Svenja Siever_Y5 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

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THE LINDWORM FESTIVAL

MERGING NOVEL GLULAM STRUCTURES AND LANDSCAPE IN MUNICH

MUNICH, GERMANY

Wood performs best along the grain, making bending timber more resourceefficient, durable, and structurally effective than cutting it. This project examines the technical abilities of large-span glulam structures and their integration as part of a continuous structure in Munich, Germany.

Spatial Definition

The overall spatial definition is investigated by categorising abstract spatial sequence iterations with the help of SubD. In addition, Live Physics engines are used to create shell structures from hanging models to optimise enclosing roof structures.

Structural Investigation

Structural hierarchy is established through stress trajectory from load analysis, resulting in different beam and lamella dimensions for primary and secondary structures. Implementing different timber species and cuts contributes to efficiency and the legibility of the construction hierarchy. Options of creating planar stiffness are examined through diagrid variations generated through the collection of simulation data. Mimicking the dynamics of branching networks, the Lindenmayer System helps to create bifurcating systems based on the ‘shortest walk’, therefore, saving material.

Brief and Site

The brief investigates Germany and China’s economic and cultural relations within the Bavarian context. As a city that embraces traditional and innovative values, Munich is the place where a project of this scale can be most likely realised. Also, timber is a deep-routed traditional building material in south Germany and has regained

popularity in recent years.

Taking the concept of the diverse ‘Volksgarten’, the project helps to facilitate international exchange on the Theresienwiese, where celebration brings cultures closer together. As reflected in the Olympic Park by Frei Otto and Günter Behnisch, landscape plays an essential role in the city’s urban planning. Respecting the heritage of the Theresienwiese, the design facilitates celebration spaces while bringing back greenery to a site that was once lush grassland.

The challenge of the project was to synthesise the early material and spatial investigations with the given cultural backgrounds and contextual constraints.

Project Statement

Wood performs best along the grain, making bending timber more resource-efficient, durable, and structurally effective than cutting it. This project examines the technical abilities of large-span glulam structures and their integration as part of a continuous structure in Munich, Germany.

Spatial Definition

The overall spatial definition is investigated by categorising abstract spatial sequence iterations with the help of SubD. In addition, Live Physics engines are used to create shell structures from hanging models to optimise enclosing roof structures.

Structural Investigation

Structural hierarchy is established through stress trajectory from load analysis, resulting in different beam and lamella dimensions for primary and secondary structures. Implementing different timber species and cuts contributes to efficiency and the legibility of the construction hierarchy. Options of creating planar stiffness are examined through diagrid variations generated through the collection of simulation data. Mimicking the dynamics of branching networks, the Lindenmayer System helps to create bifurcating systems based on the ‘shortest walk’, therefore, saving material.

Brief and Site

The brief investigates Germany and China’s economic and cultural relations within the Bavarian context. As a city that embraces traditional and innovative values, Munich is the place where a project of this scale can be most likely realised. Also, timber is a deep-routed traditional building material in south Germany and has regained popularity in recent years.

Taking the concept of the diverse ‘Volksgarten’, the project helps to facilitate international exchange on the Theresienwiese, where celebration brings cultures closer together. As reflected in the Olympic Park by Frei Otto and Günter Behnisch, landscape plays an essential role in the city’s urban planning. Respecting the heritage of the Theresienwiese, the design facilitates celebration spaces while bringing back greenery to a site that was once lush grassland.

The challenge of the project was to synthesise the early material and spatial investigations with the given cultural backgrounds and contextual constraints.

Files submitted:

BARC0175_22_SvenjaSiever_PG14_ProjectStatement.pdf

BARC0175_22_SvenjaSiever_PG14_Portfolio.pdf

lind·worm

The project name ‘Lindworm Ferstival’ was picked due to its links to the chosen brief and site. The Lindworm is a mythical European creature, usually resembling a wingless wyvern. For that reason, it looks similar to the traditional Chinese dragon.

The project brief explores the economic and cultural ties between Germany and China and the advancement of that exchange through a design that accommodates both celebration cultures.

The Lindwurm, representing a symbol of that relationship, also serves as the name of a prominent street near the site in Munich, giving the title a sense of place.

Spatial

3 4

Detailed Design

Final Drawings

Spatial Tectonics

Structural and Spatial Investigations

1.1 Artefact Case Study: The Doecker Gymnasium

The Hetzer System

BENT GLUED LAMINATED H-BEAM

STEEL STRAPPING PURLIN ROOF SYSTEM

LOUVER CEILING (BARREL VAULT)

DOECKER GYMNASIUM WUPPERTAL 1911

The hall was built in 1911 by the largest manufacturer of buildings in wood panel construction as a model gym for the international hygiene exhibition in Dresden. The dismantlable “Doecker system building” has a supporting structure made of parabolic laminated timber arched trusses that go back to Otto Hetzer, the inventor of curved glue-laminated beams made of several lamellas.

ROOF

COMPOSITE BEAMS

Hetzer patent 163144: This composite beam has been adapted to the moment in a parabolic shape. Hetzer used woods of different strengths. For this girder, a 40mm thick pine board was glued into a parabolic spruce beam. Gluing takes place under pressure. The deflections of the glued girder are only one third of the solid wood girder.

SOLID WOOD GIRDER (SPRUCE)

PURLIN ROOF SYSTEM

LOUVER CEILING

BENT GLUED LAMINATED H-BEAM

THREE-HINGED ARCH

DOECKER HALL: LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE

Compression

40MM PINE PANEL INFILL ALONG MOMENT PATH COMPOSITE BEAM WITH LESS DEFLECTION

GLULAM H-BEAM

Hetzer patent 197773: Hetzer’s idea was to arrange boards with higher strength to the outside of the glued laminated beam.

GLUED LAMINATED H-BEAM

STRESS TRAJECTORY Tension Compression

HEARTWOOD (COMPRESSION-RESISTANT)

SAP WOOD

HEARTWOOD (TENSION-RESISTANT)

Round | Glulam

I-Beam interlocked | Solid wood

T-Beam | Glulam

Box shaped | Glulam, OSB

Beam horizontal splice | Glulam

Box shaped | Glulam, OSB

Beam horizontal/vertical splice | Glulam

I-Beam | Glulam

Cross-laminated timber | Solid wood

I-Beam | Solid wood, OSB

I-Beam stiffened | Solid wood, Stiffener

I-Beam reinforced | Solid wood, OSB

1.2 Artefact Case Study: Bishop Edward King Chapel

The starting point for this project was two architectural images: The first is the hollow in the ground as the community‘s meeting place. The second is the delicate ship-like timber structure that floats above the tree canopy, the gathering place for light and sound. The chapel, seen from the outside, is a single stone enclosure. The internal timber structure is constructed of prefabricated glulam sections with steel fixings and fully concealed steel base plate connections. The glulam sections are made up of visual grade spruce laminations.

BISHOP EDWARD KING CHAPEL CUDDESDON 2013

GLULAM FRAME

CLIPSHAM STONE FACADE

FRAME SUPPORTS TIMBER ROOF

WALLS ENCICRLE FRAME ERECT

BISHOP EDWARD KING CHAPEL CONSTRUCTION

The structure can be divided into two independent and self-supporting parts: the external wall, the roof structure – glulam columns and lattice diagrid. The roof barely rests on the glulam structure. Glulam was chosen for the internal timber structure for its ability to create elegant curved columns and beams.

The outer members curve inwards in different directions as they rise, connecting to adjacent glulam members to form the diagrid. The central member curves upwards in the opposite direction to meet the clerestory.

1.3 Glulam Form Finding Through Live Physics Simulation

GLULAM FREE FORM FRAGMENT - INTEGRATED SLABS

This glulam free form fragment follows a synclastic shape generated by a hanging structure through Kangaroo. The glulam elements are formed freely and are projected onto the shell. The glulam beams act as bracing elements simultaneously and thus resist horizontal forces. Slabs can be made by splitting the individual laminations or, in this case, following a shell structure like the Hannover Expo Roof.

Fig. 01 Herzog +Partner | Expo Roof Hannover 2000

1.4 Spatial Sequences I Transition Spaces Catalogue

CIRCULATION

PINCHED SURFACES

FOLDED SURFACES

ROOF/ENCLOSURE

A3 - INTEGRATED SPIRAL STAICASE

Abstract Continuous Surface Grid Structure

Top View

D1 - ENCLOSURE WITH PASSAGEWAY

Investigation of the Lindenmayer Branching System

1.6 Dynamics and Morphogenesis of Branching in Nature

Fig. 02 GIANT WATER LILY Victoria amazonica

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Fig. 03 ICE CRYSTALLISATION

Primary Secondary Primary Secondary

Fig. 04 MARINE SPONGE Uplectella Aspergillum

1.7 Spatial Sequences II

Multi-Floor Continuous Surfaces

1.8 Detailed Fragment Testing

Continuous Surface with Lateral Bracing Through Branching

Top View Elevation

A4 - DETAILED FRAGMENT: FRONT

1.9 Construction Hierarchy

Material and Dimensions

Timber species: Beech

Average density: 720 kg/m3

Flexural strength: 105-123 N/mm2

PRIMARY Beam depth: 500mm -1200mm

Timber species: Yew

Average density: 650 kg/cm³

Flexural strength: 85 N/mm²

SECONDARY I Beam depth: 400mm - 900mm

Timber species: Spruce

Average density: 800 kg/m3

Flexural strength: 80 N/mm2

SECONDARY II Beam depth: 600mm - 900mm

SECONDARY III Beam depth: 500mm

Timber species: Spruce

Average density: 800 kg/m3

Flexural strength: 80 N/mm2

TERTIARY Beam depth: 250mm

Timber species: Oak

Average density: 670 kg/m3

Flexural strength: 90-110 N/ mm²

DETAIL

A6 - DETAILED FRAGMENT: GROUND CONNECTION

1.10 Investigation of Minimal Surfaces

Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (Soap Film Shapes)

GYROID cos(x) * sin(y) + cos(y) * sin(z) + cos(z) * sin(x)

DIAMOND sin(x) * sin(y) * sin(z) + sin(x) * cos(y) * cos(z) + cos(x) * sin(y) * cos(z) + cos(x) * cos(y) * sin(z)

SCHOEN IWP (cos(x)*cos(y))+(cos(y)*cos(z))+(cos(z)*cos (x))-(cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(z))

P W HYBRID 10*(cos(x)*cos(y))+(cos(y)*cos(z))+(cos(z)*c os(x))-0.01*(cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(z)))) L 0.5*(sin(2*x)*cos(y)*sin(z)+sin(2*y)*cos(z)*sin(x)+sin(2*z)*cos(x)*sin(y))-0.5*(cos(2*x)*c os(2*y)+cos(2*y)*cos(2*z)+cos(2*z)*cos(2*x))

SCHWARZ P -(cos(x) + cos(y) + cos(z))

NEOVIUS 3*(cos(x)+cos(y)+cos(z))+4*(cos(x)*cos(y) *cos(z))

SCHWARZ D cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(z)-sin(x)*sin(y)*sin(z)

HOLES (cos(x)+cos(y)+cos(z)) + 4*cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(z)

SCHWARZ G sin(x)*cos(y)+sin(z)*cos(x)+sin(y)*cos(z)

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1.11 Minimal Surface Spatial Rationalisation

1.12 Overall Structure Experimentation

Minimal Surface Definition

ELEVATION

PERSPECTIVE

1.13 Glulam Application to Minimal Surface Spaces

Principal Stress Analysis and Spatial Qualities

1.14 Interior Views

Fluid Transitions PERSPECTIVE

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Spatial Tectonics Brief and Site

2.1 The New Silk Roads

Infrastructure and Trade

Container Shipping Routes Freight Train Connections

CHINA‘S NEW SILK ROADS

China-Piraeus-Rotterdam

China - Mongolia - Russia

New Eurasian Land Bridge

GERMAN EXPORT TO CHINA

CHINESE EXPORT TO GERMANY

AUTOMOTIVE AND AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY

£16.99B per year

MECHANICAL AND PLANT ENGINEERING

£16.53B per year

ICT, ELECTRONICS, AUTOMATION

£9.77B per year

ICT, ELECTRONICS, AUTOMATION

£30.28B per year

MECHANICAL AND PLANT ENGINEERING

China-Central Asia-West Asia 1 2 3

1 2 3

£22.91B per year

TEXTILES, CLOTHING

£6.07B per year

2.2 Sino-Bavarian Correspondance Economics

CLOSE ECONOMIC TIES

- China is Bavaria‘s most important trading partner, replacing the US as the EU‘s largest trading partner

- Bavarian companies account for a fifth of the German-Chinese trade volume

- Trading volume 2020: 33.9 billion Euros. For comparison, the USA: 29.4 billion euros

- 2,000 Bavarian companies have economic ties to China. In return, around 400 Chinese companies are active in the Free State

OBJECTIVES OF CHINESE INVESTORS

- European market access and access to technological know-how

- Expansion of research and development capacities and long-term establishment of new sales locations

- Expansion of customer and logistics network and product portfolio

- Circumvention of EU customs and import regulations (Free Trade Zone)

BENEFITS FOR THE BAVARIAN ECONOMY

- China as a solvent investor

STEADY GROWTH IN BAVARIAN-CHINESE TRADE

- Further development of technologies

- Access to the Asian market

BAVARIAN FIRMS IN CHINA

Agency “Invest in Bavaria” helps foreign companies to settle into the area

CHINESE COMPANIES IN BAVARIA

Source: Bavarian State Ministry for Economy, regional development and energy (2020)

Source: Invest in Bavaria

2.3 Site Pinpointing

Munich - A Centre for Sino-Bavarian Trade and Cultural Exchange

DEMOGRAPHICS

23,500 Chinese citizens in Bavaria more than 8,000 in Munich

Chinese students represent the largest proportion of non-European students in Bavaria (188 university partnerships between China and Bavaria).

The institute offers plenty of cultural workshops for interested people, such as language courses, cooking courses, sports courses, etc.

Fig. 07 CHINESE CONSULATE GENERAL Munich is home to the largest Chinese consulate in Europe

Fig. 05 STUDY PROGRAMMES AND UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS

Fig. 06 CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE MUNICH

Fig. 11 A MUNICH LANDMARK: THE CHINESE TOWER The Chinese Tower with beer garden is a popular social meeting point.

Fig. 08 BMW MADE IN CHINA With the new e-car series,, the Munich-based company is producing a car for Europe in China for the first time.

Fig. 10 BAU CHINA FAIR MUNICH - SHANGHAI The leading trade fair in then for Building Systems Solutions, High-End Technologies and Materials

Fig. 09 MUNICH AIRPORT 32 direct flights per week: Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong Munich Airport is one of Germany‘s first airports to accept payment methods via Alipay and WeChat Pay.

2.4 Munich: Site Information

Theresienwiese Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt

FACTS

Area: 325,000m2

Usage:

- Oktoberfest

- Spring Festival

- Giant Flea Market

- Vintage Car Festival

- Winter Tollwood

- Bavarian Central Agriculture Festival (every four years)

Days Used Per Year: 53

SCHWANTHALERHÖHE

INDUSTRIAL PARK

ALPINE UPLAND

THERESIENWIESE

HOLZAPFELSTRASSE

MUNICH MAIN STATION

POCCISTRASSE

Bavaria Statue and Hall of Fame

View Axis

GOETHEPLATZ LINDWURMSTRASSE

2.5 Site Analysis

Green Corridors

Skate Park

2.6 Theresienwiese History and Development Timeline

1810-Today: A Site in Constant Change

1825

In 1825 the magistrate issued an ordinance according to which only 18 beer taverns from Munich were permitted. The fairground was characterised by the circular arrangement of the 18 timbered beer stalls: the Wirtsbudenring.

1907

In 1907 the small stalls in the Wirtsbudenring were replaced by six festival halls of the Munich breweries. The festival halls have since then become the landmarks of the Oktoberfest.

1930

After the end of the monarchy in 1918, nich conditions. On the initiative of redesigned in 1930, which until nation of the king‘s tent. The area fairground rides

The origin of the Oktoberfest is a horse race that took place on October 17, 1810 honouring the wedding of the Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria with Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen.

During this time, first fairground rides are set up. From then on there will be more every year.

The

In 1850 the Bavaria statue is ceremoniously unveiled on Theresienwiese. With that, the statue become an important part of the Hall of Fame and the Bavariapark ensemble.

The Agricultural Association in Bavaria decides to allow the festival to continue and hosts the annual Central Agriculture Festival (ZLF). The cattle market is a practical opportunity to present agricultural achievements and benefits the Bavarian economy

Fig. 12

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

Fig. 13

Fig.

1918, the festival was tailored more to Muthe city administration, the fairground was then had empty spaces due to the elimiarea was divided according to taverns and

1960

The architecture of the 14 large festival halls has only changed slightly since the 1960s; they offer between 1,900 and 8,450 seats inside.

2010

On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Oktoberfest, a big traditional celebration takes place. It is so well received that the Oide Wiesn, the “historical Oktoberfest“, is now an integral part of the festival.

The Oktoberfest has its first large festival tent: the Nuremberg host Georg Lang builds his “Bierburg“ with space for 6,000 people.

After the World War II, the Munich city council was an essential motor for reviving the festival. The Oktoberfest became known internationally over the decades, and it developed into a trademark of Munich. Since 1950 the mayor of Munich has officially opened the festival by tapping the first beer keg.

On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Oktoberfest, a “historical Oktoberfest“ with horse races, old rides, a museum tent, a cabaret tent and a dance floor was held on an additional area. It was so successful that the city council decided to continue this concept annually.

For the first time, all Oktoberfest breweries take part in the move-in, a parade where staff, beer carts and a brass band walk through the city to their tents.

Fig. 18

Fig. 19

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

2.7 The “Nymphenburg Volksgarten”

The Neighbourhood Funfair 1890-1916

A POSTCARD OF THE NYMPHENBURG FAIR

In 1890, the “Volksgarten Nymphenburg” opened on the former site of the Nymphenburg brewery. At that time, Nymphenburg was not a district of Munich, but a suburban area. The Volksgarten was in the immediate vicinity of Nymphenburg Palace.

Although it was a permanent amusement park, the attractions changed very frequently and rarely lasted more than two to three years.

Sports fans and keen competitors got their money‘s worth at a trotting track or at the velodrome, which was intended for bicycle races.

Particular value was placed on culinary diversity. There were different theme restaurants in the Volksgarten.

Dance balls and band stands were offered for the music lovers. In variety shows, the guests were entertained with dance numbers and funny pieces.

An innovative highlight was the observation tower opened in 1897, which had an electric elevator. From a height of 35 meters, around 30 to 40 people had the opportunity to admire the panorama of the Alps.

Nymphenburg was a popular excursion destination for working society and the terminus of the so-called steam tram, which stopped at the main entrance to the Volksgarten.

Fig. 20

Fig. 22

Fig. 23

Fig. 24

Fig. 21

2.8 Programme Investigation

Festival Culture: Celebrating Together

Winter Solstice

Fig. 24 Fig. 24

Fig. 25 Chinese New Year in January/Feburary

Fig. 26 Oktoberfest end of September

Fig. 28 May Celebration on the first of May

Fig. 29 Lantern Festival end of Feburary

Fig. 30 Winter Tollwood Munich in November

Fig. 27 Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Cakes) in September

2.10 Programme Meets Typology: World Brand Bavaria

Innovative Design with International Expression - Case Studies

Fig. 31 OLYMPIAPARK

Fig. 32 OTL AICHER, SITE PLAN

Fig. 33 BMW WELT

Fig. 34 CHRIS BANGLE, BMW GINA CONCEPT

Fig. 35 BMW CONCEPT SKETCHES

2.11 Typology Investigation I

Office, Trading Hub and Exhibition Ground Precedents

Connecting Corridor

Exhibition Halls

Agora

Fair Tower (Offices)

Hotel + Congress Centre Forum

Cargo Centres

Portal House (Reception)

Gallery + Foyer

Skyline Plaza (Shopping Mall)

Parking

Fig. 37 FRANKFURT TRADE FAIR

Fig. 36 BEIJING CCTV HEADQUARTERS

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2.12 Typology Investigation II

Traditional Bavarian Brewery + Tavern

Fig. 38 KITCHEN

Fig. 39 BREWERY

Fig. 40 PRIVATE DINING

Fig. 41 BELETAGE DINING AREA

Fig. 42 SCHWEMME

Fig. 43 BIERGARTEN

2.13 Typology Investigation III

Traditional Chinese Tea House

Fig. 44 POND

Fig. 45 PAVILLION

Fig. 46 TEA PALACE

Fig. 47 STAGE

Fig. 48 COURTYARD

Fig. 49 MAIN ENTRANCE/RECEPTION

Spatial Tectonics

Detailed Design

3.2 Integrated Landscape Iterations

3.3 Site Plan Iterations

Mediating Between Building and Landscape

3.4 Masterplan Configuration Infrastructure, Programme Massing and Landscape Integration

GROUND PLANE FORMATION

The terrain steps down towards a central plaza, simulating canyon and rock tectonics. The tier system enables the construction of multiple stories without having a significant impact on the cityscape. Within the building, the terracing of slabs helps to evenly distribute direct sunlight on all floors.

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR PROGRAMMING

Offices and exhibition areas are located and face west, as the adjacent area is more quiet. Nearby buildings are either residential or used for similar purposes. “Louder” programmes face the centre of the site and are located east, where they are better connected to infrastructure and near commercially used buildings.

Central Plaza

Offices, Exhibition, Auction

Brewery, Hippodrome, Tavern

CIRCULATION NETWORK

The different programmes are connected through an interwoven path system, which form the plaza in the centre. New tram stations bring the barren place back to life and relieve the surrounding underground stations during festival season.

New Tram Stations

THE PARK AS PART OF THE URBAN FABRIC

The landscape is integrated into the urban layout, which is stongly connected to the idea of the “Volksgarten” (people’s garden). The outdoor spaces can be used for specific building programmes (Biergarten, Restaurants, Sports,...) or simply to socialise - similar to the function of most of Munich’s parks.

Biergarten, Bandstand, Leisure Activities

3.5 Cascading Landscape

Roof, Slabs, and Ground Plane Interaction

ASSEMBLED MODEL

Biergarten, Urban Park

Dining Area (Schwemme)

Band Stand, Tea House

Exhibition Area, Beer Hall Brewery

3.6 Context and Structure

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM (SIMPLIFIED)

ASSEMBLED MODEL + CONTEXT

3.7 Full Site Section Variation I

GLOBAL FORM

The idea behind the global form is to create a canyon-like condition where the buildings seem carved out of the site. The terrain steps down towards a central plaza. The advantage of this urban strategy is the seamless integration of landscape and the possibility to create multi-level stories without having a severe impact on the existing urban fabric.

3.8 Full Site Section Variation II

Enclosure: Curtain Wall

3.9 Cascading Floor Plates

Variation III

3.10 Slab System Variation III

3.11 Parametric Tiling + Greenery Integration

Variation III

ROOF COVERING

Roof covering systems were investigated to give the shell-like structure a sense of scale and definition. Timber shingles are very popular in Bavaria. A heat-reflecting clay tiling system is used parametrically, in which tiles rotate to open wherever the envelope touches the ground to let the grass grow in between. Openings are also created to enable lighting through skylights.

Gridshell/Bifurcation Combination for Roof - Slab Connection

3.13 Fragment Testing II

Mediating between Urban and Landscape

3.14 Fragment Testing III

Integrating Timber Structure and Interior

3.15 Roof Covering

Paramentric Tiling for Landscape Connection

ROTATION REQUIRED

BENDING REQUIRED

1 POINT ATTRACTOR

3 TWISTED LOUVER

LINE ATTRACTOR

TWISTED LOUVER + LINE ATTRACTOR

3.16 Fragment Testing IV

Integrating Greenery and Roof

3.17 Structure Study I

Implementing Glulam Branching

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3.18 Structure Study II

Implementing Glulam Branching

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Spatial Tectonics

Final Drawings

4.1 Site Plan

The Urban Park

THERESIENWIESE MUNICH

4.2 Top View

The Urban Park

4.3 Bird’s-Eye View

“Welcome to the Munich Oktoberfest” - A promotional poster of the city to promote the annual Oktoberfest.

SECTION AA

4.5 Site Section Frontal View

FLUID PROGRAMME TRANSITION

The section shows the programme and programme distribution. Areas with high ceiling height are used as bier halls and exhibition spaces. Areas with lower ceiling height are used for the kitchens, serving and dining spaces. The idea is the fluid transition between the programmes. The shell roof automatically creates differential zones through its waved shape, therefore eliminating the need for physical boundaries.

SECTION AA

4.6 Fragment I

Interaction Gründerzeit Context

4.6 Fragment I

Interaction Urban Park + Beer Garden

4.7 Roof Fragment Parametric Tiling System

4.8 Roof Detail

Parametric Tiling System

4.9 Interior View I Intersitial Space

4.10 Interior View II

Mezzanine Level

4.11 Interior View III

Main Hall

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Fragment Investigation

COMBINING 3D FRAMING WITH GLULAM FRAGMENT

A more detailed section could look like this. Two different structures come together here: On the one hand the three-dimensional frame and on the other hand the split glulam elements.

3D FRAMING FRAGMENT - VARIATING THICKNESS

One feature of the EmTech pavi lion however, is the lack of thickness variation in the glulam members. Calatrava‘s station in France explores different thicknesses of concrete frames that act as columns and beams at the same time.The different hierarchy of the members create contrasting spaces within the structure.

Fig. 50 Calatrava | Gare de Saint-Exupéry 1994

3D FRAMING FRAGMENT

The Twisted Plywood Pavilion by Emtech is primarily composed of two plywood strip elements: the ‘ribs ‘, which are planar arcs that serve primarily a structural function and the ‘wings’ that are connected to the rib elements at specific angles and distances in order to obtain both bending and twisting. This fragment explores 3D framing in a similar way, however, leaving out the central ribs.

Fig. 51 EmTech | Twisted Plywood Pavillion | 2015

Catenary Testing

According to Catenary Model Guidance

Spatial Tectonics

List of Figures

Fig. 01 Herzog +Partner | Expo Roof Hannover 2000

https://www.messe.de/de/event-ausrichten/locations/pavillons/pa villons-32-35-expo-dach/ (May 10, 2022).

Fig. 02 Giant Water Lily

https://www.reddit.com/r/NatureIsFuckingLit/comments/bjzjfx/un derside_of_a_lily_pad/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 03 Ice Crystallisation

https://susandunklee.wordpress.com/2011/08/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 04 Marine Sponge

https://www.sirendivinglembongan.com/the-incredi ble-sea-sponge/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 05 Study Programmes and University Partnerships

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/72784513 (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 06 Confucius Institute Munich

https://www.sirendivinglembongan.com/the-incredi ble-sea-sponge/ (May 23, 2022).

Fig. 07 Chinese Consulate General

https://www.bayern.landtag.de/fileadmin/Bilder_Videos_Internet/ Aktuelles/20150619_Grundstein_GK_China_PRP_0091_web.jpg (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 08 BMW Made in China

https://www.bmwblog.com/2017/06/01/bmw-gets-license-ex port-chinese-made-vehicles-worldwide/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 09 Munich Airport

https://mobillegends.net/travelling-in-times-of-covid-19-munichairport (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 10 BAU China Fair Munich - Shanghai

https://www.showsbee.com/fairs/78645-BAU-Congress-Chi na-2022.html (May 12, 2022).

Fig. 11 A Munich Landmark: The Chinese Tower

https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/15/8a/cd/bd/ biergarten-am-chinesischen.jpg (May 21, 2022).

Fig. 12 Oktoberfest Origins

https://oktoberfest-guide.com/magazine/tracht-oktoberfest-clot hing/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 13 First Fairground Rides

https://www.muenchen.de/veranstaltungen/oktoberfest/oktober fest-guides/geschichte.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 14 First Festival Tent

https://www.akpool.de/ansichtskarten/26717567-kuenstler-ans ichtskarte-postkarte-gruss-vom-oktoberfest-augustinerbra eu-georg-lang (April 25, 2022).

Fig. 15 Oktoberfest - Munich’s Trademark

https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/Oktoberfest (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 16 Cattle Market

https://www.imageselect.eu/de/bilder-fotos/__9_32.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 17 Bavaria Statue

https://www.kunstkopie.de/a/mnchenbavaria.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 18 Move-in Parade

https://www.ansichtskarten-center.de/oktoberfest/oktoberf est-bierwagen-sign-schlemo-verlag-lengauer-nr-36-ca-1960ak;jsessionid=AD47D364D6646D4823017029EF626208. jvm1 (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 19 “Oide Wiesn”

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Oide_Wiesn_2013_ Eing%C3%A4nge.JPG (May 20, 2022).

Fig. 20, 22, 23 Volksgarten Observation Tower

https://coasterfriends.de/freizeitparkforum/index.php?threads/ der-volksgarten-deutschlands-gr%C3%B6%C3%9Ftervergn%C3%BCgungspark-in-m%C3%BCnchen.10041/ (May 11, 2022).

Fig. 21 Steam Tram

https://www.trambahn.de/romanplatz-volksgarten (May 12, 2022).

Fig. 24 Racing Track

https://business.facebook.com/pg/RCDruxs/posts/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 25 Chinese New Year in January/Feburary

http://www.china.org.cn/travel/2018-02/13/content_50354740_5. htm (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 26 Oktoberfest End of September

https://www.wanderlust.co.uk/content/best-places-to-visit-in-sep tember/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 27 Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Cakes) in September

https://asianfoodnetwork.com/vn/articles/5-cong-thuc-banh-trungthu-va-tra-dam-gian-cho-dip-tet-trung-thu.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 28 May Celebration on the First of May

https://www.wochenanzeiger.de/article/160554.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 29 Lantern Festival End of Feburary

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-56215627 (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 30 Winter Tollwood Munich in November

https://www.tollwood.de/en/tollwood-winterfestival/ (April 10, 2022).

Fig. 31 Olympiapark

https://www.presseportal.de/pm/128059/4812884 (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 32 Otl Aicher, Site Plan

https://andren.tumblr.com/post/113417027312/otl-aicher-posterartwork-for-the-olympic-games(May 15, 2022).

Fig. 33 BMW Welt

http://www.enecomitalia.com/gallery.html (May 18, 2022).

Fig. 34 Chris Bangle, BMW Gina Concept

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_GINA#/media/File:BMW_Gina_ Museum.jpg (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 35 BMW Concept Sketches

http://www.engintulay.com/index.php/works/chris-bangle-2010/ (May 23, 2022).

Fig. 36 Beijing CCTV Headquarters

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/0c/59/56/0c5956a7ff3113a78c3a fa217a08c748.jpg (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 37 Frankfurt Trade Fair

https://www.skylineatlas.com/messe-frankfurt/ (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 38 Kitchen

https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/09/89/9b/55/ kulm-hotel-st-moritz.jpg (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 39 Brewery

https://www.rlp-tourismus.com/en/infosystem/infosystem/Bitburg er-Erlebniswelt_Bitburg/infosystem.html (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 40 Private Dining

https://www.theinfatuation.com/london/guides/best-london-restau rants-with-big-booths (April 19, 2022).

Fig. 41 Beletage Dining Area

Anthony Williams Y5 Portfolio, p. 64.

Fig. 42 Schwemme

https://bigseventravel.com/7-unmissable-things-to-do-in-munich/ (May 18, 2022).

Fig. 43 Biergarten

https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/hirschgarten-damwildge hege-und-karussell-1.3080954 (May 18, 2022).

Fig. 44 Pond

https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/photo/peaceful-forest-teahouse-by-pond-at-chinese-garden-royalty-free-image/990855836 (May 19, 2022).

Fig. 45 Pavillion

http://thefinecoffee.com/HouseTea/chinese-tea-house (May 19, 2022).

Fig. 46 Tea Palace

https://www.presseportal.de/pm/128059/4812884 (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 47 Stage

https://www.behance.net/gallery/98838989/Shadow-Puppets (May 22, 2022).

Fig. 48 Courtyard

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teahouse_in_Peoples_ Park_-_Chengdu,_China_-_DSC05371.jpg (May 23, 2022).

Fig. 49 Main Entrance/Reception

https://www.ticketbeijing.com/variety-shows/ (May 20, 2022).

Fig. 50 Calatrava | Gare de Saint-Exupéry 1994

https://www.flickr.com/photos/arndalarm/5736462926/(May 20, 2022).

Fig. 51 EmTech | Twisted Plywood Pavillion | 2015

https://www.arch2o.com/the-twist-installation-aa-school/ (May 20, 2022).

All work produced by Unit 14

Unit book design by Charlie Harriswww.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

SPATIAL TECTONIC 2022

PG14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new: leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through the astute synthesis of both. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals.

The focus of this year’s work evolved around the concept of ‘Spatial Tectonic’. This term describes architectural space as a result of the highest degree of synthesis of all underlying principles. Constructional logic, spatial innovation, typological organisation, and environmental and structural performance are all negotiated in an iterative process driven by architectural investigation. These inherent principles of organisational intelligence can be observed in both biotic and abiotic systems, in all spatial arrangements where it is critical for the overall performance of any developed order. Ultimately such principles suggest that the arrangement of constituents provides intelligence as well as advantage to the whole.

Through a deep understanding of architectural ingredients, students generated highly developed architectural systems in which spatial organisation arose as a result of sets of mutual interactions. These interactions were understood through targeted iterations of spatial models, uncovering logical links while generating ambitious and speculative arrangements. Sequential testing and the enriching of abstract yet architectural systems were the basis of architectural form - communicating the relationship of all logical dependencies, roles and performances within the system.

Thanks to: ARUP, ALA, DKFS, knippershelbig, RSHP, HASSELL, Seth Stein Architects, ZHA, Expedition Engineering