) Federaci6n de Atletismo Aficionada de Puerto Rico, p.a. Box 800, San Juan, (1947) (A) P.R. 00936. Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, QATAR(QAT) P.O. Box 8139, Doha, Qatar. (1963) (C) Federatia Romana de Atletism, Str. ROMANIA (ROM) Vasile Conta 16, 70139 Bucuresti, (1912) (AA) Romania. Federation Rwandaise des Sports, RWANDA (RWA) B.P. 1044, Kigali, Rwanda. (1973) (C) St. Kitt's Amateur Athletic Association, SAINT KITT'S (STK) p.a. Box 122, Basseterre, (1961) (C) St. Kitt's, W.I. St. Lucia Amateur Athletic and SAINT LUCIA (STL) Association, 20 Chisel Street, Castnes, (1978) (C) St. Lucia, W.!. SAINT VINCENT (STV) St. Vincent Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 474, (1955) (C) Kingstown, St. Vincent, W.1.

PANAMA (PAN) (1945) (B)

EL SALVADOR (ESA) (1943) (C)

Federaci6n Salvadorena de Atletismo, Gimnasio Nacional y Edificio San Carlos 6Â° - Piso, Apartado Postal No: 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, CA. SAN MARINO (SMR) Federazione Sammarinese Atletica (1969) (C) Leggera, Palazzo del Turismo, 47031Repubblica di San Marino. SAUDI ARABIA (SAU) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic (1963) (B) Association, P.O. Box 5802, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SENEGAL (SEN) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, (1960) (C) B.P. 1737, Dakar, Republique du Senegal. SEYCHELLES (SEY) Seychelles Amateur Athletic (1977)(C) Federation, P.O. Box 398, Victoria Mahe, Rep. of Seychelles. SIERRA LEONE (SLE) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic (1951) (C) Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, Siaka Stevens Stadium, P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone. SINGAPORE (SIN) Singapore Amateur Athletic ( I934)(C) Association, Newtown, P.O. Box 33 Singapore 9122. SOLOMONS Solomon Islands Amateur Athletic ISLANDS (SOL) Union, P.O. Box 546, Honiara, (1980) (C) Solomon Islands. SOMALIA (SOM) Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, (1959) (C) P.O. Box 523, Mogadiscio, Somalia. SPAIN (ESP) Real Federaci6n Espanola de (1918) (AA) Atletismo, Calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain. SRI LANKA (SRI) Amateur Athletic Association of Sri (1922) (C) Lanka, 368, Galle Road, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka. SUDAN (SUO) Sudan Amateur Athletic Association, (1959) (B) P.O. Box 2655, Khartoum, Sudan. SURINAME (SUR) De Surinaamse Atletiek Bond, (1955) (C) P.O. Box 1758, Paramaribo, Suriname . (South America). SWAZILAND (SWZ) Swaziland Amateur Athletic (1969) (C) Association, P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Swaziland, Southern Africa.

Svenska Fri-Idrottsf6rbundet, Sofiatornet, Stadion S 11433, Stockholm, Sweden. SWITZERLAND (SUI) Schweizerischer Leichtathletikverband, (1905) (AA) Case Postale 2233, CH 3001, Berne, SWitzerland. SYRIA (SYR) Syrian Arab Amateur Athletic . (1952) (C) Federation, Box 421, Damascus, Syna. TANZANIA (TAN) Tanzania Amateur Athletic (1954) (B) Association, P.O. Box 2172, . Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Afnca. TCHAD (CHA) Federation Tchadienne d' Athletisme, ( 1963)(C) B.P. 187, N'Djamena, Tchad. THAILAND (THA) A.A.A. of Thailand, National Stadium, (1948) (B) Rama I Road, Pratomwan, Bangkok, Thailand. TOGO (TOG) Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, (1963) (C) B.P. 2299, Lome, Togo. TONGA (TON) Tonga Amateur Sports Association, clo p.a. Box 80, Nuku'alofa, Tonga, (1962) (C) South Pacific. TRINIDAD & National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, 15 Seukeran TOBAGO (TRI) Street, Les Efforts West, San Fernando, (1945) (B) Reformed 1970 Trinidad, W.1. TUNISIA (TUN) Federation Tunisienne d'AthJetisme, (1957)(B) 13 rue de Cologne, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia. TURKEY (TUR) Tiirkiye Amat6r (1922) (A) Federasyonu, Ulus Isham A Blok Kat: 5,. Ankara, Turkey. TURKS & CAICOS (TKS) Turks & Caicos Amateur Athletic (1977) (C) Association, Cockburn Town, Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands, W.1. UGANDA (UGA) Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, (1925) (B) P.O. Box 20077, Lugogo-Kampala, Uganda. U.S.S.R. (URS) Light Athletic Federation of the (1945) (AA) U.S.S.R., Louzhnetskaja Naberezhnaj 8, 119270 Moscow, V.S.S. R. UNITED ARAB (VAE) V.A.E. Athletics Association, Box EMIRATES 6756, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. (1976) (C) SWEDEN SSWE) (1895) (AA

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The Athletics Congress of The U.S.A., Inc., 155, Washington Street, P.O. Box 120, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A. UPPER VOLTA (VOL) Federation Voltaique d'AthIetisme, (1961) (C) B.P. 772. Ouagadougou, Republiquedu Haute Volta. Confederaci6n Atletica del Uruguay, URUGUAY (URU) Casa de los Deportes, Canelones 982, (1918) (B) Montevideo, Uruguay. VANUATU (VAN) Vanuatu Amateur Athletic Federation, (1965) (C) Box 888, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu. VENEZUELA (VEN) Federaci6n Venezolana de Atletismo, P.O. Box 29059, Caracas 102, (1948) (A) Venezuela. VIETNAM (VIE) Association d'Athletisme Amateur de la (1951) (C) Rep. Socialiste du Vietnam, No. 36, Boulevard Tran Phu, Hanoi, R.S. du Vietnam. VIRGIN ISLANDS (ISV) Virgin Islands Track & Field (1963) (C) Federation, P.O. Box 7400, Sunny Isle, Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 00820. WESTERN SAMOA Western Samoa Amateur Athletic (SAM) Association, P.O. Box 1158, Apia, (1962) (C) Western Samoa. YEMEN ARAB Yemen Amateur Athletic Federation, REPUBLIC (YAR) P.O. Box 2701, Sana'a, Yemen Arab (1976) (C) Republic. PEOPLE'S Yemeni Athletic Federation, do The DEMOCRATIC Supreme Sports Council, P.O. Box 933, Crater, Aden, P.D.R. Yemen. REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (1977) (C) YUGOSLAVIA (YUG) Federation Yougoslave d'Athletisme, Strahiniea Bana 73a, 11000 Beograd, (1921) (AA) Yugoslavia. ZAIRE (ZAI) Federation Zairoise d'Athletisme, B.P. (1949) (C) 1527 Kinshasa 1, Rep du Zaire. ZAMBIA (ZAM) Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, (1949) (C) P.O. Box 80935, Kabwe, Zambia. ZIMBABWE (ZIM) Amateur Athletic Association of (1901) (C) Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 852, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. U.S.A. (USA) (1888) (AA)

DIVISIONll LA.A.F. CONSTITUTION

RULE 1 Definitions

Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running, walking and cross country running. I.A.A.F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation. Member: Any Governing Body for amateur athletics affiliated to the LA.A.F. I.O.c.: International Olympic Committee.

lnternational Athletic Meetings: (a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region). (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members, or combination of Members. (e) International Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA.A.F. so that foreign athletes may take part. See Rule 13, 3 (b). (f) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign athletes may take part. . NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall mclude the feminine, and the singular shall include the plural. 31

RULEl

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation The LA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. A Bureau shall be established in London to carry out the administration of the LA.A.F. in accordance with the decisions of CongressÂˇ and Council. The location may be changed only with the approval of Congress.

RULE 3 Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics, and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimination. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds. 4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members, including Area and Group Championships or Games, shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies who shall then be the only National governing body for athletics which may be recognised by the respective National Olympic Committee, where such a Committee exists. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members, if called upon to do so. H.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletIc competitions, and, as delegated by the LO.C., to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. RULES 2, 3

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9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records, and such other amateur athletIc records as Congress agrees may be recognised. RULE 4 Membership I.-The National Governing Body for amateur athletics in any country or territory shall be eligible for membership. o.nly one Member for each country or territory may be affilIated, and such Member shall be recognised by the LA.A.F. as the only national governing body for all amateur athletics in such country or territory. The jurisdiction of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for membership, together with a copy of the Constitution and rules of the national governing body, shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have power to confirmation at elect to membership provisionally, the next Congress meeting. Any proposal to accept a new Member or to suspend an existing Member, or to re-instate as appropriate a Member suspended by Congress, must obtain two-thirds of the votes cast and such two-thirds must also represent at least half of the total voting power of the LA.A.F. 3.-Membership shall be divided into four groups and any new Member admitted to the LA.A.F. shall be placed in such group as the Congress may decide. The following grouping shall remain until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Australia German Democratic Belgium Republic Brazil Federal Republic Bulgaria of Germany Canada Gt. Britain & People's Republic N. Ireland of China Greece Cuba Hungary Czechoslovakia India Egypt Italy Finland Jamaica France Japan 33

Kenya Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland U.S.S.R. U.S.A. RULE 4

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Algeria Argentina Austria Denmark

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Ireland Korea Kuwait Nigeria

Pakistan Puerto Rico Turkey Venezuela

Barbados Chile Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland Iran Israel

GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Libya Luxembourg Malaysia Morocco Panama Peru Philippines Portugal

Saudi Arabia Sudan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad & Tobagc Tunisia Uganda Uruguay

GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Dominican Republic Ecuador Fiji Gabon Antigua Gambia Bahamas Gibraltar Bahrain Grenada Bangladesh Guatemala Belize Guinea Benin Guyana Bermuda Haiti Bolivia Honduras Botswana Hong Kong British Virgin Islands Indonesia Brunei Iraq Burma Ivory Coast Burundi Jordan Cameroons Khmer Cayman Islands D.P.R. Korea Central African Laos Empire Lebanon Chinese - Taipei Lesotho Comores Liechtenstein Congo Liberia Cook Isl.ands Madagascar Costa Rica Malawi

Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mongolia Montserrat Mozambique Nauru Nepal Netherlands AntiU Nicaragua Niger. . Palestme . Papua New Guinea Paraguay Qatar Rwanda St. Kitts St. Lucia St. Vincent El Salvador San Marino SaoTome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone

Afghanistan Albania Angola

RULES

Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia Sri Lanka Surinam Swaziland Syria Tchad

Togo Tonga Turks & Caicos Islands United Arab Emirates UpperVolta Viet-Nam Vanuatu

Virgin Islands Western Samoa Yemen (AR) Yemen (PDR) Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe

4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to LA.A.F. shall be paid, in advance, by 1st January In accordance with the following scale, with voting strengths of 8-6-4-2 votes for" AA", "A", "B" and "c" respectively:GJoup"AA" £250 Group "A" £150 Group "B" £100 Group "C" £50 Members shall not be permitted to organise or take part in Area or Group Championships or Games if their.subscriptions are unpaid for the current year. No representatIve can be authorised to' take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of the Member he represents or belongs to is unpaid for the current year. . Any Member whose subscription for the current year IS unpaid on the 31st DECEMBER of that year shall be to be suspended at the discretion of the Council. The susp<?nslOn will normally take effect not later than 1st MAY In the following year. 5.---Congress shall decide the name under which a Member is listed and may compete. 6. -In every kind of information, bulletin, competition document etc and on official occasions, the names of the Federations in the language of the organising country must correspond to the exact translation of the namt:s of the Member Federations as laid down in paragraph 5 of thiS Rule. Any abbreviations used for the names of these l?articipati!1g Federations must be in conformity with the offiCIal abbreViations recognised by the LA.A.F. Council. 7. -For the purpose of electing the Council in accordance with Rule 6 (1), or any area Committee, Members are divided into the following Continental Areas:-

RULE 4

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Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burundi Cameroons Central African Empire Comores Congo Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea

AFRICA (46) Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda

SaoTome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda UpperVolta Zambia Zaire Zimbabwe

Afghanistan Bahrain, Bangladesh Brunei Burma Peorle's Republic o China China - Taipei Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq

ASIA (37) Israel Japan Jordan Khmer Korea D.P.R. Korea Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Pakistan

Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Thailand United Arab Emirates Viet-Nam Yemen Yemen AR)

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Denmark Finland France

EUROPE (32) German Democratic Republic Federal Republic of Germany Gibraltar Great Britain & N. Ireland Greece

Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta Netherlands

RULE 4

Norway Poland Portugal Rumania

San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland

Turkey U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

Australia Cook Islands Fiji Nauru

OCEANIA (10) New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga

Vanuatu Western Samoa

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (30) Anguilla Dominican Republic St. Kitts Antigua Grenada St. Lucia Bahamas Guatemala St. Vincent Barbados Haiti El Salvador Honduras Trinidad & Tobago Belize Bermuda Jamaica Turks & Caicos British Virgin Islands Mexico Islands Canada Montserrat U.S.A. Cayman Islands Netherlands Antilles Virgin Islands Costa Rica Nicaragua Cuba Puerto Rico SOUTH AMERICA (13) Colombia Paraguay Ecuador Peru Guyana Surinam Panama U ruguay Venezuela RULES Council I.-The Council shall consist of 19 members as under:(a) President (b) 4 Vice-Presidents (c) Honorary Treasurer (d) One Representative from each of the following six Area Groups:Africa North and Central America Asia Oceania Europe South America (e) Seven members elected as individuals.

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile

RULES 4, 5 I

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Not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-All nominations for the Council shall be sent to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than 3 calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. Nominations can be made only by Members, and, in the case of an Area Group Representative, only by Members in that respective Group. If, at the time of an election, there are fewer candidates than there are vacancies, the President of the meeting may invite Members present to submit additional nominations. 3.-(a) All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means of secret ballots. Elections shall require an absolute majority of the votes cast on the first round and a simple majority on the second round. (Absolute majority equals half the votes cast plus one). (b) Any unsuccessful candidate for any position may, if " also so nominated, be included in a subsequent ballot for any other position. 4.-The elections shall be held in the following order:(i) President: (ii) Four Vice-Presidents: All ballot papers to be valid must register votes for four candidates, no more and no less. If there are 3 or 4 successful candidates from the same Area Group, then only the 2 with the most votes shall be declared elected, and in the next ballot only candidates from the other Area Groups may participate. At its first meeting, the Council shall nominate one of the Vice-Presidents as Senior Vice-President for the purpose of presiding over the Council in the absence of the President. (iii) Honorary Treasurer: (iv) Area Group Representatives: A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group and only those Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (v) Individual Members: All ballot papers to be valid must register votes for seven candidates, no more and no less. 4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The President and all other members of the Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. The Council which is elected at a Congress coinciding with the Olympic Games will not take office until after the Games. RULES

6.-1f, during the first two years of the term of office, a vacancy arises in the Council, for an individual member, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. If, at any time, a position as Area Group Representative becomes vacant, through resignation or otherwise, the Bureau shall, after consultation with the Area Association concerned, arrange for a ballot to be held within 3 months to elect a Representative to hold office until the next Congress. 7.-ln the absence of the President, the Senior VicePresident shall preside over meetings of the Council. 8.-The President and each other member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the LA.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period, and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To examine any proposals from members or Committees which are to be discussed at Congress, and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to all rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (e) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any case of great importance requiring an urgent deCISIon. (f) To decide any dispute that may arise between Members which may be referred to it by any of such Members. (g) To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. (h) To exercise the powers of Suspension and Reinstatement as set out in Rule 11. (i) To notify Members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or Council. ' (j) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and such other records as Congress may decide to recogmse. 39

RULES

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(k) To

(/)

(m)

(n) (0)

(p) (q)

control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. To appoint Technical Delegates for the Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup Competitions, and the official LA.A.F. representative at Area or Group Games or Championships, or Inter-Continental Matches. This representatIve shall, if possible, be from the Council and shall ensure that LA.A.F. Rules are observed. To appoint the General Secretary, who should attend all meetings of the Council and of LA.A.F. Committees. The General Secretary shall be remunerated and shall not be entitled to vote. The General Secretary shall be responsible for the engagement of staff for the Bureau, with the approval of the President and Honorary Treasurer. The Council may also appoint such honorary assistants as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. To promote a Development programme for the benefit of Members requiring assistance in the training of coaches, judges, etc. To nominate one or more Vice-Presidents or members of the Council to undertake special responsibility for the supervision of the Development Programme, or to perform any other special duties subject to the overall control of the Council. To appoint members of the Medical Committee, on the recommendation of the existing members of the Committee. To appoint representatives of the I.A.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature.

RULE 6 President, Vice-Presidents and Honorary Treasurer I.-The President shall preside at all meetings of Congress and Council and shall be an ex-officio member of all Committees. 2.-ln the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the Council may delegate to the President and Honorary RULE 6

Treasurer power to act in a case of urgency in matters, provided that the Council is advised at earlIest opportunity of any action so. taken .. The and Honorary Treasurer shall be entitled to mdemmfy themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. 3.-The Vice-Presidents shall occupy honorary and have equal rights with other members of Cou!1cIl (other than the President) except that the .vIcePresident shall preside over meetmgs of the CouncIl m the absence of the President. RULE? Congresses I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of Council, the Honorary Life-President, the Honorury LIfe Vice-Presidents and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-A Member shall be represented only by its delegates. Notice of the appointment of delegates, certified in writing by the Member they represent, must be lodged with the General Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he I1 represents and shall not have competed as a professional. A Council delegate shall represent only one do not have the right to represent thelf own country dunng the Congress. . 3.-Members included in Group "AA" shall be entItled to eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six v.otes in Group "B" to four votes each; and those m Group C tall two votes each (See Rule 4 (3) for Groups of Membership). Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member. NOTE.-Each delegation shall be provided with an official voting card, bearing the number of votes to that delegation is entitled. Unless a ballot is called for, votzng shall be conducted by show of voting cards. 4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress. 5.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 41

RULES 6, 7

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6.-Special Congress may be by the Council, ,,:nd shall be called if not less than one-thud of the Members gIve notice in writing to the General Sec.retary stating they such a meeting and the reasons relatIng thereto. Upon receIpt of any such notice, the Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress wIthIn three months. 7.-The President shall preside at all Congress meetings. In his absence the Senior Vice-President shall preside. Scrutineers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress. 8.-Qnly the Congress shall have power to approve or alter any constitutional rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the votes cast and such two-thirds must also represent at least one half of the total voting power of the LA.A.F. 9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress, the following Committees: Technical Committee, Women's_ Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country and Road Running Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary. The number of members of such committees and the functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be in accordance with Rule 8. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such elections will be made. 1O.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (5). In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of all elections notified to the General Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and In no sense conflict with any LA.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitted to the Council for approval and referred to the next Congress for amendment or ratification. Regional Associations, Confederations or Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years. ll.-In recognition of valued services given to the I1 LA.A.F., Congress shall be entitled to elect Honorary Life

Presidents, Honorary Life Vice-Presidents and Honorary Life Personal Members, without voting power. . In addition, the Congress, on the recommendation of . Council, may grant the following I.A.A.F. Veteran Pin for long and mentonous servIce to the cause of world athletics within LA.A.F. activities. Normally 8 per Congress shall be . Plaque of Merit for mentonous servIce to the of track and field athletics within the Area Group actIVIties, to be . . . proposed by Area Groups. Admittance to the Hall of Fame for exceptional, mentonous pedormances of outstanding athletes. . . A suitable I.A.A. F. Diploma will be presented to all reCIpIents of the above Awards as well as to Honorary Life Officers and Members.

RULE 7

RULE 8 Committees All Committees shall meet when summoned by the General Secretary and their recommendations shall be repo!ted to Congress. Individual members must come from dIfferent countries. (a) Technical Committee.-.The Committee, to shall be whom all questions concernIng competItlO.n referred shall consist of a Chairman and 15 IndIVIduals. (b) Women's Committee.-:-The C0f!lmittee, to whom all questions women s shall be referred shall consist of a Chauman and 10 IndIVIduals. (c) Walking Committee.-The Walking Committee, to shall be referred, whom all questions concerning shall consist of a Chairman and 10 IndIVIduals. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee.-The Cross Country and Road Running Committee, to ,,:hom all questions concerning Cross Country and Road shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 IndiViduals from various countries. (e) Medical Committee.-The Medical .to whom all questions of a medical nature concermng athletiCS shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and up to 12 individuals, to include as far as possible at least one representative from every Continent. RULES 7, 8 â&#x20AC;˘

RULE 9 Languages At all Meetings each Member may speak in his own language. Simultaneous translations must be made in Arabic, German, Russian and Spanish in addition to English French. translation .'nay be made from and mto any language required, if possible, and if the cost of thIS can be met by or on behalf of the Member requesting th.e The ConstitutIOn and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and other communications shall be in such languages as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of any text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 10 Alterations to Rules i.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alterations or additions to the constitutional rules of the LA.A.F. may be made qnly by a Member, the Council or by an Area Council or Congress and, with the exception of proposals from the must reach the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. at least SIX calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. All proposals shall be sent to Members at least four calendar months before such Congress. No proposals shall be considered without the notice specified herein. 2.-Technical rules. Proposals to amend the technical rules may be made. only by a Member, by the Council, by members of the CouncIl or by members of permanent committees, and must be. sent to the Secretary of the LA.A.F. so as to reach him at least SIX. months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. He shall submit them to the appropriate committee fOf'advice and recommendations. 3.-.Alterations to the technical rules will normally only be considered by Congress every four years, at the time of the Olympic Games, and will not become effective until April 1st 11 of the following year. Urgent proposals for to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at the next Congress, if they reach the General Secretary later than 6 months pnor to Congress. RULES 9,10

A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before each Congress. 4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 5, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously. RULE 11 Suspensions and Reinstatement i.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member, or athlete from international competition, until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member, or athlete from international competition, for so long as shall be stated in its decision. Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or Congress must notify the Member or athlete (through the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity of the Member or athlete of being heard. 2.-0n the application of any Member, the Council may reinstate any athlete who by reason of any infringement of the LA.A.F. Rules has become ineligible to take part in competition under LA.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. by the Member responsible for the athlete concerned. Such application shall give in detail the circumstances leading to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for reinstatement. RULE 12 International Meetings-Competitors Competing Abroad-Qualification of Competitors I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. must apply:(a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games, open to all LA.A.F. Members in the Area or Region.

RULES 10, 11, 12

qrouP. Games or Championships (i.e. other ChampIOnshIps or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group). (d) Matches between two or more Members or com.' bination of Members. (e) I?ternational Invitation meetings specifically sanctioned by the LA. A.F. so that foreign athletes may take part. (See Rule 13.3 (b)). ([) Other meetings specifically sanctioned by a Member so that foreign .athletes take part. 2.-AI.I InternatIOnal Meetmgs or any meetings in which any foreIgn athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. In order to obtain the sanction referred to in 12, 1 (e), a Member must apply on behalf of the meeting organiser to the LA.A.F. for a per!TIit. (See Rule 13,3 (b)). Before sanctIOnmg any International Meeting under Rule 12, 1 (e) or 1 ([) above, the LA.A.F. or Member must obtainfrom the promoter an undertaking in writing:(a) that all LA.A.F. Rules and Regulations will be observed; (b) that i!1 particular, the Rules relating to expenses will be stnctly followed; (c) that all prizes will be of a lasting nature intended for the athlete himself, and shall not exceed the value of U.S.$250 (or its equivalent in other currencies); (d) that an all such expenses paid will be forwarded wIthm 30 days to the Member sanctioning such a meeting, if requested by that Member. . 3.-No.athlete or club.may take part,in an athletic meeting m a country wIthout the wntten approval of his shal.l allow any foreign governmg body, and no to enter. any . competitIOn .wIthout such permit certifymg that he IS elIgIble and permItted to compete in the country concerned. 4.-.In the participation of an athlete at an athlt:tIC meetmg m a foreign country, the Member should specIfy the. number of days for which the athlete and any accompanymg manag.er or coach is permitted to receive expenses and the dally allowance as detailed in Rule 14 "Expenses", paragraphs 1 and 2. After the .meeting, the Member may request an account of expenses paId. (c)

RULE 12

5.-Any athlete competing in any foreIgn country than in international meetings as above defined) shall, m respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. 6.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation. The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the such participation of one or more of its athletes, authorisation shall be granted on the express condItIon that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body- shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (3), the first President of the institution granting the scholarship submit to the Member, in whose country the educatIOnal institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member for the athlete's country. 8.-ln Olympic Games and World Championships in Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (t.e. categories 1 (a) and 1 (b) of Rule 12) Members shall be represented only by citizens (by birth or naturalisation or registration) of the country which the affiliated Member acquiring citizensh.ip by represents, or by athletes the procedure legally recogmsed m that country, excep! m the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be ehgIble to represent the mother country in any such meeting, if such colony is not represented by membership?f the I.A:A.F.. Having once represented any Member m a meetmg whIch comes within the categories defined in 1 (a) and 1 (b), contestant may thereafter represent any other Member In such a meeting except in the following circumstances:-

RULE 12

(a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty. (c) The election to membership of the LA.A.F. of the

national governing body of a colony not previously directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage. (e) Residence in a country for at least three years since the date when the athlete last represented another Member, and, if there are legal provisions for acquiring citizenship of that country, compliance with such provisions. The period of residence may be reduced to one year, if the two Members concerned agree, and if the Council of the LA.A.F. approves. 9.-Athletes from a National Federation or some other Athletics Organisation which is not an affiliated Member of the LA.A.F. may compete in any competition except for meetings listed under paragraph 1 (a) and (b) of Rule 12 against athletes under the jurisdiction of a Member,_ provided:(a) that the Federation or Organisation concerned is not at that time suspended by the LA.A.F. or excluded from particular categories of competition; (b) that the athletes concerned are amateurs; (c) that the prior permission of the Council is given upon the application of the Member in the country or territory where the competition is to take place, or of the Member wishing to send athletes to compete in a nonMember country or territory; (d) that where the competition is held in a non-Member country or territory, the Member must obtain an undertaking from the organising body that in all other respects, the rules of the LA.A.F. will be observed.

RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships _ Meetings requiring an I.A.A.F. Permit I.-The LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanction World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The LA.A.F. shall organise World Championships in Athletics in the third year of each Olympiad. RULES 12,13

3 (a) Area or Group C;:hamplO.nships or lnter-II Continental Matches; Meetmgs of FlVe or more countrles. Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required, unless the I.A.p'-.F. Council decides otherwise, for all Area or Group ChampIonships or Games, matches and for any other athletic meetmgs m teams from .five or rr:ore countries participate except where. otherwIse provIded by the Rules. The application for a permIt must be f!lade to LA.A.F., accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ100 (or Its sponsonng Member for equivalent in other currencies) by . such sanction except for the OlympIC Games.. All application forms must be completed m detatl and lodged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. not. than date of t.he ChampIonshIps or twelve months prior to Games in question .. must ensure. that countries to whom mVltatlOns are sent are m of participate the LA.A.F. and any other country must apply to the LA.A.F. f<:)f whIch must have been granted prior to .thelr entry bemg accepted. Such three months before the applications must be receIved at date of the opening of the promotIOn concerned. The LA.A.F. shall not sanction any Area or. Group Championships or without first having an unqualified undertakmg that the necessary permIssIon for visiting athletes and to enter the the competition is to be held WIll be forthcommg suffiCIently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at t.he Championships or Games. Should it subsequently that these undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the Competition shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee.

3 (b) International Invitation Sanction of the LA.A.F. IS reqUIred for International Invitation Meetings under 12,1 (e). " The application for a permit must be: on form, accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ 100 sterlIng or Its eqUIvalent In other currencies, by the Member concerned on behalf of the Meeting organisers. . " All application forms must be completed m detaIl and lodged at the LA.A.F. Headquarters ,not. later .than September 30th in the year prior to the meetmg m questIOn, 49

RULE 13

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RULE 15 Provision of Equipment and Services Athletes may accept assistance in the .of equipment and services required for training and competitIon, subject to the control of the national governing body. . Such assistance may include the followmg Items:(a) Sports equipment and clothing; . When manufacturers are prepared. to issues of implements or personal eqUIPIll:ent, dIstnbution shall be controlled through the natIOnal governing body. . ' .. (b) Insurance cover for accidents, Illness, dIsabIhty and personal property; . () Cost of medical treatment and physIotherapy; . Coaches and trainers authorised by the natIOnal governing body. . . If an athlete is authorised to avaIl hImself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a RULE 14 masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and Expenses payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete; . I.-The following rules shall apply to expenses allowed to (e) Accommodation, Food, Transport, Education and 11 athletes competing in International Meetings under Rule Professional Training. 12 (1):These shall be limited to the daily allowance and to the RULE 16 actual outlay for transport, travel, insurance, meals, lodging and a subvention for hardship for the minimum time they are Subventions to Assist Athletes reqUIred to be absent trom their normal residence. I.-Where a National Gover,ning. Body, full (a) Expenses payable in respect of Meetings under Rule It may prOVIde, ?r investigation, considers it 12 (1) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (t) shall be a matter for arrange for the of a to an to .assI.st decision by the Member or Members concerned. him in the expenses mcurred m trammg for or partiCIpatIon m 2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to (a) (f). any competitIon under Rule 12 (1), athletes must not exceed U.S. $10 or its equivalent in other 2.-An athlete must not accept any subventIOn the currencies, payable for the minimum time they are required to prior permission in writing of his National Goven:tmg Body. 11 be absent from their normal residence. 3.-The Council of the LA.A.F. may request mformatIOn 3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all from Members concerning the payments of any such financial transactions. subventions. (b) The athlete's own national governing body may RULE 17 authorise the national governing body under whose Advertising within the Arena jurisdiction he is for the time being competing to refund to the athlete travelling expenses as defined in paragraph 1. At International meetings within Categories l(a), (b) and 4.-Payment of travelling expenseS in respect of (e) of Rule 12, advertising within the by the competition under Rule 12, paragraph 1 (e) and (f) is limited running track or elsewhere where competition IS takmg place to a total of 60 days in each calendar year. RULES 15, 16, 17 51 RULE 14 50 4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend every meeting where a Permit is required at the expense of the organisers to ensure that the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. are complied with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to him by the Organisers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles, first class return air travel shall be provided. Accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later than the final day of the championships or the athletic section of the games. Such representative shall render his report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter.

is not permi tted. Manu factur ers' labels or trade marks on equip ment used within the compe tition arena must be limite d to one mark on each piece of equipm ent and the height of the not exceed 25 mm. At meetings within the charac ters where manuf acture rs have meas';Iring or for I?ent eqUlP supplI ed publIc, at the dIscretion of the to atlOn mform or for acture r's name may manuf the ittee, Comm smg Org;am the appea r m the arena on signs which do not exceed 200 cm x 40 cm. is n.o ?bject ion to. advert ising materi al outsid e the the stadIUm but outsid e the compe tition stadIUm, or appea r in progra mmes and on may nts Adver tiseme Meeti ng organi sers may also g. meetm the of s notice s or poster ackno wledg e the sponso rs of meetin gs by official made at the comm encem ent of the meetin g and Immed Iately after the last event. ELIG IBILI TY AND AMATEUR STATUS

RULE 51 Definition of Amate ur An amate ur is one who abides by the eligibility rules of the LA.A .F. RULE 52 " Restri ction of Comp etition to Amate urs Comp etition under I.A.A .F. rules is restric ted to amate ur who are under the jurisdi ction of a Memb er, and who are eligIble to compe te under LA.A .F. rules.

RULE 53

Ineligibility for Intern ationa l Competition following person s are ineligible to take part in competitio ns under LA.A .F. rules. Any person who: meetin g under LA.A .F. p<;trt in any (i) has etitors in any of the coml? the rules m WhICh any of ble to compe te ineligi edge, events , were, to hIS knowl apply to any not does This under. I.A.A :F. Rules. Veter an age the to ted restric is which g athleti c meetm years and 35 and men for over and years group s (40 over for wome n); RULE S 17, 52, 53

(ii) takes part in any athleti c meetin g which is not sancti oned, recogn ised or certifi ed by the Memb er in the countr y in which the event is held; (iii) is, and for so long as he remain s, ineligible to compe te in compe titions under the jurisdi ction of his nation al govern ing body; . (iv) contra venes Rule 144 ("Dop ing"); (v) has comJ?eted in aoy sport or has taught , traine d or coach ed m any sport for any pecun iary reward ; The Counc il is empow ered, howev er, to declar e eligible any person who has receiv ed pecun iary reward s in a sport other than athleti cs, if it is satisfied that the practic e of that sport is not of direct help for any athleti c event. NOTE .-Phys ical education teachers whose work is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs. (vi) has at any time been financially intere sted in any athleti c meetin g in which he was entere d; (vii) writes , lecture s or broadc asts for payme nt upon any track or field event or compe tition withou t the prior permis sion in writing of his nation al govern ing body. This permis sion must be given only in the case of a person who is genuin ely makin g a career in that partic ular activity; (viii) allows his name, pictur e or athleti c perfor mance to be used for advertising, excep t when this is conne cted with a contra ct for sponso rship or equipm ent entere d into by his nation al govern ing body, and any resulti ng payme nt or benefi t goes to the nation al govern ing body. NOTE .-It is permitted for an athlete to benefit from such contracts only within the limits laid down in Rules 15 and 16. (ix) while compe ting displays on his person anyad vertising materi al other than the accep ted name of his club or organi sation , or takes on to any arena or course any form of advert ising materi al. This rule shall apply to the clothing and travell ing bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible, nor to compe titors' numbe r cards provid ed that rule 142 para 5 is compl ied with;

RULE 53

Where Members authorise contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition of lettering on number cards, Members are recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed 150 mm x 25 mm and to ensure that the same style or number is issued to and worn by all competitors, and that such numbers are not in any way. (See also Rule 142 para 5). cut or (x) accepts or indirectly any money or other consIderatIOn for expenses or loss of earnings other . than is permitted under Rules 14, 15 and i6; (Xl) enters a contract or agreement to compete as a profeSSIOnal athlete. NOTE.-Suspensions and Reinstatement-see Rule 11. RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competiti?n under LA.A.F. Rules, the eligibility of an athlete competmg shall be guaranteed by the governingbody of the country to which the athlete belongs.

DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS RULE 101 All international competitions, as defined in Rule 12 para 1, shall be held under the rules of the Internationa. Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings.

SECTION I OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES RULE 111 Officials of the Meeting The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) JURY OF ApPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

Orie (or more) Referees for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Running Events Outside the Stadium One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events

RULES 53, 54

RULES 101, 111

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Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One !or morel Starters One or more Recallers " One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One or more Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal One (or more) Wind Gauge Operators One Chief Photofinish 1udge Two Assistant Photofinish Judges One (or more) Measurements Judges (Electronics) ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. Referees and Chief Judges should be indicated by a distinctive armband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should "however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. Where women's events are held, there shall be appointed a woman doctor when possible. RULE 112 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and shall prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shall receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting. RULES 111, 112, 113

RULE 114 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager shall act. directly .under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible f?r seeIng that the for fiel.d track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and landIng events are properly laid out, als? that. all eqUIpment IS according to specification and readily for appr<?val by the appointed RefereeÂˇ, and that sconng, result and time recording cards are prepared. See also 8:ule 127. RULE 115 Jury of Appeal a Jury of In Area or Group Games or Appeal, which should normally consist not less than three nor more than five persons, shall be appoInted. . The primary function of the Jury shall be to deal WI .all other matters ansIng protests under Rule 147, and .with during the course of the meetmg which are referred to them for decision. Their decision shall be final. While in general the Jury should not intervene cours.e of a meeting, if they observe any matte! WhiCh, m thelf they should. diSCUSS such matter opinion, with the responsible offiCial and offer adVice as to what should be done. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. See also Rule 147 "Protests". RULE 116 Referees 1.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and for events outside the stadium. When electronic measuring devices are used for distance throws, one or more Measurement Judges (Electronics) shall be nominated. 2.-It shall bethe responsibility of a Referee to see.that t.he rules are observed and decide any technical points which anse during the Meeting, and for which provision has not apparently been made in these rules. The Referee shall have. 57

RULES 114, 115, 116

to decide any placings in a race, only when JUdges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. The Referee shall on no account act as a Judge or Umpire. See Rules Ii7 and 118 for the duties ofJudges and Umpires. .3 .-Referees shall Judges to particular events if this has not been prevIOusly arranged, specifying the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are mformed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performances; check the final results and deal with any points. See also Rule 117 (i). 4.-The Referee shall decide on the ground any protest or objectIOn as to the conduct of the competition. The sh,:lll have the power to warn or exclude any for Improper conduct from the corresponding competitIOn. indicated the athlete by showing a Warnings may yellow. card, exclusIOn by showmg a red one. Warnings and exclusI0l1:S shall be. e.ntered on the competition card. 5.-If m the OpInIOn of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting that justice demands that any event should be contested agam, he shall have power to declare the event void and such events shall.be held again, either on the same day or on some future occaSIOn, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. See also Rule 142 (6). shall have power to change the place of the cOmpetitIOn m any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. 7 .-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. See also Rule 124. RULE 117 Judges

General to the. rules laid down by the National exct?pt In the case of the Olympic Games and the organisers of the meeting shall appomt the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall ASSOCIation

RULES 116; 117

allocate the duties among the Judges. Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track. . 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same of the track, shall decide the order in which finish and in any case where they cannot arnve at a deCISIOn shall ;efer the matter tc the Referee, who shall decide . NOTE i.-The Judges should be placed at least five metres from and in line with the finish, and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. . 2.-A photo-finish apparatus should be avatlable for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. (See Rule ii9 para 3 L 3.-See also Rule 120 paragraph 3 for duties of "Chief Photofinish Judge".

Field Events 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each vali.d trial of the competitors in all events in which the result IS determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pol.e made when the bar IS vault, precise measurements should raised. particularly if records are bemg attempted. At least two Judges should keef a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end 0 each round. The appropriate Judge shall indicate the validity or nonvalidity of a trial by raising a white or red flag as the case may be. RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such as the Referee may determine to watch the competition of the: rules ?y a closely and, in case of a foul or competitor or other person, to make an Immediate wntten report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Any such breach of the rules should be indicated by the raising of a flag. 4.-A sufficient number of Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points.

RULES 117,118

NOTE.-When an umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, he should immediately mark on the track with adhesive tape where the runner ran outside his lane. RULE 119 Timekeepers I.-Two methods of timekeeping shall be recognised as official:- hand timing (Rule 119) and fully automatic electrical timing (Rule 120).

Hand timing: 2.-Hand times shall be taken by timekeepers using either stopwatches or manually operated electronic timers with digItal readouts. All such timing devices are included in the word "watches" throughout this rule. 3.-Three official timekeepers (one of whom shall be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two additional timekeepers shall time the winner of every event. The times recorded by the additional Timekeepers' watches, shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails to record the time properly, in which case the additional Timekeepers shall be called upon,. in such order as has been decided previously, so that in all races three watches should have recorded the official winning time. Whenever possible, times for all finishers, lap times in races of 800 m and over, and times at every 1000 m in races of 3000 m and over, shall be recorded, either by additional Timekeepers or by first place Timekeepers using watches capable of taking more than one time. 4.-Each Timekeeper shall act independently and without showing his watch to, or discussing his time with, any other person, enter his time on the printed form, and after signing the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper, who may examine the watches to verify the reported times. 5.-The Chief Timekeeper shall then decide what is the official time for each competitor, applying, as necessary, the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. 6.-In the event of two of the three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the middle time shall be official. Should only two times be available, and if they disagree, the longer time shall be official. RULE 119

7.-For all hand-timed races on the track the times shall be returned to 1I1Oth second. The times for races partly or entirely outside the stadium shall be converted to the next longer full second, i.e. for the Marathon 2h.09:44.3 shall be returned as 2hr.09:45. If the hand of the watch stops between two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1I100th second watch, or an electronic manually operated digital timer, is used, all times not ending in zero in the second decimal shall be rounded to the next longer 1I1Oth second, i. e. 10.11 shall be read as 10.2. 8.-The time shall be taken from the flash/smoke of the pistol or approved starting apparatus to the moment at which any part of the body of the competitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. 9.-The Timekeepers shall be in line with the finish and outside the track. Wherever possible, they should be placed at least five metres from the outside lane of the track. In order that they may all have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. RULE 120 Photo-Finish Judges Fully Automatic Electrical Timing: I.-Fully automatic electrical timing must utilise equipment which is started automatically and which records the finish time automatically. All other timing devices and procedures shall either be considered hand times or shall be unacceptable. 2.-Fully automatic timing equipment must be approved by the National Association of the country where the competition is held. It must be started automatically through a contact on the Starter's pistol, or any similar apparatus, at the instant of the flash from the charge. The finish must be recorded through a camera, with a vertical slit, positioned in the extension of the finish line, on a continuous film by a photo-finish procedure: The film must also be synchronised with a uniformly marked time-scale graduated in 1I100ths of a second. The times and places should be read from the film with a special device guaranteeing 61

RULES 119, 120

perpendicularity between the time-scale and the reading line. The time should be read to the next longer 1I100th of a second. 3.-The Chief Photo-finish Judge shall be responsible for the functioning of the timing device. In conjunction with his two Assistants, he shall determine the placesÂˇ of the competitors and their respective times. . 4.-If possible, there should be at least two photofimsh cameras in action, one from each side. (NOTE: Where any possibility exists offailure of the timing device, hand times should be taken.by back-up Timekeepers.) 5.-Fully automatic electric be as official unless for any reason the ChIef TImekeeper decIdes that they obviously must be inaccurate. If such is the case, the times of the back-up Timekeepers shall be official. 6.-Fully automatic timekeeping equipment shall be used at all meetings under Rule 12 paragraph 1 (a) and, wherever possible, (b) and (c). 7.-For all races up to and including 10,000 m, the time shall be read from the photo-finish picture in 1I100th second and shall be recorded in 1I100th second. For all races on the track longer than 10,000 m, the time shall be read in 1I100th second and shall be converted to the next longer 1I1Oth second and recorded in 1I1Oth, i.e. for 20 km, 59:26.32 shall be recorded as 59:26.4. For all races partly or entirely outside the stadium the time shall be read in 1I100th second and shall be converted to the next longer whole second, i.e. for Marathon, 2h. 09:44.32 shall be recorded as 2h. 09:45. 8.-A timing device which operates automatically. at either the start or the finish, but not at both, shall be consIdered to produce neither hand nor fully automatic times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official times. NOTE.-See also Rule 148 for World Records and Rule 195, paragraph 6 (b), for Heptathlon and Decathlon events. RULE 121 The Starter and Recallers I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race, except as provided in (4) below. The Starter shall ascertain that the Timekeepers and Judges are ready. RULES 120, 121

2.-ln all races started in lanes, the Starter should use a for the microphone to relay his commands to runner in each lane. Where such a deVIce IS not used, Starter shall so place himself that the distance between hIm and each of the competitors is same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place hImself In such a apparatus should be placed position, the pistol or there and discharged bf electnc contact. See also Rule 162 "The Start and Finish". 3.-During the races one or more Recallers shall be I 4 provided iri order to assist the Starter. NOTE.-For events of 200 m, 400 rn, Hurd es, x 100 m and 4 x 400 m, it is advisable to provIde tW? .Recallers. 4.-The Recaller(s) shall assist in the of the regularity of the start. In case of any start WhICh does comply with the requirements. for a start, he shall the sign of a recall by firing a PIStOl. A SIgn of recall can also ae given by the Starter. See also Rule 162, Paragraph 8. 5.-The Recaller(s) shall place himself so he (they) may see equally each competitor assIgned to hIm (them).'..... 6.-The warning and dIsqualIficatIon Included In Rule 162 may be applied only by the Starter. RULE 122 Starter's Assistants I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on breast and one be on the back. Stations In events at all dIstances numbered from left to right, facing the direction of runmng. 2.-They mus.t place each co.mpetitor in his lane or on an assembly hne thr<:e station, assemblIng the metres behind the startmg lIne (m the case of races started III echelon, similarly behind each starting lin<:), and when so all IS ready. When a placed they shall signal to the fresh start is ordered the Starter s ASSIstants shall assemble the competitors again. , . 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsIble for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to marks , the Starter's Assistants must see that no competItor 63

RULES 121, 122

places either fingers, hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish". RULE 123 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1500 to 5000 metres. For races exceeding 5000 metres and for Walking events a number of Lap Scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as given to them by an official TimekeeEer) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No ap Scorer should record for more than four competitors (six in the case of Walking events). 2.-A special Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the ringing of a bell or otherwise. RULE 124 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, together with the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee, the Chief Timekeeper or Chief Photo-Finish Judge, as well as the information provided by the Wind Gauge operator. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. See Rule 116, (7) and Rule 126.

RULE 126 The Announcer The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers ?f the co.mpetitors taking part in each event, and all relevant such as the composition of the heats, lanes or statIOns drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights .?nd distances) of each event should be announced at the earlIest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. See also Rule 124. RULE 127 The Official Surveyor The Track and distances which are to be contested as well as the. circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the FIeld events, shall have been measured in advance by an official surveyor. He shall to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meetmg, certificates as to correctness. See Rule 145. RULE 128 The Wind Gauge Operator The gauge shall ensure that the gauge is erected m accordance WIth Rule 149. He shall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropriate shall then record and sign the results obtained and events commUnIcate them to the Recorder.

RULE 125 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials, and competitors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULES 122, 123, 124, 125

RULES 126, 127, 128

SECTIONll RULES FOR COMPETITION RULE 141 Entries l.-Competitions under LA.A.F. Rules are to amateurs in accordance with the LA.A.F. Rules relatmg to the eligibility of athletes to compete. See Rules 51-54.. . 2.-No competitor shall be allowed to compete .hls own country unless his is guaranteed III wrItmg by the National Federation of his country, .and he. has permission from such body to compete. In all mternatlOnal competitions, such guarantee of the amateur. status. of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive, for tl.me bemg, <?f the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objectIOn as to hiS status shall be referred to the LA.A.F. Women's Events 3.-For all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), .the Organising Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every for. Women's events be of accompanied by a certificate Issued under the Rule 141 (4) or by a photostat copy there<?f, or the will be required to appear before the Medical Panel appomted . to act at the meeting concerned. 4.-When an athlete has appeared before a Panel and been declared eligible to compete In Women s events the Panel shall forward to the LA.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register. Upon request. from t.he National Federation, the LA.A.F. will issue a certificate m respect of any athlete whose name appears on the Register. I

Failure to participate . . 5.-At all meetings under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), It IS recommended that a competitor exclude? from participation in further events, includmg relays, m cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that t.he athlete .v.:ou1d to start in an event but then he or she without giving a valid reason, so that It not practicable to delete the name officially from the lIst of starters for that event; RULE 141

(2) he or she qualified in preliminaries or heats for further participation in an event but then did not compete further without givin,g a valid reason. NOTE.-A fixed time Jor the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance. .' RULE 142 The Competition I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition, the athletes using only equipment authorised by the rules of the LA.A.F. 2.-ln matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangement should be made previous to the meeting. Clothing 3.-1n all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean and so designed and worn as not to be The clothing must be made of a material which is nontransparent even if wet. In Olympic Games or any Area Games or Championships competitors shall participate in the uniform clothing officially approved by their National Federation. Shoes and Spikes 4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance, and no spring or device of any kind may be incorporated in the shoes. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted. Number of Spikes The sole and the heel of the shoes may have spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six III the sole proper and two in the heel, with the exception of the High Jump and the Javelin Throw, where a maximum of four spikes in the heel is permitted. . NOTE.-Provisions may be made on the sole and the heels for changing the position ofthe spikes, always provided that the maximum number is not exceeded.

RULES 141, 142

.......

--------

Length of spikes

The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres in length or 4 millimetres in diameter. When a competition is conducted on an all-weather synthetic track, the part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 9 millimetres with the exception of the High Jump and the Javelin Throw, where the part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 12 millimetres.

The Sole and the Heel

The Sole and/or the heel may also have grooves, ridges, indentations or protuberances, provided that any ridges or protuberances are constructed of the same or similar material to the basic sole itself. Such ridges or protuberances are to be regarded as part of the sole, the total thickness of which must not exceed 13 millimetres. The thickness of the heel, including any ridges or protuberances, must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more 13 To the .heel the jar of impact In long JumpIng and tnple JumpIng, the competitor may increase the thickness of the heel itself, or include a pad inside the shoe so that the total thickness of heel and pad in an uncompressed state, does not exceed 25 millimetres. Competitors may not use any appliance, ei!her or outside the shoe, which will have the effect of IncreasIng the thickness of the shoe above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0.5 inches) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs. NlIInbers

5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers correspond with the number in the programme. If track SUits are worn in the competition. numbers must be the track suit in a similar manner. In the pole vault and high Jump. the competitors may wear the ?n .the back .or front only. Where photo-finish eqUlP.ment IS In .operatIOn, the mt.:cting organisers may rcqlllfe competitors to wear RULE 142

additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side ot their shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition witnout the appropriate number or numbers. The name of a sponsor may appear on a competitor's number card only when authorised by the Member organising or sanctioning the meeting. The size shall not exceed approximately 150 mm x 25 mm and the same style of number card shall be issued to all competitors taking part.

Obstruction on the Track 6.-Any -competitor jostling, running across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. See alsol?ule 116, (5).

Running out of Lanes 7 .-In all races run in lanes each competitor shall keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. 8.-If the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that a competitor has deliberately run outside his lane, he shall disqualify him; but if the Referee considers that such action was unintentional, he may at his discretion disqualify, if he is of the opinion that a material advantage was gained thereby. See table on page 70.

Absence during Competition 9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. In road races, and in track walking events of20 km or more, a competitor may leave the road or track with the permission and under the control of a judge, provided that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered. In field events and Decathlon and Heptathlon events, with the permission of and accompanied by a judge, a competitor may leave the immediate area of the track during the progress of the competition. 69

RULE 142

- -

Track 400 metres Stride 2.30m Number of Strides I

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Advantage Gained by Encroaching tern on Inside of Lane t

= 50mm mm 4 7 11 14 18 22 25 29 33 36

t = lOOmm

= 150mm

mm 7 14 22 29 36 44 51 58 65

mm 11

22 33 44 54 65 76 87 98 109

t = 300mm mm 22 44 66 88 109 131 153 175 197 219

Thi.s table shows, mathematically, the theoretical advantage gained by taking from 1 to 10 strides inside the inner border of a lane. The distances are shown in millimetres. e.g. four strides 150mm inside gives an advantage of 44mm.

lO:-Except with the prior approval of the Referee, no officIal nor any other person within the arena shall indicate any intermediate times to competitors.

Giving Assistance, Advice or Information

l1.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and In (Marathon races and long walking races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person. "Assistance" includes conveying advice or information to an athlete by any means and pacemaking. See Rule 148 Paragraph 7(b). Any athlete receiving advice or information must be cautioned by the referee and warned that for any repetition, he will be debarred from further participation in the competition. Any performance accomplished up to that time will stand. A wind sock should be positioned near the take-off ground in all jumping events, to show the athlete the approximate direction and strength of the wind.

l2.-Simultaneous Entries: If a competitor is entered in both a track event and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition. RULE 142

-------------

---

-------.

B.-In a Field event, no competitor is allowed to have more one trial recorded in anyone round of the competition. 14.-Delay: A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. It is a matter for the Refer.ee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what IS an delay. officIal shall,indicate to the competitor that all. IS for the tnal to begm, and the period allowed for thIS tnal sh<rll commence from that moment.

The following times, which must not be regarded as imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the ca.se ofthe High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Dtscus, Hammer and Javelin, 1'12 minutes; and' (b) In the case of the Pole Vault 2 minutes. The time shall beg,in w,hen the uprights have been adjusted to the sattsfactlOn of the competitor. For a second delay at any during the competition, he shall be debarred fr<?m takmg any further trials, but any performance accomplIshed up to that time shall stand. l5.-The have the power to change the place of the competItIon m any field event if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shah be made only after a round has been completed. 16.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes. See Rule (3), may not !TIake check-marks or place alongSIde the runnmg track for their assistance. objects on 17 .-Sconng: In matches where the result of a match is to determined by scoring of points, the method of scoring wII!, unless otherwIse agreed by all the competing l:ountries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5,3,2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams. with two competitors in each event, or teams WIth three competitors in each event, or SIX teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3,2, 1. (e) In relay races with two teams: 5,2. In relay races with three teams: 7, 4,2.' In relay races with six teams: 7,5,4,3,2,1.

NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete 71

RULE 142

in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller.

Up to 200 metres Over 200 metres to 1000 metres Over 1000 metres

RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions Track Events i.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting together with the appointed Technical Delegates where appropriate. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.--When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered, and the heats so drawn that norm,ally the best performers will reach thefinal. 3.-In competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round, and it is recommended that where possible at least three in each heat should qualify. Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where any competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after these rounds have been made up. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final:

Field Events 7.-.In any field event! a qualifying competition must be .If necessary, to decide who shall compete in the comproper. Performances accomplished shall not be part of the competition proper. The qualifying shall be ar.ranged by the Committee conducting the meetIng With the appointed Technical Delegates Nhere appropnate. The shall c?mpete in the order drawn by lot and, where. pOSSible, their names shall be placed in the programme In order drawn. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump .and Pole Vault! each competitor be allowed three tnals. A competitor once having achieved the qualifying standard shall not be allowed to in the competition. At the end of the competition the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot. major where there are enough to a, a IS recommended that the qualifying be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are for the groups to compete at the same time and un er s.l1!llla.r cond,awns, the second group should start the competltwn Immediately the first group has finished. RULE 144 Doping i.-Doping is strictly forbidden. 2.-Doping is the use by or distribution to an athlete of substances have the effect of improving artificially the athlete s phYSical and/or mental conditIOn and so his athletic performance. . 3.-DopIng substances, for the purpose of this rule comprise the following groups:' (a) Psychomotor: stimula'}t drugs, e.g. Amphetamine, benzphetat:nme, cocame, diethylpropion, dimethylamphetamme, ethylamphetamine, fencamfamin, methylphenidate, fenproporex, norpseudoephednne, pemolIne, phendimetrazine,

RULE 143

45 minutes 90 minutes 180 minutes

RULES 143, 144

- ,

phenmetrazine, phentermine, pipradoi, prolintane, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (b) Sympathomimetic amines: e.g. ephedrine, methoxyphenamine, methylephedrine, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (c) Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants: e.g. amiphenasole, bemigride, leptazol, nikethamide, strychnine, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. (d) Narcotic Analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine, dextromoramide, dipipanone, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds.

NOTE.-Codeine is permitted for therapeutic uses. (e) Anabolic steroids, e.g. methandienone, nandrolone

decanoate, oxymetholone, nandrolone phenyloproprionate, stanozolol, testosterone and its esters, and chemically or pharmacologically related compounds. The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of doubt as tb other substances which may be regarded as doping substances shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this rule, the actual doping substance must be identified. 4.-Doping controls conducted under LA.A.F. Doping Control Regulations shall take place at LA.A.F. meetings under Rule 12, paragraph l(a) and l(b) and, wherever possible l(c). In addition, doping controls shall be held if ordered by the LA.A.F., or by the Area or National governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning a meeting. Doping controls shall be carried out under the supervision of a Doping Committee for the meeting. At meetings under Rule 12, paragraphs l(a) and l(b) this Doping Committee shall include:(I) The Medical Delegate (Chairman) (2) A member or representative of the LA.A.F. Medical Committee (3) A qualified medical officer of the organising country Before the event, the criteria for selecting the athletes to be controlled shall be determined by the Doping Committee. This should be either on a final position basis and/or a random RULE 144

basis, but not by selection of named individuals. The total number of athletes tested may depend on the capacity of the Laboratory. Additional controls may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee. 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, if so in writing by the responsible official, submit to a d?pmg control (see Appendix 1). Refusal to do so will result in dIsqualification from the competition and the athlete will be deemed to have rendered himself ineligible for competition. He shall be reported to the LA.A.F. and his National governing body by the Doping Committee Chairman. 6.-To facilitate theÂˇ analysis, any form of medication by any route within two days of the start of the or event,. must be declared to the Doping CommIttee on the Dopmg Control Form. (See Appendix 2). 7.-A c?_mpetitor found to have a doping substance or/and a metabohte of a doping substance present in his urine at an athletics meeting shall be disqualified from the competition and the case reported to the LA.A.F. and his National governing body (See Rule 53, iv). any person assisting or inciting others to use dopmg shall be considered as having committed an offence agamst 1.A.A.F. Rules, and thus exposes himself! herself to disciplinary action. Any offences under this rule arising from competitions at International or National level shall be reported by the competent authority to the LA.A.F. . 8.-.The detailed procedure for the conduct of tests, mcludmg the collection of urine samples, the method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratories, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current approved procedure shall be supplied on by LA.A.F..to responsible organising bodies for the mformatIOn and gUIdance of the Doping Committees, athletes and o f f i c i a l s . . . RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or metric tape or bar, and all implements must be weIghed on a governmentally approved balance. 75

RULES 144, 145

2.-ln measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003 x L + 0.01 metres, where" L" is the length of the track in metres. NOTE.-This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for:

final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place m any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remain.

3.-ln measuring the distances of and jumping events, that part of the recordmg the d.Istance achieved must be held by an officIal at the take-off pomt, the circle or scratch line. Distances shall always be recorded to the nearest O.Olm below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than O.Olm must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in even 0.02m units (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m, etc.) to the nearest unit below. In jumping for height, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field . events, see Rule 148 para. 9 (a). 4.-A scientific measuring apparatus, the accuracy of whIch is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may also be used. 5 -In events over roads, the course shall be measured the of running, i.e .. the shortest possible path, in that section of the road permItted for the runners. The course must not measure less than the official distance for the event, (i.e. for the Marathon race 42195 metres), the variation in the measurement must not exceed 50 metres m all meetings under Rule 12 paragraph l(a), (b) and (c), (i.e. a Marathon course must be between 42195 and 42245 metres). See also Rules 165 (Marathon) and 191 (Walking) NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the l.A.A. F. Bureau. RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or

Field Events 2.-ln jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor wi th the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place.

A, B, C and D all cleared 1.92 metres and failed at 1.94 metres. The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1.92 metres at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other. three will tie judges add up the total number offallures, up to and mcludmg the height last cleared, i.e. 1.92 metres. "c" has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and as this does not concern first place, they share second place." (c) If the tie still remains: (i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have one more jump at the lowest height at which any of those involved in the tie failed, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be lowered or raised to the heights which shall

100m.........â&#x20AC;˘..0.04m

RULES 145, 146

400m

0.13m

Example-High Jump (1)

1.7Xm A

B C 0

0 0 0

0= Cleared.

I.X2m

XO 0 0

I.X5m

I.XXm

0 0

XO x-

XXO

xFailed.

I.'JOm

xo XXO XXO

I.nm

XXO XXO XXO Xo

':::::J

f-u..

XXX XXX XXX XXX

5 5

'" c.. 0

Did not jump.

RULE 146

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- - - -

be announced by the Chief] udge of the t.hey shall. then attempt one jump at each h.eight until the he IS. decided. Competitors so tying must Jump on each occaSIOn when . deciding the tie. (ii) If it concerns any other place, the competItors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. (See example 2) Example-High Jump (2) 1.82m

Ul5m

xo xxo

0= Cleared.

1.78m A

C D

XO XO

Failed.

l.88m

1.9()m

l.92m

xxo xxo

XXX

XXO -

XXO XXO

1.94m

XXX

-" .:g;-:: ;-IJ..

"'''' 4 5 5 4

1.92m

3= 2

= Did not jump.

3.-ln those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the com.petitors tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the thIrd best, and so on. i NOTE.-It is recommended that in international matches, where two or more competitors tie, the rules for deciding t.ies should not apply, the points for the places concerned bemg shared. RULE 147 Protests l.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made, prior to commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, If no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than within thirty minutes after the result been officially announced. The Organisers of the meetmg shall be responsible for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is recorded. RULE 146, 147

3.-Any protest shall in the first instance be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting on his behalf. To arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should consider any available evidence which he thinks necessary, including a film or picture produced by an official video tape recorder. The Referee may decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. 4.-An application to the Jury of Appeal must be in writing, signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be accompanied by a deposit of $10.00 or its equivalent before the appeal is heard. The deposit will be foreited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. To arrive at a fair decision, the Jury of Appeal shall consult all other available evidence and interview all those whom they consider necessary. RULE 148 World Records l.-When a World Record is set up by an athlete or by a team, the LA.A.F. Member in the country where the record performance was made shall collect together, without delay, all the information required for the ratification of the record by the LA.A.F. The Member should immediately inform the LA.A.F. of its intention to submit the performance. 2.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau within three months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete or a foreign team, a duplicate of the form shall be sent within the same period to the National Association of the athlete or of the team in question. Application may be made only on behalf of an athlete or athletes who are under the jurisdiction of a Member of the LA.A.F. 3.-The National Association of the country where the record was set up shall send, with the official application form:(a) The printed programme of the meeting; (b) The complete results of the event in question. Including in the case of a field event, the complete result sheet. 79

RULES 147, 148

_ _ _ -----..I

The photofinish photograph in the. case. of a record where fully automatic electncal tlmekeep10g was in operation; 4.-However, for the competitions referred to in 12, paragraph 1 (a) the above formalities need not be earned out. 5.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records:(a) The record must be made out of doors and must not have been made on a wooden surface. .. (b) The record must be made in a bona fide which has been duly fixed, advertised and authorIsed before the day by the LA.A.F. Mc:mber of. country where the event takes place. competition with the name of the competitors tak10g part, must have been mentioned in the printed programme of the meeting. (c) The record must be better than or equal.to the in the latest world record list in th.e m (d) Records made in Heats or QualIfy10g in deciding and in individual events m the Heptathlon and. Competitions may be submitted for ratification. 6 -In the case of Women's records, unless the athlete's appears on the LA.A.F. register (see R.ule 141, by a paragraph 4), an application must be medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualIfied medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete . .. (athletes) for whom the record is claimed. No performance set up by an will be If It has been accomplished dunng a mixed competition. 7.-(a) Running and Walking re.cords may made on}y on a track which is not banked and Will be recogmsed only .If the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or, m case of a grass track, only if it is marked and flagged m accordance with the above Rule. (b) A race must be stated to be over distance only and all competitors. shall compete that distance. If the Track Referee is conv1Oced by clear eVidence that any of the athletes obviously had no inten.tion of co,?pleting the race, but were athlete, then he running with the intention of helpmg may rule that it is not a bona-fide competition and any rec?rd established in that race may, as a result, be rendered mvalId. (c)

RULE 148

However, a race based on the distance covered over a given time (see Rule 162, paragraph 13) may be combined with a race over a fixed distance (for example, 1 Hour and 20 Km). It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish in the same race any number of records. It is permitted for several athletes to accomplish different records in the same race. However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the full distance for which the race had been fixed. (c) Running and Walking records must be timed by official as pf<:>vided in Rule 119 (and accepted by the NatIOnal A"ssOCIatlOn as such), or by an approved fully automatic electrical timekeeping device (see Rule 120). For races up to and including 400 metres, only performances timed by an approved fully automatic electrical timing device shall be accepted. (d) For any record at any distance of 200 metres or more to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. This limitation does not apply to the Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres track. (e) The record must be made on a track of which the radius of the outside lane does not exceed 60 metres. NOTE:- Where the bend is formed with two different radii, this limitation does not apply to the larger radius at the crown of the bend, provided that this section ofthe bend does not account for more than 600 of the 1800 turn. (f) For all records up to and including 200 metres, information concerning w10d speed, measured as indicated in Rule 149, must be submitted. If the wind velocity measured in the direction of running behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. (g) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (h) A relay record may be made only by a team all of whose members are citizens of a single Member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 12, paragraph 8. . A colony which is not in separate Membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Mother Country. 81

RULE 148

(i) The time set up by the first runner in a relay team may not be submitted as a record. 8.-For Walking records, the track Il1:ust be a':l oval from 350 metres minimum to 500 metres maXImum, WIth 2 curves and 2 straights from 60 metres minimum to 120 metres maximum. . d 9.-(a) Records in field events must be by 3 FIel Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated 10 centImetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the governmental Weights and Measures Department of the coun.try where the event is held. Measurements for world records 10 field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest 0.01 metre below, except that in the case of the Discus? Javelin and Hammer throws, the distance shall be recorded In even 0.02 metre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m etc.). . f (b) In field events, a may be submItted. or ratification if it took place dunng an where a handIcap .. was combined with the scratch COmpetitIon. . (c) In the Long Jump and Tripl.e .InfOrmatIOn In 149, concerning wind speed, measured as must be submitted. If the wind velocIty measured In the direction of jumping behind the competitor averages more than 2 metres per second, the record will not be accepted. 1O.-When a record is claimed for the Heptathlon or Decathlon the conditions imposed for recognising records in must have been complied with in the 7 or 10 individual events. However, a record will be recognised even though the wind speed exceeded 2 metres per second (see paragraphs 7 (f) and 9 (c) ) provided it was not more than 4 metres per second. l1.-The President and the General Secretary of the LA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise world records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record be accepted, the case shall be referred to the CouncIl for decision. The LA.A.F. will inform the Member applying for a World Record as well as the athlete's National Association, where these are not the same, that the record has been ratified. If the record is not ratified, the reasons why the record was not accepted will be supplied. 12.-The LA.A.F. Bureau shall keep lists of W?rld Records and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revIsed

RULE 148

once a year and a copy forwarded to each Member of the LA.A.F. l3.-Members of the LA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records of their own country. Copies of this list shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. Bureau in Tanuary each year. NOTES:-

i.-The official World Record Plaques, as designed by the I.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the I.A.A.F., provided National Associations remit the cost. 2.-Refer to Rule 381 as to events for which World Records are recognised. 3.-Continental Associations must apply all the conditions laid down in this rule for the ratification of their own Continental Records. 4.-/t is recommended that National Federations adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own National records. RULE 149 Wind Measurement The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured are as follows, from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus:Seconds 100 metres 10 100 metres Hurdles 13 110 metres Hurdles 13 In 200 metres run on a curve, the wind velocity shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump-40 metres, and in the case of the Triple Jump--35 metres, from the take-off board; or if a competitor runs less than 40 metres or 35 metres as the case may be, from the time he commences his run. When the wind speed is taken into considerqtion, the wind measuring instrument shall be set up half-way down the straight and for the jumps, 20 metres from the take-off board. The instrument shall be not more than 2 metres away from the track or runway and shall be approximately 1Âˇ22 metres high. 83

RULES 148, 149

RULE 150 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions the. used must comply with the specifications for officmlImplements set out in Rules 161-186. . . 2.-All such implements provIded by the orgamsers of the meeting. No competltor IS allowed to use any implements, with the exception of poles startmg blocks' in which case they may use own, prOVIded these See also comply with the conditions laid down lfi the Rule 162 (Starting Blocks) and Rule 172 (Vaultmg Poles).

SECTION III RUNNING EVENTS

RULE 161 Track and Lanes I.-The length of the running track should be not less than 400 metres. The track should be not less than 7.32 metres in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with concrete or other suitable material, approximately 50mm in height, minimum 50mm in width. NOTE.-The kerb may be raised to permit surface water to drain away, in which case a maximum height of65mm must not be exceeded. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines 50mm in width. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres. Flags must be so placed on the line as to prevent any competitor running on the line, and they shall be placed at an angle of 60 degrees with the ground away from the track. Flags approximately 0.25 metres by 0.20 metres in size mounted on a staff of 0.45 metres long are the most suitable for the purpose. 2-The measurement shall be taken 0.30m outward from the inner border of the track or, where no border exists, 0.20m from the line marking the inside of the track. I

;======;(/

i :=a:==i=Âˇ

...

: I

measurement

measurement I line for all Olher lanes

l- L

50 mm wide - - -

'> of race (

_.. --_-_--_... "'-

. inner edge kerb 50 mm wide 1_

".'

0.20m

+ - -

O.30m

",'

. measurement line for inner lane

3.-ln all races up to and including 400m, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres and a maximum width of 1.25 metres be marked by lines 50mm in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20m from the outer edges of the lines. NOTES.-The line on the ri!?ht hand only of each lane shall RULE 150

RULE 161

be included in the measurement of the width of each lane: See Rule 142, paragraphs 7 and 8-"At hletes keepm g to allotted lanes". 4.-Th e direct ion of runnin g shall be left-ha nd inside .

S.-In intern ationa l meetin gs the track should allow for at

least six lanes, and where possib le should allow for eight lanes, particu larly for major intern ationa l events . . . . 6.-Th e maxim um allowa nce for lateral InClInatIon of tracks shall not excee d 1: 100 and the overal l inclina tion in the runnin g direct ion shall not exceed 1: 1000

NOTE .-lt is strongly recommended that m the case .of .all new tracks, the lateral inclination shall be towards the mszde lane.

800 metres event

7.-In compe titions held under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the 800 metre s event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the first bend, the maxim um numb er of availa ble lanes being used. The starts shall be so stagge red that the from start to finish shall be the same for each compe titor.

NOTE .-ln international matches. countries may reach agreement not to use lanes.

As the. runner s are permi tted to leave their respec tive lanes on enten ng the back straigh t, the startin g positio ns must care for two factor s. First, the norma l echelo n allowa nce which would be. applic able were the race to be of 200m startin g at the pom.t 0.0 the track; second ly, an adjust ment to the start.mg pomt In laneto compe nsate for the runner s in the outSide lane haVIng farthe r to go to reach the inside positio n .the track at the end of the back straigh t than those in the The foll?w ing metho d of arrivin g at the startin g pOSitIOn In each lane IS recom mende d. (a) Mark. B I in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straigh t 0.30m from the inside kerb. (h) Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolon gation of the line A B I 0.20m from the inner line of the lane. (c) Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runne r, namel y 0.30m from the inside kerb at which the back straigh t ends and the bend begins . (d) With radius CBI descri be an arc across the track B I X. This line must be flagged at each end with a flag set on a post at least I.S0m high on each side of the track and with a line O.OSm wide across the track. This indica tes to the runne rs that they may leave their lanes at this stage. . For 2 to this point can be determ ined by the of B X and the path of the runne r, which IS 0.20 metres from the line marki ng the inside of his lane. (e) The correc t adjust ment to the startin g positio ns can now be determ ined in the follow ing way. The norma l startin g positio n in each lane for a 200 metre ra,ce must be advanced by. distan ce the points of 3 4 S 6 denou ement from the lanes, VIZ: B B B B are in advan ce l of the line B Y. of the distan ce by which the norma l startin g positio n In each lane must be advan ced can be seen from the following calcul ations , where each lane is the standa rd width of 1.22 metre s and the straigh t is 80 metre s long: Lane 1 + zero Lane 5 + 0.145m Lane 2 + 0.007m Lane 6 + 0.22410 Lane 3 + 0.034m Lane 7 + 0.32510 Lane 4 + 0.079m Lane 8 + 0.444m

SETTI NG OUT STAR TS FOR 800 METR ES WHER E THE FIRST CURV E IS RUN IN LANES

a.JOm

O.3Om

A. FINISH LINE

â&#x20AC;˘. STARTS IN RESPECTIVE lANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENT FROM Y MEETS 0.30 METRE UHf; IN INSIDE LANE 8' .8 2 ,9'.0"',85.8- , PQtNTS Of DENOUEMENT FROM LANES

RULE 161

--_

...

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 200 METRES AND 4 x 400 METRES RELAY. WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPLETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES

._----_'&>,

. ....

-ccnc ....

8.-In the 4 x 200 metre and 4 x 400 metre Relays, the first full lap shall be covered in lanes. The second runner in the 4 x 400m relay and the third runner in the 4 x 200m relay shall keep in his lane until entry fa the back straight. The distance from start to finish shall be measured in such a way that the competing teams shall all run the same distance of 4 x 200m or 4 x 4oom. The following method should therefore be adopted to determine the echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team: Inside lane S I identical with A I . Lane 2' S2 =A 2 p lus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 3 S3 = A 3 plus normal stagger for 400 metres. Lane 4 S4 = A 4 p lus normal stagger for 400 metres. NOTE.-The positions A 2, A 3 , A 4 , etc. allow for the 200 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in the Table shown in para. 7 (e). 9.-The central line of the first take-over zone can be determined by advancing the normal starting stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denouement1from the lanes, viz. B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 are in advance of the line B Y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 1O.-The take-over zones for the second and last take-avers (4 x 400 metres) will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. 1I.-The arc across the track at the entry to the back straight showing the positions at which the second stage runners (4 x 400m) and third stage runners (4 x 200m) are permitted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc for the 800 metres event, described in Para 7 (d). RULE 162 The Start and the Finish I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line 0.05m in width at right angles to the in'ner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start.

RULE 161

...

-----.---

RULES 161, 162

Curved Start-Method of Setting out

In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved, so that wherever it occurs on the track, all the runners start the same distance from the finish.

3 metre.;,

BB' + B' F' CC' + C' F' AF' = DD' + 0' F' lEE' + E' F' F F'

-FP is the tangent from the position of the runner in the outside lane to the estimated path of the runner in the inside lane (O.30m from inner edge of track)

2.-All races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors are quite still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 400 (including 4 x 200m and 4 x 400m), be "On your marks , "Set", and when all competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races longer than 400 metres, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter is not that all is ready for the start to proceed after .the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly lme agam. RULE 162

In all races up to and including 400m, where a crouch start must be used, both hands must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the "set" position. A competitor mest not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. . S.-On the command "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be all competitors shall at once and without delay assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shalt constitute a false start. If a competitor after the command "On your marks" disturbs the other competitors in the race through sound or otherwise, it may be considered a false start. 6.-.If a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be (see paragraph 3 above), and before the actual report of the pistol it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Heptathlon or Decathlon, he shall be disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol.

NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictlv speaking. any competitor who does so follow has also made false start. The Starter should warn only such competitor or competitors who, in his opinion, were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given.

Starting Blocks 9.-Starting blocks which comply with the following general specifications must be used for all races up to and including 400 metres (including the first leg of the 4 x 200 m and 4 x 400 m) and must not be used for any other race. (i) Starting blocks must be entirely rigid in construction and must give no unfair advantage to the athlete. (ii) They may be fixed to the track by a number of pins or spikes, arranged to cause the minimum possible damage to the track. The arrangement must permit

RULE 162

the starting blocks to be quickly and easily The number, thickness and length of the p10s or spikes depends on the track construction. blocks they (iii) When an athlete uses his They shall comply with paragraphs (I) an.d (n) may be of any design or constructIOn, prOVIded that they do not interfere with other athletes. by the. (iv) When starting blocks are they shall in addition comply wIth the speCIfications of this paragraph (iv). The starting blocks shall consist of two foot plates, against which the athlete's feet are pressed m the foot shall be mounted on starting position. a rigid frame, WhICh shall m no way obstruct the athlete's feet as they leave the blocks. The foot plates shall be sloped to suit the position of the athlete, and may be flat or slIghtly curved i.e. concave. The surface of the foot plates shall be prepared to accommodate the spikes the athlete's shoes, either using slots or recesses m the the foot plate, or by coyering of the face foot plate with suitable matenal permlttmg the use of spiked shoes. . . The mounting of the foot plates on a ngld frame be adjustable, but it must allow no movement dunng the actual start. In all cases, the foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each other. The adjustments be .secured by clamps or locking mechamsms, WhICh can be eaSIly and quickly operated by the (v) Starting blocks may be fitted approved false start detection apparatus for the assIstance of Starters. 1O.-In competitions held under Rule 12, paragraph (b), (c) and (d), competitors use starting blocks by the organisers of the meet1Og. In all other except those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use their own blocks. On all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only starting blocks provided by them may be used. The Finish ll.-Finish Posts. Two white posts, shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres from the edge of the track. RULE 162

finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1.4m . m heIght, 80mm in width and 20mm in thickness. Unless in the opinion of the Referee it is undesirable because of the direction and the velocity of the wind, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts .1.22 above the ground and fastened to the posts Immediately above the edge of the finish line which is nearer to the start. When there is fully automatic electrical timing worsted shall not be used. ' 12.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above. B.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance c<:wered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pIstol exactly one minute before the end of the race to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearing its end. The Starter shall be by the Chief Timekeeper, and at exactly the appropnate tIme after the start, he shall signal the of .the race by again firing the pistol. At the moment the pIstol IS fired to signal the end of the race the Judges appointed fo,r that purpose shall mark the spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simUltaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achi.eved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behmd the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the .start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achIeved.

NOTE.-f<efer also to Rule 121 and 122 for the duties of the Starter, Recallers and Starter's Assistants.

I.-Distances.

RULE 163 Hurdle Races The following are the standard distances:

MEN

WOMEN

110,200,400 metres 100,400 metres There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane set out in accordance with the following table: ' 93

RULES 162, 163

MEN DislalKc of race

metres 110 200 400

Height"f H'lrdlc

metres 1.067 0.762 0.914

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE (110rn H.)

Distance from scratch line to lirst hurdle

Distance hdween hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to. finish line

metres 13.72 18.29 45

metres 9.14 18.29 35

metres 14.02 17.10 40

c§ ,....

,...

1200mm (max)

T E E

WOMEN Distance of race

metres 100 400

Heightof Hurdle

metres 0.840 0.762

o ,....

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance hetween hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 13 45

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5 40

2.-Cof1Struction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms applied to the centre of the top edge of the top bar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilograms and not more than 4 kilograms is required to overturn it. NOTE.-To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the top bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the top bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed cOf/veniently and load the other end of the cord with weights. RULE 163

....o I

cc o

....

10-25mm.,

700mm (max)

••

I""

700 mm(max)

-t

.. I

--------

......-

-------- -------

3.-Measuremellts. The standard heights of the be: Women WO metres 400 metres Men 110 metres 200 metres 400 metres

hurdles shall 0.84 metres 0.762 metres 1.067 metres 0.762 metres 0.914 metres

The maximum width shall be 1.20 metres. The maximum length of the base shall be 0.70 metres. The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilograms. I f 3 each case there shall be a tolerance al owance 0 millimetres above and below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture. 4.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 The thickness of this bar should be between 10 25 mIllImetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremItIes.

5 -Finish. top bar should be striped in black and white in a manner that the white stripes appear t.he end ?f each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 mIllImetres m 'dth The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. . 6.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competItor shall keep to his own lane throughout. . 7.-A competitor who trails his. or leg any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not m hIs own lane or m the opinion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualified. . 8 -Except as provided in paragraph 7 of thIs rule, the kno'cking down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. 9.-ln establishing a World Record, a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used.

RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres. NOTE.-2000 metres steeplechase is for Junior events onlv. 2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3000 metres event, and 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event. 3.-For both races the water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. It is recommended that in the 2000 metres, the water jump ?e the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth Jump. NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or preferably outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance ofthe laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length ofthe laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres from the last hurdle to the finish line. EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance of the starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres has been shortened or lengthened by up to 10 metres by constructing the water jump inside or outside the track. Distam:e from start to hl'ginning of 1st lap. (0 he run without jumps......... Distance from of IsI lap to Ist hurdle .. .. From 1st to 2nd hunJle From 2nd to Jrd hurdle From Jrd hurdle [0 water jump From water jump tU-<lh hurdle From -<th hurdle 10 hnishing line 71apSllLNOm

Lap of390 melres

Lap of 10 melres LllJ metres

10m 7lim 7lim

10m

:--:2 III X2m

7Xm

X2m 72m

DJOmetrcs

7 laps uf -< 10 m

metres 30(}Omcln::-.

4.-ln the 3000 metres Steeplechase the distance from the start to the beginning of the first lap shall not include any RULE 163

RULE 164

jumps, the hurdles being removed until the competitors have entered the first lap. 5.-The hurdles shall be 0.914 metres high (3 ft.) with a tolerance of 3 millimetres above or below this height and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilograms and 100 kilograms. Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 1.20 metres and 1.40 metres. (See Diagram). +I••

- - - - - 3.66m

"-r0.911O.917m

FIXED HURDLE

LVEL I

a.JOm

-----.1 60mm

CONCRETE

127mm" 127mm

_ _ ._--:3_.96_m_m_in_im_u_m

4ll, 1.20m {min)l.40m(m•• j I 1

WATER JUMP

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30 metres of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. NOTE.-It is recommended that the first hurdle taken"ill the race should be at least 5.00 metres in width. 6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres in length and width. The water shall be level with the track surface and at the hurdle end shall be 0.70 metres deep for a space of 30 cms. From this point the bottom shall have a regular slope upwards to the level of the track at the farther end of the water jump. The hurdle shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. 7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water. and anyone who steps to the one side or the other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqUi.llified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle. or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump. RULE 164

0.50m

SCALE

RULE 165 Marathon Race (42 195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) I.-The shall be run on made-up roads; the when traffic or SImIlar clfcumstances make it course.. duly marked, may be on a bicycle or footpath al0fi'sId.e the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or t e hke. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. I-It is a course with a single turning POint, or, alternatzve!y, a smgle circuit. NOTE. 2-See Rule 145 (5) for measurement of course. 2.-A competitor must retire at once from the race it to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appoInted c1ear!y by an armband. 3d'-'The dIstance In kIlometres and miles on the route shall be Isplayed to all competitors.

RULES 164, 165

4.-Refreshments shall be provided by the Organisers C?f the Race at approximately 5 km and thereafter at approxImately every 5 km. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, two refreshment stations. Refreshments which may either be provided by the or the athlete himself.' shall be available at the stations nom mated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they .may be rut into the hands of the competitors. A competitor takmg refreshments at a place than the points appointed by the orgamsers renders hlmselfhable to disqualification. See also Rule 142 (11). 5.-The organisers of the Marathon Race must take to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of competitIOns staged under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), the organisers must, to be used for where possible, give an the Marathon will be closed m both directions I.e. not open to motorised traffic. RULE 166 Relay Races i.-Lines shall be drawn across the track t? mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch hne. I -Lines also shall be drawn 10 metres before and after the line to denote the take-over zone, which. lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be mcluded m the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 x 200 metres, of a team other than the first runner may commence nC?t more than 10 metres outside the take-over zone. A dlstmctlve mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In 4 x ZOO metres relay races, the two stages, as well as stage up to the exit from the first bend, that part of will be run entirely m lanes. In 4 x 400 metres relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up t'o the exit from the first bend. will be .. run entirely in lanes. (See pages 87 alld 88). The competitors are free to take over any posltlon on the track at the entrance to the following straight, which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres high on RULES 165, 166

100

each side of the track and with a line 50 millimetres wide across the track. NOTE.-In the 4 x 400 metres relay, where not rnore than 3 teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. 3.-C.heck marks. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own I.ane, e:g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not place markmg objects on or alongside the track. Where the track is of a materi';ll Which. will not permit scratching with a shoe. s<?me supplied by the organisers may be used, at the dIscretIOn of the judge. 4.-The Baton. The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. baton must be passed within the takeIn all relay races over zon.e .. passIng of the is completed at the moment It IS m the of the recelvmg runner only. Within the zone, It IS only the position of the baton which is decIslvt:, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competItors . . The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube IJ:t section; made of wood or metal or of any other rigid matenal m one piece, the length of which shall be not more than 300mm and not less than 280mm. The circumference shall be 120 to 130 millimetres and it shall not weigh less than 50 grams. . The baton should be coloured so as to be easily vlS/ble dUring the race. 5.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone. After lanes have to be used. waiting runners can move to lOner. posltJ<?n on the track as incoming team-mates arnve. proVIded thIS can be done without fouling. events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, after completing this part, are free to take up any POSition on the track. after handing over the baton should 7'-. remam 1!1 their lanes or zones until the course is clear. to avoid to other Should any competitor Impede a membe.r ot another team by running out of or.lane at the fimsh of the stage. he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team.

101

RULE 166

-=---'-Âˇ,.-'-------_----"'_c.:....__ ----J:II

S.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will .. cause disqualification. . 9.-0nce a relay team has started In a only two (2) additional athletes may be used as substItutes In the composition of the team for subsequent rounds: Substitutions may only be made from the lIst of athletes already entered for the meeting whether for that event or any other event. RULE 167

Team Races I.-In team races the maximum num.ber of starters .c?mprising a team and the number of competItors whose pOSItIOnS are to count shall be stated in the programme. 2.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 3.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run. With the the it may be permitted in the case of Injury or Illness .certified by the medical officer appomted for MeetIng to be such as to make it unwise for the to run. Only competitors finishing the full distance are elIgIble to compete in the final. S.-The method of scoring shall be optional and may be any one of the following: . ' (a) By scoring the least number <;>f pomts, accordIng to the positions the sconng of a team finish. The posItJons of the non-sconng members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of teams but when a team fails to finish the reqmsIte to score, it shall be eliminated; or . (h) By scoring the least number <;>f points accordIng to the positions in the sconng mel!'bers of a team finish. The posItions. of the n?n-sconng members of a team. whether it finIshes all ItS members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores .of other or (c) By scoring the least number <;>f pomts accordIng to the positions in which the sconng members of a finish. The finishing positions of the non-scon.ng members of a team, and the members of a team whIch fails to finish the requisite number to score, shall be eliminated; or RULE 166, 167

102

(d) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded

by the scoring members. 6.-1f two or more competitors tie for any place the points for the places concerned shall be aggregated and divided equally among the c?mpetit<;>rs so tying. 7.-ln of a tIe on pomts, the team whose last scoring member fiOlshed nearest to first place shall he the winning team.' L

RULE 168

Cross-Country Races

General:Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which running practised throughout the world, espec!ally In regard to dIfferent seasons, climatic conditions and. it is impossible to lay down any rigid legislation for standardisation of this sport. . The. follOWIng rules, h?wever, are intended as a guide and mcentlve to assI.st to develop cross-country running both as a sport m Itself and as a training adjunct to track and field Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women s events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The .race shall be run over a course confined. as far as pOSSIble. to open country, fields, heathland. commons and gra.ssland. A limited amount of ploughed Included. If the coyrse passes through land may woodland WIthout any clearly defined path or track. it be clearly marked for the runners. The travers109, ?f road of any description should he limited to the mInImum. (h) The course championship events must be clearly marked. With red flags on the left and white flags on the nght. all of which must be visible from a respects. the distance. of 125 metres .. In all app.ropnate rules govermng track competitions shall he followed. (c) When laying. out the course, very high obstacles should he aVOIded. so should deep ditches, dangerous 103

RULE 168

ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable, they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met within open country. In cases where there is a large number of competitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres. (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at the time invitations are extended. The opportunity should also be taken to include a brief description of the course. (e) The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires. and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course. NOTE.-For events other than international competitions, the foregoing regulations governing the course may he modified according to local circumstances.. . 3.-It is recommended that competitors be placed lO age for the categories. The following categories are those .in annual LA.A.F. Cross Country Team Champlonshlps:(I) Seniors: Any male athlete of 16 years of age and over on the day of the race. A male athlete under the age of 20 (2) Juniors: years on the 31st December in the year of the race. (3) Women: Any female athlete 15 years and over on the day of the race. Any female athlete under the age of (4) Junior Women: 18 years on 31 st December in the year of the race and not younger than 14 years of age on the day of the race. 4.-Distances (a) For Seniors the distance should not be less than 7 kilometres, nor more than 14 kilometres; RULE 168

104

For Juniors not less than 5 kilometres, nor more than 10 kilometres; For Women not less than 2 kilometres, nor more than 5 kilometres; (h) In International races, the Senior race should be 12 kilometres, the Junior race approximately 8 kilometreS and the Women's race approximately 4 kilometres., NOTE.-Federa.ti.ons advised to increase month by month the competltlOn dlstances for the various categories. 5.-TeamsÂˇand Reserves. The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners to score will differ from competition to competition. LA:A.F. Cross Country Team Championships ruling on thiS subject, however, which may be adopted as a standard guide, is as follows:"For the Senior race, teams of not more than 12 competitors can be entered. Not less than six nor more than nine of these shall be allowed to start in the race, of which six will score. For the Wome,n's and Junior races, teams of not less than than eight competitors can be entered. Not four nor more than SIX shall be allowed to start in the race of which four will score." in international races, it may be possible to accept entnes from individuals. In the same way, members of depleted teams, who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number, could also be allowed to compete as individuals. . 6.-The Start. The races shall be started by the firing of a PistOl. The standard commands for distance events shall be used. include a large number of competitors, a five.In races start of the race should be given, m.mute With addItIOnal warmngs If required. 7.-.No in cross-country events is allowed to receive aSSistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race. 8.-Scoring (a) At the of a race the judges shall decide the respectl.ve places of the scoring competitors of each competmg team, add these together and the team the lowest aggregate shall be declared the wmners.

105

RULE 168

In assessing the aggregate, the finishing positions of any individual runners may be eliminated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly, but with large fields this is not recommended. (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place. <J.-Officials. The following officials are considered to be necessary for international events, but organisers are at liberty to vary these where local circumstances require. Timekeeper Referee Judge Timekeeper's recorder Judge's stewards Chief Funnel Judge Starter Funnel Controller Competitors'stewards Funnel Judge and recorder Funnel stewards Technical Manager Umpires and Pointsmen Disc distributors Disc area stewards Press steward Result recorder(s) Prize steward (b)

NOTE.-I.A.A.F. Cross Country Team Championships:For the organisation of the above competitions held annually, to which all I.A.A.F. Members are invited, separate technical rules have been approved by the Cross Country and Road Running Committee and published by the I.A.A. F Bureau.

RULE 168

106

SECTlONIV JUMPING EVENTS RULE 171 High Jump Competition Rules I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports. (b) touches the ground including the landing area beyond the plane of the uprights either between or outside the uprights, with any part of the body, without first clearing the bar. NOTE.-If a jumper when he jumps touches the landing area with his foot and in the opinion of the Judge no advantage is gained, the jump should not for that reason be considered a failure. 3.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 4.-Before the begmning of the competition, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the starting height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition, or there is a tie (See Rule 146). Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway or take-off area for practice purposes. 5.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, including jumps taken in a jump-off of a first place tie. 6.-A competitor may commence jumping at any height above the minimum height and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures, regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify from further jumping. NOTE.-The effect ofthis rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third trial at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any subsequent attempt at that height, except in the case of a tie (see Rule 146).

107

RULE 171

7.-Any measurement at a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of rec?rds the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the front of the cross-b.ar are competition, that the underside distinguishable, and that the bar IS always replaced wlth the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front., 8.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further. .. . After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of (he competitor. . NOTE.-This does not apply for Combmed Events.. 9.-The uprights or posts shall not .be moved dunng the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landmg area has become unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. 1O.-Marks. A competitor max (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him m his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross bar for sighting purposes. The Runway and Take-otT Area 1I.-The length of the runway is unlimited. NOTE I.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 25 metres. NOTE 2.-ln competitions held under Rule 12, Paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (c) the length of the runway shall be at least 20 metres. 12.-The take-off area must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the take-off area must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. 13.-The maximum overall inclination of the runway and take-off area shall not exceed I:250 in the direction of the centre of the cross-bar. Apparatus . . . 14.-Uprights. Any ?r kmd of upnghts or posts may be used. provided they are ngld. RULE 171

108

They shall have supports for the cross-bar firmly fixed to them. They shall be sufficiently tall so as to exceed the maximum height to which the cross-bar can be raised by at least 100 millimetres. The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 4.00 metres nor more than 4.04 metres. IS.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section. The length of the cross-bar shall be between 3.98 metres and 4.02 metres. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.0kg. Each side of a triangular cross-bar shall measure 28-30mm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 30mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 2S-30mm x 150mm-2oomm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the supports. I6.-Supports for cross-bar. The supports for the crossbar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres wide and 60

---.. . -.. --

T- - - - - - .

(

4Âˇ00m-4Âˇ04m----------------->:>, 100mm

IF, I

iJ' l!'I

Crossbar

10mm

min at max

height

10mm

min-;lo

Uprights

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25mm'r'j 30mm.

En d

Crossbar

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ba r

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Triangular

,25mm

30mm

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30-;'m

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HIGH JUMP UPRIGHTS

109

)

'-----! <-25-30"" mm for

AND

Circular

Bar

CROSSBAR

RULE 171

millimetres long. They must be firmly fixed to the uprights during the jump and shall each face the opposite upright. The ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if the cross-bar is touched by a competitor, it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. ' The supports may not be covered wi.th or other material which has the effect of mcreasmg the ffIctIOn between the surfaces of the cross-bar and the supports. Nor may they have any kind of springs. 17.-There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. IS.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres x 3 metres. NOTE.-The uprights and landing area should be so designed that there is a clearance ofat least 10cm between them when in use to avoid displacement of the cross-bar through a movement ofthe landing area causing contact with the uprights.

--------7'7:

5 m

PLAN OF A SUITABLE HIGH JUMP LANDING AREA

3 m

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_.-------------+Ir---,,_..... _ _ '" - - A b

3Âˇ5 m -.-----7:

RULE 172 Pole Vault . ' . Competiton Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their tnals shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). RULES 171, 172

110

2.-Before the competition begins, the Judges shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round, until there is only one competitor remaining in the competition or there is a tie (See Rule 146). 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his vaults, including vaults taken in a jump-off of a first place tie. 4.-A competitor may commence vaulting at any height above the minimum height and may vault at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures (see Para. 9) regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify from further vaulting. NOTE.-The effect ofthis rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third vaults at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height. If a competitor forgoes a trial at a certain height. he may not make any subsequent attempts at that height, except in the case .of a first place tie (See Rule 146). 5.-Any measurement of a new height shall be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. b.-Even after all the other competitors have failed a competitor is entitled to continue vaulting until he has forfeited his right to compete further. After the competitor has won the competition, the height or heights to which the bar is raised shall be decided after the Judge or Referee in charge of that event has consulted the wishes of the competitor. NOTE.-This does not apply for Combined Events. 7.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved In either direction but they may not be moved more than 0.60 metres from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. NOTE.-A white line 1cm wide may be drmvfl arright angles to the axis ofthe runway. at the level ofthe inside edge ofthe top of the box. This line shall be prolonged as far as the outside edge of the uprights. 111

RULE 172

S.-Competitors are permitted during the competition to place a substance on their hands or on the pole, in order to obtain a better grip. The use of a forearm cover to prevent injuries shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hands or fingers shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound. 9.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to dear the bar; or (c) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (d) before taking off touches, with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground induding the landing area beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. . 1O.-1f in making an attempt the competitor's pole IS broken, it shall not be counted as a failure. 11.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure. Vaulting Poles . . 12.-Competitors may use theIr own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of the owner. The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform This restriction does not however apply to bmdmg the bottom end of the pole with protective of tape a distance of about 0.30 metres to reduce the fIsk of damagmg the pole when striking the back of the box.

NOTE.-Where conditions permit, the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. 14.-The maximum allowance for lateral indination of the runway shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall indination in the running direction 1: 1000. 15.-.No marks shall be placed on the runway, but a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Oroanising Committee) alongside the runway. b a competition has begun, competitors are not permItted to use runways for practice purposes. 16.-The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box made of some suitable rigid material and which shaH be sunk level with the ground. (See paragraph 21.) 17.-The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres.

t----- SÂˇO

5Âˇ 0 m

Plan ofa Suitable Landing Area

--'t about

1.3m

The Runway, Take-otT and Landing Area 13.-The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22m.

Apparatus 18.-Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. The distance between the uprights or between the extension arms where such are used, (See para. 20 Note) shall be not less than 4.30 metres or more than 4.37 metres wide. (See para. 19.) 19.-Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section.

112

113

RULE 172

75mm

[esse'! the ofinjury ofa competitor by his falling on the feet oj the upnghts, as an alternative to the above the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon permanently to the uprights, thus allowing the uprIghts to be placed Wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar. (See diagram).

13mm MAXIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH

600/Steel Lining for mm r 108

J ALTERNATIVE POLE VAULT SUPPORTS

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

POLE VAULT EXTENSION ARMS

Wooden

Box

. . . L :::::::=:==-------PLAN VIEW

The length of the cross-bar shall be between 4.48 metres and 4.52 metr,es. The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2.25kg. Each side of a triangular bar shall measure 28-30mm. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded. The diameter of a circular cross-bar shall be at least 25mm but not more than 30mm. The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 25-30mm x 150mm-200mm is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on the supports. Those parts of the bar which rest on the supports shall be smooth. They may not be covered with rubber or any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction. 20.-Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. The pegs may not be covered with rubber or with any other material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface of the bar. RULE 172

114

VERTICAL SECTION

POLE VAULT BOX 21.-.Box. This be constructed of some suitable rigid matenal, sunk level wIth the ground and shall be 1 metre in meas.ured. along the inside of the bottom ofthe box, 600 mIlhmetres In WIdth at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105Â°. The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres at the point where it meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed

115

RULE 172

--- ---

in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and end next to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120° to the base. If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5 millimetres sheet metal for a distance of 800 millimetres from the front of the box. RULE 173 Long Jump Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also rule 143 (7). . 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his Jumps. 3.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie* for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2). * Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied.

Failures 4.-It shall be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping. To assist in judging, a plasticine indicator board should be provided behind the take-off board-See Paragraph 14; (b) takes off from outside either end of the board, whether beyond or behind the take-off line extended; (c) in the course of landing, touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump; (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the landing area; (e) employs any form of somersaulting; (f) uses weights or grips of any kind. 5.-If a competitor takes off before reaching the board it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. RULES 172, 173

116

The Runway 6.-The runway shall have a minimum width of 1.22 metres. The length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres. NOTE.-Where conditi()ns permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. _ 7.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways shall not exceed I: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. !llarks shall be placed on the runway, but a may pl.ace marks (supplied by the Organising alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed In the landmg area. 9.-.Once a competition has competitors are not permitted to use the competitIOn runway for practice purposes. Take-otT Board ,lO.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level w;th the runway' the surface of the landing area. The edge 01 the board ':Vhlch IS to the landing area shall be called the take-off hne. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be a board of plasticine or other suitable material the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. for If IS not possible to install the above apparatus the followmg should be adopted: immediately in front of the hne and across all the length of it over a width of 100 mIlhmetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. I I.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than I metre from the edge of the landing area. 13.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure I.2lm to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum l00mm deep. It shall be painted white. 14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shaH CCilSISt of a rigid b?ard, 98!D:m-102mm wide and 1.21m-1.22.'1 long, covered with plastIcme or other suitable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an of 30° in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be

117

RULE 173

-----.-

- - " -

mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material in which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-lt will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed.

-T1l

-R-un-U-p. .

! 100

1'1 mm

min

_-";10'

CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LONG AND TRIPLE JUMP

7mm

31""· . . _:._.!-._

SCRAPER

TAt\E OFF BOARD

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Take Off Board

. .17.-In ?rder to ensure the correct measuring of any jump, It IS essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of !he take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose is Illustrated below.

I I LL---------' 1

1I2mm

Measuring 16.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landin.g area made by part of the body or limbs to the take-off hne, or take-off hne extended. The measurement must be taken perpendicular to the take-off line or its extension.

'lOP OF SlOE WALL

min_-7'

------

max

Plastid ne 'nd;cat •• Boa.d

TAKE OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATOR

Landing Area 15.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2.75 metres and the runway shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of the runway when extended coincides with the middle of the landing area. NOTE.-When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line of the landing area (see diagram), this shall be achieved by placing a tape which shall de-limit a landing area which has the same width on either side ofthe central axis ofthe runway prolonged.

nEt

--- -

CENTRALISE 0

RULE 173

--+ --2·75m min

,--

Tape Dividing Line

LJI T J LANDING

118

AREA

-CL

RULE 174 Triple Jump Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). . 2.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his Jumps. 3.-\yhere there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight .with the best jumps shall be allowed three tnals: In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tymg shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. .NOTE.-Tying m,eans, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. 4.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor lands first upon the same foot as that from which he has taken off; in the step' he shall land on the other foot, from which subsequently the Jump is performed. 119

RULES 173,174

Failures 5.-If the competitor while touches ground with the "sleeping" leg it shall be consIdered as a fmlure. 6.-ln all other respects the rules defining a failure for the Long Jump shall apply. (Rule 173 para 4 and para 5). The Runway 7.-The runway shall have a minimum width ?f. 1.22 metres. The length of the runway is unlimited. The minImum length provided for the runway shall be 40 metres.

NOTE.-Where conditions permit the runway should not be shorter than 45 metres. . . .

8 -The maximum allowance for lateral InClinatIon of the shall not exceed 1: 100 and the overall inclination in the running direction 1: 1000. 9.-No marks shall be placed on the runway, a competitor may place marks (supplied by the OrganIsIng Committee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed in the landing area. . Once a competition has competitors are not permitted to use runways for practIce purposes.

Take-off Board 1O.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area, and placed at least 13 metres from the l.anding area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landmg area shall be.called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off hne, the.re shall be placed a board of plasticine or other suitable matenal for recording the athlete's footprints when he has footfaulted. If it is not possible to install the apparat.us, the front following method should be of the take-off line and across all the length of It over a WIdth of 100 millimetres the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand, at an angle of 30Â° to the horizontal. 11.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 21 metres. 12.-The take-off board shall be not less than 13 metres from the edge of the landing area. 13.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.21 m to 1.22m long, 198mm to 202mm wide and maximum lOOmm deep. It shall be painted white. RULE 174

120

14.-Plasticine Indicator Board. This shall consist of a rigid b?ard, 98!TI.m-102mm and 1.21m-1.22m long, covered with plastICIne or other sUItable material on the top surface. The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board at an angle of 30Â° in the direction of the running to a maximum height above the take-off board of 7mm. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area. When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly must be sufficiently rigid to accept the full force of the athlete's foot. ?f the boa;rd beneath the plasticine shall be of a The. matenal m which the spikes of an athlete's shoe will grip and not skid. The of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or sUItably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed.

TAKE OFF BOARD AND PLASTICINE INDICATCR

Landing Area 15.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2.75 and the runway shall, if possible, be so placed that the middle of the runway when extended coincides with the middle of the landing area. 121

RULE 174

-----

-_E·_-TO"

_H· •..

! L

=--"

,... 0'.",., u..

CENTRALISE D LJI T J LANDING

AREA

NOTE.-When the axis of the runway is not in li,!e with the be centre line of the landing are.a (see diagrt;lm.) , thls achieved by placing a tape whlch shall de-hmlt a landl'}g area which has the same width on either side ofthe central aXlS ofthe runway prolonged.

Measuring . 16.-All jumps shall be measured the break m by any part of the body or lImbs to the the landing area take-off line, or· take-off line extended. The me?-sureme.nt must be taken perpendicular to the take-off Ime or Its extension. CONTROL OF SAND LEVEL IN LOMe; AND TRIPLE JUMP METAL

FACE

17.-ln order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump, it is essential that the surface of the sand in the area should be accurately controlled so as to be level wl.th the top <?f the take-off board. An approved apparatus for this purpose IS illustrated above.

RULE 174

122

- - - - - -

. SECT/ON V THROWING EVENTS RULE 181 Putting the Shot Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor 'shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2). NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the circle or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without implements. 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his puts. 4.-The put shall be made from a circle. At the middle of the circumference, in the front half of the circle, a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the ground. The putting area shall consist of cinders or grass or some suitable material on which the shot makes an imprint. 5.-A competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position inside the circle. The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put, the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. 6.-A competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band and of the stop board. 123

RULE 181

It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top of the iron band, stop-board or circle or improperly releases the shot in making any attempt.. Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, may lay his implement down, and may leave the circle before returning to a stationary position and beginning a fresh trial. 7.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph J8-Construction of a shot circle. 8.-For a valid trial, the shot must fall so that the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot is within the inner edges of lines 0.05 metres wide, marking a sector of 40Â° set out on the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. ground so that The ends of the lines marking the sector should be marked with sector flags. NOTE. I-The sector flag should be entirely of metal. It should be rectangular in shape, measure approximately O.2m x O.4m, and be not less than 0.6 metres in length, above the ground. The standard should be approximately 8mm in diameter. NOTE. 2-The 400 sector may be laid out accurately and conveniently by making the distance between the two points on the sector lines 20m from the centre of the circle exactly J3. 68m apart. 9.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination in the throwing direction of the putting area shall not exceed 1: 1000. 10.-The measurement of each put shall be made immediately after the put from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot, to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the shot to the centre of the circle. 1I.-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided to mark the existing World Record and when appropriate the existing national record. RULE 181

124

12:-At competiti0!1s held under Rule 12, 1(a), (b) and (c), proVIded by the Organisers may be used, and only can be made.to them during the competition. no No competItor shall be permItted to take any implement into the arena. At meetin.gs two or more Members, competitors may use theIr own Implements, provided these are checked and as by the Organisers before the competItIon and to all competitors. 13 (a).-No devIce of k.Illd-e.g. the taping of two or more finge.rs together-whIch III any way assists a competitor when makmg a put, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c). In order to a better grip, competitors are permItted to use a SUItable on hands only. (d) In order to protect the spme from InJury, a competitor may wear a belt leather or some other suitable material. . 14.-.A may not spray or spread any substance In the CIrcle nor on hIS shoes. a put has been completed, the shot must be carned back to the circle and never thrown back. Construction of Shot.

16.-The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any met;1 not softer than ?rass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other matenal. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. 17.-It shall conform to the following specifications' Shot Weight Minimum for acceptance of a record Range for supply of equipment for competition

Men

Women

7.260 kg

4.000 kg

7.265 kg7.285 kg

4;005 kg4.025 kg

Contmued on page J26 125

RULE 181

Continued from page 125 Shot Diameter Minimum Maximum

Men

Women

llOmm 130mm

95mm llOmm

Construction of Shot Circle l8.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm (Âą6mm) lower . . . than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. A portable circle meeting with these specIficatIOns IS permissible. A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least O.75m on either side ?f the made of paint, wood or other sUItable circle. It may material. The re'ar edge of the white line shall form a to .the centre prolongation of a theoretical line at right line of the throwing sector the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle.

19.-Measurements. The inside diameter of the circle shall measure 2.135m (Âą 5mm). he rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness and shall be painted white.

Stop Board

20.-Construction. The board shall be made of wood or other the shape of an arc so that the mner edge camCldes With the mner edge of the circle also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. ' 21.-Measurements. The board shall measure 1.21m to 1.23m long on the inside, Il2mm to 116mm wide and 98mm to in relation to the level of the inside of the circle. 102mm 22.-Finlsh. The board shall be painted white.

Surface of Circle

I 4.-L__1..:-

mln-ii

.. t'11-

Stop Board

102

Ground Level

Z1 m m--'''-''--J

I RULE 182 Throwing the Discus Competition Rules 1.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7) 2.-'Yhere there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eioht the best performances shall be allowed tnals .. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tymg shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. See also Rule 142 (2).

LAYOUT OF

RULE 181

SHOT CIRCLE

126

NOTt::.-Tying means, in this connection, achieving the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. 127

RULES 181,182

At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no '!lore. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. . Once a competition has begun, are not permitted .to the or. ground wlthm the sector for practice tnals, with or without Implements. . 3.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. . 4.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle: The competitor must commence the throw from a statIOnary position. . . S.-The competitor is allowed to touch the mSlde edge of the circle. . It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count If the competitor, after he has stepped into the and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of body ground outside the circle, the top edge of the Circle or Improperly releases the discus in making any atten:pt. . Provided that in the course of a tnal the foregomg rul.es have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a tnal once started, may lay his implement and, may the circle before returning to a stationary pOSition and begmmng a fresh trial. . 6.-The competitor must not leave the the implement has touched the ground. leavmg the Circle, the first contact with the top of the Iron or the outside the circle must be completely behmd the hne which is drawn outside the circle running theoretIcally through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph 17-Construction of a Discus Circle. 7.-For a valid trial, the implement must fall so that point of impact is within the inner edges of lines 50mm marking a sector of 40Â° set out on.the ground so that the r.adll lines cross at the centre of the clfcle. The ends of the hnes marking the sectors should be marked with sector flags. See Notes to Rule 181 para. 8 for sector flag construction and lavout of 4rF sector. downward -8.-The maximum allowance for the inclination in the throwing direction of the throwmg field shall not exceed 1: 1000. 9.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by RULE 182

128

fall of the di.scus, to the inside of the circumference of the clfcle, along a hne from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle. 1O.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best. throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a hne or tape outside the sector lines. .distinctive flag or d!sc shall also be provided to mark the World Record and when appropriate the existing natIOnal record. . 11.-At.competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only provided by the Organisers may be used, and no can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena. At meetin.gs two or more Members, competitors may use their own Implements, provided these are checked and as by the Organisers before the competitIOn and to all competitors. 12 (a).-No deVice of k.md--e.g. the taping of two or more together-which III any way assists a competitor when makmg a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed. (c). In order to ?btain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a SUitable on hands only. (d) In order to protect the spme from mJury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. . 13.-.A competitor may not spray or spread any substance III the Circle nor on his shoes. 14.-Implements must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back. Construction of the Discus IS.-Construction: The body of the Discus shall be made of wo?d, or other material, with a metal rim, the edge of which sha.ll be The section of the edge shall be rounded III a true havlllg a radius of approximately 6mm . There may be Circular plates set flush into the centre of the Sides. the Discus may be made without metal plates, proVided that the equivalent area is flat and the measurements and total weight of the implement correspond to the specifications. 129

RULE 182

-----

Each side of the Discus shall be identical and shall without p.rojections or edges. shall taper in a straIght hne .from the (max) the rim to a circle of a r.adms 25mm mm. . mm .. from the centre of the DIscus. . ". 16.-It shall conform to the followmg specifications.

Discus Weight Minimum for acceptance of record Range for supply of equipment for competition Outside diameter Min. of metal rim Max. Diameter of metal plate or flat centre area Thickness over flat centre area or metal plates Thickness of rim (6mm from edge)

Men

Women

2.000kg

1.000kg

2.005kg -2.025kg

1.005kg -1.025kg

219mm 221mm

180mm 182mm

50mm 57mm

Construction of Discus Circle 17.-Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm Âą 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. 18.-Measurements. The circle shall measure 2.50 metres (Âą 5mm) inside diameter. The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness, and shall be painted white.

50mm

90"

_J_

Min. Max.

44mm 46mm

37mm 39mm

Min.

12mm

: ",/\ 'V -f_

Min. Max.

-.-.

min

2'50m 5mm

LAYOUT OF DISCUS CIRCL E

50-57mm

,..

-j

--Ll I

RULE 182

--+__

__ Women

180 182mm

130

l: Q)

E S o

19.-A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least O. 75m on either side of the circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angles to the centre line of the throwing sector the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle.

131

RULE 182

---

;

RULE 183 Discus Throwing Cage l.-All discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this Rule is intended for use in a . major stadium with spectators all the way round the outside of the arena and with other events beside discus throwing taking place in the arena. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be entirely satisfactory. Advice is available, on request, from national organisations or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. NOTE:-The hammer throwing cage specified in Rule 185 may also be used for discus throwing, either by installing a 2.135/2.5m concentric circle, or by using an extended version of that cage with a second discus circle installed behind the hammer circle. Details are given in Rule 185. 2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 2kg discus moving at a speed of up to 25 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that while stopping the discus there is no danger of it ricocheting off fixed members of the cage, back towards the athlete or over the top of the net. Provided it satisfies all the requirements in this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be U-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 6 panels of netting 3.17m wide, as shown in the diagram. The width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 5m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The minimum height of the netting panels should be at least4m. Provision should be made in the design of the cage to prevent a discus forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting or underneath the netting panels. Alternatively, the hammer throwing cage specified in these rules from 1959-1978 can be re-used for the discus. In this case, the circle should be positioned O.80m further back, (this is with the centre of the circle 5.0m from the 6m wide mouth) in order to decrease the danger sector. 4.-The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or synthetic fibre cord or alternatively from mild or high tensile steel wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 50mm for wire and 44mm for cord netting. The minimum size of cord or wire depends critically on the construction of the cage, but the minimum breaking stress should be at least 40kg. RULE 183

132

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I""

C")

, I

----------

E --:tce

Cl _ _ -

..-

I I

I I I

....-cns> ..... Q)

....o

: \.

lj)

IlS

Cl Cl

loo

E E

I \

-aru.

--r:a

j ,

IlS

I I

:x :!:

... 0

tIJ

::2

a::: I

...

133

RULE 183

In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, steel should be inspected after every 12 months cont1Ouous serVIce. :ffi' F. fib re cor. d NOTE:-Visual inspection is not su Clent Jor Instead, several "tell tale" lengths of the standard cord shouldÂˇ be worked into the netting by the One of these can be removed after every 12 months contmuo"'!s serVlce and tested to ensure the continued strength of.the nettmg. . 5.-The maximum danger for throws from thIS cage is approximately 98Â°, includ10g both nght and. left handed throwers. The position and alignment of the cage m the arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.

RULE 184 Throwing the Hammer Competition Rules . . . I.-The order in which the competitors take then tnals shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). . 2.-Where there are more than competItors, competitor shall' be allowed three tnals, and the eight shall allowed three competitors with the best additional trials. In the event of a tIe for place, .any competitor so tying shall be allowed three addItional tn.als. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competItor .. . shall be allowed six trials. NOTE.-Tying means, in this connectlOl1, achlevmg the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. . 'f At the competition ground, each competitor may, I possible have two practice trials but no more. These should be made' in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also 142 (2). Once a competition has begun, are not permitted. to the or. ground wIthm the sector for practice tnals, WIth or WIthout . 3.-Each competitor shall be credIted With the best of all hIS throws. . d 4.-Gloves for the protection of the hands are permltte . The gloves must be smooth 0!l the back and the front and the finger-tips must be exposed, I.e. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed. RULES 183, 184

134

No device of any.kin.d-e.g. the taping of two or more together-whIch In any way assists a competitor when makIng a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to a better grip, in throwing the hammer are permItted to use a sUItable substance on their hands or gloves only. may not spray or spread any substance in the .A CIrcle nor on hIS shoes. Requirements for a valid Throw 5 Hammer must be thrown from a circle. The must commence the throw from a stationary pOSItIOn. . in his starting position prior to the prehmInary SWIngs or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle. . A competitor is allowed to touch the inside edge of the CIrcle. 6.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the ham.ml?r the ground when the competitor makes the prehmmary SWIngs or but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwmg so as to begIn the throw again this shall count as a trial throw. ' shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competItor, after he has s.tepped into the circle and begun to mak.e a touches WIth any part of his body the ground outSIde the CIrcle, the top edge of the circle or if he improperly releases hammer. in making any attempt. 8.-Provlded.tha.t In the course of a trial the foregoing rules have not been mfnnged, a competitor may interrupt a trial opce started, may his down, and may leave the cucle returnmg to a statIOnary position and beginning a fresh tnal. . 9 .-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, It shall not as a throw, pI uvided it was made in accordance WIth th.e rules. If the competitor thereby loses his balance and a foul, it shall not count against him. lO.-The competItor must not leave the circle until the hammer has touched the ground. When leaving the circle, the 135

RULE 184

first contact with the top of the iron band or the ground outside the circle must be completely behind the white line which is drawn outside the circle running theoretically through the centre of the circle. See Paragraph I5-Construction of a Hammer Circle. 1I.-Hammers must be carried back to the circle and never thrown back.

Measuring the Throw

12.-For a valid trial, the hammer must fall so that the point of impact is within the inner edges of lines 50 millimetres wide marking a sector of 40° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. See Notes to Rule 181 para. 8 for sector flag construction and layout of 4(f sector. B.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the inside of the circumference of the circle, along a line from the mark made by the implemerit to the centre of the circle. l4.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and when appropriate the existing national record.

LAYOUT OF HAMMER

Construction of a Hammer Circle

CIRCLE

182"5mm

l5.-Construction: Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior shall be level and 20mm (±6mm) lower than the upper edge of the rim of the circle. Measurements.-The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.135 metres (± 5mm). The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres in thickness and shall be painted white. A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the metal rim extending for at least 0.75m on either side of the

LAYOUT OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES FOR DISCUS AND HAMMER

136

137

RULE 184

min

circle. It may be made of paint, wood or other suitable material. The rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical line at right angies to the centre line of the throwing sector, the rear edge of which passes through the centre of the circle. The hammer may be thrown from the Discus circle provided the diameter of this circle shall have been reduced from 2.50m to 2.135m by the placing of a circular ring inside which must not be dangerous for competitors.

:---Approx 110 mm----'; I

â&#x20AC;˘

.If

Unif.orm Radius About 110 mm

The Throwing Field 16.-The maximum allowance for the overall downward inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1: 1000.

Hammers to be used 17.-At competitions under Rule 12,1 (a), (b) and (c), only hammers provIded by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any hammer into the arena. At meetings between two or more Members, competitors may use their own hammers, provided these are checked and marked as approved by the Organisers before the competition and made available to all competitors.

The Construction of the Hammer 18.-The hammer shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a wire and a arip. 19.-HeaJ The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material with a minimum diameter of 110mm. It l)1ust be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and thaf the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres from the centre of the sphere. 20.--Wire. The wire shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 millimetres in diameter or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. RULE 184

138

A suitable double loop grip is illustrated above

21.-G.rip.

The gril? .be either of single or double loo but must be ngld and without hingein 'oints :n y kmd. It must not stretch appreciably while Jthrown to the in such a manner that it cannot bt must e tltlhrnef thwlthhm the loop of the wire to increase the overall le ng 0 e ammer. 2?-Connections for wire. The wire shall be connected to of a swivel.which may be either plain or ball earmAgÂˇ . e gnp shall be connected to the wire by means of a Ioap. SWIvel may not be used. . hammer shall conform t th f 11 specIficatIOns: 0 e 0 owing

Weight complete as thrown

Minimum for acceptance of record

7 .....() ') 'Ok g

for s1!Pply of eqUlpmenttorcompetition

7.265kg-7.285kg

of Hammer measured from inside of grip

Mmlmum Maximum

1175mm 1215mm

Diameter ofhead

Minimum Maximum

llOmm I30mm 139

RULE 184

- - -

Centre of gravity of head

Not more than 6mm from the centre of the sphere, e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12mm in diameter (see diagram).

@) / ,-,'

KHIFE

EDGE

RIM

E E co

Suggested apparatus for testing centre of gravity of Hammer head

RULE 185 Hammer Throwing Cage 1.-All hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. The cage specified in this rule is intended for use in a major stadium, wIth spectators all the way round the outside of the arena, and other events beside hammer throwing taking place on the finishing straight and the two "D"s of the centre. Where this does not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler construction may be entirely satisfactory. Advice is available on request from national organisations or from the LA.A.F. Bureau. 2.-The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to be capable of stopping a 7.26kg hammer head 110mm in diameter, moving at a speed of up to 29 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that there is no danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the athlete or over the top of the cage. Provided that it satisfies all the requirements of this rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used. 3.-The cage should be U-shaped in plan, consisting of a minimum of 7 panels of netting, each 2.74m wide as shown on the diagram. The width ofthe mouth should be 6m, positioned 4.2m in front of the centre of the throwing circle. The minimum height of the netting panels shall be at least Srn. Provision should be made in the design and construction of the cage to prevent a hammer forcing its way through any joints in the cage or the netting. In addition, provision should RULES 184, 185

140

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be made to prevent a hammer sliding along the ground underneath the netting. . 4.-Two movable netting panels Z.Om wide. be provided at the front of cage, one of which w:ll be operative at a time. The mmimum height of the panels shall be 5.501. NOTES:-

(i) These panels are used alternatively, the left hand panel a right handed thrower and the right hand panel jor a lejt handed thrower. In view of the need to change over from one left panel to the other during the competition, 'rvhen right handed throwers. are. present, it is thiS changeover should reqUire latle labour and be earned out rn the minimum of time. . . . .. (ii) The left panel only is shown rn the dlQgram, rn posltlon for the cage to b.e used by. a right handed thrm:'er. The end position for the nght panel is also shown on the dwgram. . (iii) When in operation, the movable panel must be lfl the position shown. Provision must therefore. be made rn tIle design of the movable panels to lock them rn the operatiVe position.. . . . (iv) The construction of these panels and their depends on the overall design ofthe and be by'sltdrng, hinRin{? on a vertical or horizontal aXIS o.r dlsmOl.tnttng. The only firm requirements are that the panel rn operatlOlI musl be fullv able to stop any hammer striking it a,!d there must be no daJiger of a hammer being able to force as way between the . fixed and movable panels. 5.-The netting for the cage can be from natural or synthetic fibre cord or, f.rom mIld or high-tensile steel wire. The maxn:num mesh. be 50mm wire and 44mm for cord nettmg. The m.lnlmUm Size of cord or wire depends critically on the constructIOn of the cage, but the minimum breaking strain should be at least 130kg. In order to ensure the continued safety of the cage, the netting should be insrected at least every 12 months. inspection is not suffiCIent for fibre cord. Instead, telltale" lengths of the standard cord should be worked mto the netting by the manufacturer. One of these ca.n b: removed every 12 months and tested to ensure the contmued strength of the netting. . . h.-Where it is desired to use the same cage tor throwing, the installation can be adapted in two alternative

RULE 185

142

ways. Most simply, a 2. 135/2.5m concentric circle may be fitted, but this involves using the same surface in the circle for hammer and discus throwing. Where it is desired to have separate circles for hammer and discus, the two circles must be placed one behind the other with the centres 2.37m apart on the centre line of the throwina sector and with the hammer circle at the front. The shape of the rear of the cage must then be enlarged using a minimum of eight fixed panels 2.83m wide and two movable panels 2.0m wide, as shown on the diagram. The minimum height of the panels, both fixed and movable, for this enlarged cage shall be exactly the same as for the standard cage. 7.-The safety of the hammer cage installation is very dependent on the position and alignment in the arena. The maximum danger sector for all throws, including both left and right handed throwers, is approximately 8Y.

RULE 186 Throwing the Javelin

Competition Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shail be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be a!lO\ved three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials.

NOTE.-T.ving mea!1S, in this conncction, achieving tIll: same distance, alld Rule 146 (3) shollld lIot therefore be applied. At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials bllt no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 1-/.2 (2). Once a competition has begun, competitors are not permitted to use the runway or ground within the sector for practice trials, with or without a javelin. J.-Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws.

143

RULES 185, 186

---

4.-No device of any kind---e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. In order to protect the spine from injury, a competitor may wear a belt of leather or some other suitable material. In order to obtain a better grip, competitors are permitted to use a suitable substance on their hands only. The use of gloves is not allowed.

Requirements for a Valid Throw 5.-(a) The javelin must be held at the grip. It shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung or hurled. Non-orthodox styles are not permitted. (b) No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelin. (c) A competitor may. not cross either of the parallel lines. (d) It is a foul throw if the competitor touches, with any part of his body or limbs, the strip (see paragraph 8), or the hnes drawn from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines, or the ground beyond the strip or those lines. (e) At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc. (f) A competitor shall not leave the runway until the javelin has touched the ground. He shall then, from a standing position, leave the runway from behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremities of the arc. (see paragraph 8). (g) If the javelin breaks at any time in the course of the throw, it shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules. 6.-A foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in shall be recorded as a trial, but shall not making an count. 7 .-J avelins must be carried back to the starting line and never thrown back. The Runway and Throwing Field

8.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36.5 metres but not less than 30 metres and shall be marked by two

JAVELIN RUNWAY. THROWING SECTOR Not to Scale

144

145

RULE 186

.;.>.--;;.===------

parallel lines 50 millimetres in width and 4 metres apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres; such arc shall consist of a strip made of paint, wood or metal 70 millimetres in width, painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1.50 metres in length and 70 millimetres in width. The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1: 100 and the overall inclination the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. The maXimum allowance for the overall inclination in the throwing direction of the throwing field shall not exceed 1: 1000.

NOTE.-It is recommended that the length of the runway should be not less than 33.5 metres.

9.-No mark shall be placed on the runway, but competitors may place marks-supplied by the Organising Committee-at the side of the runway. Measurements lO.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines 50mm wide marking the sector, set out on the ground by extending the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. See Rule 181 para. 8.

Sectors may be marked at: e.g. 30m, 50m, 70m. ll.-The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after the throw from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin to the inside edge of the arc along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part. 12.-A distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark existing Records, e.g. World or National records.

At meetin.gs bet",,:een two or more Members, competitors may use their own Implements, provided these are checked and m':lr.ked as approve? by the Organisers before the competitIOn and made available to all competitors. Construction 14.-The shall consist of three parts: a head a shaft and a cord gnp. The shaft may be constructed of wood or metal. and It shall have fixed to it a head terminating in a sharp pomt. 15.-The cord be the centre of gravity without thongs, notches or mdentanons of any kind on the shaft and shall not exct:ed .the circumference of the shaft by more'than 25mm. The bmdmg shall be of uniform thickness. 16.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout and the maximum diameter thereof shall be under gnp. From the grip the javelin. shall taper gradually to the up of metal and the rear tip. The line from the end of the gnp to the tiP ofthe metal head may be straight or slightly curved, but be gradual and there must be no abrupt alteratwn m the dIameter of the section throughout the length of the javelin.

the cross-section should be circular, a m.axlmum difference between the biggest and the smallest dzameter of/he oval of 5 per cent is permitted. The mean value of 2 dzameters must correspond to the specification given for a Circular Javelin. 17.-The j.avelin.shall have no mobile parts or other whIch. dunng the throw could change its centre of gravity or throwmg characteristics.

NOTE-For specifications see page 149.

Implements to be used l3.-At competitions under Rule 12, 1 (a), (b) and (c), only implements provided by the Organisers may be used, and no modification can be made to them during the competition. No competitor shall be permitted to take any implement into the arena.

RULE 186

146

147

RULE 186

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18.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

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Javelin

Men

Women

Weight

(inclusive of cord grip) Minimum for 800gm acceptance of .' record

600gm

Range for supply of equipment for competition

805gm -825gm

605gm -620gm

Overall length

Min. Max.

2.60m 2.70m

2.20m 2.30m

Length of metal head

Min. Max.

250mm 330mm

Distance from tip of metal head to centre of gravity

Min. Max .

O.90m 1.1Om

O.80m O.95m

Diameter of shaft at thickest point

Min. Max.

25mm 30mm

20mm 25mm

Width of cord grip

Min. Max.

150mm 160mm

140mm 150mm

19.-The tapering of the shaft from the maximum diameter to the tip of the metal head or to the rear tip shall be such that the diameter at the midpoint between the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of the maximum diameter of the shaft and that at a point 150 millimetres from either tip 80 per cent of the maximum diameter.

It---.....---+-----t--,;;

148

149

RULE 186

SECTION VI RULE 191 Walking l.-Walking is progression st.eps. so taken that unbroken contact with the ground IS mamtamed. At each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make f?ot leaves.,the contact with the ground before the ground During the period of each step 10 whIch a foot IS on the leg must be straightened not .bent at the the .the knee) at least for one moment, and m leg must be straight in the vertically. upnght position. h . t dJ d ') -Judging and Disqualifications. T e appo1O e u shall elect a Chief Judge. at Olympic Games World and Continental ChampionshIps and the I A A F Race Walking World Cup for the Lugano Trophy the . Judge shall be nominated by the Committee of the LA.A.F. All ,Judges shall act m an individual capacity. When, in the 0plmon of thr.ee J,udges, one of whom may be Chief .Judge, a s mode of progression fails to comply with. the any pa:t of the competition, he shall be disqualIfied and mf0.r:oed C?f hiS disqualification bv the Chief Judge. In a co:opetItIOn eIther directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or takmg place under permit, in no circumstances Judges of the same . . nationality have the power to dIsquahfy. NOTE.-At Olympic Games, World and Race Walking World Cup, the Walking Commlttee shall In ood time submit to the I.A.A. F. .Council for approval,the of the walking judges to offiCIate at :elevant For continental championships, a slmtlar praC!lce IS recommended. . . . 3 -Effect may be given to any such after the conclusion of the. If circumstances render impracticable an earher notIce to the . competitor of his disqualification.. 4.-A competitor may be when by hIS of rooression he is in danger. ofceasI.ng to comply WIth !he of walking; but he IS not entItled to. a second for the same offence. The decision to cautIOn. a shall be made under the same as fOF set out in paragraph 2. a IS announced the walker is normally entitled to a warmng. RULE 191

150

5.-In track races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road races the disqualified competitor must immediately after his disqualification, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing, and leave the course. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by red flag be used as far as possible during a walking race for the information ofthe officials, competitors and spectators. 6.-In all international races of more than 20 kilometres, refreshments 'shall be provided by the organisers, and refreshment stations shall be arranged at 5 kilometres and thereafter at every 5 kilometres. Refreshments which may either be provided by the Organiser or by the athlete himself, shall be available at the station nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be -put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. At all walking events of lOkms or more, sponging points may be provided by the organisers at suitable intervals, corresponding to weather conditions. NOTE.-At International meetings, two officials from each country may be stationed behind the refreshment table. Under no circumstances may the officials from an athlete's own country run along beside the athlete whilst he is is taking his refreshment. 7.-ln the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. 8.-For the Olympic Games and Area Championships or Games, the circuit for the 20 kilometre event should be a maximum of 3000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1500 metres. 9.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships Walking races, the organisers must where possible give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic. 151

RULE 191

NOTE .-A bookLet "Guid ance for WaLki'!g }udses ", produced by the l.A.A. F. WaLking C.ommittee with the mm of bringing about a .better understandmg of the sport of race waLking, is avatlabLe from the l.A.A. F. Burea u-see pubLications List.

RULE 192 I.A.A .F. Race Walki ng World Cup for the "Luga no Troph y" (Men) and The "Esch born Cup" This compe tition will .be by a Sub-Commlttc:e appointed by the Walkm g CommIttee of the LA.A .F. In accordance with Rules appro ved by Congress. Copies of the curren t rules may be obtain ed from the LA.A .F. Burea u upon reques t.

RULE 192

152

SECT ION VII COMBINED COMP ETITI ONS RULE 195 MEN (Pentathlon and DecathLon) I.-Th e Pentat hlon consists of five events which shall be held on one day in the following order: long jump; throwing the javelin; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-Th e Decat hlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -100 metres; long jump; putting the shot; high jump and 400 metres. Second day-1 10 metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1500 metres. WOM EN (HeptathLon) 3.-Th e Hepta thlon consists of seven events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: First day -100 metres hurdles; puttin g the shot; high jump; 200 metres. Second day-l ong jump; javelin throw; 800 metre s. GENE RAL 4.-A t the discretion of the Refer ee, there shall be whene ver possible, an interval of at least 30 minutes between the time one event ends and the next event begins, for any individual athlete. 5.-Th e order of competing may be drawn before each separa te event. In the 100 metre s, 200 metre s, 400 metres, 100 metre s Hurdl es and 110 metres Hurdl es events, the compe titors compete in groups as decided by the Refere e, so that preferably five or more competitors and never less than four are in each Group . In the 800 metres in the Hepta thlon, one group should contain those competitors occupying the leading positions at the end of 6 events. In the 1500 metres in the Decat hlon, the Heats may be made up and a draw made as and when competitors become available from the previous event. One Group should preferably contain the leading competitors at the end of nine events. The Refere e shall have power to rearrange any Group , if in his opinion it is desirable. 6.-Th e LA.A .F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: 153

RULE 195

In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, and these two disagree, the longer time of the two shall be adopted as official. Alternatively times may be recorded by a fully automatic electrical timekeeping device. (e) In the running trials and the hurdles, a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. Only one system of timing may be applied. In case of electric timing, times shall be given to 1I100th of a second. Scoring shall be made from the table to lIlO0th second. 8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five, seven or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the I.A.A.F Scoring Table. 9.-ln the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who in the number of events has received more points than the other Competitor/competitors tying. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in any such events. This shall apply to ties for any place in the competition. 10.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the seven events of the Heptathlon or in one of the ten events of the Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the following event but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure in the final classification. Any competitor deciding to withdraw from a combined events competition shall immediately inform the Referee of his/her decision. (a)

RULE 195

154

DIVISION IV

RULE 381 EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED

Fully Electrically Timed performances (E. T.) Hand Timed performances (H.T.) E.T.only

MEN . lOOm, 200m, 400m, 1l0m Hurdles 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay. '

E.T.orH.T. BOOm, 1 OOOm, 1 500m, One Mile, 2 OOOm, 3 aOOm, 5 OOOm, 10 OOOm, 20 DOOm, I Hour, 25 OOOm, 30 OOOm, 3 OOOm Steeplechase. . Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m 4 x 800m 4 xl 500m. " W,alking: 20km, Two Hours, 30km, 50km. Jumps: High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jllmp. Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Hammer, Javelin.

Decathlon E.T. only

WOMEN lOOm, 200m, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay.

E.T.orH.T. BOOm, 1 SOOm, One Mile 3000m 5000m 10 OOOm.

Jumps: Throws: Heptathlon

Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m 4 x BOOm Walking: 5 OOOm, 10 DOOm. ' . High Jump, LongJump. Shot Putt, Discus, Javelin.

155

International Amateur Athletic FedentioD

e TIMEKEEPERS' CERTIFICATES - HAND TIMING.

FOUNDED IN 1912

9. I, the undenigned official timekeeper of the event mentioned on this form, do hereby certify that the time set opposite my signature _ the exact tillWl recorded by my watch and that the watch used by me ' - been certified d approved by my National Association.

President: P. NEBIOLO General Secretary: J. B. HOLT

Application for a World Record - Track Event. To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A. F.,

162 Putney, L

'2SL

APPliCATION IS HEREBY NADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SU8MITTED:- (Please type or use block

Signature

Address

Signature•.•.•..•••• '" ••. "

Address, ••••..•••• , •••••.••••••••.••.•••.

Time........

Signature

Address

•

Nen/Wornen

(F;'"

'd' ;'i, te<lm membeB

-ELECTRICAl TIMlNGe

11. A fully automatic electrical timing device

.tt,;,.

4. Competitor's Country (and Qub where appropriate)

10. I confirm that the above Timekeepers exhibited their watches to me and that the times were _ stGt.t. ., Address . (SignGture of Chief Timekeeper or Referee) .

2. Record claimed (time) .•.....• , .• , .•... , •.•.•••..••••.••••.•...•.•••...••...•••.•••••••• J. Full ncme of competitor

-OflfF Tlt-IfKEEPERe

THE

1. Event..•...••.••.....•.•.•..•••....••••••.••.••.••. ,

Time........ Time. •• •••••

usec<I.

The time recorded w.................

and this wcs the official time.

Signature of Operator••.••••• " • • • . . • •• • • • (A Print of the Photo-Finish must be enclosed).

Signature oi Chief Photo-Finish JUdge ••••••••••

5. Dote and time .••.•..••.•...•...•..•..•..•..•..•...••.....•..•.•.•.•••••.••.•.•.....•..

WOI

-WIND GAUGE_

12. Velocity md direction of wind

6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country) ••..•.••.......•.•.•••••.••...••••.•..•..••..•.••.•••

, ..•..• , •.

Operator's Signature

-TRACK AtEASURERS' CERTIFICATE.

13. We hereby certify that _ measured with an approved tope the course over which this event was held. The exact diJt«lce _:_

• GUARANTEE BY REFEREE.

7. I hereby certify:-

miles •••••• yds

•••••••• metres

That all the ClPpropriate I.A.A.F. Rules of competition were complied with.

The length oi one lap WOl ••••• metres .••••. cn OR •.•••• yds •••••••• ft •••••.••• ins. The maximum allowance for laterol inclination did not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1 :1000.

Ncme of Referee (BLOCK CAPiTALS)

Addr_ •.•.•...•........•...............••.•...•••••••.......••.....•.•••.•••••••.•.•• Signature of Referee...................

Date

.RECOMMENDATlON BY I.A.A.F. t-IfN'aER COUNTRY.

_ tition

were duly

. • I.A.A.F.

APPROVAL.

• •• 'G;';';';';'i

........................... 'F'" •.. .• President of the I.A.A. .

Date .•.•.....• ,

156

(Address)

(Signature of Mecsurer)

(Qualification)

(Address)

III

follows:-

1st.................................... . . .............................................. .........................

2nd

Secretcry .••...•••..•....••••••..•.•.. ,

Nome of l.A.A.F. JV.ember

(Qualification)

14. The n _ of the first three competitors and their times _re

qualified, and recOlllmends this <>ppl icotion for acceptance: President ••.• , •• • . • • . • • • . •• . • . . . . . . . • . .

(Signature of Me<-urer)

ins.

-RESl.lT OF RACEe

8. The undeBigned I.A.A.F. Nember hereby certifies that it is' satisfied with the accuracy of the within mentioned statements, confirms t hat theomICI'a1 s cond Uct'ng I the c _

, ••• centimetres OR

That all the information recorded in this form is accurate;

Date

3rd

................................................. ..........................

PLEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS "'PLICA TlON: a Progrcmme of the Meeting and, for a Women's event, a certificate of sex, unl_ the athlete hili an I.A.A.F. Certificate (Rule 141) . ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: State of we<:dher Intermediate TilMS • . Type oi track or runway Pr_ cuttin(ll if available Condition of track or runway A Photo of the Gth'ete.

157

. .

International Amateur Athletic Federation FOUNDE D IN 1912

9. : : osure

President : P. NEBIOlO

We also

- FIELD JUDGES' CERTIFICATE_ is exact as certify ::::: the.measu rement stated opposite our respective signatures ce With I.A.A.F. Rule 145 - "N\eosurements and Weights ". In accor with IMF specificati ons certify that the implements used and circle or runway compl ied

General Secretary : J. B. HOlT

Application for a Wor ld Record - Field Event

.;;

162 Upper Richmond Rood, Putney, lONDON SW15 2SL.

To: THE GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F .,

')'"

';f'

Competit or's Country

•.••..•. .•.••••. ••. 5. Date and time ••••.•.• .•••••.• .••. , .•.... '" " •.•••••. •..•..... .. 6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country)

10.

We he reby cert ify tha t and in the (a) the l.atera.1 inclination of the runway did not exceed 1: 100 rumlng direction 1:1000 inclinatio n between the circle or runway and (b) the the POint of Impact of the implement did not exceed 1.1000 16; and (See Rll., 181, paragraph 9; 182, paragraph 8; 184, 186, paragroph 8) nat lower (c) the level of the Long Jump or Triple Jump landing area was than the take-off board.

011 the informatio n recorded in this form is accurate; 011

(Quali fi cation)

were complied with. ..

N..-ne of Referee (BLOCK CAPiTAL S)

•.•.....• .•....•• ....•••. •.....• Address •••.•.•• ....••... ••..•..• .. '" '" " .•••..•• • • . . . . . • . . • . •. Date ••..••.• .•• Signature of Referee. • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . . . • . • . • • . • • • • • . • . COUNTR Y-

- RECOMM ENDATIO N BY I.A.A.F.

with the accuracy of the 8. The undersign ed I.A.A.F. Nember hereby certifies that it is satisfied were duly the g conductin within mentioned statement s, confirms that the officials c;ualified , and recommen ds this appl ication for acceptan ce: Secretary .••.•..•• .••••.•• ••••.•.. .•.• Presi dent • • • • . • . . • • • • • . • • • • • • . . • • • • . • • • . •••.. Nane of I.A.A.F. Member ...••.•. •••••... ••..••.• .........

Date .••.•••. ••.

_I. A. A.F.

General Secretary of the I.A.A. F.

................................. (Address)

......... ........ ......... ......... ........ ......... ......... ......... ......... .......

2nd 3rd

PLEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPLICATION: A Programme of the meeting;

IAAF Certificat e (Rule 141) Women's event, a certificate af sex, unless the athlete has an : ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES 0

Type of throwi 09 surface or runway Condition of throwing surface or runway

Copy of the Scaring Card Press cuttings if avoilable A Photo af the athlete.

Dote •••••..• .••..•

158

(Address)

- RESULT OF COMPET ITION_ s and their performan ces were as follows:competitor three first the of 12. The names . 1st

State of weather

President of the l.A.A.F.

.................................

-WIND GAUGE (lONG JUm> AND TRiPlE JUMP ONLY)_ ......... .•....... .......•. .. 11. Force CIld direction of wind .... h....... Operator' s signature

For

APPRO VAL-

. (Address)

(Address)

7. I hereby certify:That

-SURVEY ORS' OR MEASURERS' CERTIFICATE FOR FIELD EVENTS_

(Qual ificotion)

the appropria te I.A.A.F. Rules of

('A'ddr'" ")' ess

................................

,_ GUARAN TEE BY REFEREE_

That

oo oo . .

'!T1.

IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE APPliCA TION IS HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, (Please type or use block capitols) FOLLOW ING INFORJ\AATION IS SUBMITT ED:•.•... , .••••••• ••••. Nen/Wom en 1. Event .••••.•• ••..••.• ••.••.•• .. '" ••••.•.• •.•.• '" .••.•... •.•. metres 2. Record claimed (height or distance) .•....•. ..••.•.. ..••.•.. ••..••.. .•••.••• •••.•••. •.•. 3. Full nane of competito r •.•..•.• ••.•..•• .•.••..• •.•••..• •...•.••

159

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS AS AT 31.12.1 981 Evenl

Rcwrd

Country

Holder

Place

DalC

MEN Mexico City 14.1O.6X U.S.A .. Jim Hines .. 9.95 . Mexicl) Cily 100metres ........ 12. 9.79 Italy .. Pietro Mennea .. 19.72 · Mexico City IX.IO.6X 200 metres U.S.A . Lee Evans.... . 43.Xo .. 400metre s Zurich .. 19. H.HI U.S.A · Renaldo Nehemiah . 12.93 . II0m Hurdles Mihlll .1 7.XO . U.S.A . Edwin Moses 47.1.\ .. Dusseldor f 400m Hurdles 3. 9.77 ·.. U.S.A. U.S.A. National Team .. .1X03 .. 4 x Relay . (B.Collln s.S. Riddiek. C. Wiley.S. NOTE: In accordanc e with the decision taken hy thc I.A.A .F. Montreal Williams) Congress. for races up to and including 400 metres. only performan ces timed by an approved fully aulOmatic ekctrical timing device shall he accepted. fl{lfcnc(.' 10. b.XI G.B.&N. I . Sehastian Coe .. 1:41.72. XOOmelres ... ash) 11. 7.!l1 G.B.&N. I . Sebastian Coe .. 2: 12.X ....... IlXIO metres Kohknz 27. !l.!l0 G.B.&N. I. .. Steve Ovetl .. .. .1:31 ..\0. 1500 metres Brussels 28. H.8t G.B.&N. I ... Sebastian Coe .. 3:47.33. 30. I mile ... Oslo 6.76 New Zealand John Walker 4:51.4. 2lXXl metres. Oslo 27. 6.7!l Kenya .. Henry Rono .. 7:32.1 ... 3(X)O metres ... Berkcle\ 13. 9.81 Kenya .. Henry Rono . i.l:OX4 . • 50lXI metres. Vienna' 11. 6.7!l Kenya .. Henry Rono .. 27'.22.4 . IIXXIO metres I. Papendal 5.76 . Netherlan ds .. Jos Hermens ·· · .. · 57:242 2lXXl0 metres .. Papendal I. 5.7b Netherlan ds .. Jos Hermens .. 20.944 metres ...... 'hour ........ .., (13.014mi les) Christchur 22. 3,81 ch Japan .. Toshihiko Seko . Ih.1.'l:.'i.'i.X ... Christehu reh 22. 3.81 metres. Japan .. Toshihiko Seko . Ih.2'!: IX.X .. 3IX)IMI metres 13. Scattle 5.7X . Kenya . Henry Rono . X:05.4... 3iUIOm Steeplech ase ....

* AWiliting I.A.A,t-'. Katilil'ati(lIl b a pt:rlormam:l.: ni' 5IKKlmetr cs... . 1.\:00.2 .....

Event 4

21XJm Relay .........

4 x 4lHlm Rela y ...

4 x XIKJm Relay

-I

x ISOOm Relay ........

Record 1:20.26 ............

2:56.10 ..

7;OX.I ......

14:.1X.X

20KmWa lk. Two Hours .10KmWa lk. 50KmWa lk:: ......

Ih.20:0o.X 2Xlb5 metres. 2h.OX;OO. 3h.4l:.llJ

High Jump . Pole Vault. LongJum p::::::: Triple Jump . Shot Pull .. Discus Hammt:r .. Javelin Decathlon .

2.36m .. ...... S.Hlm 19'X.1I<") 0.11<").. .. 8ljOm 29' 2'12") 17 H9m (5X' XII2") .... 22 ISm(72'X" ) 71.10(2.1.1'5") XI HOrn ('oX' 4")

Knarvik

Kenya ........

Henry Rono .. ,

Holder University of Southern California ............. ....... (J. Andrews .J.Sanfor d" W. Mullins, C. Edward;) U.s.A. National Team (V. Malthews . R.

Country

Date

U.S.A .........

27. 5.78

Tempe

20.10.68

Mexico City

U.S.S.R ......

13. 8.7X

Podolsk

F.R. Germany

17. 8.77

Cologne

Mexico ....... Spain ..... Spain .......... Mexico ........

17. Ill. 79 X. 4.79 X. 4.79 25. 5.79

Montrea' Barcelona Barcelona Fana

Place

man, L. James, L. Evans)

U .S.S.R. National Team .... (V. Podoliako . N. Kirov. W. Malozeml in. A. Rechetniak) F.R. Germany Nat'al Team (T, Wessingha ge. H. Hudak. M. Lederer. K. Fleschen) Daniel Bautista Jose Marin ............. ..

.....................

Jose Marin ............. ........ Raul Gonzalez ............. ...

FIELD EVENTS

.... ·.. ··

G.D.R. I. !l.80 U.S.S.R. 27. 6.81 U .S.A... IX.IO.6X Brazil..... ... 15.10.75 G.D.R. 9.08 G.D.R... ... 9 X78 F uny e ykh........ .... U.S.S.R 31' i8{ X1i49- o' 't. erenrPara gl........... . Hungary 2" 4'8() pills..... GUldo Kralsrhm er (IO S ....... F · .. · . . .14 . 6 . XO) . .R Germany .. H. 7.HOm. 15.47m. 2.(Klm. 4X.04. 13.92. 4S.52m. 4.60m. 1ib.5Um, 4:24.'2) . Robert Beamon ... :::::::::::: Joao de Oliveri" UdoBeY' r W f e

Moscow Tbilissi MexiroCi ty MexicoCi ly Berlin Berlin MOSCO\N

Tat" FiJderstad t-Bernhau sen

Darl'

WOMEN 11/111111.:11"1.::-'.

f\1'.lfIIt.::.(johr.

l\1arita KOlh . Marita Ko,,:h .

2171

IllL·{,.!..· .......

-J.llllllk"'\.',"",

12.';/, .. .. ..

IIIIJmI1"rdle,. Hurdle, ... 11111111 Rl'ia\

1:).1.-U ..

3::=12.-.0 ..

Kari,i Ros>ky . (i.D.R.Team . (I{ Mulle,. H. I. Auer,wald. M. C,'!h!) Nalki.hd., Olizarcnk" . Talvana Kal.ankll1a ...... Lud01illa Veselkova .. Lv"J01ila Brag,na . pi",,,, Fudge .. Ydl'll.:l SipalO\'.:I .,_ (i.D.R. Team .... :........ i M. Glihr. R Muller. B. Wikkl'i. M. Koch) [d).R.Te''''' .. (D. Malctzki. B. R'lhdc. F. Slr.,idl. C. Brehmer) U.S.S.R.Team ..... P"",illokhlOa. V. S, Stvrkina, T.

... lmile.

.. I.,: I. 32: 17. l )

,:;lIOllnh,'nL':'\ • )(Jilllllh:trL':'. .

... 1I/I/II0I11...:(r.. .·:-..

, 211111n R.da\

)

'. 4lI11m Rl'ia\ . .

Rela,

GD.R.

(ira/",na

:-;(Hlln...' tn..:.." nlL'lrl...';" .

G.DR ..

cr.

I. 7.77

Ill. 11.7'1

G.D.R .. Poland. G.D.R ... G.DR.

X.7Y 13. 6.XlI IX. 5.XII I. X.XII

U.S.S.R. USS.R. USSR. USSR. .. G.B. & N.I . U.S.S.R. CiD.R ...

27. 13. 13. 7. 13.

G.D.R ..

31. 7.76

U.s.S.R.

III S.76

7.HII 11. XII 9,ril 8.76

Drl'sdl.'J1 Karl-M"r,-Sladl Turin .kna Mose,)\\,

Moscow Zurich Bologna Park. Maryland Bl'rgL'.n

Y.K! Y. Il.HI)

jL).

SOlchl

.fen" Montreal

. r" I)l'\\:rll'1 kif ') 7:-\ L . 'ningrad kll1a'j l'.-;.SR. . , II "'d"',,"erg "));'10.11 ',' I Sweden 17..Ill,,"'; Walk . \"",' .Ia",o" " .. ,. I I' )erfonnances timed lw an • 111110001 W,i1k . f)f ,"'e", Lip I" and Illdudlllg ml]Il'., n ) I . I· 'i... hlll LlkL'J) 11\ IhL' LA,;\J.... Muntrl.'ai l • . ,".;t n!. III \\',ill! llllin", :-.hall he.: ;1l:cl'ph,'U. appr' ,'cd full, aUll""'''"c' cllllc,1 I " ' FIELD EVENTS • :"111111111

.2.0Jm{i}' 7 1/./'),. 7.IN'" i2Y .JW').

Ilie" JUl1\P . l.t>/lgJump ,_ ",1"'1 Pull.

(2W 7" 1 .... C:"S Itl") . h717pollm

1)\"l'U:-' ..

Ii n

• Ilep,al"I<"1 .. .. ,\\";Illlll,!.!

I \ .\,1

S,-,r':l SilrJconi : . Vi'ma Bard""'"le"l' . lion" Slupianek . Maria Pl.:tkl)vi.l ..... ,.".

Anlc,anc..:la Todorova . RanlOna N('U\'1("n .

huh ..

U.S.S.R G.DR .. Bulgaria .. BUlgaria ... G.D.R ..

31. :'Y. 11. 13. I:". :>712S.

1\.71\

PraguL'

:".XlI 7.XlI X.XI Il.XI

P')lsdam S,'fia Zagreh Kiev

Rallll\.;;lllllll

OFFICIAL LIST OF OlYMP'C GAMES RECORDS r..\'cl1r

Time. Hl'i,ghl

Holder

11I1Il1\Clrc·, ..

9,95. 14.1"3. ...

200 mL'IJ"L'.......

[SOlll11l.'trc:-- . .

/iltU10mdrc·, .. l/ilmHllrdb .. Hurdle, .. Ste-eplechase. Jl)lIm RcI".\

',J-)

Rei,,) .

High.llllllp. Lonc Jump .... TripLJulT1p. POIl'Vaull

5111)1 PUll. Hamml.:r ./"'·c1in l)e",lIhlon ..

:!:5(1. J

Place

",-;",·,":I1',v.'.·,'" ,',.

I%X I%X IY6X IY71l lYnX ;476 1472 147] 14711 1476 IY7.:?

Me,ico Cilv Montr"al . Me,ieo Cilv Mnl1lreal . I>lun;e" Munich Montreal Montreal Munich

IY6K

MexjcoCiIY

E. H"rt)

111an.

2.J6m17' S'J,") .. (2'1' :"),"). 17.Nm .. :". (IX' 21 ..'-'m (711'111/,").. 6K2Xm(2c-I'II") ..

l JO,lJ..J.

USA. USA .. USA. Cuha .. Kl'n)'a. G.B.&N.I. Finland .. U.S.A. USA. Sweden

U.S.A. Team ................. (v. Mallhew" R. Free--

(26K' (3/(1'

8h 18poims.

;'''''-''''.

Jim Hille, Tommic Smith. Lt'l: . ..................... Alherto Juan!orena Kipchogc Kcino .. Brcndan Foster Vin..'n . Rodlll\' Milhurn . Edwin Moses .. Andl'n GiirdcruJ USA.Team. (1.. BI"e". R. Taylor.

.. .. .. 13:2IU. . .. .. K:OXO .. JKI'I ..

Xll() JllL'tl\.':-' ..

me IrL·...,

Dale

MEN

-WlllllL'lfl'\ ..

;-i(j(J(l

C"unlry

...

3") ..

L. .lames, L. Evans) Gerd Wcssil!. R(lhc..:rr Bl.:ailHlIl .. Victor Sanl.'vc\' ........... Wi'ldy,lall' kozakit'wicz . Kisclyo\' .

WiJkins . Yuri Sedl'kh ....... Mikl,,, Nemelh .. Brul'l.'.klll1l..'r.

15 ,15111. 2.IIJm.

..' I.

GDR.

U.S,A .. USSR. Pol"nd .... U.S.S.R. USA. U.5.S.R. Hung,,,y. USA ....... I.:? 6,

I'IXo 141111 1%11 J'IHII IYKI) IY76 I'IXII

1971\ 1'J71\

Me.xico City

MexicoCiIV

MexicoCilV

Mt:xicn eit\,

Moscow

f\,1ontn!i.J1 M(}.'lt'OH

M 0111 Tl'''' Montrci.lJ

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Moscow 1980

MEN

,;.,.,.,.,.,.,

-g

C c

0000000

1:!

<I'l;n:.,I'J'Jl

'Jl

000000

'201 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 o

.,.,.,.,.,

888888

t--c

:>-

IIIl

:! c to > to

•

cO::O:: vi vi

P. Mennea A.Wells D. Quarrie

/(U9

(haly) (G.B.& N.L) (Jamaica)

20.1'1 20.21 20.2'1

w g c: ::E -"! 'e- 0 E """::l 0" 0'" 0'" .... '" J:'"

(G.B.&NL) (GD.R.) (G.B.&NI.)

.",

I - .5

S. Nyambui K. Maaninka

(Ethiopia) (Tanzania) (Finland)

M. Yifter K. Maaninka M. Kedir

METRES (Ethiopia) (Finland) (Ethiopia)

T. Munkelt A. Casanas A. Puchkov

nOm HURDLES (G.D.R.) (Cuha) (U.S.S.R.)

400m HURDLES V. Beck (G.D.R) V. Arkhipenko (USSR.) G.Oakes (GB.&N.I.)

STEEPLECHASE B. Malinowski (Poland) F B"Yi (Tanzania) E. Tu'ra (Ethiopia) W. ('ierpinski G, Nijhoer S. DzhumanazarOY

J:JH..J. J:JIU! J:JY.O

5000 METRES

M. Yifter

"" E"'"

1:45.'1 1:46.0

1500 METRES

S.Coe J. Straub S.Ovett

::l

800 METRES

(G.B. & N.L) (G.B.&N.L) (U.S.S.R.)

13:21.0 13:21.6 13:22.0 27:,),2.7

27:-1-1.3

27:4.J..7

1.1..1'1 IJ-I(J

4X.70 4H.Xo 4'1.11 X:IN.7 X: 12.5 X: 13.0

!VJARATHON (GD.R.) (Nelherlanus)

2: 11.1IJ 2:1 J20

(U.55.R.)

2: 11.3'i

HIGH JUMP (G.D.R.) WR 2.3omJTHW' (Poland) 2.1 I ml7'?" (GD.R) 2.1 I ml7'7"

POLEVAVLT W. Kozakiewiez (P o lanu)WR'i.7XmJJWII 'J1" K. Volkov (U.S.S.R.) 'i.hSmJIWoI11"} eq'l'I' 1'. S/usarski (Po/and) 'i.05mllX'n ." • " LONG JUMP L. Dombrowski (G.D. R.) F. Paschck (G.D.R.) S.2lml2o'lI 'Il' V.Podluzhnyi (U.S.S.R.) H.IHmJ20' Hr TRIPLE JUMP J. Uudmac (U.S.S.R.) /7.J5mI5o' 11'1," V. Saneyev (U.S.S.R.) J. C. ue Oliveira(Brazil) 17.22mJ50'o" SHOT V. Kiselyov (U.S.S.R.) A. Baryshnikov (U.S.S.R.) U.Beycr (G.D.R.) DISCUS V. Rasshchupkin (U.S.S.R.) I. Bugar (Czechoslovakia) L. Dellis (Cuba)

Y Sedvkh S. Litvino\' Y. Tamm D. Kula A. Mak,Jr'" W. Hanisch

H. Gauder J U"parr Y. hchcnko

lOOm RELAY 1I.S.S.R. (\' Mura\Yo\'. N. Sidorl". A. Askinin. A. Prokok\) .lX.20 , Polanu (K. Zwolinski. Z. liclIll'rski. I.. M. \\'oroniI1J .1. France (A, Richard. P. Harre. P. Barre. H. Panwl.1X.'iJ

6fdHm/217' 'I" 00. 32m12!7 '7"

JAVELIN (U.S.S.R) (USS. R.) (G.DR.)

SOKMWALK (G.D.R.) (Spain) (lI.S.S R)

DEC\THLON D. Thomps"n (CiB. & NL) Y. Kutsl"nkn (lI.SS.R.) S. Zhda/lo\' (lI.S.SR)

165

21.3'im!7(J'O'/1" 2 1. OHmlo'1' 2" 21. lltl mJoy', 'I,"

HAMMER (U.S.S.R . .I W R XI.SOm/20W4" (U.s.S.R.) XII.h-lmI2M'7" (U.S.S.R.)

20KMWALK M. Damilano (ltalv) P. Pochinchuk (lIS.S. R) R. Wcis\.'r (G.D.R.)

164

x 400m RELA Y I. US.S.R (R. Valiulis. M. lingc. N. Chcrnctsky. V. Markin) J:lll.1 ..., G.D.R. (K. Thiele. A. Knt:hcl. F. Schafl<". V. Beck) J:OU J. Italy (S. Malinverni. M. Zuliani. R. Tozzi. P. Mcnoca) .1:0-1,3 G. Wcssig J. Wszol a' J. Frcimulh

400 METRES (U.S.S.R.) (Australia) (GD.R.)

S.Ovett S.Coe N. Kirov

vi 0:: a:Cl00viviO w.: 00:J:J :l\J

c:i

lO.25 10.25

200 METRES

V. Markin R. Mitche/l F.Schaffer

§ : :cicici

.i:-

¥ °

(G.B.& N.L) (CUba) (BUlgaria)

<:;

-E

100 METRES

A. Wells S. Lennard P. l'etrov

,W.64mI2Y.J.'!" Ho. 72mI2X.J.'0" Ih.2:':35.5 Ih24:4'i.4

.1:51

_____.

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

WOMEN IIlIlMETRES L. Ko,u.lr"tyeva(U.S.S.R.) M. Gi\hr (G.D.R.) I. .'\u""w"lu (G.D.R.)

B. Wilckd N. Bochina M.Ottey

200 METRES (G.DR.) (U.S.S.R.) (Jamai"a)

M. Koch J. Kr"lOchvilova C. Llthan

400 METRES (G.D.R.) (Czechoslovaki,,) (G.D.R.)

811IlMETRES N.Olizar"nko (U .s.S. R.) O. Min"y"va (U.S.S.R.) T. (U.S.S.R.) 1500 METRES T. Kazankina IU .S.S.R.) C. Wancnherg (G.D.R.) N.Olizar"nko (U.S.S.R.)

lOOm HURDLES IU.s.S.R.) V. Komisova (G.D.R.) J. Kli"r (Polanu) L. LlI1ger

S. Simeoni U. Kiclan J. Kirst

T. Kolpako"" B.Wu!"k T. Skachko

HIGH JUMP (Italy) (Pol'lI1u) (G.D.R.) LONG JllMP (U.S.S.Rl (G.D.R.) (US.s.R.)

11.06

11.117 11.\-1

n.ll3 22.19 22.30

-19.<'6

I. Slupianck S. Kmchcvsbya M.Puk

E. Jahl M. Pctko"" T. Lt:'sovaya

M.Colon S. Gunha L:. Hommola

DIVISlON I1-CONSTITUTION - Pages 31-54

SHOT (GDR.)

(US.s. R) (GD.R.) D1SC1JS (G.D.R.) IBuJl!.aria)

JAVELIN (Cuha) (U.S.S.R.) (G.D.R)

21.-12111171)' VI,"

69.%m/229'b" b7 .90ml222'9"

67.-IOmI221' I"

5" b7.7om/222'-I" M.56m/2IW-I"

WR 1:53.5 1:5-1.9

1:55.5

3:5<'.6 3:5lJ.-I J 2.5<'

12.03 12.h5

'1.97m/<"5'lc" 1.94m/o'-I'14' 1.94m/o'-IW' 7.llt>m/2.'>2" 7.ll-Im/23' 1'1'"

7.11 1mI2.'>1I"

__ -------0

-I x lOOm RELA Y I. G.D.R. (R. Muller. B. Vlock<:l. I. Au""wald. M. Gohr) -It-hll WR , U.S.S.R. (V. Komisova. L, Masl"kova. V. Anisimova, N. Bnch'na) 3. GB & N.I. (H. Hunte. K. Sm"IIWllOU. Gouuaru. S. Lonnaman) -12.·13 4 x 400m RELAY. . ' . U.S.S.R. (T. N. Zyuskova. I. Nazarova) .,._11.. . 1 G.D.R. (G. L\,wc. B. Krug. C. Lathan. M Koch.3:2ll.-I I 3. G.'B. & N.I (L. Macdlll1alu. J. Hoytc-Smith. J. Macgregor) 3:c7.) PENTATHLON I. N. Tkachenko (U.S.S.R.) WR 1 0 Rubvishikova (U.S.S.R.)-l937 O. Kur,lgll1,' IU SS R

{ule I Def1nitions 2 The !.A.A.F. 3 Objects .I Membership 5 Council I> President. Vice-President and Honorary Treasurer 7 Congresses 8 Committees 9 Languages 10 Alterations to Rules 11 Suspensions & Reinstatements 12 International meetings Competition abroad Competitors' Qualifications

Page 31 32

Rule U World. Area and Group Championships 14 Expenses 15 Provision of Equipment and Services 10 Subventions to assist Athletes 17 Advertising within the Arena 51 Definition of Amateur 52 Restriction of competition to Amateurs 53 Ineligibility for International Competition 54 Guarantee by National Governing B'ody

32 33 37

.ID ·H 43

-W 44

.IS 45

Page 48 50

51 51 51

52 52

52 54

DIVISION 11I- TECHNICAL RULES - Pages 56- ISI Section I - Officials I 11 Officials of the Meeting 112 The Manag.:r 113 The Secretary 114 The Technical Manager liS Jury of Appeal I1 I> Referees

t 17 Judges

118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 120 127 128

Umpires (Track Events) Timekeepers Photo Finish Judges Starter and Recaners Starter's Assistants Lap Scorers The Recorder The Marshal The Announcer The Official Surv.:yor The Wind Gauge Operator

Section 11 - General Rules 141 Entries 142 The Competition ( Miscellaneous) Clothing Shoes and spikes Numbers Ohstruction nn the track Running out of lanes during competition Giving l)[ assistance. advice information Simultaneous entries Delays in making the trial Check marks Scoring ;43 Rllllnd.,. Heats and Oualifying Competitions

1-+-+ Doping

55 50 56 57 57 57

1-15 146 147 148 149 150

50 59

60 hi 62 63 6-l 64 64 65 <'5 05 66 h7 67 67 69 69 69 or

Measurements and Weights Ties .. Protests World Records Wind Measurements Official Implements

12 73

79 83 84

Section III - Running Ewnts 1bI Track and Lanes 162 The Start and the Finish 163 Hurdle Races 164 Steeplechase 165 Marathon Race 166 Relay Races 167 Team Cross Country Races

93 lJ7 99 100 102 lO3

Section IV - Jumping Events 171 High Jump In Pole Vault 173 LongJump 174 Triple Jump

107 Illl 110 119

Section V - Throwing EYents Hi I PUlling the Shot 182 Throwing the Discus 11\3 Discus C71ge 184 Throwing Ihe Hammer 185 Hammer Cage 186 Tbrowing the Javelin

r,lJ

70 71 71 71

75 70

123 127

l32 134 140 143

Section VI - Walking Events 191 Walking IlJ2 The "Lugano Trophy" and "Esehborn Cup"

152

Section VII - Combined Competitions 195 Pentathlon anu Decathlon

153

15U

DIVISlON IV - WORLD & OLYMPIC RECORDS - P"g::s 155 - !6n

166

167

•

NOTES

Printed by Marshallarts Print Services, Partridge Green, West Sussex, England

NOTES

Printed in England by Marshallarts Print Services, Unit 32, Huffwood Trading Estate, Partridge Green, West Sussex, England.

180