-
THE HYPERDENSE URBAN FOREST
CHOW LAP YAN JUSTIN YEAR 5
UNIT
Y5 JC
NEO-MONGKOK
@unit14_ucl
All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.
@unit14_ucl
CHOW LAP YAN JUSTIN YEAR 5 Y5 JC
justin.chow.18@alumni.ucl.ac.uk @unit14_ucl
N E O-M O N G KO K THE HYPERDENSE URBAN FOREST Mongkok, Hong Kong
P
encil Tower ‘Autonomous District’ in Hong Kong stitching existing context through a permeable forest terraced podium layer. Through cultural injection of density and civic programmes along the elevated oblique arteries, autonomous vehicles and amenities inhabiting the ground floor services the upper pedestrianised levels. Hong Kong’s densification through land deficiency had resulted in the MTR (Mass Transit Railway) merging transit with residential high-rise towers. Inspired to reform current systems that hinders horizontal sprawl through theutopic vision of intense lush forests by futurist Syd Mead, the project aims to inject nature in the most congested epicentre. Sited in Mongkok, the vehicular congestion epicentre market strip with pedestrianised informal market streets, elevated pedestrian plains interconnects a network of civic spaces through inhabiting the plenum between the podium and tower.
geometric forms and master planning strategies to create a forest of structural columns buttressing the botanical park, allowing porous vertical circulation as visitors traverse the district.Four sub-districts with varying civic intensities fuse into the podium of nearby residential towers, as the central urban forest ‘heart’ and outer fringes manifest Clubhouse and Municipal Podia. Lower Terraces connect through axial markets to service different public/private amenities, stitching with Mongkok’s existing urban fabric.
Investigating traditional typologies with diagonal insertions that reduce wind loads reduce up to 25% through CFD Surface Pressure Simulations, iterative terrace podium massing tests concluded strategic iterations to maximise breezeways and minimise turbulent pressures in the podium typology to grow four vertical floors. Residential Pencil Towers are now constructed up to 400m in Hong Kong and New York. Progressive consultationwith ARUP’s Structural Engineer on Core optimisation of a hexagonal buttressed core with the Trident wing typology created an efficient, compact tower that reduces wind turbulence on the podium. Supertall towers’ orientation utilises
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Connected Highway Plane
Podium Typology elevated from the ground floor
54:33 - HONG KONG’S FUTURE PODIA Shot in Hong Kong, Ghost in the Shell (2017) came as a continuation of the Sci-fi Cyberpunk classics ‘Akira’ and Syd Mead’s Blade Runner, where holographics and an elevated ‘ground floor’ forms the basis of accomodation and multi-layered living.
Existing Ground Access
MULTILAYERED HIGHWAYS Creating an integrated vehicular system that merges with the higher levels of the podium, this scene captures the ambitious design in collaging with the existing road.
Secondary ‘Highway’
Arterial ‘Highway’ Urban Canopy Podium
GHOST IN THE SHELL (2017)
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HIGH SPEED RAIL, OVERGROUND
TENEMENT HOUSE ROOFWALK WALKWAYS
PRINCES HOUSE TO ALEXANDRA HOUSE WALKWAY
MANDARIN ORIENTAL HOTEL PODIUM
5/F
ELEVATED BRIDGE 4/F 3/F 2/F 1/F G/F -1/F
SEOULLO 7017 SEOUL, KOREA MVRDV ARCHITECTS
RETAIL WALKWAY SPACES -2/F
-3/F
CENTRAL STATION
B
B
MAIN
Existing Markets - self-operab ‘pedestrianise’
A A MID-LEVELS ESCALATOR A
A 10m
Dead space
EXISTING CO
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ACTIVATING MONGKOK’S ROOFTOP DWELLERS
INHABITING THE NEGATIVE SPACE
METRO TO FOOTBRIDGE LINK
BASEMENTS TO BECOME AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE HUB
STANDARD ASIAN MALL OUTSIDE OF THE HYPER-DENSE DISTRICT
MONG KOK’S EXISTING MARKET FABRIC
5/F 4/F 3/F 2/F 1/F
NEON LIGHT AS GUIDE
G/F -1/F -2/F MAHJONG TABLES: ENTERTAINMENT
-3/F
SELF-CONTAINED ‘MARKET STALLS’
B
B
ELEMENTS
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ble stands are granted licenses to Mong Kok’s streets.
Various subcultures, markets would still thrive but on an elevated plane, as this ‘zone’ becomes a pilot for ultra-dense living. Private tenement buildings would free up allotment green spaces B
B
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EXISTING MONGKOK, 2019 es underneath bridges cause debris, beggars and trash to accumulate due to it being tucked away. The new proposal will seek to revamp the footbridge, building on the negative space.
ONTEXT STUDY
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MINORITY REPORT(2002)
BLADE RUNNER 2049 (2018)
The visionary industrial designer proposed in his film props to dock the flying autonomous vechicles, creating these ‘fins’ along the core to facilitate a new transportation paradigm.
CONNECTED ‘LIVING’ TRANSPORTATION This design morphs the highway into a vertically scaled tower, which envisions a highly connected city, simiar to the vision in Ghost in the Shell.
THE FUTURE OF HONG KONG
BUCKMINSTER FULLER
JUMOB KINGDOM HONG KONG
Triton was a concept for an anchored floating city that would be located just offshore and connected with bridges and such to the mainland. It was a collection of tetrahedronal structures with apartments and amenities.
Incorporating traditional Chinese architecture and 21st century spectacle. Jumbo Seafood is 76 meters long, 22 meters wide and 28 meters high (three storeys high). It can accommodate more than 2,300 guests, so it has the “world’s largest sea restaurant”. HK$18 million to build the largest sewage treatment barge in Southeast Asia alongside the kitchen boat
HONG KONG: THE FUTURE TYPOLOGY
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432 Park Avenue Rafael Vinoly Architects Height: 440m Slendeness Ratio: 1:15 8,740-square-feet (812-square-meters)
111 West Street 57th Avenue SHoP Architects Height: 452m Slendeness Ratio: 1:20 Strengthening the connection of the core to the perimeter columns and shear walls. To stiffen 111 West 57th Street, WSP thickened the shear walls that run the full length of the east and west exterior walls to by 3 feet, and linked them to the core with deep beams.
COMPLETED: 88 FLOORS (25 one bedroom studios across 2 floors) (122 condiminiums 1-6 bedrooms ) The exterior of Viñoly's 432 Park Avenue is structural poured-in-place concrete that acts as a tube. (With white cement and careful attention to forming, the tube is also the finished architectural surface.) Even with monumental 10-foot-square windows, the tube is stiff enough to permit a 30-foot column-free zone between the exterior and the central core.
WIND LOAD WSP designs to approximately 18 milli-gs for winds that would be encountered over a 10-year period and as little as 5 milli-gs for more frequent low-velocity winds. That standard dictates a host of responses that affect building mass, structural configuration, and whether dampening devices are needed.
STIFFENING BEAM Viñoly provides unenclosed floors at intervals up 432 Park Avenue's facades. The spaces between columns let the wind pass, and also offer Marcus the opportunity to conceal stiffening columns and beams that cannot be accommodated on occupied floors. A curved enclosure protects the core and mechanical equipment.
STIFFENING BEAM The building's 15½-foot floor-to-floor heights left plenty of space above the ceilings to conceal the stiffening beams.
TAPERING
STEEL TRUSS TOWER CAP
TUNED MASS DAMPER x 2
FEATHER
TUNED MASS DAMPER
SHEAR WALL CORE
CONCRETE BELT WALL
UNENCLOSED FLOOR/WIND BREAK SHEAR WALL CORE
EXISTING STEINWAY HALL
111 WEST 57TH STREET FEATHERED TERRACES
432 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK GRIDDED EXOSKELETON
BURJ KHALIFA, UAE HEXAGONAL CORE + TRIPOD CONFIGURATION
PENCIL TOWERS: PUSHING THE LIMITS
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MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY variable dependent on HIGH/MID/LOW area per tower.
120
80
40
PREVAILING WIND SURFACE
0
NON-PREVALING WIND SURFACE +10m/s
+0m/s
MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY 240
200
160
120
OPTION 1: TRIDENT 80
Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs
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0
T 3_1 380m (98 Floors)
T 3_2 380m (98 Floors)
OPTION 2: MEDIUM DISTRIBUTION Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs
T 3_3 420m (150 Floors)
SUPERTALL PROXIMITY HIGHRISES 365
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
T 3_1 365m (98 Floors)
T 3_2 380m (98 Floors)
T 3_3 420m (150 Floors)
SURFACE WIND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
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OPTION 3: BOTTOM DISTRIBUTION All the extra mass is centered at the base, allowing the stepping to gradually decrease in mass.
OPT1: CROSS-BRACING
SIDE LIFT CORE FOR THE PODIUM
3rd Layer
2nd Layer
2 1st Layer
1 The Jeddah Tower
1
SOM Stratford Garden, London
2
BUNDLED TUBE SPINE SYSTEM
Residen tial Entrance
CORE OUTRIGGER SYSTEM
STATION DEPOT LOW-RISE TOWER BLEND INTO THE PODIUM
TRANSPORT LINK GROUND FLOOR
CLUBHOUSE, DUAL TOWER ARRANGEMENT
"Slenderness" is an engineering definition. Structural engineers generally consider skyscrapers with a minimum 1:10 or 1:12 ratio (of the width of the building's base to its height) to be "slender." Slenderness is a proportion based on the width of the base to the height of the building.
CONNECTING SKYBRIDGES STABILISING THE PENCIL TOWER
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EVOLUTION OF STEEL + CONCRETE SKYSCRAPER TYPOLOGIES
HISTORY
TYPE 1: SHEAR FRAMES Semi-rigid and Rigid
TYPE 2: INTERACTING SYSTEMS Frame with Shear Truss, frame and shear belt with outrigger trusses
TYPE 3: PARTIAL TUBULAR SYSTEMS
FER
NS
RA
T IUM
D
PO
‘SPINE’ CORE STRUCTURE
SHEAR WALL
BELT TRUSS SYSTEM ‘SPINE’ CORRIDOR SHEAR WALL HAMMER HEAD WALL
PENCIL TOWER STEEL + CONCRETE EVOLUTION
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CORE OUTRIGGER
TECTONIC COMPONENTS
neutral residential public retail
GARDEN COURTYARD An elevated residential access gives priority to residents, whilst communal terraces are on top.
PUBLIC RETAIL EXTENSIONS
ALTERNATING STEPS
These retail nodes create pockets of spaces which does not disrupt wind circulation
At the ground plane, the blue colour signifies stagnant airflow, particularly due to the high pencil towers absorbing the current.
PENCIL TOWER SKY GARDEN’ SHADING’ STUDY
PODIUM TO TOWER TERRACED ITERATION
Forest/Recreational Zone
Re ‘Clu sident bho ial use ’
t We
Art
eria
t rke
Ma
Urban Canopy Layer (+15 - +31m)
Autonomus Vehicles
lH
igh
wa y
Podium Layer (+0 - +15m)
Civic Spaces Dry Food Market Wet Market
PODIUM LEVEL +4 LEVELS : SHADING AT 10:00AM
Res i
den
tial
Lev el
TRANSPORT LINK DEVELOPMENT ITERATION 1
RESIDENTIAL LEVEL +10 STOREYS : SHADING AT 13:00PM
Fig 3.821: Irradiance Map in Typical Hong Kong
TRANSPORT LINK DEVELOPMENT ITERATION 2
Max
Min
PENCIL TO TOWER ITERATIONS 41
SIDE CORE ACCESS TO -3/F
INNER FOREST
OUTER LOOP
OUTER LOOP
RETAIL SHOPS
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+2 SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS
+G/F SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS
POOL SANCTUARY
OUTER LOOP
-1/F LOCAL MARKETS
-2/F, MTR/COMMERCIAL RETAIL
TRANSPORT LINK FROM +0
THE MARKET TERRACE: TOWER TO PODIUM FRAGMENT
1A N
0m
4m 2m
8m
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ony
Balc m
7.5
0
50
100
Erosion for the ‘Sky Gardens’, Varies in different floors, propped up by cantilevered outriggers.
7.5m
PREVIOUS LOW RISE ITERATION
CURRENT HIGH RISE OPTION (+20 Floor)
ALTERNATIVE 4-LIFT CAB SYSTEM Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs
Current column arrangement allows maximum span utilising current reinforced concrete outrigger slabs
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1 3
4
2
PENCIL TOWER PODIUM FLOOR (+2 Floor) 0m
N
4m 2m
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1
PODIUM SIDE CORE ENTRANCE
2
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DROPOFF
3
OUTDOOR GREEN LOOP
4
MAIN RETAIL AVENUE
5
UPPER RESIDENTIAL TERRACES
8m
r
eve
ntil
Ca
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BACK ALLEY NETWORK INACCESSIBLE
Pen Ent cil To ran we r ce MA AR IN ‘M TER AR Y KET
3
’
PODIUM KEY ISSUES: 1. Massive solidity and impenetrability of the block
G/
FR
OU
TE
2. Incongruous juxtaposition with existing fabric EXISTING PODIA OF PENCIL TOWERS
3. Swallowing large tracts of fabric or land and disrupting existing urban form or traditional patterns of settlement
3
new layer connecting the new ‘ground floor’
4. Design podium elevations in direct response to internal program
ADDING THE ‘COURTYARD’ LAYER
N
DISMANTLING THE EXISTING + ADDING LAYER
D PROPOSE
SITE
KOK
I, MONG
TE YAU MA AUST IN
Mall Access Zone
ICC Tower
Residential Podium +18m
West Kowloon Terminus
N
40m
MONGKOK: SURROUNDING CONTEXT
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50
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TALLEST OFFICE TOWER (+150m)
TOWARDS CBD DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL DISTRICT
THE SITE
GO
SITE BOUNDARY
ELEVATED PEDESTRIAN NET
NATHAN ROAD
N
MON 52
TALLEST TOWER DATUM: +110m (32 floors)
SCHOOL
LADIES MARKET
OLDFISH STREET
TWORK
SAI YEUNG CHOI STREET
0m
ARTERY ROAD: LADIES MARKET
10m 5m
20m
NGKOK: THE SITE 53
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URBAN GRAIN Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers.
OPTION 1: CRESCENT Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers. Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space. A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated.
0
0
c·,_----+ C!----+--
t)
') Cr----+--/
OPTION 2: AXIAL PODIUM Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers. Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space. A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated.
URBAN GRAIN
0
J 0 J
0
-+
OPTION 3: VORONOI PEDESTRIAN Ideal distribution of towers spread around the North and Eastern perimeter. Pedestrian routes are oriented on the grid, allowing higher accessibility and field of vision at the elevated ground floor.
Neo Forest
Sheltered Spaces
Civic spaces
Long Transit Bridge
LOW PROXIMITY HIGH RISES
MID PROXIMITY HIGH RISES
SUPERTALL PROXIMITY HIGH RISES
MAIN DISTRICT FURTHER ITERATIONS
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ZONE 4: OUTLYING MEDIA FACADE + MECH DEPOT
. .. ...o
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.•:······
.
.. ... .. ..
G) LONG TRANSIT 'BULLET TRAIN' STATION
:
... . ... �..
..,�·.,........if ...... ........ ........ ........ .. . .. ................... . .................. ' ... ' .... 0 PROGRAMME PENCIL TOWERS
-<-
............................................................................. .... ... ........ . ........ ...... ..................... ·:··O
SHORT TRANSIT STATION
...................... ........ ... ........ .......... ........ ............... ..................... ... ·O
1'····!·········..····........................... ,............................,,..,,... , .. ,@,·············· .. , URBAN OASIS TERRACES
...... ,........................................................ ........ .... ......... ..... ................
0 ·
NEO FOREST INTERFACE
............................................................................................
@ AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ZONE
TECTONIC HIERARCHY Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space.
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DEPOT +
--'-'--"'1.l,!JI"'
•,.._:-:. .... ............ '' ......................... LONGjSAORT ... : 1
THE 'HEART' - PEDESTRIAN CANYONS + NEO FOREST MARKETS
TRANSIT STATION
PROGRAMMATIC ZONING
PODIUM BRIDGE URBAN OASIS
"' ...,
___ k:::( SEMI OUTDOOR MARKET
0
@ URBAN OASIS TERRACE °
Sheltered via the 60 inclination of the Trident towers, this terraced interface
Pedestrian Network
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Pedestrian Network
Civic spaces
MAIN DISTRICT'
0
I
PIDESl RIAN CANYONS
AV
THE MARKETS
A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated. district and city events, weekend fairs, farmer markets, cultural events, festive celebrations, flea markets and night markets· Long Transit Bridge
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61
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CIRCULATION ALLOCATION
3
02_THE URBAN FOREST
01_THE RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER
05_EXISTING STITCH
23
m
13m
04_THE CIVIC CLUSTER 340m 03_COMMERCIAL CLUSTER
THE PROGRAM URBAN MASTERPLAN CLUBHOUSE SUPERTALL LOWER TERRACE MARKETS
EXISTING RESIDENTIAL TOWERS EXISTING MARKET URBAN FOREST RESIDENTIAL
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65
HIGHWAY
0
STATION ZONE
UPPER QUA FOCUS
1. The Market C 2. The Urban ‘Oa 3. Old to New 4. Interconnecting Ped
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FOCUS AREA
HIGHWAY
EXISTING BUILDINGS
RESIDENTIAL
4
1B RESIDENTIAL 3
1
1A
2
ADRANTS AREA
Canyon ‘Loop’ asis’ Clubhouse w Interface destrian Walkways
67
1A STATION ZONE
68
THE MARKET TERRACE
1B
TH
HE MARKET TERRACE
1C
THE CLUBHOUSE
69
OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL MARINA
70
LINK TO OTHER CLUBHOUSE TERRACES
UPPER RESIDENTIAL TERRACE
WATERFALL
1/F
1/F
G/F
SE HOU POINT CLUB -OFF DROP
R
CTO
NNE
L CO
RA ENT
-1/F PODIUM UNDERBELLY
C
THE FOREST OASIS: PUBLIC CLUBHOUSE FRAGMENT
1C N
0m
4m 2m
8m
71
72
73
2A
THE HIGHWAY TERRACE
+5 SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS
HIGHWAY FOREST BARRIER
RETAIL SHOP
S
TRANSPORT LINK FROM +0
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DROP OFF POINT
2B
2A
2C 2A
2C A
A
2A 2C
CONNECTOR
74
2B
FOREST CONNECTOR
TRANSPORT CONNECTOR
2C
MARKET CONNECTOR
TYPOLOGIES
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76
77
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-� ,,,
Ow,
20..
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GENERAL ARRANGEMEN MASTERPLAN 1:500@Al
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"''""'""'""" ... � ...... """�""""'""' ............. 81
'MID LEVELS', STITCHING IN
82
NTO EXISTING MONGKOK
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LOWER MARKETS,
84
, THE 24-HOUR DISTRICT
85
CE RRA
T TE
KE MAR
+2F RK L PA ICA E N A U BOT AVEN
+2F
GF -1/F -2/F
ER LOW
CE RRA
TS
RKE
MA
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LOWER MARKETS: WA
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CES RA
ER RT
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UPP
CES RA
ER RT
E LOW
P RO
D AV
F
OF
ACE
ERR
TT RKE
MA
ALKWAY STITCHING
87
TUARY
NC BOTANICAL SA
LL WATERFA
DERBELLY
SYSTEM UN
AV INTER
FRAGMENT: ACCESSING
88
URE PICK UP
PODIUM LIFT
AV DEPART
SUN-SHADING
CORE
TERRACES
ENT:
FRAGM
-DISTRICT
DROP OFF
THE PODIUM LAYERS
89
THE GOLD
90
DEN HOUR
91
THE URBAN F
TRANSPORT 92
FOREST PHASING
T CONNECTION 93
THE CENTRAL M 94
MARKET TERRACES 95
THE CENTRAL M 96
MARKET TERRACES 97
FURTHER DIS 98
STRICT GROWTH 99
URBAN S 100
STITCHING 101
OUTER 102
R TOWERS 103
TOPPING OUT T
104
THE SUPERTALL
105
THE UR
106
RBAN FOREST
107
108
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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
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UNIT @unit14_ucl
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S Y S T E M I C I M PACT
2020
T
he focus of this year’s work is the awareness that architecture can affect at deepest systemic leveland the understanding that architectural proposition is in itself a system of interrelated constituentswhere the findings of interdisciplinary systems theory apply. This knowledge opens a way to a method-driven approach that can materialize in architecture of great performance and considered expression while driving architectural authorship and novelty. We will aspire to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of the system’s constituents aiming for impactful architecture delivered by the negotiation of the interacting entities that define the unified spatial whole. Societal, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments will propel our investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink. This will shape our strategies and heuristics, driving synthesis. The observation as well as re-examination of civilizatory developments will enable us to project near-future scenarios and position ourselves as avant-garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the forthcoming. We will find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate while they advance cultural as well as technological means, driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research we will aim for systemic impact and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation. Our methodology employs both bottom up and top down strategies in order to build up sophisticated architectural systems and will be tailored to the individual problem. Pivotal to this process and to fight charlatanism is the concept of practical experimentation – and intense exploration through both digital and physical models that aims to assess system performance and its direct application to architectural space. The emphasis on applied research fuels the process of design and allows us to develop highly considered architectural propositions with great momentum. Thanks to: Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Orms Designers and Architects, Cundall Engineers, Knippers Helbig, DaeWha Kang Design, AL_A, Innochain, Langstaff Day Architects
All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.
UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl