A shared future of quartiere Adriano

Neighborhood plans for the 15-MIN CITY

A Shared Future of Quartiere Adriano Group 2

Francesco Pio Pugliese Jingjing Huang Nicolas Cacciapaglia Yiqing Qiu

Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador

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Content Chapter 1

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Introduction Abstract

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Definition of the 15-Min City

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How Local Identity affects the 15-min city

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The Local Identity features of the northeast Milanese area

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Conclusion of the Local Identity in selected area

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Understanding Quartiere Adriano

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General perception of the neighbourhood

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A transforming neighbourhood

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Recognize different parts - typical elements in Quartiere Adriano

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Reading Quartiere Adriano

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Defining the Problem: Three fragmented neighbourhoods

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The characteristics of the three neighbourhoods - SWOT analysis

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Potentials of the three neighbourhoods to develop the 15-min city as a whole

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Neighbourhood Plan for a 15-Min City

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Goals and concept

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General strategies

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The Adriano CLT: an umbrella organisation and process for projects

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Four zoom-in projects and their feasibility

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Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal

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An alternative future of New Adriano

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“Open" green barrier

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Activate vacant commercial space

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Final Reflections

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Bibliography

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Annex

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Chapter 1 6

Introduction This project forms part of a wider investigation into the notions, uses, meanings and implications of the “15-minute city” - a broad urban planning ideal and an-increasingly used buzzword in contemporary urban planning practice. Although it originally gained popularity with its implementation in Paris, led by Mayor Anne Hidalgo and inspired by the scientist Carlos Moreno, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused its popularity to skyrocket.

This is partially due to the physical restrictions imposed on urban inhabitants during the lockdowns, thus rendering the local accessibility of services, places of sociability and public space infrastructures to be of utmost importance. Using the 15-minute city (which, in this studio, has been treated with an open, interpretative and researchby-design questioning) as a framework, we set out to create a neighbourhood development plan for the district of Adriano, in northeastern Milan.

The first part of this process included an in-depth analysis of the a large segment of northwestern Milan, in which our group had a particular focus on “local identities”. As such, we investigated what the meanings of local identities could be, how they manifest and their implications on the daily lives of locals. In this process, we soon came to understand the importance of “realms of sociability” for inhabitants of neighbourhoods , which in broad terms can include any space or network where people interact, engage themselves, socialise and yield daily, foundational services. It can, for example, include: non-profit associational activities; attending church; doing sports; or going out to eat food. In this analysis, we mapped out an array of “sociabilities” in the area, including various overlapping and comparisons. We then came to understand the uneven nature of such sociabilities, as well as their tendencies to “bundle together”. Some areas - which are usually the dense, historical neigbourhood cores - are brimming with a variety of sociabilities, while others - often monofunctional residential districts or supralocal citadels - seem to be sociability deserts. In terms

of 15-min city ideals, we established a correlation between sociabilities and social justice, collective resilience and liveability vis-à-vis the 15-minute city. High levels of sociability are thereby essential in this goal. Nevertheless, other critical urban planning features - such as the provision of basic service and sustainable mobility networks - are of course vital as well, and also form central roles in our analysis and design proposals.

In the next step, we began to assess the Adriano district (Quartiere Adriano), which would be the site for our eventual urban development proposal.

In this analysis, our main conclusions included the understanding of the area being fragmented into three broad districts, which are separated spatially, functionally and sociologically. We saw that each of these three areas have unique issues and deficiencies vis-à-vis achieving socially inclusive, accessible and sustainable 15-minute city ideals.

Some examples of these issues are: the extreme deficiency of sociabilities and locally-oriented commerce in the western section, as well as its vast expanses of underused space, enmormous dimensions and lack of general walkability; the abundance of commercial vacancies in a part of the east, and the vacant plots and underused riverbanks in the south. We also noted several mobility shortcomings in the whole project area, such as discontinuous bicycle lanes. This analysis then culminated in two main goals for us to pursue for the site development: (1) catering to the deficiencies in each neighbourhood and (2) improving the general connectivity between the neighbourhoods (since this would also increase the accessibility resource potential for all).

These two goals then formed the basis of our six overarching strategies, which aim to tackle the area’s deficiencies. To put this into practice, we then developed 4 main projects, which we delved into in detail, including their organisational and operational processes, ownership features, cost calculations and general reflections on feasibility.

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Definition of the 15-Min City The reflection around the concept of "15 minute cities" leads to question what components of daily life have to be locally available and what actually is local. In this sense we found very helpful the definition of a "Complete Neighborhood" proposed in the 2012 Plan of the city of Portland (USA) that states: "The term “complete neighborhood” refers to a neighborhood where one has safe and convenient access to the goods and services needed in daily life.

This includes a variety of housing options, grocery stores and other commercial services, quality

Diagram of the "Complete Neighborhood", Portland Plan 2012

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public schools, public open spaces and recreational facilities, affordable active transportation options and civic amenities. An important element of a complete neighborhood is that it is built at a walkable and bikeable human scale, and meets the needs of people of all ages and abilities."

This definition not only defines some of the goods and services on which to focus, but also stresses the importance of accessibility which need to be safe, convenient, maintaining a walkable human scale.

Research suggests that this approach to planning has multiple benefits, including improved public health (mental and physical), increased safety and stronger social connections. It also reduces emissions, lowers household costs and increases environmental, economic and social sustainability.

Another important reference for our concept of 15 minute cities is the plan "20-Minute Neighbourhoods-Creating a more liveable Melbourne". Concerning its approach the plan states that: "20-minute neighbourhoods are the way we can think and act locally to resolve global challenges, such as reducing emissions and creating more sustainable ways of living."

The "hallmarks" outline that a 20-minute neighbourhood must: •

be safe, accessible and well connected for pedestrians and cyclists to optimise active transport

•

offer high-quality public realm and open spaces

•

provide services and destinations that support local living

•

facilitate access to quality public transport that connects people to jobs and higher-order services

•

deliver housing/population at densities that make local services and transport viable

•

facilitate thriving local economies.

The plan establishes ‘hallmarks’ that provide a foundation and outcomes measure for the delivery of inclusive, vibrant and healthy neighbourhoods.

Diagram of the "20-Minute Neighbourhoods", 20-Minute Neighbourhoods-Creating a more liveable Melbourne

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How Local Identity affect the 15-min city What is local identity? There is no clear definition of the term. It has many facets that operate and become visible on different levels. What is clear, however, is that local identity is fundamental to the development of urban space, as it contributes significantly to its function, its design and its social dynamics.

Identity at the local level does not refer to the whole urban space, but rather to a specific place, district or neighbourhood within a city. Thus, the characteristics that shape local identity are strongly interwoven with the social fabric, i.e. the inhabitants of a neighbourhood. The local identity of a place is shaped by its appropriation by its inhabitants. They influence the spatial design by, for example, painting house facades or designing unused green spaces. In addition, the residents of a district naturally also contribute to which shops, restaurants, clubs and leisure facilities are to be found there.

Furthermore, we made a detailed compilation of all the organisations and associations that provide information about the social composition and participation of the residents of the area and thus form an important part of the local identity.

On the following pages we have presented and summarised our findings in interpretative maps and description boxes.

In particular, the cohesion, existing or not, among the residents has a decisive influence on the local identity. Whether one feels comfortable in a place, can identify with it and thus feels the desire to be an active part of shaping it, depends on whether there is cohesion and a sense of community among the residents. If this is the case, a place can develop a strongly positive local identity; if it is not, the local identity of a place is perceived as rather negative.

In our analysis, we set out to explore the local identities within our area. While visiting part of the area in Milan, we were able to get an impression of the surroundings with our own eyes, which we captured in photographs. We also researched social media to find out which places are particularly frequented and often shared, which groups are formed, such as social streets or districts or parent groups, and physical attraction points that are particularly attractive to the residents of the area and where people often meet.

Impressions of the study area in Milan Authors: Group F

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Supra-local Poles of Attraction

C

D E

B

A

2.5km

0

Supra-local Poles of Attraction

A

B

Sources:https://www.dati.lombardia.it/

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C

D

E

Eating Places Legend Fast Food Point Bar Restaurant Cafe Buildings

As can be seen, the vast majority of cafes and restaurants are located in the dense residential areas of Milano municipalities. This rather evident concentration continues along the Viale Monza which connects central parts of Milano

and Sesto San Giovanni. The least number of eateries can be found in Vimodrone and Segrate.

Also, worth mentioning is that there are not so many eating places in Cologno Monzese, yet they are distributed rather evenly.

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca; https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595

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Social and Cultural Facilities Legend Catholic Churches and Parishes Arts Center Library Architecture of particular Interest Weekly Markets Community Centers Cinema Buildings

It is not surprising that in comparison to peripheral districts the central parts of Milano are rich in evenly distributed social and cultural facilities. Architectures of particular interest are mostly located in the same area and also can be found in the central part of Sesto San

Giovanni. Interestingly, Sesto San Giovanni hosts a significant number of weekly markets both in central and peripheral neighborhoods. It could possibly indicate an active community or local government.

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595

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Poles of Attraction for Gathering Legend Rivers / Steams Playgrounds uncultivated Green Spaces Gardens Forests Parks Sports Facilities Camp sites and Accomodations Amusement Parks Water Reservoirs Buildings

While the majority of eateries are located in the municipalities of Milano, the situation is quite the opposite with open spaces for gathering. Green areas can be found basically anywhere except for dense residential tissue of central parts of Milano.

Playgrounds and sports facilities are distributed

quite evenly. One interesting emerging pattern is the closeness of sports facilities to the parks and recreational areas. Bigger campsites are predictably are located further from central parts of municipalities and are connected to green areas.

Sources: http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595

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Types of Associations

LEGEND

Cultural association

Enviromental association Social association

Sportive association

International association Commercial association

Sources:see bibliography section Maps of Association

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Percentage of Association Types Social Cultural Sportive Environmental International Commercial

�

�

The diagrams show the concentration of associations according to six different categories: social, cultural, sportive, environmental, international and commercial. As visible, the highest concentration of activity corresponds to associations of a cultural nature. This includes aggregated, recreational and educational activities. There are also social associations, which cater to the promotion of social inclusion and employment accessibility (in the form of diverse projects, initiatives, networks and activities), as well as focusing on the theme of health. After these two categories, the third most popular activity types are sports associations, of which there are many scattered around the territories.

They are then followed by a smaller number of commercial, international and environmental associations.

Percentage of Municipalities Municipio 2 Municipio 3 Vimodrone Cologno Monzese Sesto San Giovanni Segrate

pio 2

0

1 Km

Municipio 3

Vimodrone

Cologno Monzese

Sesto San Giovanni

The municipalities with the most associations, and thus the most locally activated, energised and dynamic environment, are the Municipio 2 and 3 of Milan. However, if these municipalities are analytically distinguished from the other four municipalities, the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni certainly stands out for its high quantity of associations. The abundance of local activity points to an active citizenry, a diverse set of sociabilities and possibly even higher levels of social and local identities.

The levels of local and social activity in the municipalities is then followed by Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate respectively.

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Reachability of Weekly Markets LEGEND

200m

400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Weekly Markets

Reachability of Associations LEGEND

200m 400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Associations

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Reachability of Eatery Services LEGEND

200m

400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Eatery Service

Reachability of Churches LEGEND

200m

400m 600m 800m 1000m 1200m 1200m Churches

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Level of Reachability regarding the Funtioning of the 15 Minute City

LEGEND

Most Concentrated and Reachable

Less Concentrated and Reachable Research Elements

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Based on the calculation of the reachability of elements related to social identity and sociability, we overlapped them. This culminated in the visible geographic manifestation of some areas which are rich in these elements, and others which are not.

From the map, we can see most of the physical and social identities are concentrated in the residential fabric, especially in the historic nucleus part of Milan and the surrounding historical districts. Gathering space like cafes, churches and parks together provide space for local people to be engaged in the community public life. Mobility network will encourage or prevent the local identities from emerging, which depends on its situation. Landmarks will emphasize the local identities. Besides, associations and temporary events are recognized as social identities in this neighborhood. Furthermore, considering youngsters communicating through smart phones and some schools with parents committee, there are also vivid digital identities under this community.

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Conclusion This initial research has aimed to broaden the understanding of the territory, based on its physical and social characteristics of identity. As such, the different forms of identity in the territory have been investigated. They include a diverse set of physical, social and digital layers, which affect the neighbourhoods in different ways and form unique senses of place, belonging and community spirit.

The analysis has also started to explore the local identities relative to the 15-minute city concept, with a particular focus on sociability densities and their relation to the built environment. It has revealed the diverse levels of proximity to amenities and activities for locals.

The final large-scale map shows the overall concentration of “sociability” elements across the territory. It combines the associations, places to eat, markets and churches. As visible, the intensities of activity tend to concentrate in certain realms, specifically in the densely built districts and historical centres. As such, one can initially notice certain (dense) areas already adhering to 15-minute city notions. These areas are also marked by a high level of bottom-up activity, which in turn points towards the “strength” of identities. The areas marked by such densities are: (1) the innermost parts of Municipio 2 and 3; (2) the corridor that connects the center of Milano with Sesto San Giovanni along the M1, incorporating Milano’s historic neighborhoods of Precotto, Gorla and Turro; (3) the core of Sesto San Giovanni; (4) the central nucleus of Cologno Monzese and other historic nuclei, including San Maurizio al Lambro; (5) the small historical core of Vimodrone; (6) the more scattered spatial concentrations in Segrate, especially in Segrate North, Segrate South and Redeceso.

The diverse set of “identities” investigated in the initial research enabled us to overlap and compare them, thus revealing the ways in which the various social, cultural, educational, virtual and physical identities stand in relation to one another, and whether any initial correlations can be made. This brief initial analysis is therefore socially complex in its nature, which is why it is 22

necessary to state that the research data gathered so far is still “superficial”. This has also been exacerbated by the pandemic situation, which has made it difficult to undertake qualitative research.

Nevertheless, several findings have emerged from the aforementioned overlapping and combination of data. They are represented in the following set of interpretations: 1. The historical centres of the territories correspond to higher levels of activity, with more associations, amenities and cultural facilities than in other parts. This is particularly noticeable in Sesto San Giovanni, with a remarkably high density of community-embedded activities within the historic urban fabric. This is also the case for Cologno Monzese and Vimodrone, although the concentration of activities are more punctual than in Sesto, in a smaller realm within their historical cores.

2. Rather than following municipal boundaries, the concentrations of “sociability” (combining social, cultural, food-related and religious activities) actually correspond to the semiformal neighbourhood boundaries. Some of these boundaries have been defined in a recent PGT; some are based on Google Maps; while others are based on the historical, morphological centres. It was surprising to see that these “neighbourhoodlabels” really do represent the realms of local activity. They can thus be interpreted as local identity strongholds.

3. These dense, consolidated tissues are also marked by a mixture of uses and a high diversity of social activities. This is exemplified in the eastern neighbourhoods of Milan, including NoLo, Casoretto and Acquabella, as well as the M1 and M2 axes, incorporating Precotto, Turro, Gorla, Cimiano and Crescenzago. It is also visible in Sesto San Giovanni, where features of local activity and identity are strongly present around the historical nucleus and in the Rondinella neighbourhood.

4. The planned districts tend to correspond to less cohesive realms of activity, with less social

involvement and energy. This is exemplified in some areas of Segrate, and is likely linked to the mono-functionalities that characterise them (either residential, industrial or corporate).

5. The “citadels” (monofunctional, highly specialized and largely isolated settlements) are marked by low levels of sociability. This is due to their nature as supra-local poles of attraction.

Even though their presence usually characterises their surrounding area perceptions, they tend not to be embedded in local sociability networks. This is due to their supra-local (or global) orientation, which often results in very few connections with the local population (except for Politecnico di Milano). This represents another type of “division” within this vast territory.

6. The broad axes of the river and highway divide the entire territory into two parts, one on the east and one on the west. The Milan municipalities form a semi-continuum with the very dense realm of Sesto San Giovanni (both in the west), which are sharply divided from the areas of dense activity in the other three municipalities. This division certainly marks the socio-spatial forms of identity in each realm. For example, the spatial separation from Milan has in all likelihood influenced the way the Vimodrone population act, play, live and perceive themselves.

7. The “centralities” of Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate can be perceived as “satellites” around the city. Their morphologies are more spatially discontinuous than the west.

Nevertheless, even though their active districts are slightly isolated, they do not seem to be more disconnected from each other than to Milan.

This invokes the potential of focusing on their connections, rather than succumbing to a “citycentric”/radial approach of urban analysis and development.

growing dynamism of activity, and therefore also high levels of human-centric social identities in the territory as a whole.

9. The municipalities with lower levels of foreigners (around 10%, in Vimodrone and Segrate), as opposed to 17/18% (Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese and Milan), are also marked by a less dense built environment. Interestingly, the former two municipalities also have much lower levels of bottom-up activity. There may thus be a correlation between such demographic tendencies and the levels of local “identity” in a given place. In fact, it is also notable that a very high proportion of associations (in all 6 municipalities) are marked by foreign elements. As such, one could hypothesise that the overarching local “identities” of such territories are defined by cultural and ethnic diversity.

10. The analysis of virtual identities - using Instagram as a source, thus predominantly representing young people - shows that digitally “popular” places correspond to areas with high local activity, although also incorporating supralocal places of attractivity. Some examples are: Lambrate, popular on social media but also full of locally-embedded sociabilities; Città Studi, characterized by both supralocal attractiveness and local dynamism (as shown by Cistà platform); and San Maurizio al Lambro, high in local activity and also “virtually” popular. This stands in contrast to Novegro (in Segrate), which is popular on Instagram - due to its hosting of events - but not dynamic at all in relation to local activities.

8. In the analysis and mapping of the associations, we discovered that more than half of them have been established in the last 10 years. This shows that the area is certainly very “active”, with a N EI GHB OR HOOD PLAN S FOR THE 15- MIN CITY

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Chapter 2 24

Understanding Quartiere Adriano Following the first analysis phase, we decided to focus on the Adriano district, in north-eastern Milan, as our project site. This resulted from our heightened interest in this realm, due to its idiodynchratic peculiarities of socio-spatial and service-related contrasts and deficiencies, intense transformations and spatial points of interest.

It is an area that has attracted a lot of political and social interest in recent years. This is partially due to the fact that it is undergoing vast transformations, with a whole new face of this part of the city in the process of emerging. Due to the large-scale nature of the new projects, one could hyperbolically even say that the changes represent what “type of city” Milan wants to be; what direction is the real-estate development going; and for whom is it being catered to? The changes have also invoked interest due to some recent riticisms (within architectural scenes but also in general) of some of the urban design features, which partially pertain to the large transformation projects in the western section of the area. These criticisms include: apparent deficiencies of human-scale elements in the built environment, a lot of space for cars, and a lack of ground floor activities for sociability and commerce.

The district of Adriano, known as “Quartiere Adriano”, is often spatially ascribed to the NIL 17 zone on the outer edge of Municipio 2.

Nevertheless, in daily conversations among the Milanese inhabitants, the name "Adriano" is often used to describe the northern half of this administrative zone. It is an area that has been marked by significant transformation processes and socio-spatial upheaval over the last 100 years.

Such transformations have continued to this day, with the ongoing establishment of new, lucrative spaces for dwelling and commerce.

As our broad geographical analysis of “sociability reachabilities” [see end of part 1] has shown us, the Adriano site is marked by a precise zone of dense sociabilities (in the southern part; the historical

centre near Crescenzago), as well as a mantle of apparent sociability emptiness in the northern section, specifically in the north west. In real terms, this emptiness comes in the form of a lack of eatery establishments, associations, churches and weekly markets. As defined in section 1, such places are vital for the completion and social consolidation of the 15-minute city. Having the possibility to access these places in a short space of time - by foot or bicycle - is a necessity for ensuring socio-spatial justice, healthy neighbourhoods and higher levels of sustainability. However, inhabitants of many places, such as within some residential blocks of northern Adriano, are still forced to take their car if they want to access such locations. Furthermore, in general, higher levels of “sociability” features have been proven to enhance the social connectivity between local residents or commercial actors, thus culminating in higher levels of human wellbeing and collective solidarity.

Nevertheless, some of the said sociability deficiencies within the realm of Adriano are also down to the fact that it is in the process of changing. This has meant the existence of large construction sites, with some lasting for decades, and thus temporarily less density, which is the bedrock for sociability features. Nevertheless, many of these buildings are already complete, so a large proportion of the site is indeed inhabited.

And, despite this, the deficiency of sociabilites and ground floor activity certainly remains.

The following research analysis and project contextualisation aims to further discover these apparent deficiencies. We aim to pinpoint the precise features that are currently inhibiting the area to become a socially supportive 15-minute city, ranging from urban design features, to types of housing allocation, bicycle infrastructures and programmatic functions. By pinpointing these areas and issues, we lay the framework for possible interventions that aim to make the district more accessible, socially just and sustainable.

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General perception of the neighborhood

Indust ri

Adriano, goodbye to the "Mushroom": a swimming pool will be built on its ashes.

dn Old an

al Lan d

marks

y dentit i f o s ment

ew ele

Small crim inality phen omena

Esselunga S

upermarke t

A thousand euros theft in Esselunga supermarket in Adriano St.

Urban decay in M continues...".

Social Associations

New develo

pments

Casa della Carità turns eighteen. Father Colmegna: "Pandemic is not democratic".

Milan/

Sesto

San G iovann i

s mmunitie o c t n e r Diffe

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Adriano Community Days: the event for the communities of Adriano

Reporting some of the recent news coming from the neighborhood allowed us to get a glimpse at the general perceptions of public opinion and the ideas that the local community have of the area.

Much of the information found in the news talks about the new developments happening, the delays that sometimes occur and the promises made to the inhabitants (which are sometimes welcomed with disenchantment and disbelief).

Much journalitic space is also used to report the activites and events organized by the local social associations such as Comitato Parco Adriano, Casa della Carita, Fondazione Bertini Malgarini, C.A.G. e C.A.M. Cattabrega.

The identity of the neighborhood is in a moment of rapid revolution due to the development of the area and the overlapping of old and new elements and populations.

Here comes the new middle school in Adriano: "There will be a one year delay"

Decay

Milan in Tognazzi St. " The decay of neighborhood gardens

Martesana Canal

Pheriphery

Delays

i n t he

Future RSA opens up to the neighborhood and belongs to everybody develo pment s

New Services

Hospitality Pro hospitality banner appear in Adriano

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A transforming neighborhood On the right, Quartiere Adriano's transformations over the past century are depicted, showing the intense nature of transformation that marks the area. In the diagrams, these changes are enveloped by the NIL 17 administrative zone (whose geographical outlines are sometimes used to refer to Adriano, although not always). It is an area that has been marked by significant transformation processes and socio-spatial upheaval over the last 100 years. Such transformations have continued to this day, with the ongoing establishment of new, lucrative spaces for dwelling and commerce.

Historically, most of the terrain was a vast woodland, bordering on the historical Crescenzago neighbourhood to the south and small hamlets to the north, while have close connections to Sesto San Giovanni in the north.

The first major transformation of the 20th century occurred when the Magneti Marelli factory complex was created in 1939, which began the long affiliation between this district and the company (specialised in the production of motors and electrical appliances). The ensuing years saw the factory grow significantly in size and scope, specializing in lighting, radio and television components.

The next large transformation was the establishment of a strictly residential quartier (what we label as “Middle Adriano”) to the east of the factory in the 80s and 90s. It is marked by orthogonal residential blocks, residential solitaires and neighbourhood service buildings, which were developed in a modernist manner, hosting local associations and sports facilities.

Following the closure of the Magneti Marelli factory by the 2000s, the next local upheaval project commenced, with the planned construction of a new (predominantly residential) neighbourhood on the site of the old factory. It consisted of two P.I.I. plans (Programmi Integrati di Intervento), the P.I.I. Adriano Marelli and the P.I.I. Cascina San Giuseppe. The projects included predominantly high-end residential buildings, as well as shopping and tertiary services, all

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Old buildings

New buildings

1946

2000

2020

2024

with supposedly high levels of architectural and environmental “quality”, as well as vast green spaces as a new public park. The developments began in 2006, although, due to various reasons (particularly related to the 2008 financial crisis), the projects were suspended, in some cases in the middle of construction. In 2016, the projects finally resumed, while also being elaborated in some areas. A large part was (and still is) now being developed by the real-estate firm “Gefim”, under the banner “Parco Adriano”.

The initial plans have been elaborated with several (ongoing) projects that emerged from studies into the area’s programmatic deficiencies. This includes the construction of a middle school (for children aged 11 – 14), the burial of visually and acoustically hazardous high-voltage lines (which ran along the northern section), the creation of

a swimming pool and the extension of the Tram network, to improve the area’s accessibility.

Nevertheless, the area has significant issues visà-vis a liveable, socially active and walkable 15-minute city. There is a lack of human scale in the urban fabric of “New Adriano” and its planned developments and a shortage of “sociability” possibilities. This is exacerbated by the focus on private housing, most of which is described as "prestigious" by Parco Adriano. It is governed by entrepreneurial agendas to maximise profits, rather than catering to the local needs or diversity of inhabitants/activities. From the plans, there is a distinct shortage of ground floor (smallscale) commercial + associative activity, which are vital elements for active, 15-minute city neighbourhoods. These problems and potentials are dealt with in the last sections of this document.

Photo source: https://blog.urbanfile.org/2020/06/27/milano-crescenzago-quartiere-adriano-ricostruire-la-memoria-di-un-quartiere-che-rinasce/

HISTORIC VIEW OF ADRIANO - FACTORIES AND WAREHOUSES

VIEWS WITH DRONE OF THE ADRIANO - 2016 N EI GHB OR HOOD PLAN S FOR THE 15- MIN CITY

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Recognize different parts - typical elements in Quartiere Adriano

From Lidl to home - No services or sociabilities - Space dominated by cars - Parking spaces throughout - Long, liveless “walls” and “fences”

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ROUTE 1

From home to Esselunga - No direct access through the “green patch” - No sociabilities/services along the route (except for sports infrastructure and church) - Many long fences & hedges - Lack of zebra crossing / easy access betwen Via Pietro Nenni & Via Giuseppe Saragat - Lack of easy pedestrian acces in front of Esselunga (other side of the road)

ROUTE 2

ROUTE 3

From home to the historical centre - Many long walls and fences in the northern part of the route - Unfriendly barrier (to the side) in the “green patch” - just fences and electric lines above - No river route! --> Detour reguired - Even though there are “gaps” in the urban fabric, there is no public access to the river - Via S. Mamete --> not very pedestrian-friendly &some buildings in poor condition

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Maps of Population Composition Density of total population

Legend (Number of people per square hectare)

Density of young inhabitants (under 20)

Legend (Number of people per square hectare)

Density of elderly inhabitants (over 65)

Legend (Number of people per square hectare)

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Density of foreign inhabitants

Legend (Number of people per square hectare)

Density of Single families

Legend (Households per square hectare)

Density of families with at least 4 components

Legend (Households per square hectare)

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Maps of Transportation General Situation of Local Transportation

Fast Mobility

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Road Hierarchy

Slow Mobility

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Residential Fabric, Industrial Area and Commercial Area We have tried to show the relationship between the different types of residential, industrial and commercial land use in the adriano area, and we can see that the residential areas in the area are mainly concentrated in the north and south, and are homogeneous, with the majority of them being of average density and continuous residential

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fabric. It is evident that the residential areas adjacent to the Cresenzago have a continuous and uniform texture, while those in the north tend to be fragmented and inwardly oriented, often forming inner courtyard blocks. The main industrial and commercial sites are concentrated in the central and western parts of the area, such

NIL 17

as the Esselunga supermarket and the Siemens factory. In the south-west corner there are large mixed-use sites with derelict areas in the residential area, i.e. Cargo and its surrounding area. Here is a gradual increase in the scale of the blocks within the area from south to north, creating a trend of transition from the city centre to the periphery.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Greenery The district has many green spaces, varying from public areas (particularly in the eastern section) to private garden domains within residential blocks, to agricultural fields in the north. The Parco Lambro represents another green “lung” nearby, while the Adriano district hosts an array of playgrounds and (indoor and outdoor) sports

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facilities. As such, the local users have plenty of accessible recreational space. Nevertheless, there are still large tracts of derelict spaces, many of which are uninviting or fenced off (such as the east-west “green barrier”). These elements generate some areas of low-quality public space.

There is also the loud high-voltage line that spans

NIL 17

along this “green barrier”. The variegated area also includes the Canal Martesana in the south, which is only accessible on the southern bank (with a bike lane). The whole domain has quite a dense network of bike lanes, which, along with the various bus routes and the soon-to-be extended “Tram 7” line, form a highly accessible area.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Transformation projects As described in the first section, Adriano is a place under transformation, with many large project sites in construction and a lot of temporarily vacant land. These projects are concentrated in the north-western section, meaning that Adriano has the potential to provide more public space for the surrounding area in the future. Much of

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these constrictions form part of the P.I.I. Adriano Marelli and P.I.I. Cascina San Giuseppe, which predominantly cater to private residences.

Nevertheless, there is also a large swimming pool complex underway, as well as a middle school, the aforementioned tram extension, and the “parkification” of some underused green spaces.

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While some voltage power lines remain, others (in the northern part) were recently put underground.

Furthermore, an underground commercial plaza is to be built, containing residences and mostly offices. In general, the recent and emerging developments are marked by a lack of community-oriented facilities and places for small-scale commercial activity.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Commercial Services The area of New Adriano - and to a lesser extent Middle Adriano - are marked by deficiencies of small-scale commercial activity. Meanwhile, the southern half of the district is brimming with locally-embedded commercial life. This has a social effect as well, with an array of local ties, networks and habits formed around the so-called

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“foundational economy”. Most of the commercial activities of the neighbourhood are distributed along two streets: via Padova and via Adriano, which have very different characteristics. A dense and small-grain network of neighbourhood shops can be found along via Padova, which can be considered a commercial street. Contrary to this,

NIL 17

via Adriano is marked by large-scale commerce, such as the Esselunga and Lidl, which have supra-local functions. Moreover, some residential blocks on via Adriano have commercial spaces on the ground floor, while on the other side of the block (via La Malfa), several shop spaces are afflicted with vacancies; certainly an issue to be tackled in the neighbourhood.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Cultural Services, Schools and Reachability This map shows the high presence of first level schools in the neighbourhood, as well as a variety of different schools in the surrounding neighbourhoods. These first-level schools cover most of the Adriano site. Nevertheless, since the demographic composition of New Adriano is still changing (due to ongoing residential

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developments), it remains to be seen whether another school may be necessary in the western section. Moreover, as previously indicated, a large problem in the area used to be the shortage of second level schools, which has been dealt with by the plan of a new middle school. The analysis of the cultural services show how the connection

NIL 17

with viale Monza and via padova – which both have high levels of cultural elements – is fundamental, in order to provide such accessibilities to Adriano’s inhabitants. Currently, most of these services lie within a 15-minute bicycle or walking distance.

TNT Trotter Theater Accessibility by feet: 36 min by bike: 10 min

Area Zelig Accessibility by feet: 30 min by bike: 11 min

S. Domingo Theater Accessibility by feet: 30 min by bike: 11 min

Theater-Study Frigia 5 Accessibility by feet: 34 min by bike: 11 min by public transport: 23 min

Theater Officina Accessibility by feet: 28 min by bike: 12 min by public transport: 23 min

Multiplex Skyline Accessibility by feet: 53 min by bike: 16 min by public transport: 41 min by car: 11 min

Uci Cinema Bicocca Accessibility by feet: 51 min by bike: 15 min by public transport: 30 min by car: 10 min

Neighborhood Library Crescenzago Accessibility by feet: 17 min by bike: 5 min by public transport: 13 min Lumi University Library Accessibility by feet: 34 min by bike: 10 min by public transport: 23 min Sesto Municipal Library Accessibility by feet: 24 min by bike: 8 min by public transport: 17 min

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Maps of Public Services and Reachability In this map, we analysed the distribution and reachability of four types of public service facility that serve the daily living needs of residents, including hospitals; pharmacies; post offices; and an administrative services. We then combined these elements together, giving a rough view of the realms with higher or lower public service

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accessibility. We calculated the reachability of the facilities with two level of distance. For hospital and administrative services (more supra-local), we chose 1000m as the 15-minute walking distance.

For post office and pharmacy (more local), we chose 500m to satisfy the daily local life. As one can see, most of the inhabited area is “ covered”

NIL 17

by the service types, although not all of it. Taking the electric “green” corridor in the middle of Adriano as the boundary, it is obvious that the newly built area on the northwest side of Adriano (“New Adriano”) is distinctly lacking in the provision of truly local public services, while the northern part is not extremely close to administrative (or post-office) services.

•Administrative Service Reachability

•Hospital Service Reachability

•Pharmacy Service Reachability

•Post Office Service Reachability

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Actors and Collaborative Projects Most locally-connected actors are in Crescenzago, which has a high density of small shops, community organisations and services. However, as soon as one passes the aforementioned “green barrier” to the northern section, the local shops are almost nowhere to be found. Nevertheless, the north-eastern area has an array of associative

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and sportive associations. On the other side, the newly developing areas in the west are marked by a sharp deficit of both associative and locally oriented commercial actors. Despite these sociospatial differences, there has still been some collaboration between the local actors on projects.

This map showcases some of these partnerships,

NIL 17

which range from a trio of informal resident committees collaborating with the middle school development plans, to a social inclusion project for migrants, aiming to valorise their gastronomic identities. We view such synergies and collaborations as vital in terms of promoting liveability, and we view the facilitation of such projects as a necessity.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Map of Local Actors, Areas of Sociability and Facebook Presence This map shows the socially-oriented actors and spaces in the area. The map differentiates between the places whose activities are strictly based in that locality (for example, the Pirouettes dance school, or the Adriano Community Centre), and the institutions whose activities physically extend beyond their location/space. The latter

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includes organisations that are “mobile”, and whose activities/energies can be mobilised in other locations (for example, the Associazione Sinitah music centre, who take part in workshops, concerts and various events throughout Milan).

This differentiation is interesting because it shows which actors could potentially be mobilized to

NIL 17

“activate” certain spaces or people – such as in the northern areas, which are lacking in some sociability possibilities, in particular for young adults. On the other hand, it also shows potential spaces that could be used for sociability (or even commercial) gatherings, in order to maximise the use of space and the density of social opportunity.

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Reading Quartiere Adriano - Conclusion This general analysis of Adriano has revealed it as a highly variegated district, marked by three neighbourhoods that are socially, spatially and programmatically different from one another.

The southern part (Crescenzago) is commercially, spatially and socially dense, compact and active.

The eastern part is quite active in terms of local community activities, but commercially deficient, with many inhabitants having to venture south to meet their daily or weekly needs. Moreover, this act of “venturing south” is met with several landscape features that, in some areas, are not exactly “pedestrian-friendly”. This includes the previously described “green barrier”, with its fences, derelict fields and high-voltage power lines, as well as a lack of access to the northern riverbank.

Beyond this, the western section of the Adriano area is even less qualitative for the average pedestrian. It is marked by a severe lack of human-scale in many domains, lengthy wall areas, spaces dominated by cars and large supra-local commercial services, as well as low levels of smallscale, “foundational” commercial services and community-oriented organisations. As previously delved into, this western section is undergoing a wholesale transformation, with an array of construction projects to develop vast residential spaces, a school, office spaces and a swimming pool.

Despite the possible “claims” by real-estate actors, the new development projects of "Parco Adriano" (lef by Gefim) do not seem to cater to the local needs, such as the aforementioned commercial and community activities. There is also a distinct lack of socially-embedded services or human-centric urbanity on most of the ground floors. Instead, the development agenda has clearly been focused on inviting new, relatively affluent families to the district (instead of achieving a balanced social mix that reflects the neighbourhood demographic features of the local vicinity, as well as Milan as a whole). One could perhaps choose to argue that since there are already a relatively high number of affordable housing possibilities

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nearby (especially in the eastern arae of NIL-17, with its vast, affordable housing blocks built in the 80s), the focus on private housing, without provision for social mix and the least-affluent members of society, could be acceptable. We disagree with this perspective. For us, the fact that there are affordable houses nearby does not justify the exclusion of the disadvantaged in the new developments. And while some "edilizia conventionata" apartments have been envisaged in the northern part of "Parco Adriano", this number is miniscule compared to the magnitue of private apartments being created in the district.

While they may not be as expensive as some new luxury housing developments seen across Milan, these new, state-of-the-art apartments will not be cheap. They are even described by Gefim (on the Parco Adriano website) as "Residenze di prestigio" (prestigious residences).

They are also marked by a “profit-centric” development model, whereby real-estate actors (in this case, largely driven by “Gefim”, under the banner “Parco Adriano”) have seem to had central decision making prowess, with the focus thus on maximizing revenues. This certainly invokes scepticism on our part, as we believe that the local community needs should be at the heart of neighbourhood development schemes. Some of these problems are dealt with in the following sections, in which we aim to mitigate some of the problematic features of the area, as well as build upon some potentials (such as the various synergies – including some new community schemes – between existing actor networks).

These potentials could ultimately help create a more liveable, socially dynamic, spatially agreeable and inclusive neighbourhood; all vital elements of a contemporary 15-minute city.

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Defining the Problem:

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Three fragmented neighborhoods

NEW Adriano •Young inhabitants (under 20) •Large blocks, semi-enclosed highrises •Vast public space & not walkable streets •Low public service level and commercial activities •Many new projects being developed •Most developments catering to private housing MIDDLE Adriano •Young and elderly inhabitants, large families •Medium/small blocks and "lined" spatial forms •Medium and concentrated public space •Enjoyable side walk environments •Moderate public service level and associations •New middle school and parks being developed OLD Adriano •Elderly and foreign inhabitants, single families •Small blocks and enclosed spatial forms •Small and dispersed public spaces •Continuous and active side walk networks •High public service levels •High diversity of small commerce and sociabilities •Stable and mature built environment

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The characteristics of the three neighborhoods - OLD Adriano SWOT analysis

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No public access in northern riverbank; shortage of bridges to connect the sides of the Martesana Canal; some unused spaces in the west; deficiencies in the bicycle infrastructure.

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The characteristics of the three neighborhoods - Middle Adriano SWOT analysis

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Many commercial vacancies around Via Ugo La Malfa; bicycle lane shortages; vast, inaccessible “green barrier” separating the north & south; invasive electrical power line along the barrier.

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The characteristics of the three neighborhoods - New Adriano SWOT analysis

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Scarcity of sociabilities & small commerce; deficiencies vis-à-vis walking & cycling; shortage of truly affordable housing (only some “edilizia conventionata” apartments in the north) ; vast underused spaces.

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Potential of the three neighborhoods to develop the 15-min city as a whole Analysis Conclusion - Areas of required intervention: Based on the above analysis of Adriano, the parts with potential for intervention have been identified and summarised.

The strategies will focus on these intervention necessities, setting the framework to ultimately achieve 15-min city characteristics both within and between the three neighbourhoods.

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Chapter 3 64

Neighborhood Plan for a 15-Min City The following section aims to utilise our analytical conclusions of Adriano as a platform to actively achieve the goals we set to achieve. These goals include improving the social justice, sustainability, walkability, levels of accessible sociability and collective solidarity of the local neighbourhoods.

As our analysis has pointed out, the attainment of such features are integral to achieving socially equitable, inclusive and resilient 15-minute cities.

They are vital for a future in which one does not have to venture very far to fulfill one's daily needs, access social activities and communal possibilities.

As the previous section has shown, there are several areas in the broad realm of Adriano which we have identified as requring intervention. In these places, some sort of change would be necessary in order to attain the aforementioned 15-minute city goals. They range from urban design features, to lack of functional diversities, deficiencies of locally-oriented commerce and sociabilities; cycling infrastructure shortages and problems of commercial vacancy.

The previous analysis also showcases the extremely different features of what we have discovered as three distinct neighbourhoods. These comprise of what we have referred to as: (1) "New Adriano" (mosty made up of recent developments, private housing constructions and large sports and office facilties); (2) "Middle Adriano" (mostly built in the 80s and comprising of housing, vacant shop space, association + sport infrastructures); and (3) "Old Adriano" (mostly pre-WW2 buildings, high levels of commercial and associational activity; high demographic diversity and numbers of elderly residents). These three neighbourhoods are marked by different built environment typologies, types of public space and population characteristics, while also being "separated" by spatial urban barriers.

As three distinct neighbourhoods, each one therefore has its own unique deficiencies inhibiting it from following our 15-minute city ideals. At the same time, the fact that the three neighbourhoods

are so spatially separated (in terms of slow-mobility accessibilty) means that its hard for them to "cater to" the deficiencies of the other. For example, the fact that walking from "New Adriano" to "Old Adriano" is so problematic, means the services that are located within the latter (such as the likes of local key repair shops) are less accessible to those living in the former.

Based on these understandings of (a) geographic fragmentation between the neighbourhoods and (b) the individual deficiencies within each neighbourhoods, our "double-pronged" approach has emerged. This appropach aims to (a) to enhance the connectivity between the three neighbourhoods, while also (b) improving the liveability and social justice in each neighbourhood. The idea (b) is to make as much as possible accessible within each neighbourhood - in terms of basic needs, services, qualitative environments and realms of sociability while also acknowledging that (a) not every type of amenity can exist in every district. There are always some features and services of adjacent quarters that are unique, while there are many people who live on the "border" of the neighbourhoods, so enabling a seamless, easy and qualitative physical transition from one area to another is paramount in order to achieve a coherent, sustainable, socially just and diverse whole.

This double-pronged goal forms the backbone of 6 overarching strategies that implement it. These strategies either fulfil one or both of these two overall goals, while being based on the problems and areas of required intervention found in the previous analysis. These broad strategies include: ensuring affordable housing, activating vacant commercial spaces and underused areas in general, extending the bike lanes, removing spatial barriers and facilitating connectivity among locals. They then themselves form the backbone of 4 concrete, strategic projects which put them in place in reality.

This section delves into these 4 projects, including their spatial, organisational and feasibility features.

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Goals and Concept

Understanding Quartiere Adriano Three distinct neighbourhoods

• Geographically separated • Each with specific problems and deficiencies (preventing them from being 15-min cities in their own right)

GOALS, EMERGING FROM ANALYSIS

1. Enhance connectivity between the 3 neighbourhoods • Helping the neighbourhoods cater to the others ones' needs • Improving the local walkability and facilitate accessibility of diverse services of theare as a whole 2. Improve liveability and social justice in each neighbourhood • Facilitating each neighbouhood to become as “self-sustainable” as possible, with a variety of services and sociabilities • Reducing the 15-min deficiencies in each district

OVERARCHING STRATEGIES (based on the area’s problematics, aiming to induce the above goals)

STRATEGIC PROJECTS: (ACTORS, CHALLENGES, TIMELINE, POLICIES) 66

1. Ensuring social mix & adequate levels of affordable housing • New Adriano (differentiate the planned housing supply, addition of a new - mainly - housing block) 2. Activate vacant commercial space & buidings • Around Via Ugo La Malfa & near Cargo & the Martesana Canal; with resource sharing 3. “Open” the green barrier • Activating the space, to be used by the local population + adjacent new community centre • Burying the invasive electrical power line (currently running along the green barrier) • Human-scale regeneration of the public space (trees, playgrounds, activities etc.)

• Facilitate the north-south connection; with a new “slow mobility” node 4. Activate the underused, derelict and inaccessible areas (particularly near the industires in the west and the northern riverbank) • Provide new uses (including a general densification), some new buildings for commerce • Landscale design, 2 new bridges over the canal; opening the northern riverbank to public 5. Extend and connect the bicycle lanes • Connect the areas of problematic discontinuity • E.g. north-south connection; on the Green Barrier; in Old Adriano 6. Facilitate realms of social connectivity and resilience • Activating some ground floor areas of New Adriano (which is now almost entirely residential and inaccessible to the urban space “user”, with smace for small-scale commerce • Inviting neighbourhood associations from the whole of Adriano into the area, to activate the realm and create more sociabilities in New Adriano • Establishment of a digital network of local civil society and small commercial actors

1. New Adriano (Alternative future) 2. Part of old Adriano (Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal) 3. Part of middle Adriano (Activate vacancies in and around Via Ugo La Malfa) 4. Transformed Power line area ("Open" the green barrier)

3 FRAGMENTED & INTERNALLY DEFICIENT NEIGHBOURHODS

3 INTERCONNECTED & INTERNALLY RESILIENT NEIGHBOURHOODS

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General Strategies

Aiming to achieve TWO MAIN GOALS vis-a-vis the 15-min city: (1) Facilitating the connectivity between the 3 different neighbourhoods.

(2) Improving the liveability, social justice, realm of possibilities and self-resilience in each neighbourhood.

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An umbrella organisational process for projects In reality, the yielding of such strategies over such a broad area and in a coherent manner would require a lot of administrative collaboration, and an operational coalition of actors. To compensate for the lack of a current administrative operational “level” at the scale of the Adriano district, and to ensure the local community needs are catered to in the broader picture, we have established a new organisational entity of local actors: the Adriano CLT (ACLT). The ACLT would oversee the whole process of the new Adriano developements, with its

various actor groups being represented in the board of directors. The actors include: local commerce; residents (including the local resident committees); private real-estate developers (including Gefim); Municipio 2 (for planning permission and project facilitation); the Lombardia Region (for housing subsidies); local associations; local educational facilities; wide-reaching NGOs and charities (such as the Cariplo foundation); and sociallyinclined architectural firms (involved as civil society partners). The ACLT would hire architects

STAGE 1: FORMATION OF COALITION --> ADRIANO CLT (ACLT) GOVERNANCE ACTORS FORM ONE ORGANISATION - ACLT

SITE INVESTIGATION + ANALYSIS PROBLEMS + POTENTIALS

WORKING GROUP & REAL-ESTATE ACTOR ACLT

MEDIA COMMUNICATION + MEETINGS + ROLES DECIDED, OBJECTIVES SET

WORKING GROUP & REAL-ESTATE ACTOR ACLT

CITY COUNCIL: MUNICIPIO 2 & REGIONE LOMBARDIA

GUIDANCE OF PROCEDURE & GOALS, FUNDING, PLANNING PERMISSION

CITY COUNCIL: MUNICIPIO 2 & REGIONE LOMBARDIA

COMMUNITY MEETINGS TO REACH AN AGREEMENT DRAFT (including project proposal and budget reservation draft)

STAGE 2: IMPLEMENT

ELABORATION AND SIGNA AGREEMENT WORKING GROUP & REAL-ESTATE ACTOR ACLT CITY COUNCIL: MUNICIPIO 2 & REGIONE LOMBARDIA

EVALUATE THE TERRITORIAL CHANGES

COLLABORATING NGOS

ARCHITECTURE FIRM "COMMUNITY PLANNER" LOCAL COMMERCE, ASSOCIATIONS, RESIDENTS

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION & COLLABORATION, FUNDING SOURCE

COLLABORATING NGOS

ON-THE SPOT INVESTIGATION (FIELD RESEARCH)

ARCHITECTURE FIRM "COMMUNITY PLANNER"

OPEN WORKSHOP (open to the neighborhood and stakeholders, supported by community hub)

COALITION (ACLT) & WORKING TEAM FORMED - OVERALL OBJECTIVES AGREED

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LOCAL COMMERCE, ASSOCIATIONS, RESIDENTS

COLLABORATING NGOS PREPARATION OF ORGANISATIONAL PROCEDURE

IN-DEPTH COST ANALYSIS & RESOURCE ALLOCATION

PROJECT PROPOSALS COLLECTION + AGREEMENT AND BUDGET RESERVATION DRAFT

ARCHITECTURE FIRM "COMMUNITY PLANNER" LOCAL COMMERCE, ASSOCIATIONS, RESIDENTS

DEFINE THE OF THE P THEN SET U OF ACTO INDIVIDU

APPROVE O

BY CITY

SIGNING OF CONCRETI FUNDING EACH

DELIBERA BETWEE PREPARE WITH MO PARTICIPAT

COMPLETE PROJECT AGREEM COALITIONS AND APPROVALS BY CITY CO

for the broad planning schemes, while the individual projects on the ground would involve further coalitions (where ACLT would be an actor). The funding would largely come from public, private and charitable resources (mainly the coalition actors). Nevertheless, ACLT will also be involved as a real-estate actor in several ground floor areas of the district (acquring the land and then renting it or selling the “occupation rights” to the building users), and will thus also generate income from these occupiers.

The Adriano CLT ownership model Local residents

Locally-implicated commercial actors

Civil society organisations + architectural firms

Municipio 2 + Regione Lombardia

TATION OF THE 4 PROJECTS

STAGE 3: PROJECT END & CONTINUATION

ATURE OF

ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING OF THE RESULTS

E BROAD GOALS PROJECTS --> UP A COALITION ORS FOR EACH UAL PROJECT

OF PROPOSALS Y COUNCILS

F CONTRACTS & ISE INDIVIDUAL SOURCES FOR H PROJECT

ATE & MEDIATE EN ACTORS, WORKSHOPS ODELS ETC. --> TION OF LOCALS

MENT, NEW D OUNCIL

IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING OF THE AGREEMENT WORKING GROUP & REAL-ESTATE ACTOR ACLT CITY COUNCIL: MUNICIPIO 2 & REGIONE LOMBARDIA

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOUR SEPARATE PROJECTS - OF WHICH ACLT IS ONE OF MANY ACTORS

FORMULATE PHASED PROJECT EVALUATION INDICATORS

COLLABORATING NGOS COLLABORATIVE SUPPORT BETWEEN ACTORS OF THE INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS

ARCHITECTURE FIRM "COMMUNITY PLANNER" LOCAL COMMERCE, ASSOCIATIONS, RESIDENTS

COORDINATE THE POSSIBLE CONFLICTS DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION

SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 4 INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS

WORKING GROUP & REAL-ESTATE ACTOR ACLT

COLLABORATING NGOS

LOCAL COMMERCE, ASSOCIATIONS, RESIDENTS

FINAL ANALYSIS OF RESULTS & PUBLISHING

COMMUNITY MEETING TO COLLECT THE FEEDBACK (in order to summarize experience and avoid repetition of mistakes)

WHILE SOME OF THE INDIVIDUAL PROJECT COALITIONS MAY COME TO AN END, THE ACLT WILL CONTINUE AS AN ACTIVE REAL-ESTATE ACTOR IN THE DISTRICT. IT ALSO ACTS AS AN URBAN PLANNING GUARDIAN OF THE SITE AS A WHOLE

PUBLICATION OF THE RESULTS AND CONTINUATION OF ACLT AS AN ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT ACTOR

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Four zoom-in projects & their feasibility

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Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal - Project plan The first zoom in project that we wanted to present is titled "Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal". The proposal builds on the sinergy with new residential development happening in Meucci St., 47, the prevision of new green areas contained in the PGT and the presence of a powerful and active association such as Cargo in order to revitalize an underused area and create both a new centrality and a system of open spaces to better connect the north and the south of Martesana Canal, also addressing the lack

Site Area: 54,800 m2 New Function: New Plaza for weekly market New Greenery Park New Residential Buildings

Site satellite photo

Cargo

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of green public spaces and sportive infrastructures in the south part of the neighborhood.

The new development in Meucci St., 47 will provide a significant quantity of new residential space with 4 buildings of different heights (four, seven, and a twelve story tower). This new development also contemplate the creation of a new cyclepedestrian bridge across the canal which would be the only way to get across the canal between Ponte Nuovo St. and Costantino square.

In order to achieve a new centrality for the whole

neighborhood, the proposal suggest to create a new plaza for the weekly market, using part of Cargo parking space and a nearby underused area.

Moreover, the Cargospace Betasped bulding on the other side of the street will be acquired and renovated in order to provide new spaces for local associations and commercial activities.

Last but not least, three areas will be renovated as green spaces with sport infrastructures and will connect Martesana canal with Padova St. on the south and Meucci St. with Del Ricordo St. on the

north. Most of these areas are already a possession of the municipality of Milan and the residential development initiative in Meucci St. already considered the redrawing and equipment of one of the areas on the south of the canal.

We considered this initiative extremely relevant in order to regenerate an underused and inaccessible area, create realms of social connectivity and resilience and exploit the momentum generated from forthcoming real estate developments.

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Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal - Project plan

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New plaza

New green areas

Regeneration of Cargo Betasped

Surface area: 5900m2

Surface area: 15622m2

Total floor area: 1108m2 Adjoining open space: 498m2

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Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal - Project feasibility Goal: Enhance connectivity between north and south of Martesana Canal Improve liveability and social justice in each neighbourhood

Site: Huge abandoned green barrier and underused spaces nearby Project 1 New plaza for weekly market: - Acquisition of underused land in Meucci St. - Pavimentation and equipment of the area - Involvment of local commercial activities and weekly market associations

Project 2 Regeneration of Cargo-Space Betasped: -Acquisition of the building

-Renovation of the building and open space - Loaning for use of the building to different associations and local businesses

Project 3 Regeneration of green spaces: - Acquisition of underused land in Meucci St.

- Redrawing of the open space, equippment of green areas and sportive infrastructures

Actors for New plaza for weekly market:

Municipality, nearby associations (Cargo), related companies (associazione Mercati Italiani and Associazione Nazionale Ambulanti), local commercial activities, inhabitants

Actors for Regeneration of Cargo-Space Betasped:

Municipality, nearby associations (Gas Crescenzago, Rusalka Teatro, Corpo musicale Crescenzago , Casa della Carita, Fondazione Bertini Malgarini, C.A.G. e C.A.M. Cattabrega, Punto e a Capo), inhabitants, volunteers

Actors for Regeneration of green spaces:

Municipality, nearby associations (Gas Crescenzago, Comitato Parco Adriano, Casa della Carita, Fondazione Bertini Malgarini, C.A.G. e C.A.M. Cattabrega, Punto e a Capo, Legambiente), inhabitants, volunteers

Challenges:

1. Acquisition of the land and building.

2. Achieve collaboration of Cargo association.

3. Pedestrianization of part of Paradisi Street 4. Involvement of local associations and commercial activities

Rough Costs:

-Acquisition of land and Cargo Betasped Building: 430000 € -Renovation of Cargo Betasped Building: 410000 € -Equippment of Green Areas and Plaza: 120000 €

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Relationship with Existing policies:

2. Sinergy with the new development of Meucci St. 3. Sinergy with green areas prevision of PGT. 4. Sinergy with "Progetto Navigli".

Possible sources and mechanisms of funding: 1. Urbanization charges of the new development in Meucci St.

2. Regional "Interventi finalizzati all’avvio di processi di rigenerazione urbana" program 3. DPCM 21.6.21 National fundings for urban regeneration projects

Main governance and implementation mechanism:

Public private collaboration between Municipality, Real Estate developers and local associations

Timeline Activities

SHORT TERM 0 - 2 years

Acqisition of the land and building

MEDIUM TERM 3 - 5 years

LONG TERM 6 - 10 years

Cost: 430000 €

Equippment of plaza

Cost: 40000 €

Weekly market

Management: 300€/month Revenue: occupation Tax 400€/week

Equippment of green areas on

Cost: 40000 €

Martesana Canal

Equippment of green areas

Management: 300€/month

Cost: 40000 €

on Meucci St.

Renovation of Betasped

Management: 300€/month

Cost: 410000 €

Building

Loaning of the building Revenue: loan 3600€/month

Construction period Management period

0

2

4

6

years

8

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An alternative future of New Adriano - Project plan The second project represents "an alternative future of New Adriano". It is the largest project of the four, while including the contentious topic of housing, which itself sparks debates and is inherently political, since it touches upon questions of which exact social groups are catered to by such developments. For these reasons, we have included a detailed analytical dissection of costs and planning procedures (see p. 86-87).

Since the New Adriano site is undergoing

Site Area: 287,000 m2 New Function: New Afforable Housing New Greenery Park New Swimming Pool New Ground-floor Commercial Spaces Site satellite photo

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immense transformations, we propose an alternative vision, which tweeks the current plans in order to have a more socially inclusive, humanscaled and community-oriented neighbourhood, than the one currently being created. Nevertheless, we have attempted to make these changes as feasable as possible, to improve their chances.

The broad changes include: (1) the conversion of 15 planned flats into “Edilizia Conventionata” apartments, in order to increase social mix and

allow the economically more disadvantaged to also enjoy partake in this new district; (2) the redesign and acquisition of ground floors, run by Adriano CLT and rented out to local associationand small-scale commercial actors, which are both most certainly lacking in the district and its current plans; (3) the development of a new (predominantly housing) block, to increase densities and provide more space for people. It is to be developed under a new coalition of actors (called "CSA"), which include CCL (a

cooperative housing organisation); Parco Adriano (partially subsisided with more "edilizia conventionata"), while incorporating some groundfloor space to be owned and rented out by the Adriano CLT to associations & small shops.

The project also includes (4) the activation of vast public spaces with human-scale sports amenities + community infrastructures, incl. bike workshops, BBQ zones and urban farming plots. Lastly, (5) the bike lane network has been massively extended.

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An alternative future of New Adriano - Project plan

New

Surfac

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swimming pool

New plaza and park

New commercial and services New/altered residences

ce area: 1000m2

Surface area: 16900m2

Surface area: 19000m2

Cooperative housing: 3500m2 Edilizia convenzionata apartments: 4300m2 Private apartments: 10800m2

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An alternative future of New Adriano - Project feasibility Goal: Enhance connectivity between the 3 neighbourhoods; improve liveability + socialjustice in each Site: New Adriano development - social mix, affordable housing, community infrastructure, bike lanes

and locally-embedded ground-floor commercial + associational usage (Adriano CLT as real-estate actor)

Project 1: Affordable & alternative housing: - 15 private apartments (in 3 planned buildings) converted to "edizilia conventionata" housing - Construction of a new block next to the swimming pool (consisting of "conventionata" & private apartments, cooperative housing (CCL) and assocation/commercial space)

Project 2: Ground floor and park activation:

- Redesign of ground floors in 3 planned buildings, accomodating small-scale commerce and associations, owned by Adriano CLT (coalition organisation) and provided to occupiers as rent or CLT (semi-)ownership - New park facilties, bicycle lanes and bike workshops (involving an association + local residents) - Locally-maintained and activated communal spaces (urban gardening, BBQ zone)

Actors for Project 1:

Municipio 2, Gefim (real-estate developer of "Parco Adriano"), Regione Lombardia (conventionata housing funding), CCL (Consorzio Cooperative Lavoratiori), local residents, Adriano CLT

Actors for Project 2:

Municipio 2, nearby commercial actors, 3 local residential committees, further Adriano inhabitants + associations, Fondazione Caripolo, MM (Metropolitana Milanese), Adriano CLT

Challenges:

1. Development, organisation and custodianship of the ground floors by Adriano CLT 2. Planning permission for the new housing block (in a "transformation zone") + funding solicitation 3. Changing the architectural plans for the planned ground floors + finding suitable commercial actors

Rough initial costs: 1. Community park projects (urban gardening, BBQ, bike workshop): 20,000€ 2. New bike lanes in the park: 200,000€ 3. "Edilizia Conventionata" apartments (15) - payment to Gefim: 10,000€ (then 8,000€ / month) 4. Ground floor changes in 4 planned buildings - for commercial space: 3,500,000€ 5. New housing block, commercial/association space + collaborative housing: 4,500,000€

Relation to existing policies:

1. Creation of Esselunga - planning with a large centralised supermarket - effect on local commerce 2. Dedication of large space to private real-estate actor Gefim - gentrification threats 3. Land-use zoning with large plots (not human-scaled) + functional division, invoking "modernist' notions

Possible Sources and Mechanisms of Funding:

1. Regional "Interventi finalizzati all'avvio di processi di rigenerazione urbana" program 2. Gefim (or a different real-estate investor/developer, for the construction of the new housing block) 3. Regione Lombardia ("edilizia conventionata") 4. NGOs (Fondazione Caripolo + MM) & Adriano CLT (with local actors/commerce) - ground floor ownership

Main Governance and Implementation Mechanism:

1. Cooperation between Gefim & Regione Lombardia for the allocation of the conventionata apartments 2. Collaboration between Gefim, Adriano CLT & an architectural firm for the alternative ground floors.

3. Adriano CLT to acquire the ground floors & ensure locally-oriented commercial + associational use 4. New coalition between Gefim, CCL, MM, Caripolo, Municipio 2 and Adriano CLT to create the new block

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An alternative future of New Adriano - Project timeline Activities

SHORT TERM 0 - 2 years

MEDIUM TERM 3 - 5 years

LONG TERM 6 - 10 years

Project 1 (“Project 4”) 1.1 - New bicycle lanes

1.2 - Bicycle workshops + shared parking facilities

Initial Cost: 200,000€

Management Cost: 500€/per year

Initial Cost: 15,000€

Management Cost: 200€/per year Possible Revenue: from bicycle customers & bike sharing revenue

1.3 - Urban gardening areas + BBQ zones

Management Cost: 700€/per year Possible Revenue: local volunteers & renting the spaces

Initial Cost: 5,000€

Project 2 (“Project 1”) 2.1 - Conversion of 15 private Gefim apartments to “edilizia conventionata”

Initial Cost: 10,000€

Management Cost: 8,000€/per year Possible Revenue: Regione Lombardia (housing subsidy)

Initial Cost: 5,000€

Management Cost: 2,000€/per month (until completion) Possible Revenue: Adriano CLT, Gefim, Cariplo

Project 3 (“Project 3”) 3.1 - Redesign of ground floor areas in 3 planned Gefim buildings 3.2 - Construction and operation of these new Adriano CLT-owned spaces

Management Cost: 3,000€/per year Possible Revenue: Adriano CLT, rents from occupiers

Initial Cost: 3,500,000€

Project 4 (“Project 2”) 4.1 - Creation of new CSA coalition to create a new (mainly housing) block

Initial Cost: 5,000€

4.2 - Construction and operation of the new block

Management Cost: 2,500€/per year Possible Revenue: Coalition CSA actors (Adriano CLT, Gefim, Cariplo, Regione Lombardia, ...)

Initial Cost: 4,500,000€

Management Cost: 23,500€/per year (2,500€/per month until completion) Possible Revenue: Coalition CSA actors (Adriano CLT, Gefim, Cariplo, Regione Lombardia, CCL, ... ) & payments extracted from occupiers

Establishment period Management period

0

2

4

6

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8

85

years

An alternative future of New Adriano - Detailed estimation of project cost OBJECTIVE A: AFFORDABLE & ALTERNATIVE HOUSING Project 1: Affordable housing OBJECTIVE

INITIAL ACTIONS

Conversion of 15 private apartments (in 3 planned buildings)

Payment to Gefim for the organisational time and slight spatial adjustments

INITIAL COSTS / €

FUNDING SOURCE

CONTINUING ACTIONS

CONTINUING COSTS / € / month

FUNDING SOURCE

10,000

Regione Lombardia (subsidy)

Monthly payment to Gefim, equalling the difference between the new rent and normally expected rent for private apartments

8,000

Regione Lombardia (subsidy)

Project 2: Creation of a new housing block: “CSA - Comunità di scambio Adriano“ OBJECTIVE

Coalition CSA creation and project planning + supervsion

INITIAL ACTIONS

INITIAL COSTS / €

FUNDING SOURCE

CONTINUING ACTIONS

CONTINUING COSTS / € / month

FUNDING SOURCE

Creation of coalition of actors (CSA) as collective project clients (Adriano CLT; Gefim; Municipio 2; CCL [Consorzio Cooperative Lavoratori]; Regione Lombardia); commercial events; marketing; meetings

3,000

Municipio 2; Adriano CLT

Project development meetings & supervision; events; office time costs

500

Regione Lombardia

2,000

Adriano CLT; Coalition CSA (mainly Gefim & CCL)

Architectural design consultation process

2,000 (until project completion)

Coalition CSA (mainly Gefim & CCL)

Maintenance of the buildings and common areas (technical upkeep; outdoor maintenance)

1,000

Coalition CSA(mainly Gefim & CCL); individual renting businesses

Edilizia conventionata – payment to Gefim for 15 conventioned apartments

8,000

Regione Lombardia (subsidy)

Technical maintenance of the 30 Gefim private apartments for rent (another 15 are to sell)

1,000

Gefim – rent from private renters

10,000

CCL – membership payments, with support from Banca Intesa San Paolo, BCC MILANO, Banco BPM, UBI BANCA)

3,000

Adriano CLT – rent extracted from the renting actors or businesses

Planning permission and architectural design/planning (hiring a firm for the whole process)

Housing block establishment and continuation

Commercial + association space

Construction of the site foundation, 4 buildings & surrounding open space. The design and funding of each section overseen by the entity to be in charge of it (e.g. CCL; Gefim)

Design and creation of 6 commercial & associational ground floor areas

4,500,000

Coalition CSA (mainly Gefim & CCL)

CCL cooperative continuation (30 apartments) & maintenance, including common areas).

Adriano CLT as a real-estate actor & owner of the ground floor spaces, renting them to small-scale commerce/associations. In charge of tech maintenance

Project 2 overall costs: Total initial costs: 4,505,000 € Total continuing costs: 23,500 € / month after project completion (2,500 € / month before)

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OBJECTIVE B: GROUND FLOOR & PARK ACTIVATION Project 3: Commercial ground floor activation OBJECTIVE

Redesign of 3 planned Gefim buildings with, small-scale commerce

Establishment and continuation of the Adriano CLT ground floors

INITIAL ACTIONS

INITIAL COSTS / €

FUNDING SOURCE

CONTINUING ACTIONS

CONTINUING COSTS / € / month

FUNDING SOURCE

Hiring of architect through a competition

2,000

Adriano CLT; Cariplo; Gefim

Architectural design consultation process

2,000 (until project completion)

Adriano CLT; Gefim

Redesign of the 3 ground floors in collaboration with local residents (participatory events) + planning permission

3,000

Adriano CLT; Cariplo; Gefim

Ongoing neighbourhood events

500

Adriano CLT; local associations

Buying the rights to the ground-floor space from Gefim

1,500,000

Adriano CLT; Cariplo; Municipio 2

3,000

2,000,000

Adriano CLT; Cariplo; Gefim

Technical and construction maintenance of the ground floor sites

Adriano CLT; Cariplo; rent from the businesses + associations

CONTINUING ACTIONS

CONTINUING COSTS / € / month

FUNDING SOURCE

Maintenance of bike lanes (every few months)

500

Metropolitana Milanese

Construction, together with Gefim

Project 3 overall costs: Total initial costs: 3,505,000 € Total continuing costs: 3,500 € Project 4: A human-scaled, social and accessible park OBJECTIVE

New bicycle lanes

Community park infrastructure

INITIAL ACTIONS

INITIAL COSTS / €

FUNDING SOURCE

Design in collaboration with local residents (+ participatory events)

5,000

Adriano CLT; Metropolitana Milanese

Construction

200,000

Metropolitana Milanese

Bicycle workshops and shared parking facilities

15,000

Adriano CLT; Metropolitana Milanese; resident committees; bicycle association

Technical maintenance; bikes tools; operational costs

200

Local resident committees; bicycle association; locals paying

Urban gardening areas

3,000

Adriano CLT; resident committees

Maintenance & operation

400

Local residents & committees; a new association

BBQ zone installation in 2 areas of the park

2,000

Adriano CLT; resident committees

Maintenance, operation & supervision

300

Local residents & committees

Project 4 overall costs: Total initial costs: 225,000 € Total continuing costs: 1,400 €

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“Open" green barrier - Project plan The third zoom in project we have chosen is called "Open" green barrier, which builds on the forthcoming tram line extension in the existing green barrier and the construction of a park and middle school. Our proposal will seek to use these two projects to strengthen the connections between the currently blocked north and south sides and to integrate with the New Adriano Community Centre as a central area of activity for the entire neighbourhood.

In conjunction with the PGT for this area, the

Site Area: 96,800 m2 New Function: New Middle School New Greenery Park New Community Center New Tram Station with Bike Sharing Facilities New Linear Park Site satellite photo

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project will mainly include the construction of a new middle school, a new community centre, a new central park, bike sharing service next to the tram stop and several new cycle paths. In order to better achieve the activation of the central park, the proposal proposes to organise outdoor activities in the central park in cooperation with the various associations in the vicinity, taking advantage of the different festivals. We also encourage the opening of the middle school to the residents during non-teaching hours, not just

by sharing the sports facilities within the school, but by sharing the school space as a community venue as appropriate. The new community centre will not require a very large floor area, but will act as a nodal facility , providing community services or additional space for public events such as community meetings for the neighbourhood.

With the construction of the Tram 7 extension, the accessibility of the Adriano area will be greatly enhanced and we will try to take advantage of this by attracting city dwellers to experience

the Adriano with different public events.

Furthermore, through a more environmentally friendly transport system - a network of cycle paths --will further enhance the social connectivity and publicness of the area.

This will be a very important initiative towards achieving a 15-min city, not only in terms of bridging the fragmentation in the physical environment, but also in terms of strengthening the internal links in the non-physical environment.

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“Open" green barrier - Project plan

90

New Middle School

New Community Hub

Total surface area: 11900m2 Gross floor area: 8695m2

Total surface area: 22100m2 Gross floor area: 2745m2 Total park area: 20727m2

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“Open" green barrier - Project feasibility Goal: Enhance connectivity between the 3 neighbourhoods

Improve liveability and social justice in each neighbourhood Site: Huge abandoned green barrier and underused spaces nearby

Project 1 "Open" green Barrier:

- Adding tram station with bike sharing service - Activate the space with linear park - Facilitate the currently interrupted connection between the North and South - Put the power line underground

Project 2 Activate the underused area: - Promote the construction of the new middle school - Activate the huge park - Develop new spaces for local actors to use

Actors for "Open" green Barrier:

Municipality, nearby associations(F.C.D.Real Crescenzago Milano, Comitato genitori S.Mamete, Centro Anziani Cascina San Palo, etc. ), related companies, inhabitants

Actors for Activate the underused area:

Municipality, nearby associations(F.C.D.Real Crescenzago Milano, Comitato genitori S.Mamete, Centro Anziani Cascina San Palo, Scuola comunale largo Bigatti, Asilo nido Nenni, C.A.G e C.A.M. Cattabrega, Esselunga, etc. ), inhabitants, volunteers

Challenges:

1. Deal with the electrical power line.

2. Create a balanced cooperative mode between actors.

3.Stimulus generates active public participation

Rough costs:

1. New middle school: 15,000,000€ 2. New Central Park: 6,000,000€ 2 3. New Linear Park: 2,400,000€(Park area: 20725m ) 4. New Community Hub: 2,000,000€(Gross floor area: 2750m2 ) 5. New Bike Lanes and Related Infrastructure: 435,000€/km

Relationship with Existing Policies: 1. Synergy with the development of extented tram line.

2. Synergy with the development of Scuola media Via Adriano.

3. Synergy with La citta intorno and cooperate with Fondazione Cariplo to regenerate local community.

Possible Sources and Mechanisms of Funding:

1. Regional "Interventi finalizzati all'avvio di processi di rigenerazione urbana" program.

2. DPCM 21.6.21 National fundings for urban regeneration projects.

3. Sponsor from ATM company and bike sharing company like BikeMi, Ofo and Mobike.

4.Sponsor from other associations like Esselunga, Fondazione Cariplo

Main Governance and Implementation Mechanism:

1. Cooperate with the program Community Food Hub to strengthen the neighborhood connection.

2.Encourage school open as community center after class.

3. Introduce the planning activities to active the huge green park.

4. Preferential policies to encourage residents to use public transport.

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“Open" green barrier - Project timeline Activities

SHORT TERM 0 - 2 years

MEDIUM TERM 3 - 5 years

LONG TERM 6 - 10 years

Project 1 1.1 - Put the power line underground

Construction Cost: 5,000,000€

Management Cost: 10,000€/per year

1.2 - Complete the construction of tram line

Construction Cost: 15,000,000€

Management Cost: 10,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from tram ticket

1.3 - Construct new bike lanes

Construction Cost: 435,000€/km

1.4 - Promote the construction of bike sharing services near tram stations

Management Cost: 1,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from bike sharing revenue

Construction Cost: 500,000€

1.5 - Activate the space with linear parks

Management Cost: 10,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from bike sharing

Construction Cost: 2,400,000€

Management Cost: 20,000€/per year

Project 2 2.1 - Construct the new middle school

Construction Cost: 15,000,000€

Management Cost: 50,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from tuition

2.2 - Construct the new central park

Construction Cost: 6,000,000€

Management Cost: 10,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from festival events rent

2.3 - Construct the new community hub

Construction Cost: 6,000,000€

2.4 - Activate the central park with various activities

Management Cost: 10,000€/per year Possible Revenue: from festival events rent

Management Cost: depend on events Possible Revenue: revenue from the events

2.5 - Build up a cooperative network of associatinos

Management Cost: depend on events Possible Revenue: revenue from the events

Construction period Management period

0

2

4

6

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years

8

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Activate vacant Via Ugo La Malfa - Project plan This project mainly deals with the vacant local shops on the ground floor. Because of the influence of large supermarket like Esselunga and Lidl, local shops suffer great shocks. To improve this vacant ground floor area from flopping can not only ensure the safety of the residential area, but also enhance the residents’ sense of belonging.

In the spatial aspect, we mainly reconsider the function of these corridors on the ground floor first. Based on the original traffic usage, we propose to add some resting facilities on the

Site Area: 86,200 m2 New Function: New Local Shops New Parking Spaces New Resting Places New Community Salon New Public Exhibition Space Site satellite photo

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pillars so as to enlarge the influence of these corridors and ground floor cafes. What’s more, we also suggest to leave some more surrounding space for the public. For example, the parking lot between Via Adriano and the block can be transformed into weekly markets at weekends.

And the city road on the other side, Via Ugo la Malfa is now a two-lane road with parking lanes on both sides. It could be a solution to cut off and remove half of these parking cars to other places and enlarge the pedestrian road on one side.

Besides spatial design, it is pretty essential to consider more policy measures. To encourage the vitality of local shops, it is quite important to redesign the contents of these shops and the way to hire shop owners to start business here.

We try to encourage these shops offer different goods and service from large supermarkets like Esselunga, so cafes and restaurants could be a better choice. What’s more, we make a timeline plan to attract them. We will accept applications from cafe or restaurant owners and try to select

them through the commercial plan they hand in. In the meantime, we will invite architects to redesign the shops and surrounding environment.

After the renovation is done, we will help these owners start their business through an association established especially for this project. During the later period, this association will also help do the evaluations for these shops and decide the ones to receive bonus and the ones to be replaced. What’s more, the community activities will also be held under the help of it.

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Activate vacant Via Ugo La Malfa - Project plan

Transferable Ground Floor Area Total area: 3875 m2 Commercial Area Concerned Total area: 8100 m2

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Activate vacant Via Ugo La Malfa - Project feasibility

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Activate vacant Via Ugo La Malfa - Project timeline Activities

SHORT TERM 0 - 1 years

MEDIUM TERM 1 - 2 years

LONG TERM 2 - 3 years

Project 1.1 - Call for applications 1.2 - Select applicants 1.3 - Comptition to hire architects 1.3 - Survey with the local and redesign the environment

First Management Cost: 6,000€

The Following Management Cost: 2,000€/per year

First Management Cost: 4,000€

The Following Management Cost: 2,000€/per year

Management Cost: 10,000€

Management Cost: 5,000€

1.3 - Renovate the surrounding environment

Construction Cost: 100,000€

1.4 - Help start business

First Management Cost: 140,000€ The Following Management Cost: 10,000€/per year Possible Revenue: From housing rents

1.5 - Evaluation and rewards

Management Cost: 100,000€/per year

1.6 - New shop owners to replace

Management Cost: 4,000€/per year

1.7 - Community activities

Management Cost: 500€/per year

0

Construction Cost

Management Cost: 4,000€/per year

First Management Cost

9

18

27

36 months

The Following Management Cost

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Chapter 4 100

Final Reflections The implementation of these four projects, whose organisational developments we have described in detail above, would ultimately help to realise the two main aims stated earlier on: (1) to enhance the connectivity between the three neighbourhoods, and (2) to improve the liveability and social justice in each neighbourhood, vis-à-vis the elements we have defined as pertinent to achieving sociospatially equitable and sustainable 15-min cities.

Beyond this, the four projects have several features in common. One of these common denominators that the projects share is their focus on sharing, interconnection and utilising local energies to enhance and cater to the communities that exist there. Community-oriented planning is at the very heart of the project as a whole. In reflection, this approach may have emerged from our indepth analysis of "local identities" in the first part of the semester. Our investigation of local identities (including what they are, in what ways they manifest and what they mean for the daily lives of the city's users) enabled us to discover truly how important the "realms of sociability" are for the wellbeing of local inhabitants. In this investigation, our understanding of "sociabilities" goes beyond mere places of socialising. Instead it incorporates places, networks and virtual realms of mutual interaction and the fulfillment of interactive and complex needs. This includes a range of realms, for example: attending church; being part of a communal Facebook group; having access to a nearby farmers market; being involved in socially-inclined neighbourhood associations; or even merely being able to shop in a store where the products, services or even the interaction with the staff correspond to one's needs.

Therefore, our ensuing heightened awareness of sociabilities helped to make us acutely aware of theit deficiencies in the Adriano district as a whole. This helped our analysis and understanding of the different real-life features of the three neighbourhoods. In fact, the perception of these

three neighbourhoods (which we found to be very separated from each other, both in spatial and sociological terms) their individual sociability shortcomings and the deficiency of geographical and easy slow-mobility access between them, formed the core of our two main (foregoing) broad goals.

These two main goals represented the groundwork for the ensuing 6 overarching sttrategies, which also emerged from a deep analysis of the precise problems, potentials and actor networks in each of the three neighbourhoods. These general strategies include: (1) ensuring social mix and higher levels of affordable housing (not just to those tho can afford private apartments in sleek, new real-estate developments; (2) activating vacant buildings and participarly commercial spaces (a problem that has been very acute in the northern part of Adriano, on the block of Via Ugo La Malfa, although also afflicting some places in the south-eastern section, along the Martesana Canal); (3) opening the large underused and partially vacant park strip we have called the "green barrier" (which currently inhibits pleasant walking experiences, hosts an invasise electric power grid and exacerbated the northsouth divide); (4) Activating the various underused and inaccessible outdoor spaces (particularly in the western section near the industrial complexes, as well as the whole northern riverbank of the Martesana Canal, spanning most of the district); (5) Extending the existing bicycle network (which had large discontinuous gaps) in tandem with the previously mentioned new urban design interventions; and (6) Facilitating the current and future possibilities of social connectivity, solidarity and collective resilience (which includes the activation of ground floors in New Adriano; the fostering of parterships between local associations while offering them spatial and connectivity resources, the creation of community facilities in parks that are to be run by locals or non-profits, and the establishment of community-oriented real-estate collaboration with the Adriano CLT).

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These six overarching strategies and spaces of required intervention formed the basis of the four main projects, whose organisational elements, cost calculation and feasibility features and spatial characteristics have been described in depth in the final section of this work. These four projects include: (1) “Bridging the two sides of Martesana Canal”; (2) “An alternative future of New Adriano”; (3) ‘“Open” green barrier” and (4) “Activate vacant Via Ugo La Malfa”. We believe that if these projects were to be implemented, the district would be much closer to catering to the 2 main project goals and thus also the aforementioned ideals of sociallyjust, equitable, sociable and sustainable 15-minute cities.

These four projects form integral parts of the overall vision. Nevertheless, this particular vision and the exact definition and planning of the four projects has - here - been developed by us; mere students hypothesising from our bedrooms (and not in studios, thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic). In reality, of course, the whole process would be much different. The planning, impetus and feasibility of such a project as a whole - which incorporates such a large area (the majority of the NIL-17 administrative zone) - would require a very high level of administrative collaboration and support. Beyond this, there is currently no administrative “level” which is solely responsible for the Adriano district. Although one could demand the Municipio 2 local authority to create a team that would focus on this very project area, our research has pointed that to be very unlikely. Besides, they would have neither the economic capacity, nor the will to undertake and oversee the vast developments we envisage in this project. And also, even though it is of course more socially-responsible and inclusive than giving all development rights to the private sector, we also believe that enshrining every bit of development respinsibility to the local authorities is also not necessarily the best solution. We believe that, in order to yield veritable community-oriented and

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socially sustainable development objectives, the local community actors should really be part of the decision-making process.

As such, we sought to form a coalition between the local actors, which would form the basis of an organisational entity that would oversee the whole process of these new Adriano developements.

These actors would include: local commercial companies (both small and large scale, including the likes of Esselunga); local residents (including the four existing local resident committees); private real-estate developers (including Gefim, who are developing much of “New Adriano”); Municipio 2 (for planning permission and project facilitation); the Lombardia Region (for housing subsidies); local associations; local educational facilities; broad NGOs and charities (such as the Cariplo foundation); and socially-inclined architectural firms, who are involved in the project as civil society partners, without mere profit-seeking intentions.

In the establishment of this new coalition, and in order to help convine the authorities that this is a feasible option, we drew inspiration from some trends in urban planning - seen in many areas in the world in recent years - whereby loose coalitions of public and private actors collaborate around strategic plans and urban development projects.

However, while it is common for such strategic coalitions of actors to be dominated by large, profit-seeking entities, the aim for our coalition is to have the needs of the community at the heart of its agenda. As such, it is a non-profit entity, where the voice of the local inhabitants have as much weight - if not more - than those of the profitseeking large supermarket chains and real-estate companies.

In order to achieve this socially-oriented goal, in which the “use value” of the districts spaces are to remain at the heart of developments, both now and for years to come, we undertook an array of

research into community-embedded real-estate and project development organisations. We then found the Community Land Trust (CLT) model to be apt in achieving our goals. In general, CLTs are NGOs that are collaboratively owned (usually in coalitions between local inhabitants, civil society actors in general, and the local government). The CLTs act as socially-inclined real-estate developers, whereby they remain longterm owners of properties and either rent or sell the “occupational” rights of the buildings to their users). By remaining the owner, they ensure the long-term social orientation of the projects, which, in most contexts worldwide, have come in the form of affordable housing for the economically disadvantaged. Nevertheless, there are examples worldwide (mostly in the USA) where the CLT model has been used for commercial and associational activity. Our research into the model has given us the impression that it could be feasible in our project area, epecially since the growing popularity of CLTs have incresing traction in local government “innovation” trends, and could thus be tempting for the local authorities to jump onto.

As indicated in this projet, the Adriano CLT would form a new development entity and realestate actor. Its board of directors would consist of representatives from the foregoing actor groups, with an equitable distribution of voting rights that will be designed to ensure the “use value” of developments taking centre stage, rather than their “exchange value”. Through an array of events, media campaign, it would mobilise local actors and support, hosting an array of participatory workshops, while also being in charge of hiring and overseeing the architectural teams for the site as a whole. Beyond this, each of the 4 projects will have their own coalitions and additional funding sources, although the Adriano CLT will play a major role as an actor within each of the projects.

As described in detail in the projects in the final section (in particular “New Adriano”), the Adriano

CLT will acquire the ground floor space of several buildings, thus become a long-term custodian of the land. It will then either “sell” (the use rights) or rent out the spaces to associations or local commercial activities that the local inhabitants deem to be necessary for them. The Adriano CLT funding would come from public, private and charitable resources, as well as the payments extracted from the building occupiers.

The four projects that are to be theoretically overseen by the Adriano CLT are very different in their organisation form, objectives and mini actor coalitions. Nevertheless, they all have the community at their heart, as well as the sharing of resources, competences and space. We envisage a truly community-oriented development process, which attempts to serve the local needs and close the idiosynchratic deficiencies as much as possible.

In general, we found that the 15-minute city goals (that this semester has been structured by) to be very helpful in terms of achieving locallyembedded development. As the recent COVID-19 crisis has shown, it is fundamental that a broad set of services, facilities, public space amenities and sociabilities are located near one’s home.

Such objectives are truly marked by a “use value” and aim to cater to those who are there, in the local vicinity, and not some distant company or abstract economic agendas. Despite this stance, we are certainly aware that “balancing the books” (in terms of economic and practical feasibility) are fundamental. For this reason, we extensively analysed the cost inputs and outputs (particularly for New Adriano), in order to try to fit it into realworld dynamics. This was certainly a challenge, but it turned out to be a very fruitful exercise; not only for our education, but also to concretise our projects. In general, we have learnt a lot from this semester and hope our project, embedded in 15-min city ideals, would theoretically facilitate a socially equitable, community-oriented, spatially qualitative and sustainable Quartiere Adriano.

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Bibliography • Source of definition of the 15-Min City https://www.portlandonline.com/portlandplan/index.cfm?c=58776&a=420372 https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/515241/Creating-a-moreliveable-Melbourne.pdf • Source for maps of Local Identity https://www.dati.lombardia.it/ http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/en/download-ricerca; https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=milano#map=12/45.4615/9.1595 https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Istruzione/Anagrafe-Scuole-Lombarde/hqsw-ahvp https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Commercio/Grandi-Strutture-di-Vendita/haxp-4dkd https://www.socialstreet.it/social-steet/ http://noloart.altervista.org/ • Source for maps of Association for Milano: https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds1334_albo-delle-associazioni--municipio-2 https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ds1335_albo-delle-associazioni--municipio-3 https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Famiglia/Associazioni-di-Promozione-Sociale-nel-comune-di-M/ dms8-hbt4 https://www.dati.lombardia.it/Famiglia/Associazioni-senza-scopo-di-lucro/cufg-zvm7 http://www.periferiemilano.com/wordpress/mappe/mappe-4/ http://www.periferiemilano.com/wordpress/mappe/zona-3/ https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset/ebc59bd3-235b-49c2-bffd-9e324d2960c0/resource/e299df6d24e9-408e-984b-a4daf0bab630/download/ds1334_albo_associazioni_municipio_2.csv for Vimodrone: http://www.consultacultura.it/comune.asp?IDcomune=88&sz=4 http://www.consultacultura.it/comune.asp?IDcomune=88&sz=2 http://www.comune.vimodrone.milano.it/c015242/zf/index.php/servizi-aggiuntivi/index/index/ idtesto/56 for Sesto San Giovanni: https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/amministrazione/associazioni/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/attivita-sociali-e-assistenziali/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/sport-2/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/impegno-civile-tutela-e-promozione-dei-diritti-umani/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/cultura-turismo-tempo-libero/ https://sestosg.net/unita-organizzative/educazione/ for Cologno Monzese: https://www.virgilio.it/italia/cologno-monzese/cat/ASSOCIAZIONI_DI_VOLONTARIATO_E_DI_ SOLIDARIETA.html https://www.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/servizi/gestionedocumentale/ricerca_fase03. aspx?ID=19020 https://www.comune.colognomonzese.mi.it/upload/colognomonzese_ecm10/gestionedocumentale/Al bocomunaledelleformeassociative2020-2021_784_19020.pdf for Segrate: https://www.comune.segrate.mi.it/export/sites/segrate/doc/comune/Dati-informativi-delleassociazioni.pdf

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https://www.comune.segrate.mi.it/export/sites/segrate/doc/comune/Dati-informativi-delleassociazioni.pdf • Information about Quartiere Adriano and the P.I.I. Cognetti, Francesca, et al. Periferie Del Cambiamento: Traiettorie Di Rigenerazione Tra Marginalità e Innovazione a Milano. Quodlibet, 2020. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv19qmcg9. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.

Milano 2030 PGT: https://www.pgt.comune.milano.it http://www.lagobba.it/?p=8461 https://www.chiamamilano.it/notizie/conosci-adriano-storia-di-un-quartiere https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/milanochecambia/aree https://adrianocommunitydays.it/ https://www.socialstreet.it/social-steet/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/NoLoDistrict/ https://www.milanocittastato.it/milano/quartieri-di-milano/i-5-quartieri-etnici-di-milano/ https://blog.urbanfile.org/2020/07/08/milano-ponte-nuovo-nuove-residenze-in-via-meucci-47/ https://www.cargomilano.it/storelocator • Source for historic maps and historic photos https://geoportale.comune.milano.it/sit/open-data/ https://blog.urbanfile.org/2020/06/27/milano-crescenzago-quartiere-adriano-ricostruire-lamemoria-di-un-quartiere-che-rinasce/ • Source for general perception of the neighbourhood: https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/20_luglio_07/quartiere-adriano-addio-fungo-sue-cenerisorgera-piscina-a69c206c-c029-11ea-ad66-3c342f8d70f1.shtml https://www.affaritaliani.it/milano/casa-della-carita-compie-18-anni-don-colmegna-pandemia-none-democratica-707585.html https://nelpaese.it/dalle-regioni/lombardia/item/8720-adriano-community-days-il-festival-dicomunita-nel-quartiere-di-milano https://www.milanotoday.it/social/segnalazioni/degrado-urbano-a-milano-in-via-ugo-tognazzi3-continua-il-degrado-mi-giardini-di-quartiere-adriano-via-ugo-tognazzi-di-fronte-a-viavittorio-7778114.html https://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/ecco-la-nuova-media-del-quartiere-adriano-tarder%C3%A0un-altro-anno-1.5541390 https://www.milanopost.info/2018/02/25/spuntano-gli-striscioni-pro-accoglienza-nel-quartiereadriano/ https://www.milanopost.info/2018/02/25/spuntano-gli-striscioni-pro-accoglienza-nel-quartiereadriano/ • Source for the tram line seven under construction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NnM31O-qMI https://dati.comune.milano.it/dataset?tags=NIL&tags=superficie • Source for case study https://maremilano.org/ https://culturability.org/stories/mare-culturale-urbano https://www.indiscreto.info/mare-culturale-urbano-la-periferia-ancora-umana/ https://www.rescoop.eu/news-and-events/events/energy-communities-energy-solidarity-mareculturale-urbano

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https://www.milanocittastato.it/milano/quartieri-di-milano/municipio-2/le-7-idee-geniali-cherendono-nolo-il-quartiere-piu-creativo-di-milano/ https://www.impresacity.it/news/2798/-tira-su-la-cler-milano-invita-a-fare-impresa-in-periferia.html • Source for community participation, co-design and the “foundational economy” Martina Carra, Nicoletta Levi, Giulia Sgarbi, Chiara Testoni, (2018) "From community participation to co-design: “Quartiere bene comune” case study", Journal of Place Management and Development, https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-06-2017-0046 De Boeck, S., Bassens, D., & Ryckewaert, M. (2019). Making space for a more foundational economy: The case of the construction sector in Brussels. Geoforum, 105, 67-77. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016718519302210 Barbera, F., & Jones, I. (Eds.). (2020). The Foundational Economy and Citizenship: Comparative Perspectives on Civil Repair. Policy Press. https://books.google.be/books?hl=de&lr=&id=3B7_DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=founda tional+economy+engelen&ots=jumZ44snX4&sig=HWUuyDjFikhnvHkYVZVnlZHGah4&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=foundational%20economy%20engelen&f=false Enhancing the sociability of public spaces: https://platform.almanhal.com/Files/2/75289 Mehta, V. (2019). Streets and social life in cities: a taxonomy of sociability. Urban Design International, 24(1), 16-37. scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=de&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2018&q=community+land+tr ust+uk&btnG= Czischke, D. (2018). Collaborative housing and housing providers: towards an analytical framework of multi-stakeholder collaboration in housing co-production. International Journal of Housing Policy, 18(1), 55-81. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19491247.2017.1331593 • Source for CLTs Bunce, S. (2018). Alternatives to gentrification: Exploring urban community land trusts and urban ecovillage practices. In Handbook of gentrification studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781785361739/9781785361739.00036.xml Thompson, M. (2020). From co-ops to community land trusts: Tracing the historical evolution and policy mobilities of collaborative housing movements. Housing, Theory and Society, 37(1), 82-100. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14036096.2018.1517822 Krinsky, J., & Segal, P. Z. (2019). Stewarding the City as Commons: Parks Conservancies and Community Land Trusts. CUNY L. Rev., 22, 270. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/nyclr22&div=12&id=&page= https://community-wealth.org/content/champlain-housing-trust https://web.vermont.org/Real-Estate-Housing/Champlain-Housing-Trust-1220 Salsich Jr, P. W. The National Housing Trust Fund: A Challenge and an Opportunity for Creative Public–Private Partnerships. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315565903-13/national-housing-trustfund-challenge-opportunity-creative-public%E2%80%93private-partnerships • Source for projects feasibility: https://www.uci.org/news/2020/pop-up-bike-lanes-a-rapidly-growing-transport-solution-promptedby-coronavirus-pandemic https://economiaelavoro.comune.milano.it/progetti https://www.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/istituzionale/HP/DettaglioAvviso/servizi-einformazioni/enti-e-operatori/edilizia-pubblica/edilizia-residenziale-pubblica/riqualificazioneurbana/bando-torri-in-piazza-gratosoglio/torri-in-piazza-a-gratosoglio https://www.impresacity.it/news/2798/-tira-su-la-cler-milano-invita-a-fare-impresa-in-periferia.html

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Annex Information of Local Associations

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Case Study: Mare Culturale Urbano What is Mare Culturale Urbano?

Mare Culturale Urbano is an active center of artistic production in the west of Milan.

Mare dreams of a world where people actively live their city context and collaborate in the creation of a shared culture and social wellbeing, free from inequalities, social exclusion and intergenerational barriers.

Mare is also a multifunctional space where there is a restaurant, a craft pub, a coworking and rehearsal studio. The farmhouse comes alive with concerts, cinemas, festivals and activities for children: a welcoming environment where you can stay together and feel good.

Where is Mare Culturale Urbano?

Mare Culturale Urbano is located in Cascina To r r e t t e d i Tr e n n o w i t h i n t h e C e n n i d i Cambiamento social housing complex, between the ATM depot in via Novara, 41 and the Santa Barbara Barracks in via Chinotto.

The farmhouse is an asset belonging to the Municipality of Milan and represents the final component of the Cenni di Cambiamento project.

Mare Culturale Urbano was born on the outskirts of Milan’s Town Hall 7 to be an open place that offers a new and better cooperative and supportive lifestyle that rethinks the culture, collective wellbeing and civic sense of the inhabitants of the area.

Mare Culturale Urbano's Mission Mare Culturale Urbano was born to respond to the lack of places of aggregation and social participation in the suburbs; this lack of social participation makes these areas real dormitory neighborhoods where there are no cultural activities aimed at well-being collective, nor quality cafeteria/restaurant/pizzeria services, which would carry out the function of social aggregators.

This lack causes the erection of walls that obstruct dialogue between generations and thus make the suburbs more closed and isolated and their 110

Mare Culturale

inhabitants vulnerable, without references positive and socially inclusive.

“Mare Culturale Urbano was born, therefore, to create a model of territorial development through the regeneration of physical places, where the community can meet and be involved through concrete actions of cultural activism and territorial aggregation, through two tools: culture and food.”

(Mare Culturale Urbano, business model 2019) Activities in Mare Culturale Urbano Mare Culture: •aggregation and participation activities; •activities related to performing arts; •activities related to visual arts; •special projects with an identity vocation.

Mare Education: informal and social inclusion education Mare Food: •the activities of bar, restaurant, pizzeria, pastry shop, brewery; •training courses aimed at the employment of fragile local people; •food & beverage festivals and thematic cooking workshops.

Mare Space: •spaces reserved free of charge for non-profit associations that organize activities for the neighborhood.

•coworking; •renting spaces for corporate and private events; •music rehearsal rooms; Business Model of Mare Culturale Urbano The main revenue is catering, including the restaurant and the bar, accounted for 93%.

Another is rental space.

Besides, Mare provides free space for partners who organize activities. Various activities bring potential revenue: more people are attracted to Mare and consume in the restaurant and bar.

Sources: https://maremilano.org/

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