European students responsible, motivated, intelligent emotionally and usefully 2020- 2022 THE WHITE FOUNTAIN MASSACRE Erasmus+ Programme – Strategic Partnership, No. 2020-1-RO01-KA229-080403 School: SPECIAL TECHNOLOGICAL HIGH SCHOOL BUFFALORIA, Vicovu de Sus, Suceava Teacher: MEHEDENIUC GEORGETA-CRISTINA Students: Hînțar Petru, Hapca Linda
Project No. 2020-1-RO01-KA229-080403 Europeanstudentsresponsible, motivated, intelligentemotionallyandusefully Project funded by the European Commission
THE WHITE FOUNTAIN MASSACRE
1st April 1941, on an Easter day
•
Explanations
Massacre
• Mass murder means the mass killing of a large number of people, this action being carried out by the state, a group, or a single person.
• This differs from genocide which is a narrower term where the extermination is directed towards an ethnic or religious group.
Fântâna Albă
• It is a village in Adâncata district, Chernivtsi regionUkraine.
North Bucovina
• It is the name of Bucovina, which is currently located in the territory of the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine.
• This territory was occupied on June 28, 1940 by the Soviet Union through an ultimatum addressed to the Romanian state following the Ribentrop-Molotov Pact.
The
Context • In 1940, the USSR occupied Bessarabia, northern Bucovina and Herta Land; • approximately 3 million Romanians lived on this Romanian territory. Of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact from 1939 • they could no longer endure the transgressions of the new masters; • they asked to be allowed to return to Romania for the reunification of their families; • just as Germans and Poles were allowed to return to their countries. Romanians started crossing the border
The Soviet authorities reacted: - they strengthened border patrolling;
1. - they drew up lists of families who had relatives in Romania; - they declared them traitors to the country; - they deported them to forced labor.
2.
Refuge attempts in Romania:
19th November 1940
- 4o families (105 people) from Suceveni tried to cross the border at Fântâna Albă; - were surprised by Soviet patrols; they were killed, wounded, captured; - some managed to reach Rădăuți - Romania; - the Soviets decided to deport all the relatives of the 105 people to Siberia.
6th February 1941
- 500 Romanians tried to cross into Romania;
- they were surprised, attacked with machine guns, they were killed;
- some managed to take refuge, others were arrested; - were sentenced to death, forced labor and loss of civil rights;
- the relatives were declared traitors, arrested and deported to Siberia.
The unfolding of the massacre
• The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs released rumors that the border crossing would be allowed. January 1941, the NKVD • with white flags, with Cetina Crosses, with icons; • as a procession (babies, children, women, old people, men); The Romanians formed a peaceful line - around 3000 people • 3 km from the border with Romania; • the Russians were waiting for the procession and opened fire on the Romanians - they were mowed down by bullets. In Poiana Varnița
After the massacre:
The survivors were chased down and cut down with the sword,
the wounded were tied to the horses' tails and taken to the pit:
5 mass graves dug before shooting them - planned.
They were buried alive or dead: children, adults.
Those arrested, after horrific tortures, were taken to the Jewish cemetery,
they were thrown alive into a mass grave, over which slaked lime was poured
What followed the massacre:
Retaliation
Forbidden topic
Romanians were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan;
-he created a program to exterminate the Romanian population.
until 1990 by the Soviet authorities and later by the Ukrainian authorities.
After 2000, the Ukrainian authorities allowed the
officiating of a parastas for the rest of Romanians who wanted to live in Romania.
The exact number of deaths from Fântâna Albă is not known even today.
1991
• for the first time, the victims of the massacres in Fântâna Albă, Lunca and other localities in the north of Bucovina were commemorated
In Romania:
12th April 2011
• The Chamber of Deputies adopted legislative proposal no. 796/2010 whereby: • on April 1
• is established as a national Day of honoring the memory of Romanians - victims of the massacres at Fântâna Albă and other areas, of deportations, of starvation and of other forms of repression organized by the totalitarian Soviet regime in Herța Land, northern Bucovina and the whole of Bessarabia
2015
• deputy Eugen Tomac supported the establishment of a Parliamentary Commission for the restoration of the historical truth regarding the massacre at Fântâna Albă on April 1, 1941
THE WHITE FOUNTAIN-GOLGOTA OF THE ROMANIAN NATION
Memorial Portal Golgota Neamului „Fântâna Albă”
România
from Mănăstirea Putna, Suceava,
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or any means, without permission in writing from the authors.
,,The European Commission is not responsible for any uploaded or submitted content.
The content reflects the views only of the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein”
BIBLIOGRAFY:
1. https://basilica.ro/81-de-ani-de-la-masacrulde-la-fantana-alba-zi-nationala/ 2. https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacrul_de_la _F%C3%A2nt%C3%A2na_Alb%C4%83 3. https://www.descopera.ro/istorie/1968840980-de-ani-de-la-masacrul-de-la-fantana-albao-crima-cu-premeditare 4. https://www.putna.ro/Carte-Fantana-Alba-s7ss13.php
By teacher-MEHEDENIUC GEORGETA-CRISTINA Liceul Tehnologic Special Bivolărie Translation: teacher Ghițulescu Daniela, Costești Technological High School.
