Comparison of the Croatian education system with those of Spain, Turkey and Romania by Violeta Dragut

Comparison of the Croatian education system with those of Spain, Turkey and Romania

Motivating the learning engine to increase student’s school, profesional and social success and reduce absenteeism 2019-1-RO01-KA229-063851 Project financed by the European Union

Author: Dúnia Alemany

“The European Comission is not responsible for any uploaded or submitted content. The content reflects the views only of the European Comission cannot be held responsable for any

use which may be made of the information contained therein”

EDUCATION IN CROATIA EDUCATION IN SPAIN A COMPARISON 1

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SPAIN

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CROACIA

PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN CROACIA

PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN SPAIN

Children may start attending pre-school establishments (nursery schools) as early as at the age of 1. Kindergartens cater to children between 3 and 6 years of age. The last year of pre-school education is considered as a preparatory year before admission to primary school. Pre-school education is not compulsory.

Preschool education is voluntary in Spain until the age of 6 years old. Children may start private nursery school as soon as parents decide. Children may start kindergartens at state schools from the age of 2 years old.

PRIMARY EDUCATION IN CROACIA

PRIMARY EDUCATION IN SPAIN

Primary education is compulsory for children aged 6(7) years. Primary school education lasts eight years divided into two four-year cycles: ● lower primary, with classroom teachers ● upper primary, with subject teachers.

Primary education is compulsory for children aged 6(7) years. They have 5 lessons a day from Monday to Friday. Primary school education lasts six years divided into two three-year cycles: ● lower primary, with classroom teachers ● upper primary, with subject teachers.

SECONDARY EDUCATION IN CROACIA

SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SPAIN

Full-time students enrol in the first form of the secondary school by the age of 15-17 years. Secondary education for full-time students lasts: ● four years in comprehensive secondary schools (gymnasia) and arts schools, which prepare students for further education ● also four years in technical secondary schools ● three years in vocational schools (crafts and industrial schools), mainly preparing for work.

Students enrol in the first form of the secondary school by the age of 13-16 years for 6-7 lessons a day from Monday to Friday. Compulsory Secondary education for full-time students lasts four years.

AFTER SECONDARY EDUCATION IN CROACIA

AFTER SECONDARY EDUCATION IN SPAIN

Upon completion of secondary education, students can continue their studies at the tertiary level in universities, polytechnics and post-secondary vocational colleges. Most higher education institutions offer four-year programmes at the undergraduate level (three-year courses in the case of vocational colleges).

After Compulsory Secondary Education students have 2 possibilities:

With the implementation of the Bologna Process, university programmes will be structured into two levels: 1. three- to four-year bachelor’s degree programmes 2. one- to two-year master’s degree programmes for bachelor’s degree holders.

1. Middle level of specific vocational training studies for 2 years. 2. Higher Secondary education is not compulsory and lasts for 2 years. After completion of one of these, students can continue their studies at university (for four years) or at a Higher Level of Specific training Education for 2 years. At universities the Bologna Process has also been implemented in Spain.

ACADEMIC YEAR AND HOLIDAY PERIODS IN CROACIA

ACADEMIC YEAR AND HOLIDAY PERIODS IN SPAIN

The academic year in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools begins on 1 September and ends on 31 August.

The academic year in pre-primary, primary and secondary schools begins about the September and ends about the 20th of June.

It includes on average 175 teaching days and it is organized into two terms. Pupils have three holidays periods: ● ● ●

from Roman Catholic Christmas to Orthodox Christmas (inclusively); from Roman Catholic Easter to Orthodox Easter from the middle of June until the beginning of September.

Pupils of other denominations have the right to take days off on their religious holidays.

It includes on average 176 teaching days and it is organized into three terms. Pupils have three holidays periods: ● ● ●

from 23rd of December to the 6th of January (inclusively) 12days for Easter from the end of June until the beginning of September.

STATE SCHOOLS IN CROACIA

STATE SCHOOLS IN SPAIN

State schools are financed by the central educational administration, and partly by the regional administration. The central administrative level (Ministry of Science, Education and Sports) provides finances from the national budget for: teachers’ salaries and salaries of other state school staff; expenses related to school activities and needs; the main part of the programmes for building and equipping schools.

Ministry of Education is in charge of: Minimum requirements for schools Establishment of common educational standards

Regional and local administration participates in building and equipping of schools with smaller amounts of finance (20% to 50%, depending on the development of the region or the city).

General planning of education and regulation of academic and professional qualifications International cooperation in education, etc. Autonomous region is responsible for:

-Administrative responsibility within their territories - Creation and authorization of institutions - Staff management - Curriculum development - Student guidance and support - Financial support and aids, etc.

PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN CROACIA

PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN SPAIN AND PRIVATELY RUN SCHOOLS FUNDED BY THE STATE

Private schoolsare financed by those who established them, out of the fees the trainees pay and some other sources.

Private schools:

Privates chools that follow the standards of State schools (i.e. private schools with public rights) are subsidized by central authorities.

Those are financed by those who established them, out of the fees the trainees pay and some other sources. Privately run schools funded by the state: Those are financed by the state and families, but run by those who established them.

WEBGRAPHY

http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/Countries/WDE/2006/CENTRAL_and_EASTERN_EUROPE/Croatia/Croatia. htm

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ELEMENETS OF THE CROATION SYSTEM IN TURKEY Some advantages and disadvantages emerged when we implemented the Croatian education system. Advantages :       

lessonsaremorefunandfluent prejudices about mathematics are breaking Animations and applications are used as the lessons are taught online more students are interested in the lesson as it appeals to more senses Lesson is more understandable for students with good visual learning students' perspectives on mathematics change positively As students learn by doing and living, what they learn becomes more permanent

Disadvantages:       

the croatian education system is not suitable for every subject difficult to find activities to use painting, paint, etc. on some math subjects notsuitableforallstudents, not appealingtosomestudents studentsmayhavedifficultieswithmaterials Students who have nothing to do with art or painting get bored There may be problems with material coverage There may be problems with time while painting, drawing

Prepared by Gülcan AŞIK

Comparison of the Croatian education system with that of Romania

Motivating the learning engine to increase student's school, professional and social success and reduce absenteeism, 2019-1-RO01-KA229-063851

Project financed by the European Union

,,The European Commission is not responsible for any uploaded or submitted content. The content reflects the views only of the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein” •

•

The education system in Croatia &Romanian consists of: IDENTICAL • kindergartens and preschool institutions

• primary education secondary education • higher education • education for adults

General facts schools are public and

private lessons are in the morning and afternoon • lessons last 45 minutes (Croatia) but 50 minutes (Romania) with breaks between in Croatia, in Romania Horn And Milk Program in general and lower secondary education • grades range from 1 (the lowest grade) – 5 (the highest grade) Croatia & in Romania grades range from 1 (lowest grade) to 10 (highest grade) or in small classes the grades vary from insufficient to excellent (insufficient, sufficient, good, very good, excellent)

Primary school mandatory and free=IDENTICAL

 8 years (6-14)

1st – 4th grade – one teacher (except foreign language and religion, which is an elective subject)-CROATIA Preparatory Class – 4th grade – one teacher- (with foreign language and religion, which is an elective subject)- ROMANIA 5th – 8th grade – each subject, different teacher=IDENTICAL

PRIMARY EDUCATION (ISCED 1) •

preparatory class

•

I—IV grades

IV III II

I ROMANIA

•

The transition from primary to lower secondary education (gymnasium) is conditioned only by the promotion of primary education.

Secondary school • not mandatory • Mandatory ( 10 classes)

Free in Croatia &Romania • Types of school Grammar school (general or specialized) – 4 years • Vocational school (tehnical, industrial, trade and other,

as defined by curriculum) - 3 – 5 years-CROATIA • Vocational school (tehnical, industrial, trade and other, as defined by curriculum) - 3 years-ROMANIA Art school (music, dance, fine art, as defined by • curriculum) – 4 years

UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION (ISCED 3)

•

IX—XII/XIII – High school grades

Having the following fields: Baccalaureate

XII

theoretical • vocation X IX • Technology • vocational education lasting 3 years. Vocational education graduates who pass the vocational qualification certification exam can take high school education courses. XI

•

Certificate of profession XI X IX

ROMANIA

Higher education IDENTICAL Higher education institutions are divided into polytechnics,

colleges of applied science, faculties and art academies All courses were aligned at the requirements of the Bologna

Process as part of the creation of a European system of higher education.

CROATIA

HIGHER EDUCATION (ISCED 5-8) •

It is organized in universities, academies of studies, institutes, schools of higher education, called higher education institutions or universities, provisionally authorized or accredited.

•

High school graduates with a baccalaureate degree can enroll in higher education. The admission conditions are different from one institution to another.

•

The structure of higher education reflects the principles of the Bologna process: Doctoral studies -3 years

ROMANIA

Master's degree-2 years

Undergraduate studies-3/4 years

DECENTRALIZED MODEL OF EDUCATION DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITIES IN EDUCATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION Central government retains responsibility for the general organization of the Education System

COUNTY SCHOOL INSPECTORATES(41) ROMANIA

SCHOOLS

BY TEACHER DRĂGUȚ VIOLETA ROMANIA