Cologno Sud: from 8h to 24h city by UPDStudio

Neighborhood plans for the 15-MIN CITY

Cologno Sud From 8h to 24h city Group 1

Beatrice Massironi Sadaf Yazdani Thomas Jean Raymond Lucaora Vicente Sisla Zeron Yang Yu

Master Degree in Urban Planning and Policy Design

Urban Policies Design Studio 2020-2021 Prof. Antonella Bruzzese, Prof. Alessandro Coppola Tutors: Valentina Brambilla, Lorenzo De Vidovich, Antonio Jose Salvador 31

Table of contents

Analysing The 15-min Concept

I.1 A General Framework of The Area Demographic analysis Land uses Transportation system Borders and boundaries Green and blue infrastructure Services and attractors Density of daily services by population category Conclusion of the analysis

I.2 Selection of Areas Crescenzago Neighborhood San felice Neighborhood Centrale Neighborhood

I.3 Conclusion

Understanding The Cologno Monseze

II.1 Presentation of Cologno Monseze Demographic analysis What do they say about us?

II.2 Main Thematic Focus

III

15 minutes city III.1 What is a 15-minute City? III.2 Social Issues as a Leading Tool Living Working and moving around Supplying Caring Learning Enjoying

47 48 50

Defining the Problem

IV.1 Problems definition 1st problem: Dormitorio 2nd problem: Isolation 3rd Problem: Quality of green and open space

From an 8-hour city to a 24-hour city V.1 Concept- from 8h to 24h city

87 89

The Strategy VI.1 Definition: One City, Three objectives

91 92

The Project

VII.1 The Overview: 3 objectives, 3 projects General description of all projects Spatialization of the projects

V VI VII

VII.2 Bike Cologno

100

VII.3 Right to Cologno

110

VII.4 7 Wonders linear park

122

VII.5 Torriani Community Market

134

VIII

VIII- Feasibility Economic Technical Political

147

154

VIII.2 Conclusion

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

ANALYSING THE 15-min CONCEPT

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1 General framework of the area “Walking has three dimensions. The first is practical dimension. It is easy to get somewhere by a walk when the distance is short. The second impact is the social dimension. Meeting with other people increases social cohesion. Old cities had the central square. In fact, the evening walk around square has a social dimension. The third impact of walking is health impact.” This quote by Zdena Dobesova taken from the book “Walkability Index in the Urban Planning: A Case Study in Olomouc City” is the starting point of an analysis of the walkability and of the mobility system, in particular the soft one, and of the perception of the surrounding environment for the people who live there and who live it every day.

most densely populated regions of northern Italy and of Italy in general. This high population density is certainly a value for the development of a 15 minutes city and consequently of a good walkability. Some analyzes have been carried out on the entire area to better understand its morphology and its functioning. Other, more in-depth analyzes have been carried out on smaller areas chosen as an example of some recurring situations in which situations occur and different landscapes are created. For each segment, the elements mentioned above are taken into consideration, which are the basis of walkability: the practical, social and health dimensions.

The three dimensions of walkability mentioned above are the basis of the analyzes that will be presented below: the practical dimension, i.e. the presence or absence of some elements such as sidewalks, lighting, pedestrian crossings, trees and green areas. The social dimension has to do with the services that those who move in the area can reach and also with sociality and social cohesion. The last impact is that on health in fact many researches show how people who manage to remain active even when they are elderly live longer and healthier lives, moreover in car-dependent communities, it is easier for the population to develop pathologies related to the absence or the lack of physical activity such as overweight and obesity. In the context of a 15 minutes city, walkability is an important element to ensure that people can reach all the necessary services, indispensable and not, even without using means of transport and being able to walk in a welcoming and safe environment. The area under analysis includes an opening of the Milanese territory, municipalities 1 and 2, the municipality of Sesto San Giovanni, the municipality of Vimodrone, the municipality of Cologno Monzese and that of Segrate. We are located in Lombardy, which is one of the 8

On the next page, framing map of the area under analysis

Sesto S. Giovanni

Cologno Monzese

11.7 km2

8.4 km2

Municipio 2

Vimodrone

12.6 km2

4.8 km2

Municipio 3

Segrate

14.3 km

17 km2

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

1.1 Demographic analysis With this demographic analysi we first analyzed the population density for each area, i.e. Municipalities 2 and 3 of the municipality of Milan divided into NIL, nuclei of local identity, and the other municipalities such as Sesto San Giovanni, Cologno Monzese, Vimodrone and Segrate. The density analysi is very useful for the purposes of 15 minutes city because it gives us the idea of how many people actually live in a certain place and consequently how many and what services would be required. We can see how the lower density is found on the outskirts of the municipality of Segrate while the closer you get to the center of the city of Milan, the higher the density also gradually become.

The second part of this analysis deals with the data relating to the different age groups in each section, also this type of analysi is linked to the theme of walkability, always for the type of services that a certain class of population needs. To do this, in addition to the total population of each section, the percentages relating to each part of the population divided into: Children 0-5 years, minors 0-17 years, adults 18-34 years, seniors over 65 and finally, older people over 85 years old. We can see that in most areas the highest percentage of the population is represented by people over 65 years of age.

On this page, top Percentage of Population Charts On this page, bottom Population density map

NIL 10 : CENTRALE

NIL 18 : PARCO LAMBRO

NIL 23 : LAMBRATE

residens: 18.546

residens: 19.546

residens: 11.319

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

4,9% 14,0% 21,0% 20,7% 3,3%

4,6% 14,4% 16,0% 29,3% 5,5%

NIL 12 : MACIACHINI

NIL 19 : PADOVA

residens: 26.192

residens: 37.082

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,1% 15,5% 17,9% 24,0% 4,2%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

6,6% 17,1% 18,7% 19,7% 3,7%

SESTO SAN GIOVANNI

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 81.706

5,5% 14,7% 19,3% 22,2% 3,7%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

3,9% 17,3% 21,1% 24,9% 4,2%

NIL 13 : GRECO

NIL 20 : LORETO

COLOGNO MONZESE

residens: 29.209

residens: 44.863

residens: 47.000

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,6% 15,6% 18,1% 22,6% 4,3%

NIL 16 : VLE MONZA

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 18.546

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,9% 15,6% 18,4% 22,7% 3,1%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,5% 14,5% 22,2% 17,9% 2,8%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

5,0% 15,0% 17,7% 23,3% 3,8%

residens: 36.232

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

15,4%

22,2% 24,2% 3,4%

residens: 16.856

residens: 16.947

1,7%

17,8%

residens: 61.891

prevalent use of land: residential

20,3%

4,1%

VIMODRONE

NIL 22 : CITTA’ STUDI

19,3%

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

NIL 21 : BUENOS AIRES

NIL 17 : ADRIANO

6,7%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

4,3% 18,8% 20,9% 22,4% 3,1%

SEGRATE

prevalent use of land: residential residens: 35.597

4,8% 13,7% 17,7% 25,3% 4,8%

prevalent use of land: residential

0-5 yr. 0-17yr. 18-34 yr 65+ 85+

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

4,1% 19,3% 19,6% 24,0% 3,4%

Land uses

On this page, bottom Legend of the Land uses mao from DUSAF

On this page, top Land uses map based on DUSAF Phostos: google maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Transportation system

LEGEND Pedestrian paths 3/11/2021

Cycle paths

33 Via Luciano Lama - Google Maps

BikeMi parking 33 Via L uciano Lama Bike parking

Sest o San Gio vanni, Lombar dy

Via Luciano Lama

Google

Image captur e: Sep 2020

Cologno Monzese

Street View

On this page, bottom Pedestrian routes map

Via Conte Rosso

Via Edmondo de Amicis

Photos: Google Maps

M2 M1 M2 M1

M1 M1

M1 M3

M3 M2

M2 M2

LEGEND Train lines Train station

Metro lines

Metro stations Tram lines Bus lines Bus stops Public parking lots Public interchange parking lots

Metro line - Sesto 1° Maggio FS

metro line - Cologno Nord

On this page, top Map of public transport and accessibility Photos: Google Maps, Milano website

Tram line - Ortica

Bus line - SP103

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Borders and boundaries

Infrastructural Boundaries

Railway Highway and Expressway Transportation buffer zone Crossing Points (Zebra Crossing) Crossing Points (Overpass, Underpass)

On this page, top Map of the bounderies Photos: google maps

Green and blue infreastucture

On this page, top Map of the green areas Photos: google maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Services and

Educational services

Cultural services

Kindergarten Primary schools

Theaters Cinemas

Elementary schools

Museums

High Schools

Libraries

Universities

Cultural and art associations Religious facilities

Commercial Facilities Mall Market Supermarket

Health Facilties Hospital 18

d Attractors

Administrativ facilities Post offices City hall Police station

Green spaces parks garden Dog parks

Leisure services Sports facilities Playground urban squares Swimming areas NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

administrative

commercial

City halls (15 minutes walking)

Markets (15 minutes walking)

Police offices (15 minutes walking)

Supermarkets (15 minutes walking)

leisure

Playgrounds (15 minutes

Sport facilities (15 minu

health

Post offices (15 minutes walking) 20

Pharmacies(15 minutes walking)

Urban suares (15 minu

educational

walking)

green spaces

Elementary schools (15 minutes walking)

Dog parks (15 minutes walking)

utes walking)

Nurseries (15 minutes walking)

Gardens (15 minutes walking)

utes walking)

Primary schools (15 minutes walking)

Parks (15 minutes walking) NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Density of daily services by population category What is the goal? To identify the quality of daily services offered to the people according to their place of life and their age. What type of population are being studied? They are childrens, adults and elders. Method: Determine the daily services most useful to each category Map those services on the territory 3) Create isochrones for each service using the ORS tool 4) Overlay the services related to each population 5) Analyze and identify service rich and service poor areas

Services for each category: Children: Schools Sport facilities Playgrounds Elders: Cultural services Shops Green spaces/Urban Squares Adults: Shops Sport facilities Administrative facilities

Elder (over 65 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones (15 minutes walking distance) Markets Supermarkets Malls Post offices Police offices

On this page, bottom Map of the density of services for elderly

Childrens (from 1 to 16 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones (15 minutes walking distance) Nurseries Preeschools Primary schools Elementary schools Playgrounds Sport facilities

On this page, top Map of the density of services for childrens On this page, bottom Map of the density of services foradults

Adults (from 18 to 64 years old) Study area Pedestrian circulation area

Isochrones Pharmacies Urban squares Markets

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

2 Selection of areas In the second part of our work we wanted to take as example some more specific areas to be more precise in the analyzes and to be able to observe the territory in greater in detail. From the previous analyzes we have deduced five areas with different characteristics that can later be searched in the whole area under analysis. The selected areas are: Central District, Crescenzago District, Sesto 1 and 2 districts in Sesto San Giovanni and San Felice district. CENTRALE NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen as an area in which a sort of 15 minutes city already exists due to the density and service conditions. It is located in an area near the center of Milan and close to the Centrale Station, which makes it very accessible and where the urban attention to the walkability aspect is also very high and can be seen from the width of the sidewalks and the pedestrian and closed spaces to the traffic. In addition, of course, to the very high number of shops along all the roads.

that today create an ugly landscape will soon be converted into a large center where different types of services will be found thus making the area potentially open to the development of walkability and less car-dependent SAN FELICE NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen as an example of an area where it is not possible to create walkability for the 15 minutes city. Although the urban landscape is pleasant for the inhabitants and is also equipped with pedestrian walkways surrounded by greenery, the first major problem is the lack of some essential services that are not present in the central block of the specially created district and due to its planning cannot be added later. Another negative note is its position, at the extreme east of the municipality of Segrate which leads it to have a very bad and poor accessibility as regards public transport.

CRESCENZAGO NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen because even if it is part of the milan municipality and the density and concentration of services are similar to those of the city center, it is a little more displaced and for this reason its accessibility is affected, especially through public transport. SESTO 2 NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen because although it is not part of the municipality of Milan and is actually located in the suburbs, it has a good concentration of services and a discrete accessibility, negative note are the unused and empty spaces that render the quality of the space and of the landscape worse than it could be. SESTO 1 NEIGHBORHOOD: it was chosen even if the optimal conditions for the development of a 15 minutes city do not exist, but from the plan forecasts, it can be seen how some vacant areas 24

On the next page, Map of the selected areas for the following analysis

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Crescenzago Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Not always Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? Close to the big roads Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? A few

STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossing sat each intersection? Yes

COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? Yes, along Via Padova mostly

LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Not always Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Just in an area

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

San Felice Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? Sometimes when the pedestrian uses the paths in the park to move STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes, mostly LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Yes Are there trees and plants that provide shade? Yes, principally the paths inside the parks

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? No Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? No COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? No, there is a cluster of shops in the centre of the neighbourhood

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Centrale Neighborhood SIDEWALK Is the sidewalk continuous? Yes Is the dimension of the sidewalk adequate? Yes Is there a buffer zone between pedestrians and moving vehicles? No STREET CROSSING Are there traffic lights nearby the crosswalks? No Are there zebra crossings at each intersection? Yes LIGHTING and TREES Is the sidewalk properly illuminated? Yes Are there trees and plants that provide shade? No

COMFORT Are there seats along the way to stop and rest and fountains? Yes Is there noise pollution? A little in a few hours of the day Are there vacant spaces and/or buildings? No COMMERCE Are there some shops along the street? Yes, especially along Via Vitruvio and Corso Buenos Aires

On this page, top Map of the services in the area On this page, bottom analysis of perception of the environment

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Conclusions The whole study area has been divided between 5 walkability categories, according to the areas previously presented. This classification considers the presence of all different services previously mapped, transport, buildings, vacant spaces, the size, quality and connectivity of sidewalks, the permeability of land uses, the residential densities, and the continuity of the urban tissue (or how isolated the areas might be).

are not well connected with the main city, but still constitute a continuous urban tissue. This part of the city is characterised, on one hand, by the presence of open, agricultural and green spaces, as well as areas related to the secondary sector, but still some considerable residential areas. On the other hand, there are not as many services and public transport. Because of these characteristics, they refrain from constituting 15-minute cities.

The limits of the classification areas are not exact, since the time and amount of work done did not allow for such a precise measurement. Also, some characteristics inside the same area might differ slightly since its classification considers a wide variety of aspects, all of them thought to be important for this final map.

The category 4 concerns the area to the north of Sesto San Giovanni, which is isolated by its surrounding vacant spaces. Some of these spaces are part of an ongoing redevelopment project, in the “ex Falck” area, which may be able to improve the offer of services and accessibility to public transport, and therefore constitute a 15-minute city that does not exist today.

Regarding the presence of services, this evaluation is based on the isochrones previously presented. These are made considering a 15-minute walking distance, after a careful mapping of all different kinds of services existent in the area. This mapping has helped correlate the presented analysis with the concept of the 15-minute city, and has also based the delimitation of the categories presented in this final map.

The category 5 regards two areas that can be considered “islands” in the city, in the sense that they have most of the services needed but are to a certain degree disconnected from the urban tissue.

The category 1 corresponds to the closer classification to 15-minute cities. These areas have a good supply of public transport, all the services needed on the resident’s daily life, are part of the main city core urban tissue, and therefore have lots of built area, and a good sidewalks network. This area is located southeast of the study area, closer to the city center. The category 2 represents areas that have, similarly to category 1, a continuous urban tissue, good supply of public transport and a good network of sidewalks, but lack a few services. This category is close to becoming a 15-minute city, but still needs some improvement so its residents do not need to commute to the other parts of the city to access the lacking services. The category 3 represents areas that have a good potentiality to constitute 15-minute cities. They 32

On the next page, resume map of the different zones of the area

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

UNDERSTANDING COLOGNO MONZESE

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Presentation of Cologno Monzese Cologno Monzese is an Italian town of 46 687 inhabitants in the metropolitan city of Milan in Lombardy. Since February 2017, the municipality is part of the Adda-Martesana area he origin of Cologno Monzese dates back to the 4th century, during the period of Roman colonization. Originally called Colonia super Lambrum as it was built on the left bank of the Lambro river, Cologno was a rural center of few inhabitants. The dominion of the Lombards, ideally begun when the Western Roman Empire fell, greatly influenced the organization of the territory. The ancient church of San Giuliano bears an inscription on the façade that traces the construction back to 599, in honor of Teodolinda, the queen of the Lombards. During the early Middle Ages Cologno became part of the Court of Monza, an ancient

clerical organization that was subordinate to the archdiocese of Milan. On 9 December 1866, when the royal decree was issued, the inhabited centers of Malnido (today San Maurizio al Lambro) and Bettolino Freddo, which had previously belonged to the municipality of Moncucco, were aggregated to Cologno. Subsequently, mainly due to internal immigration from Southern Italy, there was a very significant demographic growth which led to an increase in the resident population such that it was awarded the title of city. Today the migratory flows have changed, but they continue especially with the reception of immigrants. Until the seventies various industrial activities developed in the municipal area. In the eighties, a process of deindustrialisation began, which was partly replaced by activities related to

The coat of arms of Clogno Monzese represents its historyage

333 AD, Roman Colonia

One char was Bish of lo

On this page, top Title of the picture Sourc/author On this page, bottom Title of the picture Source/author

agricultural village in the imperial age

18th century a nese nobility

the tertiary sector, also favored by the extension of the Milanese underground, which in the area has three stations on line 2. According to ISTAT statistics, as of 1 January 2016, the foreign resident population in the municipality was 8 067 people, equal to 17% of the population. The nationalities most represented on the basis of their percentage of the total resident population were: Peru, Romania, Egypt, Albania, Ecuador The origin of Cologno Monzese dates back to 333 AD, in the late Roman era, and is linked to the phenomenon of Roman “colonization”. The name attests to its Roman origins, derives from the Latin “colonia”, or rather “colonia super Lambrum” because it stood to the left of the Lambro. From 1988 to 1990 the north wing of the Villa was renovated. The ground floor was occupied by the

Culture, Sport and Leisure offices, the Municipal Information Service and the Municipal Police. In 1992 the entire second floor and the new building in via Sormani became the seat of the Civic Library, which left the spaces in via Milano free for other municipal offices. Cologno is now considered a telecommunications hub of national importance. While the “internal” migratory wave of the 60-80s has settled, new important phenomena of mixing of cultures and populations coming mainly from countries of the global South, confirm the crucial position of Cologno in the metropolitan geopolitical chessboard. From “castrum” to point of intersection of migratory currents, from “colony” to telecommunications pole that makes evident the great potential of the metropolitan periphery.

e of the most important modern racters for the city of Cologno s Armando Brambilla, auxiliaryhop of Rome and titular bishop omnium

arrival of the Mila-

Cologno is now considered a telecommunications hub of national importance.

1960-70, important infrastructures arise the East ring road and the Metro line 2

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Demogrphic analysis Cologno Sud is not an isolated city. There is an important metro line that leads to the center and important areas of Milan, and the population of Cologno Monzese largely benefits from this, as expected. According to Istat (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), the ratio of people that daily leave Cologno over the ones that come into it to work, study, among many other things, including shopping and leisure activities, is very high. Much higher than the average out-of-city daily commuting ratio at the regional and national level. In this regard, it can be said that Cologno has a high dependency on Milan for daily activities. While it is a good thing that access to Milan is easy, the adult population is the one that benefits from this the most. And while the overall resident population is decreasing, from 51,343 in 1991 to 45,786 in 2011, the old and young population share in Cologno’s population are the ones that increase the most, while it can be concluded that the adult population is the one leading the overall decrease. In fact, the ratio of 75 years and older population over the total went from 3.7% in 1991 to 9.3% in 2011. At this point, it is important to highlight that the oldest and youngest population – children, in this case – does not have such high mobility possibilities as the adult population. The typical family structure in the city is also changing, with more young people living by themselves, and less young couples having children, pointing to a tendency of children population decreasing while young one’s increase. Also, the foreign population in Cologno Monzese is increasing drastically: the rate of foreigners by 1000 Italian residents went from 7.9 in 1991 to a whopping 134.8 in 2011! These foreigners are becoming better and better integrated in the city, though: the occupation index of Italians over foreigners went from 87.5% to 72.9% between 1991 and 2011, indicating that foreigners occupy more and more jobs. Also, the school frequency level among foreign children went from 24.7% to 51.2% in the same period. In recent years, the number of foreign children in schools actually overpassed the number of Italian ones, going from a ratio of 157.6% Italians over foreigners in 1991 to 75.2% in 2011. 38

After analyzing these demographic tendencies, we arrived at the conclusion that there are three main demographic groups that deserve the main focus of our proposals, given their tendency of relative growth, and their particularities: the young, the old, and the foreigners . Our proposals, then, involve giving an alternative to the population, and especially these groups, to be able to conduct their daily activities in Cologno Monzese itself, instead of going to Milan for most of their ordinary activities. This, besides, eliminating unnecessary commutes and lessening the demand on the metro infrastructure, is expected to contribute to strengthening active mobility – since trips will be shorter, and quality infrastructure for it will be provided – and to strengthen Cologno Monzese as a centrality, working as a secondary pole of attraction for working, shopping and leisure activities, including night life for the young population. Despite these specific demographic groups’ growth, it is important to reiterate that the overall population in Cologno is decreasing significantly, and in this case, shrinkage could turn into a big issue. This problem is not related to housing though, as could be supposed: housing in the area is in a good state, with buildings in bad conservation state has decreased to only 0.9% in 2011; and there is no lack of housing offer. It could be said, in face of this, that the shrinkage issue is a problem of attractivity: people with lower income, typically the elderly and the young, possibly live in Cologno because it is cheaper than Milano. As soon as they have a higher income, though, it is more advantageous to move into the city center. Therefore, besides the attractivity proposals regarding the age groups already mentioned, it is needed to complement them by bringing more job offer to Cologno Monzese, which will be done through the creation of a co-working space, and by implementing policies seeking to improve the commercial establishments offer, which will also be stimulated by street redesigning. All source of data used in this analysis has been taken from Istat (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica).

Demographic trends:

Young and elders share of population increasing drastically

3.7% above 75 years old in 1991

Foreign population share increasing drastically

7.9 foreigners per 1000 italian residentsin 1991

Overal population decreasing

9.3% in 2011 134.8 in 2011

51,343 residents in 1991 to

45,786 in 2011

Potential shrinkage problem

Demographic focus groups:

Problem of attractivity: low-income population (elder and young) live in Cologno and move to Milano when they earn more (adults) Focus on three demographic groups: elders, young and foreigners

Proposals to increase attractivity, decreasing dependency on Milan, and allow the population to conduct their daily activities in Cologno

Working age population permanence, to avoid shrinkage Cologno as a secondary pole of attraction for working, shopping, leisure, and nightlife

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

“What do they say about us”

The next step should be to replicate the pattern seen in the previous pages based on a survey that reports the thoughts and perceptions of citizens. We thought that with this tool we could compare what we have analyzed and what the population perceives. We have therefore formulated the questionnaire in such a way as to be able to obtain answers that can be traced back to the themes of the scheme that we have shown previously. The questionnaire was sent to local associations and laurels so that they could share it with their

own operators and with the network of people around them. Unfortunately we have not had enough answers to be dealt with quantitatively and then produce a graph, but we have received suggestions as to what the people of Cologno Monzese think and what they would change about the city. Some of these answers are listed below. However, we think that people’s opinion is very important especially with regard to this issue and therefore we hope to be able to continue with this search for direct information.

“Dormitory city”

“I was born and out of affection and civic sense, I would like it to be administered with more attention both as regards the green, for integration and disability, for integration services, for the construction of shared territorial networks, with a view to of a participating and educating community. Then many other things but the list would be long”

“there are no large spaces for free time, not being a bar-goer !!”

On this page, Some quotes from survey responses On the next page, First page of the survay sent to the associations

TERTIARY SECTOR

INDUSTRIES

ETHNICITIES

SAN GIULIANO

CULTURAL HERITAGE

SERVICES VILLA CASATI CONVENIENCE SAINTS MARK AND GREGORY

SETTEMBRINI BASKETBALL COLOGNO

MEDIA CITY

RADIO ITALIA NATIONAL TV

HEADQUARTERS RTL BELONGING WELL-LINKED COMPANIES M2 LINE MERAK FILM

SOCIAL IDENTITY

TV STUDIO

FAST CONNECTION

701 , 702 , 707 , 709

ONLINE COMMUNITY

NIGHT LIFE

WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES

LOMBARDY

ALL-LEVEL EDUCATION

MINORITY

PARCO DELLE CAVE

SHOPS AND SERVICES

NORTHEST OF MILAN

MEDIASET

ENTERTAINMENT

RADIO BROADCASTERS

FC COLOGNO

PARCO MEDIA VALLE DEL LAMBRO

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

MAIN THEMATIC FOCUS In this part we have tried to summarize the work done by the different groups previously on various issues such as: urban welfare, commerce and nightlife, walkability and mobility system, socio demographic, production and work and local identities. By focusing our attention on the Cologno Monzese area. On the basis of the works analyzed, we have extrapolated for each of the fundamental criteria on which the analysis is based. We therefore built the SWOT analysis to better understand the area we were approaching and better understand its dynamics, potentials and criticalities. to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This is an infromal analysis, i.e. not aimed at the direct drafting of a project and therefore at identifying potentialities to be exploited and criticalities on which to focus the resolution, on the contrary this analysis was made for the greater and more in-depth knowledge of the area we are analyzing to then arrive at the definition of a project. We have identified several strengths such as education and therefore the good distribution of structures such as schools, sports facilities or health and care facilities. The densely built environment is made up of a high diversity of types of spatial organization, this includes that the panorama that is perceived is homogeneous at times and the difference between different areas is noted. Surely the main point in favor of this area, especially from the 15-minute city point of view, is the accessibility, which is a high pier, in fact there are three metro stations (Colgno Nord, Cologno Centro and Cologno Sud) which connects Cologno in Milan is a good bus line that complements the metro fast public transport line making it accessible from almost all parts of the city. To summarize the work carried out by the six macro-groups in the previous phase, we have identified for each theme some sub-themes or keywords that are relevant for each theme, with which to describe the general situation. For

example, for the Urban Welfare theme we have identified the themes of Sport, culture, education and health. For the theme Walkability and mobility system we have chosen the themes: cycle path, accessibility, services, perception, public transport, for the theme Commerce cultural offer and night life the themes chosen are: commerce offer, built environment, night life and services. Subsequently, as can be seen from the graphs on the next page, we assigned a value from 0 to 5 to each sub-theme depending on the positivity of the situation described by the relations of the various macro-groups, thus creating the graphical theme. The next step was to create the scheme up to here which aims to give an overall idea of the territory of Cologno Monzese on the basis of the arguments previously analyzed. As we can see the situation is quite balanced in the middle with a better situation regarding urban well-being, life in the city and worse regarding Commerce, culture and nightlife and Local Identities. We can therefore say that the territory has potential with regards to our goal of a 15 minutes city, but it lacks much of the attractiveness that attracts people to the city where they live instead of fostering dependence on other neighboring municipalities with more various types of services, in this case Milan. These seem to us to be good premises for starting to analyze the Cologno Monzese area more in depth in an optical transformation towards a 15-minute city. On this page, top Covers of the works of the first phase produced by the groups On the next page, Results first SWOT analysis

A. Urban welfare

5 4 3 2 1

C. Walkability and mobility system

D. Socio-dempograpic NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Urban welfare: for this theme we have chosen the indicators that in our opinion best represent the well-being of spaces and life in a city, the most lacking is culture.

Commerce, cultural offer and night ife: also for this theme the indicators try to give a picture of the theme and it emerges that the built environment is favorable but there is a scarcity of services

Walkability and mobility system: the situation of this issue is fairly balanced, accessibility is a very favorable point but the absence of services makes walkability difficult

Socio demogrphic: this situation required many more indicators than the others and therefore the situation is very heterogeneous with peaks of favorable sites such as density and opposite situations such as housing

Production and work: here too the situation is not well balanced, the environmental crisis is a very low point but job housing balance and innovation can be strengths

Local identities: the indicators that are more important such as sense of belonging or poles of attraction have a very low value and in general the theme is not a strong point for the city

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

III 15 MINUTES CITY

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

What is a 15 minutes city We have not found a univocal definition of 15 minute city and for this reason we have collected here the three that seem most effective to us, which we would like to use as a basis for the definition of our concept of 15 minutes city. All definitions have as a common and key element the fact of walkability and therefore of being able to move on foot in an interval of time comprised within fifteen minutes. Some refer only to this, others also take into consideration what you want to achieve by separating between services necessary for daily life and more common equipment for relaxation and free time. The basic concept is to get a more liveable city where the inhabitants can walk and therefore have everything they need within a reasonable walking distance for people of all ages. The different types of services may vary but we can say that the more differentiation we have in an area, compared to the basic necessities, the better the quality of life and the pleasantness with which people will prefer these neighborhood services rather than driving up to a furthest location. The keywords of these quotes are: short walk, living, working, supplying, caring, learning and enjoying and desires These quotes were used to formulate our definition which we will explain in the following pages.

“Donovan proposed remaking New York as a city of ‘15-minute neighborhoods’—where all residents live within a short walk of a good school, rapid transit, a place to buy fresh food, and a park.” Politico

“The concept is to improve quality of life by creating cities where everything a resident needs can be reached within a quarter of an hour by foot or bike. […] Each neighborhood should fulfil six social functions: living, working, supplying, caring, learning and enjoying.” BBC

The “15-minute city” may be defined as an ideal geography where most human needs and many desires are located within a travel distance of 15 minutes. Congress for the New Urbanism

These definitions are general and refer to large projects such as the recent one in Paris or Supermanzana in Barcelona. For example “La Ville des proximités” was the ambitious and innovative concept set out earlier this year by the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo. The goal is to create communities in which most of the basic needs of residents can be met in 15 minutes or less by bike or foot. At the same time, the COVID-19 epidemic and pandemic have completely changed citizens’ lifestyles, resulting in an urgent need for implementing a new system. The Barecellona project also exploits the high density of the city, while working on Cologno Monzese we found ourselves facing the problem of low density and the scarce presence of some services due to the strong dependence on nearby towns. At this stage of our research, the objective is to accumulate as much relevant data as possible in order to provide the most complete and adapted

answer possible. To be effectively exploitable, collecting data in a way that directly identifies gaps, weaknesses and opportunities is necessary. In this respect, we propose to analyze Cologno Sud from the definition of what a 15-minute city is or should be, i.e. under the prism of 6 dailybased fundamental characteristics. Based on several definitions, we have come to define a 15-minute city as a city that can perform 6 daily social functions, namely living, working, providing, caring, learning and enjoying.

« Learning » is linked to the quality, quantity

and security of access to the educational institutions present in the city, from the « scuola dell’infanzia » to the « liceo ». A quality provision ensures a daily presence of children and adolescents in the city, creating activity and life.

« Enjoying » is linked to the quantity, quality

and diversity of leisure spaces in the city, from green areas to sports centers, to relaxation and play areas. It is a fundamental component of the development of life in the neighborhood.

« Living »

is related to the perception of the urban environment, the degree of comfort, the feeling of safety and well being when moving within the city. Visual and physical perceptions come into play, related to buildings, streets and population density.

« Working »

is linked to the quality of the offer directly on site and the ease of access to work outside the 15-min city. The access to public transport and the quality of the network (bus, subway) to reach Milano’s city center or the surrounding cities, as well as the cycling offer are the determining factors.

«Supplying » is linked to the quality, quantity

and diversity of the food service offer as well as bars, restaurants and tobacco shops. The objective is to analyze the distribution of the offer in the city and to identify isolated and underserved areas.

We have therefore performed 6 complementary analyses, each based on one of the social functions. Each analysis is composed of an explanatory map, written analysis, photos and a brief evaluation of the strong and weak points. This subdivision allows us to go deeper and identify each lack and weakness in detail In conclusion, we propose a general explanatory map, blending all 6 social issues. We thus see the influence they have on each other in a general environment. Both these general and detailed studies will be the basis of our final SWOT, the so-called in-depth analysis of Cologno Sud, and which together with the first SWOT, the so-called superficial analysis of Cologno Sud, will enable us identify and define the problems.

« Caring » is linked to the quality, quantity and

variety of the offer of services related to health, the person and the community (associations, religions). This last dimension is essential to a 15-min neighborhood, where the exchanges of information and experiences are essential.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Social issues as a leading tool

«Enjoying»

is linked to the quantity, quality and diversity of leisure spaces in the city, from green areas to sports centers, to relaxation and play areas. It is a fundamental component of the development of life in the neighborhood.

« Learning » is linked to the quality,

quantity and security of access to the educational institutions present in the city, from the « scuola dell’infanzia » to the « liceo ». A quality provision ensures a daily presence of children and adolescents in the city, creating activity and life.

“A 15-min neighborhood is a neighborhood designed to improve the quality of life for its residents by providing short walks (15 minutes maximum) for the purpose of accomplishing six social functions: living, working, providing, caring, learning, and enjoying. “ Beatrice, Sadaf, Yang, Vicente & Thomas

« Working » is linked to the quality of

the offer directly on site and the ease of access to work outside the 15-min city. The access to public transport and the quality of the network (bus, subway) to reach Milano’s city center or the surrounding cities, as well as the cycling offer are the determining factors.

«Supplying »

is linked to the quality, quantity and diversity of the food service offer as well as bars, restaurants and tobacco shops. The objective is to analyze the distribution of the offer in the city and to identify isolated and underserved areas.

« Caring »

is linked to the quality, quantity and variety of the offer of services related to health, the person and the community (associations, religions). This last dimension is essential to a 15-min neighborhood, where the exchanges of information and experiences are essential.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

LIVING In this map you can see the residential areas in red and the productive ones in blue, the perception of the streets that are classified with different colors in the legend has been analyzed, to understand if in the residential areas it is pleasant to walk on the street. It is noted how the green buffers that contribute to a welcoming and pleasant environment are few and are concentrated in the western part of Cologno sud

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

High accessibility to the metro stations

No pedestrian only areas Too much underused space Too many fences streets

High Density

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3.1 Living - Perception

Co rso Viale

onte

Piem

Via

Ac h

ille

Gr an

Via M

etallin

Via Novara

Via Trento

tin ar ing K aM r Vi the Lu

Via I Maggio

As such, the perception we have of our environment shapes our well-being and our mood, and consequently favors interactions and the creation of a community, essential to a 15-minutes neighborhood.

Ro ma

Living is evolving in its environment. Although the covid has reshaped the definition of environment, often restricting it to the home, living is above all going out, meeting friends..., and this necessarily involves moving around the house.

On the previous page different cases of sidewalks On this page, perception of the different types of sidewalks

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

WORKING In this map for the work, in addition to the soil, the public transport lines have been inserted because the work can also be found outside of Cologno and it is necessary to reduce self-dependence that to go to the workplace you can take the subway and get there either by walking or by bus in a reasonable amount of time.

POSITIVE A lot of bridge between Vimodrone and Cologno Sud High accessibility to the metro stations A lot of parking around the metro

NEGATIVE Low quality of soft mobility to Vimodrone No bus lines to Vimodrone Few cycle lanes

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3.2 Working and moving around - Perception

Working is what gives rhythm to our daily lives and occupies most of our lives, that is why it is essential to consider it in a 15-min neighborhood.

Cologno Nord Station

Going to work is an essential part of the day and it is important to be able to get to work in the most pleasant way possible, often meaning in the shortest possible time. For that, the accessibility to transport and the efficiency of the offer are important, as well as the local offer of work.

Cologno Centro Station

Cologno Sud Station

Cascina Burrona Station

Vimodrone Station

Cologno Nord metro station

Cologno Sud metro station

Cologno Centro metro station

Vimodrone metro station

On the previous page picture of metro station, Source: Google Maps On this page, assesment about street and stations, Source of photos: Google Maps

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

SUPPLYING This map shows residential areas, shop windows and types of shops essential for everyday life such as supermarkets. It can be seen that the greatest concentration of shops, bars and shop windows are to the left of the subway and in correspondence with the densest residential areas. As you can see from the Heatmap at the top right, the concentration is not uniform and there are small centers of concentration.

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Strong offer in Cologno Centro and in the west of Cologno

Lack of offer in the east (some centralities but not enough)

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3.3 Supplying - Perception

Co rs

Via Ovidio

Without supplying, we do not eat and drink. To have the means to meet our needs, meaning having an accessible, varied and quality offer, is inherent to a 15-min neighborhood. Whether it’s supermarkets, markets, grocery stores or restaurants/bars, these elements are the backbone of a neighborhood.

Via Tintoretto

Viale Dall'Acqua

Via Trento

Via Giacomo Leopardi

Via Risorgimento

Via Pia ve

Cases

On the previous page, maps of the vacant ground floors

Perception

Restaurant and shops are available and open which leads to liveability in the neighborhood Via Santa Rita

On this page, assesment of the vacant shops

Viale Europa

Cologno Nord station

Vacant shops next to the shades of trees decrease feeling safe during night-time for pedestrians and residents.

Vacant shops in subsidiary streets not only affect on supplying system and make resident go far for providing daily needs but also affect liveability and interaction in the neighborhood

Cascina Burrona station

in the row of the daily shop along the streets, there are some unused

Via Milano

Viale Europa

existence of shops near the conjunctions especially in the subsidiary street would be useful in terms of accessibility in different directions, however, some of them have been leaving unused in the neighborhood.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

CARING This map shows the structures that can provide health care, in addition to those also the associations and religious institutions, which we believe are part of the sphere of care of a city. Here too, as before, the concentration is mainly adjacent to the densest residential areas. there is only one large cluster at that point and the rest of the rising area lacking this type of services.

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Religious facilities well dispatched Associations well dispatched

Lack of health facilities in the east

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3. 4 Caring - Perception

1.4 Actors

Caring for others is to belong to a community and volut facea dempostis neighborhood sitae volupta tquamus aecatem ut qui ut alit lam qui omnimil itEmis vollanduci difficultrehende to imagine a 15-min volorit laceperumque sam fuga. Ut quam hillorpore il itiunt ullesed et, to estiundae nes doloriat ullant et without a community, people at the eos porerio nsecte corro tem sit amwhere dolorun tiscid es non are exerum res res arcitat urepre vendesti il ipsam arci sae poiet lab ipsunt, testrum quati re aut estio maio. Nea exceste apiet ut estios esequiaspiet assim doloribus rem center. eosam aut isit et ue conem assi tes alitatem que odis quis sequi doluptium rendam invendio toribusciis ius nem That’s associations, centers help the elderly volessi mintiunto omnimet mollaboris autatis ditate atur autwhy quationsed ma qui asit, quaera que to repeliquis que consequae esectet ium entfacilities laccum enditat volo quiaestes and health arepeliquis the means to ensure that velloribus volupta tisquam hillorem audicto eossunt ipsum excestiatat optiur? Quia por ma faceptae expliatqui iligentes niaePudae ea suntiori adi the community lives well, in good mental and autem as ea volorehenis debitatem dolora dest alicit idi dit iur, sequiam incil eum dolorum antio is aria sint physical health. harum aliquo in eos sunt, secerectum ipicaborro essed alignat. maio volupta alia nonsedi am est dolor aciis el ium aliquid quuntem. Nam sum que volut qui restia quis non nis delestrum simil essim rem quae. Nemolene ea es re voloribus, as ut quam, core perfero bea ducium quia volest, que ad endelias dolori nonsecatem quodit omnis autempe rumendigniet et liti velit, ommolorecto dis dit, qui omnimus mi, ut aut abor alia as nos ipsapis

Bearum adis ulparume nume et pores sant, ium et disi dus, aut lam, susciur? Qui omni corepro tem. Fugiti ressimo luptur, ea voluptate oditatius, sam doles idem quoditio. Ut eturiti blaborum et volest exped ea demolore ipsunt, quiatem rescipsa.

Local Level 1

Municipal level 2

Over municipal level 12

On this page, list and logos of associations On the next page, maps of the location of the actors

13 14

On this page, top Title of the picture Sourc/author

8 25

On this page, bottom Title of the picture Source/author

10 18 1 7

4 5

1 A.C.F.A

7 I sassi di Betania

13 Ass. Alpini

2 AUSER

8 Ass. contrasti

14 Contatto

3 Crere Primavera

9 Ass. L. Perrone

15 Il Volo APS

4 Mondo Bambino

10 Solidale e democratica

16 Jiango be Africa

5 Circolo ACLI

11 L'arcobaleno

17 Oltre i confini

6 Con noi e dopo di noi

12 Unione samaritana

18 AMBA

19 Rete volontariato 20 Ass. VAAV 21 Ciessevi 22 Conf Commercio 23 Oratorio s.Maria 24 I.C V. Lombardia 25 Comuine Cologno

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

LEARNING This map shows, in addition to the re-residential areas, the main schools differentiated by grade and in blue the areas that can be reached on foot by walking for 5 minutes. The safety of road routes and pedestrian crossings near the schools was also analyzed. Overall, the situation is very positive with regard to education.

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Safety around the schools Quantity of the offer Good perception

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3.5 Learning - Perception

Learning is in the nature of man, but it is also and especially at the center of our system. Children go to school, where they grow, develop and make friends. It is important that 15-min nieghborhood has a sufficient and quality offer to ensure the good development of the children and to maintain the balance of the system.

Istituto Enrico Falck Professionale Di Stato Scuola Manzoni

Istituto Comprensivo A. Volta Scuola Media "G. Marconi"

On thisand previous page, assesment of the safety

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

ENJOYNIG This map shows the elements that can be useful for spending free time within the city. mainly green spaces and parks which are present in good number but as will be seen on the following page not all are in excellent condition. Leisure facilities and sport facilities are also present in good quantity and are often not within residential areas.

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

A lot of sport facilities close to the schools A lot of green spaces density areas

Quality of green spaces: No connection between green spaces

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

3.6 Enjoying - Perception

Enjoying, this contributes to being happy and loving life in the 15-min neighborhood. If this is a characteristic of everyone, some elements favor enjoying: green spaces, open spaces, sport facilities...The offer must be varied, adapted to all and especially accessible and of quality.

Parco Via Pasubio

Parco C33 Via della Chiesa

Parco di Via Volta

Parco di Cologno Monzese

Via Pasubio Park

Via Volta Park

Park of Cologno Monzese

Park C33 Via della Chiesa

On this and previous page, assesment of the green area

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

From what was made the SWOT ? This SWOT includes the results of the in-depth analysis of Cologno Sud following the tool of the 6 social issues, the demographic and historical study, the information coming from the inhabitants (survey, interview, social networks), as well as the elements coming from the analysis of the phase 1. Negative points to problem definition In particular, the SWOT highlights a polarization of services, a low quality of green spaces and a lack of open space, a lack of life, a lack of connection and cycling offers, or a low integration of foreigners and elderly people. 76

These shortcomings create a number of threats and risks that can lead to an amplification of the isolation of these groups through fear and prejudice (foreigners) or lack of solidarity (elderly), and amplify the feeling of a dormitory city by diminishing the prospects of daytime activities and nightlife. We therefore hold all the cards to properly define the problems inherent in South Cologno that prevent it from being a true 15-minute neighborhood, and thus be able to remedy them by exploiting the strengths and opportunities of the city

IV DEFINING THE PROBLEM

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

On this page : an empty city Ph Matt Gush Shutterstock. com

Problems definition a sense of belonging.

From the previous analysis done, a few problems have been identified in Cologno Sud, subsequently grouped into three main problems: the dormitory city, the dissociation, and the space fragmentation.

The second main problem is the dissociation. That means that Cologno Sud is dissociated within itself, and with its close neighborhoods. This can be attributed to the insufficient and disconnected bike infrastructure; to the insufficient connections with close neighborhood over the barriers that enclose the area – that is, the Tangenziale and the Naviglio Martesana; and to the lack of spaces of integration for the elderly and the foreign population.

The dormitory city is defined by the lack of attractivity in Cologno Sud. The origin of this problem can be partially attributed to the lack of poles of attraction in the city. Because of that, it is common for local inhabitants to go to Milan to work, run daily errands, and attend leisure activities, while Cologno’s main purpose is for local inhabitants to sleep, and nothing else.

The third main problem, the space fragmentation, is characterized by the green spaces that, despite their good quantity, lack a lot in quality. Also, leisure spaces are poor both in quantity and in quality. Together, green and leisure spaces are insufficient, and fragmented.

Contributing to this problem, the streets are not attractive and do not convey a sense of security to passers-by; there is a polarization of shops, that are concentrated between Cologno Centro and Cologno Sud metro stations, while there is a lack of shops to the east of the area; and the city lacks in

DORMITORY CITY •

Streets are not attractive and do not convey a sense of security to passers-by

•

Polarization of shops, that are concentrated between Cologno Centro and Cologno Sud metro stations, while there is a lack of shops to the east of the area

•

The city lacks in a sense of belonging. DISSOCIATION

•

Insufficient and disconnected bike infrastructure

•

Insufficient connections with close neighborhood over the barriers that enclose the area – that is, the Tangenziale and the Naviglio Martesana

•

Lack of spaces of integration for the elderly and the foreign population.

SPACE FRAGMENTATION •

Green spaces, despite their good quantity, lack in quality

•

Leisure spaces are poor both in quantity and in quality

•

Together, green and leisure spaces are insufficient, and fragmented

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Problem: Dormitorio City

The dormitory city problem means that people spend time in the city only for the night hours or they return home after work or after spending a day in another city. This happens thanks to the high population density but also due to the fact that the streets are not very attractive and cannot be used as a public space for interpersonal relationships. The biggest problem, however, is the polarization and the scarcity of services and shops of daily necessity that allow people not to travel too far from their home to reach, for example, the supermarket or pharmacy. However, in this area there are also all those recreational activities that create attractiveness and that would therefore lead people to spend their free time in Cologno Monzese. In the diagram, in red you can clearly see the areas where the concentration of shops and activities is located and in blue the areas without these but which life the high baitativa desità could potentially become new poles of attractiveness.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Problem: Dissociation

The separation problem mainly refers to the difficulty of reaching Cologno Nord from Cologno Sud due to the crossing of the motorway which is only possible through bridges that are only suitable for vehicles and not in excellent condition. Moreover, the connection to the south with Vimodrone is difficult due to public transport lines, especially buses, which have no routes from that part of the city, moreover the river represents a further obstacle to overcome as the bridges present are exclusively pedestrian or cycle paths . The separation can also be said to be internal to Cologno Sud, the metro line marks a perceptible border between the two parts of the city as we have seen from the previous schematic. The metro line and Via Milano, the parallel street, represent the main vertical connections of the city but horizontally there is no connection between the dendamete inhabited part and the more rural and naturalistic part, indeed the stradlai infrastructures represent an obstacle in crossing this sense of the city. 82

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Problem: Space Fragmentation

The problem of fragmentation concerns open spaces. In fact, as far as green spaces are concerned, as already mentioned, they are very present both in the less dense parts and in the denser ones. The problem arises when analyzing the quality of these green spaces which is often poor and does not allow people to spend time pleasantly outdoors. Furthermore, the open spaces within the built environment are few as squares, and are often not suitable for parking and socializing, the streets are used exclusively as infrastructures for movement and not as a public space in which to spend time and build a sense. of community and sociability. The spaces that exist and that are in good condition, then, are not connected to each other and therefore there is no continuity that allows pedestrian or cycle use of these environments.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

FROM 8h to 24h CITY

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

On this page : Night and Day Barcellona Ph Hugo Helay On the next page:LOgo of the project, from 8h to 24h city

Concept- from 8h to 24h city What emerges from the analyzes carried out on the Cologno area is that, due to the high concentration of residential districts and the low concentration of services, also taking into account the absence of recreational and recreational activities that allow you to spend free time in the open air, the city has a “dormitory” character, meaning that people in this place spend the time of the day necessary to rest and spend time at home while all the activities that do not concern the home are carried out in other cities. For this reason, the main objective of the following project will be to transform Cologno into a living and inhabited city for only eight hours a day, into a city inhabited all day and all night, therefore 24 hours. To do this, it is necessary to ensure that people have the desire and the way to spend time in the city and therefore attract not only new activities such as shops and commercial activities but also create new attractive poles recognizable on the territory that attract people even from outside the city , given the high accessibility by public transport that characterizes the area. From 8 hours to 24 hours is therefore the slogan on which the project for Cologno Monzese is based. The following action strategies are therefore all aimed at achieving this goal of revitalizing the area

24 8 h

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

VI THE STRATEGY

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Strategy: One City, Three Objectives Introduction

Target Population

As explained previously, our concept is to transform Cologno Monseze from a sleeping area to a leaving area : from inhabit to live in. From 8-hour to 24-hour city.

The demographic analysis showed an increase in the number of elderly people (who live alone) and migrants, and on the contrary a decline of families.

We must therefore improve the attractiveness of the city. However, in relation to the problems identified, the attractiveness of the city must be accompanied by community strengthening facilitating the inclusion of all inhabitants as well as better connectivity and mobility to reduce isolation and the effect of inertia.

As highlighted in the SWOT, there is a real lack of integration of the elderly and migrants, and the objective is to remedy this. Furthermore, the decline in the number of families, probably due to a lack of attractiveness of the city (no problem of housing), is a major concern, where according to our challenge, a 15-min city is a multigenerational, active and inclusive city, where families have a central place.

This is why we are proposing a 3-faceted strategy that can be summarized as follows: City of Permeability, City of Leisure, City of Encouters.

Improve mobility and connectivity within Cologno Sud

Improve the attractiveness o

One City, Three Objectives “City of Permeability”, because we want Cologno Sud to be a connected and structured city, where it is easy to move around, where no part is isolated and cut off from the rest of the city, where soft mobility is facilitated, and where the connection with the surrounding towns (Vimodrone, Cologno Nord) is a strong point.

“City of Encounters”, because we want Cologno Sud to be a city of sharing, where the elderly and foreigners are included, where there is a real spirit of living together, where people know each other and where the inhabitants can identify themselves as Colognesi and not Milanese.

“City of Leisure”, because we don’t want Cologno Sud to be a dormitory town anymore, but a city where life is good, where walking is not only a means, but also an end, where you spend your free time and where there is life at any time.

e quality and of open spaces

Improve the sense of community and inclusion of all

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

V 94

VII THE PROJECT

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

The overview: 3 objective, 3 projects Introduction

7 Wonders Linear Park

The goal of transforming Cologno Sud from an 8 hours to a 24 hours city will be accomplished through 4 main projects: the 7 Wonders Linear Park, Right to Cologno, Bike Cologno, and the Torriani Community Market.

The 7 Wonders Linear Park project consists in a green corridor connecting and revitalizing seven selected parks in the area, improving their quality, and introducing community activities. The goal is to make each green space a fundamental element of this system, instead of individual isolated spaces. The linear park is not only about the green spaces, though. It also concerns the spaces in-between them. It can be said that, if green spaces are the lungs of the city, the streets in-between are the veins and arteries: their functioning relies on each other.

These projects have been conceived with the goal of tackling the three main problems previously identified: the dormitory city, the dissociation, and the space fragmentation, always keeping the three target demographic groups in mind: the elders, the young, and the foreigners, not forgetting the adult population, to avoid shrinkage. Each project does not tackle only one problem or is targeted at only one demographic group at a time, of course. Their needs and interests often overlap, and one project is capable of achieving different goals at the same time, with overlapping actions. The projects are oriented towards the public interest, and have as main objectives improving attractivity, livability, connectivity, integration, and belonging. In the next few paragraphs, each project will be introduced, to be explained in further detail in the subsequent chapters.

This project does not require big interventions or building new parks, since the problem with the green spaces in the area is a matter of quality, not of quantity. For their renovation, the acquisition and installation of equipment will be provided, including a fountain, vegetation, basketball and football courts, playgrounds, ground chess boards, tables, benches, some cultural exposition boards, and finally, streets painting for the streets inbetween visual and physical connection. The different centralities, such as the metro stations, city hall, historic center, and the new market, are thus connected to a set of 7 parks, articulating from west to east, creating a new axis of stay, relations and encounters. This linear park contributes to the community by offering various infrastructures for all ages, ranging from sports facilities to leisure and relaxation. The continuity of the park is ensured by a network of streets clearly identified by a set of colors echoing the colors of the city applied to furniture and painted elements, and by vegetation. The 7 Wonders Linear Park is not only connected to the city, but the city itself is connected to it. It is not just a green space or a set of paths, but a new centrality where people gather.

Right to Cologno The second project, Right to Cologno, is composed by a series of street interventions aimed at bringing more livability to the city and attracting commercial shops and customers. This project is motivated by the fact that the current streets are unattractive and not made for citizens. They are only made to lead from one place to another, and not to live on. The interventions involved in the Right to Cologno project include community-led tactical urbanism, privately funded parklets, and a pedestrian street. These will not be implemented all at the same time, and their implementation order will be based on the priority, impact, and scale of each action. The pedestrian street will be implemented along the creation of the linear park, while the tactical urbanism will be implemented gradually along the years. The parklets will be paid by private interested actors and will generate profit for the parts in charge of their implementation, which will compensate their investment. This will not return to the municipality directly in form of money, but in the form of improved attractivity and livability, which will bring other greater benefits. The project also involves the creation of a policy to attract new shops and commercial activities into Cologno Sud. Bike Cologno The third project aims to tackle the lack of bike services in Cologno Sud, both in terms of bike paths, bike parking, and services, such as bike sharing. A few bike lanes do exist, but do not constitute a proper network, besides having some important discontinuities that must be addressed. In Cologno Sud, bikes are not a priority, and bike lanes are seen as an accessory to the street layout. Car centric roads give way to aggressive drivers, which leads to street unsafety, which hinders bike usage and street livability. This situation will be put at rest by Bike Cologno. The Bike Cologno project, then, involves the

constitution of a quality and well-connected cycle paths network, complemented by strategically positioned bike parking close to metro stations and leisure facilities, along with some private bike sharing stations. Besides the bike sharing stations, then, which should be funded by BikeMi, the rest of the bike infrastructures will be implemented by the municipality. The implementation of this project will be divided in three phases, beginning from the most fundamental contribution to the creation of connections, axis, and network constitution, and the subsequent budget for Bike Cologno may be increased or reduced based on the evaluation of the outcomes of the initial phases. The cycle paths network project includes 17,45 km of new infrastructure, besides the improvement of a few bike paths that have been considered of insufficient quality. Torriani Community Market Finally, the Torriani Community Market project plans to divide the Ex-Torriani area and transform it into a place of work, leisure, learning, and cultural exchange. One part of the area will accommodate a partially social co-housing project, which will be designed according to the guidelines of the UIA European fund which, if submitted and approved, will be the main source of funds for the project. In the remaining area, the existing building will be maintained intact, preserving an important piece of the city’s heritage. This building will provide room for a co-working space, besides other more flexible spaces such as the one that hosts alternately the daily local producers market and multicultural events in the evening. This last part will essentially be financed by the subsequent sources of income from the selling of co-housing and the daily agricultural products market. The role of the municipality in this process will be to facilitate the process of adaptation of the project to the UIA guidelines and its submission, and with that it will get in return public interest outcomes such as communities’ integration and the creation of this new pole of attraction. NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

TORRIANI COMMUN MARKET 7 WONDERS LINEAR PARK

I NITY

RIGHT TO COLOGNO BIKE COLOGNO

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

Bike Cologno The current situation of bike infrastructure in Cologno Sud: The Bike Cologno project aims to tackle the lack of bike services in Cologno Sud, both in terms of bike paths, bike parking, and services, such as bike sharing. A few bike lanes do exist, along Via Milano/Corso Roma and along Naviglio Martesana, but do not constitute a proper network, besides having some important discontinuities that must be addressed. In Cologno Sud, bikes are not a priority, and bike lanes are seen as an accessory to the street layout. Car centric roads give way to aggressive drivers, which leads to street unsafety, which hinders bike usage and street liveability. This situation will be put at rest by Bike Cologno. Bike Cologno: The project, then, involves the constitution of a quality and well-connected cycle paths network, complemented by strategically positioned bike parking close to metro stations and leisure facilities, along with some private bike sharing stations. Besides the bike sharing stations, which should be funded by BikeMi, the rest of the bike infrastructures will be implemented by the municipality. The implementation of this project will be divided in three phases, beginning from the most fundamental contribution to the creation of connections, axis, and network constitution, and the subsequent budget for Bike Cologno may be increased or reduced based on the evaluation of the outcomes of the initial phases. The cycle paths network project includes 17,45 km of new infrastructure, besides the improvement of a few bike paths that have been considered of insufficient quality, complementing them where they have discontinuities, and incorporating them into the new network. Interest of the project: Bike Cologno is an important project for achieving the overall goals proposed to Cologno Sud. Bike

100

infrastructure, concerning both cycling and parking facilities, is very important to instigate diverse, healthy, and safe urban mobility. When this kind of infrastructure is not present, carcentric cities encourage aggressive driving that hinders safety and intimidate bike usage, which becomes dangerous. Bike infrastructure, though, should not concentrate where demand for it already exists. Instead, the implementation of infrastructure creates demand, as more and more users start to realize the benefits of cycling both in terms of health and in avoiding traffic and thus diminishing commuting time. At the same time, cycling greatly contributes to street liveability, as bikers have a much closer contact with everything present on the streets, from shops to leisure facilities and urban furniture, which makes for safer streets both for passers-by and for residents and shop owners. On the overall urban situation of Cologno Sud, Bike Cologno will have the fundamental role of connecting the city with its surrounding neighbourhoods, which, in today’s situation, is very limited by the barriers on the perimeter of the city: the Tangenziale, and the Naviglio Martesana. The proposed bike infrastructure, then, will not only improve the points where Cologno Sud does connect with other cities, but also connect then through fundamental axis across the city, from east to west and north to south, connecting crossing over barriers, industrial, commercial, services, and residential centres, densely occupied land, green and leisure areas, public transport infrastructure, and other cycle paths, in orders to constitute a proper network.

How does it answer to our strategy?

City of leisure:

Cycle paths, besides commuting, are also made for leisure. This role is mostly fulfilled by cycle paths that connect parks, principally during weekends and holidays. This is the case of the proposed cycle paths, of which a number of them are axis between parks, in particular the cycle paths proposed along and in-between the 7 Wonders Linear Park. Besides that, the street redesign that will come from the implementation of Bike Cologno, in association with the Right to Cologno project, will have a fundamental role in making the street active and liveable, opening up great possibilities for leisure activities.

Young: Bicycles are knowingly one of the most, if not the most accessible means of transportation. The cost of acquisition is irrisory when compared to cars, maintenance is cheap, and fuel is not used. It is, therefore, a great means of transportation for a population such as the young people, that typically are still starting their life and do not have so much purchasing power. Also, this is the population that has more disposition to use a means of transportation that demands physical effort, and additionally brings great health benefits.

Elders: Elders are not benefited directly by this project, but indirectly by the creation of attractive streets, more friendly to pedestrians, and more liveable streets, which they can frequent.

City of permeability:

The main focus of Bike Cologno project is improving connectivity within Cologno Sud and with the surrounding cities. This will be done, by creating main axis connecting the city’s main industrial, commercial, services, and residential centres, the crossings over barriers, densely occupied land, green and leisure areas, and public transport infrastructure. The outcome of the project will be the constitution of a quality bike network

Targeted population

City of encounters:

This project will not influence in the creation of the city of encounters itself, but largely influence in the creation of liveable streets, where encounters and community activity are greatly encouraged, also largely influenced by the Right to Cologno project, that will be supported by Bike Cologno.

Foreigners: The foreigners are a very diverse group. Some of them can be very well integrated with Italian culture and well stablished, while others not quite as much. The groups of foreigners that are not that well-stablished in Italy just yet can largely benefit from the great accessibility represented by bicycles in terms of cost, just like the young the population. The better stablished ones, instead, can still greatly benefit from the greater connectivity brought by the bike infrastructure, which can make going around for work, shopping, leisure and accessing services much easier, by a very flexible means of transportation.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

101

Existing bikelane situation

Additionally to the proposed cycle paths network, new bike parking were also proposed, since bike parking infrastructure also has a fundamental role in encouraging bike usage. The new bike parking are also classified into two categories: i) “bike parking”, positioned in the parking lots that are always present next to the metro stations in the area, providing a convenient incentive for different transport modalities to be used in a complementary way; and ii) “bike sharing stations”, positioned close to industrial, commercial, and residential centers, and green and leisure areas, also integrated with the 7 Wonders Linear Park project, along the proposed bike paths. Bike parking, though, are underused, and therefore do not fulfil their role, if they do not have a few essential characteristics and services, ranging from the type of parking spots offered, their opening hours, safety, and services for the user. Proposed bike parking, then, will have all of the following services, considered essential

102

The Bike Cologno project aims to tackle the lack of bike services in Cologno Sud, both in terms of bike paths, bike parking, and services, such as bike sharing. A few bike lanes do exist, but do not constitute a proper network, besides having some important discontinuities that must be addressed. In Cologno Sud, bikes are not a priority, and bike lanes are seen as an accessory to the street layout. Car centric roads give way to aggressive drivers, which leads to street unsafety, which hinders bike usage and street liveability. This situation will be put at rest by Bike Cologno.

Besides the bike sharing stations, then, which should be funded by BikeMi, the rest of the bike infrastructures will be implemented by the municipality. The implementation of this project will be divided in three phases, beginning from the most fundamental contribution to the creation of connections, axis, and network constitution, and the subsequent budget for Bike Cologno may be increased or reduced based on the evaluation of the outcomes of the initial phases. The cycle paths network project includes 17,45 km of new infrastructure, besides the improvement of a few bike paths that have been considered of insufficient quality.

Project of new bikelane network

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

103

FIVE PROCESSES

Methodology The project concept is not limited to thinking about design materials. Rather it suggests a strategy, which, because it assumes creative interaction with a context and gradual responsibility for places by users, must be conceived of and structured as a process. In this light the construction, implementation and maintenance of a project become foundational steps within the process itself defined by five phases

PLUNG-IN: Hook up phase, to start building the necessary network for conceiving and supporting the project. WARM-UP: Design is prepared, initiated and accompanied, produce shared knowledge, practices and perception. Actions involved places that already significant within the context. CATALYSIS: The catalyzer locates near flows of people and nodes, awaiting regeneration, and reactivation. Three steps: initiation, maintenance, transformation. ROOTING: Attracting people from other neighborhoods, creating a resonance that can also assemble new subjects. 1. keeping + filled with the initiatives; 2.transformation with opening of the building site, generating small experiments. RELEASE: The network of places, materials and actors is made. The infrastructure is vital and fully functioning, creating constant construction of scheduled activities.

104

The proposed cycle path have been classified into two categories: i) “main axis” (or priority), along main streets and connecting the biggest industrial, commercial, services, and residential centres; and ii) “secondary” cycle paths, connecting the remaining crossings over barriers First Phase

Second Phase

– such as the Tangenziale and the Naviglio – densely occupied land, services, green and leisure areas, public transport infrastructure, and other cycle paths, in order to constitute a proper network. The implementation of Bike Cologno will be divided in three phases, beginning from the most fundamental contribution to the creation of connections, axis, and network constitution, and the subsequent budget for Bike Cologno may be increased or reduced based on the evaluation of the outcomes of the initial phases. The mapping of these three phases is shown below.

Third Phase Parking Spots Parking spots preferably of the horizontal type, where the bike is locked by its frame.

in a place with good visibility, and not isolated.

Location: as close as possible to the main destination point of cyclists, with no obstructions in its access.

Drinking fountain, Bathroom, Additional: Locker room, Repair shop, Rental service

Opening hours: on parking associated with metro stations, at least during the whole operation hours of the metro. Safety: it is recommended for the parking to have fences, security cameras and guards specially dedicated to the facility. They should also be located

Services:

Details such as number of parking spots, their specific location and size within metro stations, and security equipment, are not detailed here, as it would require a huge level of detail, work.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

105

Actors, Bneficiaries and Opponents

Beneficiaries: Cyclists and young people, in particular children, young adults and migrants, will benefit from an efficient network to move around Cologno and access the cycle path network of the surroundings. Recipients: The introduction of bicycle lanes will be at the expense of other modes of transportation, mainly the car. Car users are likely to complain that their city is becoming less and less car friendly. Solution: There will always be protests when we decide to reduce the space dedicated to cars in favour of other modalities. A dialogue and the analysis of alternatives or limitation of nuisances can be decided in agreement with the users according to the good will of both parties.

106

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

107

Theory of change

108

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

109

Right to Cologno Many streets are unattractive and do not exploit their potential (whether it is their strategic location (metro, downtown) or their many unused spaces), we propose a project to improve the livability of these streets. Tactical urbanism, pedestrianization of streets and parklets are on the agenda. In order to facilitate the acceptance of the projects, the idea is to develop only one or two small projects per year and to put the citizens at the heart of the development. If the project is a failure, it is possible to stop the project and few costs will have been spent. A two-step participatory process The first phase, known as the launch phase, will consist of carrying out an initial project developed by the city and an urban developer, based on the identification of priority intervention areas. A number of areas for tactical urbanism and the creation of a pedestrian street will be proposed to the inhabitants, submitted to the inhabitants’ vote, and then developed with an urban developer. The second phase of the « Return the City to the Colognesi » is entirely collaborative and participatory, involving citizens from the early stages of the project to its completion. Based on the model of the city of Paris, a budget will be defined annually and according to the cost of interventions, one or more projects will be carried out during the year. The following process will be applied : 1) The local council of Cologno Monseze defines a budget for the current year and invites citizens to participate 2) Citizens propose their projects via ballot boxes or online 3) The local council and the project leaders analyse the projects together. 4) The selected projects are submitted to the vote of the citizens on the online platform or in the balot boxes in public spaces

110

5) The winning project are voted on the Cologno Monseze council : their realisation can start. 6) The follow-up of the project is available online. A number of parklets are identified and merchants can apply. For a competitive price, businesses will be able to have a dedicated space for their activities.

For the needs of a project, the parklets can be requisitioned Why « Right To Cologno »? As Henry Lefebvre says, « everyday life coud be inductive to radical changes in the way to design and build cities ». By allowing each citizen to participate in the construction of his or her city, the city is returned to the citizens: they exercise their right to the city, their right to Cologno Monseze.

Interest of the project : The objective is to make Cologno more attractive by playing on the physical and visual quality of the streets, to improve the quantity and quality of open space by making the street an open space, to bring the Colognesi together by including them in the collaborative process, and to increase their sense of belonging to the city by developing projects of their own In this way, the elderly and foreigners can integrate more easily, families can live more quietly and life itself is more pleasant for everyone.

How does it answer to our strategy?

The City of Leisure:

By definition, streets become open spaces and activities/games can be incorporated. There is a will to create a communication between the pedestrian and the street: the street is no longer an infrastructure but a living space. Tactical urbanism is a major tool to achieve this, as are pedestrian streets. Moreover, parklets allow bars/restaurants to welcome many more customers and thus create a domino effect.

The City of Permeability:

By definition, improving pedestrian space facilitates the mobility of residents. Some projects aim to create attraction in less frequented areas so that certain parts of the city are no longer isolated. Creating more reassuring and familiar spaces allows residents to feel comfortable accessing other spaces.

The City of Encounters:

By definition, tactical urbanism and parklets make it possible to enlarge the space reserved for pedestrians and thus to create a much more pedestrian city. Encounters are facilitated and the faces of other inhabitants become more familiar: these are the first steps towards a community city, acceptance of the other and the mixing of different groups of individuals. Moreover, increasing community ownership through a strong visual street identity reinforces those effects.

x The families: Wider sidewalks and fewer cars make it easier for larger groups such as families to get around, increasing the sense of safety. Pedestrian streets become playgrounds for children in the heart of the city and close to homes. Restaurants and terraces facilitate family outings.

The Elderly: They, who are mostly pedestrians, benefit directly from a more pedestrian city and access to soft mobility. The identity and community effect created by these collaborative projects creates activity and they can get involved in them, keeping them busy and allowing them to meet many other people.

The Foreigners: Like the elderly, they can benefit from collaborative projects to propose ideas and innovations specific to their heritage and personal culture. According to the Economist’s special report “How migration makes the world brainier” (Nov. 2019), “everywhere, immigrants are likelier than the native-born to start their own business […] they bring new perspectives. They also bring new knowledge of overseas arkets, and connections ». This collaborative process can create a win-win deal: a more creative city and better integration of foreigners.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

111

PEDESTRIAN STREETS

TACTICAL URB

make some roads pedestrian which, if removed, do not excessively modify the circulation of cars. the space of the streets remains a connection from one point to another in the city but becomes a meeting place and sociality and also a green space.

make visible an sed now

1- the municipa tables with citiz the selected are 2 - technicians e rials 3 - the "painting population is in 4 - during the "p the work in a fes munity but also

PEDESTRIAN STREETS

TACTICAL URBANISM

PEDESTRIAN make visible and usable some parts of roads t sed now make some ro

PARKLETS - the municipality of cologno removes some parking lots in places in front of commercial activities, bars and restaurants, giving incentives to owners to exploit that space with structures such as parklets and help to use the road as a public space in safety

112

modify the cir

1- the municipality of Cologno holds meeting connection fr tables with citizens to explain themeeting conceptplace of the selected areas and to gather ideas. 2 - technicians elaborate projects by estimatin rials 3 - the "painting days" are advertised as event population is invited to participate 4 - during the "painting days" the citizens and the work in a festive atmosphere. this increase munity but also the sense of public affairs

BANISM

PARKLETS

nd usable some parts of roads that are not underu-

- the municipality of cologno removes some parking lots in places in front of commercial activities, bars and restaurants, giving incentives to owners to exploit that space with structures such as parklets and help to use the road as a public space in safety

ality of Cologno holds meetings and discussion zens to explain the concept of tactical urbanism and eas and to gather ideas. elaborate projects by estimating costs and mate-

g days" are advertised as events in which the whole nvited to participate painting days" the citizens and technicians carry out stive atmosphere. this increases the sense of como the sense of public affairs

PARKLETS

Nthat STREETS are not underu-

TACTICALremoves URBANISM - the municipality of cologno some parking lots in places in front of commercial activities, bars and restaurants, giving oads pedestrian which, if removed, do not excessively make visible and usable some parts of roads that are not underuincentives to owners to rculation of cars. the space of the streets remains a sedexploit now that space with structures such as gs and discussion parklets and help to use the road as a public space in safety rom one point to another in the city but becomes a tactical urbanism and e and sociality and also a green space. 1- the municipality of Cologno holds meetings and discussion

ng costs and mate-

ts in which the whole

d technicians carry out es the sense of com-

- the muni in front of incentives parklets an

tables with citizens to explain the concept of tactical urbanism and the selected areas and to gather ideas. 2 - technicians elaborate projects by estimating costs and materials 3 - the "painting days" are advertised as events in which the whole population is invited to participate 4 - during the "painting days" the citizens and technicians carry out the work in a festive atmosphere. this increases the sense of community but also the sense of public affairs

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

113

FIVE PROCESSES

Paris as reference It is obvious that Paris and Cologno Monseze are irreconcilable, whether in terms of fame, history, size or financial and political means. However, an adaptation of scale is possible since the process does not necessarily require important human and financial means.

114

The first step is to define the budget. From this point on, the nature of the projects and the amount of work carried out will change between Paris and Cologno, but the process can be maintained.

Participatory steps

Cologno Monseze already has a website and a platform for various administrative tasks (Cologno easy). By adding a Participatory Budgeting option, the system can be set up without too many costs, plus the ballot boxes. The advantage of this process is that it puts the inhabitants at the heart of the project. It is a way to give the city back to its inhabitants. In Paris, the theme is everything that interests the inhabitants. In Cologno, linked to a clear problem of public space and quality of streets, the proposals will initially be oriented on this. There is no need for a large participation to obtain convincing results.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

115

Case study

For the redevelopment of the pedestrian street south of the market, the main reference was the Agias Sofia competition project The history and power of the city is buried deep below ground level, covered by a shell of asphalt and concrete, rendering it weak and nerveless. By breaking and deconstructing this shell, however retaining the motion of the city to its current level, we uncover this hidden layer of history and create green islets. This action is symbolic giving us the line of our design. We create a park in the spine of the city. We generate spaces of «leisure time» the such as: areas of heavy vegetation with secret passages and seating, areas of medium vegetation directly connected to the everyday life of the inhabitants, activity areas with ping-pong, skate-boarding, playgrounds, supporting the idea of neighborhood, areas of blossoming and the Mediterranean with rosemary, lavender thyme and oregano. Parking is forbidden along the streets. There will be particular time shifts and spaces for garbage collection and store-provision. Large vehicles will be laid off to park on the port. Considerable increase of vegetation vs noise reduction.

On this page : behance.net Agias Sofia Competition

116

On this pagre: tactical urbanism: Labsus.org Urbanfile parklets: Coalizione Civica Pescara Risposta Serramenti Los Angeles, “parklets”

As regards the tactical urbanism project, we were inspired by the project of the Municipality of Milan “open squares” with regard to the various projects developed and the use of different techniques but also and above all for the participatory and construction process. Following the presentation of the expressions of interest, the administration will assess the suitability of the proposals and identify the priority interventions. From here will start the co-design and then the technical and administrative process necessary for the implementation of the project, up to the signing of the collaboration agreement. We will then proceed with the implementation of the experimental and temporary intervention and a subsequent activation and monitoring phase that will guide the development of the definitive transformation projects.

The parklet is a practice of tactical urbanism: an innovative way of urban planning, based on short-term and low-cost interventions aimed at creating new public spaces. The parklet is simply an extension of the sidewalk that offers more space and services for citizens who use the street. Parklets are typically installed on parking lanes and use multiple parking spaces, typically extending from the curb level to the width of the adjacent parking lot.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

117

Actors, Beneficiaries and Opponents

Beneficiaries: Local shops are the most benefited, because of the improvement in street quality, open spaces, and the possibility of implementing parklets, which may attract more customers for them. The inhabitants of Cologno Monzese will have a more pleasant, modern, livable, and inclusive city.

Opponents: The participation of local people is essential. The inhabitants of the streets may fear that the new activities (tactical urbanism) will create nuisance. Car users because the street width will be reduced in some cases and a few parking spaces removed to insert parklets.

Solution : A dialogue must be opened from the beginning of the process to understand the citizens whou could be disturbed and to manage the cohabitation of all these actors as well as possible. Nuisances can be limited if they are identified upstream.

118

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

119

Theory of change

120

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

121

7 Wonders linear park One Linear Park, 2 Projects

The in-between

The linear park (1.5 km long) aims to connect centralities, to improve the quality of green spaces and even more to make each green space a fundamental element of a system; they are not individual and isolated spaces, they are components of an ecosystem that needs each of these spaces to exist. But the linear park is not only green spaces and centralities, it is also and above all the in-between. If green spaces and centralities are the lungs and other vital organs of the city, then this in-between are the veins and arteries. They cannot function without each other. That is why we consider 2 main projects: first, the improvement of the parks, and second the improvements of the streets to connect the parks and the centralities.

The idea is to ensure a continuity between the parks and the centralities via a path drawn through the city. Signs indicating the different centralities and parks are welcome. In order to make the whole more uniform, a color will ensure the visual link between the parks. This color will be present at the level of the infrastructures (bicycle paths, but also on certain infrastructures (benches for example).

The improvement of the parks, a new centrality

• A participatory process including the inhabitants.

The different centralities, such as the metro stations, the city hall, the historic center or the new market, are thus connected to a set of 7 parks, articulating from west to east, creating a new axis of stay, relations and encounters. This linear park contributes to the community by offering various infrastructures for all ages, ranging from sports facilities to leisure, relaxation and calm. The continuity of the park is ensured by a network of streets clearly identified by a set of colors echoing the colors of the city (furniture, lines) and by a set of trees where appropriate.

A mix of both processes is strongly encouraged. Our initial proposal is based on the history of the city, to find a color identifiable among all as proper to Cologno Monseze. The logo of the city is yellow and green. Since green is the natural color of the leaves and grass present in the park, yellow can provide the complement (furnishings) and thus create a harmonious color scheme specific to the city. Yellow provides a strong visual connection and does not degrade much over time.

The 7 Parks Each of the 7 parks has a theme that promotes relaxation, sports, culture and contributes to improving the living space and community life: The Specchio The Arenas The Tower The Calcetto The Armando Brambilla The New Park (Parco Viale Marche) 12 2

Color choice In order to determine the color, two processes are possible : • A selection with experts according to the color best suited for safety, well-being, resistance to time and climatic conditions.

How does it answer to our strategy?

The City of Leisure:

By definition, the linear park enhances green spaces, connects them and creates new open spaces. Streets and green spaces are no longer on the path. We “pass” time rather than waste time passing: it is not a path, it is a multitude of places. We can say “I’m going to the linear park” and not “I’m going through the linear park” (or the street, or the park, or the green spaces). It becomes the reason for the journey, not the means. New centralities and poles of attraction are created.

Targeted popuation The Families: numerous playgrounds and activities for children; pleasant, shaded, green and airy spaces for parents, encouraging exchange and relaxation; sports equipment adapted to all. The diversity of activities reduces the effect of routine and, on the contrary, reinforces the curiosity of children and the interest of parents by taking their children to different places.

The City of Permeability:

Emphasize the horizontal connection, from west to east, through the center, creating a new axis that was not clearly defined before. The inhabitants now have a new component of movement: the horizontal axis. The city becomes larger: relationships are created between east and west, as well as between parks and centralities (market, historic center, city hall, Cologno Centro subway station). The movements are not limited to the subway stations, but a new physical and visual permeability is offered to the Colognesi. The Linear Park is the City of Permeability.

we are to interact with someone. The happier we are, the more open we are to others. The quality of space shapes encounters. Also, the city has an identity. Green spaces are no longer “the little park near Esselunga”, but “Tower” or “Arenas” park. By naming and valuing them, people find their way around. The Linear Park is the City of Encounters.

The City of Encounters:

It promotes neighborhood activities by providing facilities (games, auditorium, sports...), space (green areas) and recreation areas (benches, shade). The longer we stay somewhere, the more likely

The Elderly: many shaded and relaxing spaces, as well as community activities, and the presence of people throughout the day which helps to reduce feelings of isolation, promote interaction and exchange, and the self-monitoring effect (people look out for each other, vital in case of a stroke or malicious people) The Foreigners: A variety of different activities for all ages and spaces dedicated to associative activities. The use of the linear park throughout the day by different groups of people will allow for getting to know faces, creating multiple opportunities for interaction and shared activities, resulting in a better sense of integration for foreigners and a decrease (if necessary) of the “fear” of migrants for Italians.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

123

ROBINIA

BETULLA

The park is already requalified, so only few furnitures and painting will be added to link it to the other green spaces.

Insertion of a “sp other playground (green/yellow) a objective is to cre space for familie

ACERO CAMPESTRE

PERVINCA

PRIMULA

BUCANEVE

124

It will be a historical park paying tribute to the city. It will be made up of panels that will inform visitors and invite them to follow the indicated route. Events can be held there. It is a park to gather with friends and family or to come and rest in the shade, while preserving the city’s heritage.

pider” and ds, chess tables nd a kiosk. The eate a quality es.

The objective is to create another park with a purely sporting vocation through the insertion of a calcetto field.

The park already has a skatepark and the palazetto dello sport (working really well). The idea is to improve the skatepark, add a basketball/ calcetto field, kid’s activities and an auditorium.

A Water Mirror on the model of Place de la Bourse Bordeaux, the biggest in the world (3450m²). The Specchio is a water theme park oriented around an open fountain. Operating as a misting and paddling pool, it will aim to refresh the Colognesi and offer children an interactive play area. Depending on its location, it can be used as a water mirror and shows can be held around it or directly on the concrete slab.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

125

FIVE PROCESSES

7 Wonders Linear Park

In order to manage the organization of community activities and the reservation of infrastructures such as the auditorium or the stadiums, an organization managed by Colognesi was created: the Linear Park Association. This is a non-profit association whose main objective is to ensure the good management of the Linear Park and all the activities related to it. This association will be held by volunteers, who will be inhabitants of the city. They will have the possibility to organize events, to propose new ideas and to make the park live. They will be in contact with other associations wishing to use certain infrastructures (for example the auditorium etc) and will have to establish a reservation system. In order to finance possible events, the reservation of the infrastructures can be paid and one or more refreshment stands can be installed.

126

The idea would be to improve the skate park by adding temporary structures that could change over the seasons depending on the demand from skaters. Participation is highly recommended, from the beginning to the end of the project. Street artists could also participate in the decoration.

the Arena example

The auditorium will be at the disposal of the Linear Park Association, which will organize a schedule for the different associations that would like to use it. Free access is of course possible outside of the use by the associations. The basketball/calcetto court will be located near the skatepark and will constitute, with the latter, a pole of attraction for the young people. Finally, floor paintings will be used to provide direct activities for children such as hopscotch or dodgeball. Chess tables, benches and other furniture will be added. Citizen participation will be used to choose which activities they would prefer to have. As the kids activities will be “temporal”, new activities could be added according to the need. The management will be hold by the lienar park association.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

127

Case studies

The green belt of the Municipality of Ravenna, designed in the Green Sector Plan, consists of an internal belt that follows the path of the ancient walls and another external one that develops along the city edge. The path of the walls is recovered by integrating cycle-pedestrian paths with equipped green areas, attractive to both residents and tourists. The outer belt, on the other hand, sees the forest as a system of external connection to the city, which at the same time defines its limit with respect to the urban fringe, the agricultural system, the busy roads, the production and industrial areas. The green areas interrupt the belt forest by proposing equipped rest areas, neighborhood gardens, “function containers” for Ravenna and for the territorial systems of the coast and the urban fringe.

Urbanpromo: PAESAGGI IN DIVENIRE IL PIANO DEL VERDE DI RAVENNA

On this page : Urbanpromo: PAESAGGI IN DIVENIRE

IL PIANO DEL VERDE DI RAVENNA

128

On this page: Nice: Promenade du Paillon water mirror fountain alamy.com bordeauxtourism.co.u Water Mirror fountain in Bordeaux

The “Miroir d’Eau” is less than 20 years old, but located just across from a monument nearly 3 centuries old, it has become one of the city’s main attractions. Located across from Place de la Bourse, between Quai de la Douane and Quai Louis XVIII, this spectacular pool, designed by landscape artist Michel Corajoud, alternates a mirror effect and artificial misting in an extraordinary way. The rhythmic changes in 2 cm of water on a gigantic slab of granite make this location truly magical. Children adore playing here and it is a meeting place for lovers as well as people who enjoy putting their feet into the cool water in summer The fountain would function as a very powerful attraction but for reasons of construction and implementation costs it would not be the best choice for the city of Cologno Monzese

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

129

Actors, Bneficiaries and Opponents

Benificiaries The main beneficiaries are the inhabitants of Cologno Monseze (especially the elderly, families and foreigners), who will have access to an interconnected and quality network of green and open spaces, to various activities within the multitude of theme parks, allowing them to flourish and strengthen inter-community ties. The local associations (formal or not) will have better quality spaces to practice their activity (dance groups, yoga...) and will have the possibility to use the different infrastructures after booking with the volunteers managing the park. Opponents: Car users may be unhappy as priority will be given to pedestrians and cyclists along the route. For example, some parking spaces may be removed to make way for a larger sidewalk. Residents around the park could complain about the development of this area because of conflicts of interest between residents and park users. Indeed, the area around the park is a wealthy and quiet neighborhood while the users may come from disadvantaged areas. Solution : A dialogue must be opened from the beginning with the local populations in order to explain the stakes of the project. It is possible to find an arrangement with motorists because it is not initially planned

130

to remove parking spaces and bicycle paths are now the prerogative of modern cities.

To deal with reluctant residents, it is important to build a dialogue from the beginning of the project in order to inform them and understand their doubts. Moreover, these spaces should limit the effects of appropriation by creating a dynamic park, with activities throughout the day.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

13 1

Theory of change

13 2

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

133

Torriani community market THE HISTORY OF MARKET

Total area: 37.650 m2

The ex Torrani area with vacant warehouses that located not far from city centre is an ongoing project in the municipality. It was sold in 2020 to a private actor but the municipality intends to participate in the project.

Height: 8-15 m One entry: East gate Vacant warehouse

WHAT KIND OF MARKET DAY - Daily Market the daily market is dedicated to local agriculture and to the promotion of local products, with no environmental impact due to the short journey. The sellers could be the local producers themselves; NIGHT – Themed Events These activities will support cultural exchange and ethnic gastronomy, integrating the foreign population not only through giving them space to exercise and educate others about their cultures, but also by giving them jobs to support the local creative economy; USUAL – Co-housing & Co- working The new living mode allow young families staying here with sense of belongings. In addition, the government, owner, investor and super IP jointly invest and operate the industry park that attract young entrepreneurial teams or famous brands to initiate pop-up stores or long-term showcases of their production processes and organizing, forming a creative industry chain in Cologno. (Short-term 0-3 years / Long-term projects 4-10 years) 13 4

OUR OBJECTIVES “We would like the operator to share his plans for the area with us. Surely, services for citizenship must return, whether they are social houses, a sports center perhaps with swimming pools - as some citizens would like - parking , recreational activities, but also gardens. We still want to bring home the best for the Municipality with a view to redeveloping the neighborhood.“

We can walk and drink ^.^

We can enjoy the music ^.^

We can talk with others freely ^.^

DEDUCTION OF DESIGN CONCEPT Co-housing module 1

Co-housing module 2

Brands cluster module

Co-housing module 3

Corridor module

Food market module Addition

Subtraction

Different module combinations are contributed to the availability of coliving, outdoor activities and temporary interventions or renovations in four seasons, creating a fashion brand for Cologno to provide local inhabitants with more leisure and entertainment choices.

Co-housing Unit as a assemblable module

Co-working Unit as a shared space (shortterm as exhibition) Phase 1: organization of functional zones

Modules to be inserted Phase 2: inserting and expanding modules

Modules to be reduced Phase 3: seperating spaces to connect to the outdoor

Through transforming the abandoned warehouse into an entrepreneurial cluster, start-up teams in the shared space can live and work together in order to improve influences, and to create “Media + Brand Entrepreneurship” atmosphere for Cologno. The vacant houses are divided, considering the equilibrium between the space quality and income; co-housing project will be operated independently in the long run.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

135

SPATIAL NEEDS FROM DIFFERENT CROWDS

Young family seperate rooms shared with open outdoor space.

Single Elderly shared rooms and shared public facilities.

Small business owner free kriosk or shop with free leisure space. Start-up companies shared or seperate working place with available cafe or meeting room. New brands seperate shop facing street or inner open space.

13 6

Freelancer

GARDEN

free working place with available cafe or meeting room.

The garden provides a venue for seasonal activities, combined with the landscaping designed by the craftsmen/artists, and initiate daily activities and holiday festivals.

NEW PROJECTS NEW OPEN SPACE

CO-HOUSING

BRANDS CLUSTER

It creates a lifestyle that combines the autonomy of a private home with the advantages of shared services, resources and spaces. It is sensitive to the needs of young families and single elderly and attentive to the social realities present in the neighborhood by implementing new renting mode.

By using the side space of the abandoned houses, or ground foor outside, brands jointly work with the participants of the previous food market project. There are more fresh or famous brands initiates popup stores or longterm showcases.

FOOD MARKET

EXHIBITION

CO-WORKING

It promotes press conferences and industry seminars, etc., as the government platform, providing opportunities for micro start-up teams and releasing more job opportunities;

It mainly rents offices in units of hour, days or months via using Renting App. The working space is flexible and changeable, occupying the upper floors of large factories .

The market not only provides daily necessities, but also gathers local food and handicrafts, and is more fragmented and self-employed, showing the unique market culture of Italy; transform small vacant houses in the park or build temporary kiosks.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

137

FIVE PROCESSES

PLUG-IN

WARM-UP CATALYSIS ROOTING RELEASE co-housing co-housing co-housing association exhibition co-working co-working co-housing garden garden garden garden hub food market food market food market food market brand cluster

Actors’s involvement and engagement, taking care / charge Activation, liven up of places, consolidation of practices Changes on the quality of the space

year 0 Starting point

co-housing exhibition garden food market

co-housing co-working garden food market

co-housing garden food market

co-housing co-working garden food market

year 0.5

year 3 1st Investment return cycle point

co-housing co-working garden food market brand cluster year 5

year 10 2nd Investment return cycle point

PLUG-IN (0-0.5 year)

Cohousing

Food Market

2. Initiate design competitions for renovation of Garden and Food Market, as well as establish market association to set assignments with participants, such as restaurants, farms, wineries, craftspeople, fashion brands, and artists;

Garden

1. Officilly initiate activities of garden and food market, and operate the Exhibition through establishing online cooperation platform, to spread the updated innovation of Italian craftsmanship;

WARM-UP (0.5-3 years)

Cohousing

Food Market Exhibition

Garden

13 8

1. Set an assignment with a private developer to build Cohousing and to set new renting policies with inhabitants;

2. Stakeholder can benefit from renting spaces to get renting fee from Co-housing, as well as Garden and Food Market;

CATALYSIS (3-5 years)

1. Divide the warehouse spaces balancing the space quality and income for Co-housing and Co-working; 2. Provide half-price renting for Co-housing at the beginning, and provide entrepreneurial funds and angel investment for Co-working combined with subsidies from the government to atrract young entrepreneurial teams;

Cohousing

Food Market Co-working

Garden

ROOTING (5-10 years)

1. Start-up teams in the same industry chain can work together in order to improve themselves’ influences and to create “Media + Brand Entrepreneurship” for Cologno. 2. Benefiting from the financial return from Co-housing and Co-working, more fresh or famous brands organized by association initiates pop-up stores or long-term showcases;

Brands Cluster Cohousing

Food Market Co-working

Garden

1. Government, owner, investor and super IP jointly invest and operate the industry park, benefiting from the renting fee. The main operators is set up by the government, or the owner operating it by itself helping brand/lab/startup team/ media company with professional operation experience to form a creative industry ecological chain in Cologno (combined the powerful media studio). 2. Co-housing brand will create its own operation mode, such as caring-housing, home-office studio, and homecommunity, etc. as well as explore other vacant spaces to solve the housing issues for young family and single elderly.

RELEASE (>10 years) Brands Cluster Cohousing

Food Market Co-working

Garden

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

139

SUB-PROJECTS - CASE STUDY

Mappa Dei Cohousing (Housing Lab), Italian Brand http://www.housinglab.it/hlab/ HousingLab is an association founded with the aim of disseminating good practices, sharing skills and participatory experimentation in the context of social and collaborative living. When the housing units not only offer a basic solution (housing), but also integrate services that promote relationships between neighbors for the management of everyday life, then they can be defined as collaborative housing (Rogel 2013, Rogel & Corubolo 2012) . They are participatory and accessible, innovative and inclusive houses, and combine private spaces dedicated to individual nuclei with places and services for sharing, exchange and conscious consumption.People collaborate to overcome small daily difficulties and create a more pleasant urban life that is consistent with their own system of values. Collaboration between residents is an inseparable part of the housing model.

Mercat de la Boqueria (Mercat de Sant Josep), Barcelona, It is a central city market where all kind of fresh products and small bites are sold. Could support our day-time proposal of selling fresh products to support local agriculture.

140

Nextdoor Co-working + App Bouygues Immobilier, the real estate development subsidiary of Bouygues Group, and AccorHotels Group, a global hotel industry leader, jointly invested in a 50/50 ratio to promote the development of Nextdoor in France and the entire European market.

Longfu Temple Creative Park, Beijing

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

141

ACTORS, BENEFICIARIES AND THEORY OF CHANGE

For the market, we have to face possible opponents (nearby companies, competitors) but also the private owners of Ex Torrani and the European Union, who could oppose our project. First, surrounding businesses, especially supermarkets, may view the new market as a threatening competitor. These “competitors” have a social resource, as they could form a coalition and oppose our project, costing us time and money. To limit their influence, we could manipulate the pattern of interaction, including them in the process and finding ways to reach a win-win agreement in the end. In addition, the private owners of Ex Torrani can refuse the collaboration or the proposed project. They have the legal resource, as they own the site, and the economic resource, as they are primarily Beneficiaries: Private owners (ex Torriani) will benefit from a lot of added value to their terrain. The Owners of selected local businesses will have locations to sell their products, a large customer base and the positive externalities generated by the variety of activities. These externalities are also positive for associations and start-ups, that will have a dedicated space. The inhabitants of Cologno Monzese will have a new centrality in their city. Problem: Citizens do not go to the new market Context: A market like this is not consolidated as

142

funding the project. To convince them, we could manipulate the resources by seeking economic allies to limit their financial risk, and by mobilizing experts (Polimi, construction promoter) to show them the benefits of the project. In addition, manipulating the network, by involving international actors to bring in powerful players and make it difficult to refuse the project, can be a strategy. Finally, the application for European Union funds (UIA) may be rejected. They have the economic resources, because they can finance up to 80% of the project, up to a limit of 5 million euros. If they refuse, we have to find new investors. So, we could manipulate resources by seeking other economic allies like private investors. a pole of attraction. At first, people will continue to frequent places they are used to, before getting used to frequent the new place Solutions: Focusing events: stimulate the use of the space during the evening to promote cultural interchange, thus strengthening the community. Seasonal events: create events at night. Bandwagon effect: create enough engagement by drawing young people and adults present in the area

Problem: Private business will not move into the new space- It’s flexible! The co-working project rents th offices only 9 euro per day per desk now! O Context: Business may have little interest we can rent meeting room combined with th preneurial coffee“ per hour through cliking it

- Half a year ago, it’s a vacant industrial park. You never know the how fast it renovated! Because it mainly transforming vacant houses moving into a new place that is notand a pole of attraction underused open spaces without too much yet deep interventions. Solutions: Incentives: New business registration rate and half rental price. Basic services provision: Daily cleaning, drainage and electricity systems, car, and bike parking. Bandwagon effect: As soon as business start moving there. Focusing events: Community heir shared events can largely contribute to the influx. Of course, he “entrets App.

- Wow! This wonderfu 1 4 3 necessit daily

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN C ITY provides

STRATEGIES AND MECHANISM

- Its full glory and building energy-efficient residential units of various sizes. We start-up teams would like to move into this neighborhood with renting in half price at the very beginning.

- It is the Italian community a collaborative and sustain a style of collaborative life borly relations to ensure h 14 4

- The garden is flexible! It provides a venue for seasonal activities, combined with the landscaping designed by the craftsmen/artists, and sets up an outdoor bar garden/barbecue house/RV club/small music festival/wedding venue/artist exhibition...

- I wanna join the tens of thousands of families who want to improve their quality of life through happy, stable and lasting relationships , living in open and collaborative contexts , where the smile it is a daily fact and not extraordinary!

y of those who want to live in nable way. The Cohousing is e , which favors good neighhigh quality of life. NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

145

V 14 6

VIII FEASIBILITY

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

147

Political Feasibility

Technical Feasability

14 8

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

149

Economic Feasibility

€11.142.000 Cologno Monzese city budget: Cologno Monzese has a program of public expenditures for the next three years, where it has planned to dedicate €4.662.000 during 2021, €4.130.000 during 2022, and €2.350.000 during 2023, adding up to €11.142.000 in total. The ideas developed by the group for the Cologno Sud study area during the semester have led up to four main final projects, highlighted in the table above, that could be implemented

150

in the subsequent years after 2023. As detailed in the attached table, the Torriani Community Market project, estimated in €5.000.000, aims to acquire funding by the Urban Innovative Actions European fund. The other three projects add up to a total of €4.700.000 and should fit comfortably in the municipality’s public expenditure, since their overall cost is much lower than the current €11 million expenditure plan. These projects are oriented towards the public interest and have no dominant logic of profit behind it. The return for the municipality will assume the form of greatly improved attractivity, liveability, connectivity, integration, and belonging: the main objectives of the projects. After the initial implementation of the projects, the city still has to cover recurrent expenses, including day to day regular maintenance, and occasional maintenance of the infrastructure that may get degraded over time, such as repainting and refurbishing.

7 Wonders linear park equipment that we want to incorporate (see table).

1.5 million Price: For the 7 wonders parks, two costs are estimated: - the linear cost of interventions in the parks - The rough cost of interventions in the streets. First, we can estimate the cost by m2 looking at the park that is being constructed (dividing its cost by its area) and use it as a rough estimation. For the linear cost of the interventions in the parks, we base ourselves on the price of the intervention in the new park of Cologno Monseze realized in 2019 and including playgrounds, leisure space, plantations and realization of a concrete slab. The price of the work was 250,000 euros for a surface area of 9400m², which is a linear cost of 26.6 €/ m². The intervention surface of the 7 wonders park within the parks being 165,560 m², the cost is € 4.4 million. With an implementation period of 3 years, we have an annual cost of around 1.5 million. The interventions in the new park correspond to the types of intervention carried out in the other parks (playgrounds, etc.) and it is a partial intervention (on part of the park), like the other parks. Therefore, this is a plausible estimate. Secondly, as far as the streets are concerned, we know the type and quantity of supplies and

For the paint, we assume a price of 10 euros per kg of road paint, with a capacity of 2m²/ kg . The idea is to create a physical yellow line for the connection between the parks. For each street, a 10cm thick yellow line is made on the 2 pavements. The total street distance being 7800m, we obtain a surface of 1560m², which means a total cost of € 7800. For the vegetation, we want to plant one tree every 20m on each pavement, i.e. approximately 780 trees with a surface area of 780m² (one m² each). With an initial cost of 15 euros and a gardening fee of 85 euros, the total cost for planting is € 11,700 and the annual price for gardening and maintenance is € 66,300. Financing: A number of the parks that compose the 7 Wonders Linear Park could be financed by companies existing in their surroundings. Since the interventions proposed are not very costly, it is a viable alternative for companies to support partially or entirely the funding of a park in exchange for dedicated exclusive advertising space in them. Given the reduced cost of funding required, the benefits gained through publicity and association of an environmental-friendly image to the company name could overcome the investment. Besides, it is in great interest of the companies surrounding parks that they are maintained in good conditions, in the sense that they constitute the public space at their entrance, and can be incorporated into their open space area. There are numerous companies that could apply and concur for the parks funding, since the parks involved are inserted in a relatively dense urban area, where many companies of variate sizes are based.

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

151

Right to Cologno

€500.000

Bike Cologno

€1.700.000

Price:

The project is composed by a series of street interventions aimed at bringing more livability to the city and attracting commercial shops and customers. These interventions include community-led tactical urbanism, privately funded parklets, and a pedestrian street, and the estimated cost will be limited to around €500.000 per year. The interventions covered by the budget will be selected by the public through a participatory process, involving citizens. The parklets do not require public expenditure by the city since they will be paid for by private interested actors.

The Bike Cologno project involves the constitution of a quality and well-connected cycle paths network, complemented by strategically positioned bike parking close to metro stations and leisure facilities, along with some private bike sharing stations. Besides the bike sharing stations, then, which should be funded by BikeMi, the rest of the bike infrastructures will be implemented by the municipality, with an estimated cost of €1.700.000, of which an estimated €1.200.000 is allocated for the new 17,45 km cycle paths network.

Financing: The project budget is mostly meant for the pedestrian street, which is the most expensive action, and which will be implemented along the creation of the linear park, while the tactical urbanism will still receive a part of this funding and will be implemented gradually along the years. The parklets will be paid by private interested actors based on their interest, and the municipality will receive a proposed permit of €750 per parklet, based on permits charged by other cities. The parklets will still generate profit for the parts in charge of their implementation which will compensate their investment. This will not return to the municipality directly in form of money, but in the form of improved attractivity and livability, which will bring other greater benefits.

15 2

Financing: The implementation of this project will be divided in three phases, beginning from the most fundamental contribution to the creation of connections, axis, and network constitution, and the subsequent budget for Bike Cologno may be increased or reduced based on the evaluation of the outcomes of the initial phases. The bike network could also be financed by a private interested actor. In this case, the private investor would partially or entirely finance the bike lanes renovation, implementation, and maintenance in exchange for dedicated exclusive advertising space. Since the implementation costs are not too big, it would be feasible for a company to profit from the advertising, overcoming the investment done. The company would also benefit from its image being associated to a bikefriendly project.

Torrani community market A loan is taken out with the bank sector and the private owners and other interested private investors finance the project from start to finish. The sources of return on investment are numerous (co-housing sales, market rent and associations...) so it is financially viable.

30 million

Source of expense Co-housing: initial new construction of homes and common areas related to co-housing

Funding We have to plans : Plan A: Funding Commission, private owners

via

European

If the European Commission funds the project via the UIA programme up to a limit of 5 million euros, then this money, complemented with an investment of the private owners (with or without a loan from the banks), will be used to fund the co-housing (done first). With the money from the sale/rent of the co-housing, it will finance the rest of the elements (market...). The private owners will complete according to this. About Urban Innovative Actions : In order to receive support, the project must meet the European Commission’s requirements, in this case its social dimension. In fact, in addition to the physical intervention providing low-cost housing promoting intergenerational social mix, the project addresses social problems such as unemployment or social exclusion. Through a series of community-led activities related to vocational training and social cohesion, as well as participatory processes to foster empowerment and a greater sense of community, these important issues make for a strong bid for the 5 million in EU funding.

Food market: making the existing building safe and according to law, dividing the interior space and implementing basic services such as water and electricity Cleaning services : daily service for cleaning the building especially in the spaces used as a market during the morning. Garden : expenses for the redevelopment of the garden and for the furnishings to make it attractive, plus the expenses for the license to sell alcohol and food. Shared space: making the existing building safe and according to law, dividing the interior space and implementing basic services such as water and electricity Source of profit The primary source of revenue is the sale or rental of the non-social housing share, the rental of the social housing, the rental of the commercial space for the market vendors and the daily rental of the co-working space.

Plan B: Funding via private owners, bank sector and private investor. NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

153

Main action

Action category

7 parks 7 Wonders linear park

Streets in-between

Right to Cologno Street interventions

Bike Cologno

Bike infrastructure

Torriani Community Market

Market

15 4

Specific action Playgrounds Ground chess boards Tables Benches Equipments Historical boards Basketball and footbal courts Fountain Vegetation Linear cost based on Casa dell'acqua park Planting Vegetation Gardening and maintanance Equipments Benches Painting Parklets permits Parklets Pedestrian street Pedestrian street Corner interventions Tactical urbanism Website Participatory platform Cycle paths Bike parkings Bike sharing stations Co-housing Construction costs Co-working Shops Food market (basic space infrastructure: electricity and space division) Cleaning services and maintanance Greenery Garden Pavement Action groups

Quantity 4 2 20 100 7 2 1 200 165560 780 780 60 1560 undefined 1 undefined 1 17,45 7 15 4680 8170 6120

Unity un un un un un un un un m² m² m² un m² un un un un km un un m² m² m² m²

1 month 5680 m² 10340 m²

hly

Estimate cost per unity € 25.000,00 € 275,00 € 500,00 € 200,00 € 800,00 € 11.000,00 € 50.000,00 € 90,00 € 26,60 € 15,00 € 85,00 € 200,00 € 5,00 -€ 750,00

Specific action total cost Main action total cost € 100.000,00 € 550,00 € 10.000,00 € 20.000,00 € 5.600,00 € 22.000,00 4.405.000,00 € 50.000,00 € € 18.000,00 € 4.403.896,00 € 11.700,00 € 66.300,00 € 12.000,00 € 7.800,00 € -

€

500.000,00

€

500.000,00

€ € € € € € €

5.000,00 68.765,00 71.425,00 1.550,00 2.250,00 700,00

€ € € € € € €

5.000,00 1.199.949,25 499.975,00 7.254.000,00 18.382.500,00 4.284.000,00

€ € € €

TOTAL

€ € € €

€

Provider of funds Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality/surrounding actors Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Private interested actors Municipality 505.000,00 Municipality Municipality Municipality/interested companies 1.700.000,00 Municipality/ATM BikeMi Ex-Torriani owner Ex-Torriani owner Ex-Torriani owner Ex-Torriani owner through project 29.920.500,00 profits Market space rental Ex-Torriani owner Ex-Torriani owner 36.530.500,00

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

155

Conclusions We would like to conclude by reflecting on the concept of 15 seconds city; following these months of work we realize that the first approach seems to deal with a theme associated with soft mobility and walkability and therefore we are dealing with a multiplicity of issues. In light of that, reflecting on the 15-minute city described just now, we believe it would be very challenging to plan a system for that small area on your own. The actions that we propose are small interventions that promote the achievement of the general objectives of the 15 minutes city, as well as prerequisites for the development of this new type of habitability. Nevertheless, cities are only able to be realized with the participation of citizens and the community and therefore with people who accept a new way of living the city, one that is different from their everyday lives due to the cultural conformity of the city.

15 6

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

157

Bibliography Comune di Sesto San Giovanni – Il Portale del Cittadino. (n.d.). comune sesto san giovanni. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://sestosg.net contributori di Wikipedia. (2021, May 7). Cologno Monzese. Wikipedia. https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cologno_Monzese Cost Analysis of Bicycle Facilities: Cases from cities in the Portland, OR region. (2013). Weigand L. McNeil N. & Dill J. The Costs of Cycling Infrastructure. (2021). European Cyclists’ Federation. DobesovÃ¡, Z. (2018). 10 Walkability Index in the Urban Planning : A Case Study in Olomouc City Zdena Dobesova and Tomas Krivka PalackÃ½ University in Olomouc Czech Republic 1 | Semantic Scholar. Semantic Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10-Walkability-Index-inUrban-Planning-%3A-A-Case-Dobesov%C3%A1-Krivka/ Dragotto, E. (2020, November 30). Cologno (Milano), venduta dopo 20 anni d’abbandono l’enorme area ex Torriani. MilanoToday. https://www.milanotoday.it/zone/cologno/venduta-area-ex-torriani. html Durkin, E. (2020, December 8). Shaun Donovan launches mayoral campaign. Politico PRO. https:// www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2020/12/08/shaun-donovan-launches-mayoralcampaignGrist. (2021, April 7). The economic case for on-street bike parking. https://grist.org/biking/2011-04-11-theeconomic-case-for-on-street-bike-parking/ Heart Foundation Walking. (n.d.). Heart Foundation. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://walking. heartfoundation.org.au/uploads/pdf-files/Community%20Walkability_Editable Home. (n.d.). Geoportale della Lombardia. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.geoportale.regione. lombardia.it/ Home ATM, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi ATM, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. (n.d.). ATM. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.atm.it/it/Pagine/default.aspx HousingLab. (2020). Housing Lab. http://www.housinglab.it/hlab/ Krizek, K. J., & Stonebraker, E. W. (2011). Assessing Options to Enhance Bicycle and Transit Integration. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2217(1), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.3141/2217-20 La place de la Bourse et le miroir d’eau. (n.d.). Bordeaux Tourisme & Congrès. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.bordeaux-tourisme.com/sites-monuments/place-bourse-miroir-deau LA Walkability Checklist | Urban Design Studio | City of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Urban Design Studio. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from http://urbandesignla.com/resources/LAWalkabilityChecklist.php

15 8

Mercado la Boqueria Barcelona | Mercado de las Ramblas. (2018). Bouqueria Barcellona. http://www. boqueria.barcelona/inicio Mook, D. (2020, September 16). Bicycle Parking Guidelines. Ground Control Systems. https://www. xgroundcontrolsystems.com/resources/tools-assets/bicycle-parking-guidelines/ Nextdoor becomes WOJO. (n.d.). Accor. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://group.accor.com/en/ Actualites/2019/05/wojo-nextdoor-coworking Paris, M. (n.d.). Budget Participatif - Paris. Mairie de Paris. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https:// budgetparticipatif.paris.fr/bp/ Popolazione per età, sesso e stato civile 2020 - Lombardia. (n.d.). Tuttitalia.it. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/statistiche/popolazione-eta-sesso-stato-civile-2020/ Public Square on. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://twitter.com/cnupublicsquare/ status/1358765664274644993?lang=fi Turning the 600-year-old Beijing Longfu Temple area into the next Sanlitun-Jiemian Global. (n.d.). Jiemian. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://en.jiemian.com/article/3741519.html Typical Costs of Cycling Interventions :Interim analysis of Cycle City Ambition schemes. (2017). Taylor I. & Hiblin B. Yeung, P. (n.d.). How “15-minute cities” will change the way we socialise. BBC Worklife. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20201214-how-15-minute-cities-will-change-theway-we-socialise

NEIGHBORHOOD PL ANS FOR THE 15-MIN CIT Y

159