New Visual Language
Research & Development
Brief You are to submit design proposals for a new graphic design publication entitled, New Visual Language. The first issue will focus on Form follows function - an exploration of Modernism and Post Modernism. Part 1 Research into Modernism and Post Modernism generating a body of work that explores the origins and philosophy of the movements related to your area of practice. Your visual work should be an expression of the movement and not a pastiche. You should aim to convey the essential nature of the movement. You will need to understand the social, industrial and political concerns which influence both movements. Part 2 You are to submit designs for a broad sheet, which should be based on your personal and original visual research from the year. To include edited versions of the following: City in Flux Earth Artifact Type transcription New Visual Language
Modernism Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped Modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by the horror of World War I. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.
Post - Modernism Seen the be the younger Sibling of Modernism, Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. Post-modernism includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. It is often associated with deconstruction and post-structuralism because its usage as a term gained significant popularity at the same time as twentieth-century post-structural thought.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism
What is the difference between Modernism & Post-Modernism Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement, its set of cultural tendencies and array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modernism was a revolt against the conservative values of realism. Arguably the most paradigmatic motive of modernism is the rejection of tradition and its reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody in new forms.Modernism rejected the lingering certainty of Enlightenment thinking and also rejected the existence of a compassionate, all-powerful Creator God. In general, the term modernism encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the “traditional” forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organization and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world. The poet Ezra Pound’s 1934 injunction to “Make it new!” was paradigmatic of the movement’s approach towards the obsolete. Another paradigmatic exhortation was articulated by philosopher and composer Theodor Adorno, who, in the 1940s, challenged conventional surface coherence and appearance of harmony typical of the rationality of Enlightenment thinking. A salient characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness. This self-consciousness often led to experiments with form and work that draws attention to the pro-
cesses and materials used (and to the further tendency of abstraction). The modernist movement, at the beginning of the 20th century, marked the first time that the term “avant-garde”, with which the movement was labeled until the word “modernism” prevailed, was used for the arts (rather than in its original military and political context). Surrealism gained fame among the public as being the most extreme form of modernism, or “the avant-garde of modernism”. Example: Pop art
Postmodernism is a movement away from the viewpoint of modernism. More specifically it is a tendency in contemporary culture characterized by the problem of objective truth and inherent suspicion towards global cultural narrative or meta-narrative. It involves the belief that many, if not all, apparent
realities are only social constructs, as they are subject to change inherent to time and place. It emphasizes the role of language, power relations, and motivations; in particular it attacks the use of sharp classifications such as male versus female, straight versus gay, white versus black, and imperial versus colonial. Rather, it holds realities to be plural and relative, and dependent on who the interested parties are and what their interests consist in. It attempts to problematise modernist overconfidence, by drawing into sharp contrast the difference between how confident speakers are of their positions versus how confident they need to be to serve their supposed purposes. Postmodernism has influenced many cultural fields, including literary criticism, sociology, linguistics, architecture, visual arts, and music. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from modernist approaches that had previously been dominant. The term “postmodernism” comes from its critique of the “modernist” scientific mentality of objectivity and progress associated with the Enlightenment. These movements, modernism and postmodernism, are understood as cultural projects or as a set of perspectives. “Postmodernism” is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema, journalism, and design, as well as in marketing and business and in the interpretation of law, culture, and religion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Indeed, postmodernism, particularly as an academic movement, can be understood as a reaction to
modernism in the Humanities. Whereas modernism was primarily concerned with principles such as identity, unity, authority, and certainty, postmodernism is often associated with difference, plurality, textuality, and skepticism. Literary critic Fredric Jameson describes postmodernism as the “dominant cultural logic of late capitalism.” “Late capitalism” refers to the phase of capitalism after World War II, as described by economist Ernest Mandel; the term refers to the same period sometimes described by “globalization”, “multinational capitalism”, or “consumer capitalism”. Jameson’s work studies the postmodern in contexts of aesthetics, politics, philosophy, and economics. Example: Mönchengladbach Museum
Post-Modernism | Museum Abteiburg The Museum Abteiberg, Located in Germany, known for its Contemporary art and many others, Including Post Modernism. Since the 1970s, the museum has been known for its experimental and avant-garde exhibitions, starting with director Johannes Cladders (1967-1985), and also its museum architecture, designed by Austrian architect Hans Hollein - a highpoint of postmodern design.
The museum a variety of art
contains such as;
Action Art, Arte povera, Expressionism, Fluxus, Photography, Early Computer Art, Informel, Kinetic Art, Concrete Art, Constructivism, Conceptual Art, Land Art, Minimal Art, Monochrome Painting, New Expressive Trends, Nouveaux RĂŠalistes / DĂŠcollage, Op Art, Pop Art, Rheinische Progressive, Surrealismus, Video / Film, ZERO
http://www.museum-abteiberg.de/index.php
Post-Modernism | Architecture Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a movement until the late 1970s and continues to influence present-day architecture. Postmodernity in architecture is said to be heralded by the return of “wit, ornament and reference” to architecture in response to the formalism of the International Style of modernism. As with many cultural movements, some of Postmodernism’s most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist style are replaced by diverse aesthetics: styles collide, form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound. Perhaps most obviously, architects rediscovered the expressive and symbolic value of architectural
and unusual surfaces, most famously in the State Gallery of Stuttgart by James Stirling and the Piazza d’Italia by Charles Moore. The Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh has also been cited as being of postmodern vogue.
elements and forms that had evolved through centuries of building which had been abandoned by the modern style. Influential early large-scale examples of postmodern architecture are Michael Graves’ Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and Philip Johnson’s Sony Building (originally AT&T Building) in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture. Postmodern architecture has also been described as neo-eclectic, where reference and ornament have returned to the facade, replacing the aggressively unornamented modern styles. This eclecticism is often combined with the use of non-orthogonal angles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_architecture
Michael Graves
Phillip Cortelyou
Michael Graves (July 9, 1934 – March 12, 2015) was an American architect. Identified as one of The New York Five, as well as Memphis Group, Graves was known first for his contemporary building designs and some prominent public commissions that became iconic examples of Postmodern architecture, such as the Portland Building and the Denver Public Library. His recognition grew through designing domestic products sold by premium Italian housewares maker Alessi, and later low-cost new designs at stores such as Target and J. C. Penney in the United States. He was a representative of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture and formerly designed postmodern buildings, and was recognized as a major influence in all three movements.
Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an influential American architect. He is especially known for his postmodern work since the 1980s.
The Portland Building,
alternatively referenced as the Portland Municipal Services Building, is a 15-story municipal office building located at 1120 SW 5th Avenue in downtown Portland, Oregon. Built at a cost of US$29 million, it opened in 1982 and was considered architecturally groundbreaking at the time.[6][7] The building houses offices of the City of Portland and is located adjacent to Portland City Hall. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011
The Sony Tower, formerly the AT&T Building, is a 647 feet (197 m) tall, 37-story highrise skyscraper located at 550 Madison Avenue between 55th Street and 56th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan.[2] It was formerly the headquarters of Sony Corporation of America. [1](hence the name) before it sold the building and moved in 2013. The building was designed by architect Philip Johnson and partner John Burgee, completed in 1984, and close - in concept - to the 1982 Humana Building by Michael Graves.
Post-Modernism | Architecture | Inspiration After looking at several Post Modern and Modern Movements, I Feel the Architecture is what stands out to me the most, as it is something real. something we experience every day, but with a strange but beautiful twist. I feel creating a series of graphic, Post-modern, architecural poster would be a good idea and would fit well to the brief.
Post-Modernism | Architecture | Inspiration
Post-Modernism | Dada / Dadaism Dada was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. Dada in Zurich, Switzerland, began in 1916, spreading to Berlin shortly thereafter, but the height of New York Dada was the year before, in 1915. The term anti-art, a precursor to Dada, was coined by Marcel Duchamp around 1913 when he created his first readymades. Dada, in addition to being anti-war, had political affinities with the radical left and was also anti-bourgeois. Francis Picabia, Dame! Illustration for the cover of the periodical Dadaphone, n. 7, Paris, March 1920 The roots of Dada lay in pre-war avant-garde. Cubism and the development of collage, combined with Wassily Kandinsky’s theoretical writings and abstraction, detached the movement from the constraints of reality and convention. The influence of French poets and the writings of German Expressionists liberated Dada from the tight correlation between words and meaning. Avant-garde circles outside of France knew of pre-war Parisian developments. They had seen (or participated in) Cubist exhibitions held at Galería Dalmau, Barcelona (1912), Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin (1912), the Armory show in New York (1913), SVU Mánes in Prague (1914), several Jack of Diamonds exhibitions in Moscow and at De Moderne Kunstkring, Amsterdam (between 1911 and 1915). Futurism developed in response to the work of various artists. Dada subsequently combined these approaches. Dada activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a variety of media.
After Dadaism soon took its impact on the worlds views and design, Dadaism then lead onto the evolution of surlealism , follwing the simplisity of dadism but adding its own twist to it. Hence the name, it was a unusual, papostrus twist to the common known image.
Post-Modernism | Animation
Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American live-action/animated fantasy-comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis. The screenplay by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman is based on Gary K. Wolf’s 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?, which depicts a world in which cartoon characters interact directly with human beings and animals. Post-production lasted for fourteen months. Because the film was made before computer animation and digital compositing were widely used, all the animation was done using cels and optical compositing. First, the animators and lay-out artists were given black and white printouts of the live action scenes (known as “photo stats”), and they placed their animation paper on top of them. The artists then drew the animated characters in relationship to the live action footage. Due to Zemeckis’ dynamic camera moves, the animators had to confront the challenge of ensuring the characters were not “slipping and slipping all over the place.”
The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television, and many aspects of the human condition.
Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy-comedy film produced by PDI/DreamWorks, released by DreamWorks Pictures, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, featuring the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow. It is loosely based on William Steig’s 1990 fairy tale picture book Shrek!, and somewhat serves as a parody film, targeting other films adapted from numerous children’s fantasies
Several different U.S. and international studios animate The Simpsons. Throughout the run of the animated shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, the animation was produced domestically at Klasky Csupo.
http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/55576/Postmodernism-in-Animation/#vars!date=2004-07-27_08:13:14!
Modernism | surrealism Founded by the Dadaism movement, surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings. The aim was to “resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality.â€? Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself and/or an idea/concept. Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Leader AndrĂŠ Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a revolutionary movement. Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism
Modernism | surrealism | Dadaism | Man Ray Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky, August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American visual artist who spent most of his career in France. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all. He was best known for his photography, and he was a renowned fashion and portrait photographer. Ray is also noted for his work with photograms, which he called “rayographs” in reference to himself.
Modernism | Art Deco Art Deco, an art movement involving a mix of modern decorative art styles, largely of the 1920s and 1930s, whose main characteristics were derived from various avant-garde painting styles of the early twentieth century. Art deco works exhibit aspects of Cubism, Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism- with abstraction, distortion, and simplification, particularly geometric shapes and highly intense colors- celebrating the rise of commerce, technology, and speed. The growing impact of the machine can be seen in repeating and overlapping images from 1925; and in the 1930s, in streamlined forms derived from the principles of aerodynamics. The name came from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes, held in Paris, which celebrated living in the modern world. It was popularly considered to be an elegant style of cool sophistication in architecture and applied arts which range from luxurious objects made from exotic material to mass produced, streamlined items available to a growing middle class.
Modernism | Bahaus Bahaus, A school of art, design and architecture founded in Germany in 1919. Bauhaus style is characterized by its severely economic, geometric design and by its respect for materials. The Bauhaus school was created when Walter Gropius was appointed head of two art schools in Weimar and united them in one. He coined the term Bauhaus as an inversion of ‘Hausbau’ – house construction. Teaching at the school concentrated on functional craftsmanship and students were encouraged to design with mass-produced goods in mind. Enormously controversial and unpopular with right wingers in Weimar, the school moved in 1925 to Dessau. The Bauhaus moved again to Berlin in 1932 and was closed by the Nazis in 1933. The school had some illustrious names among it’s teachers, including Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Wassily Kandinsky, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Marcel Breuer. Its influence in design of architecture, furniture, typography and weaving has lasted to this day – the look of the modern environment is almost unthinkable without it.S
Modernism | Cubism The Cubist art movement began in Paris around 1907. Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, the Cubists broke from centuries of tradition in their painting by rejecting the single viewpoint. Instead they used an analytical system in which three-dimensional subjects were fragmented and redefined from several different points of view simultaneously. The movement was conceived as ‘a new way of representing the world’, and assimilated outside influences, such as African art, as well as new theories on the nature of reality, such as Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. Cubism is often divided into two phases – the Analytic phase (1907-12), and the Synthetic phase (1913 through the 1920s).
The initial phase attempted to show objects as the mind, not the eye, perceives them. The Synthetic phase featured works that were composed of fewer and simpler forms, in brighter colours. Other major exponents of Cubism included Robert Delaunay, Francis Picabia, Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp and Fernand Léger.
Modernism | Cubism | Pablo Picasso | Georges Braque Cubism - Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colors. Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time share many similarities. Synthetic cubism (1912– 1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments – often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages – were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art. Picasso - Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso. (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, he co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Georges Braque was a major 20th - century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most important contributions to the history of art were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1906, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque’s work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso.
Development Inspiration
Iconic Architecture of Tallinn | Darja Tokranova
Farbraum | Nick Frank
Iconic Architecture Poster Series | AndrĂŠ Chiote
Iconic Architecture Poster Series | AndrĂŠ Chiote
Mr. W’s Skyscraper Catalog | Guillaume kurkdijan
http://sedayenoor.mihanblog.com | Amazing Buildings
Physical structure | Architecture | Key Points As i have decided to create a series of architectual posters inspired by post-modern and modern archiecture. I felt each poster should have a meaning behind them. Unlike the posters i have collected for inspiration, they are just graphics. So with my posters, I decided to look deeper into the category of architectual structure, and some key points or major parts that play a large role in how buildings apear . I then began to look into the defination of structure to see what i could make from the links in architecture and graphics.
Resemble
Reality Echo
Reflect
Shape & Size
Symmetry
Form
Architecture
Structure:1) The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex Structure : 2) A building or other object constructed from several parts
Skyscraper
building:1) A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. From these i didnt find anything i thought that would work well against my posters, taking in mind i wanted to create simplistic post-modern posters. So i decided to simply brain storm terms that i thought would link into architecture and i could portray in my posters.
Futuristic
Movements
Buisness Formal
Post / Modern Cubism Bahaus
Vol 1 | Symmetry When it came to choosing key points in architecture, i thought reflections in the visible apearance of buildings played a key part in the mass structure of buildings and has done for generations. Looking deeper into the apearance of the word. I tried several different words, in the end i felt the word “SYMMETRY� worked best for my poster.
conform harmony balance reflect mirror
Vol 2 | Symmetry Based on the chrysler building in New York, and now used for business offices. i thought id try and co-oporate this into the poster title. As the building was inspired by Art Deco, i felt that seing as though Art Deco held a formal, clean look to it sometimes, that business and art deco would work well together and so i looked into formal constructive words to suit this poster.
s b p s
tandard usiness ower uit
Vol 3 | Cubism This design was purely created using geometry and cubism. Hence the title at the bottom of the poster. Unlike the other designs, this message is more simple and you really dont need to think about what this message is trying to say.
modern square future cube
Vol 4 | Echo Contrasting against the last poster, the message was simplistic and easy to understand without thinking about it. With this one i wanted people to think a little before they understood the title on the poster. The building, based on the famous Dubai Hotel, which represents a sail of a boat. looking into phrases likes resemble , or replicate i thought id choose Echo. The reason for this is because, when something echo’s, usualy Audio, it is copying from what it originates. So this hotel is echoing off a boats sail, resutling in the title, Echo.
resemble replace double copy
gloss | Matte | Silk