San Maurizio: an "in-between" community

Neighborhood plans for the 15-MIN CITY

San Maurizio An "In-Between" Community

Group 4

Jiahuan Li Xin Liao Rana Ali Michele Sinisi Francesco Bertoni Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador

Contents

2

04

06

08

Abstract

Framework of Our Work

Redefine the "15min City"

Understand the area

Introduction Framwork

Definition and explaination of 15 minute city

from macro group topic: demographic profile

San Maurizio field research

66

70

Problem Definition

Concept

Finding problems and recourses in this area

An "in-between" community

120

121

Conclusion

Bibliography

72 Strategy

30 76 The Actions and Projects

Strategies that will inply in this area Seven actions that help San Maurizio to become a 15munite city

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

3

Abstract The 15 minutes city: a model for environmental sustainability When defining what a 15 minutes city is the first reference can arguably be environmental sustainability. The impact of cities and urban expansion on the natural environment has always been a relevant theme in planning tradition since pre and post-war rational-comprehensive planning. Grown in importance with the 80s’ economic restructuring and decommissioning of urban industrial fabrics, climate change is nowadays a dominant issue in urban planning. UN’s 2030 Agenda and 2015 Paris agreement reinforced this trend. In the most the recent year of 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic converged with the pre-existing environmental question and resulted in the birth and spread of the fifteen minutes city model. Paris’ mayor Anne Hidalgo adopted Spanish planner Carlo Moreno’s first neighborhood plan based on the 15 minutes city model. In his explanation of the model (Moreno 2020) also Moreno starts from the consideration that the confinement in one’s neighborhood due to the pandemic may be a great opportunity to reduce the long, alienating car commutes that many were used to before the pandemic. In the first, most intuitive acceptation a 15 minutes city is therefore a city in which one could find work, leisure, life, and circulation (to quote Le Corbusier’s 4 city functions) within a 15 minutes walk from home, with no need to take the car and pollute (Something which Le Corbusier would abhor instead) .

The 15 minutes city: a model for social justice However, the concept of proximity entangled by the 15m city model certainly applies also to social issues, where the complexity degree simply blows. Still following Moreno’s argument logic, another condition the pandemic forced many into is the need to adapt to only what their closest neighborhood offered for a living. This condition brought to question whether we could design cities, or neighborhoods, in which equal opportunities and social justice are granted within a reasonable walking distance. Can a single neighborhood satisfy the needs of its whole, most varied social framework (youngsters, elderly, middle-aged women and men, foreigns), etc.?

If we don’t consider and try to understand the exact physical and socio-demographic profiles of the area of our intervention, the answer would be “Definitely not”. This is why, instead, planning in the framework of the 15 minutes city must rely on targeted actions for specific social groups and urban contexts.

While the impossibility to design a city in which every neighborhood provides the service density of Times Square is self-explanatory, one can imagine a 15 minutes city as a constellation of roughly self-sufficient neighborhoods where the community adapts to the needs and aspirations of its residents according to local resources.

From this standpoint, planning in the 15 minutes city framework engages the necessity of switching our focus as planners from the quantified provision of goods, which is unlikely to be equal for every neighborhood of an entire city, to the exploitation of local human and economic resources. This applies to Claudia Basta’s (Basta 2015) reflection on the justice of planning. In her view, planning results unsuccessful if it only proceeds through quantifying and providing a highhanded set of goods. On the contrary, it should just help create the conditions for the members of a community to fulfill self-realization and well-being according to the contextual capabilities and actual resources.

4

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

5

01 Framework of Our Work

On this page Framwork Diagram

6

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

7

02 Redefine the "15min City" ——from macro group topic: demographic profile 2.1 An explaination of 15min city from our topic 2.1.1 Explain the process

The theme of our first delivery is demographic profile. We have collected a large amount of data on the population, and have a deep understanding of the site from the perspective of demography.

Our analysis of population includes: population size, population commute, age structure, gender structure, family structure, foreign population structure, etc. In addition to the number and distribution of research, we also conduct street vitality research on the neighborhoods around the blocks. We also selected the elderly and people of working age as representatives to study their living environment and living conditions.

Finally, we established relationships between the distribution of the population and other transportation systems, public services, commercial and office facilities, blue-green systems, etc., and imagined how each resident or role in the community can define a 15-minute city, and eventually form an evaluation standard. The criteria at last putforward our understanding of the 15-minute city.

2.1.2 Explain the 15min city

Based on our analysis, our team members started a brainstorming. We have listed the explanation of 15min city in our mind.

1) We think "15min city" is not a physical concept, but a mental concept. It does not represent the places I can reach within 15 minutes, or the specific scope of public service facilities can cover. It should mean that people can live in a better community.

It should represent that the future city planners should focus on a growing movement to make our life in cities more convenient, less stressful, and more sustainable.

2) A 15min city is one world that everything we need is close to home. Our community is safe and inclusive where the air is clean. A 15min city is one world that is easy to get good services, fresh grocery, health care and other facilities in achievable way. A 15min city means that you can work close to home or work remotely.

3) A 15min city is one world that is diverse and inclusive, everyone has a place. A 15min city has affordable, accessible, and adaptable housing for households of all sizes and ages.

4) A 15min city is one world close to nature. The streets are relaxed and lively, and people like to live in such a city. Everyone has a strong sense of belonging and residents are willing to spend their valuable time in neighborhood to enjoy life.

On next page Retail and office distribution map Public services distribution map Transportation system map Population map Population flow map Green and blue system map Group D _First Delivery

8

2.2 General analysis of the area 2.2.1 General map of the area

On this page Location map

2.2.2 Dwelling (1)Urban texture it obviously shows that majority of buildings locates intensively at the south and the west, comparing with the east and the north with low density. And the density decreases gradually from bottom to top.

In addition, the right part of the whole area is filled with a quite few builings in standing alone while the left part is distributed in large expanse and concentrate in groups.

Legend Residential Building Other Building

On this page Texture map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

9

(2)Housing type

The Northside

it mainly adopts low-rise row with high density and high-rise solidarity with low density. The majority locates at the left side with sporadic distribution layout.

The Eastside

It mainly adopts low-rise courtyard and city block with quite high density while there is a pinch of relatively high-rise group in the middle. it has the highest density among these four areas.

10

The Southside

It mainly adopts low-rise building of standing alone with high density while a few groups with low desentiy stand there. The relatively low density of overall residential contributes to a better green environment.

The Westside

It mainly adopts the ribbon with different densities which decrease gradually from bottom to top. it is distributed in large expanse and concentrate in groups.

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

11

2.2.3 Transportation The selected land area are connected to Milan and the entire Lombardy region. It can be seen that there is a highway connecting the north-south direction of the area. Line 2 connects Milan and several areas to the east of Vimodrono, and the railway is inward to connect Milan city center, and the extension is

connected to the national railway network.

These transportations with the outside world are the basis for commuting between the area and the outside world.

intersection study area Rail station-study area Railway Volumn Railway Station Line2 station Motorway Metro Station-study area Metro Stations Motorway intersection study area Rail station-study area

Metroway 1

Railway

2

Volumn

3

Railway Station

4（under construction)

Line2 station

5

Motorway

9

Metro Station-study area

NIL

Metro Stations

Study Area

Motorway

Zoning

Metroway 1

There2 is an evident hierarchy transport system which mainly 3 composited of secondly road, motorway, and 4（under construction) railway, contributing to divide the whole are into 5 bunches of districts.

9 NIL

We have Zoning researched the distribution of diverse traffic station inside like bus stop, bus station, tramline station and railway station. Bus station literally covers the whole area while rail transit station mainly locate at the center of Milan.

Study Area

12

On this page Regional traffic map source:ISTAT,2020

This aims to analyze the layout of bicycle path inside. From the map, it’s obvious that cycleways in the study area are discontinue and broken. The layout is quite uneven that there is fewer inside of Milan than outside.

On this page Transportation map source:openstreet map

Railway Secondary Road Principal Road Motorway Water Surface Road Green Area Rail Station-study area Metro Station-study area

On this page Traffic Station map source:openstreet map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

13

On this page, top Slow Mobility map source:openstreet map On this page , bottom Green and blue system map source:openstreet map

2.2.4 Public space (1) Green and blue system

Distinguishing the distribution of various blue and urban area, and the main urban green spaces are green facilities, it can be seen from the picture that concentrated in the periphery of the urban area. there are few river network greenways in the entire

14

(2) Open Space

Legend

a. Active Pedestrian

Legend Pedestrian occupied by retail

Cemetery Playground Park Potential Active Point

There are bunches of streets intensively filled with diverse restaurants at the southwest side where pedestrian would be occupied at certain time. It has much potential as active open spaces to intervenve specific strategies to utilize properly.

Potential Active Point

b. Playgroud

Playgrounds are distributed sporadicly around the whole area.Some locates at the middle of community and some are adjacent to the street park. In general, it’s obvious that the southwest side laks sufficient open space as playground for people social gethering.

Legend Playground

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

15

c. Park

Paks are relatively adequate around the whole area, comparing with other open spaces. There are mainly three large park alongside the Lambo River, where they are expected to be seen as open space for people recreating but also as indispensable ecological green environment.

Legend Park

2.2.5 Community service As for Infrastructure system, there is an evident centralizing layout that almost intensified in the center and scattered around the periphery, especially for office. In Segrate, there is even no land for office.

As for commerce facility, Although its density is higher in the southwest than in the northeast, the retail and small and medium-sized businesses in the southwest are more concentrated while the large and medium-sized supermarkets outside the urban area are more concentrated, probably resulting from different lifestyles.

In the following maps, we investigate the concentration

16

of different landuse of community services in the 6 municipalities. We can observe municipal 2 and 3 being rich in all services, while Segrate being the poorest. Sport facilities is the only service equally distributed among the 6 municipalities.

Mixed-use refers to “Residential buildings having other services in the ground floor” in this map.

On this page, top Landuse map On this page, bottom 1.Retail map; 2.Education Facilities map; 3.Sports Facilities map; 4.Hospital map; 5.Office map Source:Dati.lombardia.it

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

17

2.3 Demographic profile The official estimated population of the City of Milan was 1,378,689 as of 31 December 2018, according to ISTAT, the official Italian statistical agency, up by 136,556 from the 2011 census, or a growth of about 11%. At the same date 3,250,315 people lived in Milan province-level municipality.

The population of Milan today is lower than its historical peak. Thereafter, during the following decades, about one third of the population moved to the outer belt of suburbs and new satellite settlements that grew around the city proper.

Today, Milan’s conurbation extends well beyond the borders of the city proper and of its special-status provincial authority: its contiguous built-up urban area was home to 5,270,000 people in 2015, while its wider metropolitan area, the largest in Italy and fourth largest in the EU, is estimated to have a population of more than 8.2 million.

As of 2019, some 277,773 foreign residents lived in the municipality of Milan, representing 19.9% of the total resident population. These figures suggest that the immigrant population has more than doubled in the last 15 years. After World War II, Milan experienced two main waves of immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the early 1970s, saw a large influx of migrants from poorer and rural areas within Italy; the second, starting from the late 1980s, has been characterized by the preponderance of foreign-born immigrants.

The early period coincided with the so-called Italian economic miracle of postwar years, an era of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and great public works, that brought to the city a large influx of over 400,000 people, mainly from rural and underdeveloped Southern Italy. In the last three decades, the foreign born share of the population soared. Immigrants came mainly from Africa (in particular Eritrean, Egyptian, Moroccans, Senegalese, and Nigerian), and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe , in addition to a growing number of Asians and Latin Americans . At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already had a population of foreign-born residents of approximately 58,000 (or 4% of the then population), that rose rapidly to over 117,000 by the end of the decade .

Milan’s population, like that of Italy as a whole, is mostly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic

18

Archdiocese of Milan. Greater Milan is also home to Protestant, Orthodox, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities.

Milan has been a Christian-majority city since the late Roman Empire. Its religious history was marked by the figure of St. Ambrose, whose heritage includes the Ambrosian Rite (Italian: Rito ambrosiano), used by some five million Catholics in the greater part of the Archdiocese of Milan, which consider the largest in Europe. In addition, the city is home to the largest Orthodox community in Italy.

Lombardy is the seat of at least 78 Orthodox parishes and monasteries, the vast majority of them located in the area of Milan. The main Romanian Orthodox church in Milan is the Catholic church of Our Lady of Victory (Chiesa di Santa Maria della Vittoria), currently granted for use to the local Romanian community. Similarly, the point of reference for the followers of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Catholic church of San Vito in Pasquirolo.

The Jewish community of Milan is the second largest in Italy after Rome, with about 10,000 members, Milan hosts also one of the largest Muslim communities in Italy, and the city saw the construction of the country’s first new mosque featuring a dome and minaret, since the destruction of the ancient mosques of Lucera in the year 1300.

In 2014 the City Council agreed on the construction of a new mosque amid bitter political debate, since it is strenuously opposed by right-wing parties such as the Northern League.

On next page, top(left) Population of different regions Source:ISTAT ,2020 On next page, top(right) Population distribution map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On next page, bottom(left) Population distribution diagram Source:ISTAT,2020 On this page, bottom(right) Population density diagram Source:ISTAT,2020

2.3.1 Population in our area We have collected the population numbers of different regions in 2020, and have a general understanding of the total population in each region. In terms of population, municipio 2 is the most populated area, and the Vimodrone district is the least populated area.

We also counted the population data of a more detailed area in order to have a clearer understanding of this area. Through subdivision, we can see that among the small areas in the south, District 21 is the most populous area.

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

19

In order to further understand the population information, we have carried out statistics on the area in each area for further calculation of population density. We have obtained the population density data information. As you can see on the map, the

population density in Milan is relatively high overall.

The population density in District 20 has reached 25671 inhabitant/km2. The lowest population density is Segrate. , The population density here is only 2063 inhabitant/km2.

Through the above series of analyses, we have a preliminary understanding of the approximate population, density and distribution in the study area.

After analysis, we can believe that the population density and population in the urban area of Milan ​​ are higher than those outside the urban area. , We can see that there are certain differentiation differences in the urban area and surrounding areas.

In terms of population growth in several areas, we can see that the population of the four areas outside the urban area has not been increasing in the past 30 years. On the contrary, some areas have a downward trend, and the population growth rate of other areas is also very slow. Although no earlier data has been found for the two areas within the urban area, the population has grown at a relatively rapid rate in the past 20 years.

In order to further study the population distribution in the area, we further subdivided the site. We used the urban branch roads to divide the small blocks and studied the number of households in each small block. We found that the number of households in the city of Milan is small due to the small division of blocks. It’s not the most. Instead, there are the largest number of households in the marginal districts. The main reason for this is that the road network in the urban area is more detailed and there are fewer buildings in the block. From the satellite screenshots, you can see that several areas Places with a larger number of households are residential areas with higher density. Compared with the more rigorous street-style houses in the urban area, the residential areas outside the urban area are relatively loosely arranged, and there are a considerable number of villa houses.

20

On this page, top(left) Acreage map Source:ISTAT ,2020 On this page, top(right) Population density map Source:ISTAT ,2020

2.3.2 Commuter analysis

In 2011, two-thirds of Milan’s 5.59 million motivation dominates (95.9%), which is higher than commutes were to work, a slight decrease compared the previous two surveys (2001 and 1991). with 10 years ago. On the other hand, among the 90,000 residents who leave Milan every day, work

On this page Commuter Diagram map Commuter tool selection diagram Source:moovitapp.com

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

21

2.3.3 Age structure As the issue of population aging is getting more and more attention, we have conducted more detailed statistics on the age structure in the region. First, analyze the average age in the region and the main age population in each region. It is found that the main population in the region is 18-64 age group, and the average age is around 45 years old.

After that, a more detailed analysis of the population of each age group in different regions was carried out, and the top three regions with the largest number of people in each age group were marked to help us conduct a more in-depth analysis around 15mc.

AVERAGE AGE 44+

On this page Average age map Source：www. citypopulation.de

22

a. Elderly population（65+） First, statistics are made on the number of elderly that in the outside, and the aging problem in the people in the region through data. The statistics urban area may be more serious. found that, on the whole, the proportion of elderly people in the urban area is generally higher than

On this page, top Elderly population map+diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

b. Juvenile population（0-17） In the statistics of the juvenile population, we found area. It may be that the better quality of teaching and that the proportion of the juvenile population in the amusement facilities in the city area makes the young urban area is also higher than that in the out-of-city population more concentrated.

On this page, bottom Juvenile population map+diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

23

c. Adult population（18-64） Different from the above-mentioned population structure distribution, the young population is more concentrated in the four areas outside the urban area. Among them, Vimodrono has the largest proportion of young people, accounting for 60% of

the total population. It can be seen from the Google map that this area is mainly dominated by residential buildings and green areas, and the living environment is better, which may attract more young people to live here.

On this page, top Adult population map+diagram Source:www.citypopulation.de

2.3.4 Gender structure In the statistical chart of gender structure, we find the ratio of men to women in each region. Among that no matter which region, there are slightly more them, within the urban area(Milan), the gender ratio women than men, reflecting a slight imbalance in of men and women is relatively more different.

On this page, bottom Gender population map Source:www.citypopulation.de

24

2.3.5 Family structure

For the statistics of family population structure, we first counted the average number of households in the five major regions. According to the data, the average family population in the urban area of ​​Milan is the smallest, only 1.71. This shows that in the city of Milan, the amount of two-person households is the most. The largest number, followed by single-

person families; and the largest family population is Vimodrono, and this area is also the area with the largest proportion of young people. It can be understood that many young people choose to start their own families here. Families in this area consist of three people. The home is dominated by a twoperson family.

On this page, top Family structure map Source:www.citypopulation.de

The household statistics graphs in different regions population graphs. are basically consistent with the previous regional

On this page, bottom Family number map Source:www.citypopulation.de

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

25

2.3.6 Foreign population structure As of 2019, some 277,773 foreign residents lived in the municipality of Milan, representing 19.9% of the total resident population. These figures suggest that the immigrant population has more than doubled in the last 15 years. After World War II, Milan experienced two main waves of immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the early 1970s, saw a large influx of migrants from poorer and rural areas within Italy; the second, starting from the late 1980s, has been characterized by the preponderance of foreign-born immigrants. The early period coincided with the so-called Italian economic miracle of postwar years, an era of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and great public works, that brought to the city a

On this page, left Foreign population map Source:citypopulation.de(web) On this page, right Foreign population map diagram Source:citypopulation.de(web)

26

large influx of over 400,000 people, mainly from rural and underdeveloped Southern Italy. In the last three decades, the foreign born share of the population soared. Immigrants came mainly from Africa , and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe , in addition to a growing number of Asians (in particular Chinese, Sri Lankans and Filipinos) and Latin Americans (Mainly South Americans). At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already had a population of foreign-born residents of approximately 58,000 (or 4% of the then population), that rose rapidly to over 117,000 by the end of the decade (about 9% of the total).

2.4 Overlap our analysis We made an overlaping analysis of commercial and office facilities, public service, transportation systems, blue-green systems, and population structure and flow in the site, and finally concluded: 1) Municipio 2 and 3: High concentration of services on linear axes (SE to NW: Via Rombon, Via palmanova, via Padova, viale Monza) that seems to be related with a high concentration of elderly people.

The side effect of this high concentration on linear axes is a scarse vitality of the in-between neighborhoods (ex: Turro) that threatens street safety.

2) Cologno, Vimodrone, Sesto San Giovanni: the historical centers of these municipalities feature a high potentiality (social mixity, dense population and services), especially in San Giovanni.

barriers.

3) Segrate’s city center has a good performance in terms of 15minutes-likelihood. On the other hand, the municipality contains some “Gated communities” (Milano 2, San Felice) whose developmment in 15M seems problematic: some services are only within 15minutes car reach.

4)Commercial and offices are mainly distributed in the center of Milan, but most of the green space is the opposite, mainly in the east, such as Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate. The population is mainly distributed in Municipio2, Municipio3 with convenient transportation, complete public service facilities and urban centers in surrounding provinces. Good basic conditions can still attract a large number of people to settle.

Although, in the case of Cologno-Vimodrone, the historical center is enclosed within a scarsely permeable industrial tissue and infrastructural Retail & Office

Services

Transportation

Population

Population Flow

Green and Blue System

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

27

2.5 Evaluation&Conclusion—"could be there” and “almost there” of 15min city *Are there sports facilities in the area?

2.5.1 Criteria Based on our research and data analysis of the entire site, combined with our "demographic profile" theme, our group proposed the following 5 evaluation criteria to evaluate the current construction of 15min city in the site.

1. Density of people & services. *Provision of services and facilities.

*Is there any green space in the area? *Are there enough common spaces to study and gather (libraries, public tables and seats)?

4. Continuity of the urban tissue. *Are there brownfields around the area that damage the urban texture?

*High-density residential areas should correspond to high-density service facilities

*Is there a large-scale transportation land around the area blocking its connection with the surrounding area?

*Low-density communities should correspond to low-density service facilities

*Is there a large area of gated urban land (such as industrial zone) around the area?

*Density favors easy reachability of services and facilities.

*Are main facilities and services within reach of a 15min walk or is it 30min walk/cycle/public transport, 15min drive?

2. social mixity *Diversified class composition can promote the fair distribution of social resources and mutual aid. *Is there a varied composition of population by occupation (students, workers, retired...)? *Is there a significative gap in household income in the region?

3. Age composition

5.Street vitality *Street vitality influcences the street safety, the attractiveness of the public spaces and favors daily interactions. *Are there frequent activities happening on the streets in the area? *Is there still certain activities happening at night in the area?

What is the age structure in the area? a.Areas dominated by the elderly(65+=30%+ of total populatiom) *Is there at least a pharmacy within walking distance? *Is there a pharmacy open during the night? *Is there at least one first aid facility in the area? *Is it possible to easily reach the hospital through public transportation facilities? *Is the sidewalk spacious and connected? *Are the residential/public places equipped with barrier-free facilities? *Is there an outdoor activity space (equipped with fitness facilities) in the area? b.Areas dominated by young 25=30%+ of total population)

2.5.2 Evaluation outcome The first picture on the right shows the site evaluation we conducted according to our own criteria. We finally got 12 "almost there" communities and 14 "could be there" communities. San Maurizio is located in the "could be there" area.

The two pictures on the right show the evaluation results of all six major groups in the class. Each group proposes a standard based on its own topic, and evaluates the venue according to its own criteria. Finally, the circles drawn by each group are superimposed. The position with the highest degree of coincidence is the best reference for site selection.

people:(under

On next page, top General evaluation map of macro Group D(group4+12)

*Are there sufficient commercial facilities (especially 24-hour commercial) in the area?

On next page, bottom Overlaping map of all groups(could be there+almost there)

28

Almost there Could be there Almost Could there be there GROUP A

GROUP A

Almost there

GROUP B

GROUP B

Could be there

GROUP C

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

GROUP C SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

COLOGNO MONZESE

GROUP D

GROUP D

GROUP E

GROUP E

GROUP F

GROUP F VIMODRONE

VIMODRONE

MUNICIPIO 2

MUNICIPIO 2

SEGRATE

SEGRATE

MUNICIPIO 3

MILANO

COLOGNO MONZESE

MUNICIPIO 3

MILANO

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

29

03 Understand the area ——San Maurizio field research San Maurizio al lambro: once a village, now hinterland

An in-between community, a light political weight

San Maurizio al Lambro was first merged into the Administrative territory of Cologno Monzese in 1866. Although, until the end of WW2 the fraction was still far from being the suburban agglomeration it is nowadays. Its population accounted not more than 1800 inhabitants in the 1946 census, its territory featured scattered farmhouses and the typical courts of rural Lombardy, providing the area with a sharp rural character. In the fifities and sixties, mainly influenced by the development of the Falck steel industry in Sesto San Giovanni, the population of San Maurizio al Lambro tripled, reaching 7000 in the eighties. What was an agricultural village turned into a working-class industrial community, closely bound to the steel plants on the other side of the river Lambro. The settlement sprawled as in the 80s the new brenches of the highway system (A51, A52) costrained the town, disrupting it from Sesto San Giovanni on one side and Cologno Monzese on the other and enclosing the town in an infrastructural enclosure.

Evene if the steel plant is dismissed, its influence on the territory remains significative.

The “In betweenness” of San Maurizio al Lambro can be described in a whole variety of ways ranging from its political/administrative situation to the chaotic, almost schizophrenic morphology that characterizes the settlement, where the industrial, rural, historical and natural fabrics blend together without solution of cotinuity. Although clearly recognizable in the morphology, in the atmosphere, in the circles and parishes where the citizens of San Maurizio al Lambro gather, the identity of this community has almost no political counterpart. A civic list founded in 2010 (Lista Civica S. Maurizio al Lambro) is the only official representative of the fraction of San Maurizio al Lambro, but all its political success is limited to the improvement of the anti-flooding system of the river Lambro and the installation of securty cameras in some strategic areas in response of a harsh period of frequent robberies and aggressions.

Source: https://www.parrocchiasmau.it/

30

On the previous page, General view of San Maurizio On this page, Location map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

31

3.1 Neighborhood profile 3.1.1 Demographic profile A. Population Cologno Monzese Province, where San Maurizio is located, has a total nearly 47,000 people, ranking third in population, but Cologno Monzese has a large land area with a population density of only 5,548 people per square kilometer.

As San Maurizio is located in the northern part of the province of Cologno Monzese, also closed to the province of Sesto San Giovanni, the advantageous geographical location allows more than one-fifth of

On this page Total residents map Density of population map Total household map Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica Italia(web).2020

32

the people in the province to live here. According to further data collection, there are a total of 10,505 people in this area, mainly in the old city center in the north and the southeast (where the large supermarket is located). The most densely populated areas are also concentrated in the northern old city center, with the highest density reaching 19.2%.

Population distribution diagram (inhabitants) Source:ISTAT,2020

Population density diagram (inhabitants/km²) Source:ISTAT,2020

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

33

B. Age From a macro point of view, the age structure of San Maurizio is roughly the same as that of other places. The proportion of elderly and children is slightly higher than that of the city of Milan and the province of Cologno Monzese.

We zoom in on the statistical results of the population age structure, and we can see the detailed age distribution at the neighborhood level.

time, because it is close to the industrial area, there are lots of people in working age. However, with the increase in job opportunities in Milan and the abundant attractiveness of surrounding cities, more and more young people choose to work in places with better development and more opportunities, or even move away from San Maurizio.

People younger than 18 years old are concentrated in the superblock community and several adjacent communities. Adults between the ages of 18 and 60 are mainly distributed in several neighborhoods near the historic center and several neighborhoods near the southern industrial area. Elderly people older than 60 years old do not have a clear distribution pattern. They are more scattered in the San Maurizio, and the closer to the historical center, the higher the proportion of the elderly.

In general, the age structure of the San Maurizio is relatively reasonable, and there is no community with particularly serious aging problem. At the same

34

On this page Age structure comparison chart map

Age<18

18<Age<60

Age>60

On this page Age<18, 18<Age<60, Age>60 map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

35

C. Foreigners In general, the proportion of foreigners in Cologno Monzese Province is relatively high, reaching 18% of the total population, with foreign people from other European countries, African and Asian countries. Compared with other provinces, the population in Cologno Monzese is more diverse and mixed.

From the perspective of the community, the areas where foreigners gather more are distributed in the communities around the northern historical center and the southern industrial zone. The mixture of populations from different countries also reminds us to consider different housing policies in the following policy design to meet different needs.

On this page, top Foreign population map diagram Source:citypopulation.de(web) On this page, bottom Number of foreigners map Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica Italia(web).2020

36

D. Commuters Through the survey, we can find that about 13% of residents have long commutes every day. They are concentrated in the northern historical center, the communities near the southern industrial area, and the communities near the park in the west.

Based on the statistics of the first stage, we can also know that due to the distance from the center of Milan and the lack of convenient public transportation, nearly 40% of the residents will choose to go to work by private car, and nearly 20% of the residents who work near the community will choose to walk.

For the students in the community, they choose to walk to school, so in the follow-up policy design, we will focus on improving the quality of the pedestrain and the coherence of the slow mobility system.

Source: Source:moovitapp.com

On this page, top Commuter tool selection diagram On this page, bottom Number of daily commuters map Commuting time map

Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica Italia(web).2020

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

37

3.1.2 Transportation system Road system map

On this page Road system map Road section

38

We Classified the roads into main roads and secondary roads and made some simple section analyse. Roads here are generally narrow and it is common to see parking along the street in this area.

The main buses in the area are bus 701 and bus 709. The two buses do not go directly to the city.

One goes through Cologno Monzese from north to south, and the other goes through sesto san giovanni from east to west, which is not well connected to the city center of Milan.

Through investigation and research, it is found that

the pedestrian walkway system in the area is mainly divided into several types: complete pedestrian walkway, no pedestrian walkway, and pedestrian walkways on both sides. After classification research, it is found that most areas in the area have sidewalks, and a complete pedestrian street planned in the historical area. After that, we made a simple assessment of the quality of the sidewalk and the feeling of walking in the road.

Bus system map

Walking system map

On this page Bus system map Walking system map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

39

3.1.3 Services Sport facilities Parish oratory Administration (post office, bank) Education Primary/secondary school Kindergarten Green areas

PLIS Parco Media del Lambro

Religious equipments (church, cementery) Commerce Pharmacy Veterinary Parking areas Existing cycle paths Projects of cycle paths

On this page Public services map

Religious Service

40

Education Service

Sports S

Service

From the analysis of the services present in San Maurizio al Lambro some considerations emerge regarding potentialities and criticalities. Even if it is a small neighbourhood/fragment of Cologno Monzese, there are many sport facilities, some of them are public structures managed by amateur sport associations, many of them are football clubs, and other structures are managed by pastoral associations, often sport fields in real proximity of parish structures. There are a number of churches of which the most important in historical terms is the one in the historic centre.

With regard to large-scale retail trade, there are two medium to large supermarkets, the first in Via Battisti, the main retail street in the district, which

therefore assumes the function more strictly of a neighbourhood service. The second supermarket is located in the southern area, well connected with bicycle lanes, and has a more service function with a wider range of influence and accessibility. One of the critical issues concerns the administrative services, there is only one post office and one bank, then there is a decentralised demographic office of the municipality of Cologno Monzese.Concerning schools there are two first/second grade schools and three kindergartens. These structures represent a potential for the development of the 15-minute city.

On this page Work places map Commercial services map

Healthcare Service

Administrative Service

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

41

42

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

43

3.1.4 Neighborhood identity

Analyzing the green and blue system in San Maurizio and the surrounding area. Having Parco Media Valle del Lambro, makes San Maurizio gives a green identity to the neighbourhood. It is evident that the green system is categorized in three types, first the agriculture lands creating a sense of rural community around it,

VITAL IDENTITY

On this page Green system in community level

44

the parks,including Parco al Lambro, playgrounds and sport fields gives the area a vital identity; and finally, the common green areas, in between vacant land creating potential for regenerating areas and a chance for the neighborhood to grow into the already existing identities.

RURAL IDENTITY

3.1.5 Sense of community

We use the Internet and news to search for regional keywords, and have a certain understanding of the initial impression of the region. In the region, the church is a very important part. In addition, the sports elements in the region are very prominent.

There are many football training fields and football team-related news. Industry once dominated this place and gradually transformed in the region. After that, the construction of parks and bicycle lanes gradually developed. At the same time, the Lambro

River sometimes faces flooding problems.

We made a cognitive map of the area based on preliminary network research, identified the landmarks, nodes, path, districts and edges in the site, so as to better discover problems and resources later, and listed the typical areas of these elements for explanation on the right.

On this page First evaluation map Cognitive map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

45

In order to have a more detailed understanding of the site, we temporarily divide the site into four aspects according to its characteristics, the town center area dominated by historical buildings and churches; the southern part of the center area is closer to the park and has more sports venues. Residential area is the more modern residential area in the space, the texture of this area is special, the area is small; the fourth area is the largest, this area is far from the

center of the town, near the surrounding farmland and the factories in the south, the buildings in this area are more Loose, very free layout, low building density, and less activity; Partitioning is for a more detailed understanding of regional characteristics, in order to better judge problems and resources, and help follow-up further analysis.

1.OLD TOWN ‘The Story Town‘ 3.SUPER BLOCK ‘The Super Block‘

2.NEAR PARK ‘The Vitality Town‘

4.FARMLAND AND FACTORY ‘The Fringe Town‘

On this page Map of four zones

46

(1) The Character of ‘The Story Town’ This is the location of San Maurizio’s old town. In this place, there are the main historical buildings of the town, church-Church of Saint Maurice ‘al Lambro, the old town center, and main roads-Via Cesare Battisti ,Via Vittorio Veneto and Via Martiri della Libertà.

There are dense commercial and retail distribution, and it is the main gathering place for people. The density of buildings here is high, but the roads are relatively narrow.

Built Environment Elements

Overall Evaluation In Very Good Quality, And Convenient to Use The Quality is OK, And Easy to Use In Very Low Quality , And Not Convenient to Use

Construction Quality

As the area is an old city, there are historical buildings and important church buildings.

However, the buildings in this areas are older and of average quality, so they are still convenient to use.

OK

Road Quality Most of the streets in the area are of good quality. The current pedestrian paths and roadways are generally narrow; because there are more commercial facilities and they are located in the center of the town, the streets are more dynamic and pedestrians move around.

Good

Public Space Quality The public space in the area is dominated by squares composed of hard pavement, with less green space, and some squares are still under maintenance and construction. Because it is the center of town, the public space is used at a high rate and the vitality is strong.

OK

Typology The regional building arrangement is relatively compact, the building density is relatively high, the enclosure is high, the relationship between the buildings is relatively close, and the sense of community is relatively strong.

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

47

Function and Facility

The area is the center of the town. The facilities are relatively rich, and the degree of mixing is high. There are religious buildings, school buildings, sports venues and various types of commercial spaces, forming a highly dynamic area.

Number of facilities Facility mix Utilization of facilities Low

High

Ongoing Projects

2 1.Improvement of pedestrain road, make this area only for walking.

1 5

2.Entrance of the green area

6

4 3

7

4.Traffic control area On this page，top Area facility map On this page,bottom Ongoing projects map

48

3.Cylce-pedestrian paths to be surveyed in order to complete the network

5.Great historical sense and need development control 6.Parking control 7.Public service location and type control

Experience and Perceptions TOWN CENTER

HISTORICAL BUILDING

CHURCH PARK GATE Conclusion

Area 1 is the center of the town, with dense buildings and better street vigor.

From the perspective of the built environment, because it is an old city, the building quality is slightly average, but there are churches and historical buildings, which are very attractive to the crowd; From the perspective of facilities and services, this area is relatively concentrated in commercial facilities, the streets are more dynamic, the mix of facilities is richer, and the degree of utilization is relatively rich.

Commercial Area

Building Quality Main Entrance of the Park

Historical /Attraction

Lack of Open Space

From the perspective of the projects to be completed, there are more related policies in this area, and there are more projects to be completed; the area mainly improves the pedestrian roads accordingly; From the perspective of experience, the region has a stronger sense of community and a higher degree of happiness.

Pedestrain Improve

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

49

(2) The Character of ‘The Vitality Town’ This area is very close to the park, and there are major intersections leading to the park. The building function in the area is dominated by residential buildings, with green spaces and training venues in the middle, and the roads in the area are generally narrow.

Built Environment Elements

Overall Evaluation In Very Good Quality, And Convenient to Use The Quality is OK, And Easy to Use In Very Low Quality , And Not Convenient to Use

Construction Quality

The building quality is uneven, mainly residential buildings, and the age and architectural style are quite different. The coordination of architectural styles in the area is low.

OK

Road Quality The road quality in the area is good, and the carriageway is relatively wide, but the continuity of the sidewalk is not enough. Because some of the roads are expressways, and the richness of public facilities in the area is low, the vitality of the streets is insufficient.

OK

Public Space Quality The green area in the area is relatively large, close to large parks, with abundant activities and high-quality green areas

GOOD

Typology The regional buildings are arranged relatively freely, the enclosure is not high, the building density is average, and there is a certain community atmosphere

50

Function and Facility

The number of facilities here is small, and the sports space makes it the most important public service facility, with a high utilization rate, and the mix of other facilities is very low.

Number of facilities Facility mix Utilization of facilities Low

High

Ongoing Projects

1

4 3

2

1.Plantation along the road 2.Green area development 3.Parking control 4.Public service location and type control

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

51

HOUSE

Experience and Perceptions COMMUNITY

GREEN SPACE

SPORTS FIELD

Conclusion

COMMUNITY

Area 2 is in the southern part of the town center, the building density is average, and the street vitality is not strong.

From the perspective of the built environment, there is a big difference in the quality of the buildings, with residential buildings as the main ones, and the street quality is better.

From the perspective of facilities and services, this area has few commercial facilities, the street’s vitality is average, the mix of facilities is low, there are green spaces and sports venues, which are the vitality factors in the region;

Low Mixed Function

Narrow Roads Proximity to the Park

Lack of Entertain

52

Good Pedestrain Quality

From the perspective of the projects to be built, there are fewer relevant policies in this area, and the main focus is on solving road problems, including road greening, parking problems, and so on. There is also a certain degree of concern about the issue of green space. From the perspective of experience, the region has a strong sense of community.

(3) The Character of ‘The Super Block’

The only residential area with modern architecture in the area with high living density, the buildings all have open floor , and commercial spaces There are no vehicles but only pedestrians and cyclepath in the area, which has a good community atmosphere.

Built Environment Elements

Overall Evaluation In Very Good Quality, And Convenient to Use The Quality is OK, And Easy to Use In Very Low Quality , And Not Convenient to Use

Construction Quality The buildings in the super block are basically all residential areas, free floor; the buildings were built in a relatively recent age, the form is relatively uniform, the building quality is generally good, and the use is convenient.

GOOD

Road Quality The roads around the block are of good quality, and the street has a strong sense of atmosphere; the inside of the block is a pedestrian passage, which has a certain degree of safety. Since there are fewer types of public service facilities, the roads near the block are mainly passable.

GOOD

Public Space Quality The public activity space in the block is composed of an overhead plane . There are more commercial facilities in the area, small amount of green space in the area. In addition, there are sports facilities such as stadiums in the area, but the degree of openness is relatively low.

GOOD

Typology The super blocks are mainly residential houses, and the buildings are arranged in parallel and very regular

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

53

Function and Facility

The types of facilities in the super block are relatively single, mainly commercial and retail, but due to the opening of the ground floor space, the number of facilities is relatively high, and the utilization rate is relatively strong.

Number of facilities Facility mix Utilization of facilities Low

High

Ongoing Projects

1 1.Plantation along the road 2

2.Parking control

4 3.Public service location and type control 3

54

4.Cylce-pedestrian paths to be surveyed in order to complete the network

Experience and Perceptions RESIDENTIAL BUILDING FREE FLOOR

SPORTS FIELD COMMERCIAL FACILITY INTERNAL ROAD

Conclusion Area 3 is a super block, the smallest of the four venues.

From the perspective of the built environment, the building quality is relatively consistent, the modernization level is high, and the quality is good, basically residential buildings, the street quality is good, the pedestrian and vehicle diversion system, and the pedestrian safety is high.

From the perspective of facilities and services, this area is relatively high in commercial facilities. The open space on the ground floor is basically commercial facilities, and the street has strong vitality. However, the mix of facilities is low, there are green spaces and sports venues, but the openness is not strong.

Open Floor Sidewalk and Roadway Separated

Low Mixed Function

Commercial Facility

Different Urban Texture

From the perspective of the project to be completed, due to the relatively mature regional construction, there are fewer relevant policies in this region, mainly focusing on the solution of the surrounding road problems, and there is also a certain degree of attention to the bicycle lanes. From the perspective of experience, the area has a strong sense of community and high convenience in life.

Good Living Condition NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

55

(4) The Character of ‘The Fringe Town’

Closer to the surrounding farms and the industrial area in the south, far from the old city center, it is the edge of the area. It is mainly a low-density residential area. There are many green areas , and there are also a certain number of sports training venues.

Built Environment Elements

Overall Evaluation In Very Good Quality, And Convenient to Use The Quality is OK, And Easy to Use In Very Low Quality , And Not Convenient to Use

Construction Quality The area is large, far away from the town center, and the buildings are mainly low-rise buildings, mostly of poor quality.

Road Quality

LOW

Due to the large area of the area, the forms of roads in the area are more diverse.

Generally speaking, the pedestrian system in the area is insufficiently connected, public service facilities are not widely distributed, the vitality of streets is low, and some streets are too narrow.

OK

Public Space Quality The main types of public space in the area are green space, vacant land and sports land. Due to the low building density, the public space occupies a relatively large area, but the overall land use is relatively low.

OK

Typology The regional building density is low, and the urban fabric does not have a strict arrangement relationship. Some buildings are arranged closely, some buildings are arranged along the street, and the interior is open space , and some buildings have no obvious arrangement rules and are relatively loose and free.

56

Function and Facility

The area is far away from the city center, and the density of facilities is greatly reduced. It is dominated by sports venues and schools, interspersed with some retail and religious facilities, with moderate use and low regional influence Number of facilities Facility mix Utilization of facilities Low

High

Ongoing Projects 6

4

1

5 3

1.Plantation along the road 2

2.Improve the cycle path and pedestrain in this area 3.Develop more green area 4.Parking control 5.Public service location and type control 6.Regional center development

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

57

Experience and Perceptions

HOUSE

FARMLAND VACANT SPACE

ROAD

Conclusion Area 4 is the largest of the four sites, close to farmland At the same time, the government has also paid attention and factories in the south. to the establishment of this local central area.

From the perspective of the built environment, the building quality is relatively average, and some buildings need to be refurbished. They are basically residential buildings. The connection between the buildings is weak, and the street quality is relatively acceptable, but the pedestrian system is not well connected.

From the perspective of facilities and services, this area has relatively few facilities of all kinds, and the degree of mixing of facilities is also very low, mainly open green spaces and schools, and there are many open spaces for use. The vitality of the streets is low.

From the perspective of the projects to be completed, this area still focuses on improving the quality of roads, road environment and improving the quality of green space.

58

From the experience point of view, although this area is relatively desolate compared to others, it has its own unique sense of rural community and is also a good community atmosphere.

Lack of Community Identity Open Space can be Developed

Chaotic Road Open Space can be Developed

Chaotic Road

Low Street Vitality

Lack of public service facilities

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

59

3.1.6 Policy and Stakeholders of San Maurizio al Lambro ecosystems map Our stakeholder identification analysis starts with a potential actors are most interested in a possible

High

Comitato Sagra San Maurizio al Lambro

implementation of our strategies. The last step, which will be deepened in the specific strategies, aims at identifying possible relationships between actors in order to facilitate the advancement of specific policies.

Stakeholder_ecosystems map Sport/Parrish Associations

High

Project Developer

Neighbourhood committee

Industry Associations

Comitato Sagra San Maurizio al Lambro

High

High interest but little power

High interest and great power

High interest and great power

High

Low

Low interest and little power

Low interest but

high power Low interest and little power

Low interest but high power

L ow

Interes t

High interest but little power

L ow

Power

Conduct stakeholder analysis

ood committee

search for possible local actors in the neighbourhood such as associations and local authorities. We then Sport/Parrish Associations identify actors Project at aDeveloper broader aministrative level and potential private actors who are involved in urban Industry Associations and social design circuits. The next step was to recognise through an interest-power matrix which

Power

Examining the levels of influence and interest of each stakeholder STAKEHOLDER Affected popoulation Community leaders Civil society International actors ?

National Government Regional Government Local Government

Stakeholder categories and types Broad Category

Sub-Category

Those involved in delivery of the project

Those who affect the project

Those who are affected by the project

60

Developer Owner Client Professional consultants(Architectural, Planning) Investor(s)

Those who determine the context

European Institutions Environmental Agency Regional government departments Local Autorithy-Planning Department

Directly affected

Population Users of the building, spaces,facilities

May be directly or indirectly affected depending upon the context

EXISTING FORUMS National, city and area-level groups Local Goverment-led meetings Community meeting International actors ?

Types of Individuals/Groups

Others who may be interested

Local community members (political, associative) External Agency (planning,architecture,events) Environmental organisations Researchers/Academics Media Potential users for future projects

Project Developer

Neighbourhood committee

Comitato Sagra San Maurizio al Lambro

High

Establish a coordination plan

Sport/Parrish Associations

Industry Associations

High

Leveraging highly in uential and interested stakeholders

Authority or influence National/local actors responsible for proving services Peer organization to coordinate activities Influence among community member Knowledge

San Maurizio al Lambro San Maurizio al Lambro “NAME OF PROJECT_NEIGHBOURHOOD

Depend on what kind of project we want to develop according to our main STRATEGIES

European Commision, BCE Ministry of Environment (nat) ARPA Lombardia ISPRA (reg) Residence administrator, Retailers, ESSELUNGAlocal commercial activities Lombardia Region-PLIS(*) Municipality of Cologno Monzese (main deparments)*1 Population, neighbourhood committee, Lista civica (civic list) “San Maurizio al Lambro in comune”

(*)1 San Maurizio al Lambro Neighbourhood committee

-Municipal Councillors (Municipal Councillor San Maurizio District) -Industry Associations:Confcommercio Lombardia, Confartigianato Lombardia, (Food retailers)

Public works and mobility Social policies

-Associations in San Maurizio al Lambro (*) (mainly sport and parrish associations)

Environment Comitato Sagra San Maurizio al Lambro

TEMPORIUSO, OFFICINE URBANE (Tactical Urbanism) MARECULTURALEURBANO, Others (Events) WWF Italy, Lega Ambiente Lombardia DASTU Politecnico di Milano,Transportation Planning Private Agency (Systematica srl), Social Promotion Foundation MilanoToday Potential users for future projects, Cologno/Sesto inhab.

School and school buildings Sport and sports buildings Culture - Education Equal opportunities

Economic and Urban planning

nancial planning

On previous page, top Stakeholder of ecosystems map On this page, top Establish a coordination plan On previous page, bottom Conduct stakeholder analysis

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

61

3.2 Features

Feature 1:Industrial characteristics (primary and secondary industries)

Feature 3:Areas where urban and rural areas are combined

62

Feature 2:Huge park, green space surrounds the two major residential areas in the north and factories in the south

Feature 4: The place feels deserted and abandoned.

On this page Four features of San Mauriozio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

63

3.3 Ongoing projects and policies

64

1.Improvement of pedestrain road, make this area only for walking 2.Entrance of the green area 3.Cylce-pedestrian paths to be surveyed in order to complete the network 4.Traffic control area 5.Great historical sense and need development control 6.Parking control 7.Public service location and type control 8.Plantation along the road 9.Parking control 10.Cylce-pedestrian paths to be surveyed in order to complete the network 11.Public service location and type control 12.Parking control 13.Plantation along the road 14.Public service location and type control 15.Improve the cycle path and pedestrain in this area 16.Regional center development 17.Plantation along the road 18.Public service location and type control 19.Parking control 20.Green area development

On this page On going projects of San Mauriozio Source: PGT Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

65

04 Problem Definition 4.1 Circular Economy

A circular economy (also referred to as "circularity") is an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources. Circular systems employ reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, minimising the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, equipment and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component or recovered resource for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost).

This regenerative approach is in contrast to the traditional linear economy, which has a "take, make, dispose" model of production.

base, but so far, there are no suitable local distributors. Farmers can only sell their products out of San Maurizio. This non-circular economy has caused great inconvenience and increased transportation. Cost, wasted manpower and material resources, there should be corresponding ways to improve in the future.

In this area,So far, this region has not formed a relatively coherent circular economy system. The area has many years of agricultural production

on this page: Circular and non-circular economy Source: self-drawing

66

4.2 Demographic profile Globalization and international trade Education data require countries and their economies to compete with one another. Economically successful countries will hold competitive and comparative advantages over other economies, though a single country rarely specializes in a particular industry. A typical developed economy will include various industries with different competitive advantages and disadvantages in the global marketplace. The education and training of a country's workforce is a major factor in determining how well the country's economy will perform.

Walking around in San Maurizio the atmo- Percentage of graduates in Cologno Monzese compared to surrounding municipalities. Source: PGT adottato Cologno Monzsphere is the one of a countryside village. ese, ISTAT data.

A strong identity is recognizable both in the spontaneous gardens and orchards that Europe Italy Milano (province) San Maurizio swarm in the interspaces, testament of a rural tradition, and in the numerous gatherings around the parishes, sports centers, and 6.7% 13% 19% 32% in the few bars along Via Battisti.

Although, when taking a closer look, many of total population of total population of total population are of total population are are are College Graduates College Graduates seem to be the youngsters wasting their day College Graduates College Graduates after futile activities, while the numerous closed shops and around the town center suggest abandoment, lack of opportunities 61% 35% 52% 35% and a fragile ground for entepreneurship. of total popilation of total popilation Looking into the data, the sensation is con- of total population of total popilation have have have have firmed: although one may expect something High School Degree High School Degree High School Degree High School Degree different from a former sleeping town, the housing stock seems to be in a good status Employment data and the very low renters/owners ratio (the Europe Italy Milano (province) San Maurizio rents are around 340 in San Maurizio while the property houses around 3500) suggests that the right to a house is widely provided 22% 19% 10% 22% in the area.

What is instead warrying is the education of total population of total population of total population of total population and employement condition, as explained are are are are by the tables and confirmed by the atmoUnemployed/not Unemployed/not Unemployed/not Unemployed/not looking for a job looking for a job looking for a job sphere, which calls for a REGENERATING looking for a job action (Strategy 2, action 2) able to foster targeted education and an enetrepreneurial/vocational training incubator for San on this page: Maurizio.

education and employment data Source: ISTAT, EUROSTAT.

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

67

4.3 Incomplete public service facilities

In this area, some of the more important infrastructure is relatively lacking, such as schools, hospitals and related entertainment facilities. In this area, there are no higher education resources, basic education resources are also relatively lacking, and the overall level of education is low, which needs to be strengthened and improved later; for medical care, there are no formal health centers or related hospitals in the area. The

conditions are very weak. Residents need to go to other remote areas for medical treatment, which is very inconvenient. It is also an important aspect of residents’ dissatisfaction with the area. In addition, there are almost no entertainment facilities in the area, only a few retail catering and a supermarket, and the residents' leisure life is relatively scarce.

On this page Service facilities in SanMaurizio Source: Self drawing

68

4.4 Disconnection/Insufficient connectivity with other regions

This small town is not closely connected with external transportation. There are two larger cities around itMilan and Monza, and there are also several important areas-sesto san giovanni.cologno monzese.

In this area, San maurizio ，the transportation time with these surrounding areas is within 30 minutes, and the main contact method is car transportation, and some areas, such as sesto san giovanni and cologno monzese, are connected to the bus system. The Milan Metro did not reach this area. According to the survey, the commuting between Milan and San Maurizio is mainly to use the subway to reach Cologno monzese and then arrive by car. On the whole, San Maurizio is not very close to the outside world, and there are few transportation options.

4.5 Lack of Local identity "I live in Cologno where I run a tobacco shop, it's a very good place for my wife and my children, we have everything within walking reach and if maybe we need some fancy clothes or specific food it's a 5 minute walk to the metro.''

"I've been living in Viale Lombardia for 20 years now, I drive the underground trains.

Here's a bit different than San Maurizio al Lambro, I feel more like a citizen from Cologno, I walk through the underpass below the highway and get to the center in 10 minutes. ''

"I have lived in this neighborhood for a long time. this residential area was built late in this area, and the facilities are relatively modern, and it is very comfortable to live in. There are few vehicles passing by in this residential area, and it feels safer. There are also some sports facilities for us to exercise, fitness but lack of other type of entertainment facilities'' On this page,top San Mauriozio's connections with other area "I've live in San Maurizio like 50 years, and I run a farm here,I produce a lot of kind of products. I sell my products outside On this page,bottom San Maurizio because there are no markets here. It is not very interviews with residents in San convenient '' Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

69

05 Concept ——An "in-between" community 5.1 Concept explanation Through the rational (physical aspect) and perceptual (mental aspect) analysis of the site, we summarized the SWOT information of the community. We did a brainstorm and put forward our concept: an “inbetween” community. We hope to make San Maurizio community a real 15min city through this concept.

where they can meet their needs in life. At the same time they shold have a strong sense of belonging, from the bottom of thier heart, believing that they LIVE IN the community and falling in love with this area.

1) Live “BETWEEN”

Our concept is to build an in-between community.

Because our site is located on the edge of the city, between different functional areas(residentialindustrial) and different neighborhood, it has gone through a long history to the present, facing the past resources and the challenges of the future. This kind of feeling “between” is natural.

What is Live “BETWEEN”? In our definition, live between is both a physical concept and a psychological concept. In terms of space, “live between” means literally, walking from indoor to outdoor, walking among different communities, and commuting from where they live to where they work every day. Due to the lack of cultural identity and the lack of communication between neighbors in the community, there is also a mentality of no sense of belonging ——Between.

3) "IN-BETWEEN" Community

Our general goal is solve physical and psychological isolation problem, not feel living “between” (lack sense of community, inconvenience, no vitality, not safe etc.) but feel living “in”(good quality of public 2) Live “IN” services, sense of beloning, cultural attractions) the What is Live “IN”? In our definition, live in is more community; Let communities and regions form an of a psychological concept. It is based on convenient integrated whole, let citizens love where they live. public service facilities, safe transportation, vibrant streets and public spaces, mixed-function communities etc., allowing residents have life circle,

70

5.2 Concept implementation: towards our strategies In order to achieve the goal that increase the interaction between people and the territory, and let people enjoy and spend more time to live and work in the community, we proposed four strategies and seven specific actions. We use a simple diagram to explain how these four main strategies correspond to the areas where we want to improve in San Maurizio.

From a large scale, S4 mainly aims at the theme of accessibility and connection to improve the external connections, in order to make people's lives more convenient. From a middle scale perspective, S1 mainly proposes a strategy of activating the local economy through urban agriculture for the local economy, achieving the purpose of reusing vacant land for production and increasing employment. From a microscale, S2 and S3 both focus on regeneration, promoting the sense of community by increasing services and facilities, activating public spaces by increasing community gardens, improving the quality of education by transforming schools and enhancing the development of local agricultural economy.

In general, the four strategies form a situation of mutual promotion, from culture, transportation, economy, society etc. and other aspects to make a huge improvement in San Maurizo. After implementing the strategy, people are willing to live here and have a sense of belonging, making San Maurizio a real vibrant and attractive 15min city.

On this page, left Current situation: "live between" concept map On this page, right Futureplan: "live in" concept map

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

71

06 Strategy Local/Circular economy

S1

Activating local economy through urban agriculture

Regeneration

S2

Tackling unemployment and lack of education/ Revitalize the neighborhood

Regeneration

S3

Triggering a sense of community/ Increasing the supply of needed services and facilities

Accessibility and Connection

S4 72

Improving external connections

A1

Integrated Actions Reuse of public interstitial spaces as community gardens (local farmers, privates)

A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7

Reuse of public interstitial spaces as community gardens (disadvanteges groups, associations, scools) Redevelop the formal secondary school "E.Toti" into a new vocational training school

Regeneration of public and vacant spaces to serve local and community activities

Internal connections and displacement of parking lots

Refunctionalization of commercial and services spaces

Intermunicipal soft mobility connection

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

73

Neighborhood Plan for a 15 Minute City - Startegies

S1

Local/Circular economy

Activating local economy through urban agriculture

Regeneration

S2

Tackling unemployment and lack of education / Revitalize the neighborhood

Regeneration

S3

Triggering a sense of community/ Increasing the supply of needed services and facilities

Accessibility and Connection

S4

Improving external connections

74

Villagio Falck

Monza

Urban gardens Educational gardens Vocational training school Sport facilities and parks Display walls and facades Commercial facilities Main commercial street

New cycling lanes Old Cycling lanes Bike racks Intermunicipal soft mobility connection

Cologno Monzese NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

75

07 The Actions and Projects 7.1 S1: Activate the local economy through urban agriculture

S1

Local/Circular economy

Activating local economy through urban agriculture

A1 Reuse of public interstitial spaces as community gardens (local farmers, privates)

Urban gardens 76

On this page Strategy 1, action 1 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

77

S1-A1: Reuse of public interstitial spaces as urban gardens

3

10 (500sqm) Vacant area

2

20 (1000sqm) ARUS

20 (1000sqm) Extension of Local farmer area

4

1

L

OCAL FARM

The first strategy aims to activate the local economy through a structured plan concerning urban agriculture.

Urban gardens are becoming a consolidated reality, as evidenced by the growing commitment of associations and public administrations to a solution that promotes sustainable development and has proven to be largely capable of fostering the rediscovery of social ties. In the context of San Maurizio, a small segment of the population is already dedicated to this type of activity, to this return to the origins in terms of urban/rural life. In

78

10 (500sqm) Proximity to Esselunga

any case, our first strategy focuses on activating the local economy through the action of reusing interstitial and unused spaces as urban gardens. In this specific case, the municipality of Cologno Monzese (which administers San Maurizio al Lambro) could guarantee two types of instruments to activate and favor these uses among the population: the first concerns the provision of incentives and tax breaks, for example with reduced rents for specific concessionaires, such as entrepreneurs in the area who are fighting the post-covid crisis, or young

ii. Action process diagram Municipality of Cologno Monzese can grant public areas for urban garden in three different ways

1

3

2

Subsidised leases

Public-Private Agreements

contractual form:

contractual form:

tax benefits and incentives

Municipal Call

rental fee

main purposes:

main purposes:

support for work and the local agricultural economy

vocational training

(commercialisation)

2

1

targeting

targeting

private actors in the local context

protected by trade unions

young local farmers (Under-35)

local farmers

main buyer of local agricultural products (Ortomercato Milan)

employing post-pandemic unemployed and legal foreign nationals

and others...

Typology 1

+ plot of private property

large retail chain present in the local context

vo c

atio

n al

hub

plot of land/extension

Typology 2 urban gardens and vocational training activities in the future hub (according to S2-A3)

entrepreneurs who want to get involved. This support to the agricultural economy, which is strongly present in the area, could thus favor an economic recovery, as well as a stimulus for the enlargement of the players' area.

The agricultural products obtained from these gardens could be marketed. It would therefore be a question of granting an extension of land for local farmers and young people. The second instrument, on the other hand, would concern the possibility of granting certain areas, mainly the most strategic ones near commercial

centers, to private companies present in the area (e.g.

Esselunga, Sogemi, etc.) which, in exchange for a concession of a degraded area, would take care of the green areas and a demonstrative agricultural production or training orientation for employees, with reference, for example, to KM0 cultivation.

On this page,left

map of S1-A1 On this page,right Action progress diagram Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

79

iii. Action feasibility ARUS

Typology 1 Subsidies/Grants

20 (1000sqm) Urban Gardens

1

Indicative Budget

Stakeholders Responsibility

Subsidised rents for about 23.000€ (with seeds, tools and ferlocal producers (commercialisation) tiliser)

Sub-action2 Public-private agreements (workshops and professional practice

Resources Channel public and private capital with agreed investment percentages (agreed rentals, etc)

80

-Municipality of Cologno Monzese Local farmer (individual/in association form) -Trade Unions ConfCommercio, ConfIndustria, Coldiretti

Description

Resources Channel

Typology 2 Public-Private Agreement

10 (500sqm) Urban Gardens

OCAL FARM

750€/50 sqm (30 gardens)

AdP (Accordo di Programma, Art. 34 TU) Municipality of Cologno Monzese -Regione Lombardia -European Union (Recovery Fund- Next GenerationEU)

3

Extension Lot

L

Sub-action1

20 (1000sqm) Urban Gardens

2

granting a share of public areas to farmers (as an extension of their existing plots) that activate virtuous employment procedures in favour of unemployed people and foreign citizens.

10/20 (500sqm) Urban Gardens

4

Indicative Budget

Stakeholders Responsibility

-Municipality of Cologno 750€/50sqm (20 gardens) Monzese -Private actors in the local about 15.000€ (with seeds, tools and fer- context (Esselunga, SOGEMI, Local tiliser) agricultural enterprises)

Description Involving local companies in the process of reusing and enhancing underused and valorisation of underused public spaces

On this page,left feasibility analysis of S1-A1 Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

81

7.2 S2: Tackle unemployment and lack of education/revitalize the area

Regeneration

S2

Tackling unemployment and lack of education / Revitalize the neighborhood

A2 Reuse of public interstitial spaces as community gardens (disadvanteges groups, associations, scools)

Educational gardens 82

On this page Strategy 2, action 2 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

83

S2-A2: reuse of public interstitial spaces as community gardens (disadvanteges groups, associations, schools)

5 (250 sqm) School 6

10 (500sqm) Urban Block 4

5 (250sqm) School

5

3

2

10 (500sqm) Vacant Area

The second strategy, specifically revitalizing the area, presupposes as a project action the re-use of some degraded areas to be used as communal or individual vegetable gardens. Although this action is part of the more general objective of expanding urban agriculture, unlike the first action, it does not contain intentions linked to the growth of the local economy, but rather focuses on the creation of urban fragments where people can rediscover the beauty of

84

10 (500sqm) ARUS

1

10 (500sqm) Vacant Area

nature and can occupy their free time. The intention is to hypothesize, through the search for some references, the use of two instruments to govern these processes. The first is the municipal announcement, which aims to grant these areas (individual gardens) to disadvantaged groups of people (the elderly, etc.) or to associations (communal gardens) or schools (educational gardens) that can activate inclusive strategies through urban gardens, improving the sense

ii. Action process diagram Municipality of Cologno Monzese

2

1

Municipal Call

can grant public areas for urban garden in three different ways

Subsidised leases

3

Public-Private Agreements

contractual form: Free loan main purposes: recreational, educational, leisure

(self-sufficiency and non-commercialisation)

Targeting gardens for individuals in economically and socially disadvantaged situations (elderly, etc.)

Agricultural goods produced for:

spaces to associations or network of associations

i.e:

“SML Re-start”

rankings with priority access and space allocation

self-consuption

In the case of an agreement with the municipality: monthly quantity produced can lead to bonuses (shopping vouchers, etc.)

New Neighbourhood association of San Maurizio al Lambro

Neighbourhood Associations

student and sports associations

environmental associations

Typology 3 individual garden

Acceleration of the association process thanks to the intervention of a Community Manager

Typology 4 Common/Community Garden Educational gardens

of community, which is not very present in the context of San Maurizio. This process could be accelerated by the intervention of a community manager or a specific agency. The agricultural goods produced, however, can only be used for self-consumption, or through a hypothetical agreement with the municipality, the quantity produced could activate bonuses and shopping vouchers to help the population with their daily needs.

On this page,left feasibility analysis of S2-A2 Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

85

iii. Action feasibility Typology 3 Municipal Call

1

3

2

individual garden for disadvantages people

Sub-action2 Municipal Call (Bando Municipale) for temporary concession (comodato d’uso) to disadvantaged groups and associations

Indicative Budget According to Coldiretti 250€/20sqm (with seeds, tools and fertiliser) about 40.000 € for 50 gardens

-Municipality of Cologno Monzese -Associations (e.g. Confagricoltura, Coldiretti) -Local inhabitants (individual/in association form) -Community Manager

Description

Resources Channel

AdP (Accordo di Programma, Art. 34 TU) -Municipality of Cologno Monzese -Regione Lombardia -European Union (Recovery Fund- Next GenerationEU)

Stakeholders Responsibility

Implementation of: Individual garden Common/Community Garden Educational Garden

Typology 4 Municipal Call

5

4

6

Common/Community Garden Educational gardens

Sub-action1

Engaging Actors

Resources Channel -

Indicative Budget

0

Stakeholders Responsibility

-Municipality of Cologno Monzese -Associations (e.g. Confagricoltura, Coldiretti) -Local inhabitants (individual/in association form) -Schools

Description -

On this page,left feasibility analysis of S2-A2 Source: Self drawing

86

Cost Estimation 5m According to Coldiretti

10m

250€/20 sqm

a medium garden of 50 sqm cost 750 €

(with seeds, tools and fertiliser)

medium size 50 smq

URBAN GARDEN PLAN FOR SAN MAURIZIO AL LAMBRO (15MC) project hypothesis

5000 sqm

of urban gardens to be created about 100 gardens

50% of Areas with Municipal Call 2500 sqm

30% of Areas with grants 1500 sqm

20% of Areas with PPA 1000 sqm

iiii. Reference and rendering

individual garden for disabled people

common garden educational garden 1)Reuse of vacant green areas, gardens around schools; invite schools to organize joint planting activities as a classroom of nature, increasing children's interest in learning natural knowledge; 2)Use the empty space between the houses for agricultural planting, and the residents will take care of them together, increasing public participation and community identity.

On this page reference and renders of S2-A2 Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

87

S2-A3: Redevelop the former secondary school "E. Toti" into a new vocational training school

Regeneration

S2

Tackling unemployment and lack of education / Revitalize the neighborhood

A3 Redevelop the formal secondary school "E.Toti" into a new vocational training school

Vocational training school 88

On this page Strategy 2, action 3 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

89

S2-A3: Redevelop the former secondary school "E. Toti" into a new vocational training school

The Building status: • • • • • • •

Current status photos

90

Public owner (municipality) Former Secondary school Hosts 10 associations only around 50 rooms, 5.000sqm 25.000sqm of green spaces/ vacant agricultural fields Wide crawl space beneath Currently only 15 rooms are used and for many days the building is not frequented.

Main surrounding industries and related potential workshop/courses:

ii. Action process diagram

Municipality of Cologno Monzese Public initiatives Municipal Call + Public/Private Management/Funding

+

An entrepreneurial + cultural + hospitality vocation

programming of educational courses farmers' market, kitchen and bar, cinema and theatre, spaces for events.

initiates a municipal call to grant a disused public facility developing a new creative hub

identifies a managing entity (association, consortium, network of companies)

i.e The entrepreneurial model del is a hybrid between b public and private

would offer professional courses (With the Municipality) workshops and activities related to the presence of urban gardens (S1-A1) and environmental sustainability

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

91

iii. Action feasibility

Sub-action1 Engaging Actors

-

Indicative Budget -

Description

Resources Channel

Sub-action2

-

Indicative Budget

Municipal Call (Bando 2-500.000€ （Cost of Municipale) redevelopment of the 2 for temporary concession reference models) (comodato d’uso) for a new “ Vocational Hub”

Resources Channel

-Crowdfunding fromusers -Municipality of Cologno -Private industries interested in training of new employees -Regional/European funds: Recovery and resilience planEducation and inclusion.

Stakeholders Responsibility

-Municipality of Cologno Monzese

Stakeholders Responsibility -Associations (e.g. Confagricoltura, Coldiretti) -Local inhabitants and farmers (in association form) -Private companies

Description

On this page,left feasibility analysis of S2-A3 Source: Self drawing

92

iiii. Reference and rendering

The design models: Cascina Cuccagna, Milano.

Main activities: Weekly agricultural market

Restaurant

Workshops and conferences in the common spaces

The project started in 2005 with the foundation of an association for the redevelopment of the old farmhouse (century XVII). In 2012, the whole building was refurbished through the expertise of HYDEA studio and Politecnico di Milano and mainly funded by a Fondazione Cariplo fund section dedicated to refurbishment of Historical buildings.

The place is under constant innovation and activities change and add up every year.

The design models: Kilowatt, ex Serre Giardini Margherita, Bologna.

Main activities:

Restaurant

Job formation and consulting

Common gardens

Educational camps and summer camps

Marketing workshops

The Kilowatt project process started in 2015, when the five above-mentioned associations (who were previously workinf somewhere else) came together and proposed the regeneration of the former Margherita Greenhouse. The redevelopment costed around 500.000€ and was entirely funded by the Emilia Romagna region as a virtuous example of work, culture and research innovation.

On this page reference and renders of S2-A3 Source: Google image

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

93

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A4: Regeneration of pulic and vacant spaces to serve local and community activities

Regeneration

S3

Triggering a sense of community/ Increasing the supply of needed services and facilities

A4 Regeneration of public and vacant spaces to serve local and community activities

Sport facilities and parks Display walls and facades 94

On this page Strategy 3, action 4 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

95

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A4: Regeneration of pulic and vacant spaces to serve local and community activities

96

ii. Action process diagram

On this page,left map of S3-A4 On this page,right Action progress diagram Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

97

iii. Action feasibility Sub-action1 Improvement of already existing public spaces

Resources Channel

Squares Playground Parks

Sub-action2 Regenerate the historical center

Resources Channel

vacant houses Squares

Indicative Budget

Municipality of Cologno Monzese Community associations Local residents City Furniture/ Materials Company

Number: 20 seats,500m2 soft material Cost: €10,000

Description

Increase seats, and provide people with a place to rest.

Repair the facilities on the square. Add soft materials.

Reuse the very poor-quality green space.

Indicative Budget

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of Cologno Monzese Community associations Local residents Clergy in church

Number: 1 vacant house Cost: €5,000

Description

Renovate the square and use it as a venue for temporary events.

Use the vacant houses around the church as a space for the elderly.

Sub-action3

Indicative Budget

Add sports facilities in PLIS park

Number: 2 km running track 2 basketball court 1 climbing wall Fee of manual maintenance Cost: €25,000

cycle path + running track Squares Park Sports facilities in poor quality

Sub-action4 Reuse and redesign the walls

Resources Channel Walls along the street

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of Cologno Monzese Parco della Media Valle del Lambro Administration Local residents

Description

Resources Channel

98

Stakeholders Responsibility

Construct a running track around the park and connect it to the existing track Add other sports facilities, such as climbing wall, basketball court etc.

Indicative Budget Number: 6 walls Cost: €3,000

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of Cologno Monzese Community associations Local residents Artists

Description Redesign the monotonous wall next to the street, turning it into a planting green wall, cultural display wall, etc

iiii. Reference and rendering Improvement of already existing public spaces 1)Squares: Improve the quality of the existing square, increase seats, and provide people with a place to rest.

2)Playgrounds: Improve the quality of the square by repairing the facilities on the square, especially the square for children’s activities. Add soft materials, such as plastic mats, to provide safety for children’s activities.

3)Parks: Reuse the very poor-quality green space and increase the rest seats to provide people with a place to rest.

Source: Google image

Add sports facilities in PLIS park 1)Construct a running track around the park and connect it to the existing track 2)Add other sports facilities, such as climbing wall, basketball court etc.

Source: Google image

Reuse and redesign the walls Redesign the monotonous wall next to the street, turning the original negative street space into a positive one, turning it into a planting green wall, cultural display wall, etc. which can interact with pedestrians. We selected three sections of walls next to the abandoned street from san maurizio for renovation and design, and made the street more interesting by adding interactive devices.

Source: Self drawing

Regenerate the historical center 1)Renovate the square and use it as a venue for temporary events, such as weekend markets, open-air movies, etc.

2)Use the vacant houses around the church as a community library and a space for the elderly.

Workshops can be organized here, and everyone can come to chat, read books, play chess, etc.

Source: self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

99

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A5: Internal connections and displacement of parking lots

Regeneration

S3

Triggering a sense of community/ Increasing the supply of needed services and facilities

A5 Internal connections and displacement of parking lots

New cycling lanes Old Cycling lanes Bike racks 100

On this page Strategy 3, action 5 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

101

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A5: Internal connections and displacement of parking lots

In this strategy, we have three sub strategies, corresponding to bicycle lanes, bicycle parking lots, and on-street parking.

We hope that through these strategies, we can strengthen the connections within the region and strengthen the vitality of the region.

SUBACTION1: Remove parking on both sides of the street and leave as much pedestrian space as possible SUBACTION 2: Increase the bicycle lanes in the area to form a closed loop with the existing lanes; two ways to increase the bicycle lanes1. Due to the insufficient area of the ​​ road, only the bicycle lanes are marked and the road length is about 868m 2. There is a certain space, 800m of new bicycle lanes can be built

102

SUBACTON 3: Increase the bicycle parking lot and increase the location in accordance with the following four principles: Reason 1:Close to planned or existing bicycle lanes Reason 2: Combined with existing parking lots, mixed use of parking lots Reason 3: The bicycle parking areas should not be too far apart as possible.

Reason 4: Set up in combination with other public service facilities Approximately 24 bicycle parking lots are added inside the site, with a total area (2 square meters per vehicle), each parking lot is 30 square meters, and a total of 720 square meters.

ii. Action process diagram

Municipality of Cologno Monzese

1 Municipal Call

2 Subsidised leases

Urban planning department Consultation

Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni

can grant connections for San Maurizio in three different ways

3 Public-Private Agreements

Municipality of San Maurizio

public propaganda

Planner investigation Tourist Company Tourist Company

Relavent website

Folk Hobby Organization

Tax/Related agencies

Construction Urban Construction Department

Existing road with car parking

Worker association

Existing bike lane Existing bike lane

Existing road with car parking

On this page,left map of S3-A5 On this page,right Action progress diagram Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

103

iii. Action feasibility

Sub-action1 Off-street parking lot removal

Indicative Budget

Municipality of San Maurizio Local planning department Residents/car owners

Labor cost:1000€

Resources Channel Via Cesare Battisti

Stakeholders Responsibility

Description

Remove the original ground marking paint and return the road to the residents

Sub-action2

Indicative Budget

Bike lane

Type 1(mark): Paint cost:1670€ Labor cost:1000€ Type 2(built new bike lanes) New bike lane area: 1200 m2 Total cost:34330€

Resources Channel Unused land Original road

Sub-action3 Bike parking lot

Resources Channel Square Original parking lot Vacant area

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of San Maurizio Urban planning department Tourist Company Folk Hobby Organization Cyclist

Description

The budget in type 2 include Including construction materials, machinery costs,and labor costs per square meter

Indicative Budget Total area:720m2 Total cost:4600€

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of San Maurizio Urban planning department Social welfare agency

Description

The budget in type 2 include Including construction materials, machinery costs,and labor costs per square meter On this page,left feasibility analysis of S3-A5 Source: Self drawing

104

iiii. Reference and rendering

Remove cars from Via Cesare Battisti

Mark new bike lanes on the road

Build new bike parking lot

On this page reference and renders of S3-A5 Source: self drawing,Google image

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

105

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A6: Re-functionalization of commercial and services spaces

Regeneration

S3

Triggering a sense of community/ Increasing the supply of needed services and facilities

A6 Refunctionalization of commercial and services spaces

Commercial facilities Main commercial street 106

On this page Strategy 3, action 6 in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

107

7.3 S3: Trigger a sense of community and increase the supply of needed services and facilities S3-A6: Re-functionalization of commercial and services spaces

Temporary Closed Permanently Closed/Vacant Pharmacies and Clinics Retail and Comemrcial Services

Via Battisti, the main commercial axis and almost the only street with commercial facilities and services.

There's a noticeable market failure, closed bankrupted stores and facilities, as well as, vacant commercial spaces offered for rent or sale, indicating higher prices than what the locals could afford.

Following the strategy of triggering the sense of community and increasing the supply of needed services and facility, via Battisti shows good potential for a vital commercial place.

Revitalization of commercial and services spaces and activating the ground floor in via Battisti through two sub-actions that would lead to the regeneration of the axis, decreasing local unemplyment and attracting new commercial facilities and needed services in the long run.

Current status of commercial activity:

108

Permanently Closed/Vacant Temporary Closed Open

ii. Action process diagram - subaction1 To vitalize the commercial axis, the administration of Cologno Monzese authorize public occupation of the land in front of stores and commercial facilities. This would allow temporal use of the area with tables, chairs and temporary elements. This can be achieved through a common public and private fund. By encouraging activities in the street, it is easier to attract both external developers and local businesses.

Municipality of Cologno Monzese Public initiatives

Occupation of public land with simplified authorization process + Public/Private Management/Funding Joint Design Fund Public and private funds

External Agency

Occupation of public ground, the part infront of the

Providing public-private co-design of the new commercial axis, including indentifying priorities and ranking of the activities most affected by the pandemic

commercial activities with tables, chairs and temporary removable elements

iii. Action feasibility-subaction1 Sub Action 1

Indicative Budget

Temporary elements for Municipal Initiatives for commercial use : €8000 temporary concession of spaces to commercial activities

Resources Channel

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of Cologno Monzese Associations (ConfCommercio) Local Commercial Activities Private Companies External Agency

Description

Municipality of Cologno Monzese Involving the local commercial activities in production of new spaces in main axis.

Regione Lombardia European Union Supplying outdoor furniture for commercial activity, tables, chairs, (Recovery fund-Next GenerationEU) temporary structure

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

109

ii. Action process diagram - subaction 2 Regenration of ground floor spaces in via Battisti and allocation of vacant facilities through public and private collaborations. The Municipality of Cologno Monzese initiaing the call for the action and acts as the director and mediator. Targeting real estate agencies, like la lombarda, which already manages some commercial spaces in San

Maurizio, and gives them the responsibility for promoting and renting some vacant spaces to potential developers.

To encourage local businesses, some funds would be needed, and the municipality would be responsible for allocating these funds to help locals open new businesses like offering loans and subsidised rent.

Municipality of Cologno Monzese Possible Funds Public and private funds

Regione Lombardia

Fondazione Cariplo

Law n. 4 “ Interventions in support of the Lombard economic fabric ”

Targeting

Real estate agencies

Local

Promote and subrent vacant stores to potential developers

Encourage local businesses through loans and offering subsidised rent opportunities

Developers Targeting new commercial businesses Loan

Subsidised rent

iii. Action feasibility-subaction 2 Sub Action 2

Indicative Budget

Allocation of vacant spaces in Loans and subsidised rent: via Battisti for new commercial €150,000 activities

Resources Channel Municipality of Cologno Monzese Regione Lombardia Fondazione Cariplo

110

Stakeholders Responsibility Municipality of Cologno Monzese Associations (ConfCommercio) Local Commercial Activities Developers Real estate agency (la lombarda)

Description Providing loans for locals to open their businesses Offer subsidised rent to encourage local businesses

iiii. Reference and rendering

Before

After

Before

After

On the previous page action program diagram andfeasibility analysis of S3-A6 Source: self drawing On this page references and renderings of S3-A6 Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

111

7.3 S4: Improve internal and external connections S4-A7:Soft mobility connection

Accessibility and Connection

S4

Villagio Falck

Improving external connections

A7 Intermunicipal soft mobility connection

Intermunicipal soft mobili 112

ity connection

Monza

On this page Strategy 4, action 7 in San Maurizio

Cologno Monzese NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

Source: Self drawing 113

7.3 S4: Improve internal and external connections S4-A7:Soft mobility connection

In the current situation, San Maurizio has few contacts with the outside world, basically only with automobile traffic. Our strategy chooses to strengthen the link between San Maurizio and the surrounding area within 15 minutes by strengthening the bike lane. Establish new bicycle lanes to connect with existing regional bicycle lanes.

It is connected to the bicycle path outside San Maurizio, perfecting the cycling route and enhancing the connectivity of the area. Two ways to increase bicycle lanes-

114

1. Due to the insufficient road area, only mark the bicycle lanes on the road ,the road length is about 1500m 2. There is a certain space to build a bicycle lane ,1670m;

ii. Action process diagram

Municipality of Cologno Monzese

Municipality of Monza

Municipality of Sesto San Giovanni

Municipality of Brugherio

Planning Agreement (Accordo di Pianificazione) Art.15 L.241/90 Useful and up-to-date tool for agreeing on supra-municipal development goals and choices

Given the presence of substantial characteristics of integration and interdependence of economic and settlement patterns

inter-municipal soft mobility connection (strengthening of existing network and development of new trails)

iii. Action feasibility Sub-action1

Bike lane

Indicative Budget

Type 1(mark): Multipal Coorporation Paint cost:2886€ Labor cost:800€ Local planning department Type 2(built new bike lanes) Urban Construction Department New bike lane area: 2505 m2 tax/Related agencies Total cost:71670€

Resources Channel Unused land Original road

Stakeholders Responsibility

Description The budget in type 2 include Including construction materials, machinery costs, and labor costs per square meter Viaduct connecting the two areas

Add new bike lanes to the road

On this page,left map of S4-A6

Existing road condition

On this page,right Action progress diagram and feasibility Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

115

7.4 Birdview for San Maurizio--a 15 minute city

116

On this page 3d view of 15 minute city_San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

117

7.5 Pilot case--Historical center

Outdoor cinema

Weekend market

Graffiti wall

118

On the previous page renders for open spaces On this page pilot case of open spaces renew in San Maurizio Source: Self drawing

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

119

08 Conclusion Given the complexity that working in the 15 minutes city framework engages, the first phase of the studio was crucial and full of insights. The evaluation of the North-Eastern Milanese area against the 15 minutes city concept (see chapter 2.3) involved 6 different themes: among these, three (Walkability and mobility systems, Production and work, Urban welfare) seemed to be more easily quantifiable than the others (Demographic profiles, Commerce cultural offer, and nightlife, local identity), particularly the first, as actual reachability is the most simple and yet fundamental feature of the 15 minutes cities framework. In this regard, it is interesting to notice how every workgroup, regardless of the nature of its focus area, found the necessity to develop a strategy for the improvement of the local soft mobility and connections system and the public spaces. This choice aligns with the shared recognition (as explained in the introduction, page 8) that a car-oriented city is generally hostile to the 15 minutes city model. For San Maurizio al Lambro, our focus area, many were the issues in this matter and we developed a set of strategies and actions to tackle them, as explained in the chapters above.

What is relevant to notice for a reflection upon what was the outcome of working within the 15 minutes city framework is that when it came to tackling the socio-demographic and economical issues groups struggled with finding appropriate solutions within such a reduced scale. The planner has a hard time identifying the adequate variety

of actors, stakeholders, and funders needed for a

120

refurbishment of the area he/she is analyzing. As a result, we are forced to exploit from the most easily accessible to the most remote resource in this sense. This implies and forces to renounce to an ideal, somehow detached from reality model of development for embracing the best that a community can realistically offer. The 15 minutes city model, given the reduced scale it applies to, forces to a “Just” (i.e. adapted, tailored) rather than generally “Good” development model, which again applies to Basta’s reflection on justice in planning (Basta 2015).

As of our specific area of study, we found ourselves in the situation of imaging and planning the entire existence of a human being within a neighborhood that sometimes lacks the most basic services. We recognized a great opportunity in the dual rural/ industrial heritage of San Maurizio al Lambro, as strategies 1 and 2 show, that may tackle unemployment, abandonment and social exclusion but some actions and expected outcomes have almost to be built from scratch. For what regards the lack of local services and commerce (S3), we had to face a context that suffers from institutional abandonment and is not likely to rely on any specific, local private investor for development.

Concluding, as deducible from the present reflection, we can assert the 15 minutes city model seems to perfectly tackle the complexity of reality as it forces the planner to think within a reduced scale where it is necessary to rely on limited local resources and community engagement for positive development.

Although San Maurizio al Lambro may not have to potential to ever become a real 15 minutes city as some of the “Already there” districts identified in central Milan, analyzing the town against the 15 minutes concept helped us to understand what kind of development the fraction can realistically aim to.

We also have understood that within such different contexts nobody can rely on one single, high-handed development ideal and that this fact constitutes an opportunity for the cities of tomorrow to grow more diverse and inclusive, progressively adapting to their future inhabitants.

09 Bibliography 1.

Carlos Moreno (2020). Vivir en la Proximidad, la ciudad de los quince minutos. Metropolis, 01 2021, Barcelona.

2.

Sabrina Greco (a cura di). Costruzione e trasformazione del paesaggio: la città industriale di Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, CLUP, 2002.

3.

F. Oliva, P. Galluzzi., P. Vitillo. Milano: Quel che resta dei piani urbanistici, website of the Italian Order of Architects, https://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/itinerario/30-milano-quel-che-restadeipiani-urbanistici/saggio (last visited March 2021).

4.

Giuseppe Valota. Streikertransport - La deportazione politica nell’area industriale di Sesto San Giovanni 1943-1945, Milano, Guerini e Associati, 2008: p. 454.

5.

PGT Sesto San Giovanni. Allegato B-Beni Storico Documentali, 2019.

6.

Città metropolitana di Milano. Milano Metropolitana al futuro-Piano strategico triennale del territorio di Milano Aggiornamento 2019-2021, 2019.

7.

ARUP. Shaping Ageing Neighbourhoods MILAN | GALLARATESE, 2015 8.

Federica Ancona e Stefano Montrasio, Éupolis Lombardia. Mobilità pendolare in Lombardia: dati e strategie per l’analisi secondaria, 2016 9.

Shanghai Urban Planning and Land Resources Adminstration Bureau. Planning Guidance of 15-minute Community-Life Circle, 2016 10.

Settore, Statistica. I DATI DEL CENSIMENTO 2011_A MILANOAnalisi del pendolarismo per studio e per lavoro a Milano, 2011 11.

Giugno. Schede piano dei servizi piano di governo del territorio. Schede dei nuclei di identita ’ locale, 2018 12.

Shanghai Government. Shanghai Street Design Guidelines-Public Announcement Draft, 2016 13.

Fondazione Cariplo. Piano di azione‘Promuovere la sostenibilità ambientale a livello locale’ Realizzare la connessione ecologica, 2012 14.

Comune di Cologno Monzese. PS variante generale al PGT, 2020 15. https://urbact.eu/stakeholders-ecosystem-map 16. https://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/18-milano/statistiche/censimenti-popolazione/ (for ISTAT data graphs. last visited March 2021).

17. http://www.pmvl.it/( parco media valle del Lambro) 18. https://www.campoteatrale.it/i-nostriprogetti/incontri-in-gioco/foto-video/ 19. https://www.inter.it/it/news/2020/09/28/intercampus-e-gioco-al-centro.html 20. https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=12/45.4843/9.1927 21. http://www.citypopulation.de 22. http://moovitapp.com 23. https://www.istat.it/(2020) 24. https://dati.lombardia.it/ 25.

Claudia Basta (2015). From justice in planning toward planning for justice: A capability approach.

Planning Theory,2016, Vol. 15(2) 190– 212. Wageningen, Netherlands.

NEIGHB ORHOOD P L A NS FOR T HE 15 -MIN CI T Y

121

12 2