CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND & THEORY 1 2 UNDER THE ANGLESEA CONTEXT 2 3 PRECEDENTS 3 4 DESIGN CONCEPT & SITE SELECTION 4 5 DESIGN EXPLORATION - BECOMING A ROOS TOWN 5 6 BIBILIOGRAPHY 6
THESIS STATEMENT Coastal area around the world are witnessing dramatic changes as a consequence of regional development associated with tourism and urbanites investment. With the overdevelopment homogenized local social and ecological characteristic, the impacts will eventually cause to a degradation of regional identity and economy. However, other than reservation approach, utilizing the regional identity to preserve and enhance the attributes of place through a landscape perspective is largely unaddressed. As one of the iconic symbols of Australia, Eastern Grey Kangaroo, also a crucial member in local community in Anglesea. This thesis will explore how to use landscape approach to emphasize a local symbolized character as a regional identity while promote economy value. Setting on the context of where the Eastern Grey Kangaroo current habitat and the upcoming development of Alcoa Coal Mine area, the design is targeting on create a corridor to guide Kangaroos into the mine area in a safety method. Meanwhile, exploring the possibility to utilized surrounding resource to expand local community recreation features and enhance the experience for tourism. The design is attempting to engage with local wildlife and vehicle collision issue by establishing new intersection and allow human to observe in a safe distance. Thus, the edge of the mine will transfer into a new space for both kangaroos to grazing and a certain level of commercial programs. It allows visitors to interactive with local unique environmental and social identity through a natural way and satisfied local community desire for a richer scenery. By reacting to this urgent need of a direction for per-mining area, the design considers the possibility to construct framework surround kangaroo living environment and conflict between community’s anxiety toward tourism and losing the identity as rural citizens.
Through this way, the Anglesea distinctive character was enhanced and emphasized with a unified system, with the tourism industry shift focus to an experience-based business model. Combining with social and educational significance of the land, Anglesea could achieve a long-term balance between insiders and outsiders.
1. BACKGROUND & THEORY
Anglesea is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Great Ocean Road in the Surf Coast Shire local government area. In the 2016 census, Anglesea had a population of 2,545 people. Originally known as Swampy Creek, the area’s name was changed to Anglesea River in 1884 when the township was established. and was renamed Anglesea in 1950. The town’s golf-course is renowned for its resident population of eastern grey kangaroos which graze on the fairways.
Coastal Towns in Transition
Coastal areas around the world are witnessing dramatic changes as a consequence of development associated with tourism and what, in Australia, has been referred to as the ‘sea change phenomenon’ – affluent urbanites moving to coastal areas seeking a relaxed lifestyle in scenic and natural surroundings. In response to these changes, people living in destination communities complain that the valued ‘character’ of their towns and/or individual neighborhoods is being lost or degraded. The major catalyst for this seems to be replacement of smaller, older, traditional buildings with out of scale and standardized forms of architecture that people feel are ‘out-of-character’. (Raymond, G. 2010 )
image source: Coastal Towns in Transition: Local Perceptions of Landscape Chang
In far too many instances this also results in the destruction of natural environments that is a consequence of over development, inappropriately sited buildings, planning regulations that do not adequately protect the natural environment and ill-conceived landscape design actions. The upshot of these changes is that the locally unique constellation of landscape features that have traditionally defined the character of many coastal towns is slowly, but surely, being eroded and replaced by one of global uniformity in the built environment and a degraded natural environment.
image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama-anglesea-open-cut-coal-min -power-station.jpg
Anglesea Alcoa Open Cut
A Regionalism Perspective
Respect the trend of globalisation bring erosion to regional characteristic, one profound irony is the way in which 'the local' has acquired economic value within the global economy, as consumers seek products, locations for their homes, and recreation activities that embody, at least symbolically, the qualities of community and authentic experience that are frequently destroyed through globalisation. Overall, a "bottom-up" approach of creating a local icon of identity, wheather Anglesea require a "icon" which could unify the community under the great change of regain contral the Alcoa mine site.
Research Question How to engage critical regional theorists through Landscape Architecture ?
Senseing of Place Phenomenology
Emphasising the Tactile
Focus on memory
Celebrating local community
Materiality
Connecting with place
Capturing particularity of a place
Nature Constructed/Nature Revealed
As a remainder
Embracing and accentuates dimensions
Dynamic 'ecological' aesthetics
Sense of occupation
De-Familiarisation
A synthesis of architecture and landscape
How to emphasize a local symbolized character as a regional identity while promote economy value ?
Soil type
Climate
Water resource
Land form
Events
Architecture
Activties
Community
Pillar industry
Local fauna
Origin
Develop process
Colonial
Myths and legends
Approach OUTSIDERS' IMAGE Events
Products
Community
Activites
Food
Convenience
Experience
Accommodation
Facilities
The Synbolized Character
Economy Value
2. UNDER THE CONTEXT OF ANGLESEA
image source: vic library
History of Anglesea The Wathaurong people have lived in the Anglesea area for thousands of years. Although several farmers had tried their hand at grazing some years earlier it wasn’t until 1860’s when the region was really noticed by white settlers for it’s fresh fish and good timber. Originally called Swampy Creek and later Anglesea River the area was very popular for sports parties who camped along the river at night and horse rode, hunted or fished by day. After the First World War Anglesea really started to flourish with the town being a hub for the construction of the Great Ocean Road. Forestry also became one of the town’s biggest industries with good timber in the area and the beginning of timber plantations. Brown Coal was found in the Area and in the 1960’s, and an open cut mine was set up along with power station to service the Point Henry Alcoa Aluminum works on Corio Bay.
Mining history and Alcoa
We need more tourists attraction during low season
What will happen to this place ? i want job Folks! we need to serious think about how to use our land
GOOD GRASS NO MORE CAR CRASH !
I want my kids live in a nature environment !
I can play with kangaroos, but i want more place to go
More green space to walk around
I think anglesea is great already
Where am i ? Here is looks nothing special...
I don't want my real easte value decline
No more tourists ! i want the beautiful nature come back
Community opinion towads town's future Commercial Activities Licensed Tour Operators Tourist Attraction/ Facilities Tourist Accommodation Areas protected for their environmental values Areas protected for their heritage values Parks and public open space areas Sporting/active recreation areas Mountain bike trails Residential Industrial Community facilities Renewable energy generation Other
Connecting the regional identity Tourism Industry Local Identity
Local Community
ALCOA Co.
Open Cut Mine
Holiday Visitors Golf Course
International Tourits
GOR
Currently Hundreds of Eastern Grey Kangaroos call the Anglesea Golf Club home. They live in groups or ‘mobs’ and enjoy frolicking across our fairways and watching the golfers pass by. The kangaroos are usually most active from late afternoon until early morning, resting in the shade of trees and shrubs during the day. They are grazing animals, so they love to eat grass, young shoots, heath plants and trees around the Anglesea area. Kangaroos as a important member in Anglesea commuity, the cultural status is valueable and connecting the whole town in a certain extent.
Anglesea primary school
Cricket club
Football & Netball club
5 year average data 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Anglesea logo design
Anglesea logo design
Golf club
International Domestic Overnight Domestic Daytrip
3. PRECEDENTS
image source: https://www.google.com.au
Cleland Wildlife Park
For this holistic Master Plan for the much-loved Cleland Wildlife Park, Phillips/Pilkington Architects worked in a consultant team led by URPS, comprising landscape architects, an interpretive design specialist, an ecologist, and a zoo and tourism specialist, collaborating with Cleland staff and representatives from the Department of Natural Resources.
The Master Plan resulted in proposals for the reorganisation and renovation of Cleland's physical assets and visitor experience, whilst also addressing issues of brand identity, competitors and benchmarking, potential new commercial opportunities, financial management, wayfinding and interpretive signage, animal management and conservation.
Crocodile Industry in Northern Territory Brand Recognition for the NT - The crocodile is synonymous with the NT both at a national and international level and features strongly in many tourism promotions.
+
Wetland
Crocodile A Productive approach
$35m
indirect effect
$30m
direct effect
$25m $20m $15m $10m $5m Farm
Farm Regulation Romate Veterinary tourism impact Services
The Territory Wildlife Park is an excellent introduction to the wildlife of the Northern Territory. About 60 kilometres south of Darwin, the park covers 400 hectares in natural bushland. There are 6 kilometres of walking trails through this multi-award winning park, and a free shuttle train link between major exhibits. It has an aquarium, aviaries, a nocturnal house featuring unique Australian animals which can be seen only at night. The Territory Wildlife Park has a natural lagoon teeming with water birds and a Monsoon Forest Walk.
Philip Island Nature Park Strategy Key Aspirations 1. Phillip Island is a safe haven for the protection of native threatened species. 2. Visitors to all sites are inspired to act for conservation. 3. Our ecotourism experiences are world leading and Phillip Island is a premier ecotourism destination. 4. We are committed to sustainable initiatives to become carbon, water and waste neutral. 5. Reconciliation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples is embedded in our values and daily action.
Conservation Visitors Penguin A Conserve approach
Financial
Nature conservation is paramount. Visitor experiences should be authentic and inspire action. Inancial sustainability is key to our continued success.
4. DESIGN CONCEPT & SITE SELECTION The possibility of transferring the recovering brownfield into a land which supports Grey Kangaroos living habitat and provide rehabilitation of human and natural. Attracting ROOS in a relatively controllable environment. Through the process, the sub-issue of providing systematic public space; creating new water body to manging acid flow; the indigenous landscape could be connected with the major issue. In the meanwhile, a site allowing close contact of human and wildlife is not only bring tourism actraction but also lies educational purpose.
Creating a opportunity surrounding roos habitat
Design around kangraoos current environment and considering the future possible habitat being the primary factor which could decide the design boundary and site contexts, the approach to speculate how roos movement in this area is the spatial data analysis. Based on the local vegetation,water resouce, woodland density, a suitable corridor could formed. Further analysis is towards how to create a appropriate living environment with limit impact. In the meanwhile, the issue of vehice collidion and lack of medical treatment also should be address.
Design Objectives
Promate Environmental Indentity
Tourism Attraction / Economic Benefits
Social Benefits Community Engagement
Restore the Anglesea Indigenous Landscape
How to engage with tourism and wildlife encounter
Walk Track
Landform/ layers
Water Boundary
Limit human move A to B movement
Free space for borh Less interfer
Landscape value Water funcation Attracting wildlife
Vegetation Boundary Block view Limite movement for human
Site Selection Select Criterias
Slop <15°
Woodland Protection
Flooding Area Overlay
Enough Solar Radiation
Moreover :
+ avoide overlay with vehices road + pass by water resource
+ have the ability to become grazing area
Ranking Overlay
Design Strategy
Attracting Shelter in open space
Small drink spot
Increace the open space in woodland
Shaded area in grassland
Bridge Type #2
Foot Bridge Crossing Area
Bushland Cross with Walk Trail
Vegetation boundary
Woodland Island
Block from cliff of mine boundary
Crossing Bridge Type #1
Blocking Landform blocking
5. DESIGN EXPLORATION BECOMING ROOS TOWN
H
B
C A D
E
Masterplan Crossing area Research facility / garzing Area Tourism / Community Activties Main Function
G
Walking Trail
F
Grassland/ Bushland Woodland Reserve Area Roos living habitat & Revegetation Area
Waterbody and contour
N
A
Tourists & New Community Center
B
Kangraoos Crossing Bridge
C
Viewing Platform & Cafe
D
Boat Docking Area
E
Parking Lots
F
Research Facility & Medical Facilities
G
Viewing Platform
H
Kangraoos Interactive
AOI #1 A' B' B
A
Section
A A'
B B'
AOI #2
A' A B
B'
A' A
B' B
Interactive with wildlife Behaviours & Safety
View from a distance
Keep a safty distance
Close interactive or feeding
Vegetation as a tool
Roos typical life in a day
AM
Close to program area
AM
On walking track
AM
PM
At the bushland boundary
PM
In bushland area
PM
Natural water resource
Around artificial water source
SOCIOECONOMICS BENEFITS Start Revegetation
Brownfild
Interbational Tourism Opportunity
Community engagement
Import soil & Stable thecliff
Meet Local Demand
Pioneer plants
Research facility
Establishing the facility
artificial planting native-born plants
Tourism Centre
Transition Process of Site
Roos introducing in site
Crossing area for wildlife
Tourism industry
Community activities
Interbational Tourists
Embrace Local Identity
Individual Overnight
Community Participation
Tickets / Merchandises
Regain contral of their town
Employee Opportunity
Enhance Local Recreation
TOURING ROUTE
Short Stay A weekend tour Holiday Experience
Viewing
Bush walk
Petting a wallaby
Wildlife Complete EducatEncounter Tour ional
Wildlife Encounter
Mountain Bike
Local Food
Exploring Wetland the Reserve Experience
Feeding Roos
Family Fun
Have a cafe
Stay Morning Overnight walk
Fishing
Local Food
BBQ
Local Gift Shop
6. BIBILIOGRAPHY
image source: Vic library online
BOOKS
Green, R. (2010). Coastal towns in transition : local perceptions of landscape change. Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer ; Collingwood, Vic. : CSIRO Publishing, c2010. Lowenthal, D. (1985). The past is a foreign country. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1985. Tisdell, C., & Wilson, C. (2012). Nature-Based Tourism and Conservation: New Economic Insights and Case Studies. Cheltenham, U.K.
ARTICLE
Andrew Balmford, James Beresford, Jonathan Green, Robin Naidoo, Matt Walpole, & Andrea Manica. (2009). A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism. Brunton, E. A., Srivastava, S. K., Schoeman, D. S., & Burnett, S. (2018). Quantifying trends and predictors of decline in eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations in a rapidly urbanising landscape. Dredge, D., & Jenkins, J. (2003). Destination place identity and regional tourism policy. TOURISM GEOGRAPHIES, (4), 383. Ecostrategies: Presentation and Elaboration of a Conceptual Framework of Landscape Perspectives. (2016). Tourism, (1), 63.
Jacky Bowring. (2004). Think Global, Think Local: Critical regionalism and Landscape Architecture. Landscape Review, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 1-12 (2004), (2), 1. Inwood, D., Catanchin, H., & Coulson, G. (2008). Roo town slow down: a community-based kangaroo management plan for Anglesea, Victoria. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Forum Proceedings - Too Close for Comfort, 1–8. Su, Yang and Jones, David 2017, Healing the ‘scar’ of the landscape: post-mining landscape in Anglesea, in DesTech 2016: Proceedings of the International Conference on Design and Technology, Knowledge E Publishing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, pp. 185-189, doi: 10.18502/keg.v2i2.613. Semian, M., & Chromý, P. (2014). Regional identity as a driver or a barrier in the process of regional development: A comparison of selected European experience.
ONLINE RESOURCE Anglesea River 2012-2020 Estuary Management Plan. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&es rc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiaoeXDtKneAhVGWX0KHcsxDdYQFjAAegQICB AC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccma.vic.gov.au%2Fadmin%2Ffile%2Fcontent2%2Fc7%2F10987%2520AN GLESEA%2520RIVER%2520ESTUARY%2520MANAGMENT%2520PLAN_WEB_2.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3dihs9RjBpativkVRuFfM Unlocking our great outdoors. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1 &cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwimju74tKneAhVIVisKHaKSCLsQFjAAegQIBxAC
ANGLESEA FUTURES Land Use Ideas. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source= web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiujqSktaneAhXWEHIKHfiNCZAQFjAAegQIABAC&url=https% 3A%2F%2Fengage.vic.gov.au%2Fdownload_file%2F7332%2F909&usg=AOvVaw2G3C5EnKlANXN20sH9r pAE Destination Management Plan. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd= 1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjt4tm2taneAhWIto8KHS_jBZAQFjAAegQICBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2F www.ecotourism.org.au%2Fassets%2FResources-Hub-Destination-Management-Plans%2FDestinationManagement-Plan-Great-Ocean-Road.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3Owdl1F9qDuRrhPFi9zrMa Managing kangaroo grazing for the conservation of grassland and grassywoodland fauna Brett Howland. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8& ved=2ahUKEwj91e7StaneAhWVdn0KHfmoB_cQFjAAegQICRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearchrepository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F109139%2F1%2FHowland_Thesis_2016.pdf&usg=AOvVa w34HfBJqQnCn4mizfCeEray The ACT Kangaroo Management Plan 2010. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sour ce=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjfuND4taneAhWaXn0KHVXRBQ0QFjACegQIBxAC&url=ht tp%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.act.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0009%2F1029717%2FDr aftControlledNativeSpeciesManagementPlan.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3qgte6UW_Q4JXPg_-5OCut Marshall, A. (2013). Start with the grasslands: Design guidelines to support native grasslands in urban areas. Melbourne, Victorian National Parks Association. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q= &esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQtrimtqneAhUMR48KHUGNDtAQFjABegQ ICBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvnpa.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FStart-with-theGrasslands.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0hkn_1-RDzJcHOk2uDZe46
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my special thanks to my thesis supervisor Mark Frisby and Jillian Walliss. Without their help, this semester will be much harder. I have feel inspired and clear about what I would achieve eventually under their guidance. Moreover, I would like to thank all of other tutors and teachers in Landscape Architecture for their inspirational instructions in past semesters. I also very grateful to all of my thesis group member and classmates who always provide me with useful suggestions and encourage me to finish the project. Last but not least, many thanks to my parents and my girlfriend who give me the best support and care. I really appreciate all your kindness.