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From fascism to the birth of the Republic
"MOMENTS OF CROSSROADS IN HISTORY" IN ITALY
By teacher Caterina Fassari
The collapse of the fascist regime and the war of liberation (1943-1945) •
THE BIRTH OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC TOOK PLACE IN THE CONTEXT OF EVENTS RANGING FROM FALL OF THE FASCIST REGIME (25 JULY 1943) ALRETURN OF DEMOCRACY WITH THE REFERENDUM INSTITUTIONAL OF JUNE 2, 1946, OR IN BETWEEN, ITALY FOUND ITSELF A FIELD OF BATTLE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR,DIVIDED INTO TWO OPPOSING ENTITIES(ITALIAN SOCIAL REPUBLIC AND SOUTHERN KINGDOM).ORIN THE NORTH OF THE COUNTRY, OCCUPIED BY GERMANY NAZI, THE PHENOMENON OF RESISTANCE TO THE NAZI-FASCIST OCCUPATION.OR THE ANTI-FASCIST PARTIES RESUMED THEIR ACTIVITY,AFTER THE END OF THE DICTATORSHIP, WITH THE AIM OF FREE THE COUNTRY FROM NAZI-FASCISM.
The Liberation and the return of thedemocracy (1945-1946)
With the Liberation (April 25, 1945), the democracy returned to a defeated country and exhausted by the conflict. In the face of so many difficulties, the anti-fascists parties worked together, not with standing divisions, to create new democratic institutions. The affirmation and personal charisma of the new political leaders contributed to the success of the democratic process.
The birth of the Republic and the endof the anti-fascist unit (19461947)
The historical vote of 2 June 1946 led Italians to choose the republican government, granting broad support to anti-fascist parties. At the beginning of 1948 the new one came into effect with the first Italian State Law: Constitution, the result of a difficult compromise between political forces. The new international order and the beginning of the Cold War between the US and the URSS ended the collaboration between different political forces. By the establishment of the third De Gasperi government in 1947, left-wing parties linked to the Soviet bloc came out of the majority of government while Italy entered permanently in the American Bloc.
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