Precotto: The different scales of a minutes city

Neighborhood plans for the 15-MIN CITY

The different scales of a 15 minutes city

PRECOT T

15 ’

Group 7

Fabio Giussani Jiale Li Mahya Khodaei Sharabyani Irene Marchesi Tao Sun Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador NE IGHB ORHOOD

P LA NS F OR TH E 15 -MIN C IT Y

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Abstract The concept of 15 minutes city refers to a neighborhood guaranteeing access to daily essential services within a 15 minutes walkable distance. Following the early model of cities like Paris, urban centres are recognizing the importance of this vision and investing on it, especially after the experience of the Covid-19 pandemic, in which citizens were confronted with new relationships with their local living environments.

This vision of a 15 minutes city will be explored in the context of the neighborhood of Precotto, in the northern periphery of Milan. Precotto, characterized by the presence of voids and ongoing development of new projects, is analyzed in the light of multiple spatial and temporal scales. In particular, while the neighborhood offers an adequate provision of services, public spaces are not considered as pleasant nor comfortable, therefore lacking attractivity. Furthermore, the neighborhood still presents a high level of reliance on private motorized means of transport. Finally, the present and future trends of the neighborhood pose questions on the topics of affordability and inclusivity.

The strategies and guidelines proposed aim at tackling these issues through the improvement, activation and reappropriation of different spaces of the neighborhood, with a long-term vision of Precotto as a pleasant and inclusive 15 minutes city.

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Index

ABSTRACT

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TH E N EIG H BO R H

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D-

Strenghts and weaknesses

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Profiles

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ge

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TE

RP

ING RET

The different scales of a 15 minutes city

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The neighborhood in 15 minutes A 15 minutes network The neighborhood in 15 years

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IN G T H E N EI G H B O R

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OD -p Introduction Urban tissue Population Services Provision Economic activities Mobility and public transport Future trends Real Estate Actors

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ND S TA

ag

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Scenarios

A F IN

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TI C RI

C A L L E A R NIN G S pag e1 3 1

Critical learnings

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E TH

GH NEI

B O R H O O D P L A N-

pag

Strategic framework

e7

1

and concept Strategies

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First phase: Actions Second phase: Guidelines

CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. UNDERSTANDING THE NEIGHBORHOOD

This section presents the analysis of the neighborhood of Precotto, executed through desk research and fieldwork, in order to put the area in relation with the concept of 15 minutes city and assess its performances and potentials.

The goal is to analyze the level of welfare of the neighborhood, understand its efficiency and above all the way in which it is experienced. To properly contextualize the dynamics and trends of Precotto, the work is divided into chapters, starting from an analysis of the history of the neighborhood and of its morphology and urban tissue. Demography and population characteristics are then considered, as well as the amount and quality of services present in the neighborhood, with a particular focus on sport and cultural facilities, education, healthcare and social services. The topics of work and commerce are also analyzed in light of a sustainable vision of the area, both considering attractors over the large scale and local businesses.

Additionally, an analysis of public transport has been carried out to contextualize Precotto in an urban and regional mobility network. Finally, chapters concerning voids and projects ongoing in the area, such as Innesto, real estate situation and trends and the presence and involvement of actors over different scales are provided.

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Introduction The neighborhood of Precotto is located in the northern periphery of the City of Milan. It is part of the NIL 16 (Nucleo di Identità Locale – Nucleus of Local Identity), with the adjacent area of Gorla, and it is part of Municipio 2, one of the nine local administration units of the city.

Precotto is located along Viale Monza, a major getaway axis connecting the city centres of Monza and Milan. It is surrounded by the neighborhoods of Villa San Giovanni, in the north, Adriano, in the East, Gorla in the south and Bicocca, in the west. Precotto presents an overall high degree of accessibility; it is crossed by the M1 subway, linking it to the city center, while the Greco Pirelli railway station, on the west side, allows residents to quickly transit to surrounding cities, such as Lecco or Como. The neighborhood is also crossed by several tram and bus lines. This unique and strategic location contributed to the demographic and economic growth of the neighborhood, and this trend is expected to be maintained and reinforced in the future.

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Urban Tissue

Distilleria Franzini, distillery San Michele Arcangelo, church

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1

9 14

2

16th – 19th centuries

RURAL VILLAGE

First half of 20th century

INDUSTRIALISATION AND WORLD WARS

Precotto was originally an agricultural village, made up by farm houses scattered throughout the territory. The settlement developed along Viale Monza, an axis connecting Monza and Milan; a similar pattern can be found also in the near neighborhoods of Gorla and Turro. The small village gradually grew; in 1771 there were 260 inhabitants, in 1853 they were 834.

Between the 19th and the 20th century the area was subjected to an industrialization process. The population increased and the number of farmers shrank. The settlement grew and expand- ed, incorporating also the village of Villa San Giovanni. In 1923 Precotto was included into the municipality of Milan: Precotto was officially no longer a rural village, but part of the periphery of the city.

The center of the village was Piazza Precotto.

Most of the buildings were demolished over the years but some traces of the ancient village survived.

In the meantime, the First World War broke out and many inhabitants were called to fight in the Italian Army, many of them to never come back.

A World War Memorial erected by the citizens of Precotto celebrates them.

In 1840 the railway was built. That railway line connected Milan to Monza and it was the second railway built in Italy. The railway station of Greco has a key role in the industrialization of the area.

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From left to right: Map Of Precotto / Archivio di stato Local farmers/ Storia della Cooperativa San Filippo Neri Train / Bunker website San Michele Arcangelo / Pictures taken by the authors Distilleria Franzini / Google maps Ricevitoria Nord / Gabriele Basilisco I WW Memorial / Pictures taken by the authors Underground / Sottomilano website Residential buildings / Google Maps

Ricevitoria Nord, power plant

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Second half of 20th century

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21st century

URBANISATION

RECENT TIMES

After the war, the area continued to grow, with a second industrialization process and urbanization.

The economic boom caused a proliferation of small manufactories which supported the production of the large factory plants in Sesto San Giovanni and Viale Sarca. Later on, many garages and repair shops also settled. The population rocketed in the 50s; migrants from Veneto and South of Italy employed in the industrial plants of the area started to come to Precotto and a new demand for housing and services emerged.

Nowadays Precotto is an integrated and important part of the city that it is developing, expanding, trans- forming and modernizing. It has a strategic posi- tion, being located at the crossroads of the important axes of Viale Monza, beside the neighborhoods Bicocca on the west side and Adriano on the east side, both neighborhoods also rapidly growing.

New residential developments took place in the area in the last decades.

This process was also driven by the construction of the first underground line, connecting the eastern part of the city, Sesto Marelli, to the western one, Lotto. The M1 line opened in 1964.

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MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT:

Over the years the urban tissue of Precotto expanded itself, from being a rural village to a metropolis’ neighborhood. Some traces of the past of Precotto survived over the years making the local urban morphology very diverse.

URBANISATION

RURAL VILLAGE

After the II World War, the neighborhood entered in a period of radical transformations: the old factories damaged during the war were dismantled to leave space to residential buildings and offices.

Most of the buildings that can be found nowadays were built between the 1950s and 2000.

The center of the village was Piazza Precotto, the crossroad between the two main axes: Viale Monza, Via Rucellai and Via Cislaghi. Most of the buildings were demolished over the years but some traces of the ancient village survived. Two examples of typical courtyards of that time are Cascina del Mandel and Cascina Viscontea Merlini.

According to the regulative framework of the city until the 60s the land use in the area was mainly industrial and there were restrictions to the morphology of buildings, especially on their height. This stands out clearly from the area on the east side of Viale Monza, where mostly detached houses and single family houses are located.

Then, during the 60s and the 70s after some changes in the legislative framework many new INDUSTRIALISATION AND WORLD WARS residential buildings were built, of the typology Between the 19th and the 20th century the area of solitaires and slabs, in order to answer to the was subjected to the industrialization process. increasing housing demand: example of ribbons Some big industrial plants were located in the can be found on the west side of Viale Monza, such surroundings (Falck in Sesto San Giovanni, Pirelli as the condominium Villa Brillantea. in Bicocca and Breda in viale Sarca) but several industries, of smaller dimensions, flourished in Precotto as well. Most of them were demolished RECENT TIMES or damaged during the II World War, but two of Nowadays Precotto is an integrated and important them survived: a wagons and carriages factory and part of the city and it is transforming and a distillery. modernizing. The housing stock has been developing Industrial workers moved to Precotto and as a in the last decades with the refurbishment of old consequence the housing stock was not enough buildings and the construction of new ones. Thus, to satisfy the need. The activism and political the urban density has been gradually increasing, engagement in the area were very strong and some with a diverse morphology. cooperatives managed to provide basic services and In the last decades, not only houses were built but housing construction as well. Some farmhouses also offices and commercial activities, enriching were refurbished in order to be more suitable for the morphology diversity of the neighborhood. the increase of residents and many new buildings were made. An example of urban block built at that time is located in Via Rucellai.

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1. “El Borghett” - Rural village center 2. Railway Station Greco - (1840) 3. La Fornasetta - Brick and tiles manufactures (19th century) 4. Cascina del Mandel - Farmhouse (19th century) 5. San Michele Arcangelo - Church (16th century) 6. Cascina Viscontea Merlini - Farmhouse (19th century) 7. Oratorio Santa Maria Maddalena - Church (16th century)

15. M1 - First underground line (1964) 16. Villa Brillantea - Example of ribbon (60s) 17. Residential developments - detached houses (50s) 18. Residential developments - Different morphological elements (slabs, courtyards, urban blocks) 19. Offices developments - Megastructure (21th century) 20. Commercial developments - Sheds (21th century)

PHASES:

vanni

8. Monumento ai Caduti - World War I Memorial (1840) 9. Distilleria Franzini - Distillery (1915) 10. Cooperativa Edificatrice Primo Maggio Rucelllai 12 - Example of urban block (20th century) 11. Fratelli Lavezzari - Wagons and carriages factory (1907) 12. Rifugio Finzi Ottolenghi - Hospital and rehabilitation structure (20th century) 13. Scuola Antonio Rosmini - School bombed during the II WW, a special monument for inhabitants (1924) 14. Ricevitrice Nord - Power plant (1932)

M1 Villa

San Gio

RURAL VILLAGE INDUSTRIALISATION AND WORLD WARS URBANISATION RECENT TIMES

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2 4 20 9

8 M1 Prec

18

10 1918

16

7

otto

3

18

15 1

5

6

17 14

13 18

11

M1 Go

rla

12

15 0

0.25

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

0.5 KM

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Population The area Precotto-Gorla is quite dense, its density level is higher than the city average, but it is lower compared to other neighborhoods in Municipio 2.

Within the neighborhood there is a negative rate of natural increase, however, there is an increase in the number of neighborhood inhabitants, with a growth rate higher than the city average (9%).

In the past 10 years the area attracted new inhabitants, especially students and families. Thea rea is still going to increase in the next 10 years and to attract new inhabitants. As a consequence, it is forecasted that density of inhabitants is going to increase too: from 9933 people per km2 to 10488 inhabitants per km2 Nowadays, a fifth of the population within the area is over 65. The number of elderly people increased in the past year and it will continue to grow: the ageing of the population stands out clearly from the number of people over 90 years old. The current average age is 45, and it will increase to 46 over the next ten years.

In the past years some families moved to the neighborhood, improving the number of kids, while in the next 10 years the area will attract especially students and young workers. Moreover, it is possible to notice that the number of elderly

will grow, while the number of kids will severely decrease. As a consequence, the old age dependency - the ratio between retired people (people over 65 years old) and kids (kids under 14 years old) – will get worse. However, the migration of young people (18-34) into the neighborhood will maintain the age dependency ratio (ratio between active people 14- 65, and elderly and kids) stable as it is.

Nowadays, 8667 inhabitants live alone (around 30% of the total population). Indeed, 54% of households are constituted by only one member and 22% by couples. In the next ten years, the percentage of single component households will decrease to 8074 and the number of two component households will slightly grow.

More than one fifth of the neighborhood population is composed of foreigners, a percentage higher than the city average (20%), but lower than the average of Municipio 2 (29%). Most of foreign inhabitants are between 14 and 64 years old.

At the scale of “Municipio 2”, future trends show that foreign population will increase by 22.4%, with 10.800 new inhabitants. The range of senior foreigners (>65), currently a minor share of the foreign population, will grow by 240%.

DENSITY

NIL 16

12’961

Gorla - Precotto

13’948

9’933

10’488

7’725 7’921

29’798

residents in 2019

31’465

residents in 2030

MILAN

MUNICIPIO 2

*Data are taken from Sistema Statistico Integrato Comune di Milano / Data refer to NIL 16 Gorla, Precotto

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NIL 16

INHABITANTS’ AGE

HOUSEHOLDS DIMENSIONS* 1 component

2010 0-17 18-34 3934

5011

35-49 7039

50-69 6530

in 2019 54% - in 2030 48% 2 components

70-89 >90 3986

in 2019 22% - in 2030 26%

210

3 components

2019 0-17

4584

18-34 5556

35-49 7338

50-69 7156

in 2019 12% - in 2030 14%

4775

4156

18-34 6180

35-49 6743

in 2019 12% - in 2030 12%

389

2030 0-17

4 or more components

70-89 >90

*Data are taken from Sistema Statistico Integrato Comune di Milano / Data refer to NIL 16 Gorla, Precotto / the data refer to households with residency in the area, the inhabitants with a domicile are not included in these data

50-69 8917

70-89 >90 4906 563

*Data are taken from Sistema Statistico Integrato Comune di Milano / Data refer to NIL 16 Gorla, Precotto

OLD AGE DEPENDENCY

Nowadays every 100

AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO

there are 170 2019

in 2030 every 100

there are 223

53,2

2030

52,9

*Data are taken from Sistema Statistico Integrato Comune di Milano / Data refer to NIL 16 Gorla, Precotto

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Services provision Since the services category is so broad and articulated, the first question to be posed is which kind of services need to be analyzed. Having also in mind the municipal Plan of Services, selected five main families of services were selected: Sports, Culture, Education Healthcare and Social Services.

The services included in these five groups are reasonably the ones that mostly shape the tissue of welfare within the different neighbourhoods and the ones that should be considered in a 15 minutes city. It goes without saying that services extend well beyond the ones selected, the ones most frequently needed and present within the daily life and routines of the local inhabitants were chosen.

SPORT AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES In Precotto there are various accessible sports fields located in public parks and green areas.

Public parks and green areas are scattered across the neighbourhood, however they are of modest size and no green space of relevant dimension acts as a landmark in the neighbourhood. For the purpose of training in a park most people reach the green spaces and trails along the Martesana river.

The Parish of San Michele Arcangelo in Precotto is the central parish of the neighborhood; it features different accessible sports facilities, and it is the home to different active sports teams for children and adolescents.

The presence of different gyms in the neighbourhood provides the possibility for a wide array of activities such as dance, martial arts and climbing. Concerning the use of public swimming pools, however, inhabitants of Precotto have to rely on other neighbourhoods, as the only swimming pool in the area is private and accessible only by members.

Some green areas are equipped with playgrounds, however the quality and level of maintenance of the equipment varies across the neighbourhood; the ones located in the east, adjacent to the school complex of via Frigia are overall well maintained, while the ones located in the west, among the condominium complexes, present the need for a refurbishment.

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SESTO MARELLI

SPORT AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES: SPORT CENTERS & GYMS PARISHES & SCHOOLS FACILITIES SWIMMING POOLS P PLAYGROUNDS PLAYFIELDS

P

viale Mo

nza

P

via Uguzzone

via Anassa

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

BICOCCA

Bre

da

via Frigia

gora

P

P

via

P P

ADRIANO

P

via Carnovali

via Rucellai

nte Nu

via Po

P

ovo

via Guanella

P

P

P

piazza Martesana

P

P

P The playground is

accessible also by disable people

via Sant’Erlembaldo

CRESCENZAGO

GORLA Martesana river

TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY: M1 LINE TRAM 7 BUS LINES

0

0.25

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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CULTURAL FACILITIES

buildings, with no retail activities.

Precotto presents an overall lack of cultural facilities. Cinemas and theatres are only present in the surrounding neighbourhoods, as well as public libraries. Some private and bottom up initiatives arose in the area, such as in the case of libraries, but they gained no interest at a municipal level.

Overall, both young and old inhabitants complain about the absence of social places, where to gather and meet people.

In Via Rucellai two educational complexes are present: a public kindergarten and a parish with a private kindergarten and a nursery.

The Church of San Michele Arcangelo is the central church and parish of the neighbourhood, nowadays still representing a point of reference for families, elderly and young people. The area also hosts a number of religious facilities from other beliefs.

The street is quite trafficked and there is little space for parking. The sidewalk has been recently enlarged and the crossroad has been improved.

Nevertheless, it does not a children friendly environment.

EDUCATION In Precotto schools are concentrated in three main areas: Via Rucellai, Via Carnovali and the block perimeter by Via Frigia, Via Soffredini and Via Mattei. There is only a private nursery isolated from those school complexes, which is inserted in a residential ribbon.

In the neighborhood of Precotto there are four nurseries - two schools out of the four are private-, four kindergartens -two schools out of the four are private-, two public elementary schools and one public middle school. High schools are not present in the area, nevertheless the neighborhood is well connected with the surrounding areas, where a few relevant institutes are located.

The schools in Carnovali are immersed in the green: there are some private gardens of exclusive use for students, a public park and two playgrounds.

In the park two important monuments are also located: the World War I Memorial and the Oratorio of Santa Maria Maddalena. The space in front of the school’s entrance is very safe because it is a pedestrian area. Overall, the area is not trafficked with also a large space for car parking.

In the surroundings there are mainly residential

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The schools have private courtyards with green spots, but outside the educational structures green is absent. Children and families can reach within five minutes walking two small green areas with some playgrounds. In the street few local shops and cafes are located.

In the block enclosed by via Frigia, via Mattei and via Soffredini, four different schools are located, from nursery to middle school.

The educational complex has some common green gardens used by students. Outside the schools, on the streets, there are no trees. The area is not trafficked and the sidewalks have medium dimensions. A little park with a playground can be reached within 5 minutes. In the surroundings there are no retail activities, and the buildings are mainly residential, with also some former warehouses, industrial plants, companies’ offices.

In front of the middle school there is a theatre, Teatro Frigia.

SESTO MARELLI

EDUCATION:

KET TIC

via Uguzzone

viale Mo

nza

NURSERIES KINDERGARTENS ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS MIDDLE SCHOOLS HIGH SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS CULTURE AND LEISURE: CHURCHES & RELIGIOUS FACILITIES THEATRES & CINEMAS LIBRARIES & BOOKSHOPS KET

TIC

via Anassa

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

BICOCCA

via Frigia

gora

via

Bre

da

KET TIC

ADRIANO

KET TIC

via Carnovali

via Rucellai

ovo

nte Nu

via Po

via Guanella

piazza Martesana ET

K TIC

KET TIC

via Sant’Erlembaldo

CRESCENZAGO

GORLA KET TIC

Martesana river

TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY: M1 LINE TRAM 7 BUS LINES

0

0.25

0.5 KM

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HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Regarding healthcare services: there are no emergency rooms in the area, but there are some healthcare centers, with medical laboratories. Some of them are private but affiliated with the national healthcare system, so they result easily accessible.

An important center for the research and treatment of autism, Institute Mafalda Luce, is located in Via Rucellai. In the educational complex in Via Carnovali, there is a public medical consultory for children. Moreover, some important healthcare facilities are located close to Gobba Station: a center for psyco-social difficulties, a clinic and a consultory. Three pharmacies are located on the main axes of the area, Viale monza; all of them are easily accessible with public transport. The pharmacy in the center of Precotto is open 24/7.

SOCIAL SERVICES There are several third sector associations active in the area. Some of them offer home services, such as health care activities for elderly and disabled people. Other associations manage residential social services, such as a community for refugees and an elderly nursing home in via Pindaro.

The latter is quite relevant in the neighborhood because it also offers daily services for people with Alzheimer’s disease. Social services in the neighborhood are not numerous, nevertheless there is an important social services hub located in Villa Finzi Park, in Gorla. It has some recreational services for elderly and people with disabilities, including an accessible playground. There is also a counseling center with social workers.

In the core of Precotto, there is also Veronica Sacchi foundation, with a room equipped with an internet point. During the Covid-19 pandemic it offered assistance for lonely and elderly people. In the area also Pane Quotidiano is located; the association distributes essential supplies to families in need.

There are two public housing buildings: one in the north of Precotto with 23 apartments and one in Gorla with 183 apartments. The second one is

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going to be refurbished soon. Precotto seems quite well provided with post offices: three of them are scattered in the territory. two of them are easily accessible with public transport.

1. - 3. Post Offices 4. - 8. Pharmacies. N. 7 is open 24// 9. Clinic - CDI 10. Pediatric counseling center 11. Centre for Autism - Fondazione Luce 12. Clinic 13. Public clinic and Counseling center 14. Psycho-social counseling center 15. Casa delle Associazioni e del volontariato - Drop In 16. Centro milano donna 17. Centri Socio-Ricreativi per il tempo libero (CSRC ) Villa San Giovanni 18. Pane Quotidiano 19. Centro Diurno Integrato + Centro Alzheimer 20. Centro Socio Educativo Willy Willy 21. Centro Educativo Diurno Willy 22. Punto RICREATTIVO 23. Centro Diurno per Giovani 24. Centri Diurni Disabili Pini e Negri, Territorial professional social services, Centri Socio-ricreativi per il tempo libero, Centro Aggregativo Giovani, Casa Solidale 25. Appartamento confiscato alle mafie, gestito da Casa della Carità 26. Appartamento di social housing 27. Residenza Sanitaria Assistenziale 28. Appartamento gestito da Amico Onlus 29. Centro di Accoglienza straordinaria 30. Comunità per minori 31. - 32. Public Housing

SESTO MARELLI

HEALTHCARE: PHARMACIES HEALTH CARE FACILITIES SOCIAL SERVICES:

15

28

nza

16 via Uguzzone

viale Mo

17

POST OFFICES DAILY SOCIAL SERVICES RESIDENTIAL SOCIAL SERVICES PUBLIC HOUSING PT

18

8

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

via Anassa

BICOCCA

via Frigia

9

19

gora

3

PT

27

32

via

Bre

da

29

ADRIANO

20

30

7

11

1

10 via Carnovali

via Rucellai

11

via Po

PT

21

nte Nu

2

ovo

via Guanella

PT

piazza Martesana

4

12

5

23 26

13 31

14

24 via Sant’Erlembaldo

25

6

CRESCENZAGO

GORLA Martesana river

TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY: M1 LINE TRAM 7 BUS LINES

0

0.25

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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Economic activities WORK AND EMPLOYMENT Precotto is characterized by a strong diversity within its work dynamics.

While some inhabitants of Precotto commute to other areas of or outside Milan, a part of inhabitants work from home thanks to digitalization. This segment of workers will increase over the next years, therefore the need for coworking spaces or libraries and, in general, facilities supporting this work modality.

THE NEIGHBORHOOD AS AN ATTRACTOR Different commercial clusters located in and around Precotto regularly attract in the neighbourhood workers and customers from outside. The area is characterized by the presence of several headquarters, branches and plants of locally, nationally and internationally renowned companies. Among these there are; Siemens, Alstom, Coca Cola Italia and Università Bicocca and related businesses. Hospital “Gaetano Pini” also represents a point of attraction for workers and patients at a regional level, as well as “Centro Mafalda Luce”, an association for the care of autism.

Commuters coming into the neighborhood represent a large share of users of the neighborhood facilites, however their necessities and priorities differ from the ones of the residents. In terms of facilities, they give importance to parking and public transport, as well as to services in the immediate facilities of their workplaces. Therefore, one further challenge is to conjugate their needs with the ones of other population categories.

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via Uguzzone

viale Mo

nza

SESTO MARELLI

via Anassa

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

BICOCCA

via

Bre

da

via Frigia

gora

ADRIANO

via Carnovali

ovo

via Guanella

nte Nu

via Po

via Rucellai

piazza Martesana

via Sant’Erlembaldo

CRESCENZAGO

GORLA Martesana river

0

0.25

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES In Precotto there are several commercial activities.

The shops have been grouped in six categories, according to specific criteria. Regarding grocery shopping, there are a few supermarkets scattered in the neighborhood. Once a week, in Piazzale Martesana there is an open air market, selling food and accessories. It is highly frequented by inhabitants and it is really appreciated.

Restaurants, cafes and bars are concentrated around underground stations. None of them are open in the night.

In the area there are a few bicycle retailers and several car repair garages and mechanics. Stationery and copy shops are quite diffused. There are a few florists and a couple of newsagents. There are

several computer and electronic shops scattered in the neighborhood. The category “other shops” includes also some laundry activities, tobacco sellers and a few pet supplies. Overall, commercial activities in the area are quite numerous and diverse but they are concentrated in some areas: underground and train stations, bus stops and main axes. It is clear that the easy access to public transport and the car accessibility of Viale Monza attract most of the commercial activities, leaving some areas isolated and with no ground floor uses. Some commercial activities are located at the ground floor, especially in the core of Precotto, while some more recent commercial activities are located along viale Monza in “big boxes”.

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES: BANKS GROCERY RESTAURANTS, CAFES & BARS VEHICLES BEAUTY OTHER SHOPS

0

24

0.25

0.5 KM

Big boxes, Viale Monza / Picture taken by the authors

Ground floor activities, Viale Monza / Picture taken by the authors

M

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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Mobility and Public Transport In terms of public transport accessibility, the center of Precotto is crossed by the M1 subway line, running north to south, and by tram line 7, running west to east. Different bus lines are operating in the neighborhood, however the service stops in the evening, forcing inhabitants to use other means of transport at nighttime.

On the west side, the railway station of Greco Pirelli allows residents to quickly transit to surrounding cities, such as Lecco or Como. The station also represents the main point of access to the neighborhood and to surrounding areas for commuters. The railway currently constitutes a barrier for accessibility to the neighbourhood of Bicocca; there are two bridges crossing it, however they cannot be considered safe for pedestrians and bicycles as they are heavily trafficked. There is a pedestrian underpass at the end of via Rucellai but it is also not considered safe by inhabitants, as it lacks lighting.

Viale Monza and Via Rucellai represent the most congested axis, causing complaints among the inhabitants by creating noise and pollution.

The cycling network in the neighborhood is not extensive. The implementation over the last years of a pilot project of a cycling path along viale Monza produced mixed reactions among users and residents, creating a debate on the topics of its safety and on the removed parking spaces.

Furthermore, no shared bicycle stations are located in the neighborhood.

M1 underground station / Picture taken by the authors

26

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

27

sti io Te Fulv viale

BICOCCA

Milano Greco Pirelli

1

Bus 5

Tram

Bus

7

86

GORLA GRECO

Bus

81

Martesana river

TURRO

28

0

0.25

30

mi n

ut e

PUBLIC TRANSPORT UNDERGROUND M1 M1 stations UNDERGROUND M2 M2 stations UNDERGROUND M5 M5 stations BUS LINES Bus stops TRAM Tram stops RAILWAY LINE Railway station CIRCLE LINE (future project)

s

viale Mo

nza

SESTO MARELLI

5

15 m

i nu

t es

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

ADRIANO

a

via

le Pa lm

an ov

a

v do

Pa via

CRESCENZAGO

CIMIANO

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

29

Future trends The area is undergoing major transformations, with the replacement of vacant land, the refurbishment of warehouses and with new residential developments.

PIANO DI GOVERNO DEL TERRITORIO - MILANO 2030 The PGT provides four different strategies regarding the neighborhood: *Ambiti di rinnovamento urbano - In the area the design of public spaces is recognized as incomplete.

The goal is to promote urban development, regenerating the existing public spaces and encouraging the creation of new collective spaces.

It advocates for the refurbishment of buildings. *Spazi a vocazione pedonali - spaces with a pedestrian vocation, intended as public spaces where pedestrian and cycling mobility is privileged as the backbone of collective urban life. *Nuclei storici – spaces with a certain quality of morphological tissue. The goals are the redevelopment of the building fabric, the protection of commercial fronts and pedestrianization of the roads. *Rigenerazione ambientale - the aim is to regenerate buildings and open spaces from the environmental point of view. Particularly, the goal in the area is to create a green connection between Parco Nord and Valle del Lambro.

Furthermore, the municipal plan provides the basis for a strategic plan for the regeneration of railway areas. One of those railway areas is the Scalo Greco - Breda, one of the busiest railway stations in the city.

30

RESIDENTIAL REFURBISHMENTS Several ongoing projects are scattered throughout the territory. Most of them are redevelopment of former industrial plants or warehouses. They are all residential projects, of which some will be student residences, while two of them will be social housing.

VOIDS The area also presents several voids: run-down buildings, abandoned former industrial plants and warehouses, vacant brownfields. It is reasonable to assume that many of them will be areas of ongoing projects over the next 10 years.

1. Programma Integrato Di Intervento Frigia Rucellai currently construction sites for Students residence, a little public park and a car parking 2. Accordo Di Programma Scali Ferroviari Zona Speciale Greco - Breda - still vacant, INNESTO project 3. Monza 273 - currently construction sites for a residential building 4. Solone 8 - currently construction sites for a residential building 5. Erodoto 4 - currently construction sites for a residential building 6. Protocollo d’Intesa Demostene 10 - currently construction sites for a Student Residence 7. Columella 24 - currently construction sites for a residential building 8. Columella 38 - currently construction sites for a residential building 9. Edilizia Residenziale Sociale Convenzionata Via Pitagora - vacant land, social housing 10. Edilizia Residenziale Sociale Convezionata Via De Notaris - vacant land, social housing 11. Via Breda Ernesto 41 - Residential use 12. Via Andolfato Ezio 12 - Industrial use 13. Via Fortezza 27 - Commercial use 14. Via Livraghi Giovanni 19 - Commercial use 15. Via Cislaghi Luigi 17 - Productive use 16. Pompeo Mariani - Brownfield 17. Via Erodoto 16- Productive use 18. Via Iglesias 41 - Industrial use 19. Via Iglesias 23- Productive use 20. Via Asiago 35 - Productive use 21. Alghero 12 - Industrial use 22. Via Teocrito 10 - Industrial use 23. Via Del Ricordo - Brownfield 24. Rucellai 14 - Brownfield 25. Cirenei Luigi 4 - Residential use 26. Accordo Di Programma Marelli - Adriano 27. Piano Integrato Di Intervento - Cascina San Giuseppe

28. Giardino Segreto Villa San Giovanni

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

31

13 via Uguzzone

VILLA

BICOCCA

1

14

via Frigia

2

via

Bre

da

12

24 2

2 2

4

3 via Rucellai

1

11

via Guanella

17

5

piazza Martesana

22

6

via Sant’Erlembaldo

GORLA Martesana river

32

0

0.25

SESTO MARELLI

TRANSFORMATIONS: ONGOING PROJECTS ARU - AMBITI DI RINNOVAMENTO URBANO* SPAZI A VOCAZIONE PEDONALE* NUCLEI STORICI* RIGENERAZIONE AMBIENTALE* ABANDONED BUILDINGS AND VACANT PLOTS *PGT MILANO 2030

viale Mo

nza

28

9 via Anassa

SAN GIOVANNI

gora

8

27

7 26 ADRIANO

15

via Carnovali

23

10

25

6

5

ovo

nte Nu

via Po

16

21

20

18 19 CRESCENZAGO

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

33

SCALO GRECO - PIRELLI: L’INNESTO The railway station of Greco Pirelli was built in 1914 to serve the local industrial plants, and it is still nowadays active and functioning as a passenger terminal. Nevertheless, with the dismantling of industrial sites of the area, the portion of the freight terminal remained vacant. The railway company, Sistemi Urbani, decided to sell the area, in agreement with the municipality, in order to find a new function and use of the territory.

LEGEND

Weak areas and spaces of opportunity at the periphery of the project, requiring a detailed plan integrated in the project, focusing on soft mobility and continuity of collective spaces and contributing to the requalification of problematic situations.

The winning project, selected by Reinventing City, has been proposed by the studio Barreca & La Varra and it is called L’innesto. The project foresees a Zero Carbon social housing, with affordable apartments for students and temporary workers, services for the population, green areas, vegetable gardens and commercial activities.

Interventions of redefinition of existing axis, focusing on congestion of Breda bridge and on the requalification of via Breda, considering the realization of a parallel axis to ease the traffic in The project is the prelude to great changes and the historic nucleus of Fornasetta. Realization of a improvement in the area of the railyard, having a a pedestrian bridge with the purpose of providing strong impact on the local inhabitants. The project one attractive and safe connection between is based on the idea of grafting the two sides of the Precotto and Bicocca. railway: Bicocca and Precotto. To do so, it pushes towards sustainable mobility, walkability and it enhances the connection between the two areas.

The vision of Innesto keeps a high concentration of cultural and social functions on the west side, in Bicocca, while keeping the supporting infrastructure, such as affordable housing targeting students and temporary tenants, on the east side, in Precotto.

The project includes a large share of green elements; part of it could be the refurbishment of the existing vegetable gardens. Furthermore, a green connection across the railyard would create a green corridor between Parco Nord and Parco Martesana and Parco Lambro. It could also represent a connection between more local green areas and landmarks, such as Collina dei Ciliegi in Bicocca and Parco Villa Finzi in Precotto In terms of mobility, Innesto will be focused on the development of a soft mobility network including via Breda and its openings for crossing the railway; a pedestrian bridge will be built, with the purpose of providing one attractive and safe connection between the two neighborhoods.

34

Privileged connection lines between open spaces within the Scalo with those in the urban sector, to reinforce a the realization of systems of collective spaces.

via

Bre da

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

viale Mo

nza

BICOCCA

Teatro degli Arcimboldi Università degli studi di Milano Bicocca

Greco - Pirelli station PRECOTTO

via Rucellai

GORLA

0

0.25

0.5 KM

via Sant’Erlembaldo NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

35

Real Estate The neighborhood of Precotto is home to a changing and developing real estate market. Housing values in the area are currently between euros 2550 and 4000 per m2, lower if compared to the average of the city of Milan, averaging between euros 4750€ and 5700€ /m2.

The value of properties in Precotto grew of around 31% in 5 years, since 2016, and a 3% growth rate throughout 2020. This growth rate is slightly higher if compared to the one of the city. This growth rate is also due to a revitalization of the area, led by ongoing projects such as Innesto.

Precotto can be seen as a middle ground between areas like NOLO and Loreto, which featured a 41% growth, and Adriano, with just 26%.

Rents in Precotto have also been growing since 2013, but they have dropped in 2020 due to the pandemic. The average size of houses in NIL 16 is 76,4 m2, lower than the city average, which is 84,1 m2 and the 79,7 m2 of Municipio 2 Many future developments taking place in Precotto consider social housing as a priority. The residences built within the Innesto project will mainly be part of this category: 240 units will be rented at prices between 5,8 and 7,5 €/m2, while 160 units are to be sold at 2200 €/m2. Furthermore, 300 extra units will be developed as student housing.

These plans are in line with a municipal strategy of investments towards the age category of 20 to 40.

A student housing complex managed by the parish of San Michele Arcangelo adds itself to the student rent options in the area.

Other forms of housing are currently under development in the area, such as some featuring cooperative housing. In particular, CCL Columella will feature 60 units to be sold 2460€ / m2 , while in CCL via Erodoto 4, 70 units will be available at a rate of 2550€m2.

The area of Precotto features several apartments for short term rents and Airbnbs. These are marketed

36

as “well connected to the city centre and other services”, highlighting the proximity to services and headquarters present in the area, as well as the accessibility to the metro line.

VARIATION OF REAL ESTATE QUOTATIONS (2015 – 2020)

+ 26%

+ 26%

+ 28%

+ 31%

+ 41%

ADRIANO

BICOCCA

MILAN

PRECOTTO

LORETO

*Data are taken from Il Sole 24 Ore/ Data refer to the period 2015-2020

PROPERTY AND RENT RATES - APRIL 2021

14,8

2943 €/m2

BICOCCA 3143 €/m2

PRECOTTO

14,2

€/m2

€/m

2

3920 €/m2

16,7

4783 €/m

2

18,3 €/m2

€/m2

LORETO Average price of rents on the market

ADRIANO

15,1

3447

€/m2

€/m2

MILAN *Data are taken from Immobiliare.it / Data refer to April 2021

Average price of properties on the market

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

37

PERCENTAGES OF OWNERSHIP

7%

29%

64%

MILAN Property Rents Others

38

7%

25%

5%

23%

68%

72%

MUNICIPIO 2

NIL 16

*Data are taken from Sistema Statistico Integrato Comune di Milano / Data refer to April 2021

Via Solone / Picture taken by the authors

Viale Monza / Picture taken by the authors

Via Rucellai /Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

39

Actors PRIVATE COMPANIES 1. Hilti 2. Coca Cola 3. ABB 4. Alstom 5. Siemens 6. Cofoundry - coworking spaces 7. Fujitsu 8. Copernico - coworking spaces 9. Officine Panerai 10. Nava 11. lloyd’s Register 12. Pernord Ricard 13. Revello 14. Termo T 15. Totari 16. Centro Diagnostico Italiano 17. Redo Sgr 18. Regus - coworking spaces 19. Teatro Studio Frigia Cinque SOCIAL ACTORS AND ASSOCIATIONS 1. Fondazione Gaetano e Mafalda Luce 2. Comitato di Quartiere Precotto 3. Associazione Veronica Sacchi 4. Fondazione Piatti 5. Fondazione Willy Down Onlus 6. Cooperativa San Filippo Neri 7. Associazione Arca 8. Piccolo Principe 9. Tempo Per L’infanzia 10. Coop Comin 11. Coop Cogess 12. Angsa Lombardia Onlus 13. Fondazione cariplo 14. Fondazione housing sociale 15. Consorzio cooperative lavoratori 16. Associazione piccole e medie industrie 17. Pane quotidiano 18. Vi-Pre-Go 19. Associazione Amici di Zona 2

40

PUBLIC ACTORS 1. ATM 2. Poste Italiane 3. Inps 4. Asst Geatano Pini 5. Trenitalia 6. Università degli Studi - Bicocca 7. Municipio 2 8. Comune di Milano 10. Regione Lombardia 11. Ats Milano Città Metropolitana

COMPANIES LOCATED IN PRECOTTO

METROPOLITAN

1.

MUNICIPAL

.

. .

1.

12

.6

11

4 . 7.

8.

9.

LOCAL .

6.

7. 1 9

.

. 1 7. . 11

1. 3. 5

2. 5

4.

REGIONAL

16

19

.

18 .

8.

2.

15

.

1 0.

13 .

1 4

.1 7 .

3. 4

.

5 1 .

4 .1

NATIONAL

10

1. 2.

. 13

SUPRANATIONAL

.

0 1 .

.5 2. 3. 5 .7 . 6.

8.

9 1 6.

.

11

.

2 .1

18.

ACTORS PROVIDING SERVICES

ON GOING PROJECTS

COMMUNITY

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

41

Color Hearth Day / Gorla Precotto Facebook Page

Walking tour / Precotto News Facebook Page

Christmas event / Vi-Pre-Go Facebook Page

42

ACTORS: PRIVATE ACTORS SOCIAL ACTORS AND ASSOCIATIONS ACTORS: PRIVATE ACTORS PUBLIC ACTORS

SESTO MARELLI

SOCIAL ACTORS AND ASSOCIATIONS PUBLIC ACTORS

via Uguzzone

viale Mo

nza

1 2

4

3

17 3 5

gora

10

VILLA SAN GIOVANNI

via Anassa

BICOCCA

2

6

13 da

19

Bre

8

via Frigia

17

16

14

1

15

7

via

10

ADRIANO 5

12 4

13

7 11

8 9 16 12

2

via Carnovali

6

5

5

ovo

via Guanella

3

nte Nu

15

via Rucellai

14

17

via Po

1

6

piazza Martesana

4 9

via Sant’Erlembaldo

11

CRESCENZAGO

GORLA Martesana river

0

0.25

0.5 KM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

43

44

2. INTERPRETING THE NEIGHBORHOOD

Following the analysis, interviews to people in Precotto have been carried out as part of the fieldwork research process. Interviews targeted different categories of residents and users of the neighborhood, and they were collected over different times and locations in the area. They provided aid in better understanding the dynamics of the neighborhood and constructing accurate profiles of residents and users of Precotto, to understand their experience and perception.

Interaction with local people also contributed to a better and more holistic analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the area, also based on the needs and criticisms recognized. What emerged was a perception of the neighborhood extending over different coexisting and complementary scales, based on the daily activities, habits and flows characterizing it.

Spatially, a smaller scale of a 15 minutes neighborhood, self-contained and based on a walking dimension, is juxtaposed to a bigger scale of a 15 minutes network, interconnected and constanly exchanging with the surrounding territories. A temporal scale covering the future of the neighborhood was also a dominant point in the interactions with locals, interested in understanding, given the current trends and dynamics, how Precotto will hold up in 15 years and who will make use of it. Different scenarios, collected from urban experiences in Milan and other cities, are feasible, therefore the importance of shaping and providing a vision and trajectory for the area.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

45

Profiles FRANCESCO AND HIS DAUGHTER SOFIA 46 years old and 4

The playground is really convenient but it is crowded and there could be more facilities, like a water fountain, a toilet, picnic tables and maybe a kiosk where to grab a bite. In the winter time, it would be nice to have a reading room for younger kids.

HOME P

PLAYGROUNDS

KINDERGARTENS

utes

8 min

They live in the neighborhood and they walk to school every day, it’s just a 5 minutes distance.

After school they usually spend the afternoon at the playground.

GAETANO 75 years old

P

It has changed a lot from the village in which I grew up. For grocery shopping I go to the supermarket, there are no more local shops, and the ones still existing are pretty expensive. I often go to the bar for a chat with my friends. I am surprised of the fact that young people do not use these spaces for getting together, as we used to do.

HOME PHARMACY SUPERMARKET BAR COOPERATIVA SAN

46

5 minute

He was born and raised in Precotto.

He was employed in an industry nearby, now he’s retired.

s

FILIPPO NERI

Parco Maddalena/ Picture taken by the authors

Parco Maddalena/ Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

47

BENEDETTA 12 years old

Every Thursday I spend the afternoon at school for a music class, and when I leave it’s dark and I am a bit afraid of walking home alone. Near the school nothing is open and there are only a few cars passing by really fast. I would like to have a space where to meet and study with my classmates. When the weather is good I go to Parco della Maddalena to play beach volley, but the field is quite run down, we are the only ones taking care of it.

HOME MIDDLE SCHOOL BEACH VOLLEYBALL FIELD

She attends the middle school in Via Frigia and everyday she walks there from via Bressan, where she lives with her family. She is a violinist.

STEFANO 21 years old

utes

10 min

I spend most of my days at university, also because at home I don’t have a space where to study. I usually walk to University, it takes 20 minutes and I use the underpass. Sometimes, when I leave university and it’s dark, I have to take tram 7, since I am quite afraid to use the underpass.

The tram runs every 7/10 minutes. It would be nice to safely go by bicycle.

HOME BICOCCA UNIVERSITY

He comes from Genoa and he studies Chemistry at Bicocca University.

He lives in a student house in the parish building.

48

es

inut

25 m

Middle School Via Frigia / Picture taken by the authors

Underpass / Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

49

MARCO E MARTA 40 years old and 37

All the basic services are here, however we go to other neighbourhoods for our leisure and cultural activities. The subway is really convenient, but if it’s late in the night we have to use the bicycle or if we go to other parts of the city we’d rather use the car. We like to go cycling on the weekend, Parco Lambro is quite close and often we like to ride along Martesana and get out of the city. We are happy that they created a cycling lane in Viale Monza, we use it a lot and there should be more.

They both work for an advertising company and they moved to Precotto a few years ago be cause of the convenience of the neighborhood.

ins

10 m

s

0 min

ES - 3

IN BUS L s

10 mins

15 min

DANILO 50 years old

MARTA & MARCO - HOME

KET

TIC

DANILO - HOME ET

TICK

THEATRES & CINEMAS LIBRARIES & BOOKSHOPS

15

mi ns

RESTAURANTS & BARS

He works as a nurse at San Raffaele Hospital. He has a passion for sports: he plays rugby and he used to attend football matches.

50

RUGBY PITCH HOSPITAL SAN RAFFAELE COOPERNICO - CO-WORKING SPACES

I use public transport to go to work if I have a morning shift, while I work at night, however, I have to use the car; the bus line does not run after 21.30, it’s a shame.

Once a week I play rugby in Sesto San Giovanni, it takes me only 10 minutes to get there by car. With public transport it would take 40 minutes, it is not really convenient. I do my grocery shopping at the supermarket, there are no real neighbourhood shops in the area. When I need to buy something more specific I usually go to the city center or order it online.

Bike Lane / Picture taken by the authors

Bus Stop / Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

51

RAFFAELLA 46 years old

I come to work by car, it’s quite convenient and there is plenty of parking. I bring my lunch from home and I don’t really leave my office, the surroundings are not appealing and when I leave in the evening I go home directly, as there is not much to do in the area.

MONZA

PAOLO 24 years old

20 m

ins

PARKING

15 mins

She lives in Nova Milanese, in the metropolitan area of the city and everyday she comes to work in Precotto, because she is an employee at Nava Press Company.

30 mins

NOVA MILANESE

RAFFAELLA - HOME PAOLO - HOME NAVA PRESS - OFFICES PARKING - PIAZZALE MARTESANA

He lives in Monza, where he works.

Sometimes he comes to Milan, to meet with friends and to go shopping.

He usually drives and leaves the car in Piazzale Martesana.

52

I leave the car at Piazzale Martesana, it’s really convenient, to take the subway and reach the city centre. It is the nearest place to the city centre with free parking, coming from north of Milan. I hope it stays that way.

Nava Press / Nava Press website

Piazzale Martesana / Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

53

Strengths and weaknesses STRENGTHS Demography Morphology Employment and skills Commercial activities

WEAKNESSES ABSENCE OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

DIVERSITY MIXED LAND USES

LACK OF CULTURAL SERVICES URBAN DENSITY Sport facilities Public transport Healthcare facilities Social Services

LACK OF SOCIAL GATHERING SPACES

PRESENCE OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES STRATEGIC POSITION

Third sector associations Solidarity Village identity

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Making Precotto and active, vibrant, place of exchange Walkable dimensions Some streets are nice to take a walk Diffusion perception of safety Dense and actives areas Some areas recently renovated Presence of some green areas

An opportunity

54

ABSENCE OF LIBRARIES AND STUDY AREAS

FLOWS WALKABILITY SAFETY

PUBLIC SPACE

VOIDS

Producing interference, confusion, pollution and traffic The railway perceived as a barrier for pedestrian and bicycles Some streets are not nice to take a walk Some degraded and abandoned areas Lacking of ground floor activities Episodic crimes and offences Some areas not well maintained and degraded Non child-friendly environment in front of schools Degradation and unsafety

Strengths

ACTIVE AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT (COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, DIVERSITY, PLEASANT WALKABLE AREAS) PRESENCE OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES SPORT FACILITIES SOCIAL HOUSING HEALTH CENTERS PHARMACY POST OFFICES DAILY SOCIAL SERVICES RESIDENTIAL SOCIAL SERVICES PRESENCE OF GREEN AREAS

Weaknesses

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, LIBRARIES, STUDY AREAS, CULTURAL ACTIVITIES SOCIAL - GATHERING SPACES SOME DEGRADED AND ABANDONED AREAS LACK OF GRAND FLOOR ACTIVITIES NOT CHILD - FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT IN FRONT OF SCHOOLS

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

55

The different scales of a 15 minutes city Reflecting upon the 15 minutes city concept, it appears that its definition is subjective and it differs among users. The analysis of the daily activities, flows and habits of local people in Precotto, brought to light the complexity and multi - scalarity of the concept. It is possible to distinguish two main different scalar layers related to different radius, rhythms and flows.

hands of the free. market, patterns of exclusivity and displacement might arise. Therefore, the importance of a defined vision for the development of an attractive and socially and economically sustainable 15 minute neighborhood.

Large scale projects, such as Innesto and Sant’ Erlembardo, are under development around the neighborhood. Real estate rates are already growing at a higher pace than the city average, and demographic trends predict a drastic increase of THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN 15 MINUTES elderly and young adults in Precotto. Furthermore, The idea of a neighborhood in 15 minutes is that a self-reinforcing pattern of attractivity will lead one can satisfy basic needs within a walking the market to fill the many voids present in the distance. The small scale and the presence of basic area. services allow people to create flows internal to the neighborhood. The movements in a 15 minutes neighborhood are characterized by a slower pace and a quiet rhythm. This fosters the concept of neighborhood as a home, based on the idea of proximity and community.

The targets of this scale are mainly elderly people and kids, but also whoever finds no need of leaving the neighborhood for basic needs.

THE 15 MINUTES NETWORK The idea of a 15 minutes network is that, in an urban context such as Milan, neighborhoods are intermingled. The scale is larger and covers surrounding areas that can be reached in 15 minutes with different means of transport. Fluxes come in and out the neighborhoods and they are characterized by a faster rhythm and a hectic pace.

The targets of this scale are whoever needs to displace everyday activities and those who see pleasure in moving around.

THE TEMPORAL SCALE A whole range of changes is currently taking place in Precotto, and it is reasonable to assume that in 15 years the neighborhood will present different characteristics from the past and from now. If the future trajectories of the area are left entirely in the 56

PARCO NORD

BICOCCA

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

PRECOTTO

GORLA

TURRO

ISOLA

LORETO

CASCINA GATTI

ADRIANO

CRESCENZAGO

CIMINIANO CITTÀ STUDI

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

57

The neighborhood in 15 minutes According to the definition aforementioned, Precotto can be considered as a 15 minutes neighborhood.

It is characterized by high urban density and a strategic position on the edge of the city.

Moreover, its heterogeneity and diversity make it a LIVEABLE place, while still conserving a village identity from its heritage. The presence of services and public transport contributes to making the neighborhood EFFICIENT. However, if people perceive livability and efficiency, they do not deem the area as pleasant and enjoyable.

Inhabitants and users deplore a lack of cultural and community services in the neighborhood. A library or a multifunctional space could serve as a place for aggregation for youngsters, university students and seniors. Currently, in the neighborhood this role is covered by private commercial spaces, such as bars, in the case of elderly, and open public spaces, such as parks, for younger users. A space for the community could also serve the purpose of fostering cohesion and solidarity among different generations.

Precotto still maintains a strong identity, deriving from its cultural and social heritage, and this is still strongly perceived by older generations.

However, this category of residents feels a lack of acknowledgement and appreciation for this subject among the younger generations. In particular, a common concern is that this aspect can be neglected by the temporary nature of the residence of certain categories of inhabitants, such as renters, which are expected to increase in future years.

Finally, the morphology of the neighborhood presents features that are antithetical to a vision of a 15 minutes city. A substantial presence of voids, vacant and underused spaces, is currently a weakness of the area but it can be transformed into an opportunity and a tool for a development of density and compactness of the neighborhood.

Furthermore, a large share of the land use of

58

the area is dominated by car use, in the form of parking and of fast roadways; this is the reflection of a community of residents and users still highly dependent on private motorized means of transport. These spaces call for a reappropriation and activation, to be reintegrated in the urban tissue in the form of liveable and inclusive public spaces.

PARKIN G

viale Mo

nza

PUBLIC REALM: SPACES IN FRONT OF SCHOOLS PUBLIC SPACES: WIDENINGS, SQUARES AND PUBLIC PARKING PARKS DRINKING WATER FOUNTAINS P PLAYGROUNDS PLAYFIELDS PUBLIC TOILETS PICNIC TABLES OBSTACLES AND BARRIERS

ATM

RA

ILW AY

via Frigia

PARKING

PASS SPORT FIELDS

P

VOLLEY

PARKING

ER UND

KING PAR

P BEACH

P

ANIES COMP

SPORT FIELDS

P

via Carnovali via Rucellai

P RAILWAY

P

piazza Martesana

PARKING

Parco Isocrate

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

59

Via Breda /Picture taken by the authors

Via Rucellai /Picture taken by the authors

Via Cislaghi /Picture taken by the authors

Via Rucellai /Picture taken by the authors

60

Via Gilardi/ Picture taken by the authors

Tram tunnel /Picture taken by the authors

Via Breda /Picture taken by the authors

Via Mariani /Picture taken by the authors

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

61

A 15 minutes network While people can satisfy basic needs in the neighborhood, they can also reach other specific areas in the surroundings within a relatively short time. This larger scale of 15 minutes network is part of and corresponds to a system of interconnected spaces. There are some local identities surrounding Precotto that are important and frequent destination for its inhabitants; • Cultural places - As this typology of facilities is not present in Precotto, residents have to move to the surrounding neighborhoods to access them, as in the case for Hangar Bicocca and Arcimboldi theater • Green parks - green areas within Precotto are of modest dimensions and function as attractors only on a very local scale. Therefore, in order to spend time outdoor or to perform physical activity, inhabitants reach landmarks as Parco Lambro, Parco Nord and Martesana river • Universities – Precotto is located in the center of a network of different university hubs such as Bicocca University, Città Studi and Sesto San Giovanni, therefore making it attractive as a residence for students.

• Healthcare centers – Precotto is well served in terms of healthcare provision, as it is surrounded by renowned institutions such as Niguarda hospital, San Raffaele and the future Città della Salute.

• Shopping districts – Precotto is characterized, in terms of commerce, by the presence of supermarkets, big shops and small businesses for daily needs. More extensive, targeted or luxurious typologies of shopping needs and behaviors have to be redirected to areas such as Corso Buenos Aires, Bicocca mall and city center commercial strips.

• Entertainment (nightlife, pubs) – in spite of an increasing presence of young adults in Precotto, commerce in the field of entertainment and nightlife still has to emerge in the neighborhood.

Therefore, residents of Precotto experience this in areas such NoLo, Porta Venezia and Città Studi.

62

DISTANCES FROM PRECOTTO KE TIC

KE TIC

KE TIC

KE TIC

T

T

T

T

LANZA - PICCOLO TEATRO

LINATE AIRPORT

24 minutes

38 mins

21 mins

40 mins

1h 13 mins

2h 16 mins

NOLO -CINEMA BELTRADE

STAZIONE CENTRALE

15 mins

22 mins

11 mins

15 mins

34 mins

50 mins

TEATRO MANZONI

BICOCCA UNIVERSITY

22 mins

11 mins

23 mins

8 mins

1h 12 mins

23 mins

ELFO PUCCINI - THEATER

POLITECNICO - BOVISA

13 mins

36 mins

15 mins

1h 30 mins

51 mins

35 mins

NIGUARDA HOSPITAL

CITTÀ STUDI

23 mins

28 mins

19 mins

16 mins

54 mins

54 mins

SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL

CRESCENZAGO - PUBLIC LIBRARY

43 mins

11 mins

17 mins

9 mins

1h 2 mins

31 min

DUOMO

Public transport

17 mins

Bike

23 mins

Walking

1h 22 mins

*Data are taken from Google Maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

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KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

KET

TIC

64

HOSPITAL LIBRARY K TIC

ET

THEATER OR CINEMA UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OR MONUMENT AIRPORT TRAIN STATION

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

65

The neighborhood in 15 years Large scale projects, such as Innesto and Sant’ Erlembardo, are under development around the neighborhood. Real estate rates are already growing at a higher pace than the city average, and demographic trends predict a drastic increase of elderly and young adults in Precotto. Furthermore, a self-reinforcing pattern of attractivity will lead the market to fill the many voids present in the area.

The actions proposed in Precotto, together with the aforementioned processes are going to be a sprout for processes of surge of real estate rates and, more in general, of gentrification.

This phenomenon will take place in an area in which real estate rates are already increasing at a higher pace than the city average, which is chosen by an increasing number of students and young families The foreseen course will reinforce the trajectory of the neighborhood on a path similar to the one of NoLo or Porta Romana, which witnessed processes of material and identitarian exclusion of former inhabitants from the new developments of the area.

Therefore, the need to question the sufficiency and the inclusivity of the planned social housing projects, both the ones provided as part of the Innesto development and the other ones. The inadequacy of these facilities will lead to the intensification of conflicts and squat phenomena (insert photo of the one at the station) It is necessary to introduce guidelines targeting the current abandoned buildings and vacant plots in order to achieve a sustainable growth of the neighborhood.

66

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67

A 15 minutes neighborhood in a 15 m Free market

Loss of existing local businesses

Surge of real estate rates

New “high level” projects

Subordination to Innesto

Exclusivity

1° SCENARIO

Temporariness of residents

TopDown approach

Displacement of current inhabitants

“Studentification”

Risk of losing identity and sense of community

Scarce attachment to the neighborhood

68

minutes network in the next 15 years

Inclusivity

Affordability

Accessibility

Pleasantness

Gathering spaces

Sharing benefits of growth

2° SCENARIO

Attractiveness

Bottomup approach

Public spaces

Cultural Facilities

A just housing system

Community engagement

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

69

70

3. NEIGHBORHOOD PLAN

This section presents the plan proposed for the neighborhood of Precotto, developed after analyzing its features and putting in relation the different scales that emerged in its perimeter.

A strategic framework has been created, starting from the objectives of the work to then elaborate different strategies tackling the issues of the neighborhood. In particular, these strategies will be pursuit through the different use of typologies of spaces in the area; the enhancement of the quality of existing public spaces, the creation and activation of new spaces through the reappropriation of land use currently for car use and the development of voids and vacant spaces.

For a first phase, specific actions have been designated for targeted areas, studying economic and political feasibility and social impact for each of them. A second phase, considering a longer term and the ongoing trends and developments in the neighborhood, has been developed through guidelines, in order to steer the physiological development of the area towards selected long term outcomes.

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71

Strategic framework and concept Starting from the selection of the spatial and temporal scales and from the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses presented by Precotto, the strategic framework is elaborated comprising design and policy solutions addressing the key issues in the community. This vision framework will set the blueprint for a pleasant, connected, affordable and inclusive 15 minutes city.

The strategic framework is elaborated with a multidimensional and multiscalar approach and it consists of one final vision; three overarching objectives, each geared towards a different scale of the ones previously emerged; six strategies and several specific actions for each strategy.

The pursuit of strategies is extended over a first phase and a second phase; the watershed between these two periods is in line with the prospected completion of the Innesto project, which will be the main physical driver for change in the neighborhood and it can be assumed to be in a span of 10 years from now.

For the first phase, a set of actions has been designed, all seeking a specific outcome obtainable in a relative short term; while some actions are light, cheap and could be easily implemented within a one year time frame, others require infrastructure improvements or policy modifications, and could take several years to complete.

Actions will have different impacts on different realms, however, it is the combination and selfreinforcement of the several actions that will work towards , as not one single intervention will serve merely as a solution on its own.

Strategies are pursued through targeted use of different typologies of spaces in Precotto.

Spaces that are already existing, public and accessible, as for green areas, are addressed with an enhancement of their quality features in order to raise their attractivity and pleasantness. Spaces that are currently in use for motorized traffic should undergo a process of reappropriation and activation, to be used in a more inclusive and liveable way by the community. Finally, the

72

high number of vacant spaces and voids in the neighborhood are included in the plan on a long term horizon, with their redevelopment in the form of housing and services.

Concerning the scale of the neighborhood in 15 minutes, the tackled issue regards the pleasantness of the neighborhood. The first strategy aims to make the available public spaces in Precotto more pleasant and comfortable, through the infrastructuring of green areas and the creation of a pilot playstreet in front of a middle school.

Indeed, In a 15-minutes neighborhood it is crucial to have pleasant and comfortable outside places to go to. The goal of the second strategy is to strengthen community engagement by supporting the creation of a union of associations. This strategy has also a focus on preparing a fertile ground for the development of the adjacent Innesto project, where it is crucial to prepare a fertile ground for a real grafting of diverse identities and status.

It is widely recognized that a strong sense of community among inhabitants and a shared local identity are important factors for a 15 minutes neighborhood.

The third strategy focuses on the re-appropriation of spaces currently used as parking with the goal of making them available to different uses and functions. Two pilot areas have been selected: Piazzale Martesana and a private courtyard in a business center. Here some interventions will take place in order to gradually regain the space and transform it into liveable open public spaces.

The scale of a network of 15 minutes focuses on the promotion of a sustainable mobility. The fourth and the fifth strategy are related to this network scale and they intend to facilitate connections among neighborhoods. disencouraging the use of private cars.

The target of the fourth strategy is the use of soft mobility and shared mobility, while the fifth focuses on creating corridors to encourage walkability.

The temporal scale focuses on the affordability and inclusivity of Precotto within 15 years. The last strategy tries to assess some of the future challenges that the neighborhood will face, proposing guidelines to be followed in order to ensure a sustainable and inclusive 15 minutes city in the future. The second phase is shaped through the use of guidelines that provide a more flexible and adaptive tool for achieving specific long term outcomes. The final vision pursued by the neighborhood plan is a pleasant and attractive neighborhood, with a strong sense of community and with cultural and social spaces. Precotto shall be interconnected with the surroundings in order to ensure an efficient and sustainable transportation system. Lastly, the neighborhood should remain affordable and inclusive.

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73

FIRST PHASE STRATEGY A

How to outline Precotto as

Improving the pleasant dimension of public spaces

SHORT TERM - activating a spaces

a pleasant

neighbourhood?

STRATEGY B

Strenghtening local Identity & intergeneration solidarity

STRATEGY C

Re -appropriation of spaces

STRATEGY D

How to promote a sustainable

Providing infrastructures for a sustainable transportation

SHORT TERM - activating n local actors

SHORT TERM - gradual shif car free areas

SHORT TERM - increasing u mobility and p transport

mobility?

STRATEGY E

Connecting places through pedestrain path

How to make the neighborhood affordable?

74

STRATEGY F Safeguarding the local community from the externalities of neighborhood growtn

SHORT TERM - achievemen pleasent walk corridors

SECOND PHASE

OUTCOME: available

OUTCOME: networks of

LONG TERM OUTCOMES: - cultural and multi functional spaces

OUTCOME: ft towards s

OUTCOME: use of soft public

OUTCOME: nt of kable

- An active and alive system of public spaces GUIDELINES

- Pedestrian friendly neighborhood - A more cohesive community

FINAL OUTCOME: A pleasant and affordable 15 minutes city

- An housing stock more sustainable and diverse in its physical and management characteristics

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75

Strategies STRATEGY A: IMPROVING THE PLEASANT DIMENSION OF PUBLIC SPACES

a fertile ground for a real grafting of the diverse identities and statuses of the neighborhoods.

In Precotto there’s an abundance of public spaces: squares, large sidewalks, green spots, and patios.

These spaces are available and accessible, but some of them are not used by inhabitants, as they are degraded and unattractive. In a 15-minutes neighborhood it is crucial to have pleasant and comfortable outdoor places to go to. The strategy aims to turn available public spaces into high quality inviting spaces where people can stop, sit, play and relax, protected from the surrounding flows of movement.

Moreover it is widely recognised that a strong sense of community among inhabitants and a shared local identity are important factors for a 15 minutes neighborhood. Therefore, the strategy aims to reinforce the engagement of the associations active in the neighborhood and to create collaborative partnerships among them in order to increase capacity toward common, mutually beneficial objectives. Furthermore, the goal is to enlarge the community involving more and more inhabitants and associations: a varied and diverse community could promote a more multiform and composite local identity and thus more representative and diverse range of activities.

Green areas and parks are already enjoyed by some inhabitants, but they lack infrastructures and services, being anonymous and therefore not fully appreciated. The strategy aims to provide wellequipped and maintained spaces that contribute to air, environmental and aesthetic quality and serve as attractors for a wide array of user categories: children, teenagers, adult people and elderly.

The second category of public spaces are sidewalks and streets. The strategy aims to trigger a gradual shift into the use of streets, with a reduction of the roadway in favor of soft mobility and pedestrians, making streets a place where to stay and to enjoy.

STRATEGY B: STRENGTHENING LOCAL IDENTITY & INTERGENERATIONAL SOLIDARITY Any initiatives not sustained and approved by inhabitants could potentially be a failure. Indeed, a strategy to be successful must encompass actions and processes that are sensitive to the community in the specific context. Indeed community engagement and activation of citizenships is crucial to achieve long term, successful and sustainable outcomes, preferring a bottom-up approach to a top-down one. The Innesto project, due to the fact of being set up with a top-down approach without the consultancy of the local inhabitants, could encounter obstacles and failures in their realization processes. For this reason, it is crucial to prepare

76

STRATEGY C: RE -APPROPRIATION OF SPACES A great portion of space in the neighborhood of Precotto is currently used as parking. In a dense urban context such as the neighborhood under analysis space is a scarce resource and therefore its use causes conflicts and implies choices. In a 15 minutes neighborhood it is crucial to have as many spaces as possible. Indeed, common spaces such as green parks and squares foster sociality among inhabitants, contribute to physical and mental health and make the landscape more pleasant.

The strategy proposes the reappropriation of public and semi-public spaces currently used for parking, through a gradual downsizing and time reduction of parking space. The re-gained spaces could be used by inhabitants as gathering places and spaces for activities.

STRATEGY D: PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURES FOR A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION The dense urban context of Precotto and its strategic position in respect to the city of Milan must be valorized to reduce the use of cars and private mobility.

For a sustainable mobility system some alternatives to private cars should be proposed and diffused.

Firstly, the public transport system must be guaranteed to be efficient and accessible also through the enhancement of digital technologies and the increase of comfort. Second, solutions such as electric vehicles, cycling mobility and sharing devices should be attractive and efficient, in order to be chosen by a wide range of population.

STRATEGY E: CONNECTING PLACES THROUGH PEDESTRIAN PATHS

STRATEGY F SAFEGUARDING THE LOCAL COMMUNITY FROM THE EXTERNALITIES OF NEIGHBORHOOD GROWTN The neighborhood has been rapidly developing in recent time due to the urbanisation process, deindustrialisation and densification. In the future years, the Innesto, the demographic mutation and the rising of the real estate market will bring even more serious changes.

It is not possible for sure to predict exactly how the neighborhood will evolve, but it is possible to identify factors that will ensure a 15 minutes city in the future years. Therefore, some guidelines are proposed for a second phase of the neighborhood plan. These guidelines should be developed over the years by local actors with a bottom-up and with a local-base approach.

A 15 minutes city is a walkable neighborhood for definition. The benefits of a walkable neighborhood are multiple: walking improves mental and physical health and citizens’ wellbeing, it has an important impact on the environment, it has economic benefits and it enhances the sense of community and reinforces social cohesion. Therefore in a 15 minutes city essential services shall be reachable within a walking distance in order to discourage the use of cars. Nevertheless, walking should be seen also as a pleasant activity.

Therefore, the strategy aims to encourage walking as a pleasant and healthy activity, through the creation of a system of pedestrian corridors. The paths should also support a slow appreciation of the space with resting spaces.

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77

FIRST PHASE

How to outline Precotto as

STRATEGY A

Improving the pleasant dimension of public spaces

a pleasant

neighbourhood?

STRATEGY B

Strenghtening local Identity & intergeneration solidarity

STRATEGY C

Re -appropriation of spaces

How to promote a sustainable

STRATEGY D

Providing infrastructures for a sustainable transportation

mobility?

STRATEGY E

Connecting places through pedestrain path

How to make the neighborhood affordable?

78

STRATEGY F Safeguarding the local community from the externalities of neighborhood growth

ACTIONS

ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF GREEN AREAS

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: - activating available spaces

DESIGNING PLAYSTREETS CONNECTING AND INVOLVING LOCAL ACTORS

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: - activating networks of local actors

BRIDGING THE INNESTO PROJECT WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD ACTIVATING SPACES CURRENTLY USED FOR PARKING ENHANCING THE COMFORT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT STATIONS PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SHARED MODALITY OF TRANSPORTATION

CREATING A PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: - gradual shift towards car free areas

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: - increasing use of soft mobility and public transport

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: - achievement of pleasent walkable corridors

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79

Viale M

ONZA

Via FRIGIA KET

TIC

KET

TIC

Parco GILARDI

PT

Business complex

Via ERODOTO

Piazzale MART

80

0

0.25

A

PT

Parco TREMELLONI

Parco della MADDALENA

Parco FRANCESCO DI CATALDO

PT

Via MATTEI

TESANA

0.5 KM

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SECOND PHASE 1 How to outline Precotto as

STRATEGY A

Improving the pleasant dimension of public spaces

a pleasant

2

neighbourhood?

STRATEGY B

Strenghtening local Identity & intergeneration solidarity

STRATEGY C

3

4

Re -appropriation of spaces

5 How to promote a sustainable

STRATEGY D

Providing infrastructures for a sustainable transportation

mobility?

6

STRATEGY E

Connecting places through pedestrain path

How to make the neighborhood affordable?

82

STRATEGY F Safeguarding the local community from the externalities of neighborhood growth

7

8

GUIDELINES The engagement of local associations and actors should be self-reinforcing.

Activate participative processes tobetter define the demand for social spaces.

Extend the network of walkable corridors continuing the action n. 9.

New real estate developments should be planned as affordable and inclusive through programs of social housing and cohousing.

Every new development should include new green features and spaces, complying with the PGT guidelines.

Ensure that a portion of the re-developed spaces will be destined to cultural and social functions with the creation of multifunctional spaces accessible to all.

LONG TERM OUTCOMES: - cultural and multi functional spaces - An active and alive system of public spaces - Pedestrian friendly neighborhood - A more cohesive community - An housing stock more sustainable and diverse in its physical and management characteristics

New spaces should provide ground floor uses and commercial activities.

Ensure that the architectural design new developments foster inclusivity and sociality by providing open spaces and courtyards

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83

Viale M

ONZA

7 STUDENT HOUSE Via FRIGIA

5

INNESTO

3

7

Via ERODOTO

Piazzale MART

84

RIVIVI 0

0.25

A

5 4

6

7 Via MATTEI

8

TESANA

0.5 KM

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First phase: actions ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF GREEN AREAS STRATEGY A Improving the pleasant dimension of public spaces

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Activating available spaces

The aim of this action is to enhance the pleasantness and comfort of the green areas in Precotto in order to make them more attractive and frequented by the inhabitants. The action will be applied in three different parks. In each of these areas refurbishment of existing furniture will take place, together with some new developments and the provision of new infrastructure.

BENEFITS FOR THE INHABITANTS:

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY:

The enhancement of the quality of green areas has several benefits. Indeed, this action will propose to:

The interventions in the green areas will take place in the framework of the municipal policy CURA E ADOTTA IL VERDE PUBBLICO”, involving citizens in the process of improvement and maintenance of green spaces of the city of Milan. Indeed, the kind of agreement provided by this policy framework allow the creation of technical and financial partnerships between the public and private sectors.

•

encourage sport and outside activities with consequences on the health of inhabitants;

•

make green areas more pleasant and comfortable so to encourage inhabitants to gather there;

•

protect the existing flora of the neighborhood with environmental benefits;

•

confirm the importance of having green lungs, even of small dimensions, scattered in the territory;

•

concur to the rise of real estate values;

TIMELINE: The action will be applied simultaneously to all the three areas. The work of refurbishment and refurnishing will start at the end of 2021; the maintenance, the gardening and the cleanings will be guaranteed for five years by Municipio 2.

86

TREMELLONI This green area is located on the north-east side of Precotto, very close to the tram deposit.

On the north side of the park a elderly house of relevant dimensions is located. This park, of small size, is considered a shelter during the summer thanks to the shadow provided by the big trees.

Nevertheless, the area has only a few benches and an underused sports field. This little green spot has many potentialities, especially for the guests of the elderly residence. Indeed, the park could be made more suitable for them and more attractive.

THINGS TO DO: 2

1

Gates at the three entrances of the park;

2

Maps and signs for orientation and some informative panels about plants and flowers;

3

Creating a flowerbed on the west side with colorful flowers that could make the area more pleasant;

4

A bowling lawn;

4 3

1

TARGET: •

Whoever lives in the surroundings;

•

Guests of the elderly residence and their relatives;

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87

Daisies /Picture taken by the authors Villa Finzi Informative Panel /Tripadvisor Ortensia /Picture taken by the authors

Lavender /Picture taken by the authors

88

1.

Gates

2.

Signs and Panels

3.

Flowers

4.

Bowling Lane

Anteo Impresa Sociale offers a variety of healthcare services, as well as elderly residences. In Precotto the company manages RSA Pindaro, an elderly house.

Piccolo Principe Onlus is a non profit association offering many kinds of welfare services.

It collaborates with Anteo Impresa Sociale in the management of RSA Pindaro.

Municipio 2 will be in charge of the installation of gates.

Piccolo Principe and Anteo Pindaro could sign an agreement with the municipality for the installation of the bowling lane and the planting of new flowers. ACCORDO DI COLLABORAZIONE TECNICA - Cura e Adotta il Verde.

The gates installation and signs costs will be coverered by Municipio 2 as well as the gardening and cleanings.

The bowling lane and the flowerbed will be paid

by Anteo and Piccolo Principe

PARCO PUBBLICO ANASSAGORA TREMELLONI Capital Expenditure

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Project Fees Gates Flowers and Plants Maps and Signs for Orientation

2.000 € 5.000 € 2.000 € 1.500 €

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

Gardening

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

Labour Cost Bowling Lawn Operating Expenditure

Cleaning Bowling Lawn Mantainance Total

2.000 € 4.000 €

4.000 € 0€

0€ 0€

4.000 € 1.000 €

THINGS TO DO

0€ 0€

4.000 € 1.000 €

0€ 0€

4.000 € 1.000 €

ACTORS

HOW TO DO IT

COSTS & FUNDINGS

0€ 0€

4.000 € 1.000 €

25.500 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 €

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

89

GILARDI This green area is located on the west side of Precotto, close to Viale Breda and to the future Innesto. This little park is equipped with a playground, three sport fields and an area reserved for dogs. Seats and benches are scarce and the tram tunnel on the Nord side of the park makes the area perceived as unpleasant and run down. The goal is to improve the comfort and pleasantness of this green area.

3 2 1

THINGS TO DO: 1 2

3

90

Adding 3 Benches in order to provide more seats; Adding 2 Picnic Tables offering a place where it is possible to read, to rest and to gather with friends; Covering of the tram tunnel with green elements and vegetation;

TARGET: •

Whoever lives in the surroundings

•

Whoever work in the contiguous offices and industries Students from the adjacent schools

•

1.

Adding Benches

2.

Picnic Tables

Municpio it is the local public body responsible of the maintenance of green areas.

3.

Covering the tunnel

THINGS TO DO

ACTORS

Nava Press is a leader in the printing industry and it is specialised in luxury, fashion, design, and furniture sectors.

The company’s location in Milan provides unique access to some of the world’s finest materials and artisans, and it’s long history in the region has forged meaningful relationships with vendors and craftsmen alike. The company has the headquarters just in front of the park. It could benefit from the refurbishment by being the sponsor of the initiative and by having a more pleasant and active space in front of the offices.

The refurbishment of the green area and the laying of furniture can be considered as ORDINARY MAINTENANCE.

Covering of the tram tunnel with green elements HOW TO DO and vegetation: Nava Press could sign an agreement IT with the Municipality of Milan becoming the sponsor of the intervention on the tram tunnel - ACCORDO DI COLLABORAZIONE TECNICA - Cura e Adotta il Verde

The costs of refurnishing works will be covered by the municipality of Milan.

The tram tunnel will be refurbished at the expenses of Nava Press.

PARCO GILARDI Capital Expenditure

2022

2022

2023

2024

2025

Project Fees

2.500 €

0€

0€

0€

0€

Greening of the tunnel Two Picnic Tables

6.000 € 600 €

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

Three Benches

Labour Cost Operating Expenditure Gardening Cleaning Total

600 €

3.000 € 5.000 € 4.000 € 21.700 €

0€

0€ 5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

0€

0€ 5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

0€

0€ 5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

COSTS & FUNDINGS

0€

0€ 5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

91

CARNOVALI In Via Carnovali two green areas are located very close to each other: Parco della Maddalena and Parco Pubblico Francesco di Cataldo. The area is highly frequented by the local inhabitants, especially by the children of the local schools.

Parco Pubblico della Maddalena, on the west side, is well known for the presence of two monuments: a I WW memorial and a little chapel, Chiesa della Maddalena. Furthermore, two playgrounds are present and a beach-volley field, which is not well maintained. The Park during the weekends attracts many teenagers.

On the west side, there is Parco Pubblico Francesco di Cataldo; this space is characterized by a high quality of the vegetation, making it a very nice place where to play, or rest. Here it is possible to also find an area reserved to dogs and a playground.

The area could be better equipped and better

maintained to strengthen their quality and attractiveness. Furthermore, despite the closeness, these two little parks are not connected, being separated only by three educational structures and by a little space used as parking. This forces inhabitants, especially the youngest ones, to walk along the main street, lengthening the path and being exposed to car traffic.

TARGET:

THINGS TO DO:

•

Whoever lives in the surroundings;

1

•

Children attending the adjacent schools;

2 3 4 5

92

Refurbishment of the beach volley field; Adding 3 picnic tbles creating a place where to read, have rest and gather with friends; Fitness area to promote sport activities and health lifestyles; Adding 2 portable bathrooms for people using the green areas; Opening the walkable corridor already existing in the back of the school courtyard, providing fences and gates, in order to connect the parks;

3

1

2

4

5

2

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93

1.

Beach Volley Field

2.

Picnic Tables

3.

Fitness area

Brico Io Viale Monza is a local DIY retailer of big dimensions.

Comitato di Quartiere Precotto is an association made of local inhabitants which has pursued the interest of the neighborhood as regards social and cultural life and relations with the public administration since the 80s.They already operate in the area for the maintenance of the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena and the I WW Memorial.

This retail activity could benefit from the sponsorship of the refurbishment, also advertising its own products.

could ha as active

Comitato di quartiere will be in charge of the refurbishment of the beach volley field, through an agreement with the Municipality - ACCORDO DI COLLABORAZIONE TECNICA - Cura e Adotta il Verde.

Brico-Io could provide picnic tables signing an agreement with the Municipality being a sponsor of the refurnishment: ACCORDO DI SPONSORIZZAZIONE TECNICA Cura e Adotta il Verde.

Centro ipate as the area SPONSOR Verde.

Comitato di Quartiere will cover the costs of refurbishment of the beachvolley field and its maintenance.

Brico will cover the costs of Picnic tables.

The capi of the fi Diagnos

PARCO PUBBLICO DELLA MADDALENA

2021

Beachvolley Field Refurbishment Two Picnic Tables Project Fees Labour cost Operating Expenditure

1.000 € 600 € 1.500 € 1.000 €

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

5.000 € 4.000 € 13.100 €

5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 € 9.000 €

Capital Expenditure

Gardening Cleaning Total

94

2022

2023

2024

2025

PARCO PUBBLICO FRANCESCO DI CATALDO Capital expenditure Installation Portable Toilets Fitness Area Three Picnic Tables Labour Cost Gates and Fences Project Fees Operating Expenditure

Operating Expenses Portable Toilets Gardening Cleaning Total

2021

2022

2.000 € 10.000 € 750 € 1.300 €

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

5.000 € 4.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 €

5.000 € 2.000 €

0€ 0€

1.500 € 1.500 € 31.550 € 10.500 €

4.

Bathrooms

a

5.

Corridor

Centro Diagnostico Italiano local private healthcare center located in Viale Monza. The actor ave an interest in locally branding itself e and caring for the neighbourhood.

Diagnostico Italiano could partica sponsor to the requalification of a creating a fitness area: ACCORDO DI RIZZAZIONE TECNICA - Cura e Adotta il

pital expenditure and managing costs fitness area will be covered by Centro stico Italiano.

2023

2024

2025

€ € € €

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

€ €

5.000 € 4.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 €

5.000 € 4.000 €

€ €

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

€ 1.500 € 1.500 € 1.500 € € 10.500 € 10.500 € 10.500 €

CORRIDOR Capital expenditure Labour Cost

ACTORS

Municpio 2 is the local public body and it is responsible of the maintenance of green areas.

Municipio 2 will be in charge of opening the corridor and providing public portable bathrooms.

HOW TO DO IT

COSTS & FUNDINGS

The other costs will be covered in the budget of Municipio 2.

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

1.300 €

0€

0€

0€

0€

1.500 €

1.500 €

1.500 €

1.500 €

1.500 €

Gates and Fences Project Fees Operating Expenditure

5.000 € 2.000 €

Total

9.800 €

Cleaning

THINGS TO DO

0€ 0€

1.500 €

0€ 0€

1.500 €

0€ 0€

1.500 €

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

0€ 0€

1.500 € 95

DESIGNING PLAYSTREETS

STRATEGY A Improving the pleasant dimension of public spaces

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Activating available spaces

The action aims to turn anonymous and underused spaces into safe and multi-purpose areas in front of schools where people can stop, sit, play and relax, protected from the surrounding flows of movement. The intervention will be based on a tactical urbanism approach, in order to be lowcost and flexible. Furthermore, this approach allows to understand the needs and desires of local inhabitants and to involve them both in the design process and in the physical realization of the project, achieving better results, compared to top down projects. The design of a playstreet shall be at first temporary to be implemented in a permanent way after a period of trials.

BENEFITS FOR THE INHABITANTS

TIMELINE:

The design of a playstreet has several benefits:

The design of the playstreet will take place between the end of the 2021 and the beginning of the 2022.

The realization of the intervention will be done in the spring 2022. The trial period will last until the end of 2023. If the project is successful it may be extended for an additional year, during which the local actors together with the inhabitants and Municipio 2 shall prepare a plan for making it permanent.

•

A Space for kids and teenager where to play, gather together and make friends;

•

Community engagement and activation of citizenships;

•

Promotion of a cultural change and a new vision on the use of streets and public spaces;

•

Creation of spaces where to guarantee physical distances;

•

Pleasantness and comfort of the area;

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY:

•

Safety;

•

Educating kids to spend time outside with consequences on their physical and mental health;

The project is coherent with the ADAPTATION STRATEGY MILAN 2020, OPEN STREETS, a document issued by Comune di Milano and AMAT envisioning the post-pandemic city. Furthermore the initiative could be inserted under the framework of PIANO QUARTIERI, joining the project of Piazze Aperte.

TARGET •

Teenagers of the middle school Via Frigia

•

Inhabitants of the neighborhood

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FRIGIA In Via Frigia there is a middle school with ample space in the front and a big sidewalk. This space is very neglected and underused, with a few cars parked and nothing more. On one side of the streets there are a few condominiums, while on the other side there is a theatre, a parish, former warehouses and a car repair shop. The traffic is moderate and limited to certain hours. The area is going to change deeply in the next few years due to the presence of the Innesto and new student houses currently under construction.

Due to the scarce people flow in the street and the absence of ground floor commercial spaces and activities this area is perceived as unsafe. The characteristics of this space are not suitable for a school entrance. A kids friendly environment could be created with elements of tactical urbanism.

Indeed, this space has a big potential and due to its dimensions it could be used by middle school

students (11 -14 years old) to gather together after classes in the afternoon or during weekends.

The action is twofold: on the one hand some interventions will be done to reduce car speed and to separate sidewalks and pedestrian spaces from car traffic; on the other hand new furniture will be added to create a comfortable and pleasant space.

THINGS TO DO: 1. Painting the pavement with decorations and road markings to make the space more pleasant and evident.

2. Curb extension through barriers and delineators to gain more space 3. Signs to reduce traffic 4. Benches where to seat and rest

5. Ping pong tables 6. Picnic tables where to study or play 7. Little wooden stage where to play and organize events 8. Vases with flowers and trees to provide shadow 9. Bike and scooters racks

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1.

Paintings

The department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU) of the Politecnico di Milano could be interested in joining the project, organizing a workshop on participatory processes and methods.

2.

Curb extension

3.

Signs

Comitato Genitori istituto Italo Calvino is an organism active in Italo Calvino institute mediating between families and professors, organising activities and projects. It could also have a role in the involvement of the kids and also in mediating with the school.

The department of architecture and Urban studies of Politecnico di Milano (DAStU) could be in charge of managing the involved actors’ coalition and setting the participatory process.

FRIGIA Capital Expenditure

2021

2022

3.000 €

0€

0€

Two Ping Pong Table Three Picnic Tables

1.000 € 900 €

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

1.200 €

Ten Vases With plants

2.500 €

Project Fees

5.000 €

Two Bike Racks Road Signs

Delinators and Barriers Wooden stage

Consultancy Communication Campaign Operating Expenditure

700 € 2.000 € 1.000 € 700 €

8.000 € 4.000 €

0€

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€

Gardening 5.000 € 5.000 € Events and communication 8.000 € 8.000 € Total 35.000 € 5.000 € 98

5.

Ping Pong Tables

Vi-Pre-Go is an association with the aim to promote community engagement, environmental enhancement and cultural activities in the neighborhoods of Villa San Giovanni Precotto and Greco.

They organise events and walking tours together with other local organisations. They could be interested in the communicative campaign and in the involvement of the local population.

tori Attivi is an composed by pare atives of kids of th hood. They alrea orate with the Is Calvino to organ initiatives. They c charge of organi and activities. The a key role in the i of the kids in the realization phases

The actors involved (Teatro Frigia, Genitori Attivi an agreement with the Municipality for the implem PER LA GESTIONE DI BENI COMUNI, an act by which details of the project, and the shared management

2023

Paintings

Six Benches

4.

Benches

0€

0€

Colorificio Avanzi, can cov costs for the purpose of spo

0€ 0€ 0€ 0€ 0€

0€ 0€ 5.000 € 8.000 € 5.000 €

The Municipality of M responsible for covering costs.

6.

Picnic Tables

Geniassociation ents and relhe neighborady collabstituto Italo nize several could be in zing events e group has involvement e design and s.

7.

Stage

Teatro Frigia is a theatre located in a former industrial site, just in front of the school. It has different spaces suitable for concerts, performances, castings and shootings and the troupe offers a rich cultural offer. The troupe could organize theater shows and workshops involving the students, in order to make the space alive. It would benefit from the activation of the space, just in front of the entrance of the theatre and it would increase its fame in the neighborhood.

8.

Plants and flowers

COLORIFICIO AVANZI is a local paint shop interested in being a sponsor of the project.

9.

Racks

THINGS TO DO

ACTORS

Comune di Milano, Municipality of Milan

, Comitato Genitori Istituto Italo Calvino, Colorificio Avanzi and Vi-Pre-Go) could sign mentation of the project. The tool provided by the municipality is PATTO DI COLLABORAZIONE the private actors and the public administration define the scope of interventions, the t methods.

HOW TO DO IT

ver the painting onsorship.

COSTS & FUNDINGS

Milan can be the remaining

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CONNECTING AND INVOLVING LOCAL ACTORS

Activating networks of local actors

In the area there are several associations and cooperatives; some offer social services, such as Willy Down and Tempo Per l’infanzia and Piccolo Principe, some others organize cultural and socialising activities, such as Vi-pre-go, some others provide spaces where to encourage social inclusion and to offer support to inhabitants, such as Veronica Sacchi and Cooperativa San Filippo Neri.

There are also groups of parents organising activities for children, in partnership with Scuole Aperte. Also Comitato di quartiere has to be mentioned: it is an association made of local inhabitants which has pursued the interest of the neighborhood as regards social and cultural life and relations with the public administration since the 80s.

privatisation of services and erosion of the public welfare. As a response to those challenges and changes, many communities, associations and residents’ committees have set themselves to create cultural, social, educational services on their own, offering new forms of working, living and collective living, often establishing new frameworks for cooperation with local administrations.

These cooperatives and associations are active but they are not collaborating among each other, each of them has their own priorities, targets, fundings and projects. The neighborhood is facing deep and severe transformations: ageing of population, refurbishment of vacancies, real estate market rise, densification and increase of young students and workers. Precotto is not anymore a peripheral area of Milan, it is a neighborhood of a metropoly, and thus it is undergoing the major phenomena that many other metropolis in Europe are facing.

Just to name a few: deindustrialization, growth of unemployment and economic crisis, the leading role of financial capital in the development of cities, speculation, social segregation and inequalities,

In the area of Precotto it is desirable to reinforce the networks among actors and stakeholders to empower the community and to promote participation among citizens. Thus, a stable governance structure is needed and a formal union/ consortium shall be formally set up. The crafting of an union, as such, would be needed especially on the second phase of the neighborhood plan, when several new spaces and resources will be available.

Indeed, the associations shall participate in the design of the spaces sharing their experiences and needs and once the spaces are made they could organise events in order to make the spaces alive.

TIMELINE:

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY:

The creation of the union shall be a gradual and spontaneous phase, for this reason it is not possible to provide a detailed timeline. Nevertheless, it is desirable to achieve the formal creation of the union by the end of 2022.

The project is coherent with guidelines made up my European union in theme of governance and partnership among public and private actors and it is based on best practices shared among Urbact networks.

STRATEGY B Strenghtening local Identity & intergeneration solidarity SHORT TERM OUTCOME:

100

GOALS:

MEMBERS OF THE UNION:

1. To make the decision making process more close to the inhabitants and their needs, bringing together public administration’s members and neighborhood organisations.

•

Local associations and cooperatives that make requests. Criteria of admission: having a specific local interest, having a knowledge of the neighborhood, having proposals and ideas to be implemented in the area.

•

Delegates from Municipio 2, the local public entity. A specific person among the local council (e.g the vice-president) should be in charge of participation into the union committee, while the three deputies could be involved and consulted on specific issues. The municipio 2 would propose guidelines and advice and would offer support and knowledge.

At the same time it would be a role of mediator between the higher level of governance, the municipality of Milan, and local stakeholders.

•

Also informal groups of citizens should be involved and encouraged to participate. Periodically the committee meetings should be opened to all citizens gathering their ideas and opinions.

2. To facilitate the communication among different partners and the public administration, creating a continuous link among them and bringing them to the same table.

3. To encourage participation and to promote local projects, streamlining the operations and bureaucracy of proposing collective ideas.

4. To make funding, either private or public, more efficient, being invested in more suited and tailor made projects.

FUNCTIONS 1. MONITOR AND OBSERVATORY: The committee in its regular meetings and activities would have the possibility of gathering from local actors, and through them, the opinions, needs and ideas of local inhabitants. furthermore the union would be committed in monitoring the ongoing projects and evaluating their developments.

2. PROJECTS AND INITIATIVES: The members of the union can propose activities and initiatives that could be discussed and organised by the Union. The criteria to be used to select the projects could be various and they shall be selected at first by the members themselves; one of the rules could be that the projects must be proposed by at least two associations collaborating together, or one association and an informal group of citizens.

4. HUB: The union shall have a space where its members can meet and work together. The space, to be located in the future residential developments, should be at the disposal of the local associations.

5. TRAINING AND SUPPORT: In order to encourage the activation of small associations and groups of citizens, the union should give them support and training. indeed, many small entities do not have enough skills and human resources to participate to calls and to manage projects. Furthermore the municipal actor would offer its knowledge and assistance, while the dialogue among associations would be helpful to share best practices and experiences.

3. FUNDS: The union shall have an annual budget, financed by the municipality, to be spent in managing costs and operative expenditure. Moreover, for each specific project the union could apply for suitable european funding.

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BRIDGING THE INNESTO PROJECT WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD STRATEGY B Strenghtening local Identity & intergeneration solidarity

The action aims to prepare a fertile ground for the harmonious coexistence of the Precotto and Innesto Project to reduce the impact of the negative externalities that the construction phase of the project will have on the local inhabitants.

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Activating networks of local actors

One problem related to the project is that the construction site is going to produce disturbances and inconveniences to the local inhabitants.

The second issue could be related to the uses and role of the area within the neighborhood. Indeed, the neighborhood should not be seen as the periphery of the Innesto project. The scalo project should be really a “grafting” and not an additional barrier and source of exclusion. Thus, it is very important to introduce a layer of transparency and trust between the future Innesto project and Precotto since the beginning of the constructions and to make inhabitants feel engaged.

Thus, at least the constructors shall keep updated and informed the inhabitants about the phases of the constructions, the materials and the work

developments. Also events and walking tours in the construction sites could be organised.

Furthermore the surroundings of the construction site should be as pleasant and safe as possible.

BENEFITS:

THINGS TO DO:

•

1. Events on site and walking tours 2. Host informative interactive graphics and panels displaying the characteristics and practicalities of the project, such as the timeline, construction methods and materials, renderings and content of the project.

3. Decorations and visual art pieces on the construction site walls.

• • •

Reduced risk of contrasts with local inhabitants; Safer construction site; An active and alive space; Gradual and smooth shifts towards the Innesto;

TIMELINE: By the end of 2021 opening a call for ideas for the adornment of the construction site’s premises, that should be implemented by summer 2022. Events should start after the summer 2022 and should continue till the end of the construction site.

102

REFERENCE 1: LINEA M4, MILAN (ITALY) A new underground rapid transit line is under construction in the city of Milan. The company in charge of the construction (ATM + WeBuild) has decided to decorate the construction sites to make it more pleasant and nice to see.

The company made a public call to receive proposals and ideas on how to adorn the fences of the sites. Plenty of proposals have been presented and the final result was an open air art gallery, with pictures, drawings and graphic installations.

Via Lorenteggio / La Repubblica

Argonne / La Repubblica

REFERENCE 2: COOL CONSTRUCTION, COPENHAGEN (DENMARK) Cool construction is a Danish project launched in 20212 in Copenhagen. At the time a new underground line was under constructions and the city wanted to ensure that the city could continue to thrive despite noise, dust and disturbances of the construction works. The project involved many partners and artists to contribute to make the spaces surrounding the construction sites special and active. The ambition indeed was to turn the construction operation into an opportunity and to generate new spaces and new activities.

Happy wall, Copenhagen / Cool Construction Website

Bird House, Copenhagen / Cool Construction Website

Copenhagen International School in Nordhavn, Copenhagen / Cool Construction Website

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1.

Events

2.

Infographics

3.

Visual Art

INNESTO GROUP

Local associations Vi-Pre-Go and Comitato di quartiere will have the role of communicating and marketing the initiatives among the local community.

THINGS TO DO

Fondazione Cariplo is a philanthropic organization supporting and financing nonprofit organizations and institutions in the development of local communities. The programme Fondazione Housing Sociale is involved in the Innesto Project as a partner.

The Foundation, thanks to its mediating abilities and involvement in the plan could have an important role in the action.

The actor responsible for this action is to be found in the Innesto Group.

Cariplo will open a call for ideas for the adornment of the construction site’s premises.

The costs of implementation of the selected designs will be entirely covered

by Innesto group.

Cariplo will cover the operational cost related to the call.

BRIDGING THE INNESTO PROJECT WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD Capital Expenditure

2021

ACTORS

HOW TO DO IT

COSTS & FUNDINGS 2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Panels Project Fees Operating Expenditure

15.000 € 8.000 €

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

Visiting Tours

10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 €

4.000 €

4.000 €

4.000 €

2.000 €

2.000 €

2.000 €

Communication Campaign Total

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33.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 € 10.000 €

ACTIVATING SPACES CURRENTLY USED FOR PARKING

STRATEGY C Re -appropriation of spaces

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Gradual shift towards car free areas

The goal of the action is to redevelop spaces currently used for parking in order to make them available for the inhabitants. Indeed, those spaces could be potentially public squares, where people can gather together and enjoy outdoor activities.

The re-appropriation of those spaces shall be gradual and smooth, with a reduction of parking spaces in a first phase and then the complete change of function in a second phase. Two different areas have been selected, one is a public square, Piazzale Martesana, and one is a private space, the courtyard of a Business complex in Piazza Precotto.

PIAZZALE MARTESANA Piazzale Martesana is one of the main squares of Precotto and it is located on the south part of the neighborhood, on the right side of Viale Monza.

On this square Some residential buildings overlook the square and at the ground floor several commercial activities and a few cafes can be found.

The main function of the square is parking, but once a week the space is used for the outdoor market. In the square there is a small building which serves as a water pumping system. The square has great potential due to its position and dimensions.

TIMELINE:

BENEFITS FOR THE INHABITANTS:

The project is divided in two phases: First Phase: 2021 – 2023 Second Phase: 2024 – 2025

• • • • • •

Increasing value of commercial spaces and apartments in the surroundings.

Citizenship activation A new public space An improved location for the market Disencouraging the use of car Increase Pleasantness and comfort of the area

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FIRST PHASE

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY:

The intervention in this phase aims to show the potentialities of Piazzale Martesana as a public active space and discourage people to park there and to use the car. Firstly, some parking spaces have to be removed in order to make space for some furniture. In this small area some activities and events should be organised in order to attract people gradually and activate the space.

The intervention is implemented in compliance with the provisions of the PGT Milano 2030. Indeed, the plan considers the square as an area of environmental requalification.

106

THINGS TO DO:

SECOND PHASE

1. Removing two lines of parking spaces 2. Adding benches and picnic tables where people can rest and chat.

3. Adding vases with plants and flowers to make some shadow and make the area more pleasant.

4. Organizing occasional events and activities other than the market in order to promote the perception of the space as a potential active space.

After two years of experimentation the Municipality should evaluate the project’s results and decide if extend the intervention on the entirety of the square. The requalification of the square could be at that point permanent with the elimination of the parking.

THINGS TO DO: 1. Covered space that could be used for market and for other activities 2. New pavement 3. Furniture 4. Plants

ACTORS

The Municipality of Milan has the task of requalification of the square. For the organization of events it could open a public call to find an actor to activate the area once experimentation it could be renovated until 2023.

The new design of the square should be selected through a contest made within the Faculty of Architecture of Politecnico di Milano.

The costs will be covered by the Municipality of Milan.

The costs of the renovation have been estimated to 2 million euros. The intervention should be covered partly by the Municipality and partly by the planning fees from the residential development in Via Mattei.

PIAZZALE MARTESANA Capital Expenditure

Eight Vases With Trees

Painting Cost of Missing Parking Eight Benches

Events Project Fees Operating Expenditure Gardening Total

2021 5.000 € 4.000 € 8.000 € 1.600 €

30.000 € 12.000 €

2022 0€

0€ 8.000 € 0€ 0€ 0€

2023 0€

0€ 8.000 € 0€

HOW TO DO IT

COSTS & FUNDINGS

0€ 0€

5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 90.600 € 38.000 € 38.000 €

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BUSINESS COMPLEX The business complex is located along Viale Monza, next to the underground station Precotto. The building has very big dimensions and hosts hundreds of offices on rent. The courtyard is currently used as private parking but it is accessible by pedestrians; the space remains empty when the offices are closed, during the night and the weekends.

At the ground floor of the building there are some commercial spaces, but some of those are vacant.

The intervention proposes the revitalization of commercial spaces within the internal courtyard with the aim of having active ground floors, providing food and beverage for the employees during the day and the inhabitants during the night. Thus, The space, courtyard currently underused at night time, can be activated and used by local residents, enlarging the network of accessible spaces in Precotto.

108

BENEFITS: •

Increased overall attractivity of the business complex for new potential renters;

•

Economic return for the owner from the commercial spaces rents;

•

A new space for the inhabitants;

THINGS TO DO: 1. Removing a line of parking spaces next to the commercial activities; 2. Establishing a limited time for parking during the day for the workers and freeing the space during the evening for restaurants; 3. Creating outdoor seats; 4. Keeping gates open until 24.00;

ACTORS

KCity is a company specialized in the field of urban regeneration which provides consultancy and technical support for private and public projects.

Antonitalia is the real estate agency

HOW TO DO IT

The real estate property owning the premises can ask for consulting to KCity, which could provide its expertise with verifying the feasibility of the project and supplying technical assistance.

The costs can be sustained by Antoitalia as an investment, expecting a return in rent of the revitalized commercial activities that will take the place of the currently vacant spaces.

BUSINESS COMPLEX Capital Expenditure

Outdoor Infrastructures

Project Fees Operating Expenditure

Maintenance and Security Total

2021

2022

10.000 €

0€

8.000 €

8.000 €

10.000 €

28.000 €

0€

8.000 €

2023 0€ 0€

2024 0€ 0€

2025 0€ 0€

COSTS & FUNDINGS

2026 0€ 0€

8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 € 8.000 €

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ENHANCING THE COMFORT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT STATIONS STRATEGY D Providing infrastructures for a sustainable transportation SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Increasing use of soft mobility and public transport

The action aims to enhance the utilization frequency and efficiency of public transport service, by making bus stops more comfortable.

Indeed, the quality of public transport stops could really encourage people to use buses. The bus stops should be equipped with seating, shelters, lighting system and electronic information systems giving real time updates about routes and traffic conditions.

The bus stop infrastructure should not be an obstacle for pedestrians walking on the sidewalks.

For this reason, sidewalks enlargements can be a suggested.

2

In Precotto several bus stops are not provided with any kind of infrastructure, besides poles and signs.

Six strategic bus stops have been identified where to place infrastructures. The bus stop infrastructure should not be an obstacle for pedestrians walking on the sidewalks. For this reason, sidewalks enlargements can be suggested.

BENEFITS:

1

3

4

6 5

•

A shelter for weather conditions

TIMELINE:

•

A place where to seat during the waiting

•

Real time updates about waiting and traffic.

•

Major visibility and safety

The request for the enlargement and the location of the bus stop infrastructure shall be done by the end of 2021.

THINGS TO DO: 1. Adding infrastructures in six bus stops 2. Enlarging sidewalks in three bus stops

TARGET: •

Public Transport Users

•

Local Inhabitants

110

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY: The action complies with the principles and strategies of the Urban Plan For Sustainable Mobility Of The Municipality Of Milan - PUMS Piano Urbano Della Mobilità Sostenibile 2018 and the Urban Plan For Sustainable Mobility Of The Metropolitan City Of Milan, recently approved.

1

2

RUCELLAI 37

PIVACCO 3

3

4

GUANELLA 16

CISLAGHI 41

5

6

MARIANI 4

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1.

Shelters

IGP Decaux is a company leading in the out of home communication sector. The company provides a wide range of services including the provision of bus stop infrastructure for ATM.

2.

Sidewalk enlargement

THINGS TO DO

ACTORS

Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) is the municipal public transport company operating in Milan and many other surroundings municipalities.

Municipio 2 makes a request to ATM for the bus stop infrastructures.

ATM places the shelters, in partnership with IGP Decaux.

IGP Decaux pays the cost of shelters which it then recovers through advertising.

BUS STOP INFRASTRACTURE Capital Expenditure

Six Bus Stop Infrastructure Enlargement of Three Sidewalks Operating Expenditure

Bus Stop Infrastructure Maintenance Total 112

Municipio 2 arranges the enlargement of sidewalks.

The sidewalks enlargement is paid by the Municipality since it is an expenditure on urban décor.

Adverstising €€€

2021 48.000 € 30.000 €

2022 0€ 0€

2023 0€ 0€

2024 0€ 0€

2025 0€ 0€

2026 0€ 0€

5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 83.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 € 5.000 €

HOW TO DO IT

COSTS & FUNDINGS

PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SHARED MODALITY OF TRANSPORTATION STRATEGY D Providing infrastructures for a sustainable transportation SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Increasing use of soft mobility and public transport

In order to discourage the use of private cars, it should enhance the offer of sustainable mobility, namely electric vehicles and shared devices.

Although the sector of shared and soft mobility is mainly run by private players, except for Bikemi, the municipality of Milan has to sustain private initiatives, contributing to creating a safe environment and providing infrastructure.

The areas of interventions are two: Piazza Precotto and Greco Pirelli Railway Station.

RELATION WITH EXISTING POLICY: The action complies with the principles and strategies of the Urban Plan For Sustainable Mobility Of The Municipality Of Milan - PUMS - Piano Urbano Della Mobilità Sostenibile 2018 and the Urban Plan For Sustainable Mobility Of The Metropolitan City Of Milan, recently approved.

BENEFITS: •

Environmental benefits

•

health benefits

•

Less cars parked.

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GRECO PIRELLI RAILWAY STATION The space selected is in front of the Scalo Greco Station and the underpass for Bicocca. The square is in a strategic position also due to the

BIKEMI STATION

fact that it is at the crossroad between Via Breda and Via Rucellai, two important axes of the neighborhood.

BikeMi is the bike sharing offered by the Milan Municipality. It is mainly used for short distances, also thanks to the fact that it is well integrated with the public transport. Nowadays the service is not offered in Precotto.

Two strategic positions have been selected for the location of the service: the train station Greco Pirelli and the

PIAZZA

GRECO PIRELLI RAILWAY STATION

CHARGING STATION Among the offer of sharing mobility devices there is also the possibility of renting electric motorcycles. Indeed, this service, provided by several companies, is spreading in the city of Milan and it is more and more common to come across a motorcycle. The service is like the electric scooter’s one, with a free-floating approach, and the devices are regularly collected and 114

charged in a specific place. In addition, more and more people choose to buy a private electric motorcycle to reduce footprints and costs.

Therefore, a system of charging points dedicated to motorcycle should be implemented. The station is a universal charging station for most sharing-approved scooter models, thus it can be used by private users too.

PIAZZA PRECOTTO This space is next to the Underground M1 station Precotto. It is at the crossroad between Viale Monza, Via Rucellai and Via Cislaghi. The sidewalk on the left side, at the entrance of the

underground M1 Precotto station. The use of bike could cut the distances in the area. For example it takes 15 minutes by walk to reach the underground station from the train station, while it is just 5 minutes by bike.

Business Center, is so ample to host motorcycle and bicycles. Furthermore, several commercial activities, two banks and various offices are located in the surroundings, making that corner vibrant and crowded.

BIKEMI STATION

A PRECOTTO

E-SCOOTERS PARKING Several e-scooter companies offer their services in the city of Milan, but all of them work with a free-floating approach: the use of the scooter is not bound by charging stations and can be parked freely within the service area. This often leads to devices abandoned in positions that are not allowed and not safe for pedestrians.

According to the Italian legislative framework

municipalities must identify specific areas where the e-scooters can be parked and charged.

Therefore, some infrastructures where to park and charge the scooters should be provided. In Precotto, a e-scooter rack could be place in front of the train station.

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Clear Channel is a leading media company in the Out of Home sector.

The company manages the bikemi service in partnership with ATM and Comune di Milano.

Atm Bike tract with

BIKEMI

Municipio 2 makes quests for new Bikemi tions to Atm.

E-SCOOTERS KNOT is a company which design, produce and install docking stations for scooters.

Knot asks for the permission for the instalment of the e-scooter dock on public land. The company is also responsible of the positioning operations and the maintenance.

CHARGING STATIONS Enel X is the global business line of Enel Group leading the energy transformation all over the world. The company offers a wide range of services with the aim of enhance growth and progress.

116

Knot the c dock ment main The make the se

Enel x asks to the mission for the in infrastructure on pany is also resp operations and th

Clear Channel pays the costs of maintenance which it then recovers through advertising.

Adverstising €€€

emi makes a conh Clear Channel.

ATM buys the bikes and the bike rack to Clear Channel. resta-

t will cover costs of the k, the installt and the ntenance. company es profit by ervice.

SHARED MODALITY OF TRANSPORTATION Capital Expenditure

2021

Two Bikemi Stations E-scooter Station

E-motorcycle Charging Point Administrative Costs Operating Expenditure

2023

2024

2025

2026

80.000 €

0€

0€

0€

0€

0€

6.000 € 100 €

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

0€ 0€

3.000 €

E-scooter Station Maintenance E-motorcycle Charging Point Maintenance COSAP Total

2022

0€

0€

0€

0€

0€

15.000 € 15.000 € 15.000 € 15.000 € 15.000 € 15.000 € 12.000 € 12.000 € 12.000 € 12.000 € 12.000 € 12.000 € 225 € 225 € 225 € 225 € 225 € 225 €

116.325 € 27.225 € 27.225 € 27.225 € 27.225 € 27.225 €

Users €€€

e Municipality for the pernstalment of the charging n the sidewalk. The componsible of the positioning he maintenance.

Users €€€

Enel X pays the installment costs and the maintenance.

The company makes profit from the service.

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STRATEGY E Connecting places through pedestrian path

The action aims to create pedestrian corridors connecting the system of public spaces within Precotto. The itineraries in this first phase are three.

SHORT TERM OUTCOME: Achievement of pleasent walkable corridors

ITINERARY 1 – THE ARTERY Viale Monza, the main axes of the neighborhood, in the direction North - South. It is a trafficked street where a bike lane was recently added. Here the aims are to enhance the quality of the green space in the traffic island and to add informative panels for cyclists with distances. In a second phase the street shall be the object of a major refurbishment intervention, following the example of Viale Padova.

ITINERARY 2 – THE GREEN CORRIDOR This corridor starts from Via Gilardi, where also some greening intervention in the framework of action 1 will take place; it continues along the tramways with the aim to make it more green and safer for pedestrians; then it crosses Viale Monza and it continues in Passeggiata Egidio Vergani, a

pedestrian area. It creates a direct link between the west barrier, Via Breda, and the east one, Via Tremelloni, and it connects three parks: Parco Tremelloni, Parco Gilardi and the Carnovali green area. The main file rouge of this corridor is greening.

ITINERA

RY 2 –

118

THE GR

EEN CO

RRIDOR

VIA GILARDI - TRAM STOP

CREATING A PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR

E ARTER

Y

VIALE MONZA

TRAMWAY RY 1: TH ITINERA

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VIA RUCELLAI

RY 3

RA TINE

I

ITINERARY 3 – THE HISTORICAL AXIS This itinerary runs along Via Rucellai and via Cislaghi, reinforcing the ancient axis of the village.

Along this corridor some important historical monuments are located and the corridor aims to connect them and to highlight their values. While in Viale Monza the rhythm of movement is hectic and rapid, this corridor shall be transformed in a peaceful path, with areas where to rest.

Furthermore some panels with information about the monuments and with distances and maps should be placed.

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– TH

IS

L AX

RICA

STO E HI

VIA RU

VIA CISLIAGHI

UCELLAI

VIA CISLIAGHI

VIA CISLIAGHI

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BENEFITS FOR THE INHABITANTS:

THINGS TO DO:

•

Proposing a new vision of the use of streets;

•

Convenient for businesses facing the corridors;

1. Informative panels to build a narrative of the place;

•

Supporting active and healthy lifestyles;

•

Offering opportunities of social interaction and engagement;

•

Bringing to light the historical roots of the neighborhood

2. Vases with flowers and trees; 3. Informative signs with distances and maps;

INFORMATIVE PANELS

FLOWERS AND TREES

The municipality of Milan could apply to the Programme ‘CityWalk’ promoted by the European Regional Development Fund. The project would implement the pilot actions in the itineraries aforementioned and than, after a period of experimentation, it would evaluate the success of the intervention.

The estimated cost is 300’000 € and it would be financed partly by the Municipality and partly by the European Regional Development Fund.

12 2

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF GREEN AREAS DESIGNING PLAYSTREETS CONNECTING AND INVOLVING LOCAL ACTORS BRIDGING THE INNESTO PROJECT WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD ACTIVATING SPACES CURRENTLY USED FOR PARKING ENHANCING THE COMFORT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT STATIONS PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SHARED MODALITY OF TRANSPORTATION CREATING A PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR

ACTION

2021

2023

2024

2026

40.000 €

40.000 €

35.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.000 €

10.000 €

10.000 €

10.000 €

10.000 €

10.000 €

118.600 €

46.000 €

46.000 €

2.008.000 €

8.000 €

8.000 €

83.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

5.000 €

116.325 €

27.225 €

27.225 €

27.225 €

27.225 €

27.225 €

300.000 €

20.000 €

20.000 €

-

-

-

2.090.225 €

90.225 €

50.225 €

787.575 €

153.225 €

153.225 €

40.000 €

2025

101.650 €

-

TOTAL

2022

40.000 €

-

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Second phase: guidelines 1

THE ENGAGEMENT OF LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS AND ACTORS SHOULD BE SELF-REINFORCING.

Following up on ACTION 3 - CONNECTING AND INVOLVING LOCAL ACTORS: the union of associations should become more and more efficient and established, through a process of trial and error. Furthermore the network should try to engage as many entities as possible, involving private citizens as well.

3

EXTEND THE NETWORK OF WALKABLE CORRIDORS.

Following ACTION 8 CREATING A PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR, the Municipality should put in place more drastic interventions on the area, introducing areas with limited speed (30 km/h) and pedestrian corridors.

124

ACTIVATE PARTICIPATIVE PROCESSES

2 TO BETTER DEFINE THE DEMAND FOR SOCIAL SPACES.

The union activated in ACTION 3 - CONNECTING AND INVOLVING LOCAL ACTORS should trigger participative processes, build on the use of public spaces created in phase 1 to make people and institutions realize the importance of these spaces and the need for other typologies of community spaces, especially focusing on themes of culture and entertainment e.g. libraries, multifunctional spaces.

4

NEW REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENTS SHOULD BE PLANNED AS AFFORDABLE AND INCLUSIVE THROUGH PROGRAMS OF SOCIAL HOUSING AND COHOUSING.

Considering the current trends of the neighborhood, the municipality, together with the Union of associations, should focus on guaranteeing as much as affordability, inclusivity as possible. Therefore, some criteria in the real estate developments should be followed: •

A quota of apartments could be at market price;

•

A quota of apartments could be at “canone concordato” according to the rules and in line with the policy of the municipality of Milan with a

5

specific attention towards youngs under 35 years old; •

A quota of apartments should be reserved to specific categories, in particular to elderly living in cohousing;

•

A quota of apartments could be offered as “rent to buy” to make younger people stay in the neighborhood to compensate for the ageing of the population, unlike innesto where the priority is for temporary use. * “rent to buy” is a form of rent where after a certain period of time the tenant and the renter could agree upon the selling of the apartment, discounting from the total value the monthly fees paid by the tenant.

EVERY NEW DEVELOPMENT SHOULD INCLUDE NEW GREEN FEATURES AND SPACES,

In compliance with the PGT Milano 2030 ( Art. 10 and Art. 15 Piano delle Regole) the interventions of refurbishment with demolition and the interventions of construction must aspire to energy efficiency and environmental benefits. The new development should maximise the permeability surfaces and should have terraces, rooftops and green walls. Furthermore the green spaces should be as accessible as possible.

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6

ENSURE THAT A PORTION OF THE RE-DEVELOPED SPACES WILL BE DESTINED TO CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS WITH THE CREATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES ACCESSIBLE TO ALL.

In the new residential developments the constructor must guarantee a portion of the building, preferably at the ground floor, to social, cultural and aggregative functions. The spaces could be diverse and could have different functions for instance: a reading room for the inhabitants, a space where kids can play together, a room for parties and events, a study room, or an association hub. The Municipality should give incentives to constructor, in terms of the quantity of meters to be built.

7

NEW SPACES SHOULD PROVIDE GROUND FLOOR USES AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES.

All the redevelopment of houses and the new constructions must have ground floor uses. These spaces could be rented or sold for retail uses, or they could be used for cultural and social function by associations or by the owners of the apartments in the buildings or they could have public uses.

126

8

ENSURE THAT THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOSTER INCLUSIVITY AND SOCIALITY BY PROVIDING OPEN SPACES AND COURTYARDS.

The new constructions and the redevelopments should be designed with shared, accessible, open spaces to foster sociality. An example of optimum design model is the courtyard: its shapes enable a great quantity of sunlight to enter in the apartments and the natural ventilation has cooling effects.

Furthermore the common spaces inside the courtyards are a perfect space where to relax, exercising, having outdoor activities and a good place for children to play in.

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7

5

3

128

7

0

0.25

5 4

0.5 KM

6

7 8

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5. FINAL CRITICAL LEARNINGS

This section summarizes the work on the topic of the 15 minutes city in relation to the Milanese neighborhood of Precotto.

A critical reflection on the implications and the meanings of the pursuit of the 15 minutes city vision in this context is proposed. Finally, a concluding chapter proposes a synopsis of the analytical, interpretational and planning aspects of the project.

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Critical learnings Recently the concept of 15 minutes city has gained increasing importance in the debate over the future of cities. Several reasons for supporting the concept of proximity were already established, such as environment preservation and climate change, sustainable lifestyles, efficiency and public health. In the past months, characterized by a pandemic, proximity has been experienced as a constraint; this exacerbated the pros and cons of 15 minutes cities, posing them to public attention.

The presence or absence of certain typologies of services and spaces within walking distance truly affected the quality of life of inhabitants marking inequalities within cities. Among the welfare themes that emerged to be essential there are education, healthcare, social and administrative services, green spaces, entertainment and culture, work and commerce. Furthermore, neighborhood spaces and services need to be inclusive and accessible to all categories of residents and users, in order to offset the aforementioned inequalities.

The presence of the indicated elements is a necessary condition, but it is not sufficient for the achievement of a 15 minutes city: a sense of community and solidarity within the neighborhood is also needed. This represents the first step towards urban density, cohabitation and inclusion, and it can be fostered through the creation of aggregational and community spaces.

The concept of a 15 minutes city entails a risk of considering neighborhoods as islands.

Instead, integration and connectivity between neighborhoods are to be targets of investments and developments. Cities cannot be merely limited to the local neighborhood life, otherwise they would lose the diversity and dynamicity that characterizes them as cities. The economic and geographical concepts of functional specialization and agglomeration economies will continue creating flows within and across cities. An array of scholars has argued on concepts as the ‘end of geography’ (O’Brien, 1992), the ‘death of distance’ (Cairncross, 1997) and the ‘World is Flat’ (Friedman, 2005), coming to the conclusion that 13 2

spaces and locations still matter, maybe more than ever before.

As for other concepts within the field of urban planning, visions for 15 minutes cities are indeed place based, and their replication across cities, countries and continents is not necessarily a recipe for success. Every urbanity presents different characteristics, cultures and heritage; it is unwise to generalize and propose the same vision in urban contexts scattered around the globe. Rather than a thorough methodological approach and application of the concept, it would be fruitful to take it as a starting point and adapt it to the local morphology and features, with efforts in creativity and trial and error processes.

In the process of design of 15 minutes cities, it is unavoidable that conflicts between different dimensions and scales of governance, different competences of local entities and different degrees of public and private. In this complex network of conflicts, policy makers have to use at best the tools they own in order to achieve innovations and changes for the better. It is inevitable that certain functions will hold hierarchical structures, maintaining a supra-local interest and leading to decisions to be taken within these interests. The duty of policy makers is to include these realities within an integrated and coordinated decisional process, carrying out negotiations and discussions with all stakeholders.

In general, the development of visions of 15 minutes cities cannot be designed for one neighborhood, but it has to include in a complementary way policies and plans for areas connected with the neighborhood. Interventions on one neighborhood can have repercussions, positive or negative, on connected realities, not necessarily close in spatial terms. For instance, Precotto is reached by a high daily number of commuters, coming from inside and outside the city of Milan. Interventions on the realm of mobility, as the reduction of parking spaces, might have the outcome of moving the issues somewhere else, such as in surrounding districts or in towns of the metropolitan area. Therefore, a more integrated vision, involving wider spatial scales, has to be developed as complementary to 15-minute cities.

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13 4

Conclusions Working on the periphery of Milan, the central aspect of the project was a study of the concept of a 15 minutes city in relation with the neighborhood of Precotto. From a thorough analysis it emerged that the neighborhood can almost be considered a 15 minutes city. This is related to the local presence of essential services, availability of public and green spaces, a high degree of urban density and social and demographic diversity as well as diversity concerning commerce and workforce.

However, with the perception of an efficient neighborhood, it also emerged a lack in pleasantness and attractivity of public spaces and no presence of public cultural facilities and socialising spaces, a shortfall of local engagement of actors and networks, an ongoing loss of identity and local perceptions and a low degree of walkability.

The analysis led to an interpretation of Precotto extending over different and complementary scales. A smaller spatial scale concerns the neighborhood in 15 minutes, while a larger scale inserts it in a 15 minutes network in relation with its surroundings. Finally, a temporal scale engages with the future of Precotto and its development in a spectrum of 15 years, given the current trends and ongoing projects characterizing it.

On the basis of the interpretation above mentioned, five different strategies have been proposed, covering phases of short and long terms. The first strategy aims to make the available public spaces in Precotto more pleasant and comfortable, while the goal of the second strategy is to strengthen community engagement supporting the creation of a union of associations and prepare a fertile ground for the development of the adjacent Innesto project. The third strategy focuses on the gradual re-appropriation of selected public and semi private spaces currently used as parking with the goal of making them available to different uses and functions. The fourth and the fifth strategies are related to a network scale and they intend to facilitate connections among neighborhoods disencouraging the use of private cars. The last strategy tries to assess some of the future challenges that the neighborhood will face, proposing guidelines to be followed in order to ensure a sustainable and inclusive 15 minutes city in the future.

The final outcome pursued by the neighborhood plan is a pleasant and attractive neighborhood, with a strong sense of community and with cultural and social spaces. Precotto shall be interconnected with the surroundings in order to ensure an efficient and sustainable transportation system. Lastly, the neighborhood should remain affordable and inclusive.

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140