Part I -Analysis and interpretation of the area of intervention by UPDStudio

Neighborhood plans for the 15-min city Part I Analysis and interpretation of the area of intervention

Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador

Neighborhood plans for the 15-min city Part I Analysis and interpretation of the area of intervention

Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador

Introduction Policy Design and Urban Design The Urban Policies Design Studio is conceived as an opportunity for students to address complex planning problems dealing simultaneously with policy design and urban design aspects of territorial transformations. The students are encouraged to face real problems and difficulties connected to the policy demands emerging from critical urban and metropolitan spaces, focusing on issues like policy effectiveness, implementation, project management, and their linkages with the urban design choices. Students are asked to work in teams on a common design topic. The Studio is composed of integrated two modules: Urban Policies and Urban Design. The activity is focused upon one urban sector, presenting a wide range of different potential and or problematic situations, relevant for the public agenda, that need to be treated at different scales and paying attention to the strategic dimension, and at the local scale, dealing with the spatial dimension.

15-minute city - Northeast Milano The studio focused on the so-called 15-minute city. Across the world, amidst the looming climate crisis and the issues posed by the COVID 19 crisis, cities have started to challenge entrenched understandings of how everyday life should be organized. Thanks to pursuing the goal of cutting on private mobility and supporting walkability, the neighborhood scale has made an unexpected comeback as a privileged site of intervention among urban planners and designers. The goal of creating urban environments in which people can reach retail, service, and recreational activities within the space of a 15 minutes walk from home has then become a driver of new planning and design exercises. Similarly, the profound changes in the organization of work - abruptly accelerated by the Covid 19 crisis - have become part of this conversation, suggesting that we can now envision a future in which daily - at times, long-distance - commuting will no more be necessarily the rule in cities. The area chosen for the semester is the north-eastern sectors of the Milanese periphery and some of the first belt municipalities, an area characterized by a variety of urban elements. Such as neglected activities and functions, public housing, big infrastructures, agricultural and/or open spaces, but where we can also encounter phenomena like social and economic fragilities, low accessibility to services, low quality of the building stock. The output of the studio is a “neighborhood action plan” for each chosen area, with strategies and actions for a potential 15-minute city coping with the identified variety of problems, fragilities, and potentials.

Index Part I - Analysis and interpretation of the area of intervention Chapters: Group A - Urban Welfare Group B - Commerce Group C - Walkability Group D - Socio-demographic Group E - Production Group F - Local Identities

Part II - Neighborhood action plans Booklets: Group 1 - Cologno Sud: from 8h to 24h city Group 2 - A shared future of quartiere Adriano Group 3 - Make a stop at Sesto Nord! Group 4 - San Maurizio: an "in-between"community Group 5 - Segrate Centro: A north-south axis for a 15 minutes city Group 6 - Cascina Gatti: neighborhood plan - a 15 minutes city Group 7 - Precotto: The different scales of a minutes city Group 8 - Strategic spaces for Vimodrone’s 15-min city Group 9 - Re-orienting at eye level: Rubattino - Ortica Group 10 - 6 Lines of action for the 15 minutes city - Sesto Marelli Group 11 - Milano Due: the regeneration of a wealthy neighborhood Group 12 - Crescenzago for all

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Group A (group 7 + group 11)

SCUOLA DI ARCHITETTURA URANISTICA INGEGNERIA DELLE COSTRUZIONI

URBAN WELFARE

ALESSANDRO COLELLA FABIO GIUSSANI JIALE LI WENXIA LI IRENE MARCHESI AURORA SERENI MAHYA KHODAEI SHARABYANI TAO SUN XUEWEI ZHOU

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CONTENT INTRODUCTION

PART 1: GENERAL FRAMEWORK

Overview Demography Mobility network Green and blue infrastructures Ongoing projects

7 9 13 15 17

PART 2: URBAN WELFARE

PART 3: THE 15 MINUTES CITY

Education Culture Sport Health

Children and young people Elderly

21 25 29 33

39 57

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION The term welfare usually refers to the physical and mental health of a person, including also the degree of happiness and the possibility of self-realization. It goes without saying that welfare is a very personal and relative concept, which varies across cultures, ages and contests. A second meaning is related to the commitment of institutions (municipality for instance) to guarantee and to improve health and wellbeing of citizens. This second face of welfare is even more debated and complex. Thus, while trying to find a definition of welfare, on one side we questioned ourselves what kind of goods and services we need to have to live healthy and happily in an urban contest; on the other side we asked ourselves which role urban planners have in guaranteeing that we live healthy and happily. The concept of welfare is further shaped by the notion of capability, analyzed in Basta’s work “From justice in planning toward planning for justice, a capability approach”, which guided us into the understanding of two important philosophers’ thoughts: John Rawls and Amartya Sen. The concept of capability encompasses the themes of equality, possibility and justice tying those with the many spheres of material and non-material urbanity. The reflection about those concepts helped us to integrate the presence of services and their accessibility within a measurement of the quality of life of the analyzed neighbourhoods. If defining urban welfare is not easy at all, finding a way to measure and investigate welfare in the project area is even more challenging. We divided our work in three steps, according to which we are going to present the outcomes of our analysis. In the first part, in order to have a better understanding of the area, we looked at the main features and characteristics of the territory, creating an introductive general framework. Then, we focused on the main object of our analysis: services. We identified and selected the most relevant services and we grouped them in four groups: Education, Culture, Health and Sport. For each of these categories a detailed analysis will be provided in the second part. Lastly, in the third part we analyzed the concept of the “15 minutes city” applying it to three different contexts within the municipalities of Milan, Segrate and Sesto San Giovanni and at the same time producing an analysis based on two main categories of users: the young and the elderly.

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GENERAL FRAMEWORK This section aims to provide a general framework of the area of the studio. Firstly, we mapped the administrative boundaries of the territory, looking where it is and how big it is. Second, we felt the need of having a general knowledge about the population living in the area, as understanding the diversity of needs and capabilities is the first step into a welfare analysis. Thirdly, we investigated into the mobility network. We mapped the main transport lines, such as, subway, bus line and railway network. We choose to portray the public transport systems as it can be considered the key figure to understand the accessibility of an area. In fact as emerged in the map, quite different degrees of connectivity are identified in the project area. Moreover we decided to also analyse the green areas for understanding the morphology of the territory and the features of the urban landscape. A strong polarisation in green infrastructure stands out in the map. Lastly, we looked to ongoing projects, in particular vacant spaces that the municipalities plan to redevelop. We focused on the sites devoted to services and tertiary functions, since their development will have an impact on the general welfare of the area.

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Overview Province of Como

Province of Varese

Province

Metropolitan city of Milan

Province of Lecco

e of Monza and Brianza Province of Bergamo

Province of Cremona

Province of Lodi

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Demography In our opinion, it is extremely important to know who inhabits and lives daily the project area. We started having a general idea about the population through some basic statistical data. First, it can be noted that moving away from the center, the inhabitants’ density gradually decreases: indeed the density in the municipalities of Vimodrone, Segrate, Cologno Monzese and Sesto San Giovanni is very low compared to Milanese average. Segrate covers a great part of the territory, 17 km2, and it hosts only 2’132 inhabitants per km2. In the outskirts of the city it is also possible to notice that households’ size is quite higher compared to the Milan average and the percentage of people over 65 years old living alone is quite low. The areas close to Segrate and Vimodrone boundaries (NIL 18, 23) register a low inhabitant’s density, while the more central areas (Nil 19, 20, 21, 22) are the densest. In the area of Cimiano and Rottole (NIL 18) the percentage of elderly living alone is quite impressive and it is also the area where households are less numerous. In comparison, in Adriano households are composed by two and half people on average, a relatively high value, and the percentage of people living alone is quite low. In the densest areas of Loreto and Buenos Aires, families are composed by two people on average and the percentage of elderly living alone is quite high. NIL 19 and 20 are among the areas with the most foreigners in the city, with about 35% of non-Italian inhabitants. The percentage of foreign residents is quite low in the areas close to the city center, Porta Venezia, Porta Monforte, Buenos Aires, and in Lambrate e Città Study as well. Going north (NIL 16, NIL 17, Cologno Monzese, Sesto San Giovanni) the ratio of foreigners grows, while in Vimodrone e Segrate it shrinks.

DENSITY inhabitants/km2 SEGRATE

2’132

VIMODRONE

3’545

NIL 23

Lambrate - Ortica

NIL 18

Cimiano - Rottole - Q.re Feltre

3’715

COLOGNO MONZESE SESTO SAN GIOVANNI NIL 17

Adriano

MILANO NIL 16

Gorla - Precotto

NIL 22

Città studi

NIL 19

Padova - Turro - Crescenzago

NIL 21

Buenos Aires - Porta Venezia - Porta M

NIL 20

Loreto - Casoretto - NoLo

SESTO SAN GOVANNI 11,7 km

COLOGNO MONZESE

8,4 km2

3’941

2,4 km

3 km

VIMODRONE

5’681

7’020

Monforte

4,8 km2

2,1 km2

5 km2

1,7 km

7’295

2,9 km2

7’684

SEGRATE 22

2,2 km2

17 km2

3,1 km2

9’843 16’542

395’463 inhabitants surface of 64,3 km2 density 6’150 inhabitants/km2

17’872 21’530 26’739

MUNICIPIO 2 MUNICIPIO 3

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Demography HOUSEHOLD DIMENSIONS

Average of members in a household: number of inhabitants/number of households （Data 2018）

Percentage of people aged 65 or more LIVING ALONE

（Data 2011）

NON ITALIAN CITIZENS 1° Romania

10% 2° Philippines

2,34

COLOGNO MONZESE

3° Albania

24,9%

VIMODRONE 1° Philippines

11% 2° Romania

2,29

SEGRATE

3° Ecuador

22,6%

SEGRATE 12%

2,07

2,22

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

VIMODRONE

NIL 21

29,5%

26,1%

1° Philippines 2° China 3° Sri Lanka

Buenos Aires - Porta Venezia - Porta Monforte 1° Philippines 15% 2° Peru 3° Sri Lanka

NIL 22

Città studi

1,85

MILANO

36,5%

16%

1° Philippines 2° Peru 3° Egypt

NIL 18

Cimiano - Rottole - Q.re Feltr

2,13

MUNICIPIO 2

35,4 %

17%

1° Peru 2° Ecuador 3° China

COLOGNO MONZESE 1° Philippines

18% 2° Egypt

1,94

MUNICIPIO 3

37 %

3° Romania

NIL 23

Lambrate - Ortica

NUMBER OF RESIDENTS

18%

1° Philippines 2° Egypt 3° China

MILANO 18%

1° Egypt 2° Romania 3° Philippines

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI 23%

1° Philippines 2° Egypt 3° Peru

NIL 16

Gorla - Precotto

25%

1° Egypt 2° Philippines 3° China

NIL 17

Adriano

35%

1° Philippines 2° Egypt 3° China

NIL 19

Padova - Turro - Crescenzago

35%

1° Egypt 2° Philippines 3° Bangladesh

NIL 20

Loreto - Casoretto - NoLo

NIL 23

11’515

Lambrate - Ortica

VIMODRONE

17’016

NIL 17

17’508

Adriano

NIL 18

19’703

Cimiano - Rottole - Q.re Feltre

NIL 16

29’529

Gorla - Precotto

SEGRATE

36’245

NIL 22

36’393

Città studi

NIL 19

37’531

Padova - Turro - Crescenzago

NIL 20

Loreto - Casoretto - NoLo

45’456

COLOGNO MONZESE

47’720

NIL 21

62’438

Buenos Aires - Porta Venezia Porta Monforte

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

82’129

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Mobility network Sesto San Giovanni By creating a buffer zone of ca 7 minute walking (550m) from the bus stops we are able to affirm that the territories of Milan or Sesto San Giovanni, even if in the suburban area of the city, are characterized by a very high degree of accessibility, thanks to a large amount of railway and bus stops. A similar description can be provided for Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone: besides the railway stops shortage in the area, they are both served by metro line connecting the centre of the towns with the centre of Milan. A completely different scenario will emerge for the territory of Segrate. Metro 4, connecting Linate airport with Milan, is currently under construction. The project will bring multiple benefits to the citizens, however the station will be located quite far from the centre and residential neighbourhood of Segrate. Thus, the territory will still lack an efficient connection with Milan, provided just by a few bus lines.

Milano Greco-Pirelli

We noticed a scarcity in bike mobility but some new bike lanes are currently under construction in order to promote a sustainable mobility.

Milano Centrale

LEGEND PUBLIC TRANSPORT Bus line Subway line Subway stop Railway stop PRIVATE TRANSPORT Existing bikelane N

Scale 1:40.000

Milano Lambrate

LOW DEGREE OF ACCESSIBILITY characterizes Segrate residential neighbourhood

How does SEGRATE REACT? It is called ‘Ciclopolitana’ for promoting sustainable mobility.

Segrate

6 Bike lanes “Each district will be connected to a line and it will be easier and more intuitive to move around the city on two wheels”

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Green and blue infrastructure Municipalities like Milan, Cologno Monzese or Vimodrone are characterized by similar percentages of green spaces. iAn important green lung in the municipality of Milan is Lambro Park: a big open space that characterizes the eastern peripheral area of the city, enriched by leisure facilities, numerous activities and natural elements like the river Lambro. The park borders with the area of Segrate, separated only by the presence of the highway that divides the territory in two parts. Segrate is known as a wealthy and rich town, famous for its residential area featuring green spaces and small artificial lakes. In contrast with this scenario, the town of Sesto San Giovanni hosts very few green spaces due to a large presence of industrial sites on the territory, both active and abandoned. Regional Corridor with high anthropization

LEGEND SOVRALOCAL SCALE Elementi di primo livello della RER Elementi di secondo livello della RER Parchi locali di interesse sovracomunale (PLIS) Parchi Regionali Nazionali Regional Corridor with high anthropization LOCAL SCALE Wood Green area Agricultural crop Uncultivated field

BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE River Artificial lake Scale 1:40.000

Parco Agric

colo Sud

Parco della Media Valle del Lambro

Parco Est delle Cave Lambro River

Naviglio Martesana

Parco delle Cascine Pioltello

Parco Lambro

Idroscalo

SEGRATE

a green neighbourhood

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI a city characterized by very few green areas and huge percentage of industrial and dismissed industrial district NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Ongoing projects

ATi1b ATi1a ATs2

The project area hosts several sites involving different ongoing renovation and development projects. Among these there are “Ambiti di trasformazione” (transformation sites); unused spaces waiting for redevelopment within a municipal and metropolitan strategy. In the context of this specific study, sites that will be devoted to service and tertiary functions were identified and selected. Theses project areas cover a total of 434.900 sqm of the study area, and once realized they will contribute to the existing urban welfare tissue, providing services at different levels, ranging from the neighbourhood scale to the metropolitan one.

LEGEND Ambiti di trasformazione MODALITA’ ATTUATIVE

Piani Attuativi Programmazione negoziata

Scale 1:40.000

ATi3 ATi2 ATsp5

AT1a

AT3

AT2

AT1d

AT5

AT4

AT13 AT12

TR Redecesio Lago

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URBAN WELFARE Since the services category is so broad and articulated, we firstly questioned ourselves which kind of services we wanted to analyze. Having also in mind the municipal Plan of Services, we selected four main families of services: Education, Culture, Health, Sport. The services included in these four groups are the ones that in our opinion mostly shape the tissue of welfare within the different neighbourhoods and the ones that should be considered in a 15 minutes city. It goes without saying, that services extend well beyond the ones selected, we chose the ones most frequently needed and present within the daily life and routines of the local inhabitants. For each group we were interested in counting how many services there are and mapping their location. For each one we went in more depth, looking at some specific aspects that might have an impact on their spatial, economical and physical accessibility. Regarding education, we were interested in understanding if schools in the area are considered local services attended by neighborhood inhabitants or outsiders. We distinguished private and public schools, we looked at their distribution and we researched data about foreign students’ percentage, in order to relate also the students’ composition to local inhabitants. We cannot evaluate exactly the catchment areas of the schools, because of a shortage of reliable and updated data, but we can notice some features, aslo keeping in mind some general trends in the city. For culture we looked to main cultural facilities with awareness that our approach is based on an Italian cultural and sociological perspective. We wanted to understand if the services are accessible from people with disabilities and where they are concentrated. Regarding sport facilities, we concentrated our attention on investigating the target users of these facilities, as well as the physical and economic accessibility. For health we selected some main facilities, such as hospital, pharmacies and public health services (ats) with a particular attention to their proximity to residential areas. For culture services, sport facilities and health centers we used heatmaps to highlight their density.

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Education The percentage of private schools is quite high also in the area of Lambrate and Ortica (NIL 23); this is related to the presence of Sacro Cuore Institute, an important Catholic school complex. Despite the fact that Lambrate and the area of Ciminiano/ Rottole/ Q. Feltre (NIL 18) are the areas with less young population (the number of under 19 is very low as also the density of young people), here the quantity of schools is quite high. It is possible to infer that those schools’ catchment area is not neighborhood based, but instead they attract students from other areas. While in Adriano (NIL 17) there are no middle schools or high schools, forcing young residents to commute to other areas.

Looking at the map, it is noticeable that the school density in some neighborhoods is very high. The school density pattern finds correspondence with the population density pattern. Indeed, the school density seems to be greatest in the area of Loreto (NIL 20): in only 1,7 km2 there are 37 schools (considering also nurseries), more than 20 schools per km2. Loreto is also the densest area, with more than 26 thousands inhabitants per km2. A similar trend can be found along Viale Monza (NIL 16) and Via Padova (NIL 19), but also in Città studi (NIL 22) and Porta Venezia, Corso Buenos Aires (NIL 21): population density corresponds with school density. In the area of Loreto (NIL 20), CrescenzagoTurro (NIL 16), Porta Venezia-Buenos Aires (NIL 21): schools are mostly public, while in the area along Via Padova (NIL 19) the ratio between private and public schools is around 50%.

Sesto San Giovanni is surely the area with more schools, but they are scattered in a very large territory, with a population density quite low. In Segrate and in Vimodrone there are no high schools, while in Cologno there are three public high schools of quite big dimensions. In the municipalities of Segrate and Vimodrone, the school density is very low and the institutes are quite widely distributed, but they are mostly public schools.

It is possible to notice that in Città Studi (NIL 22) half of kindergartens and primary schools are private and there is only one public middle school. Nevertheless, we find 3 public high schools in the area. The neighborhood stands out clearly for the presence of several important university faculties.

Some useful information Education institutes can be public (managed and funded by the state, directly or through local public bodies) or private. Private schools are very differentiated: some are easily accessible, some others are selective and expensive; some are managed by religious institutions, some others are international

COMPULSORY SCHOOLS (6-16)

Nursery

Kindergarten

Elementary school

Middle school

High School

University

0-3

3-6

6-11

11-13

14 - 18

18<

PRIMARY LEVEL

schools. We considered as private both paritarie (recognized in the public school system) and non-paritarie (non recognized, very autonomous). Nurseries are usually private, so in the analysis the distinction between private and public seemed quite superfluous.

SECONDARY LEVEL

White Flight in Milan A recent study* made by Costanzo Ranci, Marta Cordini and Andrea Parma on Milanese schools registered that 56% of students do not go to local public schools, commuting daily to other neighborhoods. This is related to two different phenomena: • an increasing number of families choose private schools, which mainly are in the city center. • about 35% of families (both Italian and non-Italian ones) opt for public education, but instead of local institutes, they choose schools on the base of cultural and nationality similarities, even if distant. This phenomenon is labelled as white flight. * Carolina Pacchi, Costanzo Ranci (edited by) White Flight A Milano. La segregazione sociale ed etnica nelle scuole dell’obbligo, Franco Angeli Edizioni – collana DAStU, 2017

A few words should be spent regarding the foreign students’ trend. It is not surprising that in the areas with highest percentages of non- Italian residents, schools register the highest ratio of non Italian – residents: in Loreto and Via Padova Turro - Crescenzago around 38% of students are non-Italian citizens. The ratio in kindergartens and in elementary schools reaches the peak of 41%. Also in Città Studi (NIL 22) and Porta Monforte -

Scuola Media Ciresola / Aurora

Porta Venezia (NIL 21) the percentage of foreign students (10-12%) corresponds to the ratio of foreign inhabitants (12%-15%). What is worth noticing is that in Lambrate – Ortica (NIL 23) despite the fact that 18% of inhabitants are non-italian citizens, only 9% of students are foreigners. This could be related to the fact that many schools in the area are private ones, having a catchment area not at neighborhood level and attracting students from other areas. The opposite trend can be noticed in Viale Monza - Crescenzago (NIL 16), in Adriano (NIL 17) and in Rottole - Cimiano (NIL 18): in these areas the percentage of non italian residents range between 16% and 24%, while the ratio of non italian students aged 0-14 are much higher: 30-34%. One can assume that italian residents do not attend local schools, prefering to move to other areas.

Politecnico di Milano/ Aurora

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Education

LEGEND CATEGORY PRIVATE PUBLIC

Scale 1:40.000 23

Nursery Kindergarten Elementary school Middle school High school University

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Culture An inclusive, productive and liveable city should have an efficient system for providing services to its residents and the population. It is evident that there is a relationship with the population of municipalities and NILs, the ones with higher number of services have higher number of residents (Sesto San Giovanni, NIL 21, NIL 22). However, being densely populated does not directly imply a high number of services which can be noticed in Cologno Monzese, Segrate, NIL 20 and NIL 19 :) However, when analysing the cultural services, it should be taken into consideration not only their quantity but their accessibility level as well. For instance, services in Sesto San Giovanni are concentrated in the west side of the town, while the East part has been left with almost no facilities, forcing inhabitants of the area to commute. By contrast, the NIL 21 has a high number of cultural facilities that are accessible in a short time.

Without considering churches, which are widely present in the territory analysed, we can see that cinema is the prevalent cultural facility. They are not equally distributed in the territory, being highly concentrated in NIL 21. Theatres seem to be more equally distributed, but their density increases near the city center as well. Except for Adriano, at least one library is present in each NIL and in each municipality and the majority of libraries are accessible by people with disabilities. only three libraries are not accessible by people with disabilities and those are in NIL 19 and NIL 21. The area in which the density of libraries reaches its peak is Città Study, due to the presence of numerous university faculties.

Basilica di Santo Stefano, Sesto San Giovanni/ Aurora

Bookshops, Milan-Municipio 2/ Aurora

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Culture

LEGEND Churches Memorial Bookshops Art centres Theatres

Density

Cinema Museum Libraries N

2Scale 7

1:40.000

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Sport A wide array of studies show that the presence of locations and facilities dedicated to sport and physical activities are directly related with the improvement of the wellbeing and health of local inhabitants. Furthermore, these spaces often assume the connotation of social and gathering places, especially for young people. Several typologies of sports facilities were identified in the project area.

While most of the facilities require the payment of a fee in order to be accessed, different facilities emerged to be freely accessible. This includes sports equipment located in public green areas, open access sports fields and a number of sports facilities offered by parishes and religious centers. Studies show that free sports facilities play an important role in particular for groups of youngers and minorities.

Sport facilities

School sport facilities - 70 Gyms and sports fields within the domain of private and public schools, accessible by students but often also used in the afternoons and evenings for sports classes.

Parishes - 38 Parishes usually offer sports facilities available for free; thse institutions often represent a social and cultural hub within the neighbourhoods.

Private sports facilities - 29 Facilities requiring the payment of a fee or the membership to a particular sports club in order to be accessed and used. This category includes gyms, yoga centres, etc..

Sport centers - 41 Usually complexes of fields of different disciplines. They can be used for free or upon payment of an entry fee. Also used by sports clubs for training and matches.

Swimming pools - 8 Either municipal or private, both require a fee to enter.

Specific sports facilities - 6 Spaces targeted for specific disciplines (e.g. horse riding, archery, etc..)

Parco Trotter, Milan / Irene

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Sport

LEGEND SPORT Schools Sport facilities Private Sport facilities Swimming pools Parishes Sport facilities Sport centers Speciﬁc sport facilities N

Scale 1:40.000 31

Density

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Health Health facilities are an important part of urban welfare, especially for the highly aging European society. There are many types of health service facilities, such as public hospitals, private hospitals, pharmacies, dentists, clinics, specialist hospitals, and so on. But compared to 15-minute cities, we believe that ATS centers (Agenzia di Tutela della Salute, a local section of the National health service), health centers, hospitals and pharmacies are more worthy of attention. In terms of quantity distribution, according to the official website of the Lombardy Region, there are 139 pharmacies, 10 hospitals, 5 ATS centres, and 5 health centres in the area we studied. In terms of spatial distribution overall, these facilities are mainly concentrated in areas with high residential density, especially municipio 2 and municipio 3. more than half of all health facilities are placed in these two areas while about 25% of the health facilities are concentrated in Sesto San Giovanni, followed by Cologno Monzese, with only a few scattered in Segrate. Among them, the distribution of pharmacies is relatively uniform and basically covers all areas with high residential density. Hospitals are mainly distributed on the west side of the study area, namely municipio 2 and municipio 3 and Sesto San Giovanni. In Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate there are no hospitals, but these areas are served by San Raffaele, an important and big hospital on the boundaries between Milan and those three municipalities. ATS centres are only 5 and they are also concentrated on the west side of the study area; finally, there are only 5 health centres, and they are only distributed in municipio 2 and municipio 3 and Sesto San Giovanni.

It can be seen that, in addition to commercialized pharmacies that are covered by pharmacies in places with high population density, government-provided medical service facilities such as hospitals, ATS centres and health centres are lacking on the east side of the study area. It can be seen from the figure that in municipio 2, municipio 3 and Sesto San Giovanni, all residential areas can basically reach health facilities within 15 minutes, but Segrate has 15 minutes walking distance or even 30 minutes walking distance around most residential areas, and health facilities cannot be found. It can be seen that in the four areas of municipio 2, municipio 3, Sesto San Giovanni and Cologno Monzese, the number and distribution of health facilities have basically reached the standard of a 15-minute city, while Segrate needs to be further strengthened to meet the requirements of a 15-minute city and improve the quality of living.

Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan/ Irene Community Center Adriano, Milan/ Irene

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Health

LEGEND Phamacy

Density

Hospital ATS centres Health centres N

3Scale 5

1:40.000

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

15 Minutes City VULNERABLE POPULATION GROUPS - YOUNG PEOPLE, CHILDREN AND ELDERLY In this section we wanted to analyse the 15 minutes city, trying to give a critical interpretation to the territory in order to understand weaknesses and strengths. In particular for starting the analysis we wanted to distinguish the users to which our work was referred, thus identified as the so known most vulnerable population groups, that are elderly and children. Especially for the former from 70 to 99 years old, rather than for the younger from kindergarten so 3 years old to 14 years old that is middle school. The reasons behind this decision have been driven mainly by the will to study in detail practices and needs of those people that not always have been supported by adequate services and facilities. In fact for this analysis, we used the support of “Growing Up Boulder” project, that is “child and youthfriendly city initiative,” a program of the University of Colorado for which the aim is to promote a childand youth-friendly city. Moreover, we get inspiration also from the tactical urbanism initiative promoted by the Municipality of Milan that between the numerous objectives, posed the ones of expand the residual spaces of our city for providing new spaces to the citizens and in particular to children as happened in Piazza Spoleto - Venini and Piazza Sicilia.

We choose 3 different areas to focus our analysis on in order to understand strengths and weaknesses of each territory, each with very different characteristics. In fact the area that we chose for Milan is across Municipality 2 and 3, a quite vibrant and livable neighbourhood. Second, we chose Sesto San Giovanni a small town, as vibrant as Milan, with a lot of services. Third, we selected Segrate with a fewer number of inhabitants and less services, but with an extensive presence of green areas.

SESTO SAN GOVANNI 16 20 21

19 22

COLOGNO MONZESE VIMODRONE

18 23

SEGRATE

DIAGRAM ABOUT PROXIMITY AND ACCESSIBILITY - Playground - Residential area - Residential area

- Residential area - Residential area - Residential area

5 / 7 minute walk - 550 m

15 minute walk - 1,1 km

- School - Pharmacy - Bus stop

- C.A.M / C.A.G - School - Church

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

Children living here can not access to a middle school by walking

15 min.

School 39

SCHOOL

All areas served by

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

Children living here can not access to an elementary and middle school by walking Children living here can not access to a middle school by walking

15 min.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

PLAYGROUND In the surrounding ( 5 min. walk) children of 10 schools can not have the access to playground area

Children in those schools can not reach a park in less than 5 minute walk

15 min.

School 41

SCHOOL PLAYGROUND

All areas served by

Only 3 sc

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

15 min.

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

15 min.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

PLAYGROUND

All areas served by

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

15 min.

School 43

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

15 min.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

PLAYGROUND

All areas served by

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

ISOCHRONE Using sports centre for disabled as the centre of isochronos we can affirm that disabled children of 6 schools can have the access to it in a short distance

15 min.

School 45

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

PLAYGROUND 2 schools in the centre are not served by playground near by. Moreover in the residential neighbourhood of Milano 2 other 4 schools are in the same conditions even if some private playground are there SPORT A lot of playfields compared to the other services, but only 1 is accessible by disable ISOCHRONE All the disabled children centre of Segrate’s school can have the access to sports centre, as well for all the students

15 min.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

PLAYGROUND

All areas served by

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

LIBRARY Diverse number of li all the elementary and middle schoo

LIBRARY For children that can not have internet connection or other problem, having a library near their school is an usefull facility

Not all school are served by library

15 min.

School 47

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

ibrary occupy the territory providing ol with this service

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

15 min.

Library NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

All areas served by

PLAYGROUND

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

LIBRARY Diverse number of li all the elementary and middle schoo C.A.G empty areas

Only 2 centre located

LIBRARY For children that can not have internet connection or other problem, having a library near their school is an usefull facility C.A.G 4 centre for young people are located in the area, not everyone can have the access to it by walk

15 min.

School 49

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

ibrary occupy the territory providing ol with this service

SPORT A lot of playfields compared to the other services, but only 1 is accessible by disable

d one next to the other, leaving huge

ISOCHRONE All the disabled children centre of Segrate’s school can have the access to sports centre, as well for all the students LIBRARY Just 1 library serve the residential neighbourhood, fortunately, near the schools C.A.G The centre of Segrate is completely lack of services for helping students

15 min.

Library

15 min.

C.A.G NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

PLAYGROUND In the surrounding ( 5 min. walk) children of 10 schools can not have the access to playground area SPORT A lot of soccer field characterized the area, some private and others in parishes. Only 1 sports centre accessible and usable by disabled people. ISOCHRONE Using sports centre for disabled as the centre of isochronos we can affirm that disabled children of 6 schools can have the access to it in a short distance LIBRARY For children that can not have internet connection or other problem, having a library near their school is an usefull facility C.A.G 4 centre for young people are located in the area, not everyone can have the access to it by walk CONNECTION The lower part of Crescenzago poorely connected with the higher part of the neighbourhood, due to precarious and degradeted underpass

All areas served by

PLAYGROUND

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

LIBRARY Diverse number of li all the elementary and middle schoo C.A.G empty areas

Only 2 centre located

CONNECTION Sesto San railway and metro line, well maintai accessibility except one

The only precarious and degradeted underpass

15 min.

School 51

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

ibrary occupy the territory providing ol with this service

SPORT A lot of playfields compared to the other services, but only 1 is accessible by disable

d one next to the other, leaving huge

ISOCHRONE All the disabled children centre of Segrate’s school can have the access to sports centre, as well for all the students

Giovanni underpass to cross the ined and enough big to allow a good

LIBRARY Just 1 library serve the residential neighbourhood, fortunately, near the schools C.A.G The centre of Segrate is completely lack of services for helping students CONNECTION The major throughfare that cross the city allow numerous crossing point (in level and through bridges).

15 min.

Library

C.A.G

Underpass / surface or bridges NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Children and young people (3-14 years old) SCHOOL

SESTO SAN Children and young pe

Spread quite homogeneously in the territory

SCHOOL

All areas served by

PLAYGROUND

Only 3 sc

SPORT Numberous sports fi disabled people

LIBRARY Diverse number of li all the elementary and middle schoo C.A.G empty areas

Only 2 centre located

CONNECTION Sesto San railway and metro line, well maintai accessibility except one

CONNECTION The lower part of Crescenzago poorely connected with the higher part of the neighbourhood, due to precarious and degradeted underpass

ATs2 ATi1a

ATs2

ATi3

ATi2

ATsp5

15 min.

School 53

Sport fields

Sport fields accesible by disabled

N GIOVANNI eople (3-14 years old)

SEGRATE Children and young people (3-14 years old)

school within 15 minuts

chools are not served by playground

ield but none of them accessible by

SCHOOL

Some areas are not provided by schools

ibrary occupy the territory providing ol with this service

SPORT A lot of playfields compared to the other services, but only 1 is accessible by disable

d one next to the other, leaving huge

ISOCHRONE All the disabled children centre of Segrate’s school can have the access to sports centre, as well for all the students

Giovanni underpass to cross the ined and enough big to allow a good

AT12 AT12

15 min.

Library

C.A.G

Underpass / surface or bridges NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

DENSITY MAP ABOUT CONCEN

We propose these 3 different scheme, one for each municipality in order to understand where mos services in the territory In particular we mapped in orange the stationers, in purple ice cream parlours and in brown music schools. We c most common visited and used by children. Morover we mapped churches, making a distinction between catholic go to church every week and 52 % of young people go to a mass/church every wee

MILANO

SESTO SAN

11,4 % foreigners children (5-14 years old) 2,6 % foreigners elders (70-100 years old)

14 % foreigners child 1,3 % foreigners elde

As we can evict from the map there’s a broad variety of services for children. We also mapped possible routes where they can go. Those are done on the base of secure and large enough sidewalks. We also mapped churces and mosque as one of the most visited place in the area, thank also to sports field in it.

THis area is quite similar to the o activities in it. The difference is amo placed around the territory. Here, d higher quantity of services co

MILANO

SESTO SAN

STO SAN GIOVANNI % foreigners children (5-14 years old) % foreigners elders (70-100 years old)

erie rie di musica

Density

0 15 min.

Stationers 55

Ice-cream parlours

NTRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

st of the young people and children are located in the territory and if there’s a correlation between y for them and density. choose those services because with the help of “Growing up Boulder” projects we recognized those services as the c churches and islamic ones, this because from the analysis provided below we realized that a lots of young people a lots of them are foreigners. ek - 40 % of elederly go to a mass/church every week

N GIOVANNI

SEGRATE

dren (5-14 years old) ers (70-100 years old)

12,3 % foreigners children (5-14 years old) 3 % foreigners elders (70-100 years old)

ones in Milan for the numerous ong the location and how those are darker area are characterized by a ompared to the lighter zones.

In Segrate neighbourhood as we can see, there are very few services, enlightening a weaknesses for which citizens and in particular young people living there cannot reach almost no or very few services.

N GIOVANNI

SEGRATE

15 min.

Music schools

Church and mosque

Safe paths and sidewalks NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Elderly (70-99 years old) CHURCH

SESTO SAN Elderly (70-9

All areas served by churches within 15 minuts

CHURCH

Some areas not pro

15 min.

Church 57

N GIOVANNI 99 years old)

SEGRATE Elderly (70-99 years old)

ovided by churches

CHURCH

15 min.

Most of the area is not served by churches

15 min.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Elderly (70-99 years old) CHURCH

SESTO SAN Elderly (70-9

All areas served by churches within 15 minuts

PHARMACY All areas served by pharmacy within 5 minuts, it is important that the area is served given the difficulties of the elderly. Also, there are no ATSs in the area

CHURCH

Some areas not pro

PHARMACY Some areas not p in the north of the square. Also, there

Buffer 7 minute walk

ATi1a

ATs2

ATi3

ATi2

ATsp5

15 min.

Church 59

Phar

N GIOVANNI 99 years old)

SEGRATE Elderly (70-99 years old)

ovided by churches

CHURCH

Most of the area is not served by churches

provided by pharmacies, we can see it e is 1 ATS in the south of the square.

PHARMACY Most of the area is not served by churches, this is a problem for the elders that live in Segrate municipality. Also, there is 1 ATS in the center of the square.

AT12

15 min.

rmacy NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Elderly (70-99 years old) CHURCH

SESTO SAN Elderly (70-9

All areas served by churches within 15 minuts

CHURCH

Some areas not pro

PHARMACY Some areas not p in the north of the square. Also, there

C. A. M Most of the area is se because is necessary that this kind elders. So, we have insert a isochron the degree of accessibility.

ATi1a

ATs2

ATi3

ATi2

ATsp5

15 min.

Church 61

Phar

N GIOVANNI 99 years old)

SEGRATE Elderly (70-99 years old)

ovided by churches

CHURCH

provided by pharmacies, we can see it e is 1 ATS in the south of the square.

PHARMACY Most of the area is not served by churches, this is a problem for the elders that live in Segrate municipality. Also, there is 1 ATS in the center of the square.

erved by C. A. M. It is very important d of activity are easily accessible by nos about 15 minutes to undestand

rmacy

Most of the area is not served by churches

Isochronos - 15 minute walk

AT12

15 min.

C.A.M NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MILANO Elderly (70-99 years old) CHURCH

SESTO SAN Elderly (70-9

All areas served by churches within 15 minuts

PHARMACY All areas served by pharmacy within 5 minuts, it is important that the area is served given the difficulties of the elderly. Also, there are no ATSs in the area C. A. M Small part of the area is served by C. A. M. So, in this area, we can understand that there are some problems in achieving such buildings especially for the elderly. With the use of isochronos we have understand the limit of accessibility of the area. PUBLIC TRANSPORT STOPS As we can see in the map the most of the area is served by the public transport. So, we can undestand an easily connections between the parts of the area and this is very important especially for the elders

CHURCH

Some areas not pro

PHARMACY Some areas not p in the north of the square. Also, there

C. A. M Most of the area is se because is necessary that this kind elders. So, we have insert a isochron the degree of accessibility.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT STOPS problem of accessibility because al transport. So, this is an positive aspe

Buffer 5 minute walk

ATi1a

ATs2

ATi3

ATi2

ATsp5

15 min.

Church 63

Phar

N GIOVANNI 99 years old)

SEGRATE Elderly (70-99 years old)

ovided by churches

CHURCH

provided by pharmacies, we can see it e is 1 ATS in the south of the square.

PHARMACY Most of the area is not served by churches, this is a problem for the elders that live in Segrate municipality. Also, there is 1 ATS in the center of the square.

erved by C. A. M. It is very important d of activity are easily accessible by nos about 15 minutes to undestand

In this map there isn’t any ll the area is served by the public ect of the area.

rmacy

Most of the area is not served by churches

C. A. M Most of the area is not served by C. A. M. It is a problem especially for the elders that live in this zone. Also, we have insert a isochronos about 15 minutes and we have undestand a serious problem related to the accessibility. PUBLIC TRANSPORT STOPS As we can see in this map there is a serious problem related to the accessibility because most of the area in not served by public transport and this is a serious problem for the elders.

AT12

15 min.

C.A.M

15 min.

Bus stop NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

DENSITY MAP ABOUT CONCEN

We propose these 3 different scheme, one for each municipality in order to understand wher services in the territory In particular we mapped in purple the bar, in grey newsstands. We choose thos

MILANO

SESTO SAN

As can be seen from the map, there is a homogeneous concentration among the elderly population. In addition, there are large public gardens that can be visited by the elderly. Furthermore, in this map, we have mapped the position of the bar and the newsstand which are positioned quite homogeneously within the area under analysis. In this way, given that the area is characterized by a strong presence of elderly inhabitants, the latter are able to have the services they use daily simply through some neighborhoods.

In this map, there is a concentration in the north-western part of the map. public gardens that are easily acces to underline that the north-west concentration of elderly people and the highest concentration of bars an be used daily by the elderly populatio

Density

0 15 min.

Bar 65

NTRATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

re most of the elderly people are located in the territory and if there’s a correlation between y for them and density. se services because are the most common ones used by elderly in their daily life.

N GIOVANNI

SEGRATE

n of the elderly population especially . In addition, the area have numerous ssible by the elderly. It is important part is the area with the highest d at the same time it is the area with nd newsstands, i.e. services that can on.

15 min.

As can be seen from the map, there is a concentration of elderly population especially in the central part of the map. Furthermore, it is important to note the difficulty of the Municipality in providing public and equipped green areas. Furthermore, in this map it is possible to view a small concentration of daily services mainly dedicated to the elderly population only in the central part of the area under analysis. This distribution indicates a fairly evident lack of services in the area and this is a negative aspect which also affects the accessibility of the area under analysis.

15 min.

Newsstand NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Conclusion The patterns observed throughout the analysis show a direct correlation between the population density of an area and the presence of different services. Where the density is low, as in the eastern sector of the project area, we find a stronger presence of green spaces and widespread sports facilities, but this contrasts with a more scarce presence of other services, such as schools, cultural facilities and health centres. The western part of the project area, connotated by a higher population density, features a stronger presence of these latter services. This area also features a denser presence of public transport facilities, increasing the general accessibility and mobility within the area. The combination between a denser population, a concentrated tissue of services and more extensive public transport network, offers high potential for the development of 15 minutes cities within this area. While some areas in the eastern part of the territory seem to require a strategy of service improvement in the perspective of the 15 minutes city. Adopting a closer look we investigated into three different areas, looking at 15 minutes city implications. The area of Sesto San Giovanni and the area of Feltre, Cimiano and Crescenzago neighborhood present a similar pattern of services. Both of them offer a wide array of services and a high degree of accessibility, presenting a good level of inclusion for young and elderly population. By contrast, the area of Segrate presents more of a residential connotation with a lower number of services available. As a result, this generates the need for the inhabitants to rely on the city of Milan in spite of the low degree of connectivity of the area.This implies a risk of exclusion for the social groups of young and elderly. Besides the patterns individuated, in our opinion an evaluation on welfare level in a neighborhood should also be based on qualitative investigations and inquiries of local needs and capabilities of the inhabitants. Thus, to do a detailed and comprehensive study of welfare it would be needed a qualitative approach to the research, with also field study. Furthermore, we also found some limits posed by outdated and inaccurate databases. While the Covid pandemic seems to have questioned and posed limits to the benefits of urban density, it emerged the need for alternative solutions, based on proximity and local society, which call for more accurate and extensive studies on the topic. A deeper research in our opinion should also include a more broad analysis of cultural services adopting the perspective of different cultures and nationalities inhabiting the territory. Moreover public offices and administrative services should be included in further analysis on the topic of urban welfare, as also emergency services such as firefighter and police station; even if not used in a daily routine, they constitute basic essential services. Lastly an important component of welfare is made by social services and third sector and non-profit networks: it is not easy to map the presence of these services and to find an objective measure of solidarity.

Bibliography PART 1: GENERAL FRAMEWORK Claudio Basta, From Justice in planning toward planning for justice: A capability approach, Planning Theory - Sage Journal, 2015 Comune di Segrate, Elaborazioni dell’Ufficio di Statistica su dati dell’Ufficio Anagrafe, 2018. Available at: <https://www.comune.segrate.mi.it/export/sites/segrate/doc/comune/Statistiche_2018. pdf > (Accessed March 4th, 2021) Istat website: < https://www.istat.it > (Accessed March 4th, 2021) Open Data – Città Metropolitana di Milano website: < https://www.cittametropolitana.mi.it/open_data/> (Accessed March 3rd, 2021) PGTonline website: <https://www.pgt.comune.milano.it/piano-delle-regole> (Accessed March 5th, 2021) Portale Open Data – Comune di Milano website: < https://dati.comune.milano.it > (Accessed March 3rd, 2021) Sesto in Cifre – Sesto San Giovanni website: < https://sestosg.net/sesto-in-cifre/ > (Accessed March 4th, 2021) Sezione PGT - Comune di Milano website: <https://www.comune.milano.it/aree-tematiche/ urbanistica-ed-edilizia/pgt-approvato-e-vigente-milano-2030#navpageinside > (Accessed March 3rd, 2021) PART 2: URBAN WELFARE Nasar Ahmed,, Ann M. Flores, Hyacinth Rc. Mason, Rubens J.Pamies, Gary L. Smith, Steven C. Stain, Kristy Woods, Racial/ethnic disparity and predictors of leisure-time physical activity among U.S. men. Ethn Dis., 2005 Winter;15(1):40-52. PMID: 15720048. Cerca la tua scuola - Ministero dell’istruzione website: <https://cercalatuascuola.istruzione.it/cercalatuascuola/> (Accessed March 4th, 2021) Marta Cordini, Andrea Parma, White flight a Milano, Article on Welforum website, June 2018. Available at: https: <https://welforum.it/il-punto-presentazione/separati-a-scuola/> (Accessed March 11th,2021) James Higgerson, Emma Halliday, Aurora Ortiz-Nunez, et al. Impact of free access to leisure facilities and community outreach on inequalities in physical activity: a quasi-experimental study J Epidemiol Community Health, 2018;72:252-258. Portale Open Data – Città Metropolitana di Milano website: < https://www.cittametropolitana.mi.it/open_data/> (Accessed March 10th, 2021) Portale Open Data – Comune di Milano website: < https://dati.comune.milano.it > (Accessed March 10th, 2021) Portale Open Data - Regione Lombardia website: < https://www.dati.lombardia.it/widgets/qkfs-wmmh > (Accessed March 1st, 2021) PART 3: THE 15 MINUTES CITY Child friendly cities Initiative - Unicef website: < https://childfriendlycities.org > (Accessed March 10th,2021) Geoportale - Regione Lombardia website: <http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/ > (Accessed March 11th,2021) Growing Up Boulder project website: < http:/www.growingupboulder.org> (Accessed March 10th,2021)

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS F OR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

Group B ( 6 & 8 )

Commerce, cultural offer, Night life

Celia Balos Thomas Clopin Edoardo Guerzoni Alexandre Nicot Valery Obando Anna Pasqualotto Wuen Qing Ramin Talebi Anlan Wang Nazanin Ziaei

Table of contents INTRODUCTION: About this report PART 1: GENERAL ANALYSIS 1.1 Land-uses 1.2 Socio-demography 1.3 Services 1.4 Mobility 1.5 Built environment PART 2: FOCUS ANALYSIS 2.1 Commerce typologies 2.2 Commerce by dimension 2.3 Nightlife and 24-hour services PART 3: INTERPRETATIONS AND HYPOTHESIS 3.1 Hypothesis 1: Density 3.2 Hypothesis 2: Accessibility 3.3 Hypothesis 3: The 15 Minutes City CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

About this report When it comes down to understanding the urbanity of a given area, mapping and interpreting data always come in handy. This is especially true for the research carried out in this studio. Analyzing and understanding the commercial life of municipalities such as Sesto San Giovanni, Vimodrone, Cologno Monzese and Segrata, and tie them to the neighboring Municipio II and III of the city Milan brought to life a series of urban life scenarios sometimes unpredictable. That NoLo and Viale Monza are establishing themselves as a new kind of lifestyle revolving around commerce and cultural hub is not new in the literature. (Coppola, 2019) Yet, what is emerging from this research is the uncanny interdependence of certain areas as well as an astonishing isolation of others such as the like of Vimodrone. In the complex urban arena of the Città Metropolitana di Milano, these spaces often intertwine erasing boundaries in favor of commerciality, for example in the case of big shopping malls strategically located at the exit of certain arterial roads. Indeed, transportation, both public and private, plays a pivotal role in the rising of commercial streets and the decline of others. Today, we are witnessing the growing need of a 15 minutes city. The coronavirus pandemic taught governments that planning for greatest amount of sqm² is not the solution for the most pressing needs of today. Hence, a new conceptualization of a city within a 15 minutes distance is growing in popularity with Paris already at the forefront of this new planning strategy. However, how will localities which have anything to share with the Grand Paris will come with the new 15MC challenge?

Part 1: General Analysis To produce the most accurate outcome possible, it To better understand the shortcomings, the is necessary to gather multiple data of the studied area and per capita of the uses are calculated. It area to get a more understandable approach of the is illustrated in this map that land uses are not municipalities. To do so, we chosed to gather a widespread well in the area. Main problem is in broad range of data concerning land use, services, the Southwest of the area which residential uses mobility builtANALYSIS environment usLombardia) to are concentrated with the lack of commerce or LANDand USES (source:that DUSAFallows 2018, Regione produce relevant assumptions for our study. green area. Moreover, large areas of arable lands and open spaces in the center and parts of the East can cause tissue disintegration.

1.1 Land-use analysis According to a ‘‘15 minutes city’’ concept, there should be rational accessibility to the land uses by 15 minutes (which means approximately 1 kilometer). Therefore, the proper distribution of services is essential in an area. Appropriate distribution may lead to a more diverse, dynamic, and safe city which can even be effective for optimal use of the site for future land planning. To better understand the shortcomings, the area and per capita of the uses are calculated. It is illustrated in this map that land uses are not widespread well in the area. In the southeast of the area, residential uses are concentrated with the lack of commerce or green area. Moreover, large areas of arable lands and open spaces in the center can cause tissue disintegration. According to the per capita estimated it is apparent that the space allocated for each uses is almost sufficient. The problem, however, is the distribution. Fair access to land and its optimal use is one of the basic components of development and social justice. According to a ‘‘15 minutes city’’ concept, there accessibility to the 2 1 be rational 3 4 0 should 5 km land uses by 15 minutes (which equals approximately 1 kilometer). Therefore, the proper distribution of services is essential in an area. Appropriate distribution may lead to a more diverse, dynamic, and safe city which can even be effective for advantageous use of the site for future land use planning.

On the next page, Land Use Analysis, own production

LAND USES ANALYSIS (source: DUSAF 2018, Regione Lombardia)

LEGEND

Study area border

Land uses

Dense residential fabric Medium-density continuous residential fabric Discontinuous residential fabric Sparse and nucleiform residential fabric Sparse residential fabric Farmhouses Industrial, artisanal, commercial settlement Agricoltural productive settlement Hospital settlement Public and pivate service settlement Technological plant Parks and gardens Uncultivated green areas Sports facilities Woods Orchard Floriculture Horticoltural crop Arable crop Laws Others

5 km

L a n d use s

number

area

percentage

Mean

Residential Industrial, artisanal and commercial Agricultural Hospital Public and Private service Technological systems Cemeteries Obliterated military areas Airports and heliports Cave Landfills Construction sites Degraded areas not used and not vegetated Parks and gardens Green areas Sport facilities Campsites and tourist and accommodation facilities Amusement parks Archaeological areas Arable land and Horticultural fields Riparian formations River beds and artificial waterways Natural water basins Artificial reservoirs Water basins from mining activities involving the aquifer Sum

273 220 11 7 181 14 9 2 1 7 3 47 16

431867.16 222420.48 5184.45 7993.25 106679.63 10153.79 9405.77 1804.9 4534.83 10286.49 1301.33 34058.03 11166.97

17.83 14.36 0.71 0.45 11.82 0.91 0.58 0.13 0.06 0.45 0.19 3.06 1.04

1581.91 1011 471.31 1141.89 589.39 725.27 1045.08 902.46 4534.83 1469.49 433.77 724.63 697.93

Per capita 0.88 0.45 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.02 0.01 0.003 0.009 0.02 0.002 0.06 0.02

227 248 86 6

186524.95 160126.47 52507.74 3349.36

14.82 16.19 5.61 0.39

821.69 645.67 610.55 558.22

0.38 0.32 0.10 0.006

2 1 126 18 13 1 7 5

2625.37 170.46 123150.33 28007.88 20406.81 600.79 10696.57 5776.11

0.13 0.06 8.22 1.17 0.84 0.06 0.45 0.32

1312.68 170.46 977.38 1555.99 1569.75 600.79 1528.08 1155.22

0.005 0.0003 0.25 0.05 0.04 0.001 0.02 0.01

1531

1450799.9

100

26835.44

2.97

1.2a Demographic analysis: The study area has an overall population of 488252 inhabitants. The graphs show that there are relevant inhabitants differences in the number of inhabitants per zone: Milan’s Municipi have the highest number of inhabitants, followed by the other Municipalities, the smallest one is Vimodrone. However, all the zones have been facing a similar trend in the last decade, the population has been stable in all the period. In order to better understand the zones, we calculated the density of inhabitants per km2 in each census tract. The Population Density map (2011) shows quite clearly that the denser areas are the city centers of all the Municipalities: the area has the characteristics of a polycentric system, although Milan has a predominant role. Moreover, the Average Family Dimension map shows that the bigger families tend to live outside the Municipality

of Milan or in its peripherical areas. This might be due to better living conditions and to lower housing prices. The two maps on the right help us having a general idea of the demographic trends that are going on in the area, particularly regarding the aging of population. The Old-Age Dependency Ratio shows that the workingage population in the area is still able to overcome the number of elderly people, however the Aging Index map shows a less comforting picture: the population in the area is aging quite rapidly, rapidly particularly in the denser areas of the city. The age of population is a very relevant aspect to take into account when dealing with a 15-minutes city, in fact old people have different needs in terms of services, commerce and a more accessible city in general.

POPULATION DENSITY (2011)

AVERAGE FAMILY DIMENSION (2011)

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

inhabitants per m2 0-3241

335557-46217.7

3241.1-15019.5

46217.8-66553

15019.6-33556.9

no data

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

average number of family members 1

2.6-3

1.1-2

3.1-4

2.1-2.5

no data

POPULATION 2010-2020 source: ISTAT

160

144301

140

148840

155016

153109

152908

142945

141229

139936

140524

141073

80932

81490

47970

47971

139897

141060

76579

76340

76432

76791

47498

47878

46249

47468

159134

156864

154026

162090

163049

161339

Municipio 2 Municipio 3

142939

144110

144544

143636

81608

81822

81773

81667

81706

47770

47720

47701

48093

47758

On this page, top Population trends (2010-20) own production

thousand inhabitants

120 100

On this page, bottom Demographic analysis (2011) own production

80 60 40

34341

34535

35107

35090

35217

35344

35538

35814

36245

36720

36957

15957

16295

16455

16766

17126

17063

17028

17004

17016

16836

16856

201 0

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

201 7

201 8

2019

year

OLD-AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO (2011)

AGING INDEX (2011)

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

old people (>65) on working-age people (15-64) 0-50

110.1-750

50.1-80

>750

10.1-110

no data

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

old people (>65) on young people (<15) 0-50

110.1-600

50.1-90

>600

90.1-110

no data

2020

Sesto San Giovanni

Cologno Monzese Segrate Vimodrone

1.2b Socio-economic analysis: Another very important aspect when dealing both with the 15-minutes city and with our focus topic (Commerce, Culture and Nightlife) is wealth wealth. Wealth is generally defined as “the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transaction”. According to this definition, it is a hard task to directly measure wealth, moreover many useful data – as the income levels at the census tract scale –are not easily available. In order to overcome these limitations, we tried to address the issue of wealth using some proxy analysis that do not describe themselves the topic, but help picturing a general framework. The proxy analysis we considered are: education, employment, incomes and real estate market.

The Percentage of Graduates map shows that the higher percentages of graduates are in the inner parts of Municipi 2 & 3, that benefit from the proximity to the city center and to the Politecnico and Statale University. Other areas that shows positive values are Segrate and Cologno Monzese city center. For what concerns Unemployment Rate, we cannot read any specific pattern on the concentration of unemployment. The absence of areas characterized by a high presence of unemployed people is a good aspect for the area. Perhaps the most important information to understand the distribution of wealth are Income Levels. The data, only available at the municipal level, shows that the richest Municipality is Segrate, followed by Milano, Vimodrone, Cologno Monzese and Sesto San Giovanni.

% GRADUATES (2011)

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (2011)

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

graduates on population over 25 0%-2%

20.6%-50%

2.1%-9% 9.1%-20%

source: ISTAT, Census 2011

% of the labor force that is jobless 0%-1%

7.6%-12.5%

50.1%-100%

1.1%-4.5%

12.6%-50%

no data

4.6%-7.5%

no data

The differences between the first two and the last three, are quite relevant: relevant the average income level in Segrate is more than 150% the one of Sesto San Giovanni Last, the distribution of housing cost is very similar to the one of incomes. Vimodrone, Cologno Monzese and Sesto San Giovanni – which had the lower revenues – have the lower prices of houses, while for Municio 2 and 3 and Segrate the cost increases ncreases while moving closer to the city of Milan. In conclusion, we can say that the whole area has good levels of wealth. wealth In particular, Municipi 2 and 3 and the Municipality of Segrate shows the best levels of education, the highest incomes and the most valuable housing market. From the demographic and socio-economic point of view the area represent good requisites to become

INCOME LEVELS (2018)

source: Reveneu Agency, municipal ﬁscal data 2018

average taxable income

On this page, bottom Socio-economic analysis own production

HOUSE PRICING (2021)

source: Immobile.it, february 2021

1981 €/m2 2590 €/m2 3350 €/m2 4390 €/m2 6555 €/m2

21.466,74€

33.749,11€

23.527,53€

34.378,05€

25.146,02€

a 15-minutes city, although the potentialities and weaknesses of each specific zone must be addressed as well as the important issue of the population aging.

1.3 Services The general finding related to service is that the closer to the center of Milano, the more services there are. Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate have the least amount of service facilities.

The reason lies in the fact that the place with denser settlements or better transportation have more service generally. As to bank service we can easily recognize a linear pattern alongside the metro line.

The distribution of sports facilities (including pitch, playground, sports center, swimming pool, stadium) is relatively balanced. Apart from Milano city, Sesto San Giovanni enjoys more cultural heritage than the other area.

1.4 Mobility

HIERARCHICAL ROADS

When analyzing mobility within the study area, it is important to recognize the different typology and hierarchy of the structural road system. In our study area we present the system of streets categorized into: Main roads, secondary roads; where the circulation of both public and private transport takes place. Likewise we find the highway that connects to the north and south with the rest of the Lombardy region as well as the different railway networks present in the area that are part of the fast mobility system of our study area. The different railway networks present in the area and are part of the rapid mobility system of LEGEND our study area. All the municipalities are part of Highway the different LEGEND Main roads Secondary roads Railway infrastructural systems of mobility that are Highway Street Main roads Border area Secondary roads observed as a basis for the analysis made. Railway Street Border area

FAST MOBILITY

LEGEND Metro line Train line Metro station Isochrones 5 min 10 min 15 min

Train station Isochrones 5 min 10 min 15 min

Tramway line Tramway station Bus stops Highway Main roads Secondary roads Railway

Fast Mobility:

Slow mobility:

Concerning fast mobility within the study area, we can observe through the use of isochrones of up to 15 min of pedestrian circulation in train and metro stations that is mostly supplied in the south west area, connecting the municipalities Milano 2, 3, Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and southern part of Segrate. As far as the remaining area is involved, it should be noted that there are bus networks and bus stations operating within the municipalities. There is also the presence of the highway that crosses the study area connecting from north to south. Considering fast mobility, we can conclude that the study area is mostly served by public transportation services, the metropolitan and railway network, the bus system as well as the main and secondary roads allow the circulation of private transportation.

As part of the slow mobility analysis, we can first of all evidence the presence of the bicycle lane system along with their respective bike sharing stations and parking lots.This network is mostly concentrated within the municipalities of Milan 2 - 3 and we can observe it is more sporadically in the rest of the area. Within this analysis we have found out that it is relevant to emphasize the different sidewalks for pedestrian circulation that together with the presence of green areas, parks and urban vegetation make slow mobility pedestrian circulation more pleasant for the inhabitants. We can conclude from this research that there are areas that need to be connected to the network of bicycle lanes to ensure better mobility and safety for people.

SLOW MOBILITY

LEGEND Bike line Bicycle network Bike sharing stations Bike parking Green area Crop area Isolated Trees Streets

Commuting Zones

Sesto San Giovanni

Cologno Monzese

Vimodrone Municipio 2

Segrate Municipio 3

Origins of the Commuting ﬂows to the study area

Sesto San Giovanni

1 point = 1 person

Cologno Monzese

Vimodrone Municipio 2

Segrate Municipio 3

Destinations of the Commuting ﬂows from the study area Source: elaboration of Census 2011 data at the census tracts level

1 point = 1 person

Municipio 2-3

Work and Study Flows

Flow directed to

Flow originated in

4% 22.5 %

77.5 %

96 %

Study Flow

Work Flow

Study Flow

Work Flow

Segrate 4%

3686

22 %

106765

368473 78 % 86060

96 %

Study Flow

Work Flow

Study Flow

Work Flow

Cologno Monzese 3686

16 %

106765

368473 86060 84 %

92 %

Study Flow

Work Flow

Study Flow

Work Flow

Sesto San Giovanni 3686

106765 21 %

13 %

368473 86060

79 %

87 %

Study Flow

Work Flow

Study Flow

Work Flow

Vimodrone 1%

3686

106765

18 %

368473

82 %

99 %

Study Flow

Work Flow

86060

Study Flow

Work Flow

1.5 Built environment

The built environment of the Eastern part of Milan is characterized by a wide variety of typologies. The main and most recognizable types of urban blocks in the area are urban blocks and courtyards, rows and ribbons, sheds, solitaires and groups. We can observe a rather homogeneous distribution of the typologies towards the center of Milan and a diversification spreading towards the peripheries of the city. This homogeneity of the typologies represents evidence of the urbanization and re-urbanization process of the city core, the re-urbanization can be noticed through some independent groups or buildings. Furthermore, in what concerns the building density of the area, there is a higher concentration of dwellings at the proximity of the city center compared to the suburban areas.

A similar case is Vimodrone, whose urban density is decreasing and the area presents more vacant spaces. Lastly, Segrate is mostly characterized by groups and sheds, often combined. We can notice that the Northern side of Segrate is more concentrated than its Southern area, divided by the railways. In the Southern part of Segrate, the sheds and the groups are separated by the lake Idroscalo.

By taking a closer look at the different municipalities surrounding the area: Municipi 2 and 3 are mostly occupied by urban blocks, generating very dense urban areas. In some rare cases we can observe ribbons and groups, mainly further away from the city core. On the other side of the railways, heading towards the outskirts of Milan, the urban density is rarefying and it abruptly appears a variation in typologies. Municipio 3 (the Southern area) loses its density whereas Municipio 2 (the Northern area) tries to maintain its concentration, until Sesto San Giovanni. Sesto San Giovanni is characterized by several blocks, groups, ribbons and we can notice the appearance of solitaires and sheds. The solitaires are in this case a residential complex defying the typology of its surroundings, on Via Modena and an isolated commercial center Centro Commerciale Vulcano. The sheds are rather industrial areas like the Vetrobalsamo Spa Uffici. Cologno Monzese shows great urban density and it is characterized mostly by sheds, ribbons and groups, forming a heterogeneous area. Most of the dwellings implemented in the zone seem “parasite” as they do not follow a specific typology.

On the next page, Taxonomy and the Built Environment study, own production

Part 2: Focus Analysis The presence of commerces play a huge role in the 15 minutes city, as it provides citizens with goods (basic to rare), which is the core of the concept. In consideration of the importance of commerces in our study, we chosed to focus on this data, which comes with a broad range of type, it is thus necessary to sort the data gathered. To allow us to produce understandable maps and to show clear characteristics of the area, we worked on typologies, dimension and schedule (nightlife, 24h shop)

2.1 Commerce typologies Commerces: As we can observe we have made a categorization of the different types of commerces present in the study area, dividing them into Daily life needs, considering first need businesses such as: groceries, pharmacies, food services and clothing as well as entertainment, culture and identity and others. The map shows a high concentration of daily life needs businesses in the southwest area, in the Milano 2 -3 municipalities, continuing northwards towards Sesto San Giovanni. Regarding other typologies of stores of other needs we can observe a concentration in the same area south west towards the municipalities Milano 2 - 3 heading towards the center of the city. As far as we refer exclusively to Daily life needs commerces, we have categorized them as follows:

concentration between groceries, pharmacies and between food services and clothing. When speaking of stores for other needs, the concentration remains similar to daily life needs, with the exception that the concentration of stores in the southwest zone of the study area (municipality Milan 2 -3 ) extends in a dispersed manner towards the rest of the municipalities. Here we can observe a pattern of concentration of cultural goods, historical shops, bars and hotels and in a dispersed manner and in smaller quantities towards the peripheries. In conclusion, we can state that the study area is supplied with daily life needs and other needs in a similar way. Maintaining a concentration that starts in the central areas and disperses towards the peripheries of the built-up area.

Groceries: Open air markets, medium and large scale distribution, Grocery shops and shopping malls; Pharmacies and personal care shops. Food services such as cafes and restaurants. Clothing: the categorizations of each clothing store in the study area and its peripheries. From these analyses we can determine that there is a concentration of businesses in the central areas of each municipality, observing a similar

On the next page, Daily Life Needs commerces and Other Needs commerces, own production

2.2 Commerce by dimension The analysis of commerce by dimension is useful to keep track of the patterns that the localization of small (or local) and big (or malls) shops create in the area. The map shows the most relevant categories of local retail and shopping malls. This topic is particularly relevant for a 15-minutes city, according to Paris’ project for La Ville du quart d’heure “the 15-minutes city requires an adjustment of shops. This involves the strengthening of the network of local shops and local services”, in other words a successful 15-minutes city is characterized by the presence of many, small-scale retails. Looking at the map, a specific pattern can be observed: the density of local shops is higher in the centers of the Municipalities or, in the case of Milan, the closer we get to the city center (like in Città Studi, Loreto and NOLO) and it decreases while we move to the peripheries.

Moreover, the map shows that retails are not spread evenly in the peripheral areas, on the contrary they generally have a linear distribution organized aside the most important connectors like viale Monza, via Padova and via Milano (Cologno Monzese) and, on a smaller scale, via Roma (Segrate). On the other hand, most of the shopping malls located in the areas where of high accessibility and where there is lack of local shops: in peripheral areas and within industrial settlements, even though some exceptions – like the presence of three malls very close to viale Monza - can be found too.

2.3 Nightlife and 24-hour services This shows all the shops open at night categorized by type. According to the nature of different services, they are mainly classified into food, pharmacies, and nightlife shops. In the food category, we put fast food restaurants in this section. This kind of store belongs to the kind of food store that opens at night since you can drive in. It can be observed from the drawings that the restaurants are mainly concentrated in Sesto san Giovanni, Municipio 2, and Municipio 3 areas, and the number of distribution in other areas is relatively small. In the pharmacy section, you can see that the main concentrated areas are still in Sesto san Giovanni, Municipio 2, and Municipio 3 areas, and the pharmacies in these areas have a relatively reasonable service radius. Interesting things are re-centralized. In the region, the main pharmacy roads show a linear

distribution. Considering nightlife, we have included bars. On the map, we observe that the number of bars is not as large as fast food restaurants and pharmacies, but they also have the same concentration area as fast food restaurants and pharmacies. The distribution status is irregular, generally showing a point-like distribution In summary, the distribution of these three settings in the three areas of Sesto San Giovanni, Municipio 2, and Municipio 3 areas is relatively complete, and there are cases of lack of numbers or unreasonable service radius in other areas. The overall linkage of these facilities in this research area should be considered, and the needs of different groups of people should be combined to make them evenly distributed.

Part 3: Interpretations and Hypothesis Through the lense of our analysis and data gathered of the commerces, we studied the feasibility of the 15 minutes city within the municipalities, hence 3 different hypothesis occurred in our work : first of all we analysed the correlation of the presence of commerce according to density (1) and mobility (2), therefore we tried to provide a analysis of the elements that mainly contribute to the 15 minutes city (3).

3.1 Hypothesis 1: does density affect the location of certain types of shops? Which shops do we find in the denser areas? Which ones in the least dense? Business establishment strategies can be seen as the manifestation of a competitive process for land use, with each business seeking the best possible location. The proper functioning of the system requires employment so that residents can become potential consumers. Transport infrastructure enables potential consumers to go to commercial establishments and become effective purchasers. Wholesale infrastructure supplies retail commercial establishments. Thus, the system for locating retail commercial establishments in urban areas interacts intensively with its environment. However the establishment of supermarkets leads to the closure of grocery stores and rural businesses. The contrast is then widening between areas close to the city, equipped with shops and services and under-equipped rural areas. Today there is a decline in the number of local shops in rural areas, largely due to the rise of rural supermarkets. When we look at those documents, we can easily see that the number of businesses is much higher in areas close to the city centre (municipials 2&3), where the urban fabric is the densest. This suggests a high population density, which is obviously beneficial for businesses. The further away one is

from the Milanese centre, the more the number of shops is reduced, because the urban fabric is becoming less and less dense, a characteristic that greatly influences the choice of location of companies. In areas like Sesto San Giovanni or Municipi 2 & 3, the urban fabric is denser. The number of inhabitants is high and the urban fabric is dense, while the number of shops is large and evenly distributed over the entire urban fabric. There are all kinds of businesses, some categories even being present several times in the same streets at times. An example of a less dense urban fabric is the Municpilaity of Vimodrone, where the number of inhabitants is much lower. The distribution of shops here is much less evenly distributed. Indeed, they are concentrated mainly in the same place, in this example a small shopping centre, suggesting that businesses settle in the same place and in small numbers, in the densest part of the urban fabric. In addition, cultural services are much less present in low-density environments, as are hotels/ airbnb. The services present are mainly small food shops, care services and some clothing stores.

On the next page, Density maps of the commerces of Milan Source: Dati Lombardia own production

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

COLOGNO MONZESE

LEGEND High density of shops

VIMODRONE

Low density of shops

SEGRATE

MUNICIPI 2 & 3

3.2 Hypothesis 2: Does accessibility influence the location of commerce and how? During our research and mapping reviews, specific assets such as accessibility, hot spots and demography caught our attention. First off, car accessibility and parking lots as well as highway axes seems to play a crucial role in the development of commercial activities. Parking lots and public transport stops often determine the presence and orientation of shops in the Municipio II and III neighborhoods. Conversely, big malls are in close proximity of highways exit streets, and thus offering a dual venue for both locals and costumers from outside. Regarding slow mobility, there’s definitely a correlation between street quality and shop location. For instance, in both Via Padova and Viale Monza low-rise, medium street section, low traffic congestion enhances the commerciality of ground-level shops, which become a place for both daily needs, sectorial shopping and social interactions, too. Metro stations and train stations serve the most important axis which turn into attractive commercial spots. Thanks to the historical shop data provided by Comune di Milano, it appears clear that, commercially speaking, Loreto and Municipio II became a commercial node thanks to their proximity to the main railway station of Milano, giving birth to many famous commercial streets of contemporary Milan such as Corso Buenos Aires, Viale Monza and Via Padova. In general, we can observe that the highest number of shops are located in the historical parts of the cities: this might be due to the higher densities of those zones or to the creation, in the past, of very recognizable and well-known commercial axis, districts or clusters that survived until now. Also, hotspots such as Politecnico or “Piazze Aperte” project in NoLo at Via Giulio e Corrado Venini, in front of the Scuola Media Statale Tommaso Ciresola are now, thanks to the new municipal initiative, cultural aggregator hubs (Citroni & Coppola, 2020). Indeed, in the latter, the commerciality of the area has increased with the splurging of bars, small libraries and cafes. NoLo, and Viale Monza in particular, is the new epicenter of the Milanese lifestyle (Coppola, 2019). Parallel to Viale Monza, Via Padova is also becoming a new centerpiece of Milan’s own internal commercial network. Just like the two streets, also the users and demography who live in this context is parallel. On the one hand, Viale Monza is home of the youngsters, under 30 freelancers while Viale Padova is hosting a broad variety of different coexisting foreign cultures ranging from Latinos to Indians and Philipinos communities and their own ethnic commercial activities.

Still, data and mapping can never tell the full history

of a place as several limitations throughout arose from the research. For example, it is impossible to map temporary and “informal” shops such as the one that pops up at Parco Trotter during nighttime. Also, commerce changes quickly, shops are a revolving door; they come and go, and every possible analysis is intrinsically a little outdated and the pandemic is definitely effecting such abrupt changes. Finally, the lack of data available for renting prices of commercial units doesn’t help creating a bigger picture for commerce and entertainment in the areas, which is needed in order to comprehend the various social dynamics of the area. Segrate locates in the nort-western regione of the area, just above Municipio 3 and Vimodrone. The city is characterized by a lively city center, commercewise, which provides different basic services, although specialized shops are lacking. Nonetheless, the urban morphology of Segrate does not favor a 15MC implementation. In fact, its own mobility network shops how the city is poorly connected with the other municipalities: there is no subway nor train stops that connects it to Milan on a regular basis. Thus, Segrate seems isolated and the need of a car as the primary need of transportation is crucial to its inhabitants, maiking it impossible to satisfy their basic needs according to a 15MC concept Vimodrone rapresents a peculiar case study in our analysis. Although Vimodrone possesses 2 trains stops within its borders (Vimodrone, Cascina Burrona), it is poorly connected to its neighboring municipalities. Only one bus line connects Vimodrone to Segrate. On the one hand, Vimodrone’s only train stop serves the city center in which various retails are locate, but on the area around, Cascina Burrona, the peripherical area of the town, does not come with the presences of commercial activities, creating a miscommunication between commerce and accessibility. On the next pages, Commerce in historical area own production In next pages, Shopping malls car accessibility, Parking lots & Commerce, Commerce accessibility by public transport own production via Padova, viale Monza photos Google Maps

14/3/2021

139 Via Padova - Google Maps

139 Via Padova

Via Padova, source Google Maps

14/3/2021

Viale Monza - Google Maps

Viale Monza

Viale Monza, source Google Maps

3.3 Hypothesis 3: Which are the elements that have in common that mainly contribute to the creation of the 15-minutes city?

The division of commerce maps shows the diversity of commerces in six municipalities. Similar location patterns have been identified for daily life needs and other needs. Then we took a look at street view as a supplement for the maps, because on map we can’t perceive the environment, and photos show that. We did this kind of spatial characteristics analysis to see the area that already had some advantages (such as sidewalks in good condition, presence of bicycle lanes, bicycle parking space..) or some disadvantages that can be improved. For example in Segrate the main street of the settlement is almost lacking any sidewalks. Some places are not walkking and cycling friendly due to the crowded car parking. Such analysis is interesting because it gives us an idea of what is the relationship between space and commerce in the study area. Moreover, how this can be improved and which ones are the features of relevance in order to enhance the zone towards the target of a 15 min city?

On the next page, Zoom in Municipalities, own production

COMMERCES Milano 2-3

Sesto San Giovanni

Segrate

Cologno Monzese

Vimodrone

DAILY LIFE NEEDS

OTHER NEEDS

To better understand the connotation of 15-min city, we search for four cities: Paris, Melbourne, Seattle and Shanghai. Their plan for 15/20 min city have these keywords in common: Proximity/Accessibility: Things must be close and with easy access. (fresh food, health service, schools…) Diversity: multiple services; a variety of housing types, of different sizes and levels of affordability, to accommodate many types of households. The presence of smaller-scale offices, retail and hospitality, and co-working spaces enable more people to live closer to where they work.

Green/high quality open space: enable people to breathe clean air, free of harmful air pollutants Flexibility: find multiple uses for infrastructure that already exists. Libraries, stadiums, and other buildings could be used outside their standard hours. Mobility: walking and cycling on a different environment. Public transportation: connecting people to jobs and high order services

Density: deliver housing/population at densities that make local services and transport viable

Main features

Different cities

Paris

Melbourne

Housing Housing diversity Affordable housing options Ability to age in place

Traffic Walkability Safe cycling networks Easy access to local public transportation system Transit-oriented development

Commercial and cultural services Diversity Proximity Active ground ﬂoors The night-time economy

Public space High-quality open space Green streets Flexible use

uncertain

Seattle

Shanghai

Ability to age in place

Traffic Walkability Safe cycling networks Easy access to local public transportation system Transit-oriented development

uncertain

We evaluateCommercial the six municipalities according to these and cultural services kinds of features. Based on all our previous analysis, Diversity we can draw some conclusions like this table, to help Proximity us better understand where the 15MC exists/can be Active ground ﬂoors possible. The night-time economy Public space High-quality open space Green streets

WALKIBILITY

HEALTH

WELL-BEING

GREEN STREETS

PARKS

STREET

SPORTS

SHOPPING

TREES MOBILITY

STORE

MULTIPLE

WIDESPREAD ACCESSIBILITY

ALL AGES

WATER

HOUSING CLOSER TO WORK

Flexible use

JOBS

SCHOOL FRESH FOOD

DIVERSITY DENSITY

15-MINUTE CITIES

WELL-CONNECTED

LIVEABLE SMART

WELFARE

CONVENIENT

LOCAL ECONOMICS

PROXOMITY SERVICE

DAILY NEEDS

COMMUNITY

FLEXIBILITY

LIVING LOCALLY

HEALTH CARE

SAFE ENVIRONMENT GREEN CYCLE

NEIGHBOURHOOD

SOCIAL COHESION

ACTIVILITY PEDESTRIAN

AFFORDABLE

CARE PARTICIPATION

NETWORKS

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

LOCAL

NIGHTLIFE

LEGEND relatively poor general relatively good

MUNICIPIO2 Housing diversity Safe cycling networks Walkability Easy access to local public transportation system Accessibility Diversity of commerce The night-time economy High-quality open space Green streets

MUNICIPIO3

SEGRATE

VIMODRONE

COLOGNO MONZESE

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

Conclusion To conclude, research shows how often municipalities presents their own characteristics in terms of commerce, and they’re not necessarily connected to each other. Through an analysis of the urban tissue, commerce, mobility network and density, Municipio 2 and 3 appear much different from Segrate, Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone. Viale Monza and Viale Padova define multiple assets of the municipality. It is also noteworthy to say that there’s an “attraction” mechanism towards Municipio 2 and 3 from both the rest of Milan and the municipality in question. Density of settlements and street network, diversity of commerce, easy access to public transport, friendly walking environment all contribute to it. Although the prior presents a lot of fitting characteristics for a 15 Minutes City policy implementation, the latter shows very different patterns that must be considered: partial mobility isolation does not provide for a 15MC, which is also confirmed by the existence of island of malls instead of commercial strips. In complement of these assumptions, we had several keywords to help us with the feasibility of the 15 minutes city.

Bibliography Appleton, J. (2020) The 15-Minute City: Nurturing Communities For Smarter Cities. Bee Smart City. Retrieved from https://hub.beesmart.city/en/strategy/the-15-minute-city-nurturing-communities-for-smarter-cities Bürklin, T. & Peterek, M. (2008) Basic Urban Building Blocks. Birkhauser Architecture. C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group & C40 Knowledge Hub. (2020) How to build back better with a 15-minute city. C40. Retrieved from https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/?language=en_US Citroni, S. & Coppola, A. (2020) The emerging Civil Society. Governing through leisure activism in Milan. Leisure Studies. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/44099666/The_emerging_Civil_Society_Governing_through_leisure_ activism_in_Milan_2020_ Comune di Milano. (2012) Database Topografico Strato 06 – Vegetazione. Comune di Milano. Retrieved from https://geoportale.comune.milano.it/ATOM/SIT/DBT2012/DBT2012_STRATO_06_Service.xml Comune di Milano. (2019) Attività commerciali: media e grande distribuzione. SIAD – Unità Sviluppo Open Data. Retrieved from https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds50-economia-media-grande-distribuzione Comune di Milano. (2020) Popolazione e Famiglie. Sistema Statistico Integrato. Retrieved from http://sisi. comune.milano.it Comune di Milano. (2021) Negozi e locali storici georeferenziati nel Comune di Milano. SIAD – Unità Sviluppo Open Data. Retrieved from https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds612_negozi_e_locali_storici_georeferenziati_nel_comune_ di_milano Comune di Milano. (2021) Piste Ciclabili. SIAD - Unità Sviluppo Open Data. Retrieved from https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds60_infogeo_piste_ciclabili_localizzazione_ Comune di Milano. (2021) Stazioni BikeMi. SIAD – Unità Sviluppo Open Data. Retrieved from https:// dati.comune.milano.it/it/dataset/ds65_infogeo_aree_sosta_bike_sharing_localizzazione_ Coppola, A. (2019) The differentiation of the trivial. The bars in NoLo (Milan) as micro-publics in the age of urban super- diversification. Lo Squaderno. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/40337811/The_differentiation_of_the_trivial_The_bars_in_NoLo_ Milan_as_micro_publics_in_the_age_of_urban_super_diversification_2019_

Duany, A. & Stueteville, R. (2021) Defining the 15-minute city. CNU.org. Retrieved from https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/02/08/defining-15-minute-city Glover, J. (2020) The 15-minute city: How close is Chicago?. Metropolitan Planning Council. Retrieved from https://www.metroplanning.org/news/8917/The-15-minute-city-How-close-is-Chicago Immobiliare.it. (2021) Quotazioni immobiliari nella provincia di Milano. ISTAT. (2012) Censimento popolazione 2011. Istat. Retrieved from http://demo.istat.it/index.php ISTAT. (2020) Censtest – Lombardia. Istat. Retrieved from https://esploradati.censimentopopolazione.istat.it/databrowser/#/it/censtest/ITC4/IT1,DF_DCSS_ ISTR_LAV_PEN_REG_15_ITC4,1.0 Luscher, D. (2020) Introducing the 15-Minute City Project. Medium. Retrieved from https://luscher.medium.com/introducing-the-15-minute-city-project-b9c0562e1725 Ministero Economia e Finanza. (2019). Dati su base comunale: redditi e principali variabili Irpef. Dipartimento delle Finanze. Retrieved from https://www1.finanze.gov.it/finanze3/analisi_stat/index.php?tree=2019 OpenStreetMap. (2016) Mappa Dei Negozi Di Abbigliamento In Italia. DatiOpen.it. Retrieved from http:// www.datiopen.it/it/opendata/Mappa_dei_negozi_di_abbigliamento_in_Italia Regione Lombardi. (2020) Rete Ferroviaria. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Territorio/Rete-Ferroviaria/g3rc-ia6j Regione Lombardia. (2014) Ortofoto: Volo GAI 1954. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from http:// www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_view=editPublishedMetadata&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_uuid=%7B8ADC3115-C245-41E4-8C58026AD7CD3DFE%7D&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_fromAsset=true Regione Lombardia. (2016) Scuole in Lombardia. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&p_p_ state=maximized&p_p_state=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ view=editPublishedMetadata&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ uuid=%7BDDF3E399-2BF1-4A3A-B62A-5255B1D83BC0%7D&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ fromAsset=true&rid=local

Regione Lombardia. (2017) Architetture storiche. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&p_p_ state=maximized&p_p_state=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ view=editPublishedMetadata&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ uuid=%7B29DA690D-D717-4D66-ABEF-6F8FAFAFD06F%7D&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_ fromAsset=true&rid=local Regione Lombardia. (2018). Uso e copertura del suolo in Regione Lombardia. Direzione Generale Territorio e Urbanistica. Retrieved from https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioServizio/servizi-einformazioni/Enti-e-Operatori/Territorio/sistema-informativo-territoriale-sit/uso-suolo-dusaf/usosuolo-dusaf Regione Lombardia. (2019) Strade, ferrovie, metropolitane. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_view=editPublishedMetadata&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_uuid=%7B17D4656F-2E9D-4951-9DC14AD32C0959B1%7D&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_fromAsset=true&rid=local Regione Lombardia. (2020) Grandi Strutture di Vendita. Regione Lombardia. Retrieved from http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_view=editPublishedMetadata&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_uuid=%7BBF9AC818-DBE1-4EFA-89E34A7E4436825A%7D&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_fromAsset=true&rid=local Regione Lombardia. (2021) Mappa Negozi locali e botteghe storici. Regione Lombardia. Regione Lombardia. (n.d.) Database Topografico Regionale. Direzione Generale Territorio e Protezione Civile. Retrieved from https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioServizio/servizie-informazioni/Enti-e-Operatori/Territorio/sistema-informativo-territoriale-sit/databasetopografico-regionale/database-topografico-regionale

Retrieved from https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Commercio/Mappa-Negozi-locali-e-botteghe-storici/vs7g-6nxx Retrieved from https://www.immobiliare.it/mercato-immobiliare/lombardia/milano-provincia/ Ville de Paris. (2021) Paris ville du quart d’heure, ou le pari de la proximité. Retrieved from https://www.paris.fr/dossiers/paris-ville-du-quart-d-heure-ou-le-pari-de-la-proximite37#:~:text=La%20ville%20du%20quart%20d’heure%2C%20c’est%20défendre,à%205%20minutes%20 à%20vélo Werz, J. (n.d.) Planning the cities of the future with the “15-minutes city” concept. EHT Zurich. Retrieved from https://wp-prd.let.ethz.ch/WP0-CIPRF91243/chapter/planning-the-cities-of-the-future-with-the15-minute-city-concept/

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Group C [Groups 1+5]

Walkability and mobility systems

Beatrice Massironi Noushin Jahangiri Rayan Ahmed Saeed Salih Sadaf Yazdani Sara Fattorni Susanna Lill Antonia Paarmann Thomas Jean Raymond Lucaora Vicente Sisla Zeron Yang Yu Yousra Yagoub Ahmed Mohamed

Table of contents 1 A general framework of the area 1.1 Demographic analysis 1.2 Land uses 1.3 Transportation system 1.4 Borders and boundaries 1.5 Green and blue infrastructure 1.6 Services and attractors 1.7 Density of daily services by population category 1.8 Conclusion of the analysis

8 10 12 14 16 17 18 22 24

2 selection of areas 2.1 Crescenzago Neighborhood 2.2 San felice Neighborhood 2.3 Centrale Neighborhood 2.4 Sesto 1 Neighborhood 2.5 Sesto 2 Neighborhood

28 30 32 34 36 38

3 Conclusions

Bibliography

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Par A general framew

rt 1 work of the area

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1 General framework of the area “Walking has three dimensions. The first is practical dimension. It is easy to get somewhere by a walk when the distance is short. The second impact is the social dimension. Meeting with other people increases social cohesion. Old cities had the central square. In fact, the evening walk around square has a social dimension. The third impact of walking is health impact.” This quote by Zdena Dobesova taken from the book “Walkability Index in the Urban Planning: A Case Study in Olomouc City” is the starting point of an analysis of the walkability and of the mobility system, in particular the soft one, and of the perception of the surrounding environment for the people who live there and who live it every day.

most densely populated regions of northern Italy and of Italy in general. This high population density is certainly a value for the development of a 15 minutes city and consequently of a good walkability. Some analyzes have been carried out on the entire area to better understand its morphology and its functioning. Other, more in-depth analyzes have been carried out on smaller areas chosen as an example of some recurring situations in which situations occur and different landscapes are created. For each segment, the elements mentioned above are taken into consideration, which are the basis of walkability: the practical, social and health dimensions.

The three dimensions of walkability mentioned above are the basis of the analyzes that will be presented below: the practical dimension, i.e. the presence or absence of some elements such as sidewalks, lighting, pedestrian crossings, trees and green areas. The social dimension has to do with the services that those who move in the area can reach and also with sociality and social cohesion. The last impact is that on health in fact many researches show how people who manage to remain active even when they are elderly live longer and healthier lives, moreover in car-dependent communities, it is easier for the population to develop pathologies related to the absence or the lack of physical activity such as overweight and obesity. In the context of a 15 minutes city, walkability is an important element to ensure that people can reach all the necessary services, indispensable and not, even without using means of transport and being able to walk in a welcoming and safe environment. The area under analysis includes an opening of the Milanese territory, municipalities 1 and 2, the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni, the municipality of Vimodrone, the municipality of Cologno Monzese and that of Segrate. We are located in Lombardy, which is one of the 8

On the next page, framing map of the area under analysis

Sesto S. Giovanni

Cologno Monzese

11.7 km2

8.4 km2

Municipio 2

Vimodrone

12.6 km2

4.8 km2

Municipio 3

Segrate

14.3 km

17 km2

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.1 Demographic analysis With this demographic analysi we first analyzed the population density for each area, i.e. Municipalities 2 and 3 of the municipality of Milan divided into NIL, nuclei of local identity, and the other municipalities such as Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate. The density analysi is very useful for the purposes of 15 minutes city because it gives us the idea of how many people actually live in a certain place and consequently how many and what services would be required. We can see how the lower density is found on the outskirts of the municipality of Segrate while the closer you get to the center of the city of Milan, the higher the density also gradually become. The second part of this analysis deals with the data relating to the different age groups in each section, also

this type of analysi is linked to the theme of walkability, always for the type of services that a certain class of population needs. To do this, in addition to the total population of each section, the percentages relating to each part of the population divided into: Children 0-5 years, minors 0-17 years, adults 18-34 years, seniors over 65 and finally, older people over 85 years old. We can see that in most areas the highest percentage of the population is represented by people over 65 years of age.

On this page, top Percentage of Population Charts On this page, bottom Population density map

NIL 10 : CENTRALE

NIL 18 : PARCO LAMBRO

NIL 23 : LAMBRATE

residens: 18.546

residens: 19.546

residens: 11.319

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

4,9% 14,0% 21,0% 20,7% 3,3%

4,6% 14,4% 16,0% 29,3% 5,5%

NIL 12 : MACIACHINI

NIL 19 : PADOVA

residens: 26.192

residens: 37.082

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,1% 15,5% 17,9% 24,0% 4,2%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

6,6% 17,1% 18,7% 19,7% 3,7%

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 81.706

5,5% 14,7% 19,3% 22,2% 3,7%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

3,9% 17,3% 21,1% 24,9% 4,2%

NIL 13 : GRECO

NIL 20 : LORETO

COLOGNO MONZESE

residens: 29.209

residens: 44.863

residens: 47.000

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,6% 15,6% 18,1% 22,6% 4,3%

NIL 16 : VLE MONZA

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 18.546

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,9% 15,6% 18,4% 22,7% 3,1%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,5% 14,5% 22,2% 17,9% 2,8%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,0% 15,0% 17,7% 23,3% 3,8%

residens: 36.232

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

15,4%

22,2% 24,2% 3,4%

residens: 16.856

residens: 16.947

1,7%

17,8%

residens: 61.891

prevalent use of land: residential

20,3%

4,1%

VIMODRONE

NIL 22 : CITTA’ STUDI

19,3%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

NIL 21 : BUENOS AIRES

NIL 17 : ADRIANO

6,7%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

4,3% 18,8% 20,9% 22,4% 3,1%

SEGRATE

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 35.597

4,8% 13,7% 17,7% 25,3% 4,8%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

4,1% 19,3% 19,6% 24,0% 3,4%

1.2 Land uses

On this page, bottom Legend of the Land uses mao from DUSAF

On this page, top Land uses map based on DUSAF Phostos: google maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.3 Transportation system

LEGEND Pedestrian paths 3/11/2021

Cycle paths

33 Via Luciano Lama - Google Maps

BikeMi parking 33 Via L uciano Lama Bike parking

Sest o San Gio vanni, Lombar dy

Via Luciano Lama

Google

Image captur e: Sep 2020

Cologno Monzese

Street View

On this page, bottom Pedestrian routes map

Via Conte Rosso

Via Edmondo de Amicis

Photos: Google Maps

M2 M1 M2 M1

M1 M1

M1 M3

M3 M2

M2 M2

LEGEND Train lines Train station

Metro lines

Metro stations Tram lines Bus lines Bus stops Public parking lots Public interchange parking lots

Metro line - Sesto 1° Maggio FS

metro line - Cologno Nord

On this page, top Map of public transport and accessibility Photos: Google Maps, Milano website

Tram line - Ortica

Bus line - SP103

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.4 Borders and boundaries

Infrastructural Boundaries

Railway Highway and Expressway Transportation buffer zone Crossing Points (Zebra Crossing) Crossing Points (Overpass, Underpass)

On this page, top Map of the bounderies Photos: google maps

1.5 Green and blue infreastucture

On this page, top Map of the green areas Photos: google maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1. 6 Services a

Educational services

Cultural services

Kindergarten Primary schools

Theaters Cinemas

Elementary schools

Museums

High Schools

Libraries

Universities

Cultural and art associations Religious facilities

Commercial Facilities Mall Market Supermarket

Health Facilties Hospital 18

and Attractors

Administrativ facilities Post offices City hall Police station

Green spaces parks garden Dog parks

Leisure services Sports facilities Playground urban squares Swimming areas NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

administrative

commercial

City halls (15 minutes walking)

Markets (15 minutes walking)

Police offices (15 minutes walking)

Supermarkets (15 minutes walking)

leisure

Playgrounds (15 minutes

Sport facilities (15 minu

health

Post offices (15 minutes walking) 20

Pharmacies(15 minutes walking)

Urban suares (15 minu

educational

walking)

green spaces

Elementary schools (15 minutes walking)

Dog parks (15 minutes walking)

utes walking)

Nurseries (15 minutes walking)

Gardens (15 minutes walking)

utes walking)

Primary schools (15 minutes walking)

Parks (15 minutes walking) NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.7 Density of daily services by population category What is the goal? To identify the quality of daily services offered to the people according to their place of life and their age. What type of population are being studied? They are childrens, adults and elders. Method: Determine the daily services most useful to each category Map those services on the territory 3) Create isochrones for each service using the ORS tool 4) Overlay the services related to each population 5) Analyze and identify service rich and service poor areas

Services for each category: Children: Schools Sport facilities Playgrounds Elders: Cultural services Shops Green spaces/Urban Squares Adults: Shops Sport facilities Administrative facilities

Elder (over 65 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones (15 minutes walking distance) Markets Supermarkets Malls Post offices Police offices

On this page, bottom Map of the density of services for elderly

Childrens (from 1 to 16 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones (15 minutes walking distance) Nurseries Preeschools Primary schools Elementary schools Playgrounds Sport facilities

On this page, top Map of the density of services for childrens On this page, bottom Map of the density of services foradults

Adults (from 18 to 64 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones Pharmacies Urban squares Markets

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.8 Conclusion of the analysis

What makes a good 15-minute neighborhood? Mixed Land Use Different functions within the neighborhood (residential, work, green spaces, services,...) Connection to Public Transportation Network A good connection to the public transport network, with at least one metro station within 15 minutes of the residential areas Green Spaces Access to at least one park within 15 minutes of the residential areas and importance concentration of trees. Quality of daily services A variety of services adapted to the needs of different population age categories Accessibility No major obstacles (infrastructure) isolating the neighborhood from the rest of the city Density and Mixed Population In terms of income and age.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Par Selection

rt 2 n of areas

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2 Selection of areas In the second part of our work we wanted to take as example some more specific areas to be more precise in the analyzes and to be able to observe the territory in greater in detail. From the previous analyzes we have deduced five areas with different characteristics that can later be searched in the whole area under analysis. The selected areas are: Central District, Crescenzago District, Sesto 1 and 2 districts in Sesto San Giovanni and San Felice district. CENTRALE NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen as an area in which a sort of 15 minutes city already exists due to the density and service conditions. It is located in an area near the center of Milan and close to the Centrale Station, which makes it very accessible and where the urban attention to the walkability aspect is also very high and can be seen from the width of the sidewalks and the pedestrian and closed spaces to the traffic. In addition, of course, to the very high number of shops along all the roads.

forecasts, it can be seen how some vacant areas that today create an ugly landscape will soon be converted into a large center where different types of services will be found thus making the area potentially open to the development of walkability and less car-dependent SAN FELICE NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen as an example of an area where it is not possible to create walkability for the 15 minutes city. Although the urban landscape is pleasant for the inhabitants and is also equipped with pedestrian walkways surrounded by greenery, the first major problem is the lack of some essential services that are not present in the central block of the specially created district and due to its planning cannot be added later. Another negative note is its position, at the extreme east of the municipality of Segrate which leads it to have a very bad and poor accessibility as regards public transport.

CRESCENZAGO NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen because even if it is part of the milan municipality and the density and concentration of services are similar to those of the city center, it is a little more displaced and for this reason its accessibility is affected, especially through public transport. SESTO 2 NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen because although it is not part of the municipality of Milan and is actually located in the suburbs, it has a good concentration of services and a discrete accessibility, negative note are the unused and empty spaces that render the quality of the space and of the landscape worse than it could be. SESTO 1 NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen even if the optimal conditions for the development of a 15 minutes city do not exist, but from the plan 28

On the next page, Map of the selected areas for the following analysis

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.1 Crescenzago Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Not always Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? Close to the big roads Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? A few

STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossing sat each intersection? Yes

COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? Yes, along Via Padova mostly

LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Not always Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Just in an area

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.2 San Felice Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? Sometimes when the pedestrian uses the paths in the park to move STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes, mostly LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Yes Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Yes, principally the paths inside the parks

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? No Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? No COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? No, there is a cluster of shops in the centre of the neighbourhood

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.3 Centrale Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Yes Are there trees and plants that provide shade? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? A little in a few hours of the day Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? No COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? Yes, especially along Via Vitruvio and Corso Buenos Aires

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.4 Sesto San Giovanni 1 Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Not always Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? No Is there noise pollution? Yes Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? Yes

STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes

COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? No

LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? No Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Not always

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.5 Sesto San Giovanni 2 Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? No Is there noise pollution? No Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? Yes

STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes

COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? No

LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Not always Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Not always

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

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Par Conclu

rt 3 usions

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Conclusions The whole study area has been divided between 5 walkability categories, according to the areas previously presented. This classification considers the presence of all different services previously mapped, transport, buildings, vacant spaces, the size, quality and connectivity of sidewalks, the permeability of land uses, the residential densities, and the continuity of the urban tissue (or how isolated the areas might be).

are not well connected with the main city, but still constitute a continuous urban tissue. This part of the city is characterised, on one hand, by the presence of open, agricultural and green spaces, as well as areas related to the secondary sector, but still some considerable residential areas. On the other hand, there are not as many services and public transport. Because of these characteristics, they refrain from constituting 15-minute cities.

The limits of the classification areas are not exact, since the time and amount of work done did not allow for such a precise measurement. Also, some characteristics inside the same area might differ slightly since its classification considers a wide variety of aspects, all of them thought to be important for this final map.

The category 4 concerns the area to the north of Sesto San Giovanni, which is isolated by its surrounding vacant spaces. Some of these spaces are part of an ongoing redevelopment project, in the “ex Falck” area, which may be able to improve the offer of services and accessibility to public transport, and therefore constitute a 15-minute city that does not exist today.

Regarding the presence of services, this evaluation is based on the isochrones previously presented. These are made considering a 15-minute walking distance, after a careful mapping of all different kinds of services existent in the area. This mapping has helped correlate the presented analysis with the concept of the 15-minute city, and has also based the delimitation of the categories presented in this final map.

The category 5 regards two areas that can be considered “islands” in the city, in the sense that they have most of the services needed but are to a certain degree disconnected from the urban tissue.

The category 1 corresponds to the closer classification to 15-minute cities. These areas have a good supply of public transport, all the services needed on the resident’s daily life, are part of the main city core urban tissue, and therefore have lots of built area, and a good sidewalks network. This area is located southeast of the study area, closer to the city center. The category 2 represents areas that have, similarly to category 1, a continuous urban tissue, good supply of public transport and a good network of sidewalks, but lack a few services. This category is close to becoming a 15-minute city, but still needs some improvement so its residents do not need to commute to the other parts of the city to access the lacking services. The category 3 represents areas that have a good potentiality to constitute 15-minute cities. They 42

On the next page, resume map of the different zones of the area

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Bibliography Zdena Dobesova, Walkability Index in the Urban Planning, Palacký University in Olomouc Czech Republic Hearth Foundation https://walking.heartfoundation.org.au/uploads/pdf-files/Community Walkability_Editable Urban Design LA http://urbandesignla.com/resources/LAWalkabilityChecklist.php Geoportale http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/ Schede piano dei servizi piano di governo del territorio PGT, Piano di Governo del Territorio. Piano dei servizi: ALLEGATO 3 LE 88 SCHEDE NIL Tuttitalia.it: https://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/statistiche/popolazione-eta-sesso-stato-civile-2020 Comune Sesto San Giovanni, Attuazione Falck e programmi complessi https://sestosg.net ATM Milano https://www.atm.it/it/Pagine/default.aspx Google Maps https://www.google.it/maps Google Earth https://earth.google.com/web/search/milano

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<?xml version=”1.0”?><svg width=”612.164” height=”613.171” xmlns=”http://www. w3.org/2000/svg”> <title>blue person symbol</title> <g> N E I G H B O R H O O D P L A N S F O R T H E 1 5 - M I N C I T Y <title>Layer 1</title> D <path Group d=”m302.803009,90.423897” stroke=”#ffffff” fill=”#56aaff” id=”path2457”/> <g id=”svg_1”> <path d=”m174.803009,128.26001c22.550995,0 40.834991,-18.284012 40.834991,-40.836113c0,-22.551003 -18.283997,-40.833996 -40.834991,40.833996c-22.552002,0 -40.834015,18.282993 -40.834015,40.833996c0,22.552101 18.282013,40.836113 40.834015,40.836113z” fill=”#0087bf” id=”path2455”/> <path d=”m133.105011,137.27301c-28.918015,0 -52.173004,23.583984 -52.173004,52.999985l0,125.375015c0,24.375 35.672989,24.375 35.672989,0l0,114.642014l8.444,0l0,313.906967c0,32.58905 47.503006,31.630066 47.503006,0l0,182.219971l8.182007,0l0,182.219971c0,31.630066 47.764984,32.58905 47.764984,0l0,-313.906967l8.247009,0l0,114.642014c0,24.561981 35.487,24.561981 35.421997,0l0,-124.625015c0,-27.125 -21.063995,-53.693985 -52.813995,-53.693985l-86.248993,-0.056z” fill=”#0087bf” id=”path2459”/> </g> <g id=”svg_2”> <path d=”m403.088959,127.795807c22.550995,0 40.835022,-18.283989 40.835022,-40.83609c0,-22.550995 -18.284027,-40.833996 -40.835022,40.833996c-22.551971,0 -40.834015,18.283001 -40.834015,40.833996c0,22.552101 18.282043,40.83609 40.834015,40.83609z” fill=”#00007f” id=”svg_3”/> <path d=”m361.390961,136.808807c-28.917999,0 -52.173004,23.584015 -52.173004,53l0,125.375031c0,24.375 35.673004,24.375 35.673004,0l0,114.642029l8.444,0l0,313.907043c0,32.588989 47.502991,31.630005 47.502991,0l0,-182.220032l8.182007,0l0,182.220032c0,31.630005 47.765015,32.588989 47.765015,0l0,-313.907043l8.247009,0l0,114.64202 9c0,24.561981 35.487,24.561981 35.421967,0l0,-124.625031c0,-27.125 -21.063995,53.694 -52.813995,-53.694l-86.248993,-0.056z” fill=”#00007f” id=”svg_4”/> Fatima Siddig </g> Francesco Bertoni </g> Jiahuan Li </svg> Michele Sinisi

Socio-demographic

Rana Ali Xin Liao Yi Man Yingqian Zhu

Contents

04 History Introduction

06 New Reassessment

Abstract

A new reassessment for MUNICIPIO 2&3 with three districts adjacent

Selection of 15mc

Tapping Into Demographic

Superimposition

Intensified tapping into socialdemographic.

Superimposition between demographic and reassessment.

Bibliography

Output potential area for 15 minutes city

History Introduction

Municipio 2 and 3: the Berutian city Up to the end of the 19th-beginning of the 20th century the area surrounding the external ringroad of Milan (Viale Umbria, Viale Molise…) featured a scattered settlement with a constellation of villages and farmhouses mainly devoted to agriculture. Centers such as Sesto San Giovanni and Cologno Monzese did exist at the time but they were small villages, mainly farming-oriented. The first two municipal plans, Beruto (1884-1913) and Pavia-Masera (1912-1934), the latter being considered a mere continuation of the first , designed the urban expansion of the first half of the 20th century. A compact, dense city (35.71 sqm/in) characterised by large residential, rationalist neighborhoods delimeted by tree-lined avenues (like the above-mentioned external ringroad). The most significative example of the “Berutian” Milan is the Città Studi-Politecnico area. The industrial nature of the city was clear already and it was favored by a new semicircular railroad, the actual Passante (Stations of Farini, Greco, Lambrate, Porta Romana, Rogoredo, Porta Genova San Cristoforo). The economic boom, Sesto San Giovanni and Milan’s industrial Post-metropolis. Athough in the first half of the 20th century the industrial nature of the city was clear already, the real territorial revolution came with the Economic Boom of the 50s. The revolution is tangible both in demographic and morphological terms: the population of the municipality peaked to an unprecendented 1.7 millions while the urban area gradually incorporated the surroundings creating today’s Milan’s Post-Metropolis. Sesto San Giovanni is the city-symbol of this process to the point it has been defined a small Manchester . Cities to the north-west of Milan were already characterised by the prototextile industry as they exploited the hydroeletric power of the rivers and canals flowing from the Northern lakes to the central flat. The first modern industries in Sesto appeared indeed in the end of the 19th century and were dedicated to silk. Then, starting from the 1910s, enterpreneurs like Ernesto Breda and Fausto Marelli settled here their steel and automobile industries. The settlement was until the 70s characterized with a strong working-class identity and Sesto was fundamental for resistance against Fascism in WW2 and the center of labour struggles in the 50s, 60s and 70s. The dismissal of all the industries in the 80s left the territory with unprecedented material for industrial archeology , in some cases of high Historical value.

Northwestern Milan today: variety of functions and typologies. Today, as stated also in the Strategic Plan of the Metropolitan city of Milan , given its density and position, Sesto and the Nord-Milano area aim to strengthen their tertiary and jobformation sector and many are the international firms that are chosing Sesto to locate their headquarters or some of their branches. The transformation of the many vacant post-industrial lands into open spaces and parks (mainly the ex-Area Falck redevelopment project) is a great opportunity to ameliorate the liveability and attractiveness of the city, while the vacant industrial buildings can accomodate several secondary and tertiary sector activities. As of the above-mentioned Strategic Plan, the future development of the Adda-Martesana area (including Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate) aims to sensibly different goals that mainly focus on the enhancement of the natural and historical landscape along the canals and the Idroscalo and the enhancement of leisure and sports facilities. This objective seems indeed to better fit an area that, differently from Sesto San Giovanni, doesn’t present significative industrial heritage, it doesn’t have a particular “Critical mass” in terms of density, it isn’t as “Fragmented” and, especially in the case of Segrate (See San Felice and Peschiera Borromeo settlements), is prone to hosting middle-high class residences rather than tertiary-sector hubs. This being said, together with the consolidated city area of Municipio 2 and 3, the highest in terms of density both of population and services, the variety of functions and urban morphology typologies of the selected area is a great opportunity for future development. Although The Municipio 2 and 3 areas and Sesto San Giovanni may perform better against the idea of the 15 minutes city as a result of higher concentration of population, services and a higher variety of the latters, Cologno, Vimodrone and Segrate balance this polarity towards a more dispersed, nature-connected system. With the right urban and policy design, all these peculiarities can be fullfilled and offered within easy reach for every inhabitant.

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01 NEW REASSESSMENT 1.General map of the area

On this page Location map

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On the left, a mapping of the main ongoing projects divided per district (Municipio 2, 3) and municipality (Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Segrate). The taxonomy for the ongoing projects responds to three macro areas: green: New parks, green and blue dynamics, sustainable mobility. For municipio 2, Milan’s PGT aims at enhancing and expanding the green system along the berutian street grid. The Re-Lambro embraces, among others, the municipalities of Vimodrone, Cologno and Sesto San Giovanni and it is aimed to ameliorate the green and sustainable mobility system all along the Lambro sriver section. Violet: redevelopment of vacant areas. There are 3 main ongoing projects under this category: the redevelopment of the ex Falck Area into a new a park, the redevelopment of Lambrate Railway yard and the transformation of the ex Innocenti-Maserati factory (Rubattino) into a new park. Blue: New policies and betterment of the existing settlement. Apart from the redevelopment of the Loreto and Central Station squares, this part of the city is buzzing with participatory policies (Nolo district) and tactical urbanism towards the enhancement of 15m cities (Piazze aperte Project).

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2.Dwelling 2.1Urban texture

Legend Residential Building Other Building

it obviously shows that majority of buildings locates intensively at the south and the west, comparing with the east and the north with low density. And the density decreases gradually from bottom to top. In addition, the right part of the whole area is filled

with a quite few builings in standing alone while the left part is distributed in large expanse and concentrate in groups.

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2.2Housing type

The Northside

it mainly adopts low-rise row with high density and high-rise solidarity with low density. The majority locates at the left side with sporadic distribution layout.

The Eastside

It mainly adopts low-rise courtyard and city block with quite high density while there is a pinch of relatively high-rise group in the middle. it has the highest density among these four areas.

The Southside

It mainly adopts low-rise building of standing alone with high density while a few groups with low desentiy stand there. The relatively low density of overall residential contributes to a better green environment.

The Westside

It mainly adopts the ribbon with different densities which decrease gradually from bottom to top. it is distributed in large expanse and concentrate in groups.

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3.Transportation The selected land area are connected to Milan and the entire Lombardy region. It can be seen that there is a highway connecting the north-south direction of the area. Line 2 connects Milan and several areas to the east of Vimodrono, and the railway is inward to connect Milan city center, and the extension is

connected to the national railway network. These transportations with the outside world are the basis for commuting between the area and the outside world.

intersection study area Rail station-study area Railway Volumn Railway Station Line2 station Motorway Metro Station-study area Metro Stations Motorway Metroway 1 2 3 4（under construction) 5 9 NIL Study Area Zoning

On this page Regional traffic map source:ISTAT,2020

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There is an evident hierarchy transport system which mainly composited of secondly road, motorway, and railway, contributing to divide the whole are into bunches of districts.

On this page Transportation map source:openstreet map

Railway Secondary Road Principal Road Motorway Water Surface Road Green Area Rail Station-study area Metro Station-study area

we have researched the distribution of diverse traffic station inside like bus stop, bus station, tramline station and railway station. Bus station literally covers the whole area while rail transit station mainly locate at the center of Milan.

On this page Traffic Station map source:openstreet map

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This aims to analyze the layout of bicycle path inside. From the map, it’s obvious that cycleways in the study area are discontinue and broken. The layout is quite uneven that there is fewer inside of Milan than outside.

On this page Slow Mobility map source:openstreet map

4.Public space 4.1 Green and blue system

Distinguishing the distribution of various blue and green facilities, it can be seen from the picture that there are few river network greenways in the entire urban area, and the main urban green spaces are concentrated in the periphery of the urban area.

On this page Green and blue system map source:openstreet map

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4.2 Open Space

Legend Cemetery Playground Park Potential Active Point

Active Pedestrian

Legend Pedestrian occupied by retail

There are bunches of streets intensively filled with diverse restaurants at the southwest side where pedestrian would be occupied at certain time. It has much potential as active open spaces to intervenve specific strategies to utilize properly.

Potential Active Point

Playgroud

Playgrounds are distributed sporadicly around the whole area.Some locates at the middle of community and some are adjacent to the street park. In general, it’s obvious that the southwest side laks sufficient open space as playground for people social gethering.

Legend Playground

Park

Paks are relatively adequate around the whole area, comparing with other open spaces. There are mainly three large park alongside the Lambo River, where they are expected to be seen as open space for people recreating but also as indispensable ecological green environment.

Legend Park

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5.Community service

As for Infrastructure system, there is an evident centralizing layout that almost intensified in the center and scattered around the periphery, especially for office. In Segrate, there is even no land for office. As for commerce facility, Although its density is higher in the southwest than in the northeast, the retail and small and medium-sized businesses in the southwest are more concentrated while the large

and medium-sized supermarkets outside the urban area are more concentrated, probably resulting from different lifestyles.

On this page 1.Retail map 2.Education Facilities map 3.Sports Facilities map 4.Hospital map 5.Office map source:Dati.lombardia. it

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In the following maps, we investigate the concentration of different landuse of community services in the 6 municipalities. We can observe municipal 2 and 3 being rich in all services, while Segrate being the poorest. Sport facilities is the only service equally distributed among the 6 municipalities. Mixed-use refers to “Residential buildings having other services in the ground floor” in this map.

On the pervious page Landuse map source:Dati.lombardia.it

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02 TAPPING INTO DEMOGRAPHIC The official estimated population of the City of Milan was 1,378,689 as of 31 December 2018, according to ISTAT, the official Italian statistical agency, up by 136,556 from the 2011 census, or a growth of about 11%. At the same date 3,250,315 people lived in Milan province-level municipality. The population of Milan today is lower than its historical peak. Thereafter, during the following decades, about one third of the population moved to the outer belt of suburbs and new satellite settlements that grew around the city proper. Today, Milan’s conurbation extends well beyond the borders of the city proper and of its special-status provincial authority: its contiguous built-up urban area was home to 5,270,000 people in 2015, while its wider metropolitan area, the largest in Italy and fourth largest in the EU, is estimated to have a population of more than 8.2 million. As of 2019, some 277,773 foreign residents lived in the municipality of Milan, representing 19.9% of the total resident population. These figures suggest that the immigrant population has more than doubled in the last 15 years. After World War II, Milan experienced two main waves of immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the early 1970s, saw a large influx of migrants from poorer and rural areas within Italy; the second, starting from the late 1980s, has been characterized by the preponderance of foreign-born immigrants. The early period coincided with the so-called Italian economic miracle of postwar years, an era of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and great public works, that brought to the city a large influx of over 400,000 people, mainly from rural and underdeveloped Southern Italy. In the last three decades, the foreign born share of the population soared. Immigrants came mainly from Africa (in particular Eritrean, Egyptian, Moroccans, Senegalese, and Nigerian), and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe , in addition to a growing number of Asians and Latin Americans . At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already had a population of foreign-born residents of approximately 58,000 (or 4% of the then

population), that rose rapidly to over 117,000 by the end of the decade . Milan’s population, like that of Italy as a whole, is mostly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. Greater Milan is also home to Protestant, Orthodox, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities. Milan has been a Christian-majority city since the late Roman Empire. Its religious history was marked by the figure of St. Ambrose, whose heritage includes the Ambrosian Rite (Italian: Rito ambrosiano), used by some five million Catholics in the greater part of the Archdiocese of Milan, which consider the largest in Europe. In addition, the city is home to the largest Orthodox community in Italy. Lombardy is the seat of at least 78 Orthodox parishes and monasteries, the vast majority of them located in the area of Milan. The main Romanian Orthodox church in Milan is the Catholic church of Our Lady of Victory (Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria), currently granted for use to the local Romanian community. Similarly, the point of reference for the followers of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Catholic church of San Vito in Pasquirolo. The Jewish community of Milan is the second largest in Italy after Rome, with about 10,000 members, Milan hosts also one of the largest Muslim communities in Italy, and the city saw the construction of the country’s first new mosque featuring a dome and minaret, since the destruction of the ancient mosques of Lucera in the year 1300. In 2014 the City Council agreed on the construction of a new mosque amid bitter political debate, since it is strenuously opposed by right-wing parties such as the Northern League.

On this page Population Regional Distribution source:ISTAT,2020

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1.Population in our area

We have collected the population numbers of different regions in 2020, and have a general understanding of the total population in each region. In terms of population, municipio 2 is the most populated area, and the Vimodrone district is the least populated area.

On this page Population of different regions Source:ISTAT ,2020

We also counted the population data of a more detailed area in order to have a clearer understanding of this area. Through subdivision, we can see that among the small areas in the south, District 21 is the most populous area.

On this page, top Population distribution map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On this page, bottom Population distribution diagram Source:ISTAT,2020

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In order to further understand the population information, we have carried out statistics on the area in each area for further calculation of population density. We have obtained the population density data information. As you can see on the map, the population density in Milan is relatively high overall. The population density in District 20 has reached

25671 inhabitant/km2. The lowest population density is Segrate. , The population density here is only 2063 inhabitant/km2.

On the previous page, top Acreage map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On this page, top Population density map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On this page, bottom Population density diagram Source:ISTAT,2020

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Street view of Minicipio 2&3

Street view of Segrate

Through the above series of analyses, we have a preliminary understanding of the approximate population, density and distribution in the study area. After analysis, we can believe that the population density and population in the urban area of Milan are higher than those outside the urban area. , We can see that there are certain differentiation differences in the urban area and surrounding areas. In order to further study the population distribution in the area, we further subdivided the site. We used the urban branch roads to divide the small blocks and studied the number of households in each small block. We found that the number of households in the city of Milan is small due to the small division of blocks. It’s not the most. Instead, there are the largest number of households in the marginal districts. The main reason for this is that the road network in the urban area is more detailed and there are fewer buildings in the block. From

the satellite screenshots, you can see that several areas Places with a larger number of households are residential areas with higher density. Compared with the more rigorous street-style houses in the urban area, the residential areas outside the urban area are relatively loosely arranged, and there are a considerable number of villa houses. In terms of population growth in several areas, we can see that the population of the four areas outside the urban area has not been increasing in the past 30 years. On the contrary, some areas have a downward trend, and the population growth rate of other areas is also very slow. Although no earlier data has been found for the two areas within the urban area, the population has grown at a relatively rapid rate in the past 20 years.

On this page, top Resident map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On this page, bottom Population growth graph Source:ISTAT,2020 NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.Population commute 2.1Commute rate

The commuting rate in this chart refers to the percentage of households who commute to and from work or school every day to the total number of households The figure is only a very rough calculation of the commute rate in Lombardy. The ratio is related to the number of people living in the family. If the family has more elderly people, the base of the denominator will increase accordingly. The numerator is the number of family members who travel to and from a certain place of work or study every day and then return in one day. On this page Commute rate map Source:ISTAT,2020

It is obvious from the figure that under the same scale, the commute rate of a large area in the center and north of the area is lower than that of other parts. Families living in the southeast to southwest of Milan have to spend a lot of time every day in their own study or workplace. Most of our venues are in areas with low commute rates. Only zones 2 and 3 near the edge of Milan have higher commute rates, and Vimodrone also has higher commute rates.

400000 350000 300000 250000

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Female

150000 100000

Total

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2.2Commute purpose analysis

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In the direction of commuting, people entering Milan from other provinces and cities in the Lombardy region accounted for the majority. In addition, the commuting movement of residents in the urban area of Milan is also huge. In terms of gender, the number of commuting for women in the urban area of Milan is much higher than that of men. (year 2011)

In 2011, most of Milan's commuting time was between 7:15 and 8:15 (63.7%), which is a privileged time that has not changed since 20 years ago. Commuters leaving the capital are of course earlier, with 22.3% leaving their homes before 7:15, compared with 5.7% of inland commuters.

600000 500000 400000 Milano

300000

Fuori Milano

200000 100000 0 study

work

In 2011, two-thirds of Milan’s 5.59 million commutes were to work, a slight decrease compared with 10 years ago. On the other hand, among the 90,000 residents who leave Milan every

total

day, work motivation dominates (95.9%), which is higher than the previous two surveys (2001 and 1991).

Source：I DATI DEL CENSIMENTO 2011 A MILANO _Analisi del pendolarismo per studio e per lavoro a Milano

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2.3Commuter analysis

In 2011, two-thirds of Milan’s 5.59 million commutes were to work, a slight decrease compared with 10 years ago. On the other hand, among the 90,000 residents who leave Milan every day, work motivation dominates (95.9%), which is higher than the previous two surveys (2001 and 1991).

On this page Commuter Diagram map Source:moovitapp.com

2.4Commuter tool selection

On this page Commuter tool selection diagram Source:moovitapp.com

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2.5 About 15minute city

Although the commuting time for each district within the design range to reach the center of Milan is about 30 minutes, the time for each district to reach the neighboring area is about 15 minutes.

On this page Commute time map

3. Age structure

As the issue of population aging is getting more and more attention, we have conducted more detailed statistics on the age structure in the region. First, analyze the average age in the region and the main age population in each region. It is found that the main population in the region is 18-64 age group, and the average age is around 45 years old. After that, a more detailed analysis of the

population of each age group in different regions was carried out, and the top three regions with the largest number of people in each age group were marked to help us conduct a more in-depth analysis around 15mc

AVERAGE AGE 44+ On this page Average age map Source：www. citypopulation.de

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3. 1 Elderly population（65+） First, statistics are made on the number of elderly people in the region through data. The statistics found that, on the whole, the proportion of elderly people in the urban area is generally higher than that in the outside, and the aging problem in the urban area may be more serious.

On this page, top Elderly population map Source:www.citypopulation.de On this page, bottom Elderly population diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

3. 2 Juvenile population（0-17） In the statistics of the juvenile population, we found that the proportion of the juvenile population in the urban area is also higher than that in the out-of-city area. It may be that the better quality of teaching and amusement facilities in the city area makes the young population more concentrated.

On this page, top Juvenile population map Source:www.citypopulation.de On this page, bottom Juvenile population diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

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3. 3 Adult population（18-64） Different from the above-mentioned population structure distribution, the young population is more concentrated in the four areas outside the urban area. Among them, Vimodrono has the largest proportion of young people, accounting for 60% of the total population. It can be seen from the Google map that this area is mainly dominated by residential buildings and green areas, and the living environment is better, which may attract more young people to live here.

On this page, top Adult population map Source:www.citypopulation.de On this page, bottom Adult population diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

4.Gender structure

In the statistical chart of gender structure, we find that no matter which region, there are slightly more women than men, reflecting a slight imbalance in the ratio of men to women in each region. Among them, within the urban area(Milan), the gender ratio of men and women is relatively more different. On this page Gender population map Source:www.citypopulation.de

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5.Family structure

On this page Family structure map Source:www.citypopulation.de

For the statistics of family population structure, we first counted the average number of households in the five major regions. According to the data, the average family population in the urban area of Milan is the smallest, only 1.71. This shows that in the city of Milan, the amount of two-person households is the most. The largest number, followed by single-person families; and the largest family population is Vimodrono, and this area is also the area with the largest proportion of young people. It can be understood that many young people choose to start their own families here. Families in this area consist of three people. The home is dominated by a two-person family.

The household statistics graphs in different regions are basically consistent with the previous regional population graphs.

On this page Family number map Source:www.citypopulation.de

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

6.Foreign population structure As of 2019, some 277,773 foreign residents lived in the municipality of Milan, representing 19.9% of the total resident population. These figures suggest that the immigrant population has more than doubled in the last 15 years. After World War II, Milan experienced two main waves of immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the early 1970s, saw a large influx of migrants from poorer and rural areas within Italy; the second, starting from the late 1980s, has been characterized by the preponderance of foreign-born immigrants. The early period coincided with the so-called Italian economic miracle of postwar years, an era of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and great public works, that brought to the city a large influx of over

400,000 people, mainly from rural and underdeveloped Southern Italy. In the last three decades, the foreign born share of the population soared. Immigrants came mainly from Africa , and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe , in addition to a growing number of Asians (in particular Chinese, Sri Lankans and Filipinos) and Latin Americans (Mainly South Americans). At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already had a population of foreign-born residents of approximately 58,000 (or 4% of the then population), that rose rapidly to over 117,000 by the end of the decade (about 9% of the total).

On this page, left Foreign population map Source:citypopulation.de(web) On this page, right Foreign population map diagram Source:citypopulation.de(web)

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

03 SUPERIMPOSITION Through the previous research, we have noticed that the aging problem in the region is becoming more and more prominent.

to understand the areas where the elderly may frequently frequently have activity in the area and the housing structure here.

In response to this phenomenon, we have studied several aspects that affect the 15-minute travel of the elderly in this chapter, mainly divided into two points, housing conditions and facility coverage.

After that, we established a 15-minute buffer zone for the facilities in the area to analyze and observe the areas with concentrated and insufficient coverage of facilities in the area, to help the later site selection analysis.

First of all, we conducted an analysis and research on building density and housing conditions,

1. Aging people and living condition

1.1 Concentrated population area A. Area Through the superposition of the three maps of building density, urban texture and population density, we can roughly judge the densely populated areas in the area: mainly along the two main roads viale zara and SPexSS11, a large number of people are concentrated, and secondly around Milan Central Station A large number of people are also distributed in several areas of Milan (especially the

area on the east side of the station). The population of the four areas outside Milan is mainly concentrated in the center of each area.

On the previous page, top Building density map Source:ISTAT ,2020

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

On this page, top Building density map+ texture Source:citypopulation.de(web) On this page, bottom Population overlap map Source:ISTAT,2020

B. Street Population flow map derives a more detailed area of crowd gathering based on the map people’s footprint action data. The color is orange and the darker the hue represents the denser the activity area. Mainly distributed on the south side of municipalio2 area (Central Station), the west side of municipalio3 area, and the southwest side of sesto. Through the investigation of Google Map Street View in these areas, we found that the streets in these places have relatively similar elements: convenient transportation, close to subway stations; more public spaces (squares, parks, sports venues, etc.); more commercial facilities and functional formats mixing.

On this page, top Population flow map Source:DLR global urbanfootprint On this page, bottom Google Street View

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.2 Areas where the elderly population is concentrated and living conditions A. Distribution area

The elderly population is mainly distributed on the edge of the old city, that is, the closer to the city center (zone1), the aging is not serious. On the contrary, the communities near the edge of the city are densely concentrated with more elderly communities, and they are mostly close to the main traffic road. The opposite is true in the four areas outside the city, where a large number of people gather in the center of the area, and

the elderly population is correspondingly larger. Through observation, it can be found that most of the elderly people live in apartments with a low number of floors. Except for a small number of buildings that are older, most of the buildings are of relatively good quality.

B.Housing conditions (housing type)

C.Living conditions (rent and living area per capita)

Segrate has the largest per capita living area, followed by milan, and cologno is the lowest, but Milan’s house prices and rents are higher.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

On this page Residential building street view Source:google map

2.Aging population and facilities 2.1 Public Transport Stops Bus Stop The public transport service has an Tram Stop ability to coverBuffer-5min the need of the study Volumn area. The ratioRailofstation-study public areatransport Metro Station-study area service of Municipio 2 and Municipio 3 is relatively higher than the others, which could be reached within 5 minutes around the city center. Bus_Station

Stops Bus_Station Bus Stop Tram Stop Buffer-15min Volumn Rail station-study area Metro Station-study area

On this page, top public transport-5min map Source:openstreet map(web) Stops Bus_Station

On this page, bottom

Bus Stop Tram Stop Buffer-5min Volumn Rail station-study area

public transport-15min map Source:openstreet map(web)

Metro Station-study area

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Rail 5min Volumn Rail station-study area Metro Station-study area

Rail 15min Volumn Rail station-study area Metro Station-study area

On this page, top Rail system-5min map Source:openstreet map(web) On this page, bottom Rail 5min Volumn Rail station-study area

Rail system-15min map Source:openstreet map(web)

Metro Station-study area

2.2 Cultural and school distribution Culture Culture Buffer 15min Volumn

Culture Culture Buffer 15min Volumn Schools kindergarten school university School buffer-15min Volumn

On this page, top Cultural map Source:openstreet map(web) On this page, bottom Schools kindergarten school university School buffer-15min

School map Source:openstreet map(web)

Volumn

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.3 Other service Distribution of the other facility services: it still centralized as the city center is the most densified and then Sesto San Giovanni dose. There are also a quite few community services in the Via Val di Stava even though it’s not much intensified as the center. Moreover, The center of cologno monzese is where retail and other services are concentrated.

Open Space Green Buffer 15min Open Space Volumn

Sports Sports Buffer 15min Volumn

Open Space Green Buffer 15min Open Space Volumn

On this page, top Open space map Source:openstreet map(web) On this page, bottom Sports Sports Buffer 15min Volumn

Sports field map Source:openstreet map(web)

Shops Shops Buffer 15min Volumn

Shops Shops Buffer 15min Volumn Food Food Buffer 15min Volumn

On this page, top Shops map Source:openstreet map(web) On this page, bottom Food Food Buffer 15min

Food store map Source:openstreet map(web)

Volumn

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2.4 Community service and aging people The majorityDoctors of facilities for the old dentist doctors people are private clinics and pharmacies Doctors Buffer 15min Volumn that are intensively gathered in the city center and Sesto San Giovanni. The quantity of hospital is limitedly small or even none in certain areas while the quantity of pharmacy is almost able to meet demands of the study area.

Doctors dentist doctors Doctors Buffer 15min Volumn Pharmacy Pharmacy Buffer 15min Volumn

On this page, top Doctor map Source:openstreet map(web) On this page, bottom Pharmacy Pharmacy Buffer 15min Volumn

Pharmacy map Source:openstreet map(web)

04 SELECTION OF 15MC According to the analysis in the previous chapters, we found that the public service facilities in the study area can basically cover most of the area, mixed with various types of business, and smooth traffic...provides great convenience for the living and life of the elderly. However, in a small number of areas, especially communities with large elderly populations that are not covered by public service facilities, we still need our designs and strategies to improve their living environment. This is also the area that 15mc should pay special attention to (or the area that has the potential to develop into 15mc).

Therefore, by superimposing multiple maps such as population density, age distribution, and public service coverage, we found that there are more elderly communities around SPexSS11, at the junction of M2 and M3 areas, and there is a lack of elderly people. Service Facilities. So we decided to select a few blocks in this area that were not covered by the public service as the scope of indepth research.

On this page Framwork of 15mc

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Location introduction: The research area is located in M3, which is mainly composed of two areas, ROTTOLE and FELTRE. It is adjacent to the MILANO LAMBRATE train station in the south, Lambro River in the east, and a huge regional park in the north. There is a subway station (Udine M2) in the area.

We will study the living conditions of the elderly in this area from three aspects: Built environment, Society, mobility

On this page Location map

Most land in this area is used as residential land, the aging problem in the central area is severe It is within a 15-minute walk of the subway station.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.Built environment 1.1Living condition& affordable housing

There are mainly six types of residences in this area, which are basically less than 10 stories high, and the building quality is good.

Among them, the giardino ezio lucarelli community housing is more famous (serial number 1), which is a well-equipped and affordable housing area

1.2 Open spaces

There are many community gardens in the eastern part of this area, and there are many types of public spaces (grass, sports fields, squares, children’s gardens, etc.).

The northern part of the area is adjacent to Laghetto del Parco Lambro (wild park), Parco Lambro Skatepark (skate park), Parco Lambro and many other parks. There are very wide open spaces, especially suitable for elderly activities.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.3 Promoting proximity In the area, especially the giardino ezio lucarelli community is rich in activities and the community atmosphere is good, which greatly promotes the social interaction of the residents and the harmony of the neighborhood.

Source：https://www.campoteatrale.it/i-nostriprogetti/incontri-in-gioco/foto-video/ https://www.inter.it/it/news/2020/09/28/intercampus-e-gioco-al-centro.html

2.Mobility The area Open is defined Space by Road park Lambro, railway, via Main Road Palmanova and via Rombon. Secondly Road Via Ronchi is the main Volumn Railway road in the area. Under the definition of these elements, the roads in the area form a complete pedestrian system.

Open Space Road Main Road Secondly Road Volumn Railway Open Space Rail Transport Buffer 5min Rail Transport Buffer 15min Metro Station Railway Station Volumn

Open Space Rail Transport Buffer 5min Rail Transport Buffer 15min Metro Station Railway Station Volumn

On this page,top Road network map On this page,bottom Rail transpot map

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Open Space Metro Station Railway Station Public Transport 5min Stops Volumn

On this page Public transport map

3.Society

Functi c

Open Space Function church commercial industrial kindergarten office public school Isolation Volumn

On this page Function map

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Open Space School Buffer 15min School Volumn

Open Space Open Space Buffer 5min Volumn

On this page,top School map On this page,bottom Open space map

Open Space Church 15min Church 5min Church Volumn

Open Space Food Buffer 5min Food Buffer 15min Food Retail Buffer 5min Retail Buffer 15min Retail Volumn

Open Space Food Buffer 5min Food Buffer 15min Food Retail Buffer 5min Retail Buffer 15min Retail

On this page,top Volumn Church map On this page,bottom Food shop map

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

In this area, all the facilities related to daily life can cover all the spaces within a 15 minute walk. However, due to the high degree of aging in this region, it is necessary to consider that the elderly can get the daily living facilities they need in a short travel time. We set the walking range of the elderly to 5 minutes, and found that the areas meeting the living needs of the elderly in this region are only concentrated in the community center area around Udine M2 subway station.

Open Space Doctor Buffer 5min Doctors Physiotherapy Pharmacy Buffer 5min Pharmacy Volumn

On this page,top Medical service map

Bibliography 1. Sabrina Greco (a cura di), Costruzione e trasformazione del paesaggio: la città industriale di Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, CLUP, 2002. 2. F. Oliva, P. Galluzzi., P. Vitillo, Milano: Quel che resta dei piani urbanistici, website of the Italian Order of Architects, https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/itinerario/30-milano-quel-che-resta-deipiani-urbanistici/saggio (last visited March 2021). 3. Giuseppe Valota, Streikertransport - La deportazione politica nell’area industriale di Sesto San Giovanni 1943-1945, Milano, Guerini e Associati, 2008, p. 454. 4. PGT Sesto San Giovanni, Allegato B-Beni Storico Documentali, 2019. 5.Città metropolitana di Milano Milano Metropolitana al futuro-Piano strategico triennale del territorio di Milano Aggiornamento 2019-2021, 2019. 6. ISTAT data graphs https://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/18-milano/statistiche/censimenti-popolazione/ (last visited March 2021). 7.ARUP. 2015. Shaping Ageing Neighbourhoods MILAN | GALLARATESE 8.Federica Ancona e Stefano Montrasio, Éupolis Lombardia. 2016. Mobilità pendolare in Lombardia: dati e strategie per l’analisi secondaria 9.Shanghai Urban Planning and Land Resources Adminstration Bureau. 2016. Planning Guidance of 15-minute Community-Life Circle 10.Settore, Statistica. 2011. I DATI DEL CENSIMENTO 2011_A MILANOAnalisi del pendolarismo per studio e per lavoro a Milano 11.Giugno. 2018. Schede piano dei servizi piano di governo del territorio. Schede dei nuclei di identita ’ locale.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

GROUP E (GROUP9+GROUP10)

QUINDICITY

TOWARDS WORK SUFFICIENT NEIGHBOURHOODS

BILGE SU BILDIK DELERA TOHIDI GHAMMAZ HUSNAIN HAFIZE GUL DEDE LUCA BENETTA

ANNA FANTINI NIKITA MORADI NILEENA SASIKUMAR RAHA HEJAZI STEFANO CAPITANEO

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Table of Contents

Introduction - pg. 3 1. Evaluation of Places of Work and Production - pg. 4 2. Territorial Overview - pg. 6 3. Population Overview - pg. 8 4. Workers and Work Specialization - pg. 9 5. Work Dynamics - pg. 10 -Comıng in -Goıng out 5(a). Mobility Analysis - pg. 12 6. Economic Activities - pg. 13 7. Commercial & Industrial Spaces - pg. 14 8. Work kaleido-scape - pg. 16 Conclusion - pg. 17 Bibliography - pg. 18

Introduction

In terms of spatial and functional elements of a city, a neighborhood has a critical role in its organization. A neighborhood can be defined as the space most accessible to one’s residence. Recently, there has been a growing concern towards building a reformed understanding between the well being of citizens and a well-planned neighborhood. This focus has developed theories that approach the neighborhood with a lens to review it as a city in its own capacity, with planned proximity to educational institutions, healthcare services, commute, retail, commerce, recreation, accommodation and work. This comfortable accessibility to necessities has resulted in defining a model that is called ‘The 15-Minutes City’. The COVID-19 Pandemic has prompted a debate to inculcate sustainability in urban environment and an immense aspect is associated with mobility as our current urban conditions do not entirely provide a polycentric model that is feasible for all the citizens and has an evenly distributed network of services or facilities. However, the commerce aspect which is subsequently linked to work has been densely packed in a few pockets around the city and to diffuse the activity in an efficient way remains a challenge but as the pandemic has suggested that remote working can prove to be equal-

ly productive as physical presence in an office, the future might be different for some workspaces altogether. Depending on the nature of employment, it could be argued that suitable neighborhoods should be developed or sought after with the intention to build an evenly distributed network of services to foster a polycentric urban environment with seamless accessibility for the neighborhood. The following study is centered around the subjects of ‘Work & Production’. It expands on 5 municipalities in Lombardy with the aim to explore possibilities of developing a 15-Minutes City. The investigation expands on studying infrastructure, mobility, workspaces, services and production sites in reference to the population, age groups, skillset of workers and housing. The objective remains as much on also interpreting what a 15 minute city could mean in a specific context for instance, it might not necessarily fulfill the conventional checklist for the composition of a 15 minutes city but it might provide cues to improve the environment in a way that fosters inclusivity and evenly distribution of services along with aspects that can potentially be introduced as a nudge towards a more diffused and spread out work environment that previously could have been centered in a specific part of the city.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//1_THE EVOLUTION OF THE PLAC SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

SEGRATE

//Idroscalo

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

1900

//Campary Factory

//Naviglio della Martesana

NORTH EST MILAN

//Breda Factory

//Cascina Bettolino Freddo

COLOGNO MONZESE

_AGRICULTURAL PAST...

_INDUSTRIAL MIRACLE...

Thanks to the presence of the Lambro River and the numerous natural springs, the area of the north-east of Milan has always been a very fertile land for the many crops that have grown on it over the centuries. This territory is recognizable by the presence of many farms, many of which still remain, although transformed, that, together with the occasional villas of the Milanese nobility and the various churches, have always been a reference point for the entire area of Milan as far as the agricultural world was concerned. With the construction of the Naviglio della Martesana in the 15th century, the entire area saw the construction of numerous windmills but, above all, some spinning mills for the production of silk. One example is the Filanda di Cologno Monzese, one of the first industries in Cologno to employ 100 people, in activity until 1960.

With the construction of rail links to Northern Italy and the rest of Europe, the entire area, already enjoying a favorable territory and trying to get away from the agricultural crisis of the late 19th century, became the new industrial center of the Milan area, one that satisfied the expansion needs of the city of Milan, which needed a large area in which to concentrate the major industrial projects. Especially at the center of this extraordinary evolution was Sesto San Giovanni, called the Italian Stalingrad, which over the years hosted the Breda, Ercole Marelli, Osva, Campari and Acciaierie Falck factories, while in the Lambrate area, the Innocenti factories were built. With the development of industry, the whole area was hit by a strong migratory wave and became a large and diverse melting pot, during one of the greatest economic booms ever recorded.

CES OF PRODUCTION AND WORK

1960

1980

MUNICIPIO 3 SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

//Ex-Falck Cittadella della Salute

SEGRATE

//Mondadori HQ

//Ex-Falck Factory

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

//IBM HQ

//Mediaset Studios

//Ex-Innocenti Factory

UNICIPIO 3

//Welcome, Feeling at Work project

COLOGNO MONZESE

today

_INDUSTRIAL CRISIS...

_TERTIARIZATION AND ON!

Since the mid-sixties, the whole area, following the general trend in Italy, which was heading towards the Anni di Piombo, following the great labor and social uprisings of '68, began to suffer from the crisis that hit especially the steel and metallurgical industry, the great protagonist of the whole area. The big factories, which in the previous decades had given work to thousands of people and were the symbol of the Italian economy, began to close one after the other. The first to close, and then be abandoned, was the Breda factory in 1950; in 1972, instead, the Innocenti factory in Lambrate closed, and later on the Falck factory closed. One of the few companies that managed to withstand the blow was Campari, whose HQ is still in the same place, in Sesto San Giovanni.

After the crisis of the '70s, the entire area saw a great work of tertiarization of the local economy, many companies moved their HQ and their workers here, an example is Mondadori, whose headquarters is located in Segrate or even Siemens, also based in the Municipality 2 of Milan, or IBM, also based in Segrate; in 1984, Mediaset studios opened in Cologno Monzese. Today, the attention of the metropolitan city of Milan and of the companies is mainly directed towards the requalification and regeneration of abandoned industrial plants. Examples are the project for the Cittadella della Scala, in the former Innocenti area, or the Cittadella della Salute, in the former Falck area, or the welcome, feeling at work project, in the former Rizzoli area at Crescenzago, which aims to apply a new post-covid-19 work model.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//2_TERRITORIAL OVERVIEW /

METROPOLITAN STRUCTURE AND MOBILITY NETWORKS

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//3_POPULATION OVERVIEW 11819 - 17000 17001 - 29000 29001 - 36000 36001 - 44000

_//TOTAL POPULATION

Total population SOURCE_A misura di comune 2017 / Comune di Milano 2019

44001 - 62000 62001 - 102051

110% - 135% 135% - 170% 170% - 195%

Buenos Aires, Sesto and the central area of Milan are the most populated areas. Sesto has a high density of attraction poles and also central area of Milan has a high range of mobility index to inside. The second most populated area is Colognio which also is a place of many attraction poles. Vimodrone and Lambrate has the least population, which both have also the least range of population index, and Lambrate has the least range of mobility index as well.

_//OLD AGE INDEX

Ratio of over 65 out of under 14 SOURCE_ISTAT 2011 / Comune di Milano 2019

195% - 240%

The NILS which have the highest ratio of old age compared to the whole area, are Parco lambro, Buenos Aires and Citta studi (although it is the study area and is expected to be another way). The second highest ratio of old age is allocated to Sesto, Cologno and the center of city. The lowest one is in Lambrate which is exactly located among the areas of most ratio of old age.

0.09 - 0.15 0.15 - 0.21 0.21 - 0.27

_//FOREIGNERS INDEX

Ratio between foreign resident and total population. SOURCE_ISTAT 2011 / Comune di Milano 2019

0.27 - 0.34

The highest number of foreigners are concentrated in Padova and Loreto and the eastern parts of the study area in addition to the central part of the city, have the lowest number of foreigners in themselves.

//4_WORKERS AND WORK SPECIALIZATION Tabella 1 COMUNE ADRIANO BUENOS AIRES VENEZIA CITT A STUDI LAMBR ATE LORE TO PADO VA LAMBROCIMIANO VIALE MONZA

% LOW

58,38%

% M/A

12,87%

% HIGH

28,74%

42,39%

11,96%4

4,43%

38,97% 41,58%2 43,96%1 72,20%1

14,31% 7,51% 3,89%4 0,31%1

46,71% 30,91% 2,15% 7,49%

35,69% 49,62%

7,39%5

6,91%

22,52%

27,86%

//INCIDENCE OF EMPLOYMENT IN PROFESSION Low specialized Manifacturing and construction Highly specialized

60% 40% 20%

//OCCUPATIONAL INDEX

Ratio be tw een reside nt w or kers and reside nt activ e popul atione (15 - 64)

0.77 - 0.80 0.80 - 0.83 0.83 - 0.86 0.86 - 0.89 0.89 - 0.92

SOURCE_URBAN INDEX (8MILACENSUS 2011)

_//WORK SPECIALIZATION_OCCUPATIONAL INDEX_ACTIVE POPULATION The ratio of the resident workers compared to the active population is the most in Adriano and Lambrate, Buenos Aires and the central area of Milan. The former ones are the areas with the least old-age index, so they have the most active population compared to the other areas and it means that they have the greatest number of workers, although they don’t have a high population; and the latter ones have a high population. Vimodrone is the area with the second largest index of resident workers. Also according to the map of active population, all these 4 areas have the greatest active population as Sesto has the lowest one, which also has the lowest index of occupation.

The incidence of employment in different professions is shown by the bar charts on the map. The highest percentage of low specialized employment is in Padova which is by far more than the other NILs. In all other NILs, the lowest percentage of employment is allocated to manufacturing and constructions. Parco Lambro has the highest percentage of highly specialized employment which is also one of the areas in addition to Citta studi and Buenos Aires, that has the more portion of highly specialized employment compared to low specialized one. In all other areas, low specialized employment is more or equal with the high specialized.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//5_WORK DYNAMICS / COMMUTING COMING IN //EXISTING URBAN POLES ATTRACTORS Universities Cinema Multisala Large sales structures with food surfaces> 500mq Hospitals Bike stations (0-200 parking spaces) //URBAN PLACES OF MOBILITY Supra-municipal relevance (200m) //PROGRAMMED URBAN POLES ATTRACTORS Ex Innocenti SOURCE_PTM 2020

//ABSOLUTE VALUES OF INFLOWS for work reason

0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 200 200 - 1.000 1.000 - 4.000 SOURCE_OPENDATA 2011

//RATIO BETWEEN INFLOWS FOR WORK

0.43 - 0.62 0.62 - 0.79 0.79 - 0.96 0.96 - 1.14 1.14 - 1.31 SOURCE_POSTMETROPOLIS_OPENDATA 2011

//5_WORK DYNAMICS / COMMUTING GOING OUT //EXISTING URBAN POLES ATTRACTORS Universities Cinema Multisala Large sales structures with food surfaces> 500mq Hospitals Bike stations (0-200 parking spaces) Airports //URBAN PLACES OF MOBILITY Metropolitan relevance (400m) Supra-municipial relevance (200m) //PROGRAMMED URBAN POLES ATTRACTORS Ex Falck S.S. Giovanni and Westfield SOURCE_PTM 2020

//ABSOLUTE VALUES OF INFLOWS for work reason

0 - 25

25 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

SOURCE_OPENDATA 2011

//RATIO BETWEEN OUTFLOWS FOR WORK

0.39 - 0.47 0.47 - 0.54

0.54 - 0.61

0.61 - 0.68 0.68 - 0.75

SOURCE_POSTMETROPOLIS_OPENDATA 2011

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//5a_WORK DYNAMICS / MOBILITY ANALYSIS 17.4 % 18.8 % 21.7 % 25.6 % 26.2 %

Municipal cyclable paths paths Municipal cyclable Provicial cyclable paths paths Provicial cyclable

17.6 % 25.0 % 26.7 % 26.9 % 36.8 %

_//SLOW MOBILITY INDEX

Percentage ratio between the resident population who travels daily for work or study reasons on foot or by bike and the resident population who travels daily for work or study reasons SOURCE_Urban Index (8milacensus 2011)

Although Vimodrone and Sesto have the largest number of bike stations as attraction poles, they have the lowest range of Slow mobility. Vimodrone which has the lowest range of slow mobility, has the largest number of metro stations in addition to the bike stations and the same happens to Sesto. Therefore, this could be counted as the reason of low range of slow mobility in them.

_//PUBLIC MOBILITY INDEX

Percentage ratio between the resident population who travels daily for work or study reasons using collective means of transport and the resident population who travels daily for work or study reasons. SOURCE_Urban Index (8milacensus 2011)

The index of public mobility has its highest range in Cologno and then in Sesto, as they both are the places which have the concentration of attraction poles and also have metro lines with a large number of metro stations. The latter one also has the railway line. Streets Railway

the employed population of the municipality

0.16 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.68

_//SELF-CONTAINMENT INDEX

Ratio between commuting internal flows for work reasons within a municipality and the employed population of the municipality. SOURCE_Urban Index (8milacensus 2011)

The highest range of self-containment is in Cologno as it is one of the areas with lots of industrial/ commercial activities and also a high concentration of services which are attraction poles. The lowest ratio is in Segrate because it has the most fragmented activities of industrial/commercial and also services, compared to the other areas.

//6_ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES //CO-WORKING PLACES Existing Potential Co-working places SOURCE_Ilaria Mariotti_Carolina Pacchi

//HQ OF ITALIAN AND FOREIGN COMPANIES Italian companies Foreign companies Up to 200 employees 200-2000 employees More than 2000 employees SOURCE_ARCIPELAGO MILANO

//HQ OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL COMPANIES Financial Insurance Up to 200 employees 200-2000 employees More than 2000 employees SOURCE_ARCIPELAGO MILANO

//TOTAL LOCAL UNITS OF WORK

750-1200

1200-2100

2100-3900 3900-7500

7500-14700 14700-58167 SOURCE_ISTAT 2011

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//7_COMMERCIA

AL & INDUSTRIAL SPACES

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

//8_WORK KALEIDO-SCAPE Infrastructures highways main streets railways Railway stations accessibility 15 min by foot 15 min by bike

Characterization of work tipologies low specialized manifacturing and constructions highly specialized Characterization of work tipologies productive activities retail and commerce

CONCLUSION

The study has suggested, with the help of data collected and overlapping of various elements that there are 6 areas with the potential to transform into a 15-Minutes City, keeping in sight the aspect of work and production. The Isochrones mark the radius that ranges from 5km/h to 7km/h marking an accessible radius for the neighborhood. The radius takes into consideration the presence of a train station at its center, expanding to a radius that can be covered by pedestrians and the radius further to that can be covered with a bicycle. The interpretative map indicates the afore mentioned hypothesis.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

BIBLIOGRAPHY Beria, P., & Lunkar, V. (2020). Presence and mobility of the population during the first wave of Covid-19 outbreak and lockdown in Italy. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102616. Balletto, G., Ladu, M., Milesi, A., & Buruso, G., (2021), A methodological approach on disused public properties in the 15-minute city perspective, journal of sustainability, 13,593 dei Deputati, C. (2017). Commissione parlamentare di inchiesta sulle condizioni di sicurezza e sullo stato di degrado delle città e delle loro periferie, Relazione sull’attività svolta dalla Commissione, Stabilimenti Tipografici Carlo Colombo. Relazione sull’attività svolta dalla Commissione, Stabilimenti Tipografici Carlo Colombo, Roma. Evereth, Cath, (2020), How the 15-minute city will transform work (https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.raconteur.net/workplace/15-minute-city/&ved=2ahUKEwj3k_ TKzaPvAhVFtqQKHWjXAxAQFjABegQIAhAC&usg=AOvVaw1Yb8CBgCgkm7m2XzLcQwSc ) Mariotti, I., Pacchi, C., & Di Vita, S. (2017). Co-working spaces in Milan: Location patterns and urban effects. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(3), 47-66. Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., & Pratlong, F., (2021), Introducing the “15-minute city”: sustainability, resilience, and place identity in future post-pandemic cities, journal of Smart Cities, 4,93111 Piano di governo del territorio (PGT) vigente dal 12-02-2014, Comune di Vimodrone Piano di governo del territorio (PGT) ai sensi della LR/12 2005, Città di Segrate Piano di governo del territorio (PGT) 28.01.2013, Comune di Sesto San Giovanni Piani di Governo del Territorio (PGT) introdotto dalla L.R. n. 12 del 11/03/2005, Comune di Cologno Monzese. Pozoukidou, G., & Chatziyiannaki, Z., (2021), 15-minute city: Decomposing the new urban planning Eutopia, journal of Sustainability, 13,928 http://amisuradicomune.istat.it/aMisuraDiComune/ http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/ https://www.urbanindex.it/ https://www.arcipelagomilano.org/archives/54009

On the next page, @Lumier.o, 35mm - Kodak 200

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Group F

Local Identities

Anna Kravtsova Dina Mohamed Francesco Pio Pugliese Jingjing Huang Lucia Greta Iachelini Nicolas Cacciapaglia Paula Haufe Teresa Moreno Blasco Yiqing Qiu

Abstract

Based on a comprehensive, thematic analysis of the study area, the following work attempts to capture the manifold, intertwined local identities that exist within the territory, and to portray them in a detailed, layered manner. The territory is marked by a range of local identities, whose features correspond to various morphological, historical and geographical realities. We hereby present these identities using different analytical angles with regard to the territory’s urban development, the conducting of comprehensive research on poles of attraction, an array of social features and amenities, the presence of social media, as well as the compilation and interpretation of results collected during a site visit. The homogeneity of the study area is also reflected in the local identities of the individual realms. In addition to the morphological structure, the social composition and the location of the area play a major role. With the help of photographs, maps and information graphics, an overview and understanding of the different identities will be created in order to be able to understand the “spirit” of the study area in addition to the statistical facts.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

General Analysis The general analysis of the study area from different points of view serves on the one hand to understand the area in its entirety and on the other hand provides the basis of interpretation for the focus topic of local identity. In our analysis we have looked at the morphological structure, the land use, the presence and type of green spaces, the system of roads and transport, current and planned urban development projects, as well as the demographic composition of the different cities. We were able to establish that the different areas of the territory, due to their location, as part of the city of Milan or as an independent municipality, sometimes differ greatly in their morphological structure as well as their infrastructure. In the districts of Municipio 2 and 3, which are part of Milan, the building structure is clearly denser than in the peripherally located towns of Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate. There, however, the morphological diversity is sometimes greater than in both Milan districts. For example, Segrate, with its historic centre, the planned settlements Milano Due and San Felice, and the less dense residential neighbourhoods Redecesio and Lavanderie, has a great diversity of building structures. In terms of infrastructure, all areas are well connected to the city of Milan. This guarantees the accessibility of certain services that can only be found in Milan. Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone have metro lines that lead to Milan. Only Segrate is connected to Milan only by train and bus. However, the transport infrastructure is a major spatial barrier in some points of the area. For example, the town of Segrate is divided into two halves by the railway line. Whereas, again, in the Municipio 3 district of Milan, metro line 2 and Via Palmanova make it difficult to cross into other parts of the neighbourhood. The presence of green spaces is quite balanced throughout the study area. In particular, the Parco Lambro and the Idroscalo recreational 6

area are focal points for residents for leisure and sports activities. Looking at urban development and the associated projects, it can be seen that these are located in particular in peripheral locations and in the neighbouring municipalities of Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate. In particular, brownfield sites are to be converted into new uses such as housing, health facilities, industry and culture. In addition, a new metro line is under construction that will connect the southwest of Milan with Linate airport. In the following chapter we present our analysis results in maps and information boxes.

Impressions of the study area in Milan Authors: Group F

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

The NIL and the Neighborhood of the Study Area Map of the NIL

16 Gorla - Precotto

13 Greco Segnano

19 Padova - Turro Crescenzago

17 Adriano

18 Parco Lambro - Cimiano

20 Loreto - Casoretto - Nolo 10 Stazione Centrale Ponte Seveso

21 Buenos Aires - Venezia

22 Città Studi

23 Lambrate - Ortica

Sources: https://www.pgt.comune.milano.it/psschede-dei-nil-nuclei-di-identita-locale/ nuclei-di-identita-locale-nil

NIL stands for “Nuclei di identità locale” (local identity cores) and represents a territorial atlas for the city of Milan, for programming the distribution and management of services, but most importantly they aim to offer an understanding of the neighborhoods that compose the diverse local realities, outlining specific and distinctive characteristics for each core. They provide information about demography, distribution of services, green and blue infrastructures, accessibility, urban transformations taking place and the project programmed by the local administration. 8

We analyzed the division of the territory in different neighborhoods. This consolidated interpretation of the territory is based both on historical, morphological, functional and social specificities of the different local realities. The analysis that we present in our work aims to question this consolidated interpretation of the territory, in order to confirm some consolidated elements of local identity but also make new relationships and figures emerge from the territory, providing a broader sense of identity.

Map of the Names of the Neighborhoods

San Maurizio al Lambro

Rondinella Baraggia Restellone

Pelucca Villaggio Falck

Bettolino Lombardia Street

Rondò Torretta

Corso Roma

Isola del Bosco Delle Corti Dei Parchi Cascina Gatti Parpagliona

Ginestrino

Cologno center

Villa S. Giovanni Adriano Vimodrone

Precotto Ponte Nuovo Gorla Crescenzago Turro

Segrate North Milano Due

Cimiano Rottole

Loreto

Casoretto

Segrate Center Feltre

Lavanderie

Lambrate Corso Buenos Aires Città Studi

Rubattino

Ortica Acquabella

Redecesio

Milano San Felice Novegro

Sources: https://sestosg.net/pgt-vigente/ https://colognoeasy.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/node/4018/

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Building Patterns Legend Citadel Historical Nucleus Planned District Diffused City

Sources: Milano PGT, Sesto San Giovanni PGT, Cologno Monzese PGT, Segrate PGT, Vimodrone PGT, Patrizia Gabellini, (2011), “Echoes of the ‘Berkeley School’: An Italian Experience of Urban Planning”, Journal of Urban Design, no. 2, vol. 16, pp. 279-296. 10

CITADEL

Starting from the Gabellini’s definitions of the “citadel” as complex settlement devoted to specific function, has been identified the Linate Airport in Segrate. It is probably the bigger citadels present in the studied area and it is also really important for its strategic function.

On the edge of Sesto San Giovanni there is the commercial center called Il Vulcano that will increase its area with the future project “Caltacity”; it can be identified as a citadel.

HISTORICAL NUCLEUS

The historical nucleus are characterized by their unique forms and patterns which usually clearly legible, each of the municipalities analized present one or more historical nucleus, here an example from Cologno Monzese.

Another example of historical nucleus in Crescenzago, one of the many present in the city of Milan, in addition to the famous historic center.

DIFFUSED CITY

The diffused city consists in the distribution of different clusters among the territory, without an apparent design. An example is this peripheral area between Vimodrone and Segrate.

PLANNED DISTRICT

Planned districts are legible monofunctional settlements, usually built in the last decades. An example of this typology is this residential district in Vimodrone, a project approved in 1999.

2.5km NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Residential Fabric and Services Legend Dense Residential Fabric Average Dense Continuous Residential Fabric Discontinuous Residential Fabric Infrequent and Nuclearlike Residential Tissue Scattered Residential Fabric Hospital Settlements Public and Private Utilities Technological Installations

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-pacchetti?p_p_ id=dwnpackageportlet_WAR_geoportaledownloadportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&metadataid=%7B18EE7CDC-E51B-4DFB-99F8-3CF416FC3C70%7D

The high density of residential fabric is typical for Municipio 2 and Municipio 3, yet it is accompanied by an even distribution of public and private services. The high density of development can also be seen in the central part of Sesto San Giovanni mostly surrounded by the “islands” of nuclearlike residential tissue. Situation in Vimodrone and Cologno Monzese is rather different – discontinuous residential fabric rings around and connects to the high dense historical part of the municipality. Especially different from the rest is the residential development of the municipality of Segrate, where several areas with an average density of buildings are located along the main road artery and it is difficult to distinguish the apparent centrality.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Industrial Areas Legend Mixed Function Area Commercial Area Industrial Area Mixed Function Area with Abandoned Space Construction Site Abandoned Area

5 4

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-pacchetti?p_p_ id=dwnpackageportlet_WAR_geoportaledownloadportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&metadataid=%7B18EE7CDC-E51B-4DFB-99F8-3CF416FC3C70%7D

Mixed Function Area

3 6

Commercial Area

1 Areas which have both industrial and commercial functions and without abandoned areas.

Areas only have commercial functions like shops, malls, offices, etc.

Mixed Function Area with Abandoned Space

Industrial Area

3 Areas only have industrial functions like factories, warehouses, etc.

Areas which have industrial, commercial functions and abandoned areas.

Construction Site

Abandoned Area

5 Areas where construction are under way.

Abandoned areas, and temporarily no construction.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Green and Leisure Areas Legend Parks and Gardens Uncultivated Green Areas Grassland Forest Bush Sports Facilities Camping Sites and Tourist and Accomodation Facilitites Amusement Parks

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-pacchetti?p_p_ id=dwnpackageportlet_WAR_geoportaledownloadportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&metadataid=%7B18EE7CDC-E51B-4DFB-99F8-3CF416FC3C70%7D 16

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Street Patterns and Transportation Network LEGEND Legend Main Roadsroads Main Secondary Roads Secondary roads Railways Raliways Cycyle Pathspaths Cycle MM1 MM1 MM2 MM2 MM3 MM3 Railway Station station Railway Metro Stationstation Metro

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-pacchetti?p_p_ id=dwnpackageportlet_WAR_geoportaledownloadportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&metadataid=%7B18EE7CDC-E51B-4DFB-99F8-3CF416FC3C70%7D

The transportation system corresponds to the degree of development of the area. The density of the street pattern is much higher in Municipio 2 and 3 which are closer to the center of Milan. The public transportation like metro and railway follow mainly a radial form starting from the city center. Some stations like the Milano Centrale Railway station are now also potential landmarks which attract many people and estimate the development of the surroundings. However, in some parts, the railway lines split the areas and prevent people from both sides to communicate, which also reflects on the street pattern there.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Lynch Map of the Transportation System LEGEND

Maturely developed areas Low density area Barrier generated from transportation(highways and railways) Barrier generated from nature (river) crossing between barrier Abandoned area Mixed areas withe abandoned space Park Public transportation station 6

×× ×

* 4

Maturely developed areas

Low density area Low density area

Maturely developed areas

2 areas with low 1 Built environment with high Rural and natural Built environment with Rural and natural areas building density building density high building density with low building density

Crossing between barrier

Barrier Barrier

* 33

Crossing between barrier

Existing railways which prevent Tunnels or bridges which Existing railways or bridges which communications from two sides which reconnectTunnels the boundry prevent communications reconnect the boundry from two sides

Public transportation station

Abandoned area Abandoned area

Public transportation station

55 55

Public transportation stations transportation recognizedPublic as potential stations landmarks recognized as potential landmarks

Abandoned areas with no Abandoned construction activities areas with no construction activities

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Urban Transformation Projects Legend Urban Transformation Projects Completed Urban Transformation Projects Provided/ Ongoing Railway Yards Environmental Regeneration Areas Provided Existing Metro Line Metro Line Planned

Sources: Milano PGT, Sesto San Giovanni PGT, Cologno Monzese PGT, Segrate PGT, Vimodrone PGT, https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/milanochecambia/aree 22

Examples of Urban Transformation Projects

RUBATTINO

P.I.I. ADRIANO

The Administration has approved the Integrated Intervention Programme (PII) for the areas of Via Rubattino 84 in 2019. The project, headed by the company BNP Paribas Real Estate concerns an unused area of 66,420 square meters where a building will be built that will host a mix of commercial functions and a building intended for accommodation and tertiary.

The redevelopment project of the former industrial area Magneti Marelli in Milan was approved in 2006 and is currently being implemented and covers two areas "AdrianoMarelli" and "Adriano-Cascina San Giuseppe". The final result includesdiffrent kind of residential buildings, tertiary, facilities and a system of public spaces with a square and parks.

PIAZZE APERTE

MASSIMIANO 25

Open squares is part of the "Suburban Plan", is a project of the City of Milan that uses the approach of tactical urbanism to bring public space back to the centre of the district and of the life of the inhabitants. Four of these initiatives are present between Municipio 2 and 3 in Milan.

The artistic and cultural center of Lambrate has been created by redeveloping a former industrial building. The Gallery Andrea Ingenito, headquarter of the Lambrate Design District and hosts numerous activities, such as institutional exhibitions, national and international fairs, exhibitions and publishing publications, gives space to both young and historicized artists.

SCALO LAMBRATE

QUARTIERE DELLA STAZIONE

The site is part of the plan Milan’s strategic for regeneration the decommissioned railway hubs. The transformation project will provide for the establishment of a district sustainable integrated and permeable with residential housing at prices accessible, significant public spaces, district services and public green areas.

The Integrated Intervention Programme is inserted in the area of the Segrate Station on an area of about 100,000 square meters where a mix of residences and other functions has allowed the redevelopment.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Demographic Composition The bar chart demonstrates groups of people by age living in the research areas. Statistics show that demographic situation in all observed municipalities is rather similar. The most represented group across all areas are people aged 40 to 60. Yet it could be mentioned that the majority of people aged over 80 reside in Sesto San Giovanni.

Looking at the pie charts one could conclude that the smallest number of foreigners live in Segrate and Vimodrone, while the majority of non-locals come from Ecuador, Philippines, Peru, Romania and Egypt.

Proportion of foreigners

nĪŁÚŊŒ

ŒƊŊƄŵƧɷŒĜɷŒŵĪĞĪŊ 14,8

18,2

32,7 14,6 90,3

Local

3,7 4,3

Foreign

11,6 5,5

¡ąŻƄŒɷ¡ÚŊɷFĪŒƠÚŊŊĪ

6,5

ŒƊŊƄŵƧɷŒĜɷŒŵĪĞĪŊ 23,3

29,7

11,4

5,3 6

Local

6,3

Foreign

ŒŁŒĞŊŒɷnŒŊưąŻą

6,6

8,2

9,6

31 14,4 82,8

Local

Foreign

Sources: https://www.tuttitalia.it 24

Egypt Romanian Philippines Peru China Ecuador Ucraina Other

ŒƊŊƄŵƧɷŒĜɷŒŵĪĞĪŊ 16,8

17,2

PĦilippines Egypt China Peru Sri Lanka Romanian Ecuador Bangladesh Other

4,6 5,4

5,4

8,6

13,4

Romanian Peru Egypt Albania Ecuador China Ukraine Other

¡ąĞŵÚƄą

ŒƊŊƄŵƧɷŒĜɷŒŵĪĞĪŊ

Philippines Romanian Ecuador Peru Sri Lanka China Ukraine Albania Bulgarian Egypt

18,3 10,5

32,4 11,8 90,3

Local

2,7

7,4

3 3,4 3,9 5,2

Foreign

ÆĪňŒþŵŒŊą

6,4

5,5

ŒƊŊƄŵƧɷŒĜɷŒŵĪĞĪŊ

Romanian Philippines Albania Egypt Peru China Ukraine Ecuador Other

18 9,7

32,3 10,3 90,3

Local

4,1 5,1

Foreign

Age Distribution 100% 90% 80%

7,3

1,3 6,3

1,4 7,3

1,1 6,2

1,1 5,7

1 6,2

10,9

11,5

11,1

12,1

11,7

11,2

15,6

15,5

14,9

15,7

15,5

15,3

14,9

17,3

15,6

12,3

11,9

12,3

12,1

10,3

9,8

9,1

9,9

8,8

9,1

9,4

9,1

9,2

9,4

10,6

8,5

8,2

8,6

9,4

9,1

Milano

Sesto San Giovanni

Cologno Monzese

Vimodrone

Segrate

70%

50%

5,7

AGES

11,3

60%

9,6

40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

0-9

01-ott

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70-79

80-89

90-99

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Local Identities What is local identity? There is no clear definition of the term. It has many facets that operate and become visible on different levels. What is clear, however, is that local identity is fundamental to the development of urban space, as it contributes significantly to its function, its design and its social dynamics.

the social composition and participation of the residents of the area and thus form an important part of the local identity. On the following pages we have presented and summarised our findings in interpretative maps and description boxes.

Identity at the local level does not refer to the whole urban space, but rather to a specific place, district or neighbourhood within a city. Thus, the characteristics that shape local identity are strongly interwoven with the social fabric, i.e. the inhabitants of a neighbourhood. The local identity of a place is shaped by its appropriation by its inhabitants. They influence the spatial design by, for example, painting house facades or designing unused green spaces. In addition, the residents of a district naturally also contribute to which shops, restaurants, clubs and leisure facilities are to be found there. In particular, the cohesion, existing or not, among the residents has a decisive influence on the local identity. Whether one feels comfortable in a place, can identify with it and thus feels the desire to be an active part of shaping it, depends on whether there is cohesion and a sense of community among the residents. If this is the case, a place can develop a strongly positive local identity; if it is not, the local identity of a place is perceived as rather negative. In our analysis, we set out to explore the local identities within our area. While visiting part of the area in Milan, we were able to get an impression of the surroundings with our own eyes, which we captured in photographs. We also researched social media to find out which places are particularly frequented and often shared, which groups are formed, such as social streets or districts or parent groups, and physical attraction points that are particularly attractive to the residents of the area and where people often meet. Furthermore, we made a detailed compilation of all the organisations and associations that provide information about

Impressions of the study area in Milan Authors: Group F

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Supra-local Poles of Attraction

0 Sources:https://www.dati.lombardia.it/ 28

2.5km

Supra-local Poles of Attraction

Legend Legend University University

High School High School

Hospital Hospital

Mayor Commercial centers Major Commercial Center Public Transport line Public Transport Line

Public Transport Nodes nodes Public Transport

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Eating Places

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595 30

Legend Fast Food Point Bar Restaurant Cafe Buildings

As can be seen, the vast majority of cafes and restaurants are located in the dense residential areas of Milano municipalities. This rather evident concentration continues along the Viale Monza which connects central parts of Milano and Sesto San Giovanni. The least number of eateries can be found in Vimodrone and Segrate. Also, worth mentioning is that there are not so many eating places in Cologno Monzese, yet they are distributed rather evenly.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Poles of Attraction for Gathering

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595 32

Legend Rivers / Steams Playgrounds uncultivated Green Spaces Gardens Forests Parks Sports Facilities

While the majority of eateries are located in the municipalities of Milano, the situation is quite the opposite with open spaces for gathering. Green areas can be found basically anywhere except for dense residential tissue of central parts of Milano. Playgrounds and sports facilities are distributed quite evenly. One interesting emerging pattern is the closeness of sports facilities to the parks and recreational areas. Bigger campsites are predictably are located further from central parts of municipalities and are connected to green areas.

Camp sites and Accomodations Amusement Parks Water Reservoirs Buildings

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Social and Cultural Facilities

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595 34

Legend Catholic Churches and Parishes Arts Center Library Architecture of particular Interest Weekly Markets Community Centers

It is not surprising that in comparison to peripheral districts the central parts of Milano are rich in evenly distributed social and cultural facilities. Architectures of particular interest are mostly located in the same area and also can be found in the central part of Sesto San Giovanni. Interestingly, Sesto San Giovanni hosts a significant number of weekly markets both in central and peripheral neighborhoods. It could possibly indicate an active community or local government.

Cinema Buildings

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Schools and Parents Committees on Facebook

Legend Kindergarden

Primary School

Secondary School High School Combined School Other educational school school with a public parents committee on facebook

Sources:http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_view=editPublishedMetadata&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_uuid={DDF3E399-2BF1-4A3A-B62A-5255B1D83BC0}&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_fromAsset=true&rid=local

Examples of Parents Committees on Facebook

Kindergarden Primary School Middle School High School Combined School Other educational institution

school with a public parents comitee on facebook

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Digital Identities

Legend Neighborhood

'-... Social Street/Square ::::: Social district lnnstagram Places

0 Sources: https://www.socialstreet.it/social-steet/ http://noloart.altervista.org/ 38

MILANO Lambrate lambrate

Crescenzago

Casoretto

crescenzago

83K post

quartierefeltre quartierefeltremilano

venturalambrate

5000+ post

casorettomilano

100+ post

casoretto2k3

crescenzagobeach

27K post

Corso Buenos Aires corsobuenosaires 40.4K post

corsobuenosairesmilano 1000+ post

100+ post

cittastudi

Ortica (Milano)

Cimiano

Precotto

500+ post

1000+ post

5000+ post

cimianonelcuore

precottomilano

Quartiere Acquabella

quartiereortica

cimiano

precotto

100+ post

cimianomilano 100+ post

NoLo

Quartiere Adriano

nolomilano

21.9 K post

cittastudimilano

100+ post

Città Studi

Turro

500+ post

1000+ post

lambratedistrict 5000+ post

Quartiere Feltre

casoretto

Gorla

quartiereadriano

5000+ post

1000+ post

gorlamilano

Rottole

100+ post

quartiereadrianomilano 1000+ post

Rubattino

Ponte Nuovo

rubattino 1000+ post

SEGRATE

Novegro, Segrate

Milano 2

novegro

21.6K post

Redecesio

milano2

redecesio

milanodue

redecesiodisegrate

5000+ post

novegrocomics 5000+ post

Lavanderie City

1000+ post

100+ post

Milano San Felice, Milano

Segrate centro

milanosanfelice 1000+ post

Segrate nord

COLOGNO MONZESE Cologno Centro

San Maurizio al Lambro sanmaurizioallambro

Viale Lombardia

colognocentro

1000+ post

500+ post

Ginestrino Bettolino

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

Sesto Marelli sestomarelli 1000+ post

Sesto Rondò sestorondo 500+ post

Cascina Gatti cascinagatti 100+ post

Villaggio Falk

2.5 km

cascinagatti 100+ post

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Types of Associations

LEGEND

Cultural association

Enviromental association Social association

Sportive association

International association Commercial association

Sources:s ee bibliography section Maps of Associations

Percentage of Association Types Social Cultural Sportive Environmental International Commercial

social

cultural

spor�ve

enviromental

interna�onal

commercial

The diagrams show the concentration of associations according to six different categories: social, cultural, sportive, environmental, international and commercial. As visible, the highest concentration of activity corresponds to associations of a cultural nature. This includes aggregated, recreational and educational activities. There are also social associations, which cater to the promotion of social inclusion and employment accessibility (in the form of diverse projects, initiatives, networks and activities), as well as focusing on the theme of health. After these two categories, the third most popular activity

Percentage of Municipalities Municipio 2 Municipio 3 Vimodrone Cologno Monzese Sesto San Giovanni Segrate Municipio 2

1 Km

Municipio 3

Vimodrone

Cologno Monzese

Sesto San Giovanni

Segrate

The municipalities with the most associations, and thus the most locally activated, energised and dynamic environment, are the Municipio 2 and 3 of Milan. However, if these municipalities are analytically distinguished from the other four municipalities, the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni certainly stands out for its high quantity of associations. The abundance of local activity points to an active citizenry, a diverse set of sociabilities and possibly even higher levels of social and local identities. The levels of local and social activity in the municipalities is then followed by Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate respectively.

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Ages of the Associations

LEGEND

< 1999 2000 - 2004 2005 - 2009 2010 - 2015

2016 - 2021 no data neighborhood

Sources:s ee bibliography section Maps of Associations

The whole territory is marked by an abundance of associations, most of which have emerged through bottom-up organisation and socially embedded activities. The list of “officially recognised” organisations are predominantly social, cultural and sportive in their nature. As far as their distribution is concerned, the map shows how the neighbourhoods are marked by different distribution patterns. In Muncipio 2 and 3, there is a fairly scattered distribution with particular concentration along the road axis of Viale Monza and in the areas with the highest population density. In contrast, Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone are marked by almost punctual concentrations, which convey archipelagos with strong, consolidated identities. Meanwhile, in the socio-spatially more sparse realms of Segrate, there are no particular characterizations as such, other than the prevalence of scattered distributions of local activity. Furthermore, in the analysis and mapping of the associations, we discovered that more than half of them have been established within the last 10 years. This shows that the area is certainly very “active”, with a growing dynamism of activity, and therefore also high levels of human-centric social identities in the territory as a whole. Moreover, due to a lack of data, not all the association founding dates were found (as shown by the associations with white dots, in the map). This should be taken into account when analysing this map.

1 Km

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

15 Minute City ? The third stage of our research is devoted to the comparative analysis of present social activity and the spatial characteristics of the territory in which it occurs. With this step we would like to make an attempt to answer several questions important for the creation of the 15-minutes city model. Is there a correlation between social dynamic in the neighborhood and specific organization of the space? Why do some places host more communities rather than others? What are the spatial barriers that interrupt or limit social dynamic? Are local identity and community activity essential for the 15-minutes city? In order to make some suggestions we tried to analyze the reachability and scope of physical landmarks and social associations as one of the markers of social dynamic. We used ArcGis program software to create an analysis network based on the road elements, and set each 200 meters as a level for analyzing the reachability and service/influence area of the elements which we considered as bottom-up-social-process products. In this way, the relationship between social dynamic and the built environment can be reflected to some extent, and the local identity can be visualized. Final step of this stage is creation of an analytical map which selects and summarizes all dynamic points on the territory and illustrates a unique pattern of social activity. Comparing it with borders of existing neighborhoods we will be able to select several spatial aggregations which characteristics triggered maximum activity. This step will be illustrated with a closer look on one of the emerging dynamic poles. Nevertheless, we have to admit the limitations of our analysis. Current pandemic situation restricts our ability to conduct research and allows us to only use online sources for the investigation. Unfortunately, some communities are not present in the web and thereby were invisible for us, even though they could have a great impact on the territory. Another essential limitation is that the local identity of the spatial unit could be more visible and better understood after a direct inspection of the territory and interviews 44

with local residents. Yet still a great amount of the information could be obtained by analyzing identical features of urban tissue by looking at it from different scales. As well, another important resource is social media channels which could help create a broad image of territorial attraction through the prism of modern trends and views.

Impressions of the study area in Milan Authors: Group F

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Reachability of Weekly Markets LEGEND

200m 400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Weekly Markets

Reachability of Associations LEGEND

200m 400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Associations

Reachability of Eatery Services LEGEND

200m 400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Eatery Service

Reachability of Churches LEGEND

200m 400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Churches

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Level of Reachability regarding the Funtioning of the 15 Minute City

LEGEND

Most Concentrated and Reachable

Less Concentrated and Reachable Research Elements

Based on the calculation of the reachability of elements related to social identity, we overlapped them and get some areas which are rich in these elements. In this part, we chose north part of Isola del Bosco as one sample area to zoom in. We used the method of lynch map to see how these elements are organized in this area. From the map, we can see most of the physical and social identities are concentrated in the residential fabric, especially in the historic nucleus part. Gathering space like cafes, churches and parks together provide space for local people to be engaged in the community public life. Mobility network will encour-age or prevent the local identities from emerging, which depends on its situation. Landmarks will empha-size the local identities. Besides, associations and temporary events are recognized as social identities in this neithbourhood. Furthermore, considering youngsters communicating through smart phones and some schools with parents committee, there are also vivid digital identities under this community. In the next step, we will find more areas to zoom in to analysize the possibility to be created into a 15-minute city.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Summary Map Zoom-in area to research

h shops, good

of parking cars)

erest

fabric

LEGEND Physical Identity

Gathering space -Cafe, restaurant -Churches and parishes -Park, garden -Playground -Community center

arkets...)

LEGEND Physical Identity

Gathering space -Cafe, restaurant -Churches and parishes -Park, garden -Playground -Community center

LEGEND Physical Identity

Gathering space -Cafe, restaurant -Churches and parishes -Park, garden -Playground -Community center

Mobility network -Barrier -Crossing through barrier

Zoom-in area to research

Mobility network -Barrier -Crossing through barrier -Main roads -More walkable streets(with shops, good greenery...) -Normal streets -Less walkable streets(Full of parking cars) -Metro stop -Bus stop Landmarks and areas of interest -Commercial center

Mobility network Zoom-in area to research -Barrier -Crossing through barrier -Main roads -More walkable streets(with shops, good greenery...) -Normal streets -Less walkable streets(Full of parking cars -Metro stop -Bus stop Landmarks and areas of interest

-Commercial center -Sculpture in the city -Historic nucleus -Dense residential fabric -Average dense residential fabric -Industrial area

Social Identity Associations -Cultural

Open public space

Crossing between barrier

22 Bridege over the railway to create connections for the both sides.

Parks in this area recognized as a kind of physical identity.

Less walkable streets

Landmark

Zoom-in area to research

LEGEND Physical Identity

Gathering space -Cafe, restaurant -Churches and parishes -Park, garden -Playground -Community center Mobility network -Barrier -Crossing through barrier -Main roads -More walkable streets(with shops, good greenery...) -Normal streets -Less walkable streets(Full of parking cars) -Metro stop -Bus stop

33 Many of the streets in this residential areas are occupied with parking cars on both sides of roads which is unfriendly to pedestrians.

Social Identity

Associations -Cultural -Educational -Environmental -Social -Sportave Temporary events(Weekly markets...)

A city sculpture in the center of the circumferential streetring road to create a local landmark.

More walkable streets

Landmarks and areas of interest

-Commercial center -Sculpture in the city -Historic nucleus -Dense residential fabric -Average dense residential fabric -Industrial area

Churches and parishes

55 In this area, there are also some walkable streets which provide mix uses like 1 commercial, rest and communication.

Churches in this area recognized as a kind of 2 identity. physical

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Conclusion This initial research has aimed to broaden the understanding of the territory, based on its physical and social characteristics of identity. As such, the different forms of identity in the territory have been investigated. They include a diverse set of physical, social and digital layers, which affect the neighbourhoods in different ways and form unique senses of place, belonging and community spirit. The analysis has also started to explore the local identities relative to the 15-minute city concept, with a particular focus on sociability densities and their relation to the built environment. It has revealed the diverse levels of proximity to amenities and activities for locals. The final large-scale map shows the overall concentration of “sociability” elements across the territory. It combines the associations, places to eat, markets and churches. As visible, the intensities of activity tend to concentrate in certain realms, specifically in the densely built districts and historical centres. As such, one can initially notice certain (dense) areas already adhering to 15-minute city notions. These areas are also marked by a high level of bottomup activity, which in turn points towards the “strength” of identities. The areas marked by such densities are: (1) the innermost parts of Municipio 2 and 3; (2) the corridor that connects the center of Milano with Sesto San Giovanni along the M1, incorporating Milano’s historic neighborhoods of Precotto, Gorla and Turro; (3) the core of Sesto San Giovanni; (4) the central nucleus of Cologno Monzese and other historic nuclei, including San Maurizio al Lambro; (5) the small historical core of Vimodrone; (6) the more scattered spatial concentrations in Segrate, especially in Segrate North, Segrate South and Redeceso. The diverse set of “identities” investigated in the initial research enabled us to overlap and compare them, thus revealing the ways in which the various social, cultural, educational, virtual and physical identities stand in relation to one another, and whether any initial correlations can

be made. This brief initial analysis is therefore socially complex in its nature, which is why it is necessary to state that the research data gathered so far is still “superficial”. This has also been exacerbated by the pandemic situation, which has made it difficult to undertake qualitative research. Nevertheless, several findings have emerged from the aforementioned overlapping and combination of data. They are represented in the following set of interpretations: 1. The historical centres of the territories correspond to higher levels of activity, with more associations, amenities and cultural facilities than in other parts. This is particularly noticeable in Sesto San Giovanni, with a remarkably high density of community-embedded activities within the historic urban fabric. This is also the case for Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone, although the concentration of activities are more punctual than in Sesto, in a smaller realm within their historical cores. 2. Rather than following municipal boundaries, the concentrations of “sociability” (combining social, cultural, food-related and religious activities) actually correspond to the semi-formal neighbourhood boundaries. Some of these boundaries have been defined in a recent PGT; some are based on Google Maps; while others are based on the historical, morphological centres. It was surprising to see that these “neighbourhoodlabels” really do represent the realms of local activity. They can thus be interpreted as local identity strongholds. 3. These dense, consolidated tissues are also marked by a mixture of uses and a high diversity of social activities. This is exemplified in the eastern neighbourhoods of Milan, including NoLo, Casoretto and Acquabella, as well as the M1 and M2 axes, incorporating Precotto, Turro, Gorla, Cimiano and Crescenzago. It is also visible in Sesto San Giovanni, where features of local activity and identity are strongly present around the historical nucleus and in the Rondinella neighbourhood.

4. The planned districts tend to correspond to less cohesive realms of activity, with less social involvement and energy. This is exemplified in some areas of Segrate, and is likely linked to the mono-functionalities that characterise them (either residential, industrial or corporate). 5. The “citadels” (monofunctional, highly specialized and largely isolated settlements) are marked by low levels of sociability. This is due to their nature as supra-local poles of attraction. Even though their presence usually characterises their surrounding area perceptions, they tend not to be embedded in local sociability networks. This is due to their supra-local (or global) orientation, which often results in very few connections with the local population (except for Politecnico di Milano). This represents another type of “division” within this vast territory. 6. The broad axes of the river and highway divide the entire territory into two parts, one on the east and one on the west. The Milan municipalities form a semi-continuum with the very dense realm of Sesto San Giovanni (both in the west), which are sharply divided from the areas of dense activity in the other three municipalities. This division certainly marks the socio-spatial forms of identity in each realm. For example, the spatial separation from Milan has in all likelihood influenced the way the Vimodrone population act, play, live and perceive themselves. 7. The “centralities” of Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate can be perceived as “satellites” around the city. Their morphologies are more spatially discontinuous than the west. Nevertheless, even though their active districts are slightly isolated, they do not seem to be more disconnected from each other than to Milan. This invokes the potential of focusing on their connections, rather than succumbing to a “citycentric”/radial approach of urban analysis and development.

been established in the last 10 years. This shows that the area is certainly very “active”, with a growing dynamism of activity, and therefore also high levels of human-centric social identities in the territory as a whole. 9. The municipalities with lower levels of foreigners (around 10%, in Vimodrone and Segrate), as opposed to 17/18% (Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese and Milan), are also marked by a less dense built environment. Interestingly, the former two municipalities also have much lower levels of bottom-up activity. There may thus be a correlation between such demographic tendencies and the levels of local “identity” in a given place. In fact, it is also notable that a very high proportion of associations (in all 6 municipalities) are marked by foreign elements. As such, one could hypothesise that the overarching local “identities” of such territories are defined by cultural and ethnic diversity. 10. The analysis of virtual identities - using Instagram as a source, thus predominantly representing young people - shows that digitally “popular” places correspond to areas with high local activity, although also incorporating supralocal places of attractivity. Some examples are: Lambrate, popular on social media but also full of locally-embedded sociabilities; Città Studi, characterized by both supralocal attractiveness and local dynamism (as shown by Cistà platform); and San Maurizio al Lambro, high in local activity and also “virtually” popular. This stands in contrast to Novegro (in Segrate), which is popular on Instagram - due to its hosting of events - but not dynamic at all in relation to local activities.

8. In the analysis and mapping of the associations, we discovered that more than half of them have

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References Source for Map of Build Environment: Patrizia Gabellini, Echoes of the ‘Berkeley School’: An Italian Experience of Urban Planning, Journal of Urban Design, 16:2, 279-296, 2011 Source for Map of NIL: https://www.pgt.comune.milano.it/psschede-dei-nil-nuclei-di-identita-locale/nuclei-di-identitalocale-nil Source for Map of Neighborhoods: https://sestosg.net/pgt-vigente/ https://colognoeasy.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/node/4018/ https://comune.segrate.mi.it/servizi/catasto-e-urbanistica/piano-di-governo-del-territorio/ https:// www.google.it/maps/ Source for Map of Digital Identities: https://www.socialstreet.it/social-steet/ http://noloart.altervista.org/ Source for Map of Supralocal Identities: https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Istruzione/Anagrafe-Scuole-Lombarde/hqsw-ahvp https://www.dati. lombardia.it/Universit-e-ricerca/Il-sistema-universitario-della-Lombardia/99k2-qg4v https://www. dati.lombardia.it/Commercio/Grandi-Strutture-di-Vendita/haxp-4dkd Source Map of schools: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/metadati?p_p_id=PublishedMetadata_WAR_ geoportalemetadataportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_view=editPublishedMetadata&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_uuid={DDF3E399-2BF1-4A3A-B62A5255B1D83BC0}&_PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_editType=view&_ PublishedMetadata_WAR_geoportalemetadataportlet_fromAsset=true&rid=local demographic diagrams: https://www.tuttitalia.it (data from 2019) Sources for the Associations Map: for Milano: https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds1334_albo-delle-associazioni--municipio-2 https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds1335_albo-delle-associazioni--municipio-3 https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Famiglia/Associazioni-di-Promozione-Sociale-nel-comune-di-M/dms8-hbt4 https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Famiglia/Associazioni-senza-scopo-di-lucro/cufg-zvm7 http://www.periferiemilano.com/wordpress/mappe/mappe-4/ http://www.periferiemilano.com/wordpress/mappe/zona-3/ https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ebc59bd3-235b-49c2-bffd-9e324d2960c0/resource/e299df6d-24e9408e-984b-a4daf0bab630/download/ds1334_albo_associazioni_municipio_2.csv for Vimodrone: http://www.consultacultura.it/comune.asp?IDcomune=88&sz=4 http://www.consultacultura.it/comune.asp?IDcomune=88&sz=2 http://www.comune.vimodrone.milano.it/c015242/zf/index.php/servizi-aggiuntivi/index/index/idtesto/56

for Sesto San Giovanni: https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/amministrazione/associazioni/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/attivita-sociali-e-assistenziali/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/sport-2/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/impegno-civile-tutela-e-promozione-dei-diritti-umani/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/cultura-turismo-tempo-libero/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/educazione/ for Cologno Monzese: https://www.virgilio.it/italia/cologno-monzese/cat/ASSOCIAZIONI_DI_VOLONTARIATO_E_DI_SOLIDARIETA. html https://www.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/servizi/gestionedocumentale/ricerca_fase03.aspx?ID=19020 https://www.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/upload/colognomonzese_ecm10/gestionedocumentale/ Albocomunaledelleformeassociative2020-2021_784_19020.pdf for Segrate: https://www.comune.segrate.mi.it/export/sites/segrate/doc/comune/Dati-informativi-delle-associazioni.pdf https://www.comune.segrate.mi.it/export/sites/segrate/doc/comune/Dati-informativi-delle-associazioni.pdf Milano 2030 PGT: https://www.pgt.comune.milano.it Sesto San Giovanni PGT: https://sestosg.net/pgt-vigente/ Cologno Monzese PGT: https://colognoeasy.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/node/4018/ Vimodrone PGT: http://www.comune.vimodrone.milano.it/zf/index.php/servizi-aggiuntivi/index/index/ idservizio/20045/idtesto/34 Segrate PGT: https://comune.segrate.mi.it/servizi/catasto-e-urbanistica/piano-di-governo-del-territorio/ https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/milanochecambia/aree

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Appendix Associations Municipio 2 Cultural

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Social

International

Commercial

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Associations Municipio 3 Cultural

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Social

Commercial

Sport

International

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Vimodrone Cultural

Social

Sport

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Cologno Monzese Social

International

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Sesto San Giovanni Cultural

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Environmental

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Social

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Sport

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Segrate

Cultural

Social

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Parents Committees on Facebook

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Sources of the Associations

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Name of the School

facebook page of the parents committee

Scuola Secondaria di primo grado Italo Calvino

https://www.facebook.com/Comitato-IC-Pascoli-112947823502861/?ref=page_internal

Istituto Comprensivo Martiri Della Libertà

https://www.facebook.com/ComitatoGenitoriICMartiridellaLibertaSestoSG

Scuola Primaria XXV Aprile

https://www.facebook.com/Comitatogenitorixxvaprile

Istituto Comprensivo Dante Alighieri

https://www.facebook.com/ComitatoGenitoriIcDanteAlighieri

Istituto Leonardo Da Vinci

https://www.facebook.com/genitoridavincicm

Scuola Manzoni

https://www.facebook.com/comitatogenitorimanzoniboccacciocologno

Scuola dell'infanzia Volta Scuola dell'Infanzia Pascoli

https://www.facebook.com/GenitoriIcVoltaColognoMonzese

Istituto Comprensivo A. Volta Scuola Primaria Vespucci Liceo San Raffaele

https://www.facebook.com/genitoriliceosanraffaele

Istituto Comprensivo Statale Teodoro Ciresola

https://www.facebook.com/associazionegenitoriciresola

Scuola Primaria Galvani

https://www.facebook.com/galvaniduepuntozero

Scuola Primaria Martiri di Gorla

https://www.facebook.com/cdgmartiridigorla

Istituto Comprensivo Casa Del Sole

https://www.facebook.com/GenitoriCasaDelSole

Istituto Comprensivo A. Stoppani

https://www.facebook.com/associazionescuolastoppani

Scuola Primaria Elsa Morante

https://www.facebook.com/groups/gliamicidelgelsodielsa

Scuola Primaria "B.Munari"

https://www.facebook.com/associazionegenitorifeltre.it

I.I.S. Caterina Da Siena

https://www.facebook.com/comitatogenitorisantacaterina

Scuola primaria "E. Fermi"

https://www.facebook.com/agfcarnia

Scuola dell'Infanzia, Via 25 Aprile Scuola dell'Infanzia Arcobaleno - Rovagnasco Scuola Primaria A.Schweitzer Scuola Primaria Enrico Fermi Scuola Primario Renato Donatelli Scuola Secondario di Primo Grado Leopardi

https://www.facebook.com/AssoGenitoriSegrate

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