Alysia Arnold_Y4 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

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THE NEW NORDIC

RAPID TRANSIT NODE AND INTERNATIONAL FORUM

WEST JUTLAND, DENMARK

The Nordic Region comprises five states – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden with similar cultures and interwoven histories. For historical reasons, the countries have never been united in any form of sustainable union. The project speculates on the formation of a new federal union of the Scandinavian countries into a single country facilitated by a representative governmental body. Creating mutual benefits of ecological, social, economic and political conditions which will facilitate balanced development for local residents in the area preserving its identity, meet the demand of recreational and cross-border activities, and bring adequate management for natural preservation.

A new floating fixed link traversing the countries would be necessary, for the development and improvement of the rail traffic, both passenger and freight. The federation agreement would demand shorter travel times and a punctual cross border railway network. The project contributes to develop the regional rail traffic while solving the lack of capacity for the rail freight traffic and the longer train journeys in Scandinavia. The biggest benefit to uniting would be to get a greater say on the world stage. With a larger population would come stronger representation, warranting the need for a forum. A hub for political leaders of the Nordic countries and beyond to for meetings, events and launches. Facilitating unity on matters such as defence and international affairs.

The dual program comprises an auditorium and train station located on Denmark’s West Coast. The Danish hinterland holds a strategic vantage point bordering Denmark, Sweden and Norway making it a suitable location for a node in the rail system

node. In line with the Nordic values upheld by the federation, the institution utilises the member countries’ existing abundant local resources – in this case water reed. Project focus has been driven by an investigation in thatch roofing systems utilised as an inherent feature of traditional postand-beam structures, with examples prevalent in rural Scandinavia, inspiring a focus on the roof as both a structural and spatial component of the building.

Ambition to develop a new conception of the notion of a roof evolves in tandem with the exploration of an integral permaculture thatching system allowing the project to be multi-faceted, integrated and ecologically harmonious, at once innovative and referring to primitive technologies.

Typical morphology of Phragmites australis showing (a) panicle, (b) leaf sheath containing fringed ligule, (c) leaf blade, (d) spikelet, (e) stoma and (f) horizontal and vertical rhizomes with roots. Above-ground reed parts were collectBohdan Křísa in the eld in the Czech Republic. Below-ground material was collected from the common garden of The Czech Academy of Sciences. Drawings by Skoumalová.

ESBJERG, WEST JUTLAND, DENMARK NATURAL RESOURCE : WATER REED

PROJECT ABSTRACT

New Nordic

The Nordic Region comprises five ates – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden – with similar cultures and interwoven hi ories. For hi orical reasons, the countries have never been united in any form of su ainable union. The proje eculates on the formation of a new federal union of the Scandinavian countries into a single country facilitated by a representative governmental body. Creating mutual benefits of ecological, social, economic and political conditions which will facilitate balanced development for local residents in the area preserving its identity, meet the demand of recreational and cross-border a ivities, and bring adequate management for natural preservation.

A new floating fixed link traversing the countries would be necessary, for the development and improvement of the rail tra c, both passenger and freight. The federation agreement would demand shorter travel times and a pun ual cross border railway network. The proje contributes to develop the regional rail tra c while solving the lack of capacity for the rail freight tra c and the longer train journeys in Scandinavia. The bigge benefit to uniting would be to get a greater say on the world age. With a larger population would come ronger representation, warranting the need for a forum. A hub for political leaders of the Nordic countries and beyond to for meetings, events and launches. Facilitating unity on ma ers such as defence and international a airs.

The dual program comprises an auditorium and train ation located on Denmark’s We Coa . The Danish hinterland holds a rategic vantage point bordering Denmark Sweden and Norway making it a suitable location for a node in the rail sy em node. In line with the Nordic values upheld by the federation, the in itution utilises the member countries’ exi ing abundant local resources – in this case water reed. Proje focus has been driven by an inve igation in thatch roofing sy ems utilised as an inherent feature of traditional po -and-beam ru ures, with examples prevalent in rural Scandinavia, in iring a focus on the roof as both a ru ural and atial component of the building.

Ambition to develop a new conception of the notion of a roof evolves in tandem with the exploration of an integral permaculture thatching sy em allowing the proje to be multi-faceted, integrated and ecologically harmonious, at once innovative and referring to primitive technologies.

THE UNITED NORDIC FEDERATION

The new federation, with its joint con itution, joint government and population of 25 million, is a brand new and major player

ivities

150 -YE AR HERITAGE

A total of 12 in itutions funded by the o cial NORD cooperation will be situated at rategic points across the regions

NORDIC SYNERGY FEDERAL COUNCIL

Economic Governance

Asset trading and a ive management of cyclical market exposure within dry cargo and produ tanker segments

Medium-to-long-term market focus (>2 years)

Organised Work

Global tran ort solutions and a ive management of shortterm market exposure in the dry cargo market

Short-term market focus (<2 years)

A s set- light

• Short-term trading-oriented operator a ivities

• Asset trading oriented shipowner a ivities

• Less capital intensive

• Risk management as core part of business

Public Welfare

Global tran ort solutions and a ive management of shortterm market exposure in the produ tanker market

Short-term market focus (<2 years)

Agile

• Resilient business based on a ive management of shipping por olio

• Re onding to changing cu omer demands

• Capitalising on market volatility

• Leveraging data and rategic partnerships

Generating higher returns to shareholder s

By under anding equit y is the people, the federation has lear ned to s ynergise, optimise and leverage the many for ms of intelligence that ultimately define us. Intelligence enables us to a with the au tonomy, agilit y and eed needed to make the right decisions for communitys , employees, shareholder s and the environment

NEW RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK

The ongoing inve ments and renewal of up to 41 billion. mu bring the railway in duck to provide a more modern and e cient train produ benefit the passengers, the conge ion on the roads and the climate. It is absolutely essential that these ore going on proje s arrive safely on time and on time.

2017 2020 2025 2030 2035

New signals

Higher capacity, more trains on time, opportunity multiple train departures, uniformly high level of safety and be er tra c information for passengers

Ele rification of the railways a

Higher ha ighed, less CO2 emissions, less lu pollution, less eye and cheaper train driving

Upgrades of the railways a Fewer delays and shorter travel time

New ele ric trains

Higher eed, less delayed and canceled trains, less CO2 emissions, air pollution and noise

CO 2-neutral train tra c throughout the country

The government proposes: :

Faster and more trains across the country and the regions

A new metropolitan network in the metropolitan area

Better and greener public transport throughout the country

International vision

In the coming years, ele ricity will be introduced togdri on the whole heads one in ep with the completion of the facilities and supplies of DSB’s new ele ric trains from 2024 until 2030. The technological development has at the same time made it possible to apply ba eritog to the regional railways rails where diesel trains run today.

Di ribution of ba ery trains in Denmark

The government wants to read ba ery trains in Denmark through the following initiatives:

• Ba ery trains will replace the la ate diesel trains

There mu be a switch to ba ery train operation when the service life of the current diesel trains expires. As a fir ep, the government will launch a major analysis of the necessary infra ru ure for ba ery trains, which mu also look at the conne ion to the local railways. The government at the same time reserves funds for the conversion itself.

• Purchase of ba ery trains for Hol ebro-Skjern

To promote CO 2-neutral train operation, the government will procure four ba ery trains for the ate railway line between Hol ebro and Skjern and build charging infra ru ure. The purchase is part of Midtjyske Jernbaner's train procurement for the Lemvig line. The purchase allows for to gain valuable experience with ba eritog and its infra ru ure before rolling out in the re of Denmark.

Commuter Rail TGV Type

INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION

THE JUTLAND CORRIDOR

lear ned to s ynergise, optimise and leverage the many for ms of

BENEFITS TO THE LOCAL

Reduces the travel time from Esbjerg to Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Oslo by 30 minutes.

00: 14 OSLO/ GOTHENBURG

S TOCKHOLM

Increases the integrated labour market region by 325,000 people in the working age.

HELSINGBORG

HELSINGBORG

LANDSKRONA

LANDSKRONA

Reduces the travel time from Esbjerg to Copenhagen, Hamburg, and Berlin by 55 minutes.

KØBENHAVN

COPENHAGEN

LUND

MALMÖ

Can manage the 90 % increase in freight trains between Denmark and Sweden that is expe ed a er the opening of the New Nordic fixed link.

HAMBURG

Decreases travel times within the Jutland region significantly and improves commuting opportunities.

A 19 kilometers long tunnel between Copenhagen and Esbjerg for long di ance, regional and freight trains.

Section B:B in 1:1000 of site in the present, and predicted site in 50 years

WATER REED

Identification of a sea reed thatching system growing universally in coastal shallows, I’ve situated the project on a Nordic coastline.

EXISTING RELATIONSHIP TO REGIONAL URBAN CENTRES

Situated right at the sea, the region has a mild humid temperate climate with warm summers and no dr y season. Due to the proximity to the sea, the winters are milder than mo other places in Denmark, and the temperatures are more con ant.

The length of the day di ers with more than 1 hours during the year. Dark winters culminate with only 6:11 hours of daylight on the 21 of December, till summer nights with 18:28 hours of daylight on the 20th of June

With the sky and the sea as dominant natural features, the texture of the sky becomes truly important. With mo ly cloudy’ and partly cloudy’ as the main types of cloud cover, counting for over 50% of the time the changing skies are a ver y important a e s of the experience of the place.)

There is a signifiant increase in precipitation during late summer and through the autumn, while the ring is relatively dry in comparison. The number of rainy fays per month relfe s the rainfall of the given month, and the precipitation is mo ly categoriesd as moderate rain, maxing out at almo 18 days of rain in November.

Snow is not an important fa or in the coa al region. With a maximum probably of snow on the ground being 19% and a maximum average snow depth being 8.3 cm

Wind is a defining feature in the dunescape. The average daily wind eed varies between 4 and 5 metres per second (gentle breeze) with the high point in January at 9 metres per second. Prevailing wind dire ion coming from ocean towards the We as apoosed to from Ea ern Fjord

MATERIAL CENTRIC PROCESS

Project focus has been driven by an intrigue in thatch roofing systems utilised as an inherent feature of traditional post-andbeam structure. Historic examples studied included the 18th century Grain houses found in the local area

RIDGE DRESSING FASTENNG THATCH MATERIAL

UNDERLAY SUBSTRUCTURE

Raised finish ridge

Finished ridge and eaves

Turf added to ridge Addi�onal leaves added to ridge

Overlapping palm leaves ridge

Woven ridge also as decora�ve feature Legget pushing in and upwards

Shearing and Combing Sways and hooks

Hazelwood spars Reed �ed and twisted to purlns

Gridded ba�ens added to secure leaves to substructure

Norfolk reed Straw Water Reed Tung Leaves

S�tched together palm leaes prefabricated into panels and a�ached to purlins

Palm Leaves

Woven Mat

Addi�onal woven mat

Straw mat (in horizontal bundles or felted)

Ra�ers and purlins

Ra�ers Ra�ers with close knit purlins

Ra�ers with gridded ba�ens

Tall roof of bamboo ra�ers and purlins

Tall roof of bamboo ra�ers and purlins

INDONESIA VIETNAM

SCANDINAVIA LAOS

BRITISH ISLES BRITISH ISLES

TAXONOMY OF VERNACULAR THATCH

INDIGENOUS CRAFT

The regional styles of thatch roof design are the result of the materials that were historically used for roofing in times past. Here, building with natural materials is a response to its physical and chemical attributes. The construction process and outcome rely on available local resources, as well as the environmental, climatic and functional contexts.

Top left: Thatch cutting diagram. A scythe is used to harvest the thatch material. The harvester should be aware of the topography of the land so as to collect equal lengths of grass.

Middle left: A special slip knot helps secure the collected thatch from the harvest through the jamming process.

Bottom left: Comb stacking diagram. Each course of the combs secures the stalks of the ones below, creating a mutually dependant structure of stalks and combs.

Right:

Stacking section. Each bundled unit of thatch is jammed into the comb with strict dimensional requirements as indicated in the coding system. The coding tag denotes the comb used, the overall length of thatch, where the bundle should jam into the thatch, which type and segment of thatch to employ, and finally what jig to use. The trimming of the thatch with the guidance of the jigs is done only after all the thatch blocks are stacked.

Bundles are grouped and interwoven with a certain tension to form a surface, which through successive overlaps becomes impermeable and almost impenetrable.

WATER REED EXTRACTION PROCESS

1. CUTTING

The reed cutter cuts the reeds slicing through the stems just above ground level. Traditionally reeds were cut with a hook or scythe.

2. BUNDLING AND DRESSING THE REED

The bundle is raked to clear out t plant debris and then loosely tied with twine.

3.KNOCKING UP

A loose bundle is taken and the base is repeatedly knocked onto a piece of wood. This process lines up the base of the reads and helps to create a tight bundle ready for thatching.

4. STACKING

The bundles are tightly stacked in a long reed stack and covered with tarpaulin ready to be taken away for thatching

PHENOMENOLOGICAL QUALITIES

Spatial qualities of thatch informed by the roof depth and substructure condition creates opportunity for atmospheric architectural qualities to create a spatial encounter through an impact on the human senses.- an area of focus within the design intent

“Compared

TRADITIONAL SUBSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

POST AND BEAM STRUCTURE

Traditionally supported by timber substructures, thatch fibres are woven around bent nodes following incisions in the surface to guide the fibres and to tie several pieces. Assemblies recognize that the tectonics and structural integrity of wood resides in the alignment of its fibres - The threads act as both the distributional components and the binding components of the arrangement

PARAMETRIC FORM FINDING

Initial structural logic of posts and beams informed by a grasshopper script enabling hyperbolic paraboloid arrangements allowing for organic forms with orthogonal elementsretaining the essence of original post and beam structures.

VERNACULAR ABSTRACTION

SPATIAL EXPERIMENTS

Experimenting with the articulation of a curved primary structural system of Glulam beams. Whilst retaining linear elements beneath the woven thatch roof surface to retain the essence of traditional post and beam thatching systems.

Small Diameter Timber

Water Reed cultures Stacked Timer Elements

Water Reed Insulation Packing

PERMACULTURE SYSTEM

Concept for a closed system tested whereby the dunescape which can facilitate the growth of water reed as thatching elements is utilised. Assembly harnesses different characteristics of water reed at each level.

Metal Shear Pins

Water Reed bails in hose nets

Sawn Logs

SUB STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Rudimentary studies depict structural assemblies of supporting substructure as an extension of tested permaculture system facilitating water reed cultures at the base.

Facade Cladding

Roof thatching

Reed culture system

Scarf Joint

Laminated Veneer Lumber

Glue laminated Lumber

ROOF AS SPATIAL AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

Geometric arrangement of substructure brings elements into a single system –- study demonstrates how orientation and combination of structural members used in first study create different spatial opportunities with minimal structural intervention internally.

1. Roof size calculated based on programmatic requirements , 45 degree angle applied as the absolute minimum pitch tolerable for a natural thatch roof

2. Roof line extended below ground inorder to accomodate subterranean train line, retaining sy em a s in compression to retain the basement forces

3. Concave massing re onds to the topography and viewpoints of the site, creating a reaching ge ure towards the ocean We and potential for an inner courtyard Ea

4. Roof line optimised to minimise damage to thatching by rong we erly winds, whil creating a dialogue with the landscape

5. Openings considered in relation to the microclimate, inorder to reach a zero-energy level through predominantly passive means

5. Li ed corned indicates entrance ecific to ation served by a drop o area for taxis, cars and buses, segregating foo all between the two programs,

Grid Optimisation

Building site segmented in accordance with different functional requirements of planned building programme

Longitudinal Program Division

Dual forum and infrastructural building programmatically divided

Height Distribution Building responds to site by centrally lifting toward sea view and dipping toward road access on East side

Additional Hyper Rail Entrance Station entrance channels footfall and can be accessed by those approaching via existing footpaths

Thatch Roof and Glulam substructure Enables the station to create a dialogue with the dun escape emerging from the landscape, spatial emphasis placed roof as structural element

TIMBER STRUCTURAL PORTAL FRAMES CONCRETE RETAINING WALL VERTICAL PRIMARY GLULAM SUPPORTS

is minimized. The archititectural expres-

gives the facade a di erent dimension

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROOF

Key investigation of the design is the degree to Which thatch can become an overriding spatial and architectural component of the building, thus the envelope comprises thatch on all surfaces direction a giving it a dimensional quality, compared to traditional structures

FUNCTION DIAGRAM DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Two programmatic wings converge with a central auditorium and sunken station at half levels with smaller quarter floors between. With a form informed by environmental and programmatic circumstances two main wings host both the concourse and circulation for the multipurpose heart of the scheme.-

MECHANICAL COMPONENTS

The inclusion of an escalator and lift assists in the efficient and inclusive navigation of the build

ENGINEERED TIMBER FABRICATION

Glulam Straight Glulam Single Curved Glulam Double Curved Glulam

(a) Longitudinal axis. (b) Radial axis. (c)

Tangential axis.

GLULAM NODE DETAIL

The different types of glulam blanks (solid blank line) for diffeent curved elements (dashed line); straight, single curved and double curved Bending result in different edge lengths, meaning that lamella lengths need to be compensated during fabrication

NORTH SEGMENT

DE TAIL DESIGN

Functional inter-relationships between the di erent components that composes itself as part of the system mechanics- the façade creates an awareness of the inseparable relationship between facades and building. The thatch envelope is interwoven with every aspect of the building design and cannot be considered separately from the roof – Tertiary Substructure informs internal ow of circulation through suspention via the ridge beams,

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

8. Concrete Water Passage

9. Insulated Concrete Foundation Slab

10. Pine Floor Boards

1. Glulam Double Ridge Beam

2. Primary Load Bearing Glulam Beam

3. Linear Roof Truss

4. Tertiary Floor Plate Support Beam

5. Notched Secondary Roof Truss

6. Thatch Battens

7. Five Ply CLT Suspended Floor Deck

15. Phytopuri cation Pool

11. Compacted Thatch Insulation

12. Water Reed Thatch Roof Cladding

13. Concrete Retaining Wall

14. Stepped CLT Floor Deck

16. Integrated Insulative Thatch Panelling

COLUMN TO COLUMN CONNECTION

COLUMN TO STEEL PLATE BASE CONNECTION

CONSTRUCTION OVERVIEW

Axonemtric diagram depicts relationship between interior members. Tertiary support beams support clt floor plates, suspended from a ridge beam which supports the primary load of the structure.

Primary strucuture

Secondary Structure

Tertiray Structure

Thatch Battens

DUAL ACCESS ATRIUM

CENTRAL SUNKEN AUDITORIUM STATION CONCOURSE

1. Site Excavation - Baseline site includes rock to be blasted and conjoins with tunnelled portion.

2. Foundation pour and recast concrete panel placement

3. Primary vertical glulam beams positioned with adjacent face beam supporting posts

4. Floor girders, ridge beam and adjacent truss supports, ridge beam positioned

5. Floor, stairs and auditorium build out. Thatch battens postioned on lower portion of envelope

6. Envelope secondary beams and trusees, thatch battens positioned on raised portions of envelope.

5.

The A.P. Moller - Maersk Group

Facilitating global containerised trade Maersk group is the world’s largest container shipping company and together with our container terminals and logistics businesses we handle a large share of the world’s containerised trade

NET ZERO CARBON

Because of their composition, large glulam members can be manufactured from a variety of smaller trees harvested from second-growth forests and plantations on site. Timber and thatch requires no chemicals to grow, can be harvested by hand or using traditional farm machinery, requires no mechanical processing and therefore has low embodied energy and can be fixed using hand tools. At the end of its life, it can be composted and returned to the land.

STATION COMPONENT

INFRASTRUCTURE STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. LVL Pannelled Acoustic Barriers

2. Concrete Tunnel Segment

3. Water Reed Thatch Cladding

4. Integrated Insulative Thatch Panelling

5. CLT Floor Decking

6. Integrated Tunnel Drainage System

7. Concealed MEP

8. MDF Soundproofing Ledge

9. Insulated Concrete Foundation Slab

10. Rail Gauge

4.

1. Minimal ground disturbances,

3. Higher advance rates

2. Minimal support requirements

Tr uss str ucture

A truss structure is chosen as the structural principle, since it can utilize the whole height of the building for carr ying the spans where

AUDITORIOM

Graphic statics

SOCIAL FLEXIBLE SPACE

analogue and digital tools are used First a simple truss is investigated using graphic statics to settle where there will be compression and tension, and where the highest stresses will be Generally it can be said that the largest forces will be in the top and bottom chords towards the middle of the span. Compression in the top and tension in the bottom respectively

divided by 400. With a length of 64.4m this equals 0.161m. One can though discuss if it

structural members have not been optimized. All trusses are with pinned connections.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

which allows di erent con gurations. In addition to primary function of facilitating meetings between the governing bodies of the countries involved in the union, at any other time it serves a civic function posing as a facility for the land management group and visiting ecologists, a forum for discussions on coastal land management, consolidating and organising cooperatives at city scale, protecting social and ecological capital, diversifying income and creating job opportunities within the eco-tourism sector and beyond.

The great exibility characterizes above all the space of the

truss is a basic ‘Howe truss ’ like the one used for the graphic statics example Aesthetically the many diagonal members are taking up too much space, and making the truss seem too solid, not in line with the concept of a transparent facade

Option 5: Here the intersections are moved down, so the diagonal members meet at the they hit the bottom chord An advantage with this combination is that the beams holding the slab can also act together with the bottom chord to distribute the tension forces in the tension forces in this version is almost half of spatial qualities as well

DETAIL DESIGN

Truss development

Trusses provide opportunity to mount acoustic mineral bibres boards which work work to increase the reach of speakers within the auditorium but also a programmatic advantage.

In the later development digital tools are used to generate quick variations of the truss, and the results are held up against manual calculations.

Since the payload is the dominating load on the structure, for the sake of simplicity these examples are tested with a linearly distributed load, equivalent to 5kN/m2 of exhibition area carried by the truss on the exterior side of the building. In the examples calculated in Karamba for Grasshopper the gravity on the construction is also part of the load scheme. To better be able to compare the results the same material and cross section is used in all these examples.

Option 2: Second variation substitutes the diagonal web members with wire crosses, to create a more transparent facade, but still the vertical members are too dominant.

Option 3: Here the gap between the members are increased to be per 10deg of the circle, still

ther and tested thoroughly in relation to its impact on the spatial qualities.

Option 4: A new test seeking to remove the vertical member by using a double intersection warren truss. Here the forces are transferred in the diagonal members, but due to the level changes of the bottom chord the height of the intersection between the web members changes too, which is not aesthetically and technical-

8. Three Ply CLT Platform

9. Integrated Auditorium Seating

10. Five Ply CLT Suspended Floor Deck

1. Water Reed Thatch Roof Cladding

2. Longitudinal Notched Glulam Roof Truss

3. Linear Notched Roof Truss

4. Thatch Battens

5. Glulam Double Ridge Beam

6. Linear Notched Secondary Roof Truss

7. Free form Notched Secondary Roof Truss

15. Concrete Floor Slab

11. Glulam Brace Beam

12. Concrete Retaining Wal

13.Reinforced Column Footing

14. Integrated Drainage System

auditorium,

Ill.

120b

Compression Tension

Ill. 121a ‘Howe truss’

Ill. 121b ‘Pratt truss’ with wire crosses instead of diagonal web members

Ill. 121c ‘Pratt truss’ with wire crosses instead of diagonal web members

Ill. 121d ‘Double intersection warren truss’ with the slab resting on the web members

Ill. 121e Variation on a ‘double intersection warren truss’

The connection point of a truss structure with slotted steel plates, steel dowels and bindings.

FRAGMENTS

ENVELOPE

STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS

Fragments depict different instances of the inter dependant relationship between the envelope and intenal substructure. (1) Two clt level, reinforced ply to mitigate reverberation from hyper train tunnel immediately below, (2) Single level decking with idouble height ceiling and ncllined concrete retained basement level (3)Suspended walkway utilising primary constructive aspect of the arrangement

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. Primary Load Bearing Glulam Beam

2. Water Reed Thatch Roof Cladding

3. Glulam Double Ridge Beam

4. Secondary Free Form Roof Truess

5. Secondary Roof Truss

6. Concrete Retaining Wall

7. Concrete Foundation Slab

8. Concrete Tunnell Segment

9. Railway Gauge

10. Pine Decking

11. Insulated Concrete Foundation Slab

12. Tertiary Floor Plate Support Beam

13. Five Ply CLT Suspended Floor Deck

1. Glulam Double Ridge Beam

2. Primary Load Bearing Glulam Beam

3. Linear Roof Truss

4. Tertiary Floor Plate Support Beam

5. Secondary Roof Truss

6. Thatch Battens

7. 5 Ply CLT Suspended Floor Deck

8. Concrete Water Passage

9. Insulated Concrete Foundation Slab

10. Floor Boards

11. Compacted Thatch Insulation

4.

6.

5.

8. Five Ply CLT Suspended Floor Deck

9. Vertical Glulam Thatch Battens

10. Notched Floor Deck Support Beams

1. Water Reed Thatch Roof Cladding

2. Glulam Thatch Battens

3. Notched Secondary Roof Truss

4. Overhanging Eaves

5. Glulam Header Beam

6. Low Emissivity Glazing

7. Integrated Base Beam 15. Integrated Drainage System

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

11. Vibration Damping Board

12. Concrete Footing

13. Steel Rebar 14. MEP

ACOUSTIC

LVL pannelled shuttered barriers act to mitigate sound distubanc e from passing trains. Noise reduction % estimates are based upon the measured reduction in decibels based upon the university testing, with 10 decibels reductions, equated to a 50% reduction in perceived noise.

PANELLING

5 PLY CLT floor plates reduce reverberation from passing trains. Isolatig the noise from activities internally

Finite element analysis (FEA) demonstrates stress distribution across structural members simulating the behaviour of a part or assembly under given conditions Being the load of the thatch in this instance. Results show articulation of elements results in an evenly distributeed load which is structurally integral. notches considerably reduce the load-carrying capacity of beams, because of the stress concentra-tions at the abrupt change of cross-section together with low strengths and brittle failure mecha-nisms of timber in tension perpendicular to grain and in shear. Micro-notches are a valid replacement for conventional notches for TCC slabs, providing several ad-vantages. The composite action of micro-notches can be assumed rigid, no additional screws or dowels, are needed, and the timber cross-section is less compromised than with conventional notch-es. The principle of operation of micro-notches is similar to that of glued connections, were the mi-cro-notches have a lower, still su_cient strength, but operate without any adhesive.

OBSERVATIONS

The graphs show the ouptur of excessive temperatures and comfort termperatures of the initial analysis. As seen the platform and auditorium does not fulfull the requirements. In addition, the entrance is later lowered due to atmospheric reasons. In this context there is created an overhang on the outerface of the builfing to accomodate potential overheating issues. Even though the hours above-analysis shows excessive tempoeratures the gneral comfort temperatures are almost within building category 2 medium

Water Source Heat Pumps - Recover the latent thermal energy absorbed by the wetlands. Water is pumped into the system where the latent heat is used to compress a refrigerant. The refrigerant then transfers heat into the distribution system, powering the building.

OBSERVATIONS

The following analysis of the energy consumption shows thaat that the energy consumption in general increases due to the changes of the design. Especially seen when the substitution of windows are made, since bettwe insulated windows cause less pssive solar heating, eventually causing a higher heating demand

PHYTO - PURIFICATION

Where aquatic and non-aquatic plants feed on elements that are in the water, yielding oxygen, and thus regenerating healthy and clean water. These techniques can help us keeping water clean and purifying it naturally.

PASSIVE VENTILATION

Wind-driven cross ventilation occurs via ventilation openings on opposite sides of the enclosed space. Figure 1 shows a schematic of cross ventilation serving a multi-room building, referred t as global cross ventilation. The building floor plan depth in the direction of the ventilation flow must be limited to effectively remove heat and pollutants from the space. Figure 2 demonstrates an instance of stack ventilation conversely.

AERODYNAMIC FORM

By orienting the building’s front face towards the South - the form follows the prevailing direction against the strong southern wind, - not only does the roofs shape contribute in sheltering from the wind, but it also has been formed to limit points of weakness where thatch could be ripped off by prevailing breezes.

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

The inclusion of day lighting in designing, through design tools, results in improved daylight, and therefore reduces visual discomfort. From energy point of view, the main objective of windows is to provide "usable" daylight to the interior of offices, allowing the electric lighting to be replaced by natural light and reducing the cost of electric load. The determination of daylight-related performance indicators of illuminance, and daylight factor were identified by software (VELUX).

Blinds

Curtains

Emissive Glazing

REQUIREMENTS

The part of the program that needs more sunshine is along the East facade (Auditorium, Station and ticket office ) and the concourse. . The commercial functions face the open porch southwards therefore although not affected by direct light they can benefit of a generous diffused light. The large glazed window of the auditorium is facing south t given its heavy use

WINTER SOLSTICE DAYLIGHT DISTUTION

DECEMBER 21ST

SUMMER SOLSTICE DAYLIGHT DISTRIBTION

JUNE 21ST

ACCESS TO LIGHT

In the development of the project, two strategies have been analysed using the Ladybug plugin for GH (sunlight hours) to assess the potential of bringing natural light down into the station.

ACCESS TO LIGHT

In the development of the project, two strategies have been analysed using the Ladybug plugin for GH (sunlight hours) to assess the potential of bringing natural light down into the station.

EMERGENY SERVICE ACCESSIBILTY

SPRINKLER PLANS

In recent years there have been many advances in domestic sprinkler systems. The life safety advantages and the extra property protection can be considerable. Sprinkler heads should always be placed so that the sprays overlap—the distance one head throws should reach the head of the next sprinkler. This is called headto-head coverage, and sprinklers should be placed equidistantly in each zone to achieve it.

Hose

Ladder

Alarm Emergency Phone

Access Point

CHAR LAYER

An alternative solution provides a design allowance for sacrificial layers of char—a method already utilized in traditional large-scale wooden construction with post and beam structures. Wood burns; however, it does so at a slow rate of around one millimetre per minute. Further, the charred layer formed from the initial burning acts as a fire-resistant coating. In other words, in the event of a fire, an exposed piece of thick, solid wood—used as is—can slow the overall combustion rate, allowing time for evacuation.

Emergency services situated 0.2 Km from site allowing for a rapid response

Raw material availabilty of timber indicated on the plan contributing to the buildings sustainable life cycle. The building adopts regenerative methods of construction throughout the construction process and lifecycle

Nor th Sea Base P or t

The Por t of Esbjerg in the Danish par t power in Europe.

has been the primary base por t for all oil and gas activities of the Nor th Sea. The Por t of Esbjerg is the leading por t for wind

Connection s to Europ e

Right from the beginning, trade with England has been an impor tant business several liner shipping companies connect the via a comprehensive route network. area for the Por t of Esbjerg, and today Por t of Esbjerg with the whole of Europe

THE DANISH STATE GUARANTEE MODEL FOR INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT

In the Danish state guarantee model, individual private limited companies responsible for the delivery of the project are firstly set up by the Danish (Nordiskløkke Danmark A/S) and Norwegian states (Nordisksløyfe Norge AS). The states will then act as financial guarantors for loan agreements (through the Danish National Bank and Norges Bank), which are bought on international credit markets, where Norway and Denmark’s triple A credit rating is leveraged as guarantors to borrow money with more favourable interest rates. Extra capital can then be injected by the states as and when needed but the risk of the project is shifted from the state budgets and welfare systems.

Loans taken out throughout the duration of the delivery of the project are then repaid through revenue from user tolls paid to the public state-owned operations and maintenance contractor (DSB nordicloop).

Main Characteristics of the SGM

- Paid for by users

- State guarantee on all loans

- Low financing cost

- Organised through a private company entity

- Full-state ownership of the company entity

- Full-state control and insight SERVICES CONTRACT WORKS CONTRACT

PROJECT ARCHITECTS

Apointed to operate within the consortium for the duration of the design and build phase

ENGINEERS

Informing structural, mechanical, environmental and geological aspects of the project

CONSULTANT SPECIALISTS

Thatch, tunnelling and excavation specialist shall be conferred with among others

MULTIPLE PARTY PARTNERSHIP

Multiple parties would be deeply involved in this project and diverse expertise are requred in delivering the project to its top outcome quality. Therefore, partnering as the procurement method is decided for the project.

Diverse requirement in the project requires different partiesto act as partners and be involved through out every stage, in oder to achive positive result, successful partenring is based on mutual trust , commitment to shared goals and open communications among all involved parties,

SUPPLIERS Contracted to provide materials as part of the delivery of a built asset.

WORKS SUB CONTRACTORS

Thatch, tunnelling and excavation specialist shall be conferred with among others

ON-SITE ARCHITECTS

negotiations with contracts and dealing with and resolving any problems that may occur.

All work produced by Unit 14

Unit book design by Charlie Harriswww.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

SPATIAL TECTONIC 2022

PG14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new: leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through the astute synthesis of both. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals.

The focus of this year’s work evolved around the concept of ‘Spatial Tectonic’. This term describes architectural space as a result of the highest degree of synthesis of all underlying principles. Constructional logic, spatial innovation, typological organisation, and environmental and structural performance are all negotiated in an iterative process driven by architectural investigation. These inherent principles of organisational intelligence can be observed in both biotic and abiotic systems, in all spatial arrangements where it is critical for the overall performance of any developed order. Ultimately such principles suggest that the arrangement of constituents provides intelligence as well as advantage to the whole.

Through a deep understanding of architectural ingredients, students generated highly developed architectural systems in which spatial organisation arose as a result of sets of mutual interactions. These interactions were understood through targeted iterations of spatial models, uncovering logical links while generating ambitious and speculative arrangements. Sequential testing and the enriching of abstract yet architectural systems were the basis of architectural form - communicating the relationship of all logical dependencies, roles and performances within the system.

Thanks to: ARUP, ALA, DKFS, knippershelbig, RSHP, HASSELL, Seth Stein Architects, ZHA, Expedition Engineering