History of the A-School by UVA School of Architecture

HIS TORY OF THE

A SCHOOL K. Edward Lay A School Built Upon the Foundation of Mr. Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Principles of Architecture

Lay, K. Edward History of the A-School, A School Built Upon the Foundation of Mr. Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Principles of Architecture University of Virginia School of Architecture, Charlottesville, 2013 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher, except in the context of reviews. Editors: Blake McDonald, Louis Nelson, Effie Nicholaou, and Seth Wood Design: Cally Bryant ÂŠ 2013, Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia University of Virginia School of Architecture Campbell Hall PO Box 400122 Charlottesville, VA 22904 www.arch.virginia.edu Memories and Faculty Biographies will be online

TA B L E O F CONTENTS Foreword by Dean Kim Tanzer Preface by K. Edward Lay Prologue: Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia 1 Sidney Fiske Kimball 1888-1955 (Tenure 1919-1923) 2 Joseph Fairman Hudnut 1886-1968 (Tenure 1923-1926) 3 Alfred Lawrence Kocher 1885-1969 (Tenure 1926-1928) 4 Edmund Schureman Campbell 1884-1950 (Tenure 1928-1950) 5 Frederick Charles Disque 1891-1957 (Tenure 1950-1953) Interim Director 6 Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick 1910-1994 (Tenure 1953-1966) 7 Joseph Norwood Bosserman 1925-1997 (Tenure 1966-1980) 8 Jaquelin Taylor Robertson 1933- (Tenure 1980-1987) 9 Harry William Porter, Jr. 1936-2011 (Tenure 1987-1994) 10 William A. McDonough 1951- (Tenure 1994-1999) 11 Karen Van Lengen 1951- (Tenure 1999-2009) 12 Kim Tanzer 1955- (Tenure 2009-2014) Afterword Acknowledgements Source Bibliography First Degree Graduates in the U.Va. School of Architecture Books by U.Va. A-School Alumni Major Books by U.Va. School of Architecture Faculty U.Va. School of Architecture Administration U.Va. School of Architecture Alumni List *Blue text refers to blue images

FOREWORD It was my honor to become the twelfth dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia in July 2009. As I began to meet the School’s thousands of alumni, along with faculty I had not known through national contexts, staff, and other friends of the School, I came to know the community’s proud traditions and its fierce ambitions. Loyalty to the School and the University, a deep love of the University of Virginia experience -- in Charlottesville and abroad -- and gratitude for lessons learned here, pervaded conversations with everyone I met. Many times these sentiments were expressed in the form of stories, and I began to recognize patterns of appreciation and experience.

source material. We hope this database will allow historians, alumni, or others interested in the legacy and trajectories of the School of Architecture to search for information for their own use, and to add to this unfolding, multi-faceted narrative for years to come.

In reading drafts of Professor Lay’s history, and in meeting alumni and friends over the past several years, I have come to recognize a series of decades-long threads that connect the School’s work. I hope that, as you read this book, you will recognize some I have identified, and perhaps others to be further developed in future work. Chief among these recurring themes is a focus on sustainability. During my deanship we have unpacked this broad term by defining research themes, which I characterize as Because I met so many people so quickly, and because “six ways to sustainability.” They include a focus on I was eager to learn about the School, I invited design and health, community design and research, Professor Emeritus Ed Lay to write a brief history of a focus on the regeneration of cultural landscapes, the School. I am extremely grateful that he agreed, the importance of expanding multi-cultural and and pleased to offer this first, major component of global awareness, a recognition of the importance Professor Lay’s work. His work has been exhaustive of connective infrastructures in building resilient and, with the help of many, many alumni, will always communities, and a strong tradition of disciplined remain a necessarily incomplete project. To allow and exploratory visualization in service of excellent the School’s history to remain alive, we are in the design. process of creating a parallel online database which It is striking that graduates 50 years out of school are will capture the dozens of recollections Professor equally proud of the School’s drawing traditions as Lay received from alumni, along with his thorough are today’s recipients, of, for instance, the Nix and catalogue of faculty biographies and other primary

Pelliccia fellowships. I am inspired, too, that todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students, focused on the health of communities, find partnerships among successful alumni working in the healthcare industry, or creating bike-able communities in major cities. Needless to say, a highly developed design sensibility, an emphasis on responsibility to the greater good, and the ability and desire to lead, infuse all of the Schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work. I hope that, as you read this book, you will take time to reflect on your own relationship with our beloved School of Architecture, with lifelong friends you have made, with professors that inspired you, and with the many lessons you learned here. It has been my privilege to serve as dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia, and it will be my joy to pass along this gift to our next dean, and to the entire A-School community.

Kim Tanzer FAIA DPACSA Dean and Edward E. Elson Professor Charlottesville Virginia September 2013

PREFACE Upon Kim Tanzer’s arrival as Dean of the School of Architecture in September 2009, she asked me to write this History of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia. Dean Tanzer had been president of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, and in conjunction with its 100th anniversary, she suggested that all architecture schools in America write a history of their school. Two years later in September 2011, this manuscript was completed for the School of Architecture of the University of Virginia, and an abbreviated version issued to alumni during the 25th anniversary of the Dean’s Forum at Monticello in 2013. The book is arranged beginning with Jefferson’s thoughts on architecture and the University, then chronologically by deanships in twelve chapters. Over almost 100 years since 1919, there have been over 650 faculty and more than 7,500 alumni. Not only have the faculty been extraordinary, but the alumni are equally so, with outstanding accomplishments that include major awards and college teaching appointments. Together, these faculty and alumni have published about 300 major books. Rather than endnotes or footnotes, a bibliography from which information was gleaned is included at the end as an appendix.

K. Edward Lay

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

PROLOGUE: JEFFERSON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

Thomas Jefferson And Architecture

In 1780 the Virginia state capital was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond, and Jefferson was At Thomas Jefferson’s 250th Birthday Celebration at appointed to head a committee for the public buildthe University of Virginia on 13 April 1993, Mikhail ings to be constructed there. In 1784 he replaced Gorbachev stated that “having once begun a dialogue Benjamin Franklin as minister to France, and during with Jefferson, one continues the conversation a visit to Nîmes, he saw the first-century B.C. Maison forever.” Jefferson, as a new member of Congress, was Carrée, considered by Jefferson “the best morsel of referred to as “a gentleman of thirty-two who could ancient architecture now remaining.” It became calculate an eclipse, survey an estate, tie an artery, his model for the new Virginia Capitol and as such plan an edifice, try a cause, break a horse, dance a ushered in the Classical Revival period, being the minuet, and play the violin.” The man who would first building patterned after an ancient Roman become the nation’s third president was born on 13 temple, and perhaps designating Jefferson as the April 1743 at Shadwell estate in central Virginia and founder of neo-classicism in America. It antedated died on the Fourth of July 1826, within a few hours by twenty years the 1807 Madeleine in Paris, one of the death of John Adams and fifty years to the day of the first European temple reproductions. Peter after the ratification of the Declaration of IndepenHarrison’s Redwood Library in Newport, Rhode dence, which Jefferson wrote. He was certainly a Island, had preceded it in 1750, but that structure’s renaissance man. During his lifetime he played many form was not from an extant ancient temple but from other roles—lawyer, colonial legislator, revolutionary Palladian influences in eighteenth-century publicaleader, governor, diplomat, secretary of state, vice tions; in addition, as a state capitol Jefferson’s temple president, architect, and landscape architect, to name had much greater influence. At Jefferson’s request a but a few. He spoke five languages, read in seven lanplaster model of the Maison Carrée was constructguages, and accumulated three libraries, the largest ed by Frenchman Charles-Louis Clérisseau, “only containing about 7,000 volumes. Our understanding changing the order from the Corinthian to Ionic, on of Jefferson is enriched by the fact that he left some account of the difficulty of the Corinthian capitals,” 65,000 documents behind, including 19,000 of his and shipped to Richmond to be used together with personal letters and more than 500 drawings. But Jefferson’s drawings in the construction of the from within this world of accomplishment, what capitol. That model is on display in the capitol today. concerns us here are his significant contributions to architecture and the University of Virginia.

JEFFERSON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

Monticello, K. Edward Lay

and yellow fever conqueror Walter Reed, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson, polar explorer Richard E. Byrd, U.S. vice president Alben Barkley, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and at least seven governors.

Jefferson’s University Jefferson wished his gravestone epitaph to read “Author of the Declaration of Independence, of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, and the Father of the University of Virginia” because, as he stated, it was “by these as testimonials that I have lived I wish most to be remembered.” Jefferson’s crowning architectural achievement, the University of Virginia, was designated by the American Institute of Architects in 1976 as the “proudest achievement of American architecture in the past 200 years.” He designed this masterpiece between 1817 and 1826, from the time he was age seventy-six until he died at age eighty-three. The Lawn—the terraced heart of Jefferson’s architectural vision—was, as he wrote, the “hobby of my old age.” He referred to the University of Virginia as the “last of my mortal cares, and the last service that I can render my country.” He also referred to it as his “academical village,” “based on the illimitable freedom of the human mind.” As early as 1805 Jefferson stated that his “university would be a village, not a big building,” and when he envisioned what was initially known as Central College, he thought of it as the “germ from which a great tree may spread itself.”

Jefferson revered the work of the sixteenth-century Italian architect Andrea Palladio. In fact, he owned five editions of Palladio’s Quattro Libri; one was a pocket version. Isaac Coles, one of Jefferson’s friends, paraphrased Jefferson’s attitude toward Palladio and his architectural philosophy for a mutual friend, General John Hartwell Cocke, in 1816: Palladio he said ‘was the Bible.’ You should get it and stick close to it. . . . The height of a room should be equal to its width. . . . The Tuscan order was too plain—it would do for your barns, etc., but was not fit for a dwelling House—the Doric would not cost much more & would be vastly handsomer. . . . Dinsmore he recommends . . . as a good and faithful workman [who] would build you a house without any false architecture, so much the rage at present.

Jefferson based his designs for the University on both Palladio’s examples and his own knowledge of ancient architecture. The Roman Pantheon of 126 A.D., with which Jefferson was familiar through the books of Palladio and others, served as the model for the Lawn’s Rotunda. This domed building intended to house the library became a half-scale version of the Pantheon; its central position in Jefferson’s composition was suggested by architect B. Henry Latrobe. The Hôtel de Salm already had influenced Jefferson’s remodeling of Monticello, and with its colonnaded courtyard, it also might have inspired the Lawn itself. In 1818, the Virginia General Assembly granted Certainly, the Château de Marly near Versailles and $15,000 to establish a state university and the next year chartered the University of Virginia at the site of the Certosa di Pavia, which he also visited while Central College. The University opened for classes in minister to France, have similarities to the layout of the buildings that form the Lawn. In 1810 Jefferson 1825 and since then has matriculated many significant people, including poet Edgar Allan Poe, typhoid had recommended such a plan for the University of Tennessee, and his plan in turn resembled Union

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

University of Virginia Lithograph, 1856 Bohn Print, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

College in Schenectady, New York, designed by Jean Jacques Ramée and built just two years earlier, although there is no evidence Jefferson knew of its plan. For the site of the University, Jefferson preferred a tract owned by John Kelly north of the Three Notch’d Road, a half mile west of Charlottesville, but Kelly would not sell it. Advertisements for sites resulted in offers from John H. Craven to part with his land north of town; Nicholas Lewis, whose land lay east of town; and John M. Perry, whose tract lay one mile west. Perry’s offer was accepted as the least expensive. On 6 October 1817, the cornerstone of Pavilion VII was laid with Perry, members of the local Masonic lodge, and three U.S. presidents—Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe—present. Jefferson, his master joiner James Dinsmore, and Captain Edmund Bacon, his overseer for twenty years at Monticello, earlier had laid out the foundation of the University. As Bacon recalled about 1861: My instruction was to get 10 able-bodied hands to commence the work. I soon got them, and Mr. Jefferson started . . . to lay off the foundation. . . . An Irishman named Dinsmore and I went along with him. . . . I went to Davy Isaacs’s store and got a ball of twine, and Dinsmore found some shingles and made some pegs. . . .

Mr. Jefferson looked over the ground some time and then stuck down a peg . . . and then directed me to where to carry the line, and I stuck the second. He carried one end of the line, and I the other, in laying of [sic] the foundation. He had a little rule in his pocket . . . a small 12 inch rule . . . 3 inches long when folded . . . that he always carried with him, and with this he measured off the ground and laid off the entire foundation, and then set the men at work. Later, Jefferson used a theodolite to lay out the University with precision. Bacon later stated that “Dinsmore . . . was the most ingenious hand to work with wood I ever knew. He could make anything. He made a great deal of nice mahogany furniture [and] helped make the carriage”, together with the slave John Hemings. At 3:00 P.M. on 5 November 1824, to celebrate the return of the Marquis de Lafayette to America, a dinner was held in the partially completed Rotunda. Some 400 guests sat at tables arranged in three concentric circles. A feeble Jefferson came down the mountain from Monticello for the affair, and James Dinsmore was one of many to give a toast to “Mr. Jefferson,” in his case to “Thomas Jefferson, founder of the University of Virginia.” Anatomical Hall, a dissection theater, was one of the

JEFFERSON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

last buildings of Jefferson’s design and was completed after his death. It was square in exterior plan, but octagonal inside, with stepped seating on all four sides and surrounded by wall lunettes and a lantern at its roof peak. Supposedly, body parts were stored in the triangular spaces at the corners. The only Jefferson-designed building at the University to be demolished, it was razed in 1938 when Alderman Library was built.

the road at the edge of the West Range was originally macadamized. The increasing number of student rooms and the sloping parterres gave the illusion of greater perspective from the south where the Lawn was entered from the old Three Notch’d Road. At this point a lower parterre with a retaining wall was constructed and functioned as a ha-ha, in this case preventing cattle from entering the Lawn and, because the feature was devoid of a fence, allowing an unobstructed view. The French expression “ha-ha” is As with Monticello, Jefferson’s University and Lawn derived from what was said when first experiencing are studies in contradictions and inconsistencies. it. Jefferson intended the Lawn itself to be expanded Although the academical village, which includes by extending its student rooms, pavilions, and colonpavilions that early faculty used both for housing and nades to the south as needed. classroom space, appears to be symmetrical, it is a subtle study in asymmetry. No two of its ten pavilion Aside from grass, the Lawn at first had little landplans are alike. Pavilion doors do not align across the scaping, but by 1830 double rows of locust trees had Lawn, and each pavilion exhibits a different facade been planted along each side. By midcentury, grass composition, in keeping with Jefferson’s intention fields to the west and garden plots to the southwest of that they serve the students as models of the different the Lawn were designated for use by the ten faculty orders of ancient architecture. members. The Lawn itself has receding terraces that slope from north to south, while the west gardens are relatively level and just to the west of the West Range, the land slopes from south to north. The east gardens are twenty feet wider than those on the west and slope steeply from west to east. And the brick serpentine-wall-enclosed pavilion gardens on both sides expand from north to south to accommodate the increasing number of student rooms between pavilions. In this way it is an exemplar of architectural landscape design. Beyond the gardens on each side stand the Ranges, which include student rooms as well as three hotels, where students dined. Behind each hotel, a serpentine wall subdivided the gardens, which probably were intended to provide plots for growing vegetables for hotel use. A macadamized alley ran between each garden to permit access to the Lawn from the Ranges, in perhaps one of the first uses of such paving in America. Certainly archaeology has indicated that

In most colleges of the day, especially those laid out in a similar manner, the central building was the chapel. At the University of Virginia, however, the central building was the Rotunda. Patterned after Rome’s Pantheon, the Rotunda housed the University’s initial library and thereby became the college’s center of learning. As at Monticello, a wooden truss modeled from French architect Philibert de l’Orme’s 1561 book was used to support the Rotunda’s dome room roof. Jefferson envisioned the ceiling being painted blue with gilt stars to depict the constellations. Had the project been completed, it would have produced the first planetarium in America. The Rotunda’s double-curved spaces on the two lower levels were the first such cyma spaces seen in the United States. The East and West Ranges, with student rooms between their hotels, each have an all-weather passage composed of brick arcades; one-story, Tuscan-columned colonnades on each side of the Lawn

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

serve the same purpose. It has been observed that the colonnade probably had its columns of pie-shaped bricks covered with unpainted brownish stucco to resemble stone, and its bases and capitals cut from stone, as Jefferson himself suggested: Would it not be best to make the internal columns of well-burnt brick, moulded in portions of circles adapted to the diminution [entasis] of the columns? Burlington, in his notes on Palladio, tells us that he found most of the buildings erected under Palladioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s direction, and described in his architecture, to have their columns made of brick in this way and covered with stucco. I know an instance of a range of six or eight columns in Virginia, twenty feet high, well proportioned and properly diminished, executed by a common bricklayer. The bases and capitals would of course be of hewn stone. The colonnade passages on each side of the Lawn were connected at the Rotunda by two below-ground-level all-weather wings lighted by lunettes. These spaces formed the gymnasia, where Jefferson expected students to exercise. The roofs of the Lawn colonnades, edged with wooden Chinese railings, were used by professors as private exterior passages linking the second floors of the pavilions, where the professors lived. These roofs

were constructed in a manner similar to those on the Monticello terraces to form V-shaped conductors of rainwater to gutters and eventually to cisterns. Several of the pavilions had balconies hung with wrought-iron rods so they would not engage the columns. This is believed to be the first use of such suspended balconies in America. Since one such rusted rod fastening caused the Pavilion I balcony to collapse at a 1997 graduation with fatal results, all of the rods were replaced with stainless steel ones. The lower Lawn level of each pavilion contained classrooms and sometimes an office. The land then sloped off enough to the rear of the pavilions to allow direct entrance to a ground-floor kitchen and sometimes a dining room. The pavilions originally had parapet walls that obscured their gables and gave the impression of flat roofs. In 2010, Pavilion X was restored with a flat parapet roof of Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s original concept. Intricately folded Welsh tin covered the roofs themselves, similar to the roofing installed at Monticello after Jefferson had one of his master builders inspect an example in the Shenandoah Valley in 1818. The architectural significance of this area rests on the continuing influence of Thomas Jefferson and his artistic achievements in his native Albemarle County and elsewhere: his home, Monticello 1768-1809, the Richmond State Capitol 1785, his Bedford County

JEFFERSON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

retreat Poplar Forest 1806, and the University of Virginia 1817-1826 located in Charlottesville, the county seat of Albemarle. It is further supported by the many examples of Jeffersonian classicism later constructed by his master builders within the county’s borders and beyond. Both Monticello and the University are on the World Heritage List, which includes such notable buildings as the Pyramids of Egypt and the Great Wall of China.

Architecture Instruction at the University of Virginia In 1782 Thomas Jefferson had written in his Notes on the State of Virginia: Architecture being one of the fine arts, and as such within the department of a professor of the college, according to the new arrangement, perhaps a spark may fall on some young subjects of natural taste, kindle up their genius, and produce a reformation in this elegant and useful art. In formulating a program of education for the state of Virginia in 1814, Jefferson proposed a plan of different educational levels: ward schools teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, and geography; a general or second grade of instruction in language and history, mathematics, and philosophy; and a third or professional grade which included both architecture and the fine arts. About 1818, in the Rockfish Gap report issued to the legislature detailing the courses of study for the emerging University of Virginia, Jefferson proposed subjects including architecture and the fine arts. Although there was to be no definitive instruction in architecture or fine arts until the twentieth century, and despite the limitations imposed on his broad vision for the school, Thomas Jefferson nonetheless was able to insure that every student would have an intimate and daily exposure to both subjects.

He designed the Lawn and its buildings “to be of various forms, models of chaste architecture, as examples for the school of architecture to be formed on.” It was intended that professors would lead their students around the Lawn and the Rotunda, pointing out the differing characteristics of each of the orders represented, ranging from the simple Doric of the pavilions at the south end of the Lawn to the elaborate Corinthian at the north end. By seeing copies of fine examples of those orders, students would learn about “that most noble adornment” of architecture. As Jefferson wrote, the pavilions were to be “chaste models of the orders of architecture taken from the finest remains of antiquity.” Modifications imposed on the curriculum resulting from financial necessity neglected the fine arts as an area of formal study. Even so, architecture was not entirely neglected. Architecture was first treated as a subject within the school of mathematics; presumably taught by Thomas Hewitt Key 1798-1875, who came to the University of Virginia in 1825 as a professor of mathematics. By 1832, William Barton Rogers, the noted geologist, was teaching courses in architectural drawing and construction. But soon thereafter, attention to architectural education at U.Va. waned.

A Jefferson Legacy: His Master Builders In 1786, Jefferson declared that “English architecture is in the most wretched stile I ever saw, not meaning to except America where it is bad, nor even Virginia where it is worse than in any part of America.” Jefferson certainly didn’t leave anything to the imagination! Only the year before, he had collaborated with the French architect Clerisseau for the plaster model of the Virginia State Capitol patterned after the Maison Carree in Nimes, France. He was constantly searching for skilled builders for his many projects.

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As early as 1771, Jefferson had asked Thomas Adams of London to find him an architect for Monticello, and six years later Jefferson tried to acquire British war prisoners as builders. Neither ever materialized, but in 1781 he did procure three white carpenters and one slave for the erection of a fort at Hoods on the James River; it was never completed. In 1789 as Secretary of State, Jefferson recruited Scottish stonecutters and architects for the Federal city plan, U.S. Capitol, and the President’s House in the District of Columbia. After he resigned in Philadelphia as Secretary of State in 1793, he acquired Stephen Willis for rebuilding Monticello, and he looked for builders in Philadelphia, which had fine workmanship and brickwork and one of the oldest trade unions in America, The Carpenters Company. In 1797 as vice president of the United States, Jefferson sent a local brickmason to Philadelphia to learn stone masonry and plastering. In 1800, he became president of the United States, and three years later, he involved British architect B. Henry Latrobe and his Chief of Works Robert Mills in the procurement of builders for the U.S. Capitol. The construction of the University on the former John M. Perry tract a mile west of Charlottesville in the foothills of the Ragged Mountains began in 1817, and that undertaking spurred similar activity throughout the community. Speculative develop-

ment soon began along the one-mile stretch of the Three Notch’d Road running through the open fields between the University and downtown. The impact of Jefferson’s construction project soon exhausted the local labor pool. Years earlier, in 1796, the duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt had noted in his Travels through the United States that “there are not four stone masons in the whole county of Albemarle,” and as late as 1819 one of Jefferson’s master carpenters complained of “the difficulties we labor under here in procuring good workmen.” Even before the University became a reality, Jefferson showed his concern by proposing a county technical school to offer instruction in architecture for builders and those interested in the fine arts. The school never materialized. The lack of sufficiently skilled local builders for the University was quickly apparent, and advertisements in Staunton, Richmond, and Philadelphia newspapers in 1819 brought many to the University, including twenty from Philadelphia alone. Others came from as far away as Northern Ireland (then called Ulster), England, and Italy. These carpenters, brickmasons, stonemasons, plasterers, painters, glaziers, and other craftsmen not only lived in the community but also undertook other projects in the region. Some of them were well read and obviously educated. After Jefferson’s death in 1826, many continued to practice

JEFFERSON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

their crafts in the area and produced some very fine buildings. Thomas Jefferson employed more than 200 able craftsmen and builders during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to build his home, Monticello; his Bedford County retreat, Poplar Forest; and the University of Virginia. This number did not include the builders’ slaves, who also labored on the buildings, or other workmen employed by the builders. Referring to the building of the University, Jefferson wrote: I suppose the superintendence of the buildings will rest chiefly on myself as most convenient. So far as it does I should wish to commit it to yourself and Mr. Nelson [sic]. . . . [I]t will open a great field of future employment for you. He was writing on his seventy-fourth birthday to forty-six-year-old James Dinsmore, a master joiner, or carpenter, with a gift for creating elegant woodwork. Jefferson’s letter makes mention of John Neilson, another master joiner. Dinsmore and Neilson had lived and worked at Monticello until 1808, been employed by President James Madison at Montpelier until 1810, and worked on Upper Bremo Plantation between 1817 and 1820. These two accomplished Northern Irishmen became Jefferson’s most prominent master builders at the University and overseers of his work. True to Jefferson’s prediction, they subsequently remained in the forefront of American building activity until their deaths.

History of Architecture Instruction in America American universities did not begin to teach architecture on a professional and systematic basis until the later nineteenth century. The first college in the United States to offer instruction in architecture on a permanent basis was the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Professor William R. Ware in 1865. Next was the University of Illinois in 1868. Cornell in New York established a program in 1871, and Syracuse University followed suit in 1873. Columbia University in New York City created its department in 1881.Henry Hobson Richardson and Richard Morris Hunt, giants of the architectural profession in the second half of the nineteenth century, were both trained in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts. From the 1860s through the First World War, a great number of American architects were École trained. They in turn were to pass on the influence of the École to men who apprenticed in their American offices. Their backgrounds and attitudes toward education were to have a profound impact on how American institutions organized their programs in architecture. Many of the first architecture schools were founded in the American South, where a new sense of cultural identity sourcing from the Southern Populist Movement drove educators to form academic programs to match those of Northern universities. Tulane University was the first Southern school to have an architectural program, initiated in 1894. Other schools followed: Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in 1905, Alabama Polytechnic at Auburn in 1907, Georgia Institute of Technology in 1908, the University of Texas in 1909, Rice Institute in 1912, and Clemson College in 1917. The time was ripe for the University of Virginia to fulfill the vision Thomas Jefferson had foreseen for the University almost a century before. It was not until the close of the First World War, however, when a gift from Paul Goodloe McIntire in 1919 made it possible to establish the McIntire School of Fine Arts, that a formal curriculum in architecture at Jefferson’s University was at last established.

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S I D N E Y F I S K E K I M B A L L 18 8 8 -19 5 5 ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 19 -19 2 3) H A R VA R D B A A R C H 19 0 9, H A R VA R D

M A R C H 19 12 , M I C H I G A N P H D FA 19 15

Historical Context: The American Renaissance The “American Renaissance” at the turn of the twentieth century embraced the past by adapting elements from antiquity to create a new American style. Architects studied in Europe at such institutions as the École des Beaux-Arts in France, where they became steeped in the classical vocabulary. The École emphasized the study of Greek and Roman structures, composition, symmetry, and wash or watercolor renderings. Americans saw themselves as inheritors of the cultural legitimacy of the French École. Founded in 1671 by Louis XIV and Colbert, the Académie Royale D’Architecture functioned until 1793. Through various incarnations the École des Beaux-Arts has continued to the present.

Rome also received a scholarship that entitled them to further study at the French Academy in Rome. Diplomas were not awarded by the École des BeauxArts until after 1867.

The student would present himself to an architect who became his patron; the architect’s atelier, or studio, would become the vehicle for the student’s introduction to the entrance examination to the École. Students began at the entrance level of seconde classe, and over the course of the next few years accumulate the knowledge and skills necessary to progress to première classe. Performance and experience allowed the student to compete for the Grand Prix de Rome, instituted in 1717, as the highest distinction that could be attained. Winners of the Grand Prix de

Another early American to attend the École was Henry Hobson Richardson. Later other famous architects followed: John Mervin Carrere, Thomas Hastings, Bernard Maybeck, Julia Morgan, and Louis Sullivan. Many of these eclectic architects designed traditional buildings, referred to as the Period Phase, that were not purely classical but based on examples from the Georgian or Colonial period and sometimes incorporated Federal and Greek Revival features. Houses in this early period became the progenitors of that long line of suburban houses in the

École des Beaux-Arts methodology was brought to the United States by American students at the École. The first among them was Richard Morris Hunt, who upon returning to the United States, established an atelier of his own in New York City, where he trained William Ware. As head of architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the first such school in America founded in 1868, Ware became instrumental in promoting the École tradition.

SIDNEY FISKE K I M B A L L 19 19 -19 2 3

Sidney Fiske Kimball, 1925, courtesy of Philadelphia Museum of Art

so-called “Williamsburg Style” that are often degenerate descendants in the hands of less able architects and builders. A favorite church model in the period was St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London, which was designed by James Gibb and completed in 1726.

The depression era of the 1930s actually benefited traditional architecture. In order to provide employment to the out-of-work population, in 1933 the federal government formed the Historic American Buildings Survey, which meticulously executed measured drawings of such buildings and, in 1935, From 1890 on, books on the principles of composithe Works Projects Administration, which recorded tion stressed “Composition” and “Character,” and historic buildings. Many historians and architects publications and expositions profoundly influenced were employed in these endeavors, which resulted in architecture during this period.. Many publications investigations that could be used as examples for new popularized styles. William Rotch Ware published traditional buildings. In 1949, the National Trust The Georgian Period in 1898, a book in such demand for Historic Preservation was established; in 1966, that it was reprinted a quarter of a century later. Pubthe National Register of Historic Places; in 1969, the lications related to urban planning and design such Historic American Engineering Record to record as 1922 The American Vitruvius: An Architects’ Handbook of historic engineering structures; and in 2000, the Civic Art by Werner Hegemann and Elbert Peets also Historic American Landscape Survey. became popular. The earliest preservation effort in America was begun In addition to publications, national expositions by the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association in 1858 awakened interest in America’s architectural heritage after a group of farsighted women failed to persuade and reflected its view of itself as heir to Europe’s either the Congress or the Commonwealth of Vircultural legacy. The first was the Centennial Exhibiginia to preserve George Washington’s Mount Vertion of 1876 in Philadelphia’s Fairmont Park, which non. In 1928, with the support of oil magnate and celebrated the birth of the nation a century before. philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, the restoration of This successful exhibition was followed in 1893 by Williamsburg was begun. Today, Colonial Williamsthe World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, burg’s research and staff (which includes several of which commemorated the discovery of America four the University’s architecture school graduates) conhundred years earlier. In Virginia, the Jamestown tributes greatly to historic preservation efforts. In the Tercentennial Celebration occurred in Norfolk in 1960s, the federal government mandated that each 1907. This celebration was chaired by architect John state form an historic preservation office to survey Kevan Peebles, who in 1893 had designed the Uniand protect historic structures, and in 1966 the presversity of Virginia’s Fayerweather Hall, which later ent Virginia Department of Historic Resources was housed the School of Architecture.

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

View of The Lawn from Cabell Hall , K. Edward Lay

established for that purpose; it, too, employs several of the University’s architecture school graduates.

Establishment of the School of Architecture The first president of the University, Edwin Anderson Alderman, was a native Southerner born in 1861 in Wilmington, North Carolina. He was educated at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the oldest of America’s state universities. After graduating in 1881, Alderman accepted his first teaching position in the Goldsboro, North Carolina, school system, where he became involved in a movement supporting popular education in the South. In 1893, he was elected to the professorship of history and philosophy at Chapel Hill, and in 1896 he became president of the University of North Carolina. After North Carolina, Alderman was elected president of Tulane University in New Orleans in 1900. During his two presidencies, Alderman successfully urged such innovations as the admission of women to post-graduate courses, and became familiar with architectural education. In 1904, Alderman was appointed the first president of the University of Virginia. Between 1919 and 1931, he oversaw the formation and development of the architecture school. In a letter from his friend, Walter Hines Page, Alderman received some advice

that he would put into full usage during his tenure in Charlottesville: While Jefferson laid the foundations, go, you, & build; if you have a building chance… God bless you, prosper you, give you freedom, boldness dash and the temper to build; for the builders of things are the only great men. Alderman’s speech at his installation stated clearly his expectations of Virginia: “This is not the state that once lay beaten with the stripes of war and misrule; wealth and power are here, and our great need as a people is to invest in education.” Alderman was acutely aware that if he were to assume the mantle of Jefferson and “build,” he would have to face the problems of finance and development. The Jefferson Memorial Fund had begun before his arrival at the University, and Alderman expanded the fund with private contributions, fulfilling all donor obligations by 1909. In his painful solicitations for funds from the State, Alderman had truly inherited the mantle of Jefferson. “The true function of a college president,” he wrote, “is to maintain the highest educational standards, to understand what society needs in human training, and to see to it that educational opportunities grow higher from year to year.”

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In his Founder’s Day Address of April 1915, Alderman called for a School of Art and Architecture at the University and stressed “the vital importance of the subject.” Four years later, Charlottesville native Paul Goodloe McIntire, a student at the University from 1878 to 1879, and a member of the Board of Visitors from 1922 to 1934, made a gift of $155,000 to establish the McIntire School of Fine Arts. The school would include architecture as an appropriate curriculum within the broader term of “fine arts.” McIntire wrote to President Alderman, “I sincerely hope that the University will see its way clear to offer many lectures upon the subject of art and music.” McIntire, who made his fortune as a broker in New York and Chicago generously funded many projects in Charlottesville. At the University, he also endowed the McIntire School of Commerce and provided funds for the construction of the McIntire Amphitheatre. His donations to the City of Charlottesville paid for the construction of the city’s monuments to George Rogers Clark, Lewis and Clark, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson.

The First Head of the School of Architecture The year 1919 not only marked the centennial anniversary of Jefferson’s founding of the University of Virginia, but also the arrival of Sidney Fiske Kimball as the head of the University’s architectural curriculum. On 2 May 1919, President Alderman sent a telegram and letter to Kimball:

My Dear Kimball, I have the honor and pleasure to inform you of your election, by the Rector and Visitors of the University, at their meeting on May 1, to the Professorship of Art in the University of Virginia, at a salary of $3,000, incumbency to begin with the session of 1919-20. I assure you of my desire to aid you in every way to make your work here a success, and shall hope to have a conference with you upon your reporting for duty, looking towards the closest cooperation. There is a great field for development in the subject you come here to teach; and I have confidence that you will carry the matter forward with skill and energy. Kimball, at age thirty one, was—and remains—the youngest person ever hired to direct the architecture program. After Kimball’s appointment, Alderman wrote that he was “happy to be able to tell my friends of the matter” and went on to advise the University to take the opportunity for publicity in newspapers and art magazines. Plans for graduate and undergraduate study and art exhibitions were soon made. From this point on, the architecture program began to influence not only students and the architecture community, but the surrounding city of Charlottesville and Albemarle County.

Background on Kimball Sidney Fiske Kimball, known as the dean of architectural history in America and an authority on Jeffersonian architecture, was born in Newton, Massachusetts, on 8 December 1888 and attended

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Hotel E Annex, K. Edward Lay

high schools in Milton, Massachusetts, and then the Mechanic Arts High School in Boston. His father, Edwin, was headmaster of the Gilbert Stuart School in Dorchester, Massachusetts, and a descendent of Richard Kimball, who immigrated to Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1636. In 1905, Fiske Kimball began his college education at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and continued his studies at the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard. He graduated with a bachelor of arts summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1909 and then stayed at the institution to pursue his Master of Architecture degree. While at Harvard, he received the Bowdoin Prize and was presented the Boston Society of Architects Prize in 1910. As a recipient of a Frederick Sheldon Fellowship, Kimball studied for a year in Europe. He served as assistant to the professor of architecture, George Chase, teaching art history, and in 1912, he graduated with his master’s degree and began teaching at the University of Illinois. The Architecture program of Harvard and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts model heavily influenced Kimball’s teaching method and beliefs. The Harvard program provided a thorough examination of the history of architecture, art, and civilization. The degree required courses in the fine arts, the history

of civilization, and architectural history, as well as technical and compositional classes in drawing, design, and construction. The examination process involved a series of problems modeled on the esquisses and projets rendus of the École des Beaux-Arts. According to Kimball, Harvard students “tended to graduate into teaching, writing, and editing rather than practice.” His career, in fact, included notable contributions in all of these areas. In addition to Harvard’s program, Kimball’s early design training was heavily informed by the model of the École. In a policy statement written in 1913 for the University of Illinois he writes: The advantages of such a method . . . are many, as first exemplified by its enormous success in the École des Beaux-Arts. . . . The problem in the architectural course has been to effect a transformation parallel to the almost miraculous evolution which American architecture has undergone in the last two decades as the crown of a new material civilization. From tasteless copyism, Jerry-building, and patchwork, has emerged an architecture of truly classical purity, dignity, and breadth. Those who condemn much of this architecture as imitative and exotic forget the fundamental unity of our culture with that of Europe, and forget likewise the inevitable fusion of the derived elements in a new

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whole, already recognizable as characteristically American. The Beaux-Arts system provided a structure for composition, which resulted in tightly organized designs revealing a hierarchy of space and movement. Processional axes were laid down, and spaces juxtaposed along them according to function. The elevations of the building could then be composed reflecting the forms dictated by the plan. The stylistic expression chosen for these projects was usually classical, but despite the structures of a classical approach, the student was “taught to avoid on the one hand blind copying, or merely archeological study, and on the other capricious innovation for the sake of novelty.”

and A History of Architecture, co-authored with George Harold Edgell and published in 1918. He also served as editor of The Monuments of Classical Architecture in 1919. Additionally, in 1915 he had been awarded the first Sachs Research Fellowship in the Fine Arts for the study of early American architecture, and he used the fellowship to fund his research on Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Robert Mills, and William Strickland. (He later authored four other books: Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic 1922, American Architecture 1928, The Creation of the Rococo 1943, and Great Paintings in America; One Hundred and One Masterpieces in Color, Selected and Interpreted with Lionello Venturi 1948.)

It was while teaching architectural history and design at the University of Illinois that Kimball met Marie Goebel, daughter of professor Julius Goebel, and they were married on 7 June 1913. That fall, the Kimballs moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Kimball became an instructor at the University of Michigan Architecture School. He earned his Ph.D. in Fine Arts from Michigan in 1915 and, from 1918 to 1919, he served as an assistant professor with oversight of the university’s Department of Fine Arts.

After accepting the position as professor of architecture at the University of Virginia, Kimball announced that in late May 1919 that he “would come South in June to view the available facilities at Charlottesville.” In June, he selected Hotel E (then called 55 West Range) at the end of the West Range to be used as his residence and its attached annex for the new architecture school. Eventually, his successors—Hudnut, Kocher, Campbell—would reside in Hotel E, too.

Kimball’s years at Michigan were busy and productive. During this time, he completed three books: Thomas Jefferson and the First Monument of the Classical Revival, published in 1915; Thomas Jefferson: Architect, published in 1916 (in which Kimball proposed the idea that Thomas Jefferson is the “Father of our Classical Architecture”);

In early July 1919, Kimball wrote to Clarence A. Martin of Cornell University, the Secretary of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. In a deft adaptation of the facts, Kimball announced “the establishment of a new professional School of Architecture at the University of Virginia on

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Architecture School Faculty and Students, c1923, gift from Mrs. Marshall S. Wells to K. Edward Lay

an endowment of $155,000.” Kimball listed the expected strengths of the new school and stressed “the splendid background provided by the University buildings themselves, both the old ones of Jefferson, which were specially designed to provide models of all the orders for the architectural lecturer, and the new ones of Stanford White and others.” It would be the intention of the new school, Kimball stated, to qualify for membership in the association in the future, and he asked that the association’s standards be sent for study.

for the renovations, as well as the purchase of casts, books, photographs, and lantern slides. Afterwards, he planned to arrange for equipment and exhibitions from outside Virginia.

The lecture wing, previously a chemistry laboratory, also received alterations. Kimball contrived to alter half of the old chemistry tables for drafting by cutting them in two lengthwise and then into sections. He asked for a simple droplight over each table. The remainder of the tables he ordered to be cut up and their tops used “to sheath the walls from the dado to Despite these professions of intent, Kimball had the string course of the coved ceiling.” This would decided on the form of the new program, based on his allow the posting of photographs and student work own educational experience at Harvard, Illinois, and and would serve as the architectural drafting room. Michigan, and the circumstances at the University of A darkroom and a studio for freehand drawing were Virginia. On 8 July 1919, he sent a copy of a four-page located beneath the lecture room. Kimball asked that leaflet to be given to prospective students and to be a cabinet from the hotel be installed in his office in put into the University catalog. one of the adjacent dormitory rooms for the storage of lantern slides. Paints, finishes, and a decorative Before leaving his home in Milton, Massachusetts, in border, which he planned, would await his personal mid-July for Maine, Kimball dispatched drawings to attention on his arrival in early September. the University of Virginia that indicated how Hotel E and its annex could be transformed to its new use. A tentative outline for coursework was developed in The plans included a lecture and exhibition hall concert with President Alderman and James Morris thirty-five by fifty-five feet in size, an architectural Page, dean of the academic schools at the University drafting room, a studio for freehand drawing and of Virginia: painting, a darkroom, and offices. McIntire’s original They would include at least one general course donation to the school provided the necessary funds in the history and appreciation of the fine arts

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including architecture, sculpture, and painting— the three terms of which being devoted successively to Ancient times, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and Modern times. The work outside the classroom would be so arranged that men desiring to take up architecture as a profession would be able, should they transfer to another institution, to receive credit in the courses in the history of architecture there.

much smaller drop in the bucket even for a beginning than you anticipate. Although this opinion should have been especially discouraging, as Kimball had represented the entire McIntire endowment as a resource of the art and architecture programs, he quickly responded with an optimistic parry: You will understand that the endowment provided by Mr. McIntire specifically for the school by no means exhausts the resources which are available even at first . . . and that while we appreciate the difficulty and expense of building up equipment and personnel, we feel that circumstances are not unfavorable. Among these circumstances we count the fact that the school does not begin as a branch of the Engineering School but is administratively distinct, and in touch with the work in the other arts.

Kimball remarked that the preparatory work at Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the first year in architecture was similar to what could be achieved by a student taking courses in both the Department of Engineering and the School of Fine Arts at the University of Virginia. Dean Page set the number of hours required for the new degree at sixty-three or more. He advised Kimball that the program would have to be approved by the faculty and the Board of Visitors of the University. This, in Page’s opinion, was “a matter of form,” and Kimball was basically given He further noted with satisfaction that while the a free hand in the formulation of the program. The initial scheme for the school was a first step in what architecture program was becoming a reality. was ultimately to be achieved, it nonetheless conformed with the standard minima. On his return to Charlottesville from Maine in late July, Kimball found a letter from Clarence Martin of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Martin had sent the Association’s Standard Minima indicating admission requirements. He expressed his opinion that

at the present time none of the schools is doing any really good work in architectural education, and I fear you will find your endowment a very

With the catalogue and facilities taken care of, Fiske Kimball turned his attention to hiring an assistant professor. The man who occupied the position would have primary responsibility for the course in freehand drawing. Kimball made his recommendation from Michigan: I am today sending . . . the nomination of S.J. Makielski. . . . Makielski, who comes of a gifted

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Shack Mountain, K. Edward Lay

artistic family, is an American born here of Polish parents, and served as a Lieutenant in the Aviation Service during the war. In his twenty-eight years he has had a varied experience, and having finally taken up architecture had had some two and a half years of collegiate work in it at the time he entered the service. He plans to complete the work for his professional degree with us, and will be our first advanced student. Although the character of his work in drawing and painting is sufficient to justify the rank of instructor, I have thought that since he will be working for his degree at the same time it will be best to give him the rank of assistant. The salary, however, will have to be in accordance with his experience and the work he will give.

structures and the elements of large compositions”), and advanced architectural design (“problems in the design of complex structures and ensembles”). Makielski taught freehand drawing and painting courses, and collaborated with Kimball in teaching an architectural drawing class.

On 14 October 1919 at the University’s Board of Visitors meeting, Makielski was appointed an instructor at a salary of $900 for the 1919-1920 academic session.

In the first couple of years, the School expanded its course offerings in architecture. During the 19211922 session, Kimball taught a non-credit course in the principles of professional practice, and Makielski taught two courses in architectural construction and a third in building equipment. On 12 June 1922, the School graduated its first students. This first graduating class consisted of three students, who were awarded Bachelor of Science in Architecture degrees: Joseph Julian DeBrita from Corona, New York; Washington Irving Dixon of Norfolk, Virginia; and faculty member Stanislaw John Makielski. On 17 October 1922, the Board of Visitors appointed Louis F. Voorhees as an instructor in architecture.

The first class of architecture students, which contained eleven students, entered in September 1919. Meeting in the renovated Hotel E annex on the West Range, the McIntire School of Fine Arts offered three courses in art and three courses in architecture. Kimball taught a survey course in the history of art as well as architectural design (“design of simple

Makielski (1893-1923) was a member of the architecture faculty from 1919 to 1965. The second person hired, Louis Francis Voohrees (1892-1974), had studied under Kimball at the University of Michigan where he received his MS Arch in 1917. In 1926, he designed the Zeta Psi fraternity, a precursor of Kimball’s own retirement house, Shack Mountain.

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Kimball Retires On 7 March 1923, only four years after his appointment, Kimball announced his departure from the University to President Alderman: It is with a great deal of regret that I must ask you to transmit to the Board of Visitors my resignation as Professor of Art and Architecture to take effect September 1st, 1923. As you know, my intended removal to New York is in the direction of my chief interests and desires. It has, however, been a very great pleasure to teach and work here for the last four years, and I shall never regret the efforts made in the formative period of the school here, nor cease to take an interest in its success. I can never forget the cordial support I have always had from you and from the Board, and I trust my departure will not put an end to the delightful personal relations which I have here enjoyed. On 17 April 1923, the Board of Visitors announced the resignation of “Fiske Kimball as Professor of Art and Architecture.” Despite his short time at Virginia, Kimball left his mark on the architecture around the University. Kimball designed the Faculty Apartments at Beta Bridge in 1917, the University’s McIntire Amphitheater in 1921, and, with the help of Stanislaw Makielski, Memorial Gymnasium in 1922-1924. Allegedly, the amphitheater was constructed in a borrow pit from which earth had been excavated earlier to build the parterre for Stanford White’s building

grouping at the southern end of the Lawn. Additionally, Kimball headed a team of architects formed by President Alderman in 1921 as an Architectural Commission. The team, Fiske Kimball, Walter Dabney Blair, John Kevan Peebles, and Robert E. Lee Taylor, worked with William Alexander Lambeth, the University’s superintendent of buildings and grounds. Kimball was the youngest member of the team. Interestingly, Lambeth (1867-1944), head of physical education and superintendent of buildings and grounds from 1905 to 1930, along with landscape architect Warren H. Manning, published the first study of Jeffersonian architecture, Jefferson as an Architect and a Designer of Landscapes in 1913. After U.Va., Kimball continued with a successful career. In the summer of 1923, the Kimballs moved to New York City, where Fiske Kimball created the graduate program at the Institute of Fine Arts in New York University. Two years after arriving in New York, he was appointed director of the Pennsylvania Museum of Art (later the Philadelphia Museum of Art), a position he retained until shortly before his death in 1955. A year after masterminding the “Jubilee Celebration” of the Philadelphia Museum of Art’s 75th anniversary in 1950, Kimball was presented with the city of Philadelphia’s prestigious Bok Award. Additionally, Kimball was a pioneer in the restoration of historic sites and buildings; his projects included Colonial Williamsburg, Stratford Hall, Gunston Hall, and Monticello, where he was chair of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation’s Restoration Committee in 1924.

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

His own retirement home, Shack Mountain, was built between 1935-1937 in Albemarle County. The name, Shack Mountain, was in reference to the Shackelford family who had owned the property in the eighteenth century. Throughout the last half of 1935 and all of 1936, he “played” with design ideas for his modern house, testing alternatives and variations on the classical Jeffersonian model. The design included a main entrance portico and an octagonal plan based very closely on prototypes he knew well at Monticello, Farmington, and Poplar Forest with paired-column portico, demi-octagonal ends, and triple-hung sash windows.

inscriptions of which face in a southern direction, the Kimballs’ grave markers are flat, perfect squares with the inscriptions facing Monticello. Carl Zigrosser, curator of prints and drawings at the museum in 1941, wrote the following tribute to Kimball in the World of Art and Museums 1975: Fiske Kimball had a commanding, almost formidable, physical presence, a height of over six feet, with ample girth, created, as he used to say, by his wife Marie’s good cooking. There was a touch of gaucherie in the movement of his bulk; he often reminded one of a bull in a china shop. His most formidable feature, however, was his cannonball head with its roundness emphasized by the shortness of his haircut. From it emanated persuasive ideas and an undeviating purpose. He was a titan of directed energy. The direction came from his sense of dedication to the Museum.

The house stands as a testimony to Kimball’s understanding of, and ability to assimilate, Jefferson’s design principles. It has a perfect setting with open vistas over Virginia’s Piedmont region from the culmination of a wooded ridge overlooking Ivy Creek in western Albemarle County. Along with Monticello and the University of Virginia’s Rotunda and the Academical Village, Shack Mountain has been desig- Kimball is commemorated by the Fiske Kimball Fine nated a National Historic Landmark. Arts Library at the University of Virginia. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Rho Chi, and Five months after Marie’s death in March 1955, Fiske the Raven Society ; president of the Virginia Society Kimball died in Munich, Germany, on 14 August of the American Institute of Architects (VSAIA); a 1955 while conducting research. He was buried in historian for the national AIA; a member of the exMonticello Memory Gardens alongside his wife. ecutive committee of the Archaeological Institute of Contrary to the cemetery’s other gravestones, the America; and chair of the Virginia Art Commission.

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Student Life Along with the growth of the academic program, the 1920s also saw the rise of The Kallikrates Chapter of the Alpha Rho Chi architecture fraternity. Architecture students from the universities of Michigan and Illinois first established the professional fraternity in 1914 and its three Greek letters were chosen because they depict the first three letters of the word “architecture.” Kallikrates, or Callicrates, was an Athenian architect of the sixth century before Christ. He was the associate of Iktinos in the planning of the Parthenon. In January of 1922, The University sent two delegates, H.J. Lawrence and W.I. Dixon, to the conference to take the oath and officially install the Kallikrates chapter of the Alpha Rho Chi fraternity at the University. Although the Hotel E Annex housed the first school of architecture, apparently some architecture studios were elsewhere. In the 1 January 1923 issue of The Archi published by the honorary Alpha Rho Chi architectural fraternity, it was stated: On the second floor of Cabell Hall, looking out between the beautifully detailed Ionic capitals of its portico at the Rotunda and the Lawn, beautiful and rich in tradition, is the drawing and painting studio of the Architectural Department—a large room with a high ceiling pierced by two large skylights, its green-gray walls decorated with casts and specimens of the work of the Department. In this room, less than a year ago, the Kallikrates Club of the University of

Virginia was installed as Kallikrates Chapter of Alpha Rho Chi.. . . [We] could never forget this room in Cabell Hall and the nights we have met there, the ties we formed there, the chapter we founded there. There will always be sixteen men who, as long as they live, will have a special place in their hearts for that room. By 1924, the fraternity had taken up residence: a brick cottage [they called it Archi House] on Carr’s Hill for our home next year. Everything about it is fine. The atmosphere on the hill is very refined and salubrious, but it is a bit too restraining to live between “Prexy” [President’s House] and the Supt. of Grounds and Building [Dr. William Alexander Lambeth’s House]. The house is a literal stone’s throw from the department’s new home [Fayerweather Hall]. The house name probably derives from the idea that if a person is an Alpha Rho Chi man, he is an Archi, and his house is the Archi House. Three years later in 1928 the honorary no longer had a chapter house, although they were trying to acquire University land upon which to build a house.

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J O S E P H F A I R M A N H U D N U T 18 8 6 -19 6 8 ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 2 3 -19 2 6) AT T E N D E D H A R VA R D 19 0 9, M I C H I G A N B S A R C H 19 12 , P E N N , C O L U M B I A M A R C H 19 17

Historical Context: Carr’s Hill In 1833, Mrs. Lucy Brockenbrough opened the first inn for students on the land then known as Brockenbrough’s Hill, just northwest of the Rotunda at the corner of University Avenue and Rugby Road. After a few property transfers, it was sold to Mrs. Dabney S. Carr as a boarding house that operated from 1854 to 1863, thus becoming known as Carr’s Hill. In 1867, the University acquired the property, and student housing on the hill became the University’s responsibility. Since then, Carr’s Hill has developed into the location of the Arts Complex, President’s House, and various athletic fields central to the endeavors of the University. Dr. William Alexander Lambeth (1867-1944), a physician who was head of buildings and grounds from 1905 to 1930 and considered the father of the University’s athletics program, built a house with classical gardens to the northeast of Carr’s Hill, approximately on the site of the present University of Virginia Art Museum. The Board of Visitors minutes of 7 Nov 1934 reflect the dilemma of confiscating his house there: The President brought to the attention of the Board the claim of Dr. W.A. Lambeth for reimbursement for expenditures made by him in the construction of his residence on Carr’s Hill

over and above the amount allocated for same, and the capital improvements and additions made to the property since its construction, amounting to something over $1,500. Dr. Lambeth had stated as his reason for not having made the claim at an earlier date was that when the cottage was erected for him, he expected to occupy it until his retirement and that such additions and improvements were made to add to his comfort. Furthermore, no rent was charged him for the cottage for approximately ten years after its erection, but in order that he might be in conformity with the rule set up early in the administration of the late President Alderman, Carrs Hill Dorms, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

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Joseph Fairman Hudnut, Frances Loeb Library, Harvard Graduate School of Design

he had been charged rent at the rate of $212.50 per annum; that his cottage was demolished to make room for the Bayly Art building forcing him to find other quarters; that the University provided him with a residence until September 1, 1934, when he got possession of the residence he erected near the Memorial Gymnasium. The President advised the Board that the University had a claim against Dr. Lambeth for $1,181.00 for unpaid rent, etc. Following some discussion of the matter, it was referred to the Chairman of the Buildings and Grounds Committee and the President for settlement. (Note: Subsequent to the meeting the Chairman of the Buildings and Grounds Committee and the President compromised the claim, allowing Dr. Lambeth $590.80.) The University’s principal athletic field was built on twenty-one acres to the north of Carr’s Hill between 1901 and 1903 and named Lambeth Field in honor of Dr. William Alexander Lambeth (1867-1944), the father of the University’s athletics program. It required the removal of 48,000 cubic yards of earth. By 1913, a classical segmental stadium for seating fans, the Colonnades, was built from the design of architect Robert E. Lee Taylor (1882-1953) of Baltimore at a cost of $35,000.

with a Diocletian therm window was built first in 1908, possibly using part of an existing dormitory, and the house was completed a year later. After White’s murder on 25 June 1906, the architects William Kendall and William Richardson of the firm of McKim, Mead and White probably completed White’s design in 1909. During the 1920s, in order to expand the Fayerweather architecture school facilities, a frame “drafting barn” with a shed monitor for north light was constructed on Carr’s Hill; it was still there in 1957 but has since been razed. Just after the turn of the century, Warren H. Manning (1860-1938) of Boston was associated with site planning at the University. A protégé of Frederick Law Olmstead and assistant landscape architect for the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, he was retained to organize a plan for fraternity houses on Carr’s Hill that included the quadrangle containing Delta Tau Delta (Sigma Phi 1911), Kappa Sigma (1911) attributed to architect James J. Burley of New York, and Chi Phi (1922) by architect Eugene Bradbury of Charlottesville.

Fayerweather Hall, situated at Rugby Road on the east slope of Carr’s Hill, was designed by John Kevan Peebles (1866-1934) and his AIA Gold Medalist partner J. Edwin R. Carpenter (1867-1932) to serve At the turn of the century, the famous architect as the University’s gymnasium. Allegedly, it was the Stanford White (1853-1906) was commissioned largest gymnasium in the South then built. After to design a house for University President Edwin the building of Memorial Gym at the University in Anderson Alderman on Carr’s Hill. A carriage house 1924-1925, Fayerweather Hall became the School of Architecture.

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

(Left and right images) Fayerweather Hall, David Skinner, Special Collections U.Va. Library

These years saw the resurgence of classicism and other traditional historic building styles executed by these talented architects. Until late in the twentieth century, few of the buildings constructed at the University were in any style other than classical. Fiske Kimball’s handpicked successor as head of the architecture program was thirty-seven-year-old Joseph Fairman Hudnut, who had taught art history courses during the University’s summer session in 1920. His nomination was put to the Board of Visitors by President Alderman at its 17 April 1923 meeting, and Hudnut was elected professor of art and architecture to begin with the 1923-1924 session.

Joseph Fairman Hudnut Born at Big Rapids, Michigan, in 1886, and the son of a bank president, Hudnut attended Harvard University and then worked for two years as a draftsman in Chicago. He then entered the University of Michigan, where he received a Bachelor of Science in Architecture degree in 1912. Before his appointment at the University of Virginia, Hudnut was appointed to head the School of Architecture of Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn, where he remained for three years. He resigned from Auburn in 1915 to engage in graduate studies in

art at Columbia University. During this period he also pursued an interest in city-planning projects in Milwaukee and Chicago—receiving an award in the Chicago City Club Competition for a civic center. The club got him to publish a book on the subject and to prepare designs for Chicago community centers. He received his master of arts degree from Columbia in 1916. After serving in the First World War in France, Hudnut returned to New York City following the armistice to open his own architectural office, which

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specialized in residences and churches. The office produced a number of domestic designs, some of which were published in Arts and Decoration (July 1922). In addition to his practice, he was a gifted watercolorist, member of the Sal Magundi Club of New York, and an authority on Georgian architecture, an interest parallel to Fiske Kimball. Although both Hudnut and Kimball had the same educational background in classical architecture and the Beaux-Arts methodology, Hudnut gradually migrated toward High Modernism after his departure from U.Va. .... Kimball saw classicism, as then practiced, as the second American Classical Revival: a national architecture that was the legitimate successor to Jefferson’s architectural achievements. Hudnut grew to embrace functionalism and to eschew stylistic forms. According to Jill Pearlman, Hudnut’s move to adopt modernism came about from his civic design when he met the German city planner, Werner Hegemann, in 1917 in Milwaukee. His work with Hegemann resulted in Hudnut’s first article on picturesque neighborhood centers, and he remained in that firm until about 1922. Later Hudnut recalled that what impressed him most was Hegemann’s belief that city planning was the basis for a socially integrated architecture. While in the office, Hegemann along with landscape architect Elbert Peets in 1922 had written the influential The American Vitruvius: An Architects’ Handbook of Civic Art, in which Hudnut had a few drawings. Previously, Hudnut had designed

very traditional buildings: one for the president of Alabama Polytechnic Institute patterned after the Federal style 1808 Homewood in Baltimore, and his church designs included the First Methodist Church in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia, which is considered to be an excellent example of Jeffersonian Classicism. In addition to his position as the head of the architecture program, Hudnut was appointed to fill Kimball’s role on Virginia’s State Art Commission. The appointment, recommended by Alderman, was

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officially recognized by Governor E. Lee Trinkle on October 1923. This office served to bind the University’s art and architecture school to preservation and architectural history in Virginia by involving students in sketching trips and in making measured drawings from early buildings. These activities had an effect on the teaching of architectural design at the School.

The Architecture Curriculum at the University of Virginia Hudnut added a new course to accommodate growing enrollment in the 1924-1925 session. The new course, Renaissance and Modem Art (Art C-2), was an intensified study of the history of art from Giotto onward, which previously had only been covered in a general way by the existing History of Art course (Art B-1). Both of these courses were taught by Hudnut. The 1925-1926 catalogue demonstrated the continuing influence of the École des Beaux-Arts on the design curriculum of the School. Each of the design studios included a description noting the emphasis on the “analytiques and esquisse-esquisse of the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design.” No changes were made in the course schedule for the 1925-1926 session. The number of students participating in the art and architecture offerings increased from 112 in 1923 to 263 in 1926.

Hudnut noted that the new facilities at Fayerweather had greatly enhanced the School’s efficiency and potential. Just as the École des Beaux-Arts was the recognized European model for architectural education, Harvard’s architectural school had become a recognized American center of advanced education in architecture. Hudnut sought to take advantage of Harvard’s professional offerings by proposing a joint program with the Ivy League school: students would receive a Bachelor of Science in Architecture degree at the University of Virginia and then have the option to go to Harvard and receive a Master in Architecture degree after an additional two years of study, instead of the four additional years usually required. As Hudnut conceived it, the work undertaken at the University of Virginia would consist of the cultural subjects deemed necessary to the education of an architect (mathematics, French, history, and the history of art), and those required as the basis for a professional education (drawing, design, and problems in construction). The program at Harvard would emphasize advanced professional study. Harvard’s program was normally expected to take four years after completion of a pre-requisite bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree. In addition to the advantage of a six rather than eight year time frame, Hudnut justified his proposal as follows:

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1 It is a course in which cultural and technical subjects are associated in a systematic way throughout six years of study. The technical subjects necessary for an architect’s training require in themselves four years of study. But architecture ought not be taught as a craft only; it is obviously a learned profession which ranks with law and medicine. The extension of the course to six years will permit the inclusion of cultural subjects without abridging in any way the necessary technical study. But this cultural study will not, as in the usual B.A. or B.S. course, be disassociated with professional study. 2 It will postpone the period of advanced professional study and yet provide for early development of the artistic faculties.

Site of the Drafting Barn

The average student who has not advanced beyond high school grade is not prepared to approach properly the major subjects of a profession. Yet it is essential that an architect should begin at the earliest possible moment to learn to draw, to develop an appreciation for beauty in form and line, to become familiar with artistic ideas and the history of these ideas, and to have some experience with the artist’s way of working. The usual undergraduate professional course, such as now given at Virginia, does not provide properly for this development; nor is it usually provided for in a B.A. or B.S. course. 3 It will permit a student to take the fullest advantage of the special qualities of the two schools which are associated in this course. Virginia is the best possible university for a southern student, but we are obviously poorly equipped for instruction in the major subjects of an architect’s education. Such instruction requires an extensive equipment, a large architectural library, museums, a faculty of specialists, and a civic environment. The proposed course will include in the first four years given at Virginia sufficient professional work to serve as a basis for the future practice of architecture should the student be unable to continue his study at Harvard. At the end of these four years he will be better equipped for ultimate success than are the students who complete the present four year course at

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Virginia. A student who, having completed the first four years of the proposed course, continues his professional study at Harvard will take up this advanced work, under the stimulus of a new environment, at a time when he is best able to receive the utmost benefit from it. Such a student will receive, I believe, the best preparation for architecture which can be obtained in the United States.

several design courses alongside English, French, and history. Tuition fees were increased and laboratory fees were reduced. The number of students participating in some portion of the School’s courses went up from 170 in the 1924-25 session to 263 in the 1925-26 session.

The Rector and Board of Visitors accepted Hudnut’s reasoning and resolved to establish the Virginia-Harvard curriculum. The required coursework for the implementation of the program consisted of an initial four years at U.Va., with a more general distribution of courses that included English composition, French literature, and European history together with introductory design studios and classes in architectural drawing and art history. The final two years of study took place at Harvard, where students engaged with more technical topics such as advanced design and theory and building specifications. The program culminated in the sixth year with a thesis project.

By the time Hudnut officially became professor in the fall of 1924, the architecture program had moved from the Hotel E Annex into new larger quarters in Fayerweather Hall on Rugby Road. The previous June, the Board of Visitors had approved an appropriation of $1,535.00 for “transforming the old gymnasium into a home for the Department of Architecture and Art.” Hudnut and assistant professor Stanislaw Makielski prepared plans and specifications for the work, and the alterations were completed in time for the beginning of the fall session. The Archi of Alpha Rho Chi (15 November 1923) recalled the plans for converting Fayerweather Hall into the School of Architecture:

The Virginia-Harvard Program was in place during the 1925-1926 session. The merger permitted for the omission of a number of courses in engineering from the former program, and the addition of

The School of Architecture’s move into Fayerweather Hall

Prof. Hudnut is doing splendid work with us this year, and we have found him well fitted in every respect to take the leadership of the school which Kimball built up during his four years at Virginia. He has been actively engaged from the

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start in improving conditions. The old gymnasium is to become the home of the School of Architecture after the first of the year, and plans for remodeling are now being prepared. In the new building there will be a private library and club room, several drafting and lecture rooms, together with an exhibition hall, in which gifts to the school and student work will be kept. Our new gymnasium, which was designed by Kimball, is rapidly nearing completion. It will be the largest gymnasium in the East and is to cost $600,000. The new wing to the Medical group, also the work of Kimball, is well under way.

allowed the remodeling of the space above the vestibule and offices at the south end of the building. New stairways, also added at this time, led up to a series of three exhibition galleries. Plans initially called for an expansion into the basement to provide facilities for art lecture classrooms. However, the space was needed for temporary laboratories for the Medical School, so several sessions were to pass before the McIntire School of Fine Arts could realize that goal.

The exterior of Fayerweather Hall also received Hudnut’s attention. Some of the rich plaster ornament of the pediment and frieze was removed, To convert the gymnasium to its new use, three large revealing the chaste lines of the portico and transwindows were installed in the north wall of the old forming it into a form more closely in line with the exercise room. The running track in that room was examples designed by Jefferson on the Lawn. The removed, and the space was partitioned off with rear wall of the portico was changed by the closure wooden screens to create four areas. The largest room of several windows and the installation of a deeply served as a studio with a high open-trussed roof and recessed monumental doorway with a high, glazed whitewashed walls. Ample light was provided by the transom. The wall itself was treated with stucco and great windows at the north and by lighting fixtures colored grey to offer a contrast to the red brick of suspended overhead. The studio displayed the school’s the building and the white trim of the cornice and collection of casts, with pride of place given to the pediment. Venus, Discobolos, Hermes, and Apollo—large-scale Professor Hudnut’s announcement of the completion reproductions of antique sculptures— presented to of the work must have pleased the University visionthe school by Professor Fitzhugh and formerly used in the Cabell Hall studio. The second-largest area was aries who had conceived the school, as it appears to used as an atelier by the architecture students. At each have validated their intentions: end of this space were two small rooms, one serving as The school has now passed definitely out of an a library, the other as a classroom. experimental stage. The arts of architecture, painting, and sculpture have now a definite A 1925 gift from Charles A. Crane of Chicago

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home in the University; enshrined in their new temple they are to play a greater and greater part in the life of the University and, through the University, in the lives of the people of Virginia.

Joseph Fairman Hudnut’s Departure Hudnut’s years at the McIntire School of Fine Arts were marked by two major achievements: the occupation of the new facility in Fayerweather Hall and the formulation of the joint Virginia-Harvard program. Other than an instructor hired while yet a student in the School, no new faculty were hired during his tenure. Having achieved his goals for the McIntire School of Fine Arts, Hudnut tendered his resignation to the Board of Visitors in April 1926 in order to accept a position as professor of the history of architecture at Columbia University at the invitation of his former professor, William Boring. The 27 April 1926 Board of Visitors minutes stated: RESOLVED, That the Rector and Visitors of the University accept with regret the resignation of Mr. Joseph Hudnut, Professor Art and Architecture. Mr. Hudnut has carried forward his work at this University with devotion and skill, and the Rector and Visitors wish him continued success in his new field. After leaving the University of Virginia, Hudnut

served as the dean of Columbia’s Architecture School before assuming the deanship of the Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1935. In these years, Hudnut’s architectural philosophy began to shift toward modernism, an evolution that culminated in his restructuring of Harvard’s architecture program with the help of Bauhaus architect Walter Gropius. Hudnut published a number of books and articles during this time, including the preface to Walter Gropius’ The New Architecture and the Bauhaus 1937, “The Last of the Romans: Comment on the Building of the National Gallery of Art” in the Magazine of Art 1941, and “The Post-Modern House” in Roots of Contemporary American Culture 1952. Joseph Fairman Hudnut retired from Harvard in 1953 and died three years later.

Student Life The Kallikrates Chapter of Alpha Rho Chi at the University of Virginia remained strong through the Hudnut years. In January of 1926, the University chapter hosted the fraternity’s eleventh annual convention. The weekend-long event took place at the Dolly Madison Inn in Charlottesville, with sessions during the first day, a formal dance in the evening, tours of Monticello and the University campus and a dinner hosted by Joseph Hudnut. In the Spring of 1926, the fraternity threw the first

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(Left) Fayerweather Hall, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Right) Drafting Barn, Carrs Hill from Copeley Dorms, Special Collections U.Va. Library

Beaux Arts Ball. The theme of the event was “A Night in Montmarte,” and fraternity newsletter The Alphi anticipated the event with excitement, stating: The evening of March 26, 1926, at the stroke of midnight the doors of Fayerweather Hall will be thrown open to admit the surging mob of Parisian merrymakers. The minute the interior of the hall is reached every form of home sickness should vanish. Here will be brought back to the Parisians the Montmarte in all the grandeur of its dilapidated shop fronts and sidewalk cafes. Dancing will last until sunrise (and if it is a cloudy day, oh boy!) to make way at intervals for bits of colorful pageantry and vicious apache encounters. Henry Browne, under Hudnut’s direction, and with the help of an able decorations committee, has everything ready to put up the most elaborate and appropriate decorations to suit.

The event appears to have exceeded expectations, with The Alphi reporting that: Fifteen minutes after the [Beaux Arts Ball] party started a blind man could see it would be a whoop. Everybody who attended, without exception, pronounced it the best ever. President Alderman, who stayed until the wee small hours, said that it was the best affair of its kind ever attempted at the University since he has been here. We’ve set the pace and the other dance clubs here are struggling to climb up with us.

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Historical Context: The Modern Movement The Bauhaus school in Germany in the 1920s produced many artists and architects who perpetuated the modernist movement. The Bauhaus school presented architecture’s version of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, replete with such dictums as “Less is more” and “Simplicity is the essence of beauty.” Borrowing from the Art Moderne and the Art Deco styles, the promoters of the International Style proclaimed it the indisputable final answer to the problems of ever-changeable “style.” It could be constructed anywhere, they said, and would last forever, never going out of style. There was no such thing as regionalism, and the exterior of a building reflected its interior spaces. In 1932, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City held its first architectural exhibit titled “Modern Architecture” and featured the work of architects from around the world in what was soon called the “International Style.” Its catalogue stated that it was intended to prove that the “stylistic confusion of the past 40 years [would] shortly come to an end.” In conjunction with that exhibit, Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson published their influential study The International Style: Architecture since 1922. Most architects educated after the Second World

War were trained as Internationalists. Such modern architects as Mies van der Rohe, LeCorbusier, and Frank Lloyd Wright became student idols. Wright was a major influence on both Gropius (founder of the Bauhaus) and van der Rohe, as well as on the whole of organic architecture. Gropius claimed that 100 Frank Lloyd Wright drawings that the architect had shared with Germany over a decade served as his “bible” for forming the Bauhaus. During his career, Wright built more than Mies, Le Corbusier, and Gropius combined. Minimalism was the key, and the interior was expressed on the exterior of buildings. Some colleges, such as Harvard, abolished architectural history classes so that no student would be influenced by the past but instead would create modern designs unencumbered by historical influences.

Alfred Lawrence Kocher The person chosen to succeed Joseph Hudnut as McIntire Professor of Art and Architecture was Alfred Lawrence Kocher. Like his two predecessors, Kocher approached architecture and architectural education from the point of view that it was a profession to be practiced by cultivated gentlemen. At the time

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Alfred Lawrence Kocher, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library

of his appointment, he was considered the ideal man to continue the work at the McIntire School of Fine Arts formulated by Professor Kimball. The Board of Visitors on 14 June 1926 confirmed Kocherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s appointment as Professor of Art and Architecture, beginning with the 1926-1927 session. The appointment included his nomination to the important post as member of the Virginia State Art Commission. Kocher was born in 1885 in San Jose, California. He graduated from Stanford University in 1909 with a bachelor of arts in history and studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1910 to 1912. He had been an instructor in architectural history and design at Penn State from 1912, where he was made assistant professor in 1914, associate professor in 1916, and professor and head of the department from 1918 to 1926. In 1916 he received a master of architecture degree from Penn State, and in 1923 his watercolor appeared in the Penn State LaVie yearbook and in the college senate. During this period, he also served as a faculty member of Sigma Tau engineering honorary, Scarab architectural honorary, and Sigma Phi Sigma social fraternity. From 1924 to 1926, he was in the Ph.D. program at New York University. He also attended the Bauhaus in Germany. While at Penn State, Kocher designed several buildings in State College, Pennsylvania. His work includes the Kocher House, 357 E. Prospect 1921-

1922; Henszey House, 320 E. Hamilton 1922; and Woodruff House, 234 W. Fairmont 1922; and with Frederick Disque, designed the State College High School in 1922. Additionally, Kocher studied the early architecture of the state and began a collection of salvaged early architectural elements during his time at Penn State. A part of this collection was incorporated in a house that he designed for himself in 1921.. He was author of Architecture of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 1919 and Fireplaces in England 1926 along with a series of 15 articles, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Early Architecture of Pennsylvania,â&#x20AC;? that appeared in Architectural Record magazine between 1920 and 1922, before being appointed managing editor of the magazine in 1927. Kocher had a deep interest in early American architecture.

Kocher at the University Under Kocher, the coursework for the degree programs remained the same, but student enrollment in the courses dropped. The overcrowding of University facilities in general was recognized as a contributing problem to the decreased interest in the architectural degree and course offerings. In his report to President Alderman, J.M. Page, dean of the academic schools, noted that overcrowding was acute on account of the vastly increased number of young men and women. . . . who since the World War are seeking admission to the college. This influx to the college is a result . . . of a complete

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change of the popular mind as to the value of a college education—a change brought about when the farmer, merchant, citizen, etc., noticed that the college graduate in the World War would be promoted to a second lieutenancy overnight; while the man who had never been to college would usually remain in the ranks. The non-college public then came to the conclusion that there must be something in college education, after all. Kocher, in noting the enrollment of 240 students in McIntire Art and Architecture courses (sixty-two of whom were candidates for the professional degree), called for additional space. The School was still unable to occupy the basement area of Fayerweather Hall. Kocher also felt that there was an urgent need for more reference material for use in teaching architectural design, drawing, and art. Classes in these subjects were conducted with the aid of illustrations from books, photographs, and lantern slides. A greater collection of resources for these classes would, Kocher believed, stimulate research work and “develop powers of observation and appreciation; … [creating] taste and understanding.”

ing a need, Kocher said that a permanent gallery space would promote the donation of gifts, and ensure even better quality donations. Furthermore, a permanent gallery would “make the fine arts a living reality in University life and… [add] vitality to the cultural and educational environment.”

Alfred Kocher’s Departure from the University In 1928, the Board of Visitors minutes stated: RESOLVED, That the Rector and Visitors of the University accept with regret the resignation of A.L. Kocher, Professor of Art and Architecture. Kocher has carried forward his work here with devotion and skill, and the Rector and Visitors wish him continued success in his new field.

On the heels of his two-year tenure at the University of Virginia, Kocher served for ten years as the managing editor of Architectural Record and then as a professor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. Under Kocher’s direction the magazine was transformed from a beaux-arts periodical into one espousing a broad concept of modern architecDespite new gallery facilities designed and construct- ture that encompassed education, social responsibiled in 1925, works of art gifted to the University had ity and concerns, modern design, and contemporary outstripped the capacity of the display area. Recogniz- materials and methods of construction. While at the

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Record, he maintained an active architectural practice in partnership with Gerhard Zeigler. Later, Kocher formed a partnership with the Swiss architect, Albert Frey. Together they designed the Aluminaire House, which Henry-Russell Hitchcock considered to be “among the most distinguished examples of the International Style in America.” In 1938, Kocher helped to reorganize the Department of Architecture at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and from 1940 to 1943, he was professor of architecture at Black Mountain College near Asheville, North Carolina. During the latter part of his life, Kocher returned to Virginia to pursue his interest in architectural history. A member of the Advisory Board of Architects of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation from 1928 until his death in 1969, he joined the foundation staff as architectural records editor in 1944. Kocher also lectured on fine arts at the College of William and Mary from 1944 until 1959 and was supervising architect for the restoration of Washington Irving’s house in Tarrytown, New York. Kocher invited Howard Dearstyne to serve as assistant editor of the architectural records of the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. Working both together and separately, Kocher and Dearstyne prepared monographs on approximately fifty buildings. They coauthored two books: Colonial Williamsburg: Its Buildings and Gardens (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1949 and Shadows in Silver: A Record of Virginia, 1850-1900 (Scribner, 1954). His library of more than 450 volumes became part of the research library at Colonial Williamsburg after his death there in 1969.

Kocher’s contribution to architecture in America was both as a pioneering advocate for modern architecture and as an advocate for the preservation of architectural landmarks. Kocher watercolor, courtesy Paul Dzyak, Penn State University, LaVie on line

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EDMUND SCHUREMAN CAMPBELL 1 8 8 4 - 1 9 5 0 ( U . V A . T E N U R E 19 2 8 -19 5 0) M I T B 1 9 0 6 , M I T M 1 9 0 7, É C O L E D E S B E AU X- A R T S PA R I S

Historical Context: Women and Black Students at the University During the period 1928-1950, the University did not matriculate women unless they had spent two college years elsewhere. This remained true even after the architecture program developed into its own School of Architecture in 1954, as reflected in the University of Virginia Record for the 1955-1956 session: To be admitted as candidates for an architectural degree, women must meet the entrance requirements [for credit from other colleges], must be at least 20 years of age on the birthday preceding matriculation, and must have completed at least 60 semester hours of work in a standard college. An even greater prohibition against the matriculation of African American students—even at the graduate level—was reflected in the 19 September 1935 Board of Visitors Minutes,: The question of the authority of the Dean of the Department of Graduate Studies to admit a colored student to the University of Virginia was referred to the Rector and Visitors. After a discussion of the entire subject, the following resolution was unanimously adopted:

RESOLVED, That whereas “The admission of white and colored persons in the same schools is contrary to the long established and fixed policy of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Therefore, for this and for other good and sufficient reasons not necessary to be herein enumerated, the Rector and Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia direct the Dean of the Department of Graduate Studies to refuse respectfully the pending application of a colored student. Edmund Schureman Campbell, oil, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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Campbell watercolor, Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library

Edmund Schureman Campbell The fourth faculty member to direct the University’s program in art and architecture was Edmund Schureman Campbell. Appointed by the Board of Visitors on 13 June 1927, he began his new post beginning with the 1927-1928 academic session. His twenty-two-year tenure as head of the McIntire School of Fine Arts, changed to the McIntire School of Art and Architecture around 1938, was the longest in School history when he retired in 1950. Although Edwin Alderman was president of the University at the time of Campbell’s appointment, much of Campbell’s tenure occurred during the term of the University’s second president, John Lloyd Newcomb, 1931-1947. Born in 1884, Campbell was a native of Freehold, New Jersey. He received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1906 and 1907, respectively, and attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Before his arrival in Charlottesville, he had accumulated twenty years of teaching experience as an instructor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology) and as dean of the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in New York. Like Kimball, he was knowledgeable about Jefferson and nineteenth-century Virginia architecture and was both an accomplished architect and artist. He

painted watercolors throughout his life, concentrating on scenes of Virginia but also painting views of his travels abroad. In 1922, some of his watercolors were displayed at the American Academy of Fine Arts, and in later years, his work was included in many national exhibits. Some of his artwork is displayed in the Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library at the University of Virginia. When Campbell first arrived as dean, the architecture program had a faculty of three: Campbell, Stanislaw John Makielski, and Lawrence Bernhart Anderson. Anderson (Minnesota BS 1926, Minnesota BS Arch 1927, MIT M Arch 1930, École des Beaux-Arts in Paris 1930-1933) later went on to become chair and dean of architecture at MIT from1947-1965.

Curriculum Changes The School’s method of teaching design was based on the methods originated by the École des Beaux-Arts and adopted by the American Beaux-Arts Institute of Design just before the turn of the century. The program of study included a number of exercises and projects, as well as competitions that were written by the institute and distributed to member schools throughout the country. Upon completion, the projects were sent to the institute to be judged. First mention was the highest award given to the “Class B”

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(Left) Beaux Arts Jury, c1994, SpecialCollections, U.Va. Library (Right) William Bainter O’Neal, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

or introductory level, while the advanced or “Class A” student could receive various medal awards. The Class B curriculum consisted of the analytique or orders problem, and a building design project. With the analytique, the student would learn how to draw rapidly the various elements of architectural detail, in preparation for the project, which was timed. The analytique was presented on one sheet with the chosen elements arranged in balanced composition and rendered with light and shadow in Chinese ink wash. The Class B project would consist of a building with a simple program. During the first stage of the project, the esquisse, the student had a fixed period of time, usually nine hours, to present, in sketch form, the parti or general concept of the plan, as well as the elevation, section, and character of the proposed design. This parti could not be abandoned during the development of the project. The Class A curriculum followed the same path as Class B, but the exercises were more difficult. The first exercise of Class A—the optional Archeo—was analogous to the analytique but required a building or scene composed of archeologically correct details. The Archeo allowed the student time to develop his skills before starting the complex Class A project. The Class A student was also encouraged to compete for various prizes. The top award at the University of Virginia was the Paris prize, in which the winner

was sent to the École des Beaux-Arts to complete their studies and was also given the means to tour the European continent. The University of Virginia architecture program subscribed to the Beaux-Arts Institute’s curriculum from the program’s founding in 1926 until the early 1950s. As new instructors were hired , the McIntire School of Fine Arts was able to increase its course offerings beyond the basic drawing, design, and construction sequence of the 1920s. In the 1936-37 session, Frederick Charles Disque, who had joined the faculty five years earlier, added three new courses: History of Architectural Ornament, Pure Design, and Professional Practice. A sequence of modeling courses and a sequence of watercolor courses were added to the basic curriculum. And, in recognition of the realities of an architectural practice, Commercial Law for Architects, taught by Professor Charles N. Hulvey of the Commerce School, was also listed among the course offerings. In later years, additional courses were added to the art history sequence, reflecting the increase in scholarship in the field. By the early 1940s, four courses in art history were listed in the catalog. The survey of the early history of art was taught by Alexander David Fraser, while John Canaday taught the two other courses in the European sequence, as well as a course devoted to the history of American art and architecture.

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With the recognition that many students came to the University with little experience in the rudiments of architecture, the School began to offer a preparatory architecture course for first-year students during the 1940-1941 academic session. The course, jointly taught by all the members of the architecture faculty, included segments on lettering, architectural drawing and rendering in wash, historical ornament (including a weekly sketch or drafting problem), general science, and elements of architectural design.

instructors David Jameson Gibson, Floyd Elmer Johnson, Riley Benjamin Montgomery Jr., Clyde Richard Carter, and Charles William Smith.

In 1934, when the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) was established, Virginia sought accreditation, making it one of only twenty-eight fully accredited architecture programs. In the late 1940s, the NAAB ruled that all accredited schools must offer a five-year course of instruction toward the bachelor of architecture degree. Seeking to maintain accreditation, the University phased in this five-year degree beginning in 1948. The first of five years was primarily devoted to required courses such as English and mathematics in the College of Arts and Sciences, while the final four years were primarily devoted to coursework directly related to architecture.

In 1938, Fayerweather Hall, the home of the architecture program, underwent renovations. The main floor of Fayerweather Hall was remodeled to include drafting rooms, faculty offices, and a jury room. Another room on the floor was set aside for the program’s collection of lantern slides on the history of art and architecture. The lower floor was largely occupied by the five-thousand-volume fine arts library in what had been the former gymnasium’s locker rooms. Two studios for watercolor and freehand drawing, a lecture room, and a secretary’s office were also located on the lower floor. According to Charles Pearson:

The school continued to grow. While three faculty were employed upon his arrival, Campbell left a faculty of ten. In addition to Campbell, faculty included associate professors Stanislaw Makielski and John Edwin Canaday; assistant professors William Bainter O’Neal and Leslie R. Johnson; and

William (Pete) O’Neal, a Carnegie Tech B Arch graduate, became the founder and first chair of the undergraduate and graduate architectural history programs and director of the Bayly Art Museum.

Fayerweather Hall Remodeled and Enlarged

[During the] Fayerweather Hall remodeling, the design studio . . . during the Fall of ‘38 [was] housed temporarily in the northwest wing of the Rotunda and part of the basement directly under the circular portion itself.

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Campbell’s Professional Practice and Activities Beyond his role as dean, Campbell served on many committees and designed buildings around the University. Campbell served on the Advisory Committee of Architects for Colonial Williamsburg and as director of the McIntire School of Art and Architecture until his death in 1950. He was a member of the University’s architectural commission, which also included Walter Dabney Blair, Robert E. Lee Taylor, and John Kevan Peebles as chair; this team was responsible for the design of several University buildings, such as Monroe Hill Dormitories 1928-1929; Monroe Hall 1929-1930; Clark Hall 1931-1932, which housed the Law School; and Thornton Hall 1935, which housed the Engineering School. At the University, Campbell personally designed the Astor Squash and Handball Courts (1937)—more familiarly known as the “Lady Astor Courts” in honor of their benefactor, Lady Nancy Langhorne Astor, a Virginia native and one of five beautiful and photogenic sisters. In 1922, the building that houses the Astor Courts was moved to its present location adjacent Memorial Gym and the Lady Astor Tennis Courts from its original site nearby to make way for the Central Grounds Parking Garage. Campbell also designed the Museum of Fine Arts

(1934-1935) adjacent to Fayerweather Hall. The museum, which displays a Palladian-motif entrance portico and for which Campbell served as its curator, was made possible by $38,000 from the Public Works Administration and from a $100,000 gift made by Mrs. Evelyn May Bayly Tiffany in memory of her father, Thomas Bayly (1810-1856), a graduate of the University’s law school and a member of the Virginia General Assembly. The museum’s initial collection included busts and paintings of prominent Virginians and featured a portrait of George Washington by Rembrandt Peale. The centerpiece of its European collection was Infant Savior with Saint John, which is thought to have been painted by Peter Paul Rubens. Additionally, Campbell restored 13 West Range— the room used by Poe at the University in 1826—to nearly original condition, but he did not remove the closets and a mantel, so the University removed them in the 1950s. Although Campbell had lived in the historic 1848 Mount Fair in Brown’s Cove in northwestern Albemarle County since 1930, he retained a residence at Hotel E (55 West Range) as had his three predecessors. From 1942 through 1950, after leaving Hotel E, he resided at 203 Rugby Road—first in apartment twenty-eight and then in apartment eleven.

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On 8 May 1950, Campbell died unexpectedly while attending a meeting in Washington, D.C. At the time of his death, in 1989 to commemorate his life and accomplishments, the Edmund Schureman Campbell Professorship in Architecture, established in 1989, was funded by an anonymous donor, the W. Alton Jones Foundation, and numerous architecture alumni. W. Alton Jones Foundation trustee William A. Edgerton (U.Va. College 1972, U.Va. M Arch 1976) was instrumental in securing the Charlottesville-based foundationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gift. Furthermore, the University named its new architecture building, completed in 1970, Campbell Hall in honor of the Schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fourth dean.

Student Life By the early 1930s, the Kallikrates Chapter of Alpha Rho Chi at the University of Virginia was facing increased competition from other student organizations. In February of 1931, The Alphi reported: An unfortunate situation [for Kallikrates Chapter] prevails at Virginia, and that is the custom of the majority of students joining social fraternities and considering the professional secondary. To overcome this, we will not bid social fraternity men in the future unless they are exceptional. This will mean a small chapter for several years.

The Depression was also placing strain on the fraternity. Several chapters withdrew their membership in the years following the financial collapse and several more appeared likely to close due to low membership. The Kallikrates Chapter became inactive in 1933. However, in 1928, the Hathor Temple of Scarab Architectural Fraternity (an honorary) was established at the University and had thirteen active members in 1930. (Left) Bayly Art Museum drawing, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Top right) Class of 1994, Richard N. Anderson, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Bottom right) Bayly Art Museum, 1934-35, Holsinger Collection, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

F R E D E R I C K C H A R L E S D I S Q U E 18 9 1-19 5 7 ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 5 0 -19 5 3) C A R N E G I E T E C H B A , P E N N S T A T E M S A R C H 19 18 INTERIM DIRECTOR

Frederick Charles Disque joined the faculty with his appointment on 9 June 1930 as an assistant professor to teach in the design sequence during the 1931-1932 session, and became the interim head of McIntire School of Arts and Architecture until the appointment of Campbellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s successor in 1953. He had attended Carnegie Tech University; married Anna Jean Caldwell in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1914; and received a master of science degree in architecture from Penn State in 1918. At Penn State, he was an instructor from 1913-1919, an assistant professor from 1920-1921, and associate professor from 19221926 of architectural engineering and drawing. Disque designed three fraternities (Sigma Phi Epsilon, 524 Locust Lane 1926; Delta Sigma Phi, 508 Locust Lane 1927; Alpha Tau Omega, 321 E. Fairmont 1927) and a house at 262 E. Hamilton 1925 in State College, Pennsylvania. He also designed several houses, fraternities, and a school, in partnership with Lawrence Kocher, in that community during the 1920s. Disque received the second medal from the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design competition about 1922. He was a faculty member of Theta Xi social fraternity and Scarab honorary fraternity and on the Pan Hellenic Council at Penn State in 1923. From about 1926 to 1930, he was engaged in architectural practice in Philadelphia.

In the 1936-1937 session at the University, Disque added several new courses: History of Architectural Ornament, Pure Design, and Professional Practice. By the 1938-1939 University session, Disque was an associate professor, promoted to full professor by the 1945-1946 session, and taught at the School until his retirement on 15 June 1947. While temporarily assigned to the department of engineering at the University, he was appointed to the Charlottesville Planning Commission in May 1945 and served on the Virginia State Art Commission. By a 10 March 1950 election by the Board of Visitors, Disque returned to the University faculty as visiting professor of architecture and acting director of the architecture program from that date until his retirement at the end of the 1955-1956 session. During Disqueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tenure, six new faculty were hired. One was Roger Caldwell Davis, a 1949 graduate of the School, who taught building construction from 1951 until 1978, and Frederick Doveton Nichols, a 1935 graduate of Yale, who later became co-chair of the Architecture Division with Carlo Pelliccia then chair of Architecture History during a tenure from 1950 to 1982.

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Beaux Arts Ball, 1952, Ralph Thompson, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

(Top) Roger Caldwell Davis, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Bottom left) Frederick Doveton Nichols, David Skinner, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Bottom right) Frederick Disque

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

T H O M A S K E V I N F I T Z P A T R I C K 19 10 -19 9 4 ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 5 3 -19 6 6) M I T B A R C H 19 3 2 , M I T M A R C H 19 3 3

Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick On 10 October 1952, the Board of Visitors and the third president of the University, Colgate W. Darden Jr. (tenure 1947-1959), selected Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick (often spelled Fitz Patrick) to be professor of architecture and chair of the School of Art and Architecture beginning with the 1953-1954 session. As of September 1955, Fitzpatrick’s title of “Chair” was changed to “Dean” of the School of Architecture. Fitzpatrick was born 10 July 1910 in Salem, Massachusetts. He graduated from the Chauncy Hall School in Boston in 1927, then from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with bachelor’s and master’s of architecture degrees. Fitzpatrick held traveling and Fontainebleau scholarships. He taught as assistant professor of architecture at Clemson University 1936-1940, was a designer for A. C. Finn of Houston in 1940, and was professor of architecture at Rice University 1940-1945. Fitzpatrick came to the University of Virginia from Iowa State University 1945-1953, where he headed the School of Architecture and was chief of the research section of the Ames Atomic Energy Laboratory. Fitzpatrick’s nomination for Fellowship in the AIA noted: He was responsible for the research and design of the first educational television studio and transmitting station in the United States. He

directed and participated in the first public architectural education television program produced. He was one of the first architects who pioneered in the field of building design for atomic research. He contributed significantly in the design of research equipment and facilities for the early development of nuclear facilities with the Ames A.E.C. Laboratory for Atomic Research. . . . He received a citation for this work from the Institute for Atomic Research. He served as president of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture 1951-1952 and authored a booklet titled Facilities for the Handicapped in Europe, which was written under a Department of Health, Education and Welfare grant.

The McIntire Departments Established In January 1954, when the Board of Visitors of the University voted to establish separate McIntire Departments of Architecture and of Art, Charles William Smith was appointed U.Va.’s first chair of art; Fitzpatrick, the first dean of architecture. Before coming to the University in 1948, Smith had been the head of the Art Department at Bennington College. Eventually the McIntire Department of

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(Left) Dean Fitzpatrick and Assistant Dean Bosserman, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Right) Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

Architecture became known simply as the School of Architecture.

ized planning and design courses during the final three years. The first chair, effective 1 July 1965, was Paul Summers Dulaney, a 1935 bachelor in science in Divisions Within the School architecture graduate of the University with a master The school continued to grow and expand its curric- of city planning degree from Massachusetts Institute ulum, thus necessitating divisions within the school’s of Technology. programs of study. Since the time of Fiske Kimball, The first students in the city planning degree the architecture program had offered courses in program were Stanislaw John Makielski Jr. and architectural history with a specific emphasis on Julius Roy Saunders Jr. They graduated in 1960 with the architecture of Virginia. In 1958, the School bachelor’s in city planning degrees. In the first year recognized the importance of architectural history of the program, studio projects included a study of as a field of study by establishing its second degree development options for the Stanley Furniture Comprogram, an undergraduate degree in architectural pany’s Stanleytown, and a study of redevelopment history. The first chair of that program, effective 1 of the Second World War housing area of Copeley July 1965, was William Bainter (Pete) O’Neal, who Hill to accommodate the University’s projected 1970 was brought to the School by Edmund Campbell in enrollment. 1946 to teach the history of American art and architecture as well as architectural design. In 1961, the The city planning program was given a boost when first bachelor of arts in architectural history degree Jefferson C. Grinnalds, a University engineering was awarded to W. Brown Morton who went on to alumnus and retired city planner, provided a gift study at the American Academy in Rome, teach at to establish the Grinnalds Scholarship in City the University of Mary Washington, and coauthor Planning. This scholarship continues to be awarded the Secretary of The Interior’s Standards for Historic annually. Preservation Projects. Also effective 1 July 1965, In March 1966, the School announced its fourth deFrederick Doveton Nichols was appointed the first gree program, an undergraduate degree in landscape chair of the division of architecture. architecture. The program, as originally planned In 1959, the School established an undergraduate de- by Roger Clark, was a five-year professional degree gree program in city planning, the first in the Amer- program. By the time the program became active, ican south. The bachelor of city planning degree was however, it had changed to a four-year curriculum. originally awarded upon the completion of a five-year During the first two years, landscape architecture degree program. This program emphasized basic students gained a general background in design and liberal arts courses in the first two years and special- architectural history through core courses shared

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

with architecture students, while in the final two years, students took more advanced courses specifically addressing principles of landscape design. The first degree candidates did not begin the program until the fall of 1969, when Harry W. Porter Jr. came to the University from the University of Michigan as the first chair of the program. In addition to several new degree programs, the architecture program added a fifth year of study. In the late 1940s, the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) had ruled that a five-year curriculum in architecture was required for accreditation, and the School at the University of Virginia begin phasing it in beginning in 1948. The addition of a fifth year allowed for a curriculum that better addressed specific aspects of modern architectural practice, including courses on HVAC, Plumbing and Sanitation, and Acoustical Materials. The revised, 5-year program also included several more classes concentrated on architectural and art history, as well as a lecture course on the history of design theory. The first fiveyear bachelor of science in architecture degrees were awarded in 1953 . It was not until 1957 that the first such five-year bachelor of architecture professional degree at the University was awarded to Donald C. Bazemore. To accommodate the growing number of students and program, a “temporary” one-story metal wing was added on the west of Fayerweather Hall in

1963. The school was growing quickly.

Fall 1963 Semester Student Study Trip In Fall 1963, fourth-year students participated in the School’s annual field-study research trip, this time to develop a master plan for St. Croix in the Virgin Islands for the year 1980. In the past, student research trips had been made to Mexico, San Francisco, Chicago, and along the Eastern Seaboard. As usual, trip funds ($6,400) were raised from proceeds from the annual Beaux Arts Ball and the annual Art Auction, along with private solicitations. A former Danish student who was involved in a similar study in St. Croix in 1961 served as a guide. Professors Carlo Pelliccia and Donald Miller and their wives accompanied fourteen students representing the School’s Class of 1965: John S. Baymiller, Thomas L. Branch, WG Clark Jr., George F. Emery Jr., Richard A. Hellegas, Alan C. Johnson, Michael Landau, John J. Lederer, Kenneth P. Lynch, Robert P. Makielski, Herbert C. Millkey, Paul R.V. Pawlowski, M. Jack Rinehart, and John H. Waters.

Modulus In 1965, the first issue of Modulus, the student architectural journal, was published. This issue, edited by Julia F. Davis (U.Va. M ArH 1968), included articles on urban renewal, the Class of 1965’s trip

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to St. Croix, pop and popular architecture (written by Washington architecture critic Wolf van Eckart), as well as an interview with members of The Architecture Team (i.e., faculty members Roger H. Clark, Carlo Pelliccia, John Ruseau, and H. Kenneth White).

Fitzpatrick Retires On 30 June 1966, Fitzpatrick resigned as dean to return to teaching. Fitzpatrick saw the retirement of Makielski, marking the end of an era in 1964, after four decades of teaching. Makielski distinguished himself as both a teacher and as an architect. His works included the Thomas Jefferson Unitarian Church, A.G. Richardson High School in Louisa County, Holy Comforter School, and the Crozet Methodist Church. During Fitzpatrickâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s twelve years as dean, the Schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s faculty increased in number to twenty-one, the number of students rose from ninety-six to 250, and new degree programs were established in architectural history, landscape architecture, and planning along with the introduction of a five-year bachelor of architecture degree. Fitzpatrick took a leave of absence on 1 February 1968 to carry out research under a Department of Health, Education, and Welfare fellowship, and then resigned from the University on 31 January 1970. He was elected as an honorary member on 15 April 1955 of the Kallikrates Chapter of Alpha Rho Chi architectural fraternity at the University.

Carlo Pelliccia, Special Collections, U.Va. Library

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

JOSEPH NORWOOD BOSSERMAN 19 2 5 -19 9 7 ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 6 6 19 8 0) FA I A , F R S A U .VA . B S A R C H 19 4 8 , P R I N C E T O N M FA 19 52 PROFESSOR EMERITUS

Historical Context: The PostModern Movement In 1966, Robert Venturi published, Complexity and Contradiction in American Architecture, his challenge to the authority of modernism. That same year, K. Edward Lay’s master’s thesis, Contemporary Design Philosophy in American Architecture, questioned the modern movement as an international style that would permeate time. Three years later, Robert Stern, then head of architecture at Columbia, now at Yale, in his New Directions in American Architecture challenged the modern movement’s single “International Style” by identifying three directions within the movement. A new dictum replaced “Less Is More” with “Less Is a Bore.”

at the end of the Lawn, and Robert Stern of Yale, who designed the Darden Graduate School addition and a 1984 addition to the original Observatory Hill Dining Hall, which was subsequently razed to make room for a replacement dining hall that opened in 2005. New books, along with older ones, became references in design studios and architectural history courses, such as William R. Ware’s The American Vignola (1905; reprint Norton, 1977) and John T. Haneman’s Pictorial Encyclopedia of Historic Architectural Plans, Details and Elements (1923; reprint Dover, 1984) including Colin Rowe’s The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa (MIT, 1976), Kenneth Frampton’s Modern Architecture: This later twentieth-century rediscovery of historicity A Critical History (Oxford, 1980), Michael Dennis’ and classicism, neglected during the modern moveCourt and Garden (MIT, 1986), and Rob Krier’s ment in American architecture, brought renewed Architectural Composition (Rizzoli, 1988). All of this interest in the diversely talented architects of the eventually led to the post-modern movement, which early twentieth century and focused public attention investigated what the modern movement had denied, on their previously ignored eclectic architecture. such as an appreciation of history and an understanding of classicism and other traditional expressions. Just as the early twentieth-century modern movement influenced by the German Bauhaus did not Joseph Norwood Bosserman take effect in most college teaching until after the When Tom Fitzpatrick resigned on 1 July 1966 to Second World War, the post-modern did not influence teaching until the 1970s. Some of the leaders in return to teaching, J. Norwood (Joe) Bosserman was appointed as acting dean that same day. On 1 that movement were Michael Graves of Princeton, who designed the colonnade across the amphitheater February 1967, he became dean of the School during

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Joseph Norwood Bosserman, oil, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

the tenure (1959-1974) of fourth President Edgar F. Shannon Jr. Appointed first to the school in 1953, Bosserman was promoted from assistant professor to associate professor of architecture on 1 September 1963, and then to full professor on 1 July 1966. Beginning on 1 February 1963, he also served as assistant dean of the School. Bosserman, born 12 July 1925 in Harrisonburg, Virginia, received his bachelor of science degree in architecture from the University in 1948, and was awarded the AIA School Medal that year. Bosserman was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. At Princeton in 1951, he was awarded the LeBrun Travelling Fellowship. Additionally, Bosserman was a designer for a Houston architectural firm. Bosserman received a Fulbright Scholarship to study in England 1960-1961, where he taught in the architectural department of the Kingston School of Art in Surrey. After a year as a senior Fulbright lecturer at the Technische Hochschule at Stuttgart, Germany, he returned to the U.Va. architecture school in the fall of 1965 after a year as a Senior Fulbright Lecturer

at the Technische Hochschule at Stuttgart. While in Europe he had also lectured at the Universities of Madrid, Ulm, and Tübingen. A search committee consisting of a professional architect and six members of the University faculty was named by President Shannon to select a replacement for Dean Fitzpatrick. The chair of the committee was university professor William S. Weedon, and its members included alumnus Stanley Krause (U.Va. BS Arch 1956), professor of business administration Paul M. Hammaker, professor emeritus Emerson G. Spies, and architecture school faculty members Donald H. Miller, Frederick D. Nichols, William B. O’Neal, and William Zuk. In January 1967, University president Edgar F. Shannon selected Bosserman for the deanship. When he announced his selection, Shannon noted that Bosserman has “qualities of distinction, both professional and personal, to bring to the position of dean of the School of Architecture” and predicted that he would make a “marked contribution to the advancement of the University in this post.”

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Dean’s secretary Joan Baxter and Dean Joseph Bosserman, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

The Building of Campbell Hall — The School of Architecture During the 1960s, plans were developed for a new building to house the School of Architecture. Fayerweather Hall, built as a gymnasium and later converted to studios and classroom space, had become severely overcrowded as the enrollment of the School increased during the 1960s. The architecture school building and its site were designed by Pietro BeIluschi and Kenneth DeMay of Sasaki, Dawson, DeMay Associates, in cooperation with the Richmond firm of Rawlings and Wilson, whose principals were James Scott Rawlings (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) and John Elzey Wilson (U.Va. BS Arch 1948). The architecture building was planned as the first component of a fine arts complex to be built over a period of ten years. This complex was projected to include a fine arts library, and facilities for drama and speech, music, television and radio, and studio art. The plans also included a 400-car parking garage. The envisioned art facility, music facility, and parking garage were not completed until the twenty-first century. Construction on Campbell Hall, located on Carr’s Hill to the north of the President’s house, was begun in 1968. The completed architecture school building included 18,000 square feet of studio space, more than twice

the space in Fayerweather; seven seminar rooms as opposed to one in Fayerweather; three auditoria; and specialized laboratory classrooms. These laboratories were designed to allow faculty members to demonstrate such environmental elements as light, temperature, and airflow, so that students could actually experience changes in their surroundings. One laboratory contained a refrigerated wall, a panel ten-feet square that helped students experience the effects of a “cold” wall, such as glass, which conducted heat or cold easily. The second laboratory was equipped with low-voltage switching and dimmers. A principal feature was the “low brightness” ceiling, which could provide comfortable illumination levels up to 1,000 footcandles. Controls enabled the light to be varied to red, blue, green, mixtures of those colors, as well as warm and cool shades of white. According to Bosserman, the laboratories were “probably the most comprehensive at any architecture school in the country.” There was only one office in the entire new Campbell Hall that had an operable window and that was in assistant dean Matt Kayhoe’s office at his insistence. The School of Architecture began the move from Fayerweather Hall into its new home on 15 January 1970 and completed the move in time for the beginning of the spring semester on February 3rd. The art department, which had been located in Cocke Hall, moved into the vacated space in Fayerweather Hall.

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The Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library, named in honor of the architect and architectural historian Fiske Kimball (1888-1955), opened in February 1970 as a branch of the University of Virginia library system. Plans were developed to have the 286 students in the Architecture School form a line between Fayerweather Hall and Campbell Hall on February 3rd to transfer the 15,000 books of the architecture collection to their new home. It was later decided to use groups of fifty students and faculty throughout the day. Unfortunately, rain hampered the book transfer, but a portion of the books were transferred on that day and the rest were transferred in the ensuing weeks. The Library serves the McIntire Department of Art, the School of Architecture, and the Drama Department of the University of Virginia. The ceremonial opening of the building occurred in April 1970 in conjunction with Founder’s Day. George White, the vice-president of the American Institute of Architects spoke on “Architects and the Future,” and drawings by Kenzo Tange, the 1970 Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medalist in Architecture, were displayed in the School’s exhibit space. Ferol Briggs who served as librarian in Campbell Hall decided not to pursue the librarian position in the new Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library and the first professional librarian to hold that position, Mary Dunnigan, was hired.

the rotunda was renovated in 1976, the removed iron railings by Stanford White were reinstalled on a floating second floor and its stairways in the Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library. Additionally, several watercolor paintings by Campbell are on display.

The Drama Education School In addition to the opening of the library, the Drama Education School with its theater was completed in 1974. The design is by the Richmond architectural firm of Rawlings, Wilson, and Fraher whose principals were James Scott Rawlings (U.Va. BS Arch 1947), John Elzey Wl1son (U.Va. BS Arch 1948), and Edward Shelton Fraher, Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1955). With the addition of the Drama Education School building, the arts programs of the University were beginning to cluster on Carr’s Hill.

Architecture Curriculum Change Beginning in 1967, a curriculum committee, initially chaired by Matt Kayhoe of the architecture faculty, evaluated possible changes in the architecture curriculum. Increasingly, architecture schools were changing from a five-year undergraduate professional degree program to a four-year pre-professional program plus a graduate professional program and the School of Architecture faculty considered a similar change.

Several reasons were cited in support of the curriculum change. A pre-professional undergraduate Today, the library houses many artifacts from around program would provide a student with the opporthe world and also right from the University. After tunity to obtain the breadth of knowledge in the

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Robert L. Vickery, first head of 4-2 program, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

Roy Graham, first head of Historic Preservation, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences required to be both a well-rounded student and an informed architect. A separate graduate program would enable the School to continue its strong emphasis on physical design while at the same time providing options for sub disciplines at the graduate level. (Suggested sub disciplines included design, office administration, engineering, and theory.) A pre-professional program at the undergraduate level would make it easier for students to both transfer into the program from other parts of the University or to transfer to other schools within the University if they decided against pursuing a career in architecture. Shortly after his arrival, assistant professor K. Edward Lay was appointed chair of the curriculum committee. Over the next few years, he assigned committees of faculty members to investigate and make proposals for shaping the first two years of undergraduate study, the last two years of undergraduate study, and the graduate program.

Dora Wiebenson, first female division head, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

program, students with no prior training in architecture could obtain a professional degree in a minimum of three academic years and a summer session, students with a four-year pre-professional degree in architecture (BS Arch) could complete a first professional degree in two years, and students with a fiveyear professional degree (B Arch) could undertake a year of specialized study at the graduate level. During the spring 1970 semester, Robert L. Vickery Jr. and Alan Taniguchi arrived at the University as the Thomas Jefferson Professors of Architecture. The following session, Vickery was hired to co-chair, with Carlo Pelliccia, of the architecture division 19701976 and implemented the newly established 4-2 bachelor of architecture program for undergraduate and graduate education.

At the same time that modifications were being considered to the architectural curriculum, the content of the planning curriculum was also studied. Initially, the undergraduate program in planning had been a five-year program, sharing a common introIn its first years, the graduate program consisted of a ductory design studio with architecture, and had two-year master of architecture curriculum. Recincluded more advanced planning design studios. In ognition that students with a wide variety of design the 1972-1973 academic session, the undergraduate backgrounds were interested in graduate architectural degree was changed to a four-year bachelor of city study led to the establishment of three graduate-path planning program, and the mandatory design studios programs in the mid-1970s. In the three-path were eliminated.

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Richard Collins came to the University that same year as professor and chair of the planning division and under Frederick Nichols as chair of architectural history, the Historic Preservation Option Certificate was established in the School in 1973. As early as 1959, preservation courses were taught in the School, and its architectural history degree program was the first one established in the U.S. The School early-on was associated with Colonial Williamsburg. Roy Graham had been a director there and became the director of historic preservation in the School from 1973 to 1981.

Admission of Women and Black Students to the School of Architecture By the 1970s, the School of Architecture admitted the first black students and women into the program. Edward Wayne Barnett (U.Va. BS Arch 1972) was admitted as the first black student to the School of Architecture by then chair of undergraduate admissions, K. Edward Lay. He earned a bachelor of science in architecture degree in 1972, and he later earned a master’s degree from Harvard. The following year, the second black student, Lawrence E. Williams (U.Va. BS Arch 1974), was admitted and similarly received his master’s from Harvard, and Dr. Dora L. Wiebenson became the first woman chair (architectural history) in the School 1977-1979. It was not until 1976 that Dr. William Harris became the first dean of African American affairs at the University. Because he was an urban planner, he

also taught in the School’s planning department. In 1970, the first women matriculated as first-year undergraduate students at the University, and two women received master’s degrees from the School of Architecture: Anne Carter Lee (U.Va. M ArH 1970) in architectural history and Virginia B. Overton McLean (U.Va. MP 1970) in planning. In 1973, two women who transferred from other colleges received bachelor’s degrees from the School: Kathy Auth (B ArH 1973) in architectural history and Susan S. Nelson (BS LAR 1973) in landscape architecture. The following year, seven more women received bachelor’s degrees, six in architecture and one in landscape architecture. Of those 1974 graduates, only one, Joan L. Kennedy (U.Va. BS Arch 1974), had begun as a first-year University of Virginia architecture student; the other six had transferred into the School from other programs at the University. These events marked a permanent change to the school and student body. The year 1970 was a very transitional year. Up until this time, students traditionally wore coats and ties to class by choice. That changed with the admission of women to the University. The year prior, male students approached faculty with petitions to sign against allowing women to matriculate. Many claimed that it would lower the academic standards of U.Va.—and they believed it! Of course, women probably actually increased the academic standards, and the School now has over fifty percent women matriculating.

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

The Bachelor of Architecture class of 1974 introduced wearing morning suits for graduation rather than the usual cap and gown. This dress code was carried on for many years thereafter with graduating women wearing white dresses and hats. In several years the graduating architecture class was at the end of the student procession on Jefferson’s Lawn as a highlight to the procession!

The First Landscape Architecture Chair Harry W. Porter Jr. was brought to the University 1 September 1969 to chair the proposed landscape architecture program in conjunction with the establishment of the School’s new “four plus two” curriculum. Each of four divisions—Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Architectural History, and Urban and Environmental Planning—would offer a four-year bachelor’s program and a two or more year master’s program. At first, the five-year undergraduate program was maintained in architecture, as was a five-year undergraduate program in landscape architecture, until each was phased out and replaced by the four-year ones. The landscape architecture program received provisional accreditation in 1973 for two years, and after a November 1974 accreditation visit, it was

fully accredited on 7 February 1975. In 1979, Porter completely abolished the undergraduate landscape program in order to concentrate on its graduate program. It was not until 6 December 1989 that the University president announced that the four divisions were going to be changed to departments within the School of Architecture, subject to final approval by the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia.

Curriculum changes: International Programs For many years, the School of Architecture has offered students opportunities to live and study in Venice and Vicenza, Italy. These foreign programs had their beginning when ten students led by Frederick D. Nichols and Carlo Pelliccia spent September 1971 attending the Thirteenth International Conference on the History of Architecture in Italy, which focused on the architecture of Palladio and his time. Since the first study abroad program in 1971, the school has sent both students and faculty abroad for international study. In addition to attending the conference in Italy, the students also studied urban problems, such as pollution and land erosion, which plague Venice; observed the ongoing restoration of the city’s build-

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ings; and talked with officials of the city planning and landmark commissions. The students took more than 400 slides of the city. Each student concentrated on a specific aspect of the city, including greenery, statuary, doorways, and floor patterns. The School had also offered semester programs in England where students would study first at the Architecture Association in London, then the Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning at the University of London, the Central Polytechnic, and the School of Architecture at the University of Bath. Later, a program was established in Copenhagen. In the summer of 1975, eighteen students from the School of Architecture spent the summer in Vicenza, Italy, as the School launched its first undergraduate-abroad program. This program continues today and gives students the opportunity to study and sketch Palladioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Italy. Five years later, the School established a spring semester graduate program in Venice. A visiting faculty exchange program was established with Heriot-Watt University of Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh, Scotland, in the 1967-1968 session with head of the Edinburgh College of Art, Ralph Cowan, being the first visiting professor from there. In the coming decades, the School of Architecture continued to emphasize the value of international study. In the early 1990s, Professor Yunsheng Huang established the Architecture in China Program,

(Top) Italian Program Critics, Theo Van Groll, Edward Lay, and Mario Valmarana, Vicena, Italy (Bottom) Villa Valzanzibo Italy, human statues by students, K. Edward Lay

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

BArch Class of 1974, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

through which students spent six weeks exploring the country’s rich architectural heritage and progressive urban landscape in a series of short design studios led by Huang and other professors. The Architecture in China Program remains a popular option for students looking to gain new perspectives on the built environment.

Virginia has pioneered in establishing the degree of Master of Architectural History and was the first institution to provide classroom, seminar, and laboratory instruction in the methodology of restoration in cooperation with the Historic American Buildings Survey, Colonial Williamsburg, and others.

Curriculum: Historic Preservation

The School of Architecture of Columbia University now grants a degree of Master of Science in Architecture with a certificate in restoration and preservation. The College of Architecture of Cornell University proposes a program that would train city and regional planners in the conservation of architecture and would train students from various disciplines in restoration from the point of view of the planners.

In January 1967, the National Trust for Historic Preservation appointed Walter Muir Whitehill, director and librarian of the Boston Athenaeum, as chair of a blue-ribbon committee: Professional and Public Education for Historic Preservation and Restoration. The committee’s resulting report, released in August 1970 and titled “Proposal for the creation and funding of an Institute for Historic Preservation and Restoration and related university programs,” recognized the three major institutions for historic preservation since the Second World War as Columbia, Cornell, and Virginia and stated: The School of Architecture of the University of

The report further recommended that a graduate degree from a university program in preservation and restoration be offered. Already recognized as a notable institution in this field, the Historic Preservation Option Certificate was established in the School in 1973.

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Ensuring a proper historic preservation education, the School of Architecture developed a commitment to record notable examples of the state’s architecture. During the spring semester of 1970, this process was formally begun. Five students, Jay Graham, Gregory Lukmire, Dan Donovan, Charles King, and Ben Dyer, with the supervision of James A.D. Cox, prepared drawings of Virginia structures for the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) and the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS). Buildings documented ranged from a 1926 gas station to Richmond’s Tredegar Iron Works. Many students participate annually in the HAER and HABS summer-documentation programs.

students in any discipline represented in the Architecture School could incorporate a sequence of preservation-related courses into their degree program.

The Northern Virginia Master of Planning Program

In February 1973, the School hosted the first of what became an annual series of conferences on historic preservation. This first conference featured alumni discussing projects on which they were working. James Wollon (U.Va. BS Arch 1962) drew upon his experiences as a restoration architect in a talk titled, “Problems in Restoration.” Richard Kearns (U.Va. MP 1970), who was preservation administrator of Historic Annapolis, spoke about preservation problems in the city. Tucker H. Hill (U.Va. M ArH 1967), Calder Loth (U.Va. B ArH 1965, U.Va. M ArH 1967), Jack Zehmer (U.Va. 1964, U.Va. M ArH 1970), and James Grieves (U.Va. BS Arch 1956) also spoke on historic preservation issues.

In the 1972-1973 academic year, Frederick Davidson, who was acting chair of the planning division in the School of Architecture and previously an associate professor in commerce, was approached by the Division of Continuing Education (later to become the School of Continuing and Professional Studies) about the prospect of offering master’s-level professional education in planning in Northern Virginia. A large number of military officers in the Northern Virginia/Washington, D.C. area were seeking master’s-level education to aid their transition from a military to a civilian career. Initially two courses a semester were offered at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, by University of Virginia planning faculty on an overload basis. The response was large, with thirty-five to forty-five students enrolled in each class. A large proportion of these were non-military. Courses in Planning Methods, Urban and Regional Theory, Planning Process, and Planning Design were offered. The early program administrative details were supported by Anne Greenglass of the Falls Church/Ft. Belvoir Center.

Interest in the historic preservation program continued to grow through the 1970s and in 1979 the certificate program was amended such that graduate

At this time, the planning division offered two degrees: bachelor of city planning and master of city planning. The latter was changed to master of

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Regrets Dinner Participants’ Reunion, 1996, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

planning early in Collins’ administration. Later, it became the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning. About 1994, the degree names were also changed to Bachelor of Urban and Environmental Planning and Master of Urban and Environmental Planning. The dean and vice provost for continuing education, Bruce Nelson, with the support of the provost who wished to expand the public-service role of the University, asked Richard Collins, professor and chair of the planning division as of 1973, if the successful planning courses could be shaped into a master’s degree offered in Northern Virginia. Collins and David Phillips crafted a proposal that provided on-going Division of Continuing Education support for full-time faculty positions within the School of Architecture. David Phillips was the first administrator, serving from 1974 until 1982; William H. Lucy was administrator from 1988 through 2003, with short periods served by Greg Lipton and David Phillips.

concentrate their time and energy in Charlottesville. The last classes were offered in 2003. The Northern Virginia masters of planning program provided a rich educational experience to continuing education students who were often simultaneously pursuing their early career, family obligations, and graduate education. Normally six to eight courses were offered each fall and spring. Students could take up to four core courses before officially applying to the School of Architecture for admission to the degree program. The faculty was always amazed at the dedication of these students who invested so heavily of their personal time in their continuing professional education. Classes were always interesting and stimulating as a result of their seriousness and dedication.

Student Life

The School of Architecture’s Annual Regatta and Picnic started in 1972 with inspiration from ProfesYear-round courses were offered from 1973 until sor H. Kenneth White. White assigned his studio 2003. In 2000, the provost of the University asked the project of designing cardboard boats that would that the program be wound down, because using full- be able to be propelled across the Rivanna Reservoir. time faculty as part of their teaching load made the In subsequent years, the regatta grew to be a Schoolprogram more expensive than the typical Northern wide event. Vessels were constructed by students, and Virginia courses offered by part-time faculty. Dean according to the rules of the competition, all those Karen Van Lengen and the planning faculty conwho built a boat had to propel it across the reservoir. curred in this decision, seeing value in being able to The first vessel across the reservoir won the regatta,

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and its passengers were assured of being fed at the picnic. The 1973 regatta was reported in detail in the Richmond Times-Dispatch. The 1973 boats were primarily made of paper or cardboard, with the winning boat being a well-padded cardboard kayak built and piloted by John Redolski. Especially interesting was the boat designed by Patrick W. Collins (U.Va. BS Arch 1974) and John Macy Rummler (U.Va. BS Arch 1973). Constructed as a 4-foot-tall, pyramidal-shaped vinyl balloon, the two pilots sat inside the balloon and propelled it across the water by rolling it. The 1973 regatta also saw four boats end up at the bottom of the reservoir.

to do just one as a team and then involve the faculty late at night to test their result, to see that it worked, for a good grade!. It became known as a “Schultz,” because the first one was to design a dog house for “Snoopy” from the Peanuts cartoon.

The Nation’s Bicentennial and the Restoration of Jefferson’s Rotunda

In 1976, the nation celebrated its bicentennial, and the School of Architecture was directly involved in the University’s observances. The centerpiece of the University’s bicentennial program was the restoration of the Rotunda. After the fire in 1895, Stanford White had been selected by the University to execute drawings for the reconstruction of The School’s regatta is no longer held, but in 1973 the interior of the building. Instead of the three another event was reintroduced that has become floors indicated in Jefferson’s original drawings, the an annual tradition. The Beaux-Arts Ball, which White design combined the top two floors into a tall had been held irregularly in the earlier years of the domed library with cast iron columns. With funds architecture school, was again held in 1973 with an provided by the Cary D. Langhorne Trust and the open-theme masquerade. The ball has continued to Department of Housing and Urban Development, grow in popularity in the years since. The 1988 ball the University planned to restore the Rotunda to had the theme “Concrete Jungle.” Another event, the its original function as the center of the University annual art auction of donated artwork by local artists community. A major part of the restoration involved and from a Baltimore art shop, that was created to reconstruction of the three floors in a form close to raise funds for fourth-year student field trips, is now Thomas Jefferson’s original design. The consultant sporadic. to the restoration was Frederick D. Nichols, Cary D. Langhorne Professor of Architecture. Louis Ballou Another event involving both students and faculty of Richmond was the architect for the restoration. occurred in the design studios. Design faculty purAlthough there was much national criticism for posely would give a short few-hour design charrette removing the Stanford White details, the Dome that was so ridiculous that the class would combine Room floor that White had removed was replaced to

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

(Left) Class of 1970 Reunion, Bosserman’s first entering class in 1967, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection (Right) Campbell Hall, K. Edward Lay

return the space more to the original Jefferson space. The restored Rotunda was officially dedicated on Founder’s Day in April 1976, with Jefferson scholar Professor Merrill D. Peterson and others giving addresses. In conjunction with the reopening, an exhibit of ten wooden models of Palladio’s buildings and thirty panels of photographs and drawings showing Palladio’s influence on Virginia buildings was displayed in the Dome Room of the Rotunda. The exhibit, sponsored by the Italian government, later traveled to the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D.C.; the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The model exhibit was organized and displayed by students of the School under the direction of faculty members Mario di Valmarana and Theo van Groll, who traveled with the exhibit to other sites in America. According to Valmarana and van Groll, Jefferson perceived Palladianism at an intellectual level as a humanistic concept. “Palladio was not a creator like the architects of the Pantheon or the architects of the pyramids of Egypt,” Valmarana said. “He was influenced by Roman architecture, but he was a translator of those ideas to adapt to the needs of sixteenth-century Italy.” In like manner, Jefferson turned to Palladio for inspiration and adapted his neo-classicism to the needs of young America. “Jefferson had a humanist mind,” Valmarana added,

“eager, inventive. You don’t have to see the Rotunda as a copy of the Pantheon. It’s a humanistic idea. Man is the universe; the universe revolves around Man. Mr. Jefferson helped model an indigenous American architecture. Through him,” Valmarana said, “Palladianism became truly American.” A highlight of the celebrations occurred in July 1976 when Queen Elizabeth II visited Charlottesville to celebrate the American bicentennial. She briefly toured the Lawn, ate lunch in the Rotunda, and was given a tour of Monticello by Frederick Nichols and James Bear, curator of Monticello. On 1 Apr 2010, there was another opening of an exhibit at The Morgan Library and Museum in New York City of Palladian plaster models by Timothy Richards of Bath, England, titled “Palladio and His Legacy: A Transatlantic Journey.” In conjunction with that exhibit, on 8 April 2010, University President John T. Casteen and Carl I. Gable, president of the Center for Palladian Studies in America, celebrated “The Legacy of the Veneto” by honoring Mario di Valmarana at a very pleasant banquet at The Yale Club in New York City. The exhibit titled “Palladio and his Legacy” then began a national tour at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C., in September 2010, as Ada Louise Huxtable stated in the Wall Street Journal:

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Seeing the original ink-and-wash drawings made almost 500 years ago, with Palladio’s handwritten notes, often done on the site, erases the centuries; they create a miraculous fusion of the distant past and immediate present, a kind of aesthetic time warp that brings the man and his moment wonderfully alive. Kent State Tragedy’s affect on the University and A-School: The radical social activist, Jerry Rubin, of the infamous “Chicago Eight,” had been invited to speak at U.Va., but a week or so before on May 4th 1970, the Kent State tragedy occurred, causing U.Va. to become a center of protest in the United States against the Vietnam War. Classes were canceled, cars stopped and rocked near the Rotunda, an ROTC building door fire-bombed, and a massive influx of many state police came to the University. After that there was much difficulty in how to grade the students without a completion of classes. Many petitions pro and con for the war were circulated, with many frightened faculty signing them, even ones that contradicted the other!

Joe Bosserman’s Personality Joe Bosserman was one of a kind: loved by students,

faculty, and alumni. He was from the Shenandoah Valley, his father a banker, and received a graduate degree from Princeton. After Dean Fitzpatrick retired in 1966 and Joe was his assistant dean, he became acting dean. The faculty and university administration elected him dean the following year. Joe had a flare for the cultural value of Europe and brought many Europeans to the School to teach, as well as encouraged faculty to establish overseas programs for students. He kept a room in the Faculty Apartments nearby for use by visiting faculty and lecturers. Some full-time faculty lived on the upper floor in what was known as The Mews, an outbuilding in the U.Va. West Gardens. In fall 1974, Matt Kayhoe stepped down as assistant dean, and Ed Lay was asked to take his place under Dean Bosserman. The tasks of the position were quite extensive—overseeing the students, the clerical staff, and the building maintenance as well as other chores, such as substituting for the dean in his absence, being in charge of graduation, and calling out names for diplomas! Joe had a flare for pageantry. As our Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medalist in Architecture involved a new recipient each year, many of the earlier recipients and their families would return for the occasion. Only a few were able to attend the medalist dinner

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

at Monticello, so Joe established what he called the “rejects’ dinner,” and placed his assistant dean in charge of that. Those not invited to attend the Monticello event were escorted to the Greencroft Club for a very elegant dinner. In 1996, Joe had a black tie rejects’ dinner reunion for some of the local people who had contributed something to this event over the years. And for Fred Nichols’ retirement, Joe had tables and chairs set up on Jefferson’s Lawn for a black-tie party. The climax was that he arranged for fireworks to go off in Madison Bowl, which made a spectacular background for the Rotunda!

Higgins’s in England, and died in January on the train in the Chunnel on his way to another party in Paris. At his memorial service, his sister Betts said, “The only thing that Joe would have preferred, would to have been to be on the Orient Express!” And we all knew that he probably had a cigarette in one hand and a martini in the other!

Corbu the Cat

In the late 1970s, when Frank Hereford became president and moved into Carr’s Hill behind the architecture school, their older farm cat used to wander into the School and was loved by Dean Bosserman, who fed it and named it Corbu. However, there was J. Norwood Bosserman retired in 1980 after fourteen a School rule that animals were not allowed in the building, even dogs that some felt were protection years as dean. while returning home late at night. Some students He left for Europe for the last time in 1997 and approached assistant dean Lay and said they felt this typical of Joe, he was traveling from a party with the

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(Left) Fireworks on the lawn, Special Collections, U.Va. Library (Right) Corbu the cat, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

was a double standard, which was relayed to Joe, who didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really have much to say. The next morning when the assistant dean approached his office door, he saw one of the black University chairs in front of it, and the cat on a cushion on it. A sign on the chair stated that Corbu had become a full professor with an endowed chair, which meant that the cat outranked the assistant dean! The Cavalier Daily picked this up with ongoing stories and pictures of the cat. Then, jokingly, the students wrote letters to the paper expressing their concern that the cat did not even have a degree. This caused Mrs. Hereford to get into the act and sent funds (cat food) for the education of the cat in grad school. Thereafter, the assistant dean made a tongue-in-cheek offer to any student going to California for the holidays to take Corbu-the-Cat and leave it there!

Bosserman Retires In January 1979, Dean Bosserman announced that he would leave the deanship at the end of the 19791980 academic year in order to return to teaching. He received the William C. Noland Award from the VSAIA in 1986. After his retirement he became a professor emeritus in 1987, having been a member of the faculty since 1 February 1954. During his thirteen years as dean, he oversaw the change of the former five-year undergraduate program to the current four-year pre-professional program and the

addition of the three-path master of architecture program. Additional faculty were added to the School, and the student body grew from 252 to 560. With the increase in students and faculty came an increased number and variety of course offerings. Joseph Bosserman Fellowships were established in his honor to provide support for graduate students in the School to be used for payment of tuition, fees, room, board, and other educational expenses. A memorial Willow Oak was planted near Carrâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hill in his honor.

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

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Historical Context: The New Urbanism The New Urbanism arose in the early 1980s as a movement that promoted walkable neighborhoods and envisioned a community more like that which preceded suburban developments, urban sprawl, and the dramatic increase in automobile use after the Second World War. In the early 1960s, Jane Jacobs in her The Death and Life of Great American Cities, along with Lewis Mumford, had criticized the anti-urban development of post-war America. Christopher Alexander, with his A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction in 1977, and Leon Krier, with his theoretical models for the reconstruction of the “European” city, further challenged American urban design practices. In 1979, one of the first examples of a community designed in the New Urbanism manner was Seaside in Florida planned by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zybek, Additionally, the Congress for the New Urbanism, founded in 1993, developed a Charter of the New Urbanism, which stated: Neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population, communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car, cities and towns should be shaped by physically

defined and universally accessible public spaces and community institutions, urban spaces should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice. The Charter covered issues such as historic preservation, safe streets, green building, and the redevelopment of brownfield land (abandoned land previously used for industrial and commercial purposes).

Jaquelin Taylor Robertson A committee, chaired by Matthias Kayhoe, began a nationwide search for the school’s next dean, under the 1974-1985 tenure of the University’s fifth president, Frank L. Hereford Jr. Jaquelin Taylor Robertson was selected as dean effective 1 July 1980 for a five-year term and, on 1 Jul 1985, for a second such term. Robertson, a native Richmonder, a graduate of Yale, and a Rhodes Scholar, came to the School from New York where he had worked as an architect and an urban planner. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he served as the first director of New York’s Office of Midtown Planning under Mayor John V. Lindsay.

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Jaquelin Taylor Robertson, courtesy of Robertson

After leaving government, he was vice president in charge of planning and design for Arlen Realty and Development Company. In 1975, he joined the international planning firm of Llewelyn-Davies in New York, where he directed the planning and design of Shahestan Pahlavi, Tehranâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s planned new capital, and in 1977, he became chair of Llewelyn-Davies Associates. Robertson officially assumed the deanship of the School of Architecture at the University on 1 January 1981. At the time of his selection, he was a partner with iconoclastic modernist Peter Eisenman in the firm of Eisenman/Robertson, Architects.

for the historic area Shockoe Slip, located south of Capitol Square in Richmond, Virginia, and north of the James River. It was a thirty-two-square-block warehouse district, which had grown to be a major tobacco warehousing center in the decades following the Civil War. Over time, the warehouses were abandoned and allowed to deteriorate. Then, in the early 1970s, Shockoe Slip began to be redeveloped into a moderately successful restaurant district. However, property owners realized that much potential remained undeveloped and organized the Shockoe Slip Foundation to coordinate revitalization efforts.

The work began at the School during the spring 1980 semester when an architectural history class Because of the increased emphasis on fund-raising studied the historical significance of the Shockoe responsibilities nationally for Deans, that Fall two Slip tract. In the fall 1981 semester, twenty graduate Associate Dean positions were added to the School students from each of the departments of the School to supplement the single Assistant Deanship: Yale worked on specific facets of a revitalization plan Rabin became the first one for academic affairs and under Professor Warren Boeschenstein. The students K. Edward Lay for administrative and student affairs. focused their plans on adapting old buildings for new uses, designing new buildings compatible with Shockoe Slip the architecture of the area, and restoring a section In the fall semester 1980, the School began work on of an old canal adjacent to the James River. Working its largest urban-design consulting project to date. in Richmond with urban developer, Andrew Ashe, The Capitol Square Foundation asked the School the projects became store-front exhibits and TV to assist them in developing a revitalization strategy promotions that eventually helped revitalize Shockoe

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Slip. During their project, students were advised by two outside consultants, Allan Jacobs, a planning professor at the University of California at Berkeley, and Jonathan Barnett, an architecture professor from the City College of New York. The students’ recommendations were compiled in a report, which was presented to the members of the Shockoe Slip Foundation.

The Institute for Environmental Negotiation In January 1981, the Institute for Environmental Negotiation was established within the School of Architecture. The Institute, operated under the auspices of the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning, provided third-party assistance in environmental disputes over a broad range of issues, including water quality, neighborhood zoning, and siting of public facilities.

tant director Bruce Dotson, senior associate Elizabeth Waters, and graduate assistant Donna Shaunesey. One of IEN’s first projects was facilitating the Virginia Toxics Roundtable. The roundtable was formed in 1981 with members from several organizations, including the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Conservation Council of Virginia, The Environmental Defense Fund, Piedmont Environmental Council, The Sierra Club, E.I. duPont de Nemours, ICI Americas, and WACO. The purpose of the group, according to the fall 1981 edition of IEN’s newsletter The Mediator, was to “develop consensus regarding the management of hazardous substances in Virginia and make recommendations to state policy makers.”

The Institute for Environmental Negotiation is an environmental-dispute-resolution organization at the University of Virginia. The institute’s expertise has been sought for local environmental disputes and national policy issues. IEN has gained internaAt the time of its organization, the institute was one tional recognition as a leading environmental and public-policy dispute-resolution organization, and of five such mediation centers in the United States. has participated in more than 300 projects. IEN It represented an expansion and continuation of the conducts about 60 percent of its work in Virginia, 20 activities of Environmental Mediation Services, a consulting service set up in 1978 by Roger Richman, percent in nearby states, and the rest is national in associate professor at Old Dominion University, and scope or performed in localities outside of the region. IEN attracts scholars from all over the world who are Richard Collins, chair of the Department of Urban visiting or spending sabbaticals here, and IEN faculty and Environmental Planning. The institute began with a staff of five, including Collins, Richman, assis- serve on numerous local, state, and national boards and programs.

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Architectural Design Jury, Professors Betty Driscoll and Ken Schwartz, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

Tiananmen Square, China Program, U.Va.School of Architecture Collection

New Programs of Study During Jaquelin Robertson’s tenure as dean, several new program initiatives were undertaken in the School of Architecture. Perhaps most in keeping with the times was the Program of Advanced Studies in American Urbanism. This program was designed to provide opportunities for the rediscovery and examination of the values that underlie American urban form. In an interdisciplinary setting, students explored the application and adaptation of these values to contemporary aspirations, beliefs, and conditions. The core of the program was a studio, which involved analysis of significant examples of American urbanism as unique phenomena particular to their new world mythology. This was followed by investigations of specific urban contexts through analyses and design with the intention of defining generic issues and solving local problems. Concurrent seminars dealt with the aspects of the city, such as building and land-use regulation, transportation, and development economics, as well as urban history and theory. The twenty-four-credit program led to a certificate in American urbanism and was open to students representing each of the disciplines of the School. During Robertson’s tenure, an architectural history PhD program was established. In later years, this

degree was joined with the art history PhD to create a joint degree program that allowed students access to the faculties and resources of two strong departments. Over twenty-three faculty taught in diverse fields with particularly strong concentrations in ancient, Renaissance, modern, American, and Asian art and architecture. The large faculty enabled the University to offer both a wide range of graduate courses and a faculty/student ratio that encouraged close faculty mentoring of each student in the program. In 1979, a certificate program was established in which graduate students in any discipline represented in the School could incorporate a sequence of preservation-related courses into their degree program. In addition to program development, Robertson brought the annual Mayors’ Conference to the University, helped establish an advisory committee for the restoration of Jefferson’s Lawn, brought top architects to the Rotunda for the recording by Rizzoli of “The Charlottesville Tapes,” and produced a taped conversation between Fred Nichols and himself about the Lawn.

Robertson’s Departure from the University While at the University, Robertson lived in Hotel D on the East Range. After leaving as dean, he planned new urbanist communities such as

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Florida’s Celebration and WaterColor with Cooper, Robertson & Partners, the firm he helped found in 1988.

Board of Directors New Jersey Business and Industry Association; Good Neighbor Award Rockefeller Group Corporate Park, Building 105 2001 Urban Land Institute; Award for Excellence Celebration “Cities are the highest calling of architecture, City Design Center, College of Architecture and the and modernism was a disaster in terms of cities,” Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago; Best Practice Robertson said. His own work is deeply rooted in in Affordable Housing Design HELP Genesis the classical tradition, particularly that of his native Apartments at Union Square AIA Central Virginia Virginia. “Classicism is the lingua franca of Western Chapter; and Merit Award Drysdale House 2000 architecture,” he said. “Whether you choose to speak Municipal Art Society of New York Preservation it is your choice, but you have to know it.” Award 34 Commerce. In the January 2010 issue of Robertson received the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Architectural Digest, his firm was listed as one of the 100 Medal in Architecture in 1998, the Seaside Institute top designers and architects in the world. Prize in 2002, and the Richard H. Driehaus Prize In honor of the dean, the Jaquelin T. Robertson for Classical Architecture in 2007. A fellow of Visiting Professorship in Architecture Fund was both the American Institute of Architects and the established in 2007 in the School to attract scholars American Institute of Certified Planners, he has and professionals from outside the University to the had a wide-ranging career. Robertson was awarded School of Architecture in order to promote a more the fifth annual Richard H. Driehaus Prize by the diverse and international faculty as exemplified by School of Architecture at the University of Notre Jaquelin T. Robertson. Dame in Indiana. The prize was created to honor major contributors in the field of traditional and classical architecture. Other awards include the following: American Association of Museum Design—Excellence in Design, Publication Design Assuring the Jefferson Legacy: The Site and Facilities Plan for Monticello ASLA; Merit Award WaterColor Landscape Master Plan National Association of Home Builders; Grand Award for Excellence WaterColor Town Center HELP Corporation; Building Better Lives Design of four HELP Residential Projects, Cooper Contribution to

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

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Harry William Porter Jr. Harry William Porter Jr., born in Geneva, New York, on 26 May 1936, was appointed dean on 1 July 1989 for five years, during the 1985-1990 tenure of the University’s sixth president, Robert M. O’Neil. He came to the University as associate professor of landscape architecture on 1 September 1969 with a bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture from Syracuse University and a master’s degree in landscape architecture degree from Harvard. In 1972, he became a full professor at the University and remained chair until 1982.

live on the Lawn—Pavilion IX (The following two deans, William McDonough and Karen Van Lengen, also resided there.) Additionally, he was the first University architect 1991-1994. As the University architect, he promoted traditional architecture in new buildings and served on the Albemarle County Architecture Review Board. Later, he was elected as an honorary member of the VSAIA and was president of the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture. Porter retired from the University effective 30 June 1995.

Prior to coming to the University, he taught landscape architecture at the University of Michigan, being an assistant professor 1965-1967 and then associate professor 1967-1969. Porter also served as an instructor at Harvard 1964-1965.

In 2003, the Harry W. Porter Jr. Chair and Distinguished Visiting Professorship was established by an

At the University of Virginia, Porter was associate dean of administration 1982-1983, first chair of the landscape architecture program, and became interim dean of the School of Architecture effective 1 July 1987. On 1 July 1991, Porter was awarded the Elson Professor of Architecture chair for a three-year term and, on 1 September 1994, was transferred from that chair to the Lawrence Lewis Jr. Professor of Architecture chair. He was the first dean of the School to

Deans Forum, Clark Law School, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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ongoing campaign in the School, co-chaired by Reuben Rainey and Nancy Takahashi, in honor of the “unforgettable” Harry Porter, who was the founder of the program in landscape architecture and whose career at the University spanned more than two decades. His studios were known for tackling complex urban design issues and imparting a strong environmental ethic and powerful sense of professionalism on the students in them. The professorship honors an outstanding leader and teacher. Additionally A memorial Pumpkin Ash was planted at the University in his honor. As Dean, Porter saw the divions within the school become departments, the founding of the annual Dean’s Forum, and the formation of The Commision on Historic Preservation Education. Board of Visitors Minutes on 6 October 1989: The President announced that the names of the divisions within the School of Architecture have been changed to departments. These include the Department of Architecture, the Department of Architectural History, the Department of Landscape Architecture, and the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning; these changes subject to final approval by the State Council of Higher Education of Virginia. The divisions within the School received official recognition as separate departments.

Harry William Porter, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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The annual Dean’s Forum was established in 1989 to recognize donors to the School of $1,000 or more with a reception and dinner in an historic place with talks and tours. Some of the historic places where the event has been held include Hotel E, Garrett Hall, Clark Hall, Bayly Art Museum, Fayerweather Gallery, The Colonnades at Lambeth Field, McCormick Observatory, Westover, Blenheim, Rivanna Farm, Redlands, Sunny Bank, Mirador, Estouteville, Ramsay, Esmont, and the Jefferson Theater.

Bern on 29 January 2011 and at the Colonnade Club at the University on 27 March 2011 with tributes by Kim Tanzer, Anne Porter, Nancy Takahashi, Leonard Sandridge, Pete Anderson, Warren Byrd, Sue Nelson, Michael Vergason, Emily Pelliccia, and others. In honor of his life and work, the 2011 Lunch published a brief biography about Dean Porter and his tenure at the University.

Dean Harry W. Porter’s contributions to the School of Architecture and the University are profound and In August 1991 an ad hoc alumni advisory comenduring. In his 26 years at U.Va., Porter founded mittee on historic preservation, chaired by Douglas the Department of Landscape Architecture, served Harnsberger (U.Va. M ArH 1981) and Travis C. as the Dean of the School, and was appointed the McDonald Jr. (U.Va. M ArH 1980), met to respond first Architect of the University, a position he helped to President Casteen’s request for comments on his establish. His distinguished career of academic draft “Plan for the Year 2000.” The group, a Comleadership and service was grounded in a strong and mission on Historic Preservation Education at the articulate environmental ethic. He advocated a firm University of Virginia, authorized by Dean Porter, commitment to work in the public realm, enlightened was formed and headed by chair de Teel Patterson environmental stewardship, and the responsibility Tiller (U.Va. M ArH 1977). The outcome was a to preserve cultural landscapes. He also believed the report highlighting nine recommendations and six professions of architecture, landscape architecture, goals in August 1992, most of which was not imple- and planning should be guided by a democratic vision mented. of social justice and the power of art to delight, enrich, and foster the life of a community. He never ceased to The Passing of Dean Porter emphasize that design and planning were in essence Harry Porter died 19 January 2011 at his beloved his- the giving of form to values, and he urged those toric home in New Bern, North Carolina. A celebra- engaged in these pursuits to be fully conscious and tion of his life was held at a memorial service in New critical of the values informing their work.

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(Left) Professor Daphne Spain, Acting Dean, Spring 1994, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection (Right) Architectural Design Jury, Charles Gwathmey, Peter Waldman, Michael Shure, and WG Clark, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

Standing six-foot-four inches tall, Porter was a dashing and charismatic presence in the halls of Campbell. Students recall his striking athletic figure (he was a star in track, basketball, and football in high school) crossed with his boyish, matinee-idol look that beamed warmth and empathy. His behavior was a paradoxical blend of serenity and intensity. He was often private and, at other times, very public, but there was always that kind smile and playful gleam in his eye that revealed his zest for life and slightly devilish sense of humor. Shunning the spotlight, he preferred to remain in the background, supporting and mentoring the success of others, but his undeniable talents would elevate him to leadership positions throughout his lifetime. Porter was recruited by Dean Joseph Bosserman to establish a Department of Landscape Architecture in the newly opened Campbell Hall building in 1969. By then, he already had accrued an impressive mix of professional and academic credentials, including degrees from Syracuse and Harvard, work in the distinguished professional firms of Sasaki, Dawson, and DeMay and Associates and Edward Durell Stone Jr. and Associates, and five years of teaching at Harvard and the University of Michigan. Within thirteen short years, Porter built the department faculty and

created a highly motivated, close-knit community of students and faculty. A rigorous, comprehensive curriculum emerged focusing on what Porter and his faculty envisioned as the core of landscape architecture—site-specific design based on a clear and sophisticated environmental ethic. They introduced courses in design theory, emphasized historical precedent as a source of design, and developed a rigorous technical curriculum integrated with studio. He and his wife Anne (also an outstanding teacher) opened their home frequently to faculty and students. Department picnics, softball games, tubing on the James, hikes, field trips, and graduation banquets in the Rotunda characterized the rich social life of the Department and complemented its academic rigor. Quickly the program rose as one of the leading ones in the nation. Porter continued to teach full time as Chair. He was responsible for studio, landform and grading, and the site works course to architecture students. He was appreciated as a tough and demanding studio critic whose brilliant clear-headedness grasped students’ intentions quickly and steered them precisely. He tailored his instruction to each individual’s needs and tolerance for criticism. For those former students who became teachers, Porter was their archetype

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of excellence. Warren T. Byrd, a student and later a colleague, remembers him as “intuitive, sensitive, inspiring, and demanding. . . . He held to the highest of ideals and fairness . . . we knew that he would find something of value in our work but would leave us thinking we could certainly do better.” Porter’s articulate environmental ethic, proven leadership ability, calm civility, and advocacy of cross-disciplinary work were major factors in his selection as Dean of the School of Architecture in 1987. Under his leadership the School’s mission focused on the planning and design of public spaces throughout the nation. He recognized the importance of architectural history in the curriculum, supporting research and teaching in that discipline as well as strengthening the program in historic preservation. He initiated efforts to develop more collaborative courses in the four departments and encouraged additional international study opportunities similar to those of the already established Venice and Vicenza programs. He also increased recruiting efforts for minority faculty and students. In describing the flavor of his tenure, Professor Daphne Spain of the Urban and Environmental Planning Department and then Associate Dean under Porter, aptly described him as the “populist Dean.” He worked to support and nourish the ideas

and initiatives of the student/faculty community he was charged to oversee. With far-sightedness in an era of dramatic decline of state funding for the University, Porter expanded the School of Architecture’s development office, made numerous fund-raising trips throughout the country, and established the Dean’s Forum, which continues today to honor generous donors to the School. As University Architect, serving from 1991-94, he sought to improve the quality of the University’s architecture and site planning through commissioning distinguished national firms. His willingness to serve in these two demanding positions at the same time was emblematic of his energy and total commitment to service to the University. Former University President John Casteen, then a member of the search committee for the Dean, remembers Porter: “As the meeting ended, he told us what he would do as Dean. Then he went away and did it elegantly, gently, modestly, and above all brilliantly. . . . The impression that always comes to mind: Harry—thoughtful, cool, sympathetic, principled, and gentle—quietly teaching culture and value, often about planning and landscape architecture, but always about life and how to live it well.” Harry Porter retired from the faculty in 1995. He was the recipient of several national and University

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honors, including election to the Council of Fellows of the American Society of Landscape Architects, President of the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture, membership in the Raven Society, and the Edward E. Elson and Lawrence Lewis Jr. Professorships in Architecture. In New Bern, North Carolina, his place of retirement, he continued his commitment to public service through pro bono design work for the city. In 2003 the Harry W. Porter Visiting Professorship was established with the enthusiastic support of alumni and friends. A pumpkin ash tree, planted on the Lawn in front of Pavilion IX where the Porters lived for four years, honors him as well. Harry Porterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s legacy endures in the hundreds of alumni who have gone on to become leaders in professional practice, scholarship, and the civic life of their communities. Here in Campbell Hall, that same legacy profoundly resonates in our teaching, our collaborative community, and our continuing commitment to the public realm, as we strive to become skilled and enlightened citizen stewards of the world we inhabit.

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W I L L I A M A . M C D O N O U G H 1 9 5 1 - ( U . V A . T E N U R E 1 9 9 4 - 1 9 9 9 ) FA I A , FRI A B DA R T M O U T H B A V I S A R T S /A R T H I S T/C O M P L I T 19 7 3 , YA L E M A R C H / P H O T O G R A P H Y 19 76 EDWA RD E . EL SON PROFESSOR EMERITUS

Historical Context: Sustainable Architecture As an outgrowth of the energy crisis and the environ- In a 1789 letter to James Madison, Jefferson wrote: ment pollution concerns of the 1970s, the practice For if [man] could, he might, during his own life, of sustainable architecture gained relevance and eat up the use of the lands for several generations popularity. Sustainable practice employs an ethic of to come, and then the lands would belong to the using environmentally conscious design techniques dead, and not to the living. to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings and other man-made objects. This is The earth belongs to the living. No man may by achieved by enhancing efficiency and moderation in natural right oblige the lands he owns or occupies the use of materials, energy, and development space. to debts greater than those that may be paid during Ecological design aims to help rather than inhibit his own lifetime. Because if he could, then the the opportunities of future generations. Its “green” world would belong to the dead, and not to the construction is the practice of creating structures living. that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life cycle: from siting William A. McDonough to design, construction, operation, maintenance, William A. McDonough became the Edward E. renovation, and deconstruction in order to reduce Elson Professor of Architecture and the tenth the overall impact of the built environment. It takes advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight William A. McDonough, courtesy of McDonough through solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and for reduction of rainwater run-off. Certificate systems, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 1998, were established to provide verification that buildings were designed using green or sustainable practices.

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Four Deans (from left to right): Harry Porter, William McDonough, Joseph Bosserman, and Jacquelin Robertson, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

administrative head as dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia in 1994. He and the next two deans of architecture—Karen Van Lengen and Kim Tanzer—were appointed during the 1990-2010 tenure of the University’s seventh president, John T. Casteen III.

McDonough is the founding principal of William McDonough + Partners, an internationally recognized design firm practicing ecologically, socially, and economically intelligent architecture and planning in the United States and abroad. He is also principal of MBDC, a product and systems development firm assisting prominent client companies in designing McDonough was a magna cum laude Phi Beta Kappa profitable and environmentally intelligent solutions. graduate from Dartmouth and had a master of archi- McDonough is a venture partner at VantagePoint tecture degree from Yale. While at the University of Venture Partners in San Bruno, California. Virginia, he was the creative director of the Institute for Sustainable Design in the School 1996-1999. He McDonough was appointed the Elson Professor of is an internationally renowned designer and one of Architecture at the University 1 September 1994, the primary proponents and shapers of what he and was a visiting professor at the University of Virginia’s his partners call “The Next Industrial Revolution.” Darden Graduate School of Business AdministraTime magazine recognized him in 1999 as a “Hero tion, and consulting professor of civil and environfor the Planet,” stating “his utopianism is grounded mental engineering at Stanford University. He serves in a unified philosophy that—in demonstrable and as U.S. chair and member of the board of councilors practical ways—is changing the design of the world.” of the China-U.S. Center for Sustainable DevelopTime Magazine again recognized McDonough and ment. He is on the advisory board for the Cambridge Michael Braungart as “Heroes of the Environment” Programme for Sustainability Leadership (CPSL). in October 2007. In 1996, McDonough received the Presidential Award for Sustainable Development, the McDonough’s leadership in sustainable development is recognized widely, both in the United States and nation’s highest environmental honor; and in 2003 internationally, and he has written and lectured earned the U.S. EPA Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award. In 2004, he received the National extensively on his design philosophy and practice. Design Award for exemplary achievement in the field He was commissioned in 1991 to write The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability as guidelines for the of environmental design. In October 2007, McDonough was elected an International Fellow of the City of Hannover’s EXPO 2000—a manifesto for environmentally conscious building and design comRoyal Institute of British Architects.

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Graduation, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

missioned by that German city as the official guide for all design for that World’s Fair. He is renowned for the Centennial Sermon given in 1993 at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City entitled, “Design, Ecology, Ethics, and the Making of Things.” More recently, McDonough and Michael Braungart co-authored Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things, published in 2002 by North Point Press. William A. McDonough is a founding member of the American Institute of Architects Committee on the Environment. An advisor to President Clinton’s Council on Sustainable Development, McDonough was the lead designer on the “Greening of the White House” project that made environmental recommendations about parts of the White House buildings and grounds complex. In 1996, he became the only individual to receive the nation’s highest environmental award, The Presidential Award for Sustainable Development. At the White House ceremony, he was characterized as the “mastermind of sustainable design.”

in 1985 and the Herman Miller SQA factory in Zeeland, Michigan, which won Business Week and Architectural Record magazines’ Design of the Year Award in 1997. He is also noted for his competitionwinning design for the Gap Corporate campus in San Bruno, California, which opened in November 1997, and Nike’s European Headquarters completed in 1998. Architect magazine listed his firm as one of the country’s very best 100 architectural firms in its May 2010 issue. A highly sought-after consultant and lecturer, McDonough is an adviser to the City of Chattanooga, Tennessee, on sustainable communities. He serves on professional boards throughout the United States. He has served on the board of trustees of the W. Alton Jones Foundation, Second Nature, and The Natural Step, and as a juror for the Heinz Awards and the Council on Economic Priorities. McDonough’s expertise brought greater focus and knowledge concerning sustainable and ecological architectural practices to the School and University.

Because of McDonough’s pioneering steps in susMcDonough’s Charlottesville architectural firm tainable and preservation areas, he became known has been the recognized leader in the architectural nationally as “The Green Dean”. community for designs that combine aesthetic appeal with ecological intelligence such as the national headquarters for the Environmental Defense Fund

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Studio scene, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

HISTORY OF THE A-SCHOOL

K A R E N V A N L E N G E N 19 51- ( U .VA . T E N U R E 19 9 9 - 2 0 0 9) VA S S A R B A P S YC H O L O G Y 19 7 3 , C O L U M B I A M A R C H 19 76 , W I L L I A M R . K E N A N J R . PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE

Historical Context: Design-Build Design-Build pedagogy developed in the early 1990s as a reaction to the increased compartmentalization within the profession of architecture. Whereas in earlier decades architects passed their plans to contractors and engineers, Design-Build called for a single-stream process in which the designer oversaw every stage of a building project, allowing for the elimination of outworkers. The system promoted direct communication between client and architect to curtail the cost and time associated with coordinating different service providers. Furthermore, Design-Build placed total responsibility on the architect-in-charge, simplifying the managerial duties of the client. Design-Build was viewed as a revival of the master-builder system while also allowing for architectural innovation through awareness of the building as a whole system, not a series of discrete parts. The Design-Build Institute of America was founded in 1993 and by the early 2000s it was estimated that over 40% of new projects utilized Design-Build methods.

Karen Van Lengen Karen Van Lengen became the Edward E. Elson Professor of Architecture and the eleventh

administrative head as dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia effective 25 June 1999 for a five-year term that was extended to a second five-year term on 25 June 2004. Van Lengen graduated cum laude with departmental honors with a bachelor of arts in psychology from Vassar and a master of architecture degree from Columbia. An award-winning architect, she began her career as a design associate for I. M. Pei & Partners, New York City. After completing a Fulbright Fellowship in Rome, she established her own practice and gained international recognition with several award-winning competitions and projects. From 1995-1999, she chaired the Department of Architecture at Parsons School of Design in New York, where she founded the renowned Design Build Workshop before being appointed dean of the University of Virginia School of Architecture in 1999. Her projects comprise residential and institution work, including a design consultant role at the Supreme Court. In 1990, she won the prestigious America Memorial Library Competition in Berlin, Germany.

Additions to the School of Architecture During Van Lengenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tenure, the School of

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Architecture received many building additions and renovations. After dismissing many design proposals for additions and renovations at Carr’s Hill, Van Lengen tapped into the talents of her own faculty, students, and alumni to carry out her vision at the School of Architecture. “I speak for the architects of all these projects when expressing my profound gratitude and honor in working with Dean Van Lengen to help realize her vision and amazing accomplishment,” said WG Clark, Edmund Schureman Campbell Professor of Architecture and the architect of the Victor and Sono Elmaleh Wing at Campbell Hall. The South Wing and East Tower additions made to the School of Architecture during Van Lengen’s tenure were based on initial studies by Bushman Dreyfus Architects, established by Jeff Bushman (U.Va. BS Arch 1977, U.Va. M Arch 1984) and Jeff Dreyfus (U.Va. M Arch 1985), as well as a summer studio directed by Peter Waldman and further development by SMBW Architects of Richmond, Virginia. Led by Karen Van Lengen and Will Scribner (U.Va. B Arch 1971), SMBW created a plan that articulated several building and landscape interventions that were then designed in collaboration with selected members of the design faculty. These additions were strategically located on the south and east sides of Campbell Hall to complement existing interior spaces and to support the teaching mission of the School.

Karen Van Lengen, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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Since the construction of Campbell Hall in 1970, the School’s life, and the occupant demands and expectations of its residents, had changed. Growth in the School’s faculty and student populations, changes to curricular structure and goals, and the evolution of the underlying values held collectively by the members of the School community necessitated additional space for varied uses. In the past two decades, the size of the student body had almost doubled, while the faculty had nearly tripled in number. The introduction of graduate programs in architecture and landscape architecture had additionally expanded demand for design space. Similar growth in the planning and architectural history programs necessitated additional classroom and seminar space.

faculty office space. In a school whose faculty had tripled since the building was constructed in 1970, an addition providing twenty-six new offices solved many problems. Sherman’s faculty offices related to the studios in a way that recalled the relationship of the pavilions to the Lawn. The south porches, as at Monticello, had an important climatic role. In the summer they act as chimneys, cooling themselves as air moves, and in the winter they acted as solaria, capturing light and warmth. The glass louvers filtered sunlight into the offices and porches, with a potential for future energy production. The new south design created a setting for improved institutional, communal, and personal relationships. The plans knitted together relationships both horizontally and vertically, suggesting the School’s own interpretation of an Academical Village. On the fourth floor a technology bridge served as a meeting place between faculty and students in the area between faculty offices and design studios. This important space housed computers, scanners, and plotters for digital studios.

The additions added approximately 13,000 square feet of new interior space, as well as exterior spaces designed to extend the working areas of the school into the site. In addition, the project established a positive relationship between the building and the environment. A responsible building cannot be designed in the abstract and imposed on a place. It was felt that this addition should serve as a pedagogical resource informing students about knowledge of Sherman revealed how a building can mediate place, local materials, and building traditions and the human experience and dynamic natural systems. Many spaces of the south addition exposed the role of technology in design. ordinary events of everyday life to an enriched perProfessor William Sherman’s design of the South ception of place and time. Conference and review Wing addition addressed the enormous need for rooms on the 2nd floor opened up to outdoor

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classrooms and a teaching landscape. A Faculty Research Studio on the 3rd floor and a Review Room on the 4th floor were generous volumes constantly animated with changing light from the movement of the sun and the reversal of day and night. Two very different spaces provided singular experiences in the daily life of the students. The existing stair on the south of the building was enclosed, providing an enlarged landing between the 2nd and 3rd floors. This dim, interior space marked the time with an inverted sundial, a sliver of light, measuring the hours and the seasons as a quiet place for a moment of reflection. In the 4th floor Review Room, the west wall opened to the expansive western view, creating a lantern effect at night that was seen from central Grounds as well as University Avenue. Designed by Professor WG Clark (U.Va. B Arch 1965), the Sono and Victor Elmaleh Addition --a tall, thin mini-tower, served as the new face of the School- allowed visitors to look into a striking space combining reception, review, and exhibition areas. An elevator and stair tied the building together vertically. The rooms of the East Tower enabled multiple permutations of space and gathering. Some pin-up wall panels folded down to become seminar tables, transforming the room into a dual purpose space. This new configuration allowed students in all four departments to use review rooms throughout the day and evening. The building’s interior north wall featured panels designed to pivot, enabling a class to

pin up work on both sides. These new spaces transformed the thinking of studio gatherings. The building’s uniquely narrow, long shape maximized wall space, so much so that the east and west ends could be made transparent. The south wall, clad in brick and concrete, faced the similarly dressed Carr’s Hill and the Academical Village. The north wall faced the Arts Grounds, in the same spirit, with a more animated façade of concrete, glass, and metal. Students working in the upper level were able to gaze east across Mad Bowl or north to contemplate the Arts Grounds—long, inspiring views in every direction. The proposed South Wing and East Tower additions to Campbell Hall served as challenging catalysts for reconnecting the School of Architecture to its larger context. Professor Warren T. Byrd, Jr. (U.Va. MLA 1978), articulated a vision for a series of new and adapted landscapes for Campbell Hall: a sequence of passages and places that gave long neglected aspects of the Architecture School a greater presence within the University community. The landscape proposal had three distinct, interrelated precincts - the Passage, St. Amand Passage, and the South Slope. While each of these landscapes had a unique character, all established continuity within the project and in relation to the larger setting. They expressed regional and local hydrology, geology, and ecology. They created corridors of movement and occupiable places of gathering and repose that mediated between the interior and exterior of Campbell Hall.

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Campbell Hall, main facade of South Wing, designed by Professor William Sherman

Besides the significant east and south additions, many smaller, yet still important, additions and renovations were carried out at the School. The Passage, still unbuilt, would have provided a direct connection from Rugby Road to the Architecture School. Bracketed by the University Art Museum and the fraternity to the north, the proposal preserved what was best about the existing landscape while introducing new walls, generous steps, and plantings that reinforced the new alignment between Rugby Road and the East Tower. St. Amand Passage, named in memory of its donor, negotiated over twenty feet of topographic change in the complex and difficult landscape enfolding the new East Tower. This was a landscape that honored the East Tower in simple austere surfaces of stone floorings, concrete and stone ramps, and vertically expressive primordial plant species such as Sentry Gingko and horsetail. At the north edge of Carr’s Hill, high retaining walls were staggered back from the parking court and East Tower to create pedestrian access to the third and fourth floors of Campbell Hall and to the landscapes beyond. Upper and lower terraces created linear rooms that provided seating, shade, and a repository for student constructs. At the uppermost terrace, an allee of native sugar maples spatially connected the University Art Museum with Campbell Hall and the South Wing.

The introduction of the South Wing afforded the School an opportunity to redress a long neglected landscape. Parallel to the new addition, a series of stepped and ramped transitions alternated with work terraces, demonstration gardens, and outdoor classrooms that emerged directly from jury and studio spaces on the second and third floors. Throughout this linear landscape, the course of storm water was expressed through narrow rills, drains, and weirs. Plants, pavement, and wall materials were selected to echo the natural and modified infrastructure that characterizes Piedmont Virginia, in particular its xeric to mesic-to-hydric cross-section. An outdoor work terrace with an enclosure for storage/equipment was built adjacent to Campbell Hall. The terrace employed traditional as well as innovative masonry and concrete construction materials and methods. Five design schemes were completed during the summer of 1999. Detailing and material investigations were carried out during the fall 1999 semester on location at Allied Concrete. The development of a prototypical bay of construction from one of the design schemes occurred during the summer of 2000. The Shure Terrace was a product of the annual “Shure Studio,” an upper-level architectural design studio guided by leading visiting practitioners. The

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Fall 2001 studio was under the direction of Charles Wolf and Kathryn Dean of Dean/Wolf Architects. The project received the “Best in Show” award in the Student Awards category of the VSAIA’s annual INFORM magazine design awards competition in 2003. Concrete, steel, and wood furniture formed an outdoor lounge that embodied the surrounding topographical features of the rolling Blue Ridge Mountains. The design team included Andrew Burdick, Penley Chiang, Joshua Galloway, Anne James, Melanie Shields, Stephanie Giles, Leigh Herndon, Geetanjali Ranade, and Aaron Weil. The terrace was demolished when the new landscape and east addition were built. The new Campbell Hall entry, designed in 2002 by Timothy Stenson (U.Va. BS Arch 1981, U.Va. M Arch 1989), with contributions from Jim Kovach, was named “Best in Show” overall in the VSAIA’s annual INFORM magazine design awards competition in 2003. The new insertions consisted of two primary assemblies: a guardrail for the entrance terrace and an enclosing wall for the lobby gallery. The folded-steel guardrail funneled pedestrians toward the entry, then pierced the plane of the building’s exterior glass wall and continued into the lobby. There, the form-language of the guardrail was picked up in the steel gate that enclosed the end of the gallery. A glass-topped steel table in the foyer visually reinforced the connection between indoor and outdoor spaces, as articulated by the guardrail. A pair of outdoor classroom spaces designed and built by Professor Peter Waldman and his students in collaboration with other faculty members was constructed in August 2004. “The Eric Goodwin Passage” was located adjacent to the North Terrace,

aligned on one side with an interior corridor of Campbell Hall and on the other with the tree memorializing Carlo Pelliccia, a much admired professor at the School. Eric Goodwin was a member of the Class of 2002 who had passed away during his final year of study at the School of Architecture. In 2002, his classmates established the Eric Goodwin Memorial Fund to support Design/Build projects designed by faculty to be installed at Campbell Hall. The Mac Lab and the new Digital Router space were designed and constructed by Anselmo Canfora. The Mac lab provided an new working environment for the expanding computer facilities of the school, while the new Router Facility opened up significant new possibilities for design and construction projects. Judith Kinnard renovated the new café in Campbell Hall while also advocating for a new menu for local and healthier foods. Through her advocacy with her students, the University adopted this healthier menu for other dining facilities on Grounds. Architecture students under Tim Beatley’s guidance led the charge to create a university vegetable garden on grounds. In addition to these major projects, Van Lengen also worked with faculty and students to create the following: The new school store designed and built by Philip Donovan; the Outdoor Metablica furniture, by Meriedith Epley, Justin Hershberger, Nathan Petty, Elizabeth Shoffner, Michelle Shuman and Katie Spicer; the teaching tables, located in both east jury rooms of the south addition and the new conference table in the Bishop Conference Room by Robin Dripps and Lucia Phinney. Beyond the School of Architecture, the red brick

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Fine Arts Complex on Carr’s Hill was further developed in the twenty-first century. Fayerweather Hall, the previous home to the School, was renovated in 2006 by Dagit Saylor Architects. In 2008, Ruffin Hall, home of the art department, was added by Schwartz/Silver Architects, and the Culbreth Road Garage was added by Steven Kahle Architects that same year. The Bayly Museum was renamed The University of Virginia Art Museum, and improvements to it were made by Arch-et al in 2010. The Hunter Band Building was completed by William Rawn Associates in 2011. Recognizing the space on Carr’s Hill as dedicated to the arts education, the area was named the Betsy and John Casteen Arts Grounds in 2010 in gratitude to President John T. Casteen III and his wife, Betsy.

National Rankings of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia Under Van Lengen, the School of Architecture was ranked as one of the top U.S. architecture schools in the nation by the journal DesignIntelligence in its annual edition of “America’s Best Architecture & Design Schools.” The survey ranked the school’s graduate program as seventh in the nation in 2005; third in the nation in 2006, and fifth in the nation in 2007. The survey also ranked the school’s landscape

architecture graduate program as fifth in the nation in 2006, and sixth in the nation in 2007 (tied with Rhode Island School of Design). Additionally, the School of Architecture was ranked first in the nation in the new 2007 category of Sustainable Design Practices.

Departure of Van Lengen Under Van Lengen’s leadership, the School of Architecture tripled its endowment and, as of November 2008, raised more than 70 percent of the $25 million campaign goal, placing the School of Architecture’s performance above the University average. In 2004, Van Lengen worked with her Advisory Board to establish the School of Architecture Foundation Board, and together these organizations have built successful outreach and development programs. Stuart Siegel, chair of the Architecture School Foundation Board, said, “Karen’s leadership, strong vision, and active participation in all board activities have directly insured that the historically unmatched professional, financial, and alumni support for the School will remain as one of her greatest legacies for years to come.” Van Lengen was also a strong leader among women at the University. In 2005, Van Lengen founded “Women’s Work,” a University program that sponsors monthly meetings focused on the research work

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of women faculty. Jeanne Leidtke, former director of the Darden School’s Batten Institute said: Van Lengen’s leadership at the architecture school has brought a whole new dimension and richness to the conversation at the University. Her intellectual curiosity and enthusiasm for collaboration across the professional schools has inspired all of us. During her tenure as dean, Van Lengen developed her own research that explored the relation between sound and space. A recent project, undertaken in collaboration with Joel Sanders and Ben Rubin, was called MIX HOUSE. It was part of the OPEN HOUSE Exhibition sponsored by the Vitra Museum and Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, and received worldwide acclaim through its many international shows. Barry Bergdoll, The Philip Johnson Chief Curator of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, wrote: Karen Van Lengen and Joel Sanders have engaged in a research project that is at once timely and startlingly original. . . ..As a design project, MIX HOUSE recalls earlier work of both architects with domestic space as visual mediation, but extends it now not only to a different sense but also to a whole new register of cultural interrogations. MIX HOUSE stands alone as a design proposition, but it also provides, in the tradition of many manifesto

designs, the starting point for a discussion of great resonance. It is in this sense both a scholarly and a critically engaged design intervention with the potential to be remembered as a seminal statement of a new configuration of cultural issues in a still emerging digital culture with enormous implications for the social and political realms of daily life. The MIX HOUSE project of Joel Sanders, Karen Van Lengen, and Ben Rubin joined the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago and is featured in its Highlights from the Department of Architecture and Design in 2010. Van Lengen co-authored several articles related to this theme and is considered one of the pioneers in this emerging area of architecture. She and Joel Sanders incorporated these ideas in the renovation of the lounge space in Campbell Hall. Van Lengen received from the VSAIA the Distinguished Achievement Award in 2009, and she also received the 2010 Elizabeth Zintl Leadership Award at the University. She is the author of several articles and has co-authored (with Lisa Reilly and Marlene E. Heck) the College Campus Guide: Vassar College, published by Princeton Architectural Press in 2003. Just prior to stepping down as dean, she and her renowned artist-husband Jim Welty designed and rebuilt the School’s “naugahyde” student lounge. She was the third dean of architecture to live in Pavilion IX on the Lawn, following in the tradition of Harry Porter and William McDonough.

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As an academic leader, Van Lengen championed cross-disciplinary opportunities both within her school and across the University to address the complex environmental and cultural challenges that she dubbed “the architecture of urgent matters.” She created the new department of Architecture and Landscape Architecture in 2003 in order to create a more synthetic relationship between these disciplines. She championed the school’s influence in the post-Katrina reconstruction initiatives, supported the development of emergency and sustainable housing programs, and encouraged a constructive dialogue between ethics and aesthetics. When she retired as dean, she became the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Architecture. Van Lengen completed a decade of leadership as dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia in July 2009. During her tenure, she significantly raised the School’s profile, founded innovative academic programs and publications, built a substantial research culture among her faculty, and directed a successful capital campaign as well as remaking the school’s home at Campbell Hall.

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(Left) Victor and Sono Elmaleh East Wing, Designed by Professor WG Clark (U.Va. B Arch 1965), image: Scott Smith (Right) Graduation, 2001, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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K I M T A N Z E R 19 5 5 - ( U .VA . T E N U R E 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 14) D U K E B A I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A R Y S T U D I E S 1 9 7 7, N C S TAT E M A R C H 19 8 4 , E D WA R D E . E L S O N PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE

The advances in design and communication technology pioneered in the 1990s paired with growing markets in swiftly industrializing countries enabled an international dimension to twenty-first century architectural practice impossible in previous decades. Throughout the 2000s, monumental and widely publicized works by “starchitects” such as Zaha Hadid and Santiago Calatrava exhibited a new era of globalized architecture. The exchange of ideas permitted by the digital age led to more, however, than high profile projects by international teams. Many architects began to employ building as a means to tackle pressing human rights concerns and issues of social welfare. Environmental sustainability remained a chief concern as professionals addressed the reality of man-made climate change. On both of these fronts, architects used new, global networks to work beyond their communities and produce work with international significance. Awareness of global issues and the many possibilities offered by modern technology also had profound impact on the study of the built environment. Throughout the world, more architecture students began to pursue PhD-level research. In the past 20 years, Schools of Architecture have come to recognize that they can no longer be simply schools of design, but they must also become centers of research on the built environment.

Kim Tanzer became the Edward E. Elson Professor of Architecture and University of Virginia’s twelfth administrative head as dean of the School of Architecture on 1 July 2009 for a five-year term. Tanzer was a University of Florida architecture professor and practicing architect whose teaching and research encompassed three key areas—the relationship between the human body and the built environment; environmental design and sustainability; and African-American neighborhoods and their role in social equity. As dean, Tanzer was responsible for, among other things, the architecture school’s educational affairs; the development of its academic programs; effective leadership with students, faculty, staff, and alumni; and fund-raising initiatives to enhance the school’s current and future aspirations. Tanzer supervised the creation of several interdisciplinary research centers designed to take advantage of unique faculty expertise. Aware of the increased interest in high-level research as well as the University’s strategic initiatives, Tanzer also established an interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, titled, “Ph.D. in the Constructed Environment,” and succeeded in attracting a wide range of international faculty and students to the school. Perhaps most importantly, Tanzer promoted a continued exploration of the relationship between education, architectural space, and democratic

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citizenship as first expressed by Thomas Jefferson in his design of the Academical Village, which she has dubbed, “a curriculum in the practical imagination.”

Kim Tanzer, Edward E. Elson Professor, Dean, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

To support the newly completed Campbell Hall additions, Tanzer took up the task of refreshing Campbell Hall itself. She supervised a student who wrote a historic assessment of Campbell Hall to prepare for its potential inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in the near future, and directed more than 30 discrete refurbishment projects in support of this important goal. With the School’s administrative leadership, Tanzer prepared the School to operate in the University’s emerging resource-centered management culture by streamlining budgetary processes and reporting, identifying appropriate metrics, and creating avenues to align philanthropic and state funding sources. She hired five new department chairs and three new associate deans in four years, including external hires. And she refreshed the School’s leadership, appointing Architecture Chair Iñaki Alday and Department of Landscape Architecture Chair Teresa Gali-Izard. During this time of generational change, she hired more than one-third of the School’s faculty and one-half pf the school’s staff. Upon Tanzer’s appointment, University President John T. Casteen III said, Professor Tanzer brings with her a strong background in collaborative teaching, research,

and community outreach that will reinforce the future direction of the school and keep it on the path toward excellence. I see the School of Architecture as a unique treasure here, and I am confident that Professor Tanzer will be a good steward of this treasure. “The University of Virginia is one of the nation’s great universities, and its School of Architecture is among the best in the nation. Both are well-positioned to respond to pressing and emerging global challenges,” Tanzer said. “I am honored to have the opportunity to work on behalf of the school’s exceptional students, alumni, and faculty, who are educating tomorrow’s environmental design leaders and providing critical and timely knowledge and design responses.”

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(Left) Students construct their own living spaces, or “pods”, to spend the night in outside of Campbell Hall, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection (Right) The Learning Barge, designed and constructed by Phoebe Crisman and students, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

Tanzer brought a broad range of leadership experiences, said Dr. Arthur Garson Jr., the University’s executive vice president and provost. “We have been fortunate to attract a new dean who possesses a blend of practical experience in the classroom, understanding of the academy, and the need to be at the forefront in her field.” Some of Tanzer’s leadership positions include serving as president of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture; president of the National Academy of Environmental Design 2009-2011; chair of the University of Florida’s faculty senate, and faculty member of its Board of Trustees; co-founder and founding director of the Florida Community Design Center; and special adviser to the University of Florida’s president on his university-wide sustainability initiatives. She received local and national awards for her community-based architecture practice and service, including for her extensive work in Fifth Avenue/

Pleasant Street, a historically African-American neighborhood in Gainesville, Florida. “Kim has communicated a commitment to the school and to an activist role in the position,” said Edward R. Ford, a University architecture professor who chaired the search committee. “She has made it clear that it is a task she would attack with passion, ability, and intellect, broadening the school’s multidisciplinary nature while strengthening its foundations.” “The Architecture School houses a diverse set of disciplines, from painters to furniture designers and city planners,” Ford added. “It is almost impossible to find a candidate who appeals to all. Out of hundreds of people considered, Kim demonstrated an ability to empathize and communicate with all of those diverse constituencies—and gain their trust.” Tanzer began her career at the University of Florida in 1988 as an assistant professor, after serving as visiting assistant professor the year before; she

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became associate professor 1993-2001 and then full professor 2001-2009. She graduated magna cum laude from Duke University in 1977 with a bachelor of arts degree. In 1984, she received her master of architecture degree from North Carolina State University, along with a minor in landscape architecture. In addition to many scholarly and popular articles, Tanzer with Rafael Longoria co-edited The Green Braid: Towards an Architecture of Ecology, Economy, and Social Equity (Routledge, 2007). In addition to noting her gratitude for the appointment and her longstanding respect and admiration for the School’s faculty, Tanzer said, The University of Virginia…is really poised between the public and the private universities. It has the reputation for the quality of a private university but with the aspirations and public mission of the best public universities. It’s an amazing place to be, and a really important place as we move into the next century. In my mind,

it is the most important place to be, and I’m thrilled to have the opportunity to help move the agenda forward. Upon learning of Tanzer’s appointment, the leaders of the School of Architecture Foundation Board and its Advisory Board offered words of welcome. Stuart Siegel, Foundation Board president, said, “I look forward to working with Dean Tanzer in furthering the goals and preeminence of the School together with the Foundation Board, fellow alumni, friends, and new partners.” Advisory Board chair, Paul Weinschenk, said: The Advisory Board looks forward to supporting Kim’s efforts to continue the School of Architecture’s progress toward an ever more vibrant group of programs. She inherits a strong platform developed by Karen Van Lengen and brings to her deanship skills and experience that will be helpful to us all in building on the School’s success.

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IĂąaki Alday, Quesada Professor and Chair, Department of Architecture, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

Under Dean Tanzer, the School of Architecture has launched a number of important new curricular and research initiatives.

Interdisciplinary Minor in Global Sustainability In 2011, the University of Virginia launched an interdisciplinary minor in global sustainability, open to students from all the undergraduate schools at the University, with Phoebe Crisman serving as program director. The requirements include a foundation course, Global Sustainability, which has been offered since Spring 2009. Students have a range of courses from various disciplines across the University from which to choose, with options within three categories of environment, equity, and economy, plus a mandatory capstone course that embraces community collaboration to address a sustainability-related issue. They are required to take fifteen credit hours to complete the minor, which has its administrative home in the School of Architecture. According to Tanzer: The Global Sustainability minor, one of three

sustainability minors focused on global engagement offered nationally, is also U.Va.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first interdisciplinary minor. By connecting disciplines within the University we will model the kind of interconnected thinking and problem-solving necessary to preserve and replenish our planetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural capital. By developing capstone courses focused on real-world problems, we will reach beyond the academy to make contributions locally, regionally, and across the world. Phoebe Crisman, director of the minor and an associate professor in the School of Architecture, said: Students participating in the minor will develop key competencies for sustainability literacy, understand complex and multidisciplinary issues through systems thinking and civic engagement, and become future agents of sustainable change.

Center for Design and Health Recognizing the relationship between design and health, the School of Architecture launched the Center for Design and Health in 2011 to pursue cross-disciplinary research to advance the design and planning of patient-centered facilities and healthy neighborhoods, towns and cities.

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Teresa Galí-Izard, Associate Professor and Chair of Landscape Architecture, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

The goal of the center is to empower faculty and community collaborations. It will act as a catalyst, providing seed funding to new research and projects already under way that bring together researchers from a variety of disciplines to address design challenges that incorporate the expertise of design professionals, policy planners and health professionals. Although based in the School of Architecture, the center aims to engage the school’s faculty, alumni and students who seek or are working in careers in health-related design and planning, with faculty from areas across the University who have expertise in physical, emotional or community health, including the schools of Medicine and Nursing, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the departments of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology.

Shiqiao Li, Weedon Professor, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

economic development, income disparity, cultural and historical preservation and restoration, and social equity and justice to name only a few. The four disciplines of the School of Architecture — architectural history, architecture, landscape architecture, and urban and environmental planning — work together to bring new ways of thinking about and conceptualizing solutions to problems facing society.

The goals of the CDRC are to support faculty, students, and community members to: - Increase our research and practice of ways design disciplines inform our knowledge of systems thinking, engagement, and solutions in unique ways. - Develop synergistic linkages between sustainability, design, new technologies, and community Community Design Research Center development. - Build the capacity within the School of The Community Design Research Center (CDRC) Architecture and with on-Grounds and community initiates, generates, and works collaboratively with partners to define problems with an interdisciplinary partners to connect faculty, students, and community lens and to collaboratively build strategies for sustainmembers to research and design application projects able solutions across Charlottesville, Virginia, and aimed at addressing systemic local, regional, national, the world. and global challenges. Called the “wicked” problems of society, these include human settlements, sustainable ecosystems, poverty, food and health inequities,

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“China: Memory Palace” exhibit, Elmaleh Gallery, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

Ph.D. in the Constructed Environment

“One of the exciting things about the program is its combination of depth and breadth,” said Kirk Martini, associate professor and associate dean for A new Ph.D. in the Constructed Environment was academics in the Architecture School. “Traditionally, approved by the State Council of Higher Education Ph.D. students spend most of their time with other in Virginia (SCHEV) in May 2013. The interdiscistudents who are studying a topic very closely related plinary doctoral degree will span all of the school’s to their own. In this program, students will regularly disciplines: architecture, landscape architecture, interact with other Ph.D. students studying problems urban and environmental planning, and architectural of a quite different scale and nature.” history. The term “Constructed Environment” refers to the The school has an established record of this type environment created by human society, ranging in of interdisciplinary research, which the proposed scale from building components to global infrastrucdoctoral program is intended to advance and ture. Many of today’s most challenging problems augment, said Tanzer. relate to the constructed environment and its impact “This marks an important new chapter in the history on society and the Earth. These problems include environmental sustainability, public health, affordable of the U.Va. School of Architecture,” she said. “Our housing and urban sprawl. faculty will be able to contribute fully to shaping the next generation of academics and scholar-practitioners, and students from across the country and around the world will have the opportunity to work with U.Va.’s best-in-class faculty.”

The program will produce scholars and practitioners who can create and apply new knowledge about issues of the human-made environment. A key characteristic of these issues is their interdisciplinary scope and scale, encompassing technical, social, ethical, historical and aesthetic questions.

The Ph.D. in the constructed environment is structured to instill a combination of specialized knowledge guided by broad perspective. “In this new Ph.D. program, students will learn both the common points and distinctions of their research methods, will learn to communicate with people from other disciplines, and will probably find unexpected connections between their work and others,” Martini said.

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The degree program will also ensure the position of leadership of the school and the University by adding doctoral-level researchers who can provide a deeper and more sustained effort to research projects that will complement and augment the work done by undergraduates and professional master’s degree students.

challenge of exploring alternatives, finding innovative solutions, and partnering with others in cross– disciplinary approaches to address both pressing immediate challenges and long–term solutions for sustainable infrastructure systems.

“Ultimately the Ph.D. in the constructed environment will give us a powerful new vehicle to help create a more just and sustainable world,” Tanzer said. The new Ph.D. program will welcome its first full cohort in the fall of 2014.

The School educates professionals who care about engaging the particularities of place to effect positive change. Our pedagogy inculcates a critical perspective on place–one that gleans key lessons from the past and present, from historical patterns and ecological processes, in order to imagine how to regenerate places for the future.

Research Initiatives The School faculty identified six School-wide interdisciplinary research themes, described as “six ways to sustainability.” These organize areas of shared concern and translate them into real solutions that benefit communities around the world. During Tanzer’s tenure, two matured into interdisciplinary research centers, described above. Design + Health

This research theme addresses the recent national awareness that building, landscape, and community design influence the health and well-being of citizens. From indoor air pollution to the health impacts of sedentary car-dependent lifestyles, public health advocates are looking to the planning and design fields for guidance and solutions. Resilient Communities

The School is uniquely positioned to take on the

Regenerate

Community Design Research Center

With our unique combination of disciplines, the School demonstrates a shared value in learning by serving those facing social, environmental, and economic challenges. Within our School community as well as the community at large, there exist multiple opportunities for faculty, students, and community members to focus on projects and pedagogy that engage communities in dialogue and the design process to solve problems. Design Representation + Material Practices

There are important opportunities, within the School and beyond, to expand the role of design, to extend the unique capacity of design thinking into many more areas, and to engage a more diverse pool of collaborators.

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Global Cultures + the Constructed Environment

Recognizing that our faculty and students share a commitment to border-crossings of various kinds, this research theme provides a venue for expanding the School’s global reach and fostering critical debate.

Internationalizing the School Tanzer stabilized and expanded existing international offerings. These continued to provide students and faculty with the broad perspectives needed to succeed in a fast-changing, globalized society, along with opportunities to serve and make an impact. For example, the programs in Vicenza and Venice, always closely linked, were reframed under the regional umbrella of the Veneto, with Cammy Brothers appointed as the Valmarana Professor and program director. The longstanding China program, organized by Yunsheng Huang, is being strengthened with support from the Weedon Foundation and through the hiring of the Weedon Chair in Asian Architecture, Shiqiao Li. The Falmouth program has expanded to incorporate faculty from architecture and landscape architecture, supplementing Louis Nelson’s leadership through architectural history. The School also welcomes the world to the University of Virginia, through invited lecturers, new faculty

with international perspectives such as Iñaki Alday, Teresa Gali-Izard, Shiqiao Li, and more, and admitted students from outside the U.S. who bring diverse perspectives.

A-School students creating public walk in Ghana, U.Va. School of Architecture Collection

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(Top) Work from Summer Design Institute 2013 (Bottom) Deanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Forum 2013, Monticello and Montalto

AFTERWORD Thomas Jefferson, the founder and designer of the University of Virginia, knew the power of space to educate. “We shape our buildings,” he said, “and afterwards our buildings shape us.” He believed that democracy itself required an educated citizenry, and that education required a designated setting. The deans, faculty members, and dedicated contributors highlighted in this book are just a few who have made the University of Virginia their academic and professional home. This lineage, nurtured and evolving over the years, motivated them in their drive to contribute to the creation and development of educated citizens capable of high-minded self-governance, in which architectural space — created, uncovered, shared, contested, celebrated — remains the critical matrix holding this compact in alignment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements are many, such as to those faculty and alumni who provided memories and biographies to enrich this history and make it come alive. First and foremost, none of this would have happened without the foresight and support of Dean Kim Tanzer in suggesting that it be written. Kim Wong Haggart, Associate Director of alumni relations and outreach of the School of Architecture Foundation, has been extremely supportive and helpful in providing untiring aid to the project. She had solicited memories of alumni even before I was asked to write this History. Special thanks go to my graduate research assistants: Alex Howe, Jennifer Hugman, Whitney Newton, and Abigail Whalen. Alice Keys, Administrative Assistant to the Dean, faithfully culled the faculty files for biographical data. Other School administrators who have been helpful are Warren Buford, former Executive Director of the Foundation; Scott Karr, Associate Dean for Development; and Cally Bryant, Graphic Designer. Much appreciation is to those faculty and alumni who have embellished this manuscript with their memories.

K. Edward Lay

SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY For a general discussion of Jefferson’s workmen, see: William B. O’Neal and Frederick D. Nichols, “An Architectural History of the First University Pavilion,” MACH 15 (1955-56): 36-43; William B. O’Neal, “The Workmen at the University of Virginia, 1817-1826,” ibid., 17 (1958-59): 5-48; William B. O’Neal, Jefferson’s Buildings at the University of Virginia: The Rotunda (Charlottesville, Va., 1960); Richard Charles Cote, “The Architectural Workmen of Thomas Jefferson in Virginia” (Ph.D. diss., Boston University, 1986); K. Edward Lay, “Charlottesville’s Architectural Legacy,” MACH 46 ( May 1988): 31-53; K. Edward Lay, “Dinsmore and Neilson: Jefferson’s Master Builders,” Colonnade: The News Journal of the University of Virginia School of Architecture 6 (Spring 1991): 9-13; K. Edward Lay, “Jefferson’s Master Builders,” U.Va. Alumni News 80 (Oct. 1991): 16-19; Frank E. Grizzard Jr., “Documentary History of the Construction of the University of Virginia, 1817-1828” (electronic diss., U.Va., 1996). Bear Jr., James A., ed. Jefferson at Monticello (University of Virginia Press, 1967). Betts, Edwin Morris. Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766-1824 (American Philosophical Society, 1944). Bosworth, F. H. and Roy Childs Jones. A Study of Architectural Schools (Scribners, 1932) Brandon, Edgar Ewing. Lafayette, Guest of the Nation (Oxford Hist Press, 1950-1955). Bruce, P.A. History of the University of Virginia

(New York, 1920). Chambers Jr., S. Allen. Poplar Forest and Thomas Jefferson (Corporation for Jefferson’s Poplar Forest, 1993). Cote, Richard Charles. “The Architectural Workmen of Thomas Jefferson in Virginia” (Ph.D. diss., Boston University, 1986). Dabney, Virginius. Mr. Jefferson’s University: A History (University Press of Virginia, 1981). de l’Orme, Philibert. Nouvelles Inventions pour Bien Bastir et à Petits Frais (1561). Donleavy, Kevin and Alan Brown. Related some Jefferson builders’ information. Egbert, Donald Drew. The Beaux-Arts Tradition in French Architecture (Princeton, 1980). Ford, Paul Leicester, ed. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (microform, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892-99). Garrett, Franklin M. Atlanta and Its Environs (vol. II, Lewis Historical Society, 1954). Grizzard Jr., Frank E. “Documentary History of the Construction of the University of Virginia, 18171828” (electronic diss., University of Virginia, 1996) Hogan, Pendleton. The Lawn: A Guide to Jefferson’s University (University Press of Virginia, 1987). Landau, Sarah B. “Richard Morris Hunt, Architectural Innovator and Father of a ‘Distinctive’ American School.” The Architecture of Richard Morris Hunt by Susan R. Stein (University of Chicago Press, 1986), 47. Lay, K. Edward. “Charlottesville’s Architectural Legacy.” The Magazine of Albemarle County History,

vol. 46 (1988), 28-95. Lay, K. Edward. “Dinsmore and Neilson: Jefferson’s Master Builders.” Colonnade, the Newsjournal of the University of Virginia School of Architecture, vol. 6, no. 1 (Spring 1991), 9-13. Lay, K. Edward. “Jefferson’s Master Builders: They gave Shape to the University and the Community around It.” University of Virginia Alumni News, vol. 80, no. 1 (Oct. 1991), 16-19. Lay, K. Edward. “The American Renaissance at U.Va.: A Walking Tour of Buildings Jefferson did not Design.” University of Virginia Alumni News, vol. 82, no. 7 (Nov.-Dec. 1993), 16-21. Lay, K. Edward. “Thomas Jefferson and His Master Builders: excerpted from The Architecture of Jefferson Country.” Albemarle 76 (Jun.-Jul. 2000), 30-33. Lay, K. Edward. The Architecture of Jefferson Country: Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia (University Press of Virginia, 2000; book reprinted 2002; CD-Rom 2001). Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and His Time: the Sage of Monticello (Little, Brown, 1981). Mayo, Bernard, ed. Jefferson Himself: The Personal Narrative of a Many-Sided American (1942; rept. University Press of Virginia, 1970). Moore, John Hammond. Albemarle: Jefferson’s County, 1727-1976 (University Press of Virginia, 1976). Nichols, Frederick Doveton and Ralph E. Griswold. Thomas Jefferson, Landscape Architect (University Press of Virginia, 1978). O’Neal, William B. Jefferson’s Buildings at the University of Virginia: The Rotunda (University Press of Virginia, 1960). O’Neal, William B. Pictorial History of the University of Virginia (University Press of Virginia, 1968). Parton, James. Life of Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States (1874; rept. Da Capo Press, 1971). Peterson, Merrill D. Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography (1970; rept. Oxford University

Press, 1975). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy (Washington, D.C., 1962). Rawlings, Mary, ed. Early Charlottesville: Recollections of James Alexander 1828-1874 (Michie Company, 1942). Simpson, Robert E. “The Cornerstone Laying of Central College, October 6th, 1817.” Virginia Masonic Herald, Feb. 1977. Ward, Robert D., comp. An account of General La Fayette’s visit to Virginia, in the years 1824-’25 (Richmond, Va.: West, Johnston & Co., 1881). Wilson, Richard Guy and Sara A. Butler. The Campus Guide: University of Virginia (Princeton Architectural Press, 1999). Wilson, Richard Guy, ed. Thomas Jefferson’s Academical Village: The Creation of an Architectural Masterpiece (University Press of Virginia, 1993). Woods, Edgar. Albemarle County in Virginia (1900; rept. Carrier and Company, 1972). Woodward, C. Vann. Origins of the New South 18771913 (Louisiana State University Press, 1951).

Source Bibliography—Sidney Fiske Kimball 1888-1955 (Tenure 1919-1923) Adams, William Howard. Jefferson’s Monticello (Abbeville Press, 1983). Anderson, Garth. Resource Center Manager, Facilities Management Department, University of Virginia. Brigg, Benjamin. Louis Voorhees vita, North Carolina State University Library. Egbert, Donald Drew. The Beaux-Arts Tradition in French Architecture (Princeton, 1980). Kimball Correspondence with Alderman, Page, Martin, and Lambeth (1915-1922). University of Virginia Special Collections. Lahendro, Joseph Dye. “Fiske Kimball: American Renaissance Historian,” Thesis, Master of Architectural History, School of Architecture,

University of Virginia, May 1982. Lay, K. Edward. Conservations and correspondence with: •Mrs. S. J. Makielski, Sr., Charlottesville, 1987. •Mrs. Marshall S. Wells, Charlottesville, 1982-88. Malone, Dumas. Edwin A. Alderman, a Biography (Doubleday, Doran, 1940). Mauer, David. “Curve Appeal,” Daily Progress newspaper (9 January 2011). McLaughlin, Jack. Jefferson and Monticello: The Biography of a Builder (Henry Holt & Company, 1988). Rhoads, William Bertholet. The Colonial Revival, 2 vols. (Garland, 1977) A comprehensive treatise on the late 19th and early 20th century architecture sources from publications and expositions. Robertson, Jack. “Fiske Kimball: Master of the Diverse Arts” (1995) http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/ finearts/exhibits/fiske/. Stein, Susan R., ed. The Architecture of Richard Morris Hunt (University of Chicago Press, 1986). University of Virginia Special Collections. “The Papers of Fiske Kimball:” •University of Virginia Special Collections. Subseries III, RG, 2/1/2.472, Box 2, Date 1915-1919, Art & Music: Kimball to Alderman, May 2, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. Subseries III, RG, 2/1/2.472, Box 2, Date 1915-1919, Art & Music: Kimball to Alderman, May 15, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. Subseries III, RG 2/1/2.472 Box 17, Date 1915-1919, Art &

Music: M. Meyer to Alderman, May 18, 1915. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 4, Date 1919-1939, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture correspondence: Kimball to Martin, July 3, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 4, Date 1919-1939, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture correspondence: Kimball to Martin, July 21, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 4, Date 1919-1939, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture correspondence: Martin to Kimball, July 18, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Dean Page to Prof. Kimball, June 30, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Kimball to Lambeth, July 12, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Kimball to Page, May 20, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Kimball to Page, July 8, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Kimball to Page, August 1, 1919. •University of Virginia Special Collections.3505, Box 43, Date 1919-1922, University of Virginia General File: Dean Page to Prof. Kimball, June 30, 1919.

Source Bibliography—Joseph Fairman Hudnut 1886-1968 (Tenure 1923-1926) Hudnut photo from Mary F. Daniels, Special Collections Library of Harvard University, courtesy of the Frances Loeb Library, Harvard Graduate School of Design. Isaacs, Reginald R. “Hudnut, Joseph Fairman.” MacMillan Encyclopedia of Architects (Publisher, Year). Klosko, Margaret Gutman. Carr’s Hill: The President’s House at the University of Virginia 19092009 (University of Virginia, 2009). Kraybill, Debra J. “Marshall Swain Wells: Architect, Charlottesville, Virginia.” AIV Series 65 under K. Edward Lay, University of Virginia Special Collections, 1987. Pearlman, Jill. “Joseph Hudnut’s Other Modernism at the Harvard Bauhaus.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (December 1997), 452-477. University of Virginia Special Collections. Minutes of the Rector and Board of Visitors, 1919-1928. University of Virginia Special Collections. RG, 2/1/1.381, Date 1924-1927, Annual Reports to the President from the School of Art and Architecture. University of Virginia Special Collections. 3505, Box 2, Date 1924-1925, Alterations to Fayerweather: “The new Fayerweather Hall.”

Source Bibliography—Alfred Lawrence Kocher 1885-1969 (Tenure 1926-1928) “Kocher, A. Lawrence” in Who Was Who. Kocher photo from LaVie (1923), courtesy of Paul Dzyak of Penn State University. Lay, K. Edward. Conservations and correspondence with •Nick Pappas, Colonial Williamsburg, 1987. •Mrs. Marshall S. Wells, Charlottesville, 1982-1988. •Professor Art Anderson, Penn State University, 2011. University of Virginia Art Museum, Internet blog.

University of Virginia Special Collections. RG, 2/2/2.381, Date 1926-1927, Annual Reports to the President: “Report of Dean Page.” University of Virginia Special Collections. RG 2/1/1.381, Date 1926-1027, Annual Reports to the President: “Instruction in Art & Architecture, 25 Jan 1927.” Wells, Marshall S. National Register of Historic Places Nomination, 2010. Yetter, George. “Alfred Lawrence Kocher 18851969.” Unpublished biography in the Department of Archives and Records, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

Source Bibliography—Edmund Schureman Campbell 1884-1950 (Tenure 1928-1950) Canaday, John Edwin. New York Times, 21 July 1985; New Yorker, 4 January 1964. Chambers Jr., S. Allen. Lynchburg: An Architectural History (University Press of Virginia, 1981). Charles N. Hulvey Conference Room at McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia, http://mcintiregift.org/?pageID=3&storyNum=11 Gilpin Jr., W. Douglas. “From Martinis to Monticello: Our Last Gentleman Architect (Milton LaTour Grigg),” MACH, vol. 67, 2009. Lasala, Joseph Michael. “The Curriculum of a Classicist (Milton LaTour Grigg),” AIV Series 102 under K. Edward Lay, University of Virginia Special Collections, 1990, and in MACH, vol. 67, 2009. Lay, K. Edward. conservations and correspondence with: •Mrs. Arthur C. Barlow, Charlottesville, 1982. •Thomas W.S. Craven, Charlottesville, 1982-1987. •Mr. and Mrs. Milton L. Grigg, Charlottesville, 1980-1987. •Mrs. William Newton Hale, Charlottesville, 1980-1987. •Henderson Heyward, Charlottesville, 1982-1988. •Floyd E. Johnson, Charlottesville, 1982-1987.

•Evalina and Allaville Magruder Charlottesville, 1982-1988. •Mr. and Mrs. Louis L. Scribner, Charlottesville, 1982-1988. •Mrs. Clarence W. Wenger, Charlottesville, 1982. Lay, K. Edward. “Memorial Lecture on William Newton Hale Jr., for the Hale Exhibit in Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library,” School of Architecture, University of Virginia, 2001. “The Papers of Edmund Schureman Campbell, 18841950.” University of Virginia Special Collections. “The Papers of Milton Grigg.” University of Virginia Special Collections. “The Papers of Floyd Johnson.” University of Virginia Special Collections. “The Papers of Clarence W. Wenger.” University of Virginia Special Collections. “University of Virginia Arts Milestones.” Campaign for the Arts Online, 2011, http://campaign.virginia.edu/site/c.ghKJIUPGIuE/b.3961127/k.27A7/Milestones.htm. Who’s Who in America, 1984-85. Wilson, Courtney. “Our Nancy: The Story of Nancy Astor and Her Gift to the University of Virginia,” http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma04/ranger/astor_collection/ournancy.html.

Source Bibliography—Frederick Charles Disque (Tenure 1950-1953) Interim Director Board of Visitors Minutes, University of Virginia,

Special Collections. Disque photo from LaVie (1923), courtesy of Paul Dzyak of Penn State University. Historic Landmarks Commission, State College (PA) Borough, Walking Tours. Lay, K. Edward. Conversations and correspondence with Professor Art Anderson, Penn State Uiversity, 2011.

Source Bibliography—Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick 1910-1994 (Tenure 1953-1966) NCARB on line, https://app.ncarb.org/newsclips/ july08_10.html. Starke, Barry. “M. Meade Palmer, FASLA, 19162001” Land Online. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture: 1966-2005 (University of Virginia School of Architecture, 2005).

Source Bibliography—Joseph Norwood Bosserman 1925-1997 (Tenure 1967-1980) Birnbaum, Charles A. Shaping the American Landscape (University of Virginia Press, 2009): “Ben Howland” by Elizabeth K. Meyer. Dennis, Michael. Court and Garden (MIT, 1986). Esau, Carolyn and Ann Southwell. Landscape architecture program research in the University president’s papers, RG-2/1/2.773 (1974-1975) Box 3. Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture: A Critical

History (Oxford, 1980). Haneman, John Theodore. Pictorial Encyclopedia of Historic Architectural Plans, Details and Elements (1923, reprint Dover, 1984). Krier, Rob. Architectural Composition (Rizzoli, 1988). Lay, K. Edward. “Contemporary Design Philosophy in American Architecture” (Kansas State University master’s thesis, 1966). Rowe, Colin. The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa (MIT, 1976). Stern, Robert A.M. New Directions in American Architecture (Braziller, 1969). Venturi, Robert. Complexity and Contradiction in American Architecture (Doubleday, 1966). Ware William R. The American Vignola (1905, reprint Norton, 1977). Young, Dwight. “The Back Page” in Preservation: the Magazine of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, January/February 2011.

Source Bibliography—Harry W. Porter Jr. 1936-2011 (Tenure 1988-1993)

Source Bibliography—Jaquelin Taylor Robertson 1933- (Tenure 1980-1988)

Correspondence with Bill McDonough 2011. McDonough, William A. The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability—guidelines for the City of Hannover’s EXPO 2000 (1991).

Alexander, Christopher. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (Oxford, 1977). Correspondence with Jaquelin Robertson 2011. Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Randon House, 1961). Krier, Leon. Architecture: Choice or Fate (Andreas Papadakis, 1998). Krier, Leon. Drawing for Architecture (MIT, 2009). Krier, Leon. The Architecture of Community (Island Press, 2009). Mumford, Lewis. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961). Robertson, Jaque. “The ‘Great Continuum’ of Architecture” and “Commodity, Firmness and Delight” in The Richard H. Driehaus Prize (Notre Dame, 2007) pp. 44-49, 62-68.

Correspondence with Harry Porter 2010. Favretti, Rudy J. and Joy Putnam Favretti. Landscapes and Gardens for Historic Buildings (AASLH 1978). Jackson, John Brinckerhoff. Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (Yale, 1984). Meinig, D.W. The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays (Oxford, 1979). Nichols, Frederick Doveton and Ralph E. Griswold. Thomas Jefferson Landscape Architect (University Press of Virginia, 1978). Rainey, Reuben. “Memories of Harry Porter.” Stilgoe, John R. Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (Yale, 1982).

Source Bibliography—William A. McDonough 1951- (Tenure 1994-1999)

Source Bibliography Karen Van Lengen 1951- (Tenure 1999-2009) Byrd, Warren. “The Landscape.” Clark, WG “East Addition.” Correspondence with Karen Van Lengen 2011. Lay, K. Edward. Historic Virginia Buildings (DVD, 2009). Sherman, William. “South Addition.” Van Lengen, Karen. Urgent Matters: Designing the School of Architecture at Jefferson’s University (University of Virginia School of Architecture, 2009).

Source Bibliography—Kim Tanzer 1955(Tenure 2009-) Correspondence with Kim Tanzer 2011.

GENERAL SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Lay, K. Edward, Boyd Coons, et al. “The History of Architectural Education at the University of Virginia.” Colonnade, the Newsjournal of the University of Virginia School of Architecture, (Summer 1988), (Winter 1989), and vol. 4, no. 2 (Summer-Autumn 1989), 27-37. Unpublished manuscript of the History of School of Architecture, Kimball to Kocher, unidentified University of Virginia graduate architectural history student, late 1980s. Faculty and Student Files in the U.Va. Architecture School Firm and Personal Internet Web Sites Linkedin, Facebook, and Twitter biographies Other Internet sources, including Wikipedia Newspaper Obituaries Eulogies Annual Reports from the President of U.Va. U.Va. Board of Visitors Minutes University of Virginia Records AIA Architects Directory, 1956, 1962, 1970 on line HoosOnLine University of Virginia Alumni News Corks and Curls Cavalier Daily The Archi of Alpha Rho Chi fraternity The Archi Golden Jubilee 1914-1964, Vol. 12,

Number 1 The Declaration Daily Progress C-ville Weekly The Hook Modulus Colonnade Lunch Weave: News from the U.Va. School of Architecture Virginia Magazine “Officially Designated Trees at the University of Virginia,” on line “Preserving Jefferson’s Garden University,” Mary V. Hughes Urgent Matters, Karen Van Lengen (2009) U.Va. School of Architecture | TJ Professorship U.Va. School of Architecture | TJ Medal in Architecture American Institute of Architects Directory, 1956, 1960, 1970 American Academy in Rome Fellows Journal of Architectural Education Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture News VSAIA—Honors & Awards ACSA Awards Inform Awards Virginia Magazine Who’s Who in America

Who Was Who in America “Holsinger Photos,” University of Virginia Digital Library “Photo Collections,” University of Virginia Special Collections Hill’s Charlottesville City Directories, sporadically from 1922 at ACHS Library Charlottesville Telephone Books, sporadically from 1924 at ACHS Library “Facilities Management Resources,” Anderson, Garth. Resource,Center Manager, Facilities Management Department, University of Virginia The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture: 1966-2005 (University of Virginia School of Architecture, 2005) “The Papers of K. Edward Lay,” University of Virginia Special Collections The Chicago Manual of Style

F I R S T D E G R E E G R A D UAT E S I N T H E U .VA . S C H O O L O F A R C H I T E C T U R E Compiled by K. Edward Lay 2011

1922 BS in Architecture (4 year)

1967 MA in Architectural History Carl A. Saladino

Joseph Julian DeBritta Washington Irving Dixon Stanislaw John Makielski

1990 Ph.D. in History of Art and Architecture

1953 BS in Architecture (5 year)

1960 B of City Planning

Frank A. Devore Jr. George A. Fenton Jr. Fred Dewitt Fishback Robert Horace Garbee Judson Morgan Gardner Sr. Robert F. Grove Robert W. Harvey Jerrold R. Humphrey Matthias (Matt) Ellsworth Kayhoe III Ferruccio Louis Legnaioli Albert K. Mock Jr. Eugene Henry Zarling

1957 B of Architecture (5 year) Donald C. Bazemore

1972 M of Architecture James H. Boniface

1961 BA in Architectural History W. Brown Morton

Daina Julia Penkiunas

Stanislaw John Makielski Jr. Julius Roy Saunders Jr.

1968 M of Urban and Environmental Planning Paul Donham Jr. William G. Kuthy Sally Kimball Makielski Robert H. Monn Thomas G. Mosher Garold N. Nyberg Julia L. Weston Charles E. Wyatt Jr.

1972 BS in Landscape Architecture Douglas P. Lloyd

1969 M of Landscape Architecture Michael Mateer Jarvis

1976 First MUEP graduates in the Northern M in City Planning 1968 Sally Kimball Makielski Virginia Program Robert LeRoy Lee Martin Benjamin Mait James Boyd Way

Julia L. Weston M in Landscape Architecture 1973 Sara Eve Agnes Altman

Earliest black students admitted to and grad- BS in Architecture 1974 Joan L. Kennedy uated from the School (First) Edward Wayne Barnett 1950-2009 (U.Va. BS Arch 1972, Harvard M Arch) (Second) Lawrence E. Williams Sr. 1955- (U.Va. BS Arch 1974, Harvard M Arch)

First Architecture Division Preservation Certificate

Rob Brennan (M Arch 1981) M ArH graduates might have received this certificate earlier.

Earliest Women Graduates

(First) Evelina Magruder 1898-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) Completed after first graduating from the Parsons School in Interior Design, working in NYC, and literally traveling completely around the world via sea and land for fourteen months. (Second) Lucie Guerrant Gillespie Greever 1919-2009 (U.Va. BS Arch 1944) Completed after first graduating from Hollins College. (Later) Dr. Linda Carol Harris Michael 1936- (U.Va. BS Arch 1959, CUA PhD 1969) FAIA First Women Graduates after becoming coed in 1970:

M of Architecture 1974 Margaret Shook Cooper Nancy Elliott McBrearty Ruth S. Shelden-Stugill Theresa B. Stanley

M in Architectural History 1970 Anne Carter Lee

Began as a first-year architecture student, not as a transfer student

B in Architectural History 1973 Kathy Auth

B in City Planning 1985 Ursula Ann Collier Strider

BS in Landscape Architecture 1973 Susan S. Nelson

B O O K S B Y U .VA . A - S C H O O L A L U M N I (Other than articles, essays, chapters, reports)

Brian Michael Ambroziak 1970(U.Va. BS Arch 1992, Princeton M Arch 1998) Infinite Perspectives: Two Thousand Years of ThreeDimensional Mapmaking (Princeton, 1999) Michael Graves: Images of a Grand Tour (Princeton, 2005) William L. Beiswanger (U.Va. BS Arch 1969, U.Va. M ArH 1977) Monticello in Measured Drawings (UNC Press, 2002) Victoria Lafon Ballard Bell (U.Va. MP 1995, U.Va. M Arch 1998) Materials for Design with Patrick Rand (Princeton, 2006) Irene Boland (U.Va. BP 2002) Wind the World Over with Vanessa Kellogg (2007) Eryn S. Brennan (U.Va. M ArH 2006, U.Va. MP 2007) Images of America: Charlottesville with Margaret Maliszewski (U.Va. M ArH 1988) (Arcadia, 2011) Samuel Allen Chambers Jr. (U.Va. MA ArH 1966)

The Architecture of Carson City, Nevada (HABS, 1973) Lynchburg: An Architectural History (University Press of Virginia, 1981) What Style Is It?: A Guide to American Architecture with John C. Poppeliers Jr. and Nancy B. Schwartz (Preservation Press, 1983) Poplar Forest and Thomas Jefferson (Corporation for Jefferson’s Poplar Forest, 1993) National Landmarks, America’s Treasures: The National Park Foundation’s Complete Guide to National Historic Landmarks (Wiley & Sons, 2000) Buildings of West Virginia (Oxford University Press, 2004) Roberto V. Costantino (Loyola BA 1980, U.Va. MP 1996) Israel Thompson’s Plantation, Loudoun County, Virginia (1994) Miscellaneous Road Cases, Loudoun County, Virginia (2006) Sarah Shields Diggs (U.Va. MA ArH 1988) Richmond’s Monument Avenue with Richard Guy Wilson, Robert P. Winthrop, John O. Peters (University of North Carolina Press, 2000) G. Lawson Drinkard, III (U.Va. BS Arch 1973) Old Wood New Home (Gibbs Smith, 1993)

Retreats: Handmade Hideaways to Refresh the Spirit (1997) Hiding in a Fort: Backyard Retreats for Kids with Fran Lee (1999) Riding on a Range: Cowboy Activities for Kids with Fran Lee (2003) Roy Tripp Evans 1968(U.Va. B ArH 1990, Yale M ArH) Romancing the Maya: Mexican Antiquity in the American Imagination, 1820-1915 (Texas, 2004) Grant Wood: A Life (Knopf, 2010) John Middleton Freeman 1919-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Tales of Jean de Centreville: A Book of Fantasy (John M. Freeman, 1985) Anne Carter Lee Gravely (U.Va. M ArH 1970) Virginia: Valley, South and West, part of the series Buildings of the United States (Oxford, upcoming) Bryan Clark Green (M ArH 1991, U.Va. Gr A&S 2004) Lost Virginia: Vanished Architecture of the Old Dominion with Calder Loth, William M.S. Rasmussen (Howell Press, 2001) In Jefferson’s Shadow: The Architecture of Thomas R. Blackburn (Princeton Architectural Press, 2006) Dale Allen Gyure, Esq. (Ball State BS, Indiana JD, U.Va. M ArH 1997, U.Va. A&S PhD 2001) The Chicago Schoolhouse, 1856-2006: High School Architecture and Educational Reform (University of Chicago Press, 2001) Dr. Marlene E. Heck (Texas BA History, U.Va. M ArH 1977, Penn MA 1988, Penn PhD 1988) Campus Guide: Vassar College with Karen Van Lengen and Lisa A. Reilly (Princeton Architectural Press, 2003)

William J. Hirsch Jr. (U.Va. M Arch 1975) Your Perfect House: Lessons from an Architect (Dalsimer, 2008) William O. Hubbard Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1970) Complicity and Conviction: Steps Toward an Architecture of Convention (MIT, 1980) Gary L. Hume (U.Va. M ArH 1968) The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Historic Preservation Projects with W. Brown Morton, III, U.Va. B ArH 1961 (Department of the Interior, 1979) Susan Annesley Kern (U.Va. M ArH 1990, W&M PhD Hist 2005) The Jeffersons at Shadwell (Yale, 2010) James Kwalwasser (U.Va. M Arch 1985) Sex, Lies, and Handwriting (Simon & Schuster, 2006) Joseph Michael Lasala (U.Va. BS Arch 1988, U.Va. M ArH 1992) Thomas Jefferson’s Academical Village: The Making of an Architectural Masterpiece with Richard Guy Wilson, ed., and Patricia Sherwood, Murray Howard (University Press of Virginia, 1993) William Prescott Lecky (U.Va. BS Arch 1960) Designing for Remembrance: An Architectural Memoir (2012) Heath Licklider (U.Va. BS Arch 1940) Architectural Scale (Architectural Press, 1965) Calder Conrad Loth (U.Va.B ArH 1965; U.Va.MA ArH 1967)

The Only Proper Style: Gothic Architecture in America with Julius Trousdale Sadler, Jr. (New York Graphic Society, 1975) The Making of Virginia Architecture with Charles E. Brownell, William M.S. Rasmussen, Richard Guy Wilson (University Press of Virginia, 1992) Virginia Landmarks of Black History (University Press of Virginia, 1995) The Virginia Landmarks Register (University Press of Virginia, 1999)

Debra Lynn Alderson McClane (U.Va. BA Engl 1987, U.Va. M ArH 1992) Botetourt County (Arcadia, 2007) Ann Louise Brush Miller (U.Va. B ArH 1979, U.Va. M ArH 1989) Antebellum Orange (Orange County Historical Society, 1988) Plus many publications for the Virginia Transportation Research Council on road orders and bridges. Christopher D. Morran (U.Va. BS Arch 1997) Hardly Working: The Overachieving Underperformers Guide to Doing as Little as Possible in the Office (2004)

Jeffrey K. Luney (U.Va. BS Arch 1977) Expert Witnesses: Construction Cases with Philip R. Croessmann, Richard S. Flood, Michael M. Pavlovich, Peter L. Warren (2009) W. Brown Morton (U.Va. BA ArH 1961) Margaret Maliszewski-Fritz 1963The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Historic (U.Va. M ArH 1988) Preservation Project: With Guidelines for Applying the Architecture and Ornament: An Illustrated Dictionary Standards with Gary L. Hume (Department of the (McFarland, 1998) Interior, 1979) Images of America: Charlottesville with Eryn Brennan, U.Va. M ArH 2006, U.Va. MP 2007 Rogelio Navarro, Sr. -1942 (Arcadia, 2011) (attended U.Va. 1920s) Rogelio Navarro, A True Precursor of the New Jennifer Masengarb Architecture in Panama by Samuel A Gutiérrez (U.Va. M ArH 2000) (Panama, 1968) Schoolyards to Skylines: Teaching with Chicago’s Amazing Architecture (2005) Levin Floyd Nock III The Architecture Handbook: A Student Guide to (U.Va. College 1955, U.Va. MA ArH 1975) Understanding Buildings (2009) Drummondtown: “A One Horse Town” Accomac Court

House, Virginia (McClure Press, 1976) Sumpter T. Priddy III (U.Va. BA ArH 1975) American Fancy: Exuberance in the Arts, 1790-1840 (Chipstone Foundation, 2004) James Scott Rawlings (U.Va. BS Arch 1947, Princeton MFA 1949) Virginia’s Colonial Churches, An Architectural Guide (Garrett & Massie, 1963) Virginia’s Ante-bellum Churches: An Introduction with Particular Attention to their Furnishings with Vernon Perdue Davis (Dietz, 1978) The Colonial Churches of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina: Their Interiors and Worship with Vernon Perdue Davis (Dietz, 1985) Orlando Ridout, V (U.Va. B ArH 1977) Building the Octagon (AIA Press, 1989) Julius Trousdale Sadler Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1945) Mr. Jefferson, Architect with Desmond Guiness (Viking Press, 1973) Palladio: A Western Progress with Desmond Guiness The Only Proper Style: Gothic Architecture in America with Calder Loth (New York Graphic Society, 1975) Peter B. Sandbeck (U.Va. B ArH 1975) Historic Architecture of New Bern and Craven County, North Carolina (Tyron Palace Comm, 1988) Eugene M. Scheel (Clark AB Geography, U.Va. MP 1980, Georgetown M Amer Lit) Culpeper: A Virginia County’s History through 1920 (Green Pub, 1982) The History of Middleburg and Vicinity (Piedmont Press, 1987)

Steven W. Semes (U.Va. BS Arch 1975, Columbia M Arch 1980) The Architecture of the Classical Interior (Norton, 2004) The Future of the Past: A Conservation Ethic for Architecture, Urbanism, and Historic Preservation (Norton, 2009) Dr. Anatole Senkevitch, Jr. (U.Va. M ArH 1970, PhD) Soviet Architecture, 1917-1962: A Bibliographical Guide to Source Material (University Press of Virginia, 1974) Patricia Crowder Sherwood (U.Va. B ArH 1991) Thomas Jefferson’s Academical Village: The Making of an Architectural Masterpiece with Richard Guy Wilson, ed., and Joseph Lasala, Murray Howard (University Press of Virginia, 1993) John S. Taylor Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1971) Commonsense Architecture: A Cross-Cultural Survey of Practical Design Principles (W.W. Norton, 1983) George Lindenberger Van Bibber (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) History of Bel Air (Maryland) Stephen R. Wassell (U.Va. BS Arch 1984, U.Va. College Grad 1987, U.Va. Engr 1999) Andrea Palladio: Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese with Branko Mitrovic (Acanthus, 2006) The Mathematical Works of Leon Battista Alberti with Kim Williams and Lionel March (2011) Christopher H. Weeks (U.Va. College 1972; U.Va. MA ArH 1976) The Building of Westminster in Maryland: A Socioarchitectural Account of Westminster’s First 250 Years

(Fishergate Publishing Company, 1978) Between the Nanticoke and the Choptan: An Architectural History of Dorchester County, Maryland (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984) Where Land and Water Intertwine: An Architectural History of Talbot County, Maryland (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984) The Work of William Lawrence Bottomley in Richmond with William Bainter O’Neal (University Press of Virginia, 1985) AIA Guide to the Architecture of Washington, D.C. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994) An Architectural History of Harford County, Maryland (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996) Palladio and America: Selected Papers Presented to the Centro Internazionale di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio (St. Martin’s Press, 1997) Perfectly Delightful: The Life and Gardens of Harvey Ladew (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999) Amanda Gordon Welch (U.Va. B ArH 1993) The Kids are All Right with Diana Welch and Liz Welch (Harmony Books, 2009) John E. Wells (U.Va. BA ArH 1977) The South Carolina Architects, 1885-1935: A Biographical Directory with Robert E. Dalton (New South Architectural Press, 1992) The Virginia Architects, 1835-1955: A Biographical

Dictionary with Robert E. Dalton (New South Architectural Press, 1997) Christopher Wigren (U.Va. College 1979, U.Va. M ArH 1989) Buildings of Connecticut, ed. Robert P. Winthrop (U.Va. BS Arch 1970) Cast and Wrought: The Architectural Metalwork of Richmond, Virginia (Valentine Museum, 1980) Architecture in Downtown Richmond (Historic Richmond Foundation, 1982) Richmond’s Monument Avenue with Sara Shields Diggs, Richard Guy Wilson, John O. Peters (University of North Carolina Press, 2000) James E. Wootten (U.Va. B ArH 1980) Christ Church: A History, 1820-2000 (2000) Amy Melissa Waters Yarsinske (U.Va. MP 1988) Norfolk, Virginia: The Sunrise City by the Sea (Donning, 1994) Winter Comes to Norfolk (Arcadia, 1997) Wings Over the Bay: Where U.S. Naval Aviation Began Virginia Beach: Jewel Resort of the Atlantic (Arcadia, 1998) Ocean View (Arcadia, 1998)

Summer on the Southside (Arcadia, 1998) Norfolk’s Church Street: Between Memory and Reality (Arcadia, 1999) Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade (Arcadia, 1999) The Martin Years: Norfolk Will Always Remember Roy (Hallmark, 2001) Virginia Beach: A History of Virginia’s Golden Shore (Arcadia, 2002) Ghent: John Graham’s Dream, Norfolk, Virginia’s Treasure (History Press, 2006) The Elizabeth River (History Press, 2007) The Navy Capital of the World: Hampton Roads (History Press, 2010) George Humphrey Yetter (U.Va. MA ArH 1980) Williamsburg Before and After The Rebirth of Virginia’s Colonial Capital (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988) John (Jack) G. Zehmer Jr. (U.Va. 1964; U.Va. M ArH 1970) The Church Hill Old & Historic Districts (Historic Richmond Foundation, 2012) Maureen (Mo) Rebecca Zell (U.Va. BS Arch 1994, Yale M Arch 1998) The Architectural Drawing Course (Barrons, 2008)

M A J O R B O O K S B Y U .VA . S C H O O L O F A R C H I T E C T U R E FA C U LT Y (other than articles, essays, chapters, and reports, and other than lecturers and visiting faculty) Compiled by K. Edward Lay©2011 Over 70 faculty authoring about 200 books

HEADS Sidney Fiske Kimball Thomas Jefferson, Architect (Riverside Press, 1916) A History of Architecture with George Harold Edgell (Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1918) Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922) American Architecture (Bobbs-Merrill Co, 1928) The Creation of the Rococo (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1943) Great Paintings in America: One Hundred and One Masterpieces in Color, Selected and Interpreted with Lionello Venturi (Coward-McCann, 1948) Ann Marie Goebel Kimball (not a faculty member) Thomas Jefferson’s Cook Book (Garrett & Massie, 1938) The Martha Washington Cook Book (Coward-McCann, 1940) Jefferson: The Road to Glory, 1743-1776 (Coward-McCann, 1943) Jefferson: War and Peace, 1776-1784 (Coward-McCann, 1947)

Jefferson: the Scene of Europe, 1784 to 1789 (Coward-McCann, 1950) Joseph Fairman Hudnut Modern Sculpture (1929) Architecture and the Spirit of Man (Harvard University Press, 1949) Alfred Lawrence Kocher Architecture of Lancaster Co. Pa. (1919) Fireplaces in England (1926) Colonial Williamsburg, Its Buildings and Gardens with Howard Dearstyne (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1949) Shadows in Silver: A Record of Virginia, 1850-1900 with Howard Dearstyne (Scribner, 1954)

DEANS William A. McDonough Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things with Michael Braungart (North Point Press, 2002) Karen Van Lengen Campus Guide: Vassar College with Lisa A. Reilly and Marlene E. Heck (Princeton Architectural Press, 2003) City Scapes (Parsons School of Design, 2000) The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Metal in Architecture 1966-2005 with Jayne Riew and Lydia Mattice Brandt (University of Virginia Press, 2007)

Kim Tanzer The Green Braid: Towards an Architecture of Ecology, Economy, and Social Equity co-edited with Rafael Longoria (Rouledge, 2007)

FACULTY Dean Abernathy Rome Reborn with a Virtual Reality Program with Bernard Frischer and Diane Favro (IATH, 2007) Craig Barton Sites of Memory: Perspectives on Architecture and Race (Princeton Architectural Press, 2001) Charles Nield Bayless, Instructor Charles N. Bayless Photos of Charleston and Georgetown County, S.C. Charleston Ironwork: A Photographic Study (Sandpaper, 1987) Timothy Beatley Ethical Land Use (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994) Habitat Conservation Planning: Endangered Species and Urban Growth (University of Texas Press, 1994) The Ecology of Place with Kristy Manning (Island Press, 1997) After the Hurricane: Linking Recovery to Sustainable Development in the Caribbean with Philip Berke (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997) Natural Hazard Mitigation with David Godschalk and others (Island Press, 1999) Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities (Island Press, 1999) An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management with David Brower and Anna Schwab (Island Press, 2002) Native to Nowhere: Sustaining Home and Community in a Global Age (Island Press, 2004) The Sustainable Urban Development Reader with

Stephen M. Wheeler, ed. (Routledge: Urban Reader Series, 2004) Biophilic Cities (2010) Michael J. Bednar Barrier-Free Environments (Hutchinson & Ross, 1977) The New Atrium (McGraw-Hill, 1986) Interior Pedestrian Places (Whitney Library of Design, 1989) L’Enfant’s Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006) Thomas Guernsey Bender Environmental Design Primer (Fire River Press, 1973) Silence, Song & Shadows (Fire River Press, 2000) Building with the Breath of Life (Fire River Press, 2000) Learning to Count What Really Counts: The Economics of Wholeness (Fire River Press, 2002) The Cave Temples of India (DVD, 2004) The Physics of Qi Energy (DVD, 2007) Daniel Bluestone Constructing Chicago (Yale University Press, 1991) Buildings, Landscape, and Memory: Case Studies in Historic Preservation (W. W. Norton, 2011) Warren C. Boeschenstein Historic American Towns along the Atlantic Coast (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999) Cammy Brothers Michelangelo, Drawing, and the Invention of Architecture (Yale University Press, 2008) Charles E. Brownell Latrobe’s View of America, 1795-1820: Selections from the Watercolors and Sketches with other editors Edward C. Carter II and John C. Van Horne (Yale University Press, 1985)

The Making of Virginia Architecture with Calder Loth, William M.S. Rasmussen, Richard Guy Wilson (University Press of Virginia, 1992) The Architectural Drawings of Benjamin Henry Latrobe with Jeffrey A. Cohen, 2 vols. (Yale University Press, 1994)

What is Art? An Introduction to Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture (Random House, 1980) Ben Shahn, Voices and Visions (Santa Fe East, 1981)

Ethan Carr Wilderness by Design: Landscape Architecture and the National Park Service John Edwin Canaday (University of Nebraska Press, 1998) The Smell of Money (Simon and Schuster, 1943) under Mission 66: Modernism and the National Park Dipen name Matthew Head lemma (Library of American Landscape History and The Congo Venus (Simon and Schuster, 1950) under University of Massachusetts Press, 2007) pen name Matthew Head Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, volumes 1-8 Murder at the Flea Club (Simon and Schuster, 1955) Public Nature: Scenery, History and Park Design under pen name Matthew Head (University of Virginia Press, 2011) Mainstreams of Modern Art: David to Picasso (Holt, 1959) Roger H. Clark Embattled Critic: Views on Modern Art (Farrar, Straus Kinetic Architecture with William Zuk (Van Nosand Cudahy, 1962) trand Reinhold, 1970) Culture Gulch: Notes on Art and Its Public in the Precedents in Architecture with Michael Pause (Van 1960s (Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1969) Nostrand Reinhold, 1996) Keys to Art with Katherine H. Canaday (Tudor Pub- School of Design: The Kamphoefner Years 1948-1973: lishing Company, 1963) Reflections and Recollections (NC State, 2007) The Lives of the Painters (Norton, 1969) Baroque Painters (1972) WG Clark & Charles Menefee Late Gothic to Renaissance Painters (1972) Featured in Richard Jensenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book, Clark and Menefee Neoclassic to Post-Impressionist Painters (1972) (Princeton Architectural Press, 2000) My Best Girls: 8 Drawings (1972) The New York Guide to Dining Out in New York Tanya Lee Denckla Cobb Lecturer (1972) Reclaiming Our Food: How the Grassroots Food MoveThe Artful Avocado (1973) ment is Changing What We Eat (Storey, 2011) Richard Estes: The Urban Landscape (1979) The Gardenerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food

(2004) Robert E. Grese Gardening at a Glance: The Organic Gardenerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hand- Jens Jensen: Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens book on Vegetables, Fruits, Nuts, and Herbs (1991) (Johns Hopkins, 1992) James A. D. Cox Savannah: Tour of Homes and Gardens (Historic Savannah Foundation, 1996) Savannah: Secret & Public Gardens (Historic Savannah Foundation, 2000) Phoebe Crisman Calibrations with Grace La, eds. (Center for Architecture and Urban Planning Research, 2000) The Value of Design with Mark Gillem (ACSA Press/ Taylor & Francis, 2009) Robin Dripps The First House: Myth, Paradigm, and the Task of Architecture (MIT Press, 1997) Paul S. Dulaney The Architecture of Historic Richmond (University Press of Virginia, 1976) Ellen B. Dunham-Jones Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions with June Williamson (Wiley, 2008) Eric M. Field Horyuji Reconsidered with Dorothy C. Wong (ca. 2009) Edward R. Ford The Details of Modern Architecture (MIT, 1990; German edition: Birkhauser, 1994; Japanese Edition: Maruzen, 2000) The Details of Modern Architecture, Volume 2 (MIT, 1996; Japanese Edition: Maruzen, 2000) Five Houses: Ten Details (Princeton Architectural Press, 2009) The Architectural Detail (Princeton Architectural Press, 2011)

Larry Michael Hackenberg The Greenwood House: How to Design, Build, and Own an Inexpensive Beautiful House (University Press of Virginia, 1997) Jorge L. Hernandez Between Two Towers: The Drawings of the School of Miami with Vincent Scully, Catherine Lynn, Teofilo Victoria (Monacelli Press, 1996) Casas/Houses: Jorge L. Hernandez (Kliczkowski Publishers, 2002) Kristina Hill Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning with B. Johnson, ed. (Island Press, 2002) James Murray Howard Thomas Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Academical Village: The Making of an Architectural Masterpiece with Richard Guy Wilson, ed., and Joseph Lasala (University Press of Virginia, 1993). Sanda D. Iliescu The Hand and the Soul: Aesthetics and Ethics in Architecture and Art (University of Virginia Press, 2009) Robert Grant Irving Indian Summer: Lutyens, Baker, and Imperial Delhi (Yale University Press, 1981) K. Edward Lay A Virginia Family and Its Plantation Houses with Elizabeth Langhorne, William D. Rieley (University Press of Virginia, 1987) The Architecture of Jefferson County: Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia (University Press of Virginia, 2000) CD-Rom of The Architecture of Jefferson Country (Digital Media Lab of University of Virginia, 2001)

A History of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia with Recollections and Biographies of Faculty and Students (2011)

Barbara Burlison Mooney Prodigy Houses of Virginia: Architecture and the Native Elite (University of Virginia Press, 2008)

Nana Last Wittgenstein’s House: Language, Space and Architecture (Fordham, 2008)

Suzanne Moomaw Smart Communities: How Citizens and Local Leaders Can Use Strategic Thinking to Build a Brighter Future (Jossey-Bass, 2004)

Shiqiao Li Architecture and Modern Thought (China WaterPower Press, 2009) Power and Virtue: Architecture and Intellectual Change in England 1660–1730 (Routledge, 2007) Carl Timothy Lindstrom, Lecturer A Tax Guide to Conservation Easements (Island Press, 2008) William H. Lucy Confronting Suburban Decline: Strategic Planning for Metropolitan Renewal with David Phillips (Island Press, 2000) Tomorrow’s Cities, Tomorrow’s Suburbs with David Phillips (APA Planners Press, 2006) Foreclosing the Dream: How America’s Housing Crisis Is Changing Our Cities and Suburbs (APA, 2010) John Maciuika Before the Bauhaus: Architecture, Politics, and the German State 1890-1920 (Cambridge University Press, 2005)

William R. Morrish Planning to Stay with Catherine R. Brown (Milkweed Editions, 1994) Civilizing Terrains, Mountains, Mounds and Mesas (William Stout, 2004) Growing Urban Habitats: Seeking a New Housing Development Model with Susanne Schindler, Katie Swenson (William Stout, 2009) Kevin D. Murphy A Noble and Dignified Stream: The Piscataqua Region in the Colonial Revival, 1860-1930, ed., with Sarah L. Giffen (Old York Historical Society, 1992) Memory and Modernity Viollet-le-Duc at Vezela (Penn State, 2000) Colonial Revival Maine (Princeton, 2004) The American Townhouse (Abrams 2005) The Houses of Greenwich Village (Abrams, 2008) Louis Nelson American Sanctuary: Understanding Sacred Spaces, ed. (University of Indiana Press, 2006)

The Beauty of Holines: Anglicanism and Architecture in Colonial South Carolina (2009)

mond with Christopher Weeks (University Press of Virginia, 1985)

Kathryn B. Nesbitt Ayse Pamuk Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthol- Mapping Global Cities: GIS Methods in Urban Analyogy of Architectural Theory, 1965-1995, ed. (Princeton, sis (ESRI Press, 2006) 1996) David Phillips Howard H. Newlon Jr. Confronting Suburban Decline: Strategic Planning for A People Called: University Baptist Church and its Metropolitan Renewal with William H. Lucy (Island Predecessor, High Street, 1900-2000 (University Bap- Press, 2000) tist Church, 2000) Tomorrow’s Cities, Tomorrow’s Suburbs with William H. Lucy (APA Planners Press, 2006) Frederick Doveton Nichols The Early Architecture of Georgia (University of North Dr. Demetri Porphyrios Carolina Press, 1957) Sources of Modern Eclecticism: Studies on Alvar Aalto Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings (University (St Martin’s Press, 1982) Press of Virginia, 1961) Classical Architecture: The Living Tradition (McMonticello with James A. Bear Jr. (Thomas Jefferson Graw-Hill, 1992) Memorial Foundation, 1967) Demetri Porphyrios: Selected Buildings & Writings Thomas Jefferson, Landscape Architect with Ralph E. (Academy Editions, 1993) Griswold (University Press of Virginia, 1978) John David Quale William Bainter O’Neal Sustainable, Affordable, Prefab: The ecoMOD Project Jefferson’s Fine Arts Library: His Selections for the Uni- (University of Virginia Press, 2011) versity of Virginia, Together with His Own Architectural Books (University Press of Virginia, 1956) Reuben M. Rainey Primitive into Paint: Life and Letters of John Toole Modern Public Gardens: Robert Royston and the (University of Virginia Press, 1960) Suburban Park with J. C. Miller (William Stout Jefferson’s Buildings at the University of Virginia (Uni- Publishers, 2006) versity of Virginia Press, 1960) Dan Kiley Landscapes: The Poetry of Space with Marc Architecture in Virginia: An Official Guide to Four Treib (William Stout Publishers, 2009) Centuries of Building in the Old Dominion (Walker & Reflections on the Veneto with Mario di Valmarana Company, 1968) (DVD, 2009) Pictorial History of the University of Virginia (Univer- Half My World, The Garden of Anne Spencer with sity Press of Virginia, 1968) Rebecca T. Frischkorn An Intelligent Interest in Architecture: A Bibliography of Publications about Thomas Jefferson as an Architect Lisa A. Reilly (University Press of Virginia, 1969) Campus Guide: Vassar College with Karen Van LenArchitectural Drawing in Virginia 1819-1969 (School gen and Marlene E. Heck (Princeton Architectural of Architecture, University of Virginia, 1969) Press, 2003) The Work of William Lawrence Bottomley in Rich-

William D. Rieley A Virginia Family and Its Plantation Houses with Elizabeth Langhorne, K. Edward Lay (University of Virginia Press, 1987) Thomas Schumacher Surface and Symbol: Giuseppe Terragni and the Architecture of Italian Rationalism (Princeton Architectural Press, 1991) Jorg Sieweke Atlas IBA Hamburg with Joachim Schultz (Braun 2008) Charles William Smith Linoleum Block Printing (1926) Old Virginia in Block Prints (1929) Animal Fare My Zoological Garden Daphne Spain American Women in Transition with Suzanne Bianchi (Russell Sage Foundation, 1986) Gendered Spaces (UNC Press, 1992) Balancing Act: Motherhood, Marriage and Employment among American Women with Suzanne Bianchi (Russell Sage Foundation, 1996) How Women Saved the City (University of Minnesota Press, 2001)

Dell Upton Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Architectural Roots: Ethnic Groups that Built America (John Wiley, 1986) Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular Architecture with Michael Vlach (University of Georgia Press, 1986) Holy Things and Profane: Anglican Parish Churches in Colonial Virginia (MIT Press, 1986) Architecture in the United States (Oxford University Press, 1998) Another City: Urban Life and Urban Spaces in the New American Republic (Yale University Press, 2008) Mario di Valmarana Architecture (Odyssey Press, 1964) Building by the book (University Press of Virginia, 1984) Robert J. van Pelt Architectural Principles in the Age of Historicism with William Carroll Westfall (Yale University Press, 1991) The Case for Auschwitz: Evidence from the Irving Trial (Indiana, 2002) Robert L. Vickery, Jr. Sharing Architecture (University Press of Virginia, 1983) The Meaning of the Lawn: Thomas Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Design for the University of Virginia (VDG, 1998)

Journal Notes 1970-2000: Memories and Reflections for my Family and Friends (privately published, 2001)

The American Renaissance with Dianne Pilgrim, Richard Murray (Pantheon, 1979) The Machine Age in America, 1918-1941 with Dianne A. Camille Wells Pilgrim and Dickran Tashjian Fleming County, Kentucky: An Architectural History (Abrams, 1986) (Kentucky Heritage Commission, 1979) The Making of Virginia Architecture with C. Brownell, Architecture of Paducah and McCracken County (Soci- C. Loth, W. Rasmussen (University of Virginia Press, ety for the Preservation of Paducah, 1981) 1992) Canton: The Architecture of our Home Town (Canton Thomas Jefferson’s Academical Village: The Making of [NC] Historical Commission, 1985) an Architectural Masterpiece Richard Guy Wilson, ed., with Joseph Lasala, Patricia William Carroll Westfall Sherwood, Murray Howard (University Press of In This Most Perfect Paradise: Alberti, Nicholas V, and Virginia, 1993) the Invention of Conscious Urban Planning in Rome, Richmond’s Monument Avenue with Sarah Shields 1447-55 (Penn State University, 1974) Driggs, Robert P. Winthrop, John O. Peters Architectural Principles in the Age of Historicism with (University of North Carolina Press, 2000) Robert Jan van Pelt (Yale University Press, 1991) RM Schindler (2001) Buildings of Virginia: Tidewater and Piedmont, Dora Wiebenson principal author and editor (Oxford University Press, Sources of Greek Revival Architecture (Zwemmer, 2002) London, 1969) The Colonial Revival House (Abrams, 2004) Tony Garnier: The Cité Industrielle (George Braziller, Re-creating the American Past: Essays on the Colonial 1969) Revival (2005) The Picturesque Garden in France (Princeton Univer- Harbor Hill (Norton, 2008) sity Press, 1978) Architectural Theory and Practice from Alberti to LeAdam Yarinsky doux, ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1983) ARO: Architecture Research Office with Stephen Cassell The Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection (George (Princeton, 2003) Braziller, 1993) On the Water: Palisade Bay with Guy Nordenson and The Architecture of Historic Hungary (MIT Press, Catherine Seavitt (Museum of Modern Art, 2010) 1998) Craig Zabel William Daryl Williams American Public Architecture: European Roots and Trajectories Through the Shotgun House with David Native Expressions with Susan Scott Munshower Brown (Rice University School of Architecture, (Pennsylvania State University, 1989) 2004) William Zuk Richard Guy Wilson Concepts of Structure (Reinhold, 1963) AIA Gold Medal (McGraw Hill) Kinetic Architecture with Roger H. Clark (Van NosAmerica’s Castles trand Reinhold, 1970) Prairie School in Iowa with Sidney Robinson (Iowa New Technologies, New Architecture with son Thomas State University Press, 1977) Zuk (Wordcrafters Editorial Services, 1994) American Renaissance 1876-1917 with Dianne Pilgrim, Richard Murray (Brooklyn Museum, 1979)

U .VA . S C H O O L O F A R C H I T E C T U R E A D M I N I S T R AT I O N O R I G I N A L LY C O M P I L E D B Y K . E D W A R D L AY, 9 N O V E M B E R 19 9 4 , U P D AT E D 2 0 11 Position/Name Born/Died Tenure Head of the School 1. Sidney Fiske Kimball 2. Joseph Fairman Hudnut 3. Alfred Lawrence Kocker 4. Edmund Shureman Campbell 5. Frederick Charles Disque (acting)

1888-1955 1886-1968 1885-1969 1884-1950 1891-1957

1919-1923 1923-1926 1926-1928 1928-1950 1950-1953

Given title of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Deanâ&#x20AC;? from here on: 6. Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick 1910-1994 1953-1966 7. Joseph Norwood Bosserman (acting) 1925-1997 1966-1967 8. Joseph Norwood Bosserman 1925-1997 1967-1975 9. Kenneth Edward Lay (acting) 1932- 1976 10. Joseph Norwood Bosserman 1925-1997 1976-1980 11. Jaquelin Taylor Robertson 1933- 1980-1988 12. Harry W. Porter, Jr. (acting) 1936- 1988-1989 13. Harry W. Porter, Jr. 1936- 1988-1993 14. Daphne Gay Spain (acting) 1949- Spring 1994 15. William A. McDonough 1951- 1994-1999 16. Karen Van Lengen 1951- 1999-2009 17. Kim Tanzer 1955- 2009Assistant Dean 1. Joseph Norwood Bosserman 19925-1997 1963-1966 2. Matthias Ellsworth Kayhoe, III 1930- 1967-1974 3. K. Edward Lay, Jr. 1932- 1974-1981 Until 1981, there was only one dean, no associate aean and one assistant dean, who was in charge of the secretarial pool, the physical plant, and all student matters. After 1990, this position included responsibility for the budget, but no longer student matters.

4. Stephen H. Pavy 5. John A. Alexander

1959- 1951-

1990-1992 1992-1995

Associate Dean for Finance and Administration In October 1997, the assistant dean position became associate dean. 6. Elizabeth Fortune 1963- 1996-2010 7. Allen Lee 2011 Associate Dean For Academic Programs (Academic Affairs, Curriculum) 1. Yale Rabin 1927- 1981-1987 2. Bruce Abbey 1943- 1981-1989 3. Unfilled 1990-1991 4. Michael Bednar 1942- 1992-1994 6. William H. Lucy 1939- 1996-1999 7. William H. Sherman 1954- 1999-2003 8. A. Bruce Dotson 1943- 2003-2008 9. William H. Lucy (Policy) 1939- 2008William H. Sherman (Academics) 1954- 2008-2009 10. Kirk Martini 19582010Associate Dean for Administration and Student Affairs 1. K. Edward Lay 1932- 1981-1982 2. Harry W. Porter, Jr. 1936- 1982-1983 3. Theo van Groll 1939- 1983-1989 Associate Dean of Research 1. Phoebe Crisman

Associate Dean for Students 1. Daphne Spain 1949- 1989-1993 2. K. Edward Lay (acting) 1932- Spring 1994 3. Daphne Spain 1949- 1994-1995 4. Kenneth A. Schwartz 1957- 1995-1997 5. Warren C. Boschenstein 1940- 1997-1999 6. Theo Vvn Groll 1939- 1999-2003 7. Ellen S. Cathey 1969- 2004Secretary to Head of School 1. Isabel Burnett ? -1939 2. Jean M. Holiday 1916- 1938-1943

Secretary to Dean In 1953, the secretary to the head of the School became secretary of the dean. 3. Annie Rives Goodloe 1943-1964 4. ? 1964?-1965 5. June Cooper Griffin 1926- 1965-1967 6. Joan Baxter 1930- 1967-1991 Office Manager In December 1995, the secretary of the dean became office manager. 7. Brenda Cook Korfanty 1947- 1991-2001 8. Mary Hall 2001-2003 9. Cathy Fox 1960- 2003-2005 10. E. Alice Keys 1960- 2005 Assistant to the Dean 1. Caroline Kurrus 1963- 1996-1997 2. E. Lynn Ward 1952- 1997-1998 3. Moji E. Olaniyan 1998-2000 4. Roger Sherry 2000-2002 (Director of Public Events and Publications) 5. Derry Wade (Director of Publications) 2002-2011 Chair, Department of Architecture In 1999, the chair assumed the role of director of graduate architecture as well 1. Fredrick Doveton Nichols 1911-1995 1967-1970 Carlo Pelliccia 1933-1987 2. Robert L. Vickery 1932- 1970-1976 Carlo Pelliccia 1933-1987 3. Michael J. Bednar 1942- 1976-1977 Carlo Pelliccia 1942-1987 4. Michael J. Bednar 1942- Robin D. Dripps 1942- 1978-1980 5. Bruce Abby 1942- Robin D. Dripps 1943- 1980-1985 6. Robin D. Dripps 1943- 1985-1987 7. WG Clark 1942- 1987-1988

8. Kenneth A. Schwartz 1956- 1988-1989 9. Peter Waldman (acting) 1957- Spring 1995 10. Peter Waldman 1943- 1995-1998 11. Judith A Kinnard 1954- 1998-2003 12. William H. Sherman 1954- 2003-2007 13. Craig E. Barton 1955- 2007-2011 14. Iñaki Alday Sanz 1965- 2011 Director of Graduate Architecture 1. Bruce Abby 1943- 1985-1987 2. Edward R. Ford 1947- 1988-1990 3. Unfilled 1991-1994 4. WG Clark 1942- 1995-1996 5. Unfilled 1996-1998 In 1999, these duties were incorporated into the chair of architecture responsibilities. Director of Undergraduate Architecture 1. Kenneth A. Schwartz 1957- 1985-1990 2. Theo van Groll 1939- 1990-1992 3. K. Edward Lay 1932- 1992-1994 4. William H. Sherman 1954- Spring 2005 5. K. Edward Lay 1932- Fall 1995 6. Theo van Groll 1939- 1997-1998 7. Charles Menefee III 1954- 1998-2006 8. Craig E. Barton 1955- 2006-2007 9. Michael Bednar 1942- 2007-2009 10. Elizabeth Roettger 2009Chair, Department of Architectural History 1. William O’Neal 1907-1994 1958-1972 2. Fredrick Doveton Nichols 1911-1995 1972-1977 3. Dora L. Wiebenson 1926- 1977-1979 4. Richard Guy Wilson 1940- 1979-1983 5. Carroll William Westfall 1937- 1985-1998 6. Richard Guy Wilson 1940- 1998-2002 7. Lisa Reilly 1957- 2002–2005 8. Richard Guy Wilson 1940- 2005-2006 9. Dell Upton 2006 –2007 10. Louis P. Nelson 1968- 2007-2011 11. Richard Guy Wilson 1940- 2011-

Chair, Department of Landscape Architecture 1. Harry W. Porter 1936-2011 1969-1982 2. Reuben M. Rainey 1938- 1982-1986 3. Warren T. Byrd (acting) 1953- 1986-1987 4. Warren T. Byrd 1953- 1987-1992 5. Elizabeth K. Meyer 1956- 1993-1998 6. Elissa B. Rosenberg 1955- 1998-2004 7. Julie Bargmann 1958- 2004-2005 8. Elizabeth K. Meyer 1956- 2006 In 2006, the Department of Landscape Architecture merged with the Department of Architecture to form the Department of Architecture + Landscape Architecture. This position became program director and was separated again in 2010. 9. Kristina Hill 1964- 2007-2010 10. Nancy Takahashi Chair, Department of Urban and Environmental Planning Formerly the Department of City Planning until the mid-1970s 1. Paul S. Dulaney 1913-1972 1959-1970 2. A. Kent Clement (acting) 1925- 1970-1971 3. Paul S. Dulaney 1913-1972 1971-1972 4. Frederick Davidson (acting) 1972-1974 5. Richard C. Collins 1934- 1974-1981 6. William H. Lucy 1939- 1982-1985 7. David L. Phillips 1944- 1985-1990 8. William H. Lucy 1939- 1990-1992 9. Timothy Beatley 1957- 1992-1997 10. A. Bruce Dotson 1947- 1997-2003 11. Daphne Spain 1949- 2003-2008 12. A. Bruce Dotson 1947- 2008 Director of Historic Preservation 1. Roy Eugene Graham 1938- 1973-1981 2. Mario di Valmarana 1929-2010 1981-1993 3. Daniel Bluestone 1953- 1994-

Director of Urbanism 1. Robin D. Dripps 2. Craig E. Barton

1942- 1955-

1985-2000 2000-2005

Institute for Environmental Negotiation Director 1. Richard C. Collins 1934- 2. E. Franklin Dukes 1951-

1981-2005 2005-

Assistant Director

1. A. Bruce Dotson

1943-

1981-1997

Associate Director In 1997, the assistant director position became associate director. 2. Frank Dukes 1951- 1997-2005 Institute for Sustainable Design Creative Director 1. William A. McDonough

1951-

1996-1999

Executive Director 1. Kristian Mitchell 1971- 1997-1998 2. Diane Dale 1953- 1998-1999 Center for Research and Innovation in Design (CRIB) 1. Lev Zetlin 1918-1992 1968-1972 2. William Zuk 1924-2005 1972-1980 Center for Housing and Social Environment (CHASE) 1. H. Cassius Higgins 1926- 1971-1974 2. Unfilled 1975-1981 3. William H. Harris, Sr. 1941- 1982-1990? Director of Architectural Technology 1. William Zuk 1924- 1970-1985 2. Edward R. Ford 1947- 1987-1990 Director of Fabrication 1. Anselmo G. Canfora 1968- 2007Director of Computer Technology 1. Earl Mark 1953- 1994-2005

Chief Technology Officer In 2005, the position became chief technology officer. 1. Earl Mark 1953- 2005Director of Programs Abroad 1. Mario di Valmarana 1929- 1974-1984 2. Robert L. Vickery 1932- 1985-1988 3. Theo van Groll 1939- 1989-1994 4. Michael J. Bednar 1942- 1994-1998 In 1998 the duties of the director of programs abroad became part of the associate dean for students position. Director of Development 1. Douglas C. McVarish 2. Heather M. Thomas 3. Robert W. Lasher 4. Susan M. Ketron In 2005, position became,

1955- 1964- 1966- 1960-

1987-1989 1989-1994 1995-1997 1997-2005

Executive Director For the School of Architecture Foundation 1. Susan M. Ketron 1960- 2005-2007 2. Warren Buford 2007Director of Annual Giving 1. Abigail Reed 1992-1994 2. Robert W. Lasher 1966- 1994-1995 Associate Director of Development 1. Susan M. Ketron 1960- 1995-1997 2. Jayne Riew 1971- 2001-2003 3. Leslie N. Walsh 2005-2005 Associate Director of Operations 1. Nancy A. Scogna 2005-2007

Associate Director of Individual Giving 1. Angie A. Fellers 2005-2009 Assistant Director of Development In 1998 the associate director position became assistant director, then reverted back to associate director of development in 2001. 1. Jayne K. Riew 1971- 1998-2001 Assistant Director of Operations and Alumni Relations 2. Kimberly Wong

2008-

Director of Architecture Career Planning and Placement 1. Clare Garnham 2. Karen Hunsaker -1979 3. Susan C. Bates 1941- 1979-1991 4. Lisa Anderson 1955 1991-1995 5. Nancy Paulson 1967- 1995-1998 6. Mark Presnell 1969- 1998-99 7. Toby Emert 1964- 1999-2003 In 2002 the position became part of the associate dean for students position. Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Librarian 1. Ferol O. Briggs 1965-1971 2. Lois Drewer 1941- 1971-1973 3. Mary Dunnigan 1922- 1973-1987 4. Jack Robertson 1948- 1987-2003 5. Lucie Wall Stylianopoulos 2003 Director of Northern Virginia Program in Planning Program ceased operations in 2003 1. David L. Phillips 1944- 1974-1982 2. S. Gregory Lipton 1946- 1982-1986 3. William H. Lucy 1939- 1986-1989 4. David L. Phillips (acting) 1944- 1989-1990 5. William H. Lucy 1939- 1990-2003

U .VA . A R C H I T E C T U R E S C H O O L A L U M N I L I S T Note: All known students are listed for the years 1919 through 1953, the end of the Disque tenure. All graduates are listed under the tenure of the dean who was head of the School at the time of their first School degree.

All Alumni under Sidney Fiske Kimball 18881955 (U.Va. Tenure 1919-1923) Nick Aba (attended U.Va. 1922) Mogan Alta (attended U.Va. 1919) Joseph Julian DeBrita 1901- (U.Va. BS Arch 1922) Washington Irving (Dick) Dixon (U.Va. BS Arch 1922) William Royster Johnson 1901-1991 (attended U.Va. 1921-1925) Stanislaw John Makielski 1893-1969 (U.Va. BS Arch 1922) Carroll Melton All Alumni under Joseph Fairman Hudnut 1886-1968 (U.Va. Tenure 1923-1926) Sarkis Maryrus Arakelian (U.Va. BS Arch 1926) H. Haskins Ashburner John Behrens II -1988 (U.Va. BS Arch 1926) W. E. Benoit Ogden Wood Brown (U.Va. BS Arch 1925) Walter Merle Brown (U.Va. BS Arch 1926) Henry Alexander Browne (U.Va. BS Arch 1926) Goodwin Worth (Judge) Draper Eccles (Ek) Dewey Everhart 1902-1964 Fendall Littlepage Gregory Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1925)

Edwin Key Hodgkins James Henry Law Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1925) Henry (Heine, Hank) Jefferson Lawrence (U.Va. BS Arch 1925) Charles M. Loving Chester H. Smith Ernest Dorsey Stevens

All Alumni under Alfred Lawrence Kocher 1885-1969 (U.Va. Tenure 1926-1928) David Burton Andrews Jr. Louis Watkins Ballou 1904-1979 (U.Va. Arch 1927) FAIA Lawrence Nelson (Skeeta) Brown (U.Va. BS Arch 1927) Francesco DePaula (Quico) Carral (U.Va. BS Arch 1928) Francis Johnson Duke (U.Va. BS Arch 1927, U.Va. Gr A&S 1933 & 1938) Paul C. Edmunds William Carter Farrar -1996 Oscar B. (Finny) Flannagan -1990 (U.Va. BS Arch 1927) Ralph Grady Gulley 1902-1990 (U.Va. BS Arch 1927, Fontainebleau Cert 1928, Harvard M Arch 1929) Maurice Ethridge Holley Sr. 1905-1969 (Florida 1924-1926, U.Va. BS Arch 1928) Lewis William Lamb Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1927) Ralph Little 1913- (attended U.Va. 1925-1926) Rogelio Navarro -1942 (U.Va. BS Arch 1927)

Thomas C. Parker Willard Edward Stainback 1906-1965 (U.Va. BS Arch 1928) Marshall Swain Wells 1900-1974 (BS Arch 1928) Abner Jay Zerman (U.Va. BS Arch 1928)

Edgar Mearl Callahan 1919-2000 (Lees McRae AA 1942, U.Va. BS Arch 1949) James Jefferies Chapman Jr. 1908-1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1932, MIT Grad 1934) Dwight Gordon Chase 1924- (U.Va. Arch 1949) Alan G. Cherry Jr. (U.Va. Arch 1950) All Alumni under Edmund Shureman Campbell Peter Graham Christie 1920-2008 (U.Va. Arch 1942, Harvard M Arch 1949) 1884-1950 (U.Va. Tenure 1928-1950) Logan Clarence (Speck) Cline Jr. -2000 (U.Va. BS Frederick Henry Allen 1909-1965 (U.Va. BS Arch Arch 1929) 1929, Columbia post grad 1930) Edward Holman Amos -2010 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Nyal Lee Cline -1988 (U.Va. Arch 1949) Robert M. Cooke (U.Va. Arch 1948) Leland Lowell Anderson (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Richard N. Anderson Jr. -1999 (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Ensign John Henry Cowell 1908-1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1932, Beaux Arts Atelier in Newark 1933) Alfred Allison Arbogast Whitwell W. Coxe Jr. -1990 (attended U.Va. 1934, Robert Lee Auldridge -1973 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) VPI 1938) Edmond Alfred Ayers Jr. 1923- (U.Va. BS Arch Thomas Whitmore Stuart Craven 1917-1989 (U.Va. 1949) BS Arch 1941) Frederick Freeman Bainbridge III 1927- (U.Va. BS Edward Morris Davis III (U.Va. BS Arch 1931) Arch 1949, Kansas City Art Inst M Ind Des 1951) Roger Caldwell Davis 1925- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Frank W. Ballard Jr. -2001 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Irving Temple Denemark (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) Eric Roy Bancroft -2007 (U.Va. BS Arch 1941, CoEugene Mortimer Dennis 1917-2001 (U.Va. BS Arch lumbia 1946-1947) Arthur Crawford Barlow 1906-1944 (U.Va. BS Arch 1941, US Navy Midshipman School 1942, Naval Academy Arch Cert 1944) 1930) Robert Leslie Dennis 1917- (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) George L. Baughan -1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) Lucien Minor Dent 1904- (U.Va. BS Arch 1929, Charles Henry Baumgartner Jr. (U.Va. Arch 1937) Amer Sch Fountainebleu France 1930) Charles Nield Bayless 1914-1991 (Carnegie Inst of William Bland Dew Jr. 1908-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch Tech, U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Eric Donald H. Beall 1925-2007 (U.Va. Arch 1949) 1930) William L. Dove Walter James Boggs -1998 (U.Va. Arch 1947) William Smith Downing Jr. 1920- (NYU 1940, William F. Bowden Jr. Fielding Lewis Bowman -2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) U.Va. BS Arch 1946) William Robert Dudenhausen 1926Joe M. Brock (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Paul Summers Dulaney 1913-1972 (U.Va. BS Arch Walter Scott Brodie 1911- (U.Va. BS Arch 1933, 1935, MIT MP 1949) MIT MS Arch 1934) Guy Arlington Dunlop Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Stewart Harmon Brown 1906-1981 (Lafayette BS Victor Elmaleh 1919- (U.Va. BA Arch 1942) 1928, U.Va. BS Arch 1932) Thomas James Etherton Jr. 1925-2005 (U.Va. BS Donald Bruce (U.Va. BS Arch 1942) Arch 1950) Paul E. Buchanan 1920-1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Henry Julius Euler Jr. 1920- (NYU 1938-1939, U.Va. David Richmond Byers III -1998 (attended U.Va. BS Arch 1947) 1945)

Joseph Everette Fauber Jr. 1908-1986 (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) FAIA George Corner Fenhagen Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) William Chappell Flake Jr. (attended U.Va. 1931) Paul Curtis Fleishel -2008 (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) John Middleton Freeman 1919-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1941, Black Mt, GWU, Art League of NY) Stuart Phillips Frost (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Gordon Bohannan Galusha 1926-2007 (Notre Dame Midshipmans Sch, U.Va. BS Arch 1950, Cranbrook M Arch 1954) Kendrick Garvin (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Garland Mason Gay 1926- (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Thomas Stevens George Jr. 1918-2009 (U.Va. BS Arch 1939) David Jameson Gibson 1915-2001 (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Vincent Gerald Gilmore 1910- (BS Arch 1934) David M. Giltinan Jr. -2009 (U.Va. BS Arch 1945) Marshall Gochnauer (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) Rev. James Roy Gordon II -1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Lucie Guerrant Gillespie Greever 1919-2009 (Hollins, U.Va. BS Arch 1944) Milton LaTour Grigg 1905-1982 (attended U.Va. 1924-1929) FAIA George Clinton Haddox 1920- (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) William Newton Hale Jr. 1920-1954 (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) William G. Halsey III 1916- (U.Va. Arch 1940)

Oscar Montgomery Hansen Sr. 1907-1971 (U.Va. BS Arch 1930, Pittsburgh) Robert Crowninshield Harding 1920-2009 (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) David Warren Hardwicke 1928- (Richmond 1946, U.Va. BS Arch 1950) James Evans Harper 1916-2006 (Shenandoah Bus 1934, U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Christian Stanger Heritage Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Ben Henderson Heyward, 1913-2000 (UNC 19301932, U.Va. BS Arch 1935) Edward Beattie Hickson (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) Frederick Stuart Hilder -1991 (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Frederick Hamlin Hobbs Jr. 1909-1985 (U.Va. BS Arch 1931) FAIA John Cameron Hoggan (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) Allen Crosby Hopkins 1920-1981 (U.Va. BA Arch 1943, U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Carol T. Myers Hunter 1923-1999 (Sweetbriar, U.Va. BS Arch 1944) George Cameron Hunter Jr. 1912-2008 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) William Reed Huntington 1907-1990 (Harvard AB 1928, Columbia Arch 1929-1931, U.Va. BS Arch 1932) Charlie Deuel Hurt Jr. 1918- (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Gordon Louis Ingraham 1915-1999 (U.Va. BS Arch 1939) Russell Willis Jenkins Jr. 1925- (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Thomas Gillis Jewell 1926- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949)

Floyd Elmer Johnson 1909-1999 (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) FAIA CDR Walter Winthrop H. R. Jones 1917- (Syracuse Rein Conc Des 1939, U.Va. BS Arch 1941, NY Structural Inst 1957) Milton Noland Kassel (U.Va. BS Arch 1945) Ralph Kaufman 1910-1994 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) John E. Kempf (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) Henry Hunter Kennard 1923- (Citadel 1940-1942, U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Seldon B. Kennedy Jr. -1999 (U.Va. BS Arch 1942) Joseph C. Kent Col. Roy Milton Kinsey 1920-2010 (U.Va. BS Arch 1944, Princeton Struct Des) Joseph (Jack) Cornish Laramore Jr. 1927- (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Jack Lawson (BS Arch 1934) Thomas Richards Leachman 1907- (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) John Bannsdall Lee (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Joseph Lester Jr. (U.Va. BS in Arch) Lawrence Lewis. Jr. 1918-1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1942) Heath Licklider 1918-1982 (U.Va. BS Arch 1940, Princeton MFA) Carl Albert Lindgren Jr. 1910-1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1933) William S. Long Jr. -2011 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Charles T. Lupton (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) Evelina Magruder 1898-2000 (Parsons Interior Design, U.Va. BS Arch 1935) George Francis Mahoney (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Alexander Blount Mahood Jr. 1920-1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) John Allen Marfleet 1926-1996 (Mercer 1944-1945, U.Va. BS Arch 1949, Columbia 1949-1950) William Marshall Jr. 1925-1997 (VMI 1943-1944, U.Va. BS Arch 1949, Columbia 1949-1950) FAIA John Jacob Mattern Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1931) Lewis Charles Mattison 1908-1998 (U.Va. BS Arch 1930s) Lester Nelson May Sr. 1923-2009 (U.Va. BS Arch

1943) Myrlin McCullar 1919- (U.Va. BS Arch 1942) Alan McCullough Jr. 1909-1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1933, attended MIT) C. Wilson McNeely Jr. -1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) Warren T. Michael -2005 (U.Va. BS Arch 1943) Emory Neil Mick -1990 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) Douglas Moose Millar Jr. 1923-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Joseph Lester Mills Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1946) Masao Miura (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Riley Benjamin Montgomery Jr. - 1967 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949, Washington M) Richard Albert Moon (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) William Pratt Mounfield 1915- (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) William Tayloe Munford Jr. (attended U.Va. 1931) Edward Lee Myers 1914 -2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) Edward Ford Neal -1977 (attended U.Va. 1940s) Charles Andrew Nelson 1926- (Vanderbilt 19431945, U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Walter Rowbottom Nexsen 1915- (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Joseph T. Norris (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Waverly Chapman Ormond 1922- (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) J. Dean Owens Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) John Doniphan Owen Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) John C. Page (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Carl D. Paternostro (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Lewis A. (Pat) Patterson -1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) William Whitfield Patterson 1914- (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Robert Chamberlayne Pearce 1913-1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Charles Almond Pearson Jr. 1914-2001 (Carnegie Tech 1933-1937, U.Va. BS Arch 1940) FAIA Edward Leroy Phillips (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) William E. Pinner Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Harrison Trueheart Poston (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Jefferson N. Powell (U.Va. BS Arch 1943)

Richard Colby Pullinger 1905-1998 (attended U.Va. 1932, attended Clark University, Beaux Arts Inst of Des) James Scott Rawlings 1922-1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1947, Princeton MFA 1949) FAIA William A. Ringwood (U.Va. BS Arch 1941) Ross B. Rishell (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Alan Scott Robinson 1913-1984 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936, MIT M Arch 1937) Stephen S. Roszel Jr. (attended U.Va. 1945) James T. Rowe (U.Va. BS Arch 1933) Frank J. Rowland (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Julius Trousdale Sadler Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1945) John G. Sadlon 1911-1998 (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Byron Rhodes (Larry) Sample -1991 (U.Va. BS Arch 1942) William Trevilian Sandidge 1920-1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Walter E. Savory Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Samuel J. Schaeffer -2007 (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Carl Frederic Schaus (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Robert H. Schroff -1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1946) Louie Lorraine Scribner 1906-1990 (attended U.Va. 1925-1930) FAIA William Feay Shellman Jr. 1917-1987 (U.Va. BS Arch 1939) M. Kent Shelton 1923- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Robert Francis Sherertz -2008 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Edwin Wesley Shumate (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Herbert Livingston Smith III 1920- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) FAIA

Richard Temple Snellings 1915-2005 (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Thomas P. Snellings -2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Fausto Sosa (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Thomas Bascom Staley (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) William Robert Stephenson 1912-2007 (U.Va. BA Arch 1934, Columbia 1934, NYU 1935, California 1942) Arthur K. Stevens Jr. 1916-1990 (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Lawrence Malcolm Stevens -1998 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) David Farnham Stoddard -1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1931) Thomas M. Stokes Sr. -1996 (U.Va. BS Arch 1944) Hubert Thornhill Stratton 1925- (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Frederick Hilder Stuart (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) George Leonard Sullivan Jr. 1926-1988 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Edward Colston Taylor Jr. 1911-1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) Richard Bonnell Taylor 1926-1993 (Wake Forest 1943, U.Va. BA 1947, Ecole de Fontainebleau Cert 1947, U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Edmund Bradford Tazewell Jr. 1926- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949, Penn M Arch 1951) Lester Isaac Thomas 1918- (U.Va. Arch 1940) William A. Thomas -2008 (U.Va. Arch 1949) James Edwin Travis Sr. -2008 (U.Va. Arch 1942) James S. Turner (U.Va. Arch 1950)

William Chambers Tyler Jr. 1920- (U.Va. Arch 1942) Gilbert Stanley Underwood II -1994 (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) Robert Irving Upshur 1918-2011 (Presbyterian College 1935-1936, U.Va. BS Arch 1939) George Lindenberger Van Bibber (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) William Jefferson Wallace -2003 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935) John S. Waller 1924- (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Frank L. Walters -1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) Richard Blanchard Walton 1926-1963 (UNC 1943, U.Va. BS Arch 1949) William M. Webb Courtenay Cleland Welton 1927- (VMI BS CE 1938, U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Francis Conway Welton 1920-1965 (VMI BS CE 1943, U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Clarence Windom Wenger 1899-1982 (VPI Engineering 1917-1918, U.Va. BS Arch 1933) Albert C. White III (U.Va. BS Arch 1933) John Edward Whitmore II 1921- (VMI BA 1942, U.Va. BS Arch 1948) Raoul Wheeler Wilkins -1992 (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) Edward B. Wilkins -2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Fred E. Will (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) James Lee Williams Jr. 1919-2008 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) William Patton Williams (U.Va. BS Arch 1931) Alfred G. Wiltshire (U.Va. BS Arch 1947) John (Jack) Elzey Wilson 1921-2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) FAIA William J. Winburn (U.Va. BS Arch 1948) John Martin Woodside (U.Va. BS Arch 1932) Thomas R. Wyant Jr. -1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1950) James MCKinney Yeatts -2005 (U.Va. BS Arch 1943, Princeton M Arch 1949)

All Alumni under Frederick Charles Disque 1891-1957 (U.Va. Tenure 1950-1953, Interim Director)

William Burton Alderman 1927- (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) Robert Ferdinand Behm 1928- (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) Howard M. Besoso (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) William Irving Booth (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Peyton Moncure Chichester Jr. 1924-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Louis E. Childers Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Waverly Alexander Cox (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) William D. Darden -1958 (U.Va. BS Arch 1953, Rice M Arch) Frank A. Devore Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) George Archibald Fenton Jr. -1995 (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Fred Dewitt Fishback 1929- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Robert Horace Garbee 1930- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953, Ecole des Beaux-Arts Paris 1954) Judson Morgan Gardner Sr. 1923- (W&M, U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Guy Phillip Gilliam 1920-2004 (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Robert Frank Grove (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Dale Conway Hamilton 1925- (Emory & Henry 1946-1947, NC State 1947-1948, U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Robert W. Harvey (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Cecil Talmadge Holt Sr. -2003 (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) Jerrold Roberts Humphrey 1927- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Thomas B. Johnson (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) Russell Leigh Jordan 1926- (Penn State CE, U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Matthias (Matt) Ellsworth Kayhoe III 1930- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953, Cranbrook M Arch 1958) William Hilleary Kerfoot (U.Va. College 1948, U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Ferruccio Louis Legnaioli 1927-1998 (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Clyde Edmond McClintock 1929- (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Walter T. Milliner (U.Va. BS Arch 1951)

Albert K.Mock Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1953) Albert Girard Mumma Jr. 1928- (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Frank Stone Noel (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) James Bolling Payne (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) William Spencer Price Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) William H. Qualls (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) Nelson Charles Rancorn Jr. 1929- (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Richard Charles Reilly 1926-2000 (U.Va. BS Arch 1952) John Robert Strang 1926- (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Albert Anthony Tappe 1928- (U.Va. BS Arch 1952, Fontainebleau 1951, MIT MA 1958, MIT MP 1958) FAIA Robert Maurice Jean Ullman (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) William Wiese II 1922- (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) FAIA Eldon Fields Wood 1925-2005 (U.Va. BS Arch 1951) Eugene Henry Zarling 1925- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953)

FA C U LT Y, V I S I T O R S & S TA F F H I R E D DURING DEANSHIPS Note: Listed are more than 650 faculty including the heads/deans and some staff under the administration of their first hire

SIDNEY FISKE KIMBALL 1888-1955 (U.Va. TENURE 1919-1923) Faculty List Stanislaw John Makielski 1893-1969 (U.Va. BS Arch 1922) Louis Francis Voorhees 1892-1974 (Michigan B Arch 1916, Michigan MS Arch 1917) Associates with Sidney Fiske Kimball Walter Dabney Blair 1877-1953 (U.Va. 1896, Penn Arch 1899, École des Beaux-Arts 19001902) FAIA Dr. William Alexander Lambeth 1867-1944 (U.Va. MD 1892, U.Va. PhD 1901) John Kevan Peebles 1866-1934 (U.Va. CE 1888, U.Va. DS Applied Math 1890) Robert Edward Lee Taylor 1882-1953

JOSEPH FAIRMAN HUDNUT 1886-1968 (U.Va. TENURE 1923-1926) Faculty List Ralph Grady Gulley 1902-1990 (U.Va. BS Arch 1927, Fontainebleau Cert 1928, Harvard M Arch 1929)

ALFRED LAWRENCE KOCHER 1885-1969 (U.Va. TENURE 1926-1928) Faculty List Frederick Henry Allen 1909-1965 (U.Va. BS Arch 1929, Columbia post grad 1930) Lawrence Bernhart Anderson 1906-1994 (Minnesota BS 1926, Minnesota BS Arch 1927, MIT M Arch 1930, École des Beaux-Arts in Paris 1930-1933) FAIA Willard Edward Stainback 1906-1965 (U.Va. BS Arch 1928) Earle Gregory von Storch 1903- (Penn State BS Arch)

EDMUND SHUREMAN CAMPBELL 1884-1950 (U.Va. TENURE 1928-1950) Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List Alfred Allison Arbogast Charles Nield Bayless 1914-1991 (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) John Edwin Canaday 1907-1985 (Texas BA French & Engl Lit 1929, Yale M Arch 1933) Clyde Richard Carter Lucien Minor Dent (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) Frederick Charles Disque 1891-1957 (BA, Penn State MS Arch 1918) William Smith Downing Jr. 1920- (U.Va. BS Arch 1946) William Robert Dudenhausen 1926Joseph Everette Fauber Jr. 1908-1986 (U.Va. BS Arch 1929) FAIA Malcolm Cameron Forsyth Alexander David Fraser David Jameson Gibson 1915-2001 (U.Va. BS Arch 1937) Marshall Gochnauer 1909- (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) Theobald Holsopple Julius Franklin Hunt (U.Va. BCE 1927) Floyd Elmer Johnson 1909-1999 (U.Va. BS Arch 1934) FAIA Leslie R. Johnson Col. Roy Milton Kinsey 1920-2010 (U.Va. BS Arch 1944, Princeton Struct Des) Joseph Lester Jr. Alan McCullough Jr. 1909-1993 (U.Va. BS Arch 1933) Joseph Lester Mills Jr. 1925-1994 (U.Va. BS Arch 1946) Riley Benjamin Montgomery Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) William Tayloe Munford Jr. William Bainter Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Neal 1907-1994 (Carnegie Tech B Arch) Edward Leroy Phillips -1996 (U.Va. BS Arch 1930) Robert Lee Pitts Charles William Smith 1893-1987 Richard Temple Snellings 1915-2005 (U.Va. BS Arch 1938) Lawrence Malcolm Stevens -1998 (U.Va. BS Arch 1936) David Farmer Stoddard Gilbert Stanley Underwood II (U.Va. BS Arch 1947)

Staff under Edmund Shureman Campbell Annie Rives Goodloe

FREDERICK CHARLES DISQUE 1891-1957 (U.Va. TENURE 1950-1953) INTERIM DIRECTOR Faculty List Roger Caldwell Davis 1924- (U.Va. BS Arch 1949) George Corner Fenhagen Jr. 1912-1992 (U.Va. BS Arch 1949, Penn MFA 1950) Walter Bughardt Jones 1928- (MIT B Arch 1950) Clinton Mochon 1924- (Rensselaer B Arch 1948, Cranbrook M Arch 1949) Edward Ford Neal Frederick Doveton Nichols 1911-1995 (Yale BFA 1935) FAIA

THOMAS KEVIN FITZPATRICK 1910-1994 (U.Va. TENURE 1953-1966) TJ Medalist 1966 Mies van der Rohe 1886-1969, Chicago TJ Professors 1966 Pietro Belluschi 1899-1944 (Rome CE 1922, Cornell CE), Boston 1966 Felix Candela 1910-1997 (Madrid Sup Tech Sch Arch 1935), Mexico City Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List Robert Thomas Barbee Joseph Norwood Bosserman 1925-1997 (U.Va. BS Arch 1948, Princeton M Arch) FAIA Eric Brown William Potter Buffum Jr. 1919-2007 (Brown AB 1941, Harvard B Arch 1947) Roger Harrison Clark (Cincinnati BS Arch, U of Washington M Arch) FAIA James Aubrey Douglas Cox 1924- (Oxford Dipl Arch 1952) FRIBA Michael Dixon George Alfred Downs 1914- (Penn State BS Arch 1937, Princeton MFA 1940, MIT Naval Arch 1942) Paul Summers Dulaney 1913-1972 (U.Va. BS Arch 1935, MIT MP 1949) Thompson Alfred Dyke Thomas Dale Featherston Arthur Guy Foster (Florida BLA 1960) James G. Hagan Hal Cassius Higgins 1926-2011 (AA Dipl Arch 1950) Frederick St. George Higginson ARIBA

Alden Hopkins (Harvard MLA) FAAR Matthias (Matt) Ellsworth Kayhoe III 1930- (U.Va. BS Arch 1953, Cranbrook M Arch 1958) Melvin Stanley Krause Jr. 1934- (U.Va. BS Arch 1956, Fountainebleau Dipl 1958, MIT MP 1958) FAIA Jan Lubicz-Nycz 1925- (Polish Univ Dipl Arch, London 1954) Donald Harlan Miller (Chicago BA 1958, Berkeley MCRP 1960, PhD) Dwayne C. Nuzum (Colorado B Arch 1962, MIT M Arch 1963) FAIA Roger Orkin (Illinois BS Arch Engr 1948) Carlo Pelliccia 1933-1987 (U of Rome Dott Arch 1959) Ruth M. Peyton John Lionel Ruseau 1929- (U.Va. BS Arch 1956) Robert J. Sangine (U.Va. B Arch 1960) Werner Karl Sensbach 1923- (Karlsruhe Dipl Eng 1952, UNC MRP 1959) Edward Carl Stevenson John W. Stewart Paul S. Tauber William Taylor Jan Bohdan Tereszczenko 1933- (Warsaw Tech M Arch 1958) Frederick W. Towers (Clemson B Arch 1958, Penn MLA 1960) Theodore R. Turner Robert Nathan Wandel (Ohio State B Arch 1963) Henry Kenneth White 1924- (Leeds Dipl Arch 1951) FRIBA William Zuk 1924-2005 (Cornell BSCE 1944, Johns Hopkins MSE 1947, Cornell PhD 1955) Staff under Thomas Kevin Fitzpatrick Ferol O. Briggs

GEORGE ALFRED DOWNS 1914ACTING DEAN (U.Va. TENURE SPRING 1961) Faculty List Milton Meade Palmer 1916-2001 (Cornell BLA 1959) FASLA

JOSEPH NORWOOD BOSSERMAN 1925-1997 (U.Va. TENURE 1966-1980) TJ Medalists 1980 · Hugh A. Stubbins 1912-2006 (Georgia Tech 1931, Harvard M Arch), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1979 · Lawrence Halprin 1916-2009, San Francisco, California 1978 · Philip Johnson 1906-2005 (Harvard), New York, New York 1977 · Ada Louise Huxtable 1921- (Hunter), New York, New York 1976 · I. M. Pei 1917- (MIT B, Harvard), New York, New York 1975 · Sir Nikolaus Pevsner 1902-1983 (Tech Univ of Berlin, Univ of Leipzig), London, England 1974 · Frei Otto 1925- (Tech Univ of Berlin), Warmbronn, West Germany 1973 · Jean Labatut 1899-1996 (École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, 1919), Princeton, New Jersey 1972 · Lewis Mumford 1895-1990 (CCNY, New Sch for Soc Res), Amenia, New York 1971 · Josep Lluís Sert 1902-1983 (Escola Superior d’Arquitectura), Boston, Massachusetts 1970 · Kenzo Tange 1913-2005 (Tokyo Arch), Tokyo, Japan 1969 · John Ely Burchard 1898-1975 (Minnesota, MIT BAE 1923, MIT MAE 1925), Boston, Massachusetts 1968 · Marcel Breuer 1902-1981 (Bauhaus), New York, New York 1967 · Alvar Aalto 1898-1976 (Helsinki Polytech 1921), Helsinki, Finland TJ Professors 1980 · Romaldo Giurgola 1920- (Rome BA, Columbia MA), New York, New York 1980 · Hugh A. Stubbins 1912-2006 (Georgia Inst Tech 1931, Harvard M Arch), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1979 · Giorgio Bellavitis 1926-2009 (Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Urban Renewal and Restoration 1965), Venice, Italy 1979 · Harry Seidler 1923-2006 (Manitoba 1946, Harvard), Sydney, Australia 1978 · Norman C. Fletcher 1917-2007 (Yale Arch 1940), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1978 · Theodore Waddell 1941- (Cornell Chem 1950, Cornell MBA 1951, Penn M Arch), Florence, Italy 1977 · Lawrence Anderson 1907-1994, (Minnesota BS 1926, Minnesota BS Arch 1927, MIT M Arch 1930, École des Beaux-Arts in Paris 1930-1933), Boston, Massachusetts 1976 · Shivnath Prasad, New Delhi, India 1975 · Alexander Cochran 1913-1990 (Yale Arch, Harvard Arch), Baltimore, Maryland 1975 · Johann Peter Faller 1931- (Technische Hochschule Stuttgart Arch 1950), Stuttgart, Germany 1974 · Anderson Todd (Princeton 1949, Rice MFA 1949), Houston, Texas 1973 · Jean Labatut 1899-1996 (École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, 1919), Princeton, New Jersey 1972 · Lewis Mumford 1895-1990 (CCNY, New Sch for Soc Res), Amenia, New York 1971 · Josep Lluís Sert 1902-1983 (Escola Superior d’Arquitectura 1929), Boston, Massachusetts

1970 · Alan Y. Taniguchi, University of Texas 1970 · Robert L. Vickery 1932-, Washington University 1969 · John Ely Burchard 1898-1975 (MIT BAE 1923, MIT MAE 1925), Boston, Massachusetts 1968 · Marcel Breuer 1902-1981 (Bauhaus), New York, New York 1967 · O’Neil Ford 1905-1982 (Arch Cert Int Corres Sch), San Antonio, Texas 1967 · Ralph Rapson 1914-2008 (Michigan Arch, Cranbrook Arch), University of Minnesota Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List Bruce James Abbey 1943- (Cornell B Arch 1966, Princeton M Arch 1971) Carlton Sturges Abbott (École des Beaux-Arts Fontainebleau 1962, U.Va. BS Arch 1963) FAIA Samuel Armistead (Pete) Anderson III 1933- (U.Va. Hist BA 1955, Penn B Arch 1961) FAIA William H. Atwood (Florida B Arch 1972, Florida M Arch 1972) Robert Edmund Baker (St. Martin’s Sch of Art Arch 1969, Chelsea Art Sch Dipl Arch 1970) Michael John Bednar 1942- (Michigan B Arch 1964, Penn M Arch 1967) FAIA Thomas Guernsey Bender 1941- (Miami B Arch 1965, Penn M Arch 1966) Warren Clifford Boeschenstein 1940- (Amherst BA 1962, Washington B Arch 1966, Harvard M Arch UD 1971) Richard Bonz (Dartmouth BA Econ 1960, Penn MP 1969) Si Brown (McGill BS Biogeography & Plant Ecology 1972, McGill MS Biogeography & Plant Ecology 1974, Waterloo PhD Envir Plan 1977) Ronald W. Brunskill (Manchester MA, Manchester PhD) Harry Burt (W&L BS Math 1957, U.Va. MP 1972) Warren Turnbull Byrd Jr. 1953- (VPI BS Horticulture 1975, U.Va. MLA 1978) FASLA, CLARB John J. Callahan Jr. (Fordham AB 1965, Syracuse MRP 1968, Syracuse PhD Soc Sc 1970) Earl W. Cameron (Oklahoma A&M AA Air Condit & Ref 1949, Oklahoma State BST 1960) Ronald D. Carter William G. (WG) Clark Jr. 1942- (U.Va. BS Arch 1965) John Clarke (Cooper Union B Arch 1966, Columbia MSUP 1968)

Alton Kent Clement 1925-2006 (Oklahoma State B Arch 1952) Samuel Sherwood Cleveland (Texas B Arch 1970) Richard Clyde Collins 1934- (Wisconsin La Crosse BA 1960, Colorado PhD Pol Sc & Pub Adm 1963) William M. Colony 1928-2000 (VPI BS CE 1950, U.Va. MS Pub Adm 1972) Ralph Cowan Warren Jacob Cox 1935- (Yale BA 1957, Yale B Arch 1961) FAIA Kenneth M. Curtis (Auburn B Arch 1963, Illinois MUP 1971, Penn PhD) Thomas V. Czarnowski (Princeton AB 1964, Princeton MFA Arch 1966) FAAR Karl-Achim Czemper (Hochschule fur Gestaltung Dipl Design 1961, Royal College of Art M Design 1970) Angela Danadjieva (Bulgaria State University Arch 1956) Frederick Davidson (BS, ME, MBA, PHD) Julia F. Davis (South Dakota State BS Agr 1956, U.Va. M ArH 1968) Anthony Bruce Dotson 1947- (Cornell BA 1966, Cornell PhD 1970) Philip H. Dole 1921-2006 (Harvard B Arch 1949, Columbia MS 1954) Donald Evan Dougald 1937- (Penn State B Arch Eng 1960, Penn State MS Arch Eng 1966) Robin Dunning Dripps 1942- (Princeton BA Arch 1964, Penn M Arch 1966) Max Evans (NC State BLA 1960, MRP) Thomas E. Ewert (Colorado State BS Hort 1970, Delaware MS Ornamental Hort 1972) Douglas M. Frame 1922-2003 (Berkeley AB Pol Sc 1947, Berkeley MA Pol Sc 1948) Gerhard Freising (Technische Hochschule Dipl Arch 1968) Marilyn Wong Fu (Mount Holyoke BA Art Hist 1964, Princeton MA Chinese Art & Archaeology 1970, Princeton PhD Chinese Art & Archaeology 1980) Harry L. Garnham (Louisiana State BS LA 1965, Harvard MLA 1969) Angus William M. Gavin (Cambridge BA 1966, Cambridge Dipl Arch 1969, Cambridge M Arch 1970, Harvard M Urb Des 1971) Donald E. Geis (Cincinnati BS Arch 1964, Carnegie Mellon M Arch, UD 1967) Vernon Edward George (Illinois BS CP 1961, UNC MRP 1963) Larry W. Gibson (Michigan BLA, Harvard MLA) George T. Gintole (Cooper Union B Arch 1976, Princeton M Arch 1978) Kenneth S. Golden (Rensselaer Polytech B CE 1964, Yale M CP 1966) James H. Grady (Ohio State B Arch 1929) James (Jay) Patrick Graham IV 1946- (U.Va. BS Arch 1969, U.Va. MLA 1972) Roy Eugene Graham 1938- (Louisiana State BS AE 1960, U.Va. M ArH 1968) FAIA Robert B. Gray (U.Va. BS Arch 1973) Jonathan F. Greig (AA Dipl Arch 1961) Larry Michael Hackenberg 1942- (Michigan B Arch 1964, Michigan MLA 1967) Hans Haenlein (Hammersmith College Dipl Arch 1960) Frances Halsband (Swarthmore BA 1965, Columbia M Arch 1968) FAIA Thomas A. Hanson (VPI BS Arch Engr 1954, VPI MS Arch Engr 1960)

William M. Harris Sr. 1941- (Howard BS Physics 1964, Washington MUP 1972, Washington PhD 1974) FAICP Joshua G. Harvey (Yale BA 1959, Yale B Arch 1962) Marcel Herbst (Hochschule fur Gestaltung Dipl Arch 1964, UNC Chapel Hill MRP 1969) Betty E. J. Hill (Univ of Liverpool B Arch 1950) Robert Lawrence Hill (Dartmouth BA 1960, Penn MP 1962) Peter J. Hoppner (Trinity BA 1959, Rennselaer Polytech B Arch 1962, Yale M Arch 1964) Joseph Graham Howe Jr. 1924-2009 (Citadel BS CE 1949, U.Va. M CE 1952) Benjamin Cregan Howland Jr. 1923-1983 (Syracuse BS LA 1950) FASLA Satyendra S. Huja (BA, Michigan State MUP) Waller Staples Hunt Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1958) Jon K. Hutchison (Wisconsin BA Soc 1968, Wisconsin MS Envir Sc 1974, Wisconsin PhD Land Resources 1978) Robert G. Irving (Yale BA 1962, Balliol College Oxford B Litt 1964, Yale MA Hist 1966, Yale M Phil 1969, PhD) Niels V. Jensen (Vestjysk Gymnasium, Denmark, 1968; Arkitektskolen, Denmark, Dipl Arch 1974) Grant R. Jones (Washington Seattle B Arch 1962, Harvard MLA 1966) Jill Jones (London Polytechnic Dipl Arch 1950) FRSA Charles R. Keller (VMI BS CE 1958, WVU MS CE 1967) William M. Kelso (Baldwin-Wallace BA History 1963, W&M MA History 1964, Emory PhD Archaeology 1971) Robert Michael Kliment (Yale BA 1954, Yale B Arch 1959, Yale M Arch) FAIA John L. Knapp (Colorado BA Econ 1957, Duke MA Econ 1960, U.Va. PhD Econ 1970) Carl Landow (Arizona B Arch 1965, Rice M Arch 1967) Kenneth Edward Lay Jr. 1932- (Penn State B Arch 1956, Kansas State M Arch & Phil 1966) Warren Thomas Leback (W&M BA Anthropology 1972, U.Va. MLA 1974) Walter Leedy Jr. (Michigan B Arch 1965, Michigan M Arch 1968, Courtauld Institute PhD Art Hist 1972) Robert C. Leighton (Michigan State BS LA 1968, Michigan MLA 1972) Ralph Lerner (Cooper Union B Arch 1974, Harvard M Arch 1975) FAIA Anne J. Lester (NC State B Arch 1964, U.Va. M ArH 1981)

Diane H. Lewis (Cooper Union B Arch 1976) Carl Timothy Lindstrom, Esq. (Kalamazoo BA Political Science 1969, U.Va. Law 1972, U.Va. MP 1992) Calder Conrad Loth (U.Va. B ArH 1965, U.Va. M ArH 1967) George W. Lovelace (Maryland BS ME 1960) Jan Lubicz-Nycz (Polish Univ Dipl Arch 1954) William Harold Lucy 1939- (Knox BA 1961, Chicago MA 1964, Syracuse PhD 1973) Reinhold Mahler (Technical Univ Munich Dipl Arch 1961) James C. Massey (Penn B Arch 1955) Michael W. Maupin, Esq. (VMI BS 1959, U.Va. LLB 1964) Robert M. McLeod (Berkeley BLA 1966, Harvard MLA 1973) Archie McNab (Edinburgh College of Art Dipl Arch 1954, Edinburgh College of Art Dipl Town Plan 1956) Linda Carol Harris Michael 1936- (U.Va. BS Arch 1959, CUA PhD 1969) FAIA Henry Clay Moore (Michigan BS Arch 1934) Sixto E. Moreira (Oklahoma BS AE 1950, Oklahoma MA AE 1971) Howard Hampton Newlon Jr. 1932- (U.Va. B CE 1953, U.Va. M CE 1959) FASCE, FASTM, FACI Garland Arthur Okerlund Jr. 1935- (Washington B Arch 1960, Harvard MLA 1970) Paul R. V. Pawlowski (U.Va. BS Arch 1965, Michigan MLA 1967) FAAR Rosser H. Payne Jr. (VPI BS ME & CE 1950, Chicago MCP 1964) Simon M. Pepper (AA London, Dipl Arch 1967, Univ of Essex PhD) John J. Pezzoli Cynthia J. Phifer (Princeton BA Arch 1975, Princeton M Arch 1979) David Logan Phillips 1944- (Stanford BS CE 1966, Cornell PhD C&RP 1976) Robert L. Plavnick (Cornell B Arch 1951) Yale Rabin 1927- (Tyler Sch of Fine Arts BFA 1953, Penn B Arch 1960) Reuben M. Rainey 1938- (Duke AB 1960, Union Theological Seminary MDiv 1963, Columbia PhD 1970, U.Va. MLA 1978) FASLA Larry Reich (Harvard BCP 1945, Harvard MCP 1948) Richard Reid 1939- (N Polytechnic Dipl Arch 1963, Accademia Britannica Rome 19681969, St. Martins School of Art sculpture) Karl Richter (Technische Hochschule Stuttgart Dipl Ing Arch 1957) Marion Jack Rinehart Jr. 1934- (U.Va. BS Comm 1957, U.Va. BS Arch 1965) FAIA Mario I. Sama (U.Va. B Arch 1962, University of Rome Dott Arch 1964) Andrew T. P. Sammataro (U.Va. BS Arch 1967, Harvard MLA 1969) Pietro Sartoga (U of Rome Dott Arch 1959) Jerome Ronald Saroff (Antioch BA Hist 1958, MIT MP 1961) Thomas L. Schumacher 1941-2009 (Cornell B Arch, Cornell M Arch) FAAR Alan K. Scouten (Syracuse B Arch 1964, Penn M Arch) Richard Samuel Shank (U.Va. BS Arch 1968) Cornelius David Sides Jr. (NC State BA 1956)

David S. Solomon (Cornell B Arch 1974, Harvard M Arch 1975) Daphne Gay Spain 1949- (UNC BA Soc 1972, Massachusetts MA Soc 1974, Massachusetts PhD Soc 1976) Joseph A. Stein 1912-2001 (Ã&#x2030;cole des Beaux Arts Dipl, Illinois M Arch) Gary K. Stonebraker (Illinois B Arch 1959) Allen D. Stovall (Georgia BLA 1959, Penn MLA 1968) FASLA Lowell M. Stroom (Minnesota B Arch 1959, MIT MP 1961) Kenzo Tange 1913-2005 (Tokyo Arch) James Speed Tuley 1930-1994 (NC State B Arch 1956) FAIA Terry Madison Turner Dell Upton (Colgate BA 1970, Brown MA 1975, Brown PhD 1980) M. Ali Uyanik (Middle East Tech Univ Ankara B Arch 1963, Middle East Tech Univ Ankara M Arch 1966, Penn M Arch 1967) Mario di Valmarana 1929-2010 (Venice Dott Arch, Columbia Grad Studies) Theo van Groll 1939- (A-Lyceum Netherlands Dipl 1958, Wisconsin BA German & Art 1966, North Carolina M Regional Planning 1968) Edwin Michael Vergason (U.Va. BS Arch 1972, U.Va. MLA 1976) FASLA, FAAR Robert Lee Vickery Jr. 1932- (Missouri BA Journalism 1954, Washington B Arch 1960) FAIA Terrence Wakeman (Wisconsin BS Econ 1965, Wisconsin MS Water Resources Mgt 1967) Peter David Waldman 1943- (Princeton BA Arch 1965, Princeton MFA Arch 1967) FAAR Winston R. Weisman 1909-1997 (Ohio BA Art Hist & Journalism 1932, NYU MA Art History 1936, Ohio State PhD Art Hist & Studio Art 1942) Charles K. Whitescarver Jr. (VPI BS ME 1949) FACEC Dora L. Wiebenson 1926- (Vassar BA 1946, Harvard M Arch 1951, NYU MA 1958, NYU PhD 1964) Victor H. Wilburn Norman Williams Jr., Esq. (Yale BA 1938, Yale LLB 1943) Richard Guy Wilson 1940- (Colorado BA1963, Michigan MA 1968, Michigan PhD 1972) Ira Winarsky (Kansas B Arch 1965, Temple MFA Sculpture 1968) Ronald R. Workman (Concord BA Pol Sc 1964, VPI MP 1969) John Vincent Yanik (Lawrence Tech BS Arch Eng 1954, Yale B Arch 1963) Cengiz Yetken (Middle East Tech Univ Ankara B Arch 1963, Middle East Tech

Univ Ankara M Arch 1964, Penn M Arch 1966) Barry Neil Zarakov (UC Riverside BA Art Hist 1974, UC Santa Barbara MA Art Hist 1977) Lev Zetlin 1918-1992 (Dipl CE, Cornell M CE 1951, Cornell PhD 1953) Merete Mattern Zimmermann Staff under Joseph Norwood Bosserman (partial list) Joan Marie Frankhouser Baxter Susan Calman Bates Mary C. Dunnigan Kermit Link Jack Robertson

JAQUELIN TAYLOR ROBERTSON 1933(U.Va. TENURE 1980-1987) TJ Medalists 1987 · Dan Kiley 1912-2004 (Harvard), Charlotte, Vermont 1986 · James Stirling 1926-1992 (Liverpool), London, England 1985 · Leon Krier 1946- (Stuttgart), London, England 1984 · H.H The Aga Khan IV 1936- (Harvard Islamic Hist 1959), Gouvieux, France 1983 · Robert Venturi 1925- (Princeton B Arch, Princeton MFA 1950), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1982 · Vincent Joseph Scully 1920- (Yale B, Yale M, Yale Art Hist PhD), New Haven, Connecticut 1981 · Edward Larrabee Barnes 1915-2004 (Harvard B Engl & Art Hist, Harvard M Arch 1942), New York, New York TJ Professors 1987 · Dan Kiley 1912-2004 (Harvard), Charlotte, Vermont 1986 · Michael Dennis (Texas 1959, Oregon B Arch 1962), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1986 · H.H.P. Van Ginkel 1920-2009 (Elkerlyc Academy of Architecture and Applied Art), Toronto, Canada 1985 · Edward Logue 1921-2000 (Yale 1942, Yale Law 1947), Lincoln, Massachusetts 1985 · Demetri Porphyrios 1948- (MA, Princeton M Arch 1980, Princeton PhD), London, England 1984 · Joseph R. Passonneau, Washington, D.C. 1984 · Colin Rowe 1920-1999 (Warburg Inst MA1945), Ithaca, New York 1983 · Leon Krier 1946- (Stuttgart), London, England 1982 · Barton Myers 1934- (Penn M Arch), Toronto, Canada 1981 · Robert B. Marquis 1927-1995, San Francisco, California

1981 Â· Edward Larrabee Barnes 1915-2004 (Harvard B Engl & Art Hist, Harvard M Arch 1942), New York, New York Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List Cynthia Louise Barga-Fink (Cincinnati BS Envir Plan 1977, U.Va. MLA 1983) John Beardsley (Harvard BA FA, U.Va. MFA 1985, U.Va. PhD FA) Richard J. Becherer (Rice BA French, FA, Art History 1974, Rice B Arch 1974, Cornell MA 1977, Cornell PhD 1980) Margaret W. Bemiss (Yale BA Art 1975, Columbia M Arch 1980) Roxanne S. Brouse (Wisconsin Milwaukee BA Pol Sc, U.Va. MLA 1983) Charles E. Brownell 1943- (Delaware MA 1969, Columbia M Phi 1975, Columbia PhD 1976) Robert S. Buford Jr. (Yale BA English 1967, Columbia M Arch 1974) Philip J. Bushman (U.Va. BS Arch 1977, U.Va. M Arch 1983) Mark E. Cigolle (Princeton AB 1971, Princeton M Arch 1973) Alan H. Colquhoun 1921- (AA London, Dipl Arch 1947) Bruce H. Collins (Cal Poly San Luis B Arch 1978, Illinois M Arch 1980) Roger G. Courtenay (Guelph BA 1976, Guelph BLA 1976, Harvard MLA 1980) FASLA Frank D. Cox Jr. (U.Va. BS CE, U.Va. MP 1972) Roger Dixon 1935- (Cambridge BA 1958, Cambridge MA 1962, Courtauld Inst of Art PhD 1976) Joanna Dougherty (RISD BFA 1974, RISD BLA 1975, Cornell MLA 1984) FAAR Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Driskill (U.Va. BS Arch 1979, Columbia M Arch 1981) Andres M. Duany (Princeton B Arch 1971, Yale M Arch 1974) Ellen B. Dunham-Jones 1959- (Princeton AB Arch 1980, Princeton M Arch 1983) Charles R. Edwards (Tennessee BS EE 1963) Richard A. Etlin (Princeton BA 1969, Princeton M Arch 1972, Princeton PhD Arch Hist 1978) FAAR Edward Robert Ford 1947- (Washington BS 1971, Washington M Arch 1972) William T. Frazier (U.Va. Pol Sc 1972, U.Va. MP 1974, U.Va. M ArH 1976) Marta V. Goldsmith (Indiana BA Soc 1973, Harvard MP 1976) Robert E. Grese 1955- (Georgia BLA 1978, Wisconsin MSLA 1984) Daniel H. Grogan (U.Va. BA Gov & For Aff 1976) Curtis J. Haymore (UC Santa Barbara BA Econ 1974, U.Va. MP 1978)

Marlene Elizabeth Heck (Texas BA History, U.Va. M ArH 1977, Penn M ArH 1988, Penn PhD ArH 1988) James L. Heesom (Cambridge BA, Cambridge MA 1968) Jorge L. Hernandez 1956- (Miami B Arch 1980, U.Va. M Arch 1984) Patrick G. Hodgkinson (AA Dipl Arch 1956) Graham S. Hood 1936- (Oxford MA Hist) James Murray Howard 1947-2007 (Auburn B Arch 1971, Illinois M Arch 1977, Illinois PhD ArH 1982) FAIA Yunsheng Huang 1942- (Tsinghua Dipl Arch 1968, Academia Sinica MS 1981, Princeton MA 1983, Princeton PhD 1986) William Q. Hubbard Jr. (U.Va. BS Arch 1970, MIT M Arch) Judith S. Hull 1949- (SUNY Binghamton Harpur College BA Lit 1971, Massachusetts Amherst MA 1975, Columbia M Phil 1979, Columbia PhD Hist & Archaeology 1987) Jane Johnson Jacobs (NC State BLA 1974, Cornell MLA 1976) Nansueli Jorg (Federal Insti of Tech Dipl Arch 1967) James R. Klein (Vermont BS Agr 1978, Oregon BLA 1979, Oregon MLA 1980) James A. Kushner, Esq. (Miami BBA Finance & Econ 1967, Maryland JD 1968) Reyhan T. Larimer (Sweet Briar BA 1962, NC State B Arch 1966) W. Jude LeBlanc (Houston B Arch 1980, Harvard M Arch 1982) S. Gregory Lipton (Michigan BS Ind Eng 1968, Michigan MP 1973, Michigan PhD RP 1974) Georgia A. Lovett (Emory BA Soc 1973, MIT MP 1975) William J. MacDonald (Syracuse B Arch, Columbia MS Arch) Isaiah Gutman Martin III (Princeton B Arch 1970, Princeton M Arch 1972) Robert B. McKee (U.Va. BSCE 1970, U.Va. MLA 1978) John Meder (Cooper Union B Arch 1979, Harvard M Arch 1981) R. Peter Mooz (Wesleyan BA 1962, Boston MA Art Hist 1964, Penn PhD Art Hist 1970) James Morganstern 1936- (Williams BA Hist 1958, NYU MA Art Hist 1964, NYU PhD Art Hist 1973) Kenneth R. Parrish (Purdue BSME 1980) Neal T. Payton (Carnegie Mellon B Arch 1978, Syracuse M Arch 1980) Lucia Bradford Phinney (New College B Arch, U.Va. M Arch 1979, U.Va. MLA 2003) Donald E. Priest (Stanford BA Political Science 1953, Berkeley MP 1962) Bethany J. Christenson Puopolo (Franklin College Switz 1975, Minnesota BA Art & Arch Hist 1978, U.Va. M Arch 1985) Constance Werner Ramirez (Wheaton BA Art Hist 1961, Yale MP 1964, Cornell PhD 1968) William D. Rieley (Empire State BS 1977, U.Va. MLA 1980) Edward M. Risse, Esq. (Montana BA Math 1961, Berleley JD LLB Law & CP 1965) Peter G. Rolland (Delaware Valley College BS 1952, Harvard MLA 1955) FASLA, FAAR Kenneth A. Schwartz 1956- (Cornell B Arch 1979, Cornell M Arch 1983)

Ellen Phillips Soroka (Cooper Union, MIT M Arch 1978) FAAR Barry W. Starke (Berkeley LA 1967) FASLA Carl F. Steinitz (Cornell B Arch 1959, AA London 1960, MIT M Arch 1961, MIT PhD CP 1967) Lawrence E. Susskind (Columbia BA Soc 1968, MIT MP 1970, MIT PhD Urb Stud & Plan 1973) Nancy Ann Takahashi 1954- (U.Va. BS LAR 1976, U.Va. M Arch 1985, U.Va. MLA 1985) David A. Tice (VPI BS 1974) M. Kirk Train (Georgia Tech BS Arch 1975, Yale M Arch 1978) Roger Trancik 1943- (Michigan State BSLA, Harvard MLA) FASLA Robert W. Tucker Jr. (Georgia BS Geog 1970, Mississippi MP 1972) Derek E. Tynan (University College Dublin B Arch 1977, Cornell M Arch 1981) Robert Jan van Pelt 1955- (University of Leiden Holland, PhD 1979, Warburg Institute and Leiden University D Lit 1983) Kurt M. Wassenaar (Michigan B Arch 1974) J. Marvin Watson, Esq. (Dartmouth AB Geology 1963, U.Va. MS Env Sc 1977, Richmond JD 1979) Carroll William Westfall 1937- (California BA 1961, Manchester MA 1963, Columbia PhD 1967) Ortrude S. B. White (Cornell B Arch 1965, UNC MP 1967) John G. Wick (Notre Dame B Arch 1974, U.Va. MLA 1978, Duke MA Forest Ecology 1982, UNC PhD Cultural Geog) Craig R. Zabel 1955- (Wisconsin BA Hist 1977, Illinois AM Art Hist 1979, Illinois PhD Art Hist 1984) Staff under Jaquelin Taylor Robertson David Williams

HARRY W. PORTER JR. 1936-2011 (U.Va. TENURE 1987-1993) TJ Medalists 1994 · Frank O. Gehry 1929- (USC Arch, Harvard Arch), Los Angeles, California 1993 · Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk 1950- (Princeton, Yale) and Andres Duany 1949(Princeton B Arch 1971, Yale M Arch 1974), Miami, Florida

1992 · Aldo Rossi 1931-1997 (Milan Poly Tech), Milan, Italy 1991 · John V. Lindsay 1921-2000 (Yale B Hist, Yale Law 1948), New York, New York 1990 · Fumihiko Maki 1928- (Tokyo, Cranbrook Arch, Harvard Arch), Tokyo, Japan 1989 · Paul Mellon 1907-1999 (Yale, Cambridge), Upperville, Virginia 1988 · Romaldo Giurgola 1920- (Rome BA, Columbia MA), New York, New York TJ Professors 1994 · Adele Naude Santos 1938- (Dipl AA London 1962, Harvard M Arch 1962, Penn MP 1968), San Diego, California 1993 · Laurie Olin 1938- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1992 · Rodolfo Machado 1942- (Buenos Aires Arch 1967, Berkeley M Arch 1971, Berkeley Arch Theory PhD 1973), Boston, Massachusetts 1991 · Kenneth Frampton 1930- (AA Dipl Arch 1956, AA Dipl 1956, Waterloo Honorary PhD 1995), New York, New York 1990 · Tod Williams 1943- (Cambridge, Princeton MFA 1967), New York, New York 1989 · Henry H. Smith-Miller (Princeton AB, Penn M Arch 1966), New York, New York Harry Shure Visiting Professorship in Architecture 1993-1994 Robert Mangurian 1992-1993 Amy Weinstein (Penn BA 1974, Penn M Arch 1976) FAIA 1991-1992 Merrill Elam (Georgia Tech B Arch 1971, Georgia Tech MBA 1982) 1990-1991 Rudy Hunziker 1946- (Lugano Tech Univ Dipl Arch 1972) 1989-1990 Peter David Waldman (Princeton BA, Princeton MFA Arch 1969) 1988-1989 Anthony (Tony) M. Ames (GA Tech B Arch 1968, Harvard M Arch 1978) FAIA 1987-1988 Demetri Porphyrios 1948- (Princeton M Arch, Princeton PhD) Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List: Brian Delford Andrews 1962- (Tulane B Arch 1985, Princeton M Arch 1989) Joseph J. Atkins (U.Va. BS Arch 1988, U.Va. M Arch 1992) Elliott LeRoi Barnes (Cornell B Arch 1983, Cornell M Arch 1985) Craig E. Barton 1955- (Brown AB 1978, Sch of Vis Arts BFA 1978, Columbia M Arch 1985) Timothy Beatley 1957- (U.Va. BP 1979, Oregon MUP 1981, UNC MA Pol Sc 1984, UNC PhD CRP 1986) Robert W. Berger (Columbia BS 1959, Harvard MA 1960, Harvard FA PhD) Gregg David Bleam 1954- (Drake Graph Arts 1972-1973, Iowa State BSLA 1977, Harvard MLA 1984) FASLA Reinaldo Borges (Florida BA Design 1985, Miami B Arch 1987, NC State M Arch 1991) Jeff Bushman (U.Va. BS Arch 1977, U.Va. M Arch 1984) David W. Carr Jr., Esq. (Princeton AB 1977, U.Va. JD 1983) Nancy N. Chambers (Miami BA Env Des 1984, U.Va. M Arch 1988) Walter F. Chatham (Maryland B Arch 1978) Robert W. Collin, Esq. (Buffalo State BA Soc Sc 1975-1978, Union JD 1981, Columbia MS

Soc Work 1983, Columbia MSUP 1983, Missouri M Law in Land Use 1984) Errol Cowan 1942- (San Mateo AA 1960, San Jose State BS 1963, Berkley MBA 1969, Berkley PhD 1973) Maurice D. Cox 1959- (Cooper Union B Arch 1983) E. Franklin Dukes 1951- (U.Va. BA 1975, George Mason MS 1988, George Mason PhD 1992) James Russell Duxbury (Florida B Design 1988, U.Va. M Arch 1993) Brian Healy (Penn State BA Arch 1978, Yale M Arch 1981) FAAR Katherine L. Imhoff (U.Va. BP 1980, U.Va. MP 1986) John F. James (U.Va. College 1970, U.Va. MLA 1983) Valentine U. James (Tusculum College Rome AA 1976, Tusculum College BS Biology 1979, Governors State University MA Env Sc 1981, Texas A&M PhD ) Walker C. Johnson (Wisconsin BS Hist 1958, Illinois B Arch 1966) FAIA, FAPT Ann Starling Anderson Keene (VCU BFA 1982, U.Va. M Arch 1989) Joanne E. Kennedy (U.Va. BS Arch 1987, Princeton M Arch 1990, Northwestern MBA 1997) Judith A. Kinnard 1954- (Cornell B Arch 1977) FAIA John R. Kirk (Georgia Tech BS 1982, U.Va. M Arch 1988, Ã&#x2030;cole des Beaux Arts in Paris) Grace R. Kobayashi (Cornell B Arch 1982, Harvard M Arch 1986) FAAR Wendeline Lathrop (Barnard, Columbia B Arch 1985, U.Va. M Arch 1990) Peter B. MacKeith 1959- (BA Engl 1981, Yale M Arch 1985) Earl Mark 1953- (SUNY BA Math & Arch, New Mexico M Arch 1980, MIT MS Media Tech 1985, Harvard PhD Arch 1993) Antonio Martinez (U.Va. B Arch 1988, U.Va. M Arch 1990) Kirk Martini 1958- (Berkeley BA 1980, Berkeley M Arch 1982, Berkeley MS Struct Engr 1982, Berkeley PhD Struct Engr 1990) Robert M. McAnulty III (U.Va. M Arch 1978) Robert M. McGinnis (JMU BFA 1978, California Inst of Arts 1982, U.Va. MLA 1987) Charles Menefee III (Carnegie Mellon B Arch 1977) Elizabeth Kathryn Meyer 1956- (U.Va. BLA 1978, U.Va. MLA 1982, Cornell MA Hist Pres 1983) FASLA Barbara Burlison Mooney (Missouri BA Art Hist 1975, Illinois MA Art Hist 1980, Illinois PhD Art Hist 1991) Kevin D. Murphy 1960- (Swarthmore BA 1982, Boston MA 1985, Northwestern

PhD 1992) Kathryn Beryl Nesbitt 1957- (U.Va. BP 1979, Yale M Arch 1988) Joe F. Pryse (Kentucky B Arch 1979, U.Va. M Arch 1987) David L. Puckett (Kentucky B Arch 1978, U.Va. M Arch 1990) Lisa A. Reilly 1957- (Vassar BA 1978, York MA 1980, NYU PhD 1991) Shawn Lonnie Rickenbacker (Syracuse B Arch 1988, U.Va. M Arch 1994) Elissa Beth Rosenberg 1955- (Toronto BA 1976, Cornell MLA 1982) Mark M. Schimmenti 1951- (Florida B UD 1978, Florida M Arch 1980) FAAR William Howland Sherman 1955- (Princeton AB Arch 1977, Yale M Arch 1982) Timothy Luke Stenson (U.Va. BS Arch 1981, U.Va. M Arch 1989) Michael A. Stern 1954- (Grinnell BA Anthropology, Harvard MLA 1984) Daniel J. Stuver (VPI B Arch 1984) Clemente di Thiene -2012 (Venice Dott Arch 1965) de Teel Pattterson Tiller (U.Va. BA 1970, U.Va. M ArH 1977, Goucher honorary DHL 2003) Robert E. Troxell (Delaware BA Engl 1970, U.Va. M Arch 1976) Terry W. Vaughn (Vassar BA Math 1963, Penn M Arch 1966) Edwin Michael Vergason (U.Va. BS Arch 1972, U.Va. MLA 1976) FASLA, FAAR Mary B. Warinner (U.Va. BFA & Biology1976, U.Va. MLA 1980) Laura Weiss (Cornell B Arch 1986, Yale M Arch 1988, MIT MBA) A. Camille Wells (Wake Forest BA 1974, U.Va. M ArH 1976, W&M PhD 1994) Terrance R. Williams (Oregon B Arch 1965, Cornell M Arch 1969) FAIA Beth Ann Worell (Kentucky B Arch, Harvard M Arch) Adam Yarinsky 1962- (U.Va. BS Arch 1984, Princeton M Arch 1987) Staff under Harry W. Porter Jr. John Arthur Alexander F. H. Boyd Coons Douglas C. McVarish Stephen H. Pavy Abigail Reed Heather M. Thomas

WILLIAM A. MCDONOUGH 1951(U.Va. TENURE 1994-1999) TJ Medalists 1999 · Lord Richard Rogers 1933- (AA Arch 1954, Yale, M Arch), London, England 1998 · Jaquelin T. Robertson 1933- (Yale BA Politics 1955, Oxford University Rhodes Scholar BA Philosophy & Economics 1957, Yale M Arch 1961), New York, New York 1997 · Jaime Lerner 1937- (Escola de Arquitetura Parana Fed Univ), Curitiba, Brazil

1996 · Jane Jacobs 1916-2006 (Columbia), Toronto, Canada 1995 · Ian L. McHarg 1920-2001 (Harvard LAR & UP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania TJ Professors 1999 · William John Mitchell 1944-2010 (Melbourne Arch 1967, Yale MA Envr Des 1969, Cambridge M Arch 1977), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1998 · Glenn Murcutt 1936- (Sydney Tech Arch 1961), Sydney, Australia 1997 · Michael Graves 1934- (Cincinnati BA, Harvard MA, Honorary PhD) FAIA, FAAR, Princeton, New Jersey 1996 · Vincent Scully 1920- (Yale Art Hist PhD), New Haven, Connecticut 1995 · Werner Seligmann 1930-1998 (Cornell B Arch 1955, Technische Hochsschule 1959) FAAR, Syracuse, New York Harry Shure Visiting Professorships in Architecture 1998-1999 Charles Rose and Mary Ann Thompson 1997-1998 Samuel Mockbee 1944-2001 1996-1997 Adele Naude Santos 1938- (Dipl AA London1962, Harvard M Arch 1962, Penn MP 1968) FAIA 1995-1996 Frank Eugene Kupper 1939- (Berkeley B Arch 1966, Yale M Arch 1967) 1994-1995 Andrea P. Leers (Wellesley BA Art Hist 1964, Penn M Arch 1966) Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List David Holt Ackerman 1964- (Princeton AB Arch 1986, U.Va. M Arch 1992) Julie L. Bargmann 1958- (Carnegie Mellon BFA Sculpture 1980, Harvard MLA 1987) FAAR Daniel Bluestone 1953- (Harvard BA 1975, Chicago PhD 1984) Carrie Meinberg Burke 1957- (VPI B Arch 1981, Yale M Arch 1991, AA London) Diane Marie Dale, Esq. 1953- (SUNY Syracuse BLA 1978, Penn MLA 1980, U.Va. JD 1998) FASLA Christopher James Fannin 1962- (Cornell BA Art Hist & Africana Studies 1985, RISD BFA 1988, RISD BLA 1989, Harvard MLA 1995) Steven T. Fong (Cornell B Arch, Cornell M Arch) James Edward Gahres 1959- (Gettysburg BA Soc & Anthro 1981, U.Va. MP 1983) Giovanna O. Galfione 1953- (Florence B Arch 1977)

Harry E. Gregori Jr. (Penn State BS Comm Dev 1973, Penn State MRP 1975, VCU MPA 1993) Laura Anne Heim (U.Va. BS Arch 1981) Jeffrey Scott Hildner 1953- (Princeton BA Arch 1975, Princeton M Arch 1981) Catherine Alison Hill 1963- (Cornell BA Anthro 1985, Cornell MA CP 1987, Rutgers PhD UP 1998) Janet Ophelia Kilby 1952- (Duke BS Botany 1974, Duke MEM Resource Mgt 1976) Alexander Kitchin (U.Va. BA Amer Lit 1987, Southern Cal Inst Tech M Arch 1994) FAAR Patricia C. Kucker 1959- (Penn State BS Arch 1981, Penn State B Arch 1982, Penn M Arch 1983) Celia Liu 1962- (Mt Holyoke BA Studio Art 1988, Tulane MFA Painting 1990, U.Va. M Arch 1996) Jenny Victoria Lovell 1967- (Manchester BA Arch 1990, Bartlett Dipl Arch 1995) Fraser D. Nieman 1951- (Brown AC Phil 1974, Yale M Phil 1981, Yale PhD Anthro 1990) Ayse Pamuk 1962- (Middle East Tech University BP 1984, Aegean University MS Comp Sc 1987, Berkeley MP 1989, Berkeley PhD 1994) Kathryn Anne Poole 1962- (Clemson BA Arch 1980, Harvard MLA) Wendeleine Harriet Redfield (Barnard BA 1985, U.Va. M Arch 1990) Richard Rosa (Syracuse B Arch 1987, Harvard M Arch 1993) FAAR Kim C. Sexton (Binghamton BA 1984, Yale PhD Art Hist 1998) Scott Francis Smith (Rochester Inst of Tech BFA Photography 1983, U.Va. M Arch 1994) Evelyn Tickle (Auburn BA 1988, S Cal Inst of Tech M Arch 1994) FAAR Alan Tobias (U.Va. Sociology 1979, UNC MURP 1981) Elizabeth Watson (Wake Forest BA Hist 1974, Penn State MRP 1981) Jodie L. Webber (U.Va. BS LAR 1978) Ellen M. Whittemore (RISD BFA 1975, RISD B Arch 1976, Harvard M Arch) Staff under William A. McDonough Patty DeCourcy Gordon (Toby) Malcolm Emert Jr. Eric M. Field Elizabeth Boyce Fortune Mary (Mare) Hunter Susan M. Ketron Caroline Meta Kurrus Robert W. Lasher Sharon McDonald Moji E. Olaniyan, Esq.

Nancy T. Paulson Mark Presnell Jake Thackston John Vigour

KAREN VAN LENGEN 1951(U.Va. TENURE 1999-2009) TJ Medalists 2009 · Robert Irwin 1928-, San Diego, California 2008 · Gro Harlem Brundtland 1939-, Oslo, Norway 2007 · Zaha Hadid 1950-, London, England 2006 · Peter Zumthor 1943-, Haldenstein, Switzerland 2005 · Shigeru Ban 1957- (S Cal, Cooper Union), Tokyo, Japan 2004 · Peter Walker 1932- (Berkeley 1955, Harvard LA), Berkeley, California 2003 · Tod Williams 1943- (Cambridge, Princeton MFA 1967) and Billie Tsien 1949(Yale FA, UCLA M Arch 1977), New York, New York 2002 · James Turrell 1943- (Pomona Psyc, CA & Claremont Sculpture), Flagstaff, Arizona 2001 · Glenn Murcutt 1936- (Sydney Tech), Sydney, Australia 2000 · Daniel Patrick Moynihan 1927-2003, New York, New York TJ Professors 2008 · Kathryn Moore, Birmingham, United Kingdom 2007 · Elias Torres 1944- (Escola Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain 2006 · Robert L. Pressey, Perth, Australia 2005 · Edwin Michael Vergason (U.Va. BS Arch 1972, U.Va. MLA 1976), Alexandria, Virginia 2004 · Tod Williams 1943- (Cambridge, Princeton MFA 1967) and Billie Tsien 1949(Yale FA, UCLA M Arch 1977) New York, New York 2003 · Rick Mather 1937- (Oregon B Arch 1961), London, England 2002 · Juhani Pallasmaa 1936- (Helsinki Tech Dipl Arch 1966), Helsinki, Finland 2001 · William P. Bruder (Wisconsin-Milwaukee BFA Sculpture), Phoenix, Arizona 2000 · William Morrish 1948- (California B Arch 1971, Harvard M Arch UD 1978), Minneapolis, Minnesota

Harry Shure Visiting Professorship in Architecture 2008-2009 Bryan Bell 1959- (Princeton BA Arch Hist 1983, Yale M Arch 1988) 2007-2008 Simon Allford 1961- (Sheffield, Barlett) and Paul Monaghan 1962- (Sheffield 1983, Bartlett) 2006-2007 Louisa Hutton 1957- (AA London) and Matthias Sauerbruch 1955- (AA London) 2005-2006 Michael Rotondi 1949- (CalPoly 1968-1971, S Cal Inst of Arch 1973) FAIA 2004-2005 Lise Anne Couture 1959- (Carleton B Arch 1983, Yale M Arch 1986) 2003-2004 Gregg Pasquarelli 1965- (Villanova BS Accounting 1987, Columbia M Arch 1994) 2002-2003 Kathryn Dean (ND State BA Arch Syudies 1981, Oregon M Arch 1983) FAAR and Charles Wolf (Washington BA 1979, Oregon M Arch 1983) 2001-2002 Adam Yarinsky c1963- (U.Va. BS Arch 1984, Princeton M Arch) and Stephen Cassell 1963- (Princeton B Arch, Harvard M Arch) 2000-2001 Juan Frano Violich 1957- (UC Irvine Studio Art 1977, Berkeley B Arch 1980, Harvard M Arch 1984) FAIA and Sheila Kennedy (Wesleyan B, Ecole National SupĂŠrieure des Beaux Arts in Paris, Harvard M Arch) 1999-2000 William Daryl Williams 1965- (Houston B Arch 1989, Harvard M Arch 1991) Harry W. Porter Chair Distinguished Visiting Professorship 2004 Dr. Diana Balmori (Tucuman Argentina, California Los Angeles PhD, Radcliffe LAR) 2007 Stephen Cassell 1963- (Princeton B Arch, Harvard M Arch) 2007-2008 Dr. Peter Newman 1945- (Washington BS Chem, Washington PhD Chem 1972, Delft Dip ES&T Env Sc 1973) Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List Dean Abernathy (Cal Poly B Arch, California M Arch, California PhD) Amy Ransom Arnold (VCU BFA Metal & Wood Working 1977, Washington MFA Sculpture 1982, U.Va. MLA 1996) Jose Anatalio Atienza (U.Va. BS Arch 1995, Princeton M Arch 2000) Lisa C. Henry Benham (U.Va. BS Arch 1991, Harvard M Arch 1996) C. Pam Black (Washington BFA 1976, Pratt MFA 1979) Nisha H. Botchwey (AB Harvard 1997, Penn MP 1999, Penn PhD 2003) Michael A. Bowers Cammy Rebecca Brothers 1969- (Harvard & Radcliffe BA 1991, University of London MA 1992, Harvard PhD 1999) FAAR C. Allan Brown (U.Va. MLA 1987) David Browne Carol Burns 1954- (Bryn Mawr BA, Yale BA, Yale M Arch) FAIA C. Colston Burrell (VPI Botany & Horticulture BS 1978, Maryland BS Horticulture 1986,

Minnesota MLA 1995) Anselmo Gianluca Canfora 1968- (Illinois BS AS 1990, Michigan M Arch 1996) Susan A. Carpenter (U.Va. BS Arch 1998, U.Va. M Arch 2001) Ethan Carr 1958- (Columbia BA Art History & Archaeology 1981, Columbia MA Art History & Archaeology 1983, Harvard MLA 1991, Edinburgh College of Art PhD LAR 2006) FASLA Tina Cheng (U.Va. BS Arch 2007, U.Va. M Arch 2011) Wayne Cilimberg (VPI BA Urban Affairs 1976, VPI MURP 1981) Tanya Lee Denckla Cobb 1956- (Smith BA Govt 1978) Chris T. Cornelius (Wisconsin BS Arch Stud 1996, U.Va. M Arch 2000) Christopher Counts (Georgia BLA 1998, Harvard MLA 2001) FAAR Sheila Crane 1968- (Smith BA 1990, Northwestern MLA 1995, Northwestern PhD 2001) Phoebe Crisman 1962- (Carnegie Mellon B Arch 1984, Harvard M Arch UD 1991) Robert E. Crowell (U.Va. BSME 1981) Diane Marie Dale, Esq. (SUNY Syracuse BLA 1978, Penn MLA 1980, U.Va. JD 1998) Charles Denny Georges Marie-Bernard Descombes 1939- (Geneva BLA 1969, AA London MLA 1973) Robert DeVoursney Jack Douglas (Georgia BLA 1969, Harvard MLA 1979) Elaine Echols (Texas BA Geog & Hist 1980, Texas A&M MURP 1982) Clifton Coxe Ellis (Carson Newman BA French & Hist 1978, Tennessee MA Amer Hist 1982, U.Va. M ArH 1995, U.Va. PhD ArH 2000) Burak Erdim (U.Va. M ArH 2004, U.Va. M Arch 2005, U.Va. Art & ArH PhD) Karen Elizabeth Firehock (Maryland BS Nat Resources Mgt, U.Va. MP 1999) Nataly Gattegno 1977- (Cambridge MA 1995, Princeton M Arch 2002) Bruce Christopher Glavovic (Natal BSc, U.Va. MP 1994, U.Va. Gr A&S 2000, U.Va. PhD) Kenrick Ian Grandison (Michigan BS Forestry 1985, Michigan MLA 1990) Claudette Theresa Grant (Connecticut BA 1987, U.Va. MP 1991) Jervis Cardell Hairston 1955- (Lenoir-Rhyne BA Soc 1977, U.Va. MP 1979) Erin Rebecca Hannegan (U.Va. BS Arch 2002, U.Va. M Arch 2008) Richard C. Hawthorne (U.Va. B CE 1968, VPI MS CE 1973) Christopher Hays (NC State BED 1976, Yale M Arch 1984)

Milton Herd (Florida B Des 1973, Florida M Arch 1977) Kristina Elizabeth Hill 1964- (Tufts BS Geology 1985, Harvard MLA 1990, Harvard PhD 1997) Lance Eugene Hosey 1969- (Columbia B Arch 1987, Yale M Arch 1990) Sanda D. Iliescu 1959- (Princeton BS CE 1982, Princeton M Arch 1986) FAAR Kathleen John-Alder (Oberlin BA Biology 1975, Penn State MS Botany 1978, Rutgers BS LAR 1991, Yale MED 2008) Jason Kelly Johnson 1973- (U.Va. BS Arch 1996, Princeton M Arch 2001) Theodore Mead Jones (Arkansas B Arch 1990, U.Va. M Arch 1997) Gerry M. Kasarda 1950- (St Mary of Woods BA Drama, Catholic MFA Acting) Casimer C. Kawecki (Colorado BA Economics, U.Va. M Arch 2001, Carnegie Mellon MBA) Hana Kim-Lee (U.Va. BS Arch 2002, U.Va. M Arch 2008) Lucille Gary Chenery Lanier (U.Va. College 1976, U.Va. MLA 1980) FASLA Carl R. Lounsbury (UNC BA Engl 1974, George Washington MA Amer Hist 1977, George Washington PhD Amer Studies 1983) John V. Maciuika (Penn BA European History 1987, Berkeley PhD Arch 1998) Shelly Smith Mastran 1943- (Vassar BA Engl 1965, GW MA Geog, Maryland PhD Geog) Miranda Lavinder Maupin 1968- (UC Santa Barbara BA Engl 1989, Washington MLA 1999) John M. Maze (U.Va. BS Arch 1991, Arizona State M Arch 1996) Noreen McDonald (Harvard AB 1995, Berkeley MP 2000, Berkeley MS 2000, Berkeley PhD 2005) Travis C. McDonald Jr. (Texas BA Amer Hist 1974, U.Va. M ArH 1980) David Meyer Karolin Moellmann (Technischen Universitat Dipl 2005) Paul Monaghan 1962- (Sheffield 1983, Bartlett) Nicholas A. de Monchaux (Yale BA 1995, Princeton M Arch 1999) Suzanne Moomaw (Alabama BA Pol Sci 1973, Alabama MA Educ 1976, Alabama PhD Educ 1982) John Nicholas Napoli 1972- (Duke BA Art Hist 1994, Washington MA Art Hist 1997, Princeton PhD Art Hist 2003) Louis Perry Nelson 1968- (W&M BA FA 1990, Delaware MA 1998, Delaware PhD 2001) Cecilia Hernandez Nichols (Penn BA, Berkeley M Arch) Peter Joseph Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Shea (Bates BA FA 1988, U.Va. MLA 1993) FAAR Michael Petrus (Carnegie Mellon B Arch 1987, Harvard MAUP 1997) Matthew Pickner (SCI-Arc B Arch 1985, Columbia MS Building Design1989) Oliver (Trip) Pollard, Esq. (U.Va. BA, U.Va. MA, U.Va. Law) Jeffrey Alexander Ponitz 1980- (Michigan BS Arch 2002, Michigan M Arch 2004, U.Va. M Arch 2008) Richard Price (Ball State BS 1980, Ball State B Arch 1980, Harvard M Des Stud 1984) John David Quale 1964- (American BA, U.Va. M Arch 1993)

Azadeh Rashidi (U.Va. BS Arch 1995, U.Va. M Arch 2000) David Rifkind (BAC B Arch 1992, McGill M Arch 1997, Columbia, M Phil 2001) Jeana Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Agostino Ripple 1979- (Notre Dame BS CS Engineering 2001, Michigan M Arch 2006) Elizabeth L. Roettger (U.Va. BS Arch 1977, U.Va. M Arch 2000) Rosana Rubio-Hernandez 1973- (Columbia MS Arch Des 2008, ESTA de Madrid PhD) Anne Russell 1967- (Penn BA Des 1989, U.Va. MLA 1995) Mark D. Rylander (U.Va. BS Arch 1980, Yale M Arch 1985) Matthias Sauerbruch (AA London) John Scrivani (Florida State MSP, Clemson MS, Oregon State PhD) Jaymie Louis (Brad) Sheffield (U.Va. BP 2000, U.Va. MP 2001) Jorg D. Sieweke (Essen Dipl-Ing LAR 1996, Berlin Sch of Art M Arch 2001) Katherine (Kay) Ewing Slaughter, Esq. 1939- (UNC Chapel Hill BA Engl 1961, U.Va. JD 1986) David Slutzky, Esq. (Beloit 1973-1975, Chicago BA Pol Phil 1977, IIT JD 1987) Amanda Spicuzzi (Wisconsin Milwaukee B Arch 1999, Michigan M Arch 2003) Jennifer A. Trompetter 1973- (UC Santa Narbara BA Art & Arch, U.Va. MLA 2002) Jared M. Ulmer (U.Va. BS CE 2001, U.Va. MS CE 2003, U.Va. MP 2004) Craig P. Verzone (Cornell BS LAR, Harvard MLAUD) FAAR Cecilia Hernandez Villalon Veronica Warnock (Ateneo de Manila AB Econ, Fordham PhD Econ) Michael Wenrich (VPI B Arch 1997, U.Va. M Arch 2006) Dr. Caroline Young Westort 1964- (Bowdoin BS Chem & Engl 1986, Harvard MLA 1993, Zurich PhD Geog 1998) Caroline Kirby Brennan Wilkinson 1978- (Buffalo BA Env Des 2000, U.Va. MP 2002) Frederick A. Wolf (U.Va. BS Arch 1989, U.Va. M Arch 1993) Thomas Lenoir Woltz (U.Va. BS Arch 1990, U.Va. M Arch 1996, U.Va. MLA 1997) FASLA Cristina Woods (Harvard BA, Harvard M Arch) Staff under Karen Van Lengen David Banks Lisa Benton

Warren B. Buford Ellen Margaret Scanlan Cathey Carolyn Esau Leslie Fitzerald Anthony Horning Alice Keys Donna Rose Terrance Sheltra Dick Smith IV Erica Spangler Adela Su Derry Elizabeth Voysey Wade Susan Leigh Wilkerson Kimberly Anne Wong Haggart

KIM TANZER 1955(U.Va. TENURE 2009-2014) TJ Medalists 2010 · Edward O. Wilson 1929- (Alabama BS Bio, Alabama MS Bio, Harvard PhD 1955) 2011 · Maya Lin 1959- (Yale BA 1981, Yale M Arch 1986) 2012 · Rafael Moneo 2013 · Laurie Olin 1938- (U of Washington) 2014 · Toyo Ito TJ Professors 2009 · Unfilled 2010 · Unfilled 2011 · Marlon Blackwell (Auburn B Arch 1980, Syracuse M Arch 1991) Harry Shure Visiting Professorship in Architecture: 2009-2010 · Catherine Seavitt (Cooper Union B Arch, Princeton M Arch) 2010-2011 · Merrill Elam (Georgia Tech B Arch 1971, Georgia State MBA 1982) Harry W. Porter Chair Distinguished Visiting Professorship: 2009-2010 · Stefan Behnisch 1957- (Munich BA Phil & Econ, Karlsruhe M Arch 1987) 2010-2011 · Jaquelin T. Robertson Visiting Professorship in Architecture: 2009-2010 · Vishaan Chakrabarti 1966- (Cornell B Art Hist, Cornell B Engineering, MIT MP 1993, Berkeley M Arch 1996)

2010-2011 Dr. Lionel Devlieger 1972- (Ghent University M Arch & Civil Eng, Ghent Ph.D. Arch) Virginia Teaching Fellow: 2009-2010 & 2010-2011 Michael Leighton Beaman (NC State B Arch 1999, Harvard M Arch 2003) Faculty & Adjunct Instructors List: Iñaki Alday 1965- (Catalonia Tech Arch 1992) Noah Bolton (Pratt BA Ind Des 2005, U.Va. M Arch 2009) Jennifer Cox (Wake Forest BA Anthro 1994, U.Va. MLA 2001) Scot A. French Chloe Hawkins (Oberlin BA Stud Art 2003, U.Va. MLA 2010) Zaneta Hong (RISD BFA Ind Des, Harvard MLA) C. Thomas Hogge (Hampden-Sydney BA Engl Lit &FA 2003, U.Va. M Arch 2009, U.Va. MLA 2009) Guoping Huang (Peking MS LA & Plan, Harvard PhD Design) Andrea Hubbell (Florida BA Arch 2004, U.Va. M Arch 2008) Margarita Jover B. Deniz Çalis Kural (Middle East Tech in Turkey Dipl Arch, Pratt M Arch, Middle East Tech Arch PhD) Nana Last (Carnegie Mellon BA, Harvard M Arch 1986, MIT PhD Arch & Art Hist 1999) Shiqiao Li (Tsinghua BA Arch 1984, AA PhD Arch 1995) Esther Lorenz (Tech Univ Austria Dipl Arch 2002, Tech Univ Vienna PhD candidate) Fátima Olivieri-Martinez (Puerto Rico BA Envr Des 2008, U.Va. M Arch 2010) Adalie Pierce-McManamon (U.Va. BA Envr Sc, Anthro & Econ 2002, Harvard MLA 2007) Erin Putalik (Brown BA Vis Arts & Arch Stud 2002, Michigan M Arch 2011) Julian Raxworthy (RMIT BLA 1995, RMIT MLA 2002) Brian Richter (San Diego State BA Biology & Journ 1976, Colorado State MS Earth Sc 1983) Montserrat Bonvechí Rosich (Barcelona ETSAB BA Arch 2002, Barcelona ETSAB Final Studio Arch 2004, Barcelona ETSAB PhD 2011)

George W. Sampson (Amherst BA 1973 , Columbia MFA Arts Adm 1985) Alisha Katherine Clark Savage (U.Va. BS Arch 2001, U.Va. M Arch 2005) Katherine Snider (U.Va. BS Arch 2001, Princeton M Arch 2006) Amanda Swanekamp (U.Va. BS Arch 2007, U.Va. M Arch 2011) Kendra Taylor (U.Va. BA Int Stud 1985, Columbia MA Engl 1988, U.Va. MLA 1995) Jana Vandergoot (Notre Dame BA Arch 2001, U.Va. M Arch 2010 Tijana Vujosevic (Yale M Arch, MIT PhD Hist & Theory) William Wuensch (Central Florida BS CE 1992) Lester Yuen (Washington BA Arch 1984, Yale M Arch 1987) Staff under Kim Tanzer Cally Bryant Scott Karr Amanda Gagel Melissa Goldman Allen Lee Georgette Msambo Michael Shipiro Cynthia Smith June Yang