Chemical Today June 2018 by worldofchemicals.com

June 2018 | Volume II | Issue XIII | â&#x201A;¹275

Expert Viewpoint Fertilizers Inks & Pigments

Safety Logistics CTF 2018 Automation

IIOT - Oil & Gas Paint Shop 4.0

NEW SHEEN FOR

NEXT-GEN AUTOMOTIVE Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Of Coffee & Cars The Oomph Factor

CHEMICAL

TODAY

aking up in the early hours of a crisp morning or a walk experiencing the nip of the night, nothing evokes more emotions than a steaming, hot cup of coffee, by your side. Likewise, not only the speed and throttle, but also the shine and sheen, ups the oomph factor for a car. The car that has now become a vehicle of passion, helps unleash strong emotions while showing off the design and colour clubbed with the latest technology. The different shades made of pigments have in-built in them many a functionality. The industry is adopting more of lightweight materials, replacing traditional metals bodies in vehicles. Coatings too need to up the ante and bring in renewed pigments, which have the same gloss and shine. Adding to this, the new age pigments for automotive coatings also need to address new demands of being corrosion resistant, cost effective, recyclable while giving greater durability. Some of the other trends in automobiles are smart coatings, compact paint process, changing dynamics of high performance pigments, organic pigments, powder coatings among others. Read all about the changing dynamics of pigments for the automobile segment, in our sector view this month. In our automation section, we interview a Data Scientist regarding the hidden potential in data, generated in the oil & gas industry. He also explains the need for the oil & gas industry to adopt IIOT and suggests taking a paradigm leap to be in sync with the global industry revolution. Further, we focus on smart solutions for the Paint Shop 4.0, exploring the optimal link-up of flexible hardware with intelligent software, complemented with innovative digital services, maximizing customer benefits. Along with tackling challenges of the future, the aim is to build Paint Shop 4.0 for the automotive industry and other sectors. This month don’t forget to attend the Corrosion Technology Forum 2018, ‘Domain Of Corrosion’ on 7 & 8 June in Bangalore. Lined up with some of the well-known speakers of international repute, the conference will bring home the best of corrosion protection technologies and solutions used in various sectors. Successfully implemented solutions in the oil & gas industry, refineries, infrastructure, power plants and chemical plants, will provide a learning curve for industry peers. For more information visit http://www.worldofchemicals.com/corrosion-technology-forum-2018.html For suggestions or feedback write to editorial@worldofchemicals.com

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Chemical Today

is a monthly magazine focused on chemistry & the chemical industry.

CONTENTS

QUOTES 04

SECTOR VIEW

AUTOMOTIVE PIGMENTS

NEWS NATIONAL 06 INTERNATIONAL 08 MAKE A DIFFERENCE 10

EVENTS 14 CHEMICAL SECTORS PLASTICS 16 ELECTRIC VEHICLES 18 AGRICULTURE 20 REACTIVE DYES 22 TEXTILES 28 GREEN CHEMISTRY

EXPERT VIEWPOINT

Dr. Rajiv Kumar Gupta

Sambit Roy,

Jeff Okaichi,

(IAS), Managing Director,

Regional Business Head-Pigment, India Region, Clariant

Director and Vice President,

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd (GNFC),

Toyocolor Co Ltd (Toyo Ink Group company),

REPORT ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILE CHEMICALS 44 AUTOMOTIVE APPEARANCE CHEMICALS 45 PIGMENTS 46 CATHODIC PROTECTION MARKET 47

ACADEMIC R & D

SAFETY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

LOGISTICS FIBER BARRELS MARKET

AUTOMATION IIOT 62 CONTROL SOLUTIONS 64 AUTOMATED SOFTWARE PAINT SHOP 4.0

ACADEMIC SPEAK

JOBS 70 PRODUCTS 72 EQUIPMENT MICRO-ELUTION TECHNOLOGY 74 ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS 76 EQUIPMENT 78

Dr. Apoorv Shanker

post-doctoral associate at Prof. Paula T. Hammond Lab, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dr. Mohammad Vaseem Post Doctoral Fellow at Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division of King Abdullah University

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

GLOSSARY 80 Published for June 2018.

QUOTES

India’s contribution in the chemical sector globally is 3 percent and this gives us a huge scope for growth. However, without new research and innovation in this field, we cannot make a quantum jump with qualitative bulk materials. In order to ensure growth, we should have a common research facility for Chemicals, Petrochemicals and Pharmaceuticals. We therefore, seriously believe that we should invest in research, because it is a field where sky is the limit for growth and innovation.

Narendra Modi, Prime Minister Of India.

Gujarat, known as the “chemical” hub of India contributes to more than 60 percent of the national petrochemical production and 35 percent of the national chemical production. A strong base of diversified chemical units across the value chain, a world class petrochemical hub located in Dahej PCPIR, chemical port, LNG terminals as well as supportive government policies are significant growth drivers for the chemical sector in the state. Going forward value addition, innovation and sustainability need to become priority areas for the chemical industry in Gujarat. Vijay Rupani, Chief Minister Of Gujarat.

We want the Indian chemical and petrochemical industry to be the world leaders. For this, whatever facilitation, promotion and assistance is required, we are ready for it. We want to promote the ‘Make in India’ idea globally. Make in India not only for the demand in India, but also to compete with the world.

Ananth Kumar, Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India. Source: India Chem, Gujarat 2017.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Indian Solar Manufacturers’ Association (ISMA) members have expressed positive sentiments as manufacturing and ‘Make in India’ initiative gathered momentum. The phenomenal growth opportunity of Renewal Energy is unparalleled in the world today, looking at current and future energy consumption in India over the next 2-3 decades. All stakeholders have immense opportunities especially those who make and develop products in India. K N Subramaniam, CEO, Moserbear Solar Ltd and Treasurer, Indian Solar Manufacturers’ Association (ISMA). The rise of e-commerce and access to new technologies has accelerated counterfeiting and other forms of illicit trade. That makes fighting counterfeit medical products an ever-more urgent priority for pharma companies – both in terms of patient safety and brand reputation. Yann Ischi, Director, New Channels and Partnerships, SICPA.

Within the Volkswagen Group, we have a clear strategy for how we want to put battery-electric vehicles into series production across our brands and in many different market segments. However, a major qualification for success in the volume market is more powerful battery concepts. In Volkswagen Group R&D we are focusing on close cooperation, not only with industrial partners but also with the smart minds of the scientific community. Dr Ulrich Eichhorn, Head, Group R&D, Volkswagen AG. Using reverse osmosis for pre-treatment means we can reduce the consumption of specific chemicals for resin bed regeneration by around 60 percent. Ashraf Aly Mostafa, Project Manager, Alexandria Fertilizers Co (Alexfert).

India is a very important market for polyurethanes and has a wonderful potential for growth. When leaders of the industry from all over the world get together under one roof, it leads to better production and faster growth of the industry. R C Bhargava, former CEO and current Chairman, Maruti Suzuki. India today process 565,000 mtpa of polyurethanes and this is expected to cross the 1 million mtpa mark in the next three to four years. Polyurethane is a designers polymer unparalleled by any of its kind when it comes to allowing technologists to chemically design and develop specific end products. Mukesh Bhuta, Chairman, IPUA and Promoter, Expanded Polymer Systems Pvt. Ltd. A host of forces are disrupting the chemical industry – geopolitical risks, changing customer desires, growth challenges, population changes, digital technology proliferation and pervasive volatility, to name a few. Rachael Bartels, Managing Director and Chemicals & Natural Resources Global Industry Lead, Accenture. The number of people in Asia without adequate access to a safe and nutritious food supply is growing - and that’s simply unacceptable. The responsibility to ensure everyone has enough healthy food to eat is a shared one. The plant science industry fully supports the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in the pursuit of wiping out world hunger, and is committed to ensuring farmers in Asia are empowered and enabled to produce more food for a growing population. Dr Siang Hee Tan, Executive Director, CropLife Asia

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

NEWS NATIONAL BRUNEI SELLS STAKE IN JORDAN PHOSPHATE TO INDIAN FIRMS

Phosphate mines. (File photo)

runei, the largest shareholder in Jordan Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC), has agreed to sell a 37 percent stake to India’s two largest importers and producers of fertilisers in a deal worth around $130 million, the Amman stock exchange said. Indian Potash Limited and Kisan International Trading FZE, a subsidiary of Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO), bought the stake in Jordan’s largest mining and chemical company from Kamil Holdings Limited, owned by the Brunei Investment Agency, the exchange said in a statement. Brunei brought the stake in 2006 from Jordan when the country was seeking to attract foreign investment in an IMFguided privatisation scheme to sell stakes in key state enterprises. The Brunei deal, which aimed to put the indebted and loss-

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

making company on a sounder financial footing, was later criticised by Jordan’s parliament for alleged corruption, part of a backlash against privatisation and economic nationalism that swept the country. Industry sources said Brunei has been trying to divest its JPMC holding after former CEO Walid Kurdi, a relative of the royal family who fled the country in 2012, was given a 22-year prison sentence in absentia on charges of embezzlement of millions of dollars. Jordan had said more recently it wanted to buy back the shares but plans to regain control of some key companies, including JPMC, did not go ahead. The Amman stock exchange said the transaction involved the sale of 30.5 million shares to the Indian companies at 2.98 dinars ($4.20) per share. JPMC’s shares closed at 3.3

dinars. Canada’s Potash Corp and Japan’s Mitsubishi were also in the running to buy the stake, an industry source familiar with the deal said. JPMC is one of the largest producers of phosphates in the world, producing up to seven million tonnes a year of rock phosphates, used as to make crop fertilizers. The company has in the last two decades expanded joint ventures with Indian and Japanese firms seeking investment opportunities overseas to secure requirements to meet fast-growing fertiliser demand. JPMC has mining rights over 1 billion tonnes of the country’s 1.5 billion tonnes of proven reserves of phosphate, according to company estimates. Source: Reuters

RIL GETS GREEN NOD FOR RS 2,338 CR EXPANSION PROJECT IN MAHARASHTRA

eliance Industries (RIL) has received environment clearance for the expansion and optimization of its petrochemical complex at Nagothane, Maharashtra at an estimated cost of Rs 2,338 crore. “The environment clearance has been given to the RIL’s expansion and debottlenecking of petrochemical project at Nagothane,” a senior Environment Ministry official said. The approval, given based on the recommendations of an expert panel, is subject to compliance of certain conditions, the official said. The proposal is to expand the gas cracker and downstream plants located at Nagothane village in Raigad

district by way of debottlenecking, expansion and change of fuel in captive power plant (CPP) along with expansion and rebuilding of residential township. The cost of the proposed project, expected to be commissioned in stages, is estimated to be Rs 2,338 crore, the official added. As per the proposal, no additional land and manpower is required for the proposed project. It has 744 hectare land and 1,794 manpower at present. The company manufactures wide range of products such as ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, linear low density high density polyethylene (LLHDPE), hexene-1 and others along with a gas-based CPP. Presently, RIL Nagothane uses a mixture of ethane and

propane to produce downstream products and by-products. The proposal is to modify its feedstock ratio in its gas cracker plant owing to availability of imported shale gas ethane. With the proposed change in feedstock mixture resulting in higher production of ethylene, the company wants to expand the capacities of downstream products/by-products to accommodate the increased ethyelene production. That apart, the company has proposed to enhance CPP capacity from 85 mw to 100 mw by way of refurbishing and also use ethane as a fuel owing to its economic viability and availability. Source: PTI News

AKZONOBEL EXPANDS ORGANIC PEROXIDE CAPACITY IN INDIA; INVESTS €4 MILLION

kzoNobel Specialty Chemicals has broken ground on a project to expand production capacity and upgrade its organic peroxides facility in Mahad, India. Organic peroxides are essential for the manufacture of a wide range of polymer-based products including athletic shoe soles, wind turbines and PVC pipes used in the construction industry. The €4 million investment will increase capacity by 80 percent and will provide a platform to meet growing demand from

customers in India and the Middle East. The expansion is expected to be completed by the end of 2018.

Johan Landfors, member of the executive committee responsible for polymer chemicals.

“This is the latest in a series of organic peroxide investments to better serve our customers by upgrading technologies and increasing production capacity. This expansion will allow us to build on our strong presence in numerous organic peroxide market segments, particularly in PVC, acrylics and thermoset resins,” said

“The latest project also demonstrates the company’s commitment to the Indian market. The company is also investing in a monochloroacetic acid project in a joint arrangement with Atul in Gujarat, due to start production in 2019,” added Werner Fuhrmann, CEO of AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals.

BPCL TO SET UP SECOND LPG BOTTLING PLANT IN ODISHA

harat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) will set up its second LPG bottling plant in Odisha in Balangir district. The BPCL plant costing Rs 103 crore will be located at Barkhani, BPCL Regional Manager (East), Atul Kumar confirmed. Expected to be commissioned by March 2020, the new plant spread over 23 acres will have a bottling capacity of 42 lakh cylinders per year. The company already has a LPG bottling plant in Khurda. The Balangir plant will supply LPG cylinders to consumers in Balangir, Jharsuguda, Sundargarh, Sambalpur,

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Bargarh, Kalahandi, Sonepur, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur, Boudh, Kandhamal, Rayagada and Nuapada districts. Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas Dharmendra Pradhan and Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Thaawar Chand Gehlot are scheduled to lay the foundation stone of the plant on May 21.

Khurda and Jatni. The current bottling capacity of these four plants is 2.80 crore cylinders per annum.

BPCL has 15.37 lakh customers in the state, who use around 78 lakh cylinders per year. The consumption is expected to increase to 105 lakh cylinders by 2020.

LPG consumers in Odisha have gone up to 62.17 lakh as on May 1 compared with 20.22 lakh as of June 1, 2014. The demand for bottled LPG in the state was 454.3 thousand metric tonnes last year and is expected to go up to 610 TMT by 2020.

Oil marketing companies have LPG bottling plants at Balasore, Jharsuguda,

In addition to the proposed Balangi plant, oil marketing companies plan to set up new plants at Bhubaneswar and Rayagada. Once all are functional, the seven plants in Odisha will have a total bottling capacity of 4.06 crore cylinders per annum.

NEWS INTERNATIONAL ADNOC, OCP TO ESTABLISH WORLD-CLASS FERTILIZERS JOINT VENTURE

Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, UAE Minister of State and ADNOC Group CEO with Mostafa Terrab, OCP Group Chairman and CEO.

he Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and OCP Group of Morocco (OCP) have agreed to explore the phased creation of new global fertilizers joint venture. This move will accelerate the execution of both ADNOC and OCP’s international strategies.

both existing and new assets), giving the proposed joint venture global market reach. This proposed project extends the partnership already established through the existing long-term sulphur offtake agreement that was announced by the two firms in December 2017.

The proposed joint venture will build on both companies’ competitive advantages, namely ADNOC’s world-scale sulphur production, ammonia and gas expertise, and shipping and logistics network, and OCP’s access to large phosphate resources, its century-long fertilizers know-how and its marketing network, to develop a new global fertilizers producer.

The agreement aligns with ADNOC’s announced plans to increase production by at least 50 percent from its current levels of 7 million tons a year, as it looks to increase gas production by tapping into vast gas caps and scaling up sour gas production.

The proposed partnership will comprise two fertilizer production hubs, one in the UAE and one in Morocco (utilizing

OCP has engaged in a large-scale development program that will enable it to capture its fair share of growing demand for fertilizers. The first phase of this program was completed this year and has brought the group’s existing fertilizer capacity to 12

million tons, and rock export capacity to over 18 million tons. “The proposed joint venture with OCP illustrates ADNOC’s intent to maximize the value of all our resources, as we grow our downstream business, diversify our product range and increase revenues,” said Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, UAE minister of state and ADNOC Group CEO. “This collaboration between our companies brings together the world’s largest phosphate reserves and the world’s largest sulphur production capacity and it represents an unprecedented alliance in the industry, providing the partners with a world-class integrated asset base and complementary geographic locations,” added Mostafa Terrab, OCP Group chairman and CEO.

SIBUR, GAZPROM INK FINAL AGREEMENT TO SUPPLY ETHANE TO AMUR GCC

azprom and Sibur have signed a longterm agreement on ethane fraction supplies. The agreement was signed by Valery Golubev, deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee and Dmitry Konov, chairman of Sibur’s management board. The document provides more details on the basic terms and conditions of

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

a previously signed preliminary agreement for the future 20-year ethane fraction supplies from Gazprom’s Amur gas processing plant (GPP) to Sibur’s Amur gas chemical complex (GCC). In particular, the document specifies the volume (ca.2 mtpa), the pricing formula and the Parties’ responsibility for ensuring stable supplies and feedstock reception.

The deal has secured long-term ethane fraction sales for Gazprom, while Sibur is now able to continue developing the Amur GCC project. This partnership will foster the creation of the largest gas processing and gas-chemical cluster in the Amur Region to boost the economic and social development of the entyre Far Eastern Federal District.

INDORAMA EXPANDS BICOMPONENT FIBRE CAPACITY IN US

iberVisions Corporation, a subsidiary of Indorama Ventures, has expanded its bicomponent fibre capacity in Covington, Georgia, US. This new project will be the company’s largest line for producing bicomponent fibre, with 24,000 tons per year capacity, and will have state-of-the-art technology to create a new generation of bicomponent fibres. The new line will create a site with four bicomponent lines servicing the Americas and Europe and represents one piece of an expansion plan promoting our bicomponent fibre growth worldwide, the company said. Indorama Ventures and ES FiberVisions (ESFV), a joint venture between FiberVisions LLC (a subsidiary of Thailand’s Indorama Ventures PCL) and Japan’s JNC Corporation, have been successfully expanding bicomponent fibre growth on a global scale. Through the ES FiberVisions joint venture between FiberVisions and JNC Corporation, the two partners are the world’s largest

producers of polyolefin bicomponent fibres and have the broadest geographic coverage of any producer, with production sites in China, Denmark, Japan, Thailand and the United States. “We recognize that changes taking place in the nonwovens, hygiene, and industrial markets are creating the need for new performance attributes from our fibres. This expansion will allow our joint venture with JNC of Japan, ES FiberVisions, to continue delivering differentiated bicomponent fibres that our customers need in order to be successful in their own businesses,” said Tom Zaiser, CEO of FiberVisions Corporation. “With this investment in Covington, we will provide new capabilities to our customers, particularly in the Carded, Air Laid, and Air Lay markets. As a pioneer of bicomponent fibre, this expansion will enable ES FiberVisions to remain the leading supplier in the world,” added Zaiser.

INVISTA ENTERS FINAL PHASE OF $250 MN TECHNOLOGY UPGRADE IN TEXAS

nvista said that it is entering the final design phase for a $250 million project at its Victoria site in Texas. To upgrade its manufacturing technology and increase production of adiponitrile (ADN), a key ingredient for nylon 6,6 fibers and plastics. Construction for the project is slated to get underway in the first quarter of 2019. The new technology, developed and in use at the Invista facility in Orange, Texas, brings improved product yields, reduced energy consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced process stability and reduced capital intensity, compared to existing technologies. This investment in Victoria comes on the heels of an announcement last September, where Invista and its joint venture partner, Solvay, decided to deploy this technology at the Butachimie joint venture in France. Invista has also received strong interest from customers and others in the value chain seeking to participate with Invista in building a new ADN plant in China. The new ADN technology is the result of more than $40 million in research and development spanning four years on two continents, the company said. “We’re proud to deploy our most advanced ADN technology here and expect this investment to further strengthen the Victoria site’s competitive position as a global leader in the manufacture of nylon intermediate chemicals,” said Bill Greenfield, president, Invista Intermediates

The Invista ADN pilot plant in Orange, Texas.

TOTAL, BOREALIS, NOVA COMPLETES CREATION OF US PETCHEM JV

otal SA, Borealis AG and Nova Chemicals Corporation have closed a joint venture in petrochemicals on the US Gulf Coast after receiving all required regulatory approvals. The company named Bayport Polymers LLC (Bay-Pol) is 50 percent owned by Total and 50 percent owned by Novealis Holdings LLC, a joint venture between Borealis and Nova Chemicals. Diane Chamberlain is appointed President of the new entity. The Bay-Pol joint venture includes: • the under-construction 1Mt/y ethane steam cracker in Port Arthur, Texas

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

• Total’s existing polyethylene 400 kt/y facility in Bayport, Texas • a new 625 kt/y Borstar polyethylene unit at Total’s Bayport, Texas, site, subject to further approvals “We’re excited about the future of our new company. The partnership between Total, Borealis and Nova Chemicals will create a major player in the US polyethylene market. We have a great opportunity to take advantage of low-cost feedstocks in the US and deliver quality products that respond to the growing global demand for plastics,” said Chamberlain.

NEWS MAKE A DIFFERENCE

AQUAFIL, GENOMATICA COLLABORATE ON

SUSTAINABLE NYLON PROJECT

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

quafil SpA, a chemical manufacturing company and Genomatica announced the formation of Project Effective, a multicompany collaboration to produce more sustainable fibres and plastics. With participation from 12 companies, including brands like H&M, Carvico, Vaude and Balsan, Project Effective is one of the broadest industrial-driven efforts to reshape entyre product value chains and drive economic growth. One of the key objectives of Project Effective is to develop a more sustainable nylon, made from bio-based caprolactam produced using renewable feedstocks. The nylon will be validated by brands to make apparel and carpet textiles. An advantage of Project Effective is the early involvement of major consumer brands, allowing them to contribute valuable customer- and industry-driven perspectives. This brand participation is expected to facilitate broader and faster adoption of sustainable technologies and products. Project Effective’s stakeholders span eight countries and are leaders in renewable feedstocks, conversion technologies, makers of intermediate and finished products, major consumer brands and recycling technologies. Participants include Aquafil, Genomatica, H&M, Carvico, Vaude, Balsan, Circular Change, Life Cycle Engineering, Bio-Mi, Sudzucker, Fundacion CIRCE, and Novamont. The initiative is funded in part through a grant from the Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking, a public/private partnership between the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program and the Biobased Industries Consortium. Aquafil and Genomatica’s agreement announced in early 2018 will pave the way toward the industrial production of bio-based nylon. “This consortium is an important step toward a more circular economy. Together we will drive new waves of healthy industrialization, economic growth, and greater sustainability, better than we can individually,” said Giulio Bonazzi, chairman and CEO of Aquafil. “More renewables in product value chains means more impact. More and more manufacturers and brands get it; more and more are taking action. We look forward to rapidly expanding the circle of action,” added Christophe Schilling, CEO of Genomatica.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

NEWS MAKE A DIFFERENCE

SPLASH LAUNCHES ANTI-BACTERIAL GARMENTS

WITH N9 PURE SILVER

N9 pure silver anti-bacterial technology to fight against odour-causing bacteria.

plash, Middle East’s largest fast fashion retailer in association with Resil Chemicals has introduced sustainable antibacterial activewear. The company has introduced N9 pure silver anti-bacterial technology to fight against odour-causing bacteria. Owing to the fact of a growing hygiene quotient in consumer perspectives. N9 pure silver is a revolutionary silver based anti-bacterial technology that acts by controlling the growth of odour-causing bacteria on garments, making sure wearers stay fresh and hygienic throughout their active lifestyle. N9 pure silver is sustainable, non-leaching, zero VOC and has low silver loading properties that make this technology the ideal solution for garment treatments. The technology is compatible with multiple substrates and processes that provide longlasting freshness and malodor control.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Function and fashion have always been an integral part of active wear. In fact, workout clothes act as a daily uniform for a growing number of sport and gym enthusiasts. But the major problem lurking with such garments is the unpleasant malodor. Textile materials in the activewear range demand continuous all-around protection against various modes of contaminations such as dirt, sweat and malodor.

non-textile substrates such as plastic packaging materials which can be made more hygienic. Cosmetics can be preserved and their antimicrobial properties can be enhanced. Shoes and leather articles can be made odour free and safe to touch using N9 pure silver. The silver anti-bacterial is manufactured by Resil Chemicals Pvt Ltd and is marketed under the brand N9 pure silver.

The N9 pure silver finish is applied to textiles with the intention to protect the wearer from sweat malodor and the textile substrate from degradation. The potential presented by N9 pure silver is immense. From articles of daily use, such as clothing, and bed linen, to food packaging - the opportunities are vast, making it an ideal solution for several industries. N9 pure silver finds very interesting consumer applications on textiles as well as other

“Activewear has always been an integral element in a person’s life and in time it walks hand in hand with demerits such as bacterial accumulation. To answer this need, it is important to innovate. We are pleased to associate with N9 pure silver to offer intelligent activewear to our customers, answering their need with our innovation,” said Raza Beig, director, Landmark Group & CEO, Splash, ICONIC & Landmark International.

N9 Pure Silver's game changing silver-derived anti-bacterial technology neutralizes odour-causing bacteria on clothing and keeps garments fresh and safe, thereby, providing a personal protection for your customers.

Lasting Freshness

Sustainable

Hygienic

Malodour Control

Less Frequent Washes

Saves Water

N9 World Technologies Private Limited | info@n9world.com | Mobile: +91 96866 02068

EVENTS 30 Aug – 01 Sept 2018 Food Ingredients

UPCOMING EVENTS

Location: India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, New Delhi Organised by: UBM Website:https://www.figlobal.com/india/ The event show cases the entyre Indian sub-continent focused on food and health ingredients, processing and packaging industries.

04 - 06 September 2018

IRC

Location: Kuala Lumpur Organised by: International Rubber Conference Organisation Website: https://irc2018.com/ The International Rubber Conference is an association of rubber societies around the world which plan the calendar for the main international rubber conferences.

10 - 12 September 2018

Paper Middle East

Location: Egypt International Exhibition Centre, Cairo, Egypt (BCEC) Organised by: Nile Trade Fairs Egypt Website: http://www.papermideast.com/ This is the premier event for the Middle East & North Africa’s pulp, paper, tissue, paper board making and products industries.

19 - 21 September 2018

China International Chemical Industry Fair

Location: Shanghai New International Expo Centre, Shanghai, China Organised by: CCPIT Sub Council of Chemical Industry Website: http://en.icif.cn/ Platform for the petrochemicals and processing, basic inorganic chemicals, basic organic chemicals, agrochemicals, fine and specialty chemicals, new chemical materials, chemical equipment and engineering products, chemical control apparatus and instruments and other chemical services.

01 - 03 October 2018

CPI Conference

Location: Atlanta Marriot Marquis, Atlanta GA Organised by: Messe Düsseldorf GmbH Website: https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/2018-Polyurethanes-Technical-Conference.html This conference provides an opportunity for people from all sides of the flow control industry to come together to discuss experiences, share insights and work together to resolve common challenges.

04 - 06 October 2018

India Chem

Location: Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre, Mumbai India (BCEC) Organised by: FICCI Website: http://www.indiachem.in/ FICCI in association with the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Government of India presents India Chem 2018 to promote and accelerate the growth of the pharmaceutical and petrochemical sector.

18 - 20 October 2018

Biofuels & Bioenergy

Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Organised by: Conferenceseries.com Website: https://biofuels-bioenergy.conferenceseries.com/ The event brings together participants from all over the globe. Theme of the conference is “Biofuels and Bioenergy for Future” with an objective to empower the appealing research field alongside the need of commercialization by giving a chance to meet the specialists and business entrepreneurs in the field of Biofuels and Bioenergy.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Paint Production at its best! YSTRAL Conti-TDS Inline Dispersing

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Contact our regional subsidiary: ystral india pvt. ltd. ranga.rajan@ystralindia.com phone + 91 8049528787 ystral.com

Visit us at: Hall 6.0, Stand C61

PLASTICS AUTOMOTIVE

SPECIALTY ABS SOLUTIONS FOR AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR APPLICATIONS

BY CHRISTOPHE GINSS, NILS WITTENBERG AND JAN WEISS

n order to reduce the weight of cars and to enhance fuel efficiency, automotive designers started in the late 1950’s/early 1960’s to introduce applications based on plastics. Today, plastics makes up about 50 percent of the volume of a car – and less than 10 percent of its weight. Plastics can be found in a wide range of interior and exterior automotive applications today and it is fair to say that plastics contributes significantly to keeping us mobile, while at the same time the miles per gallon equivalent increases and the CO2 emission per mile decreases. INEOS Styrolution has been dedicated to the automotive industry for a very long time by contributing innovative styrenic specialty solutions to automotive OEMs. These styrenic solutions are dedicated to exterior and interior applications, twowheelers and trucks & agriculture vehicles. Interior applications are particularly demanding, since they require materials offering structural stability as well as surface quality and low emission. Typical applications include instrument panel components, center consoles, roof consoles and interior trim. With Luran® SC (ASA/ PC), Novodur® (ABS and ABS/PC),

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Terblend® N (ABS/PA) and Lustran® HH (ABS), the company offers a broad range of materials that are commonly used for interior automotive applications Interior applications are particularly demanding, since they require materials offering structural stability as well as surface quality and low emission. Typical applications include instrument panel components, center consoles, roof consoles and interior trim. With Luran® SC (ASA/ PC), Novodur® (ABS and ABS/PC), Terblend® N (ABS/PA) and Lustran® HH (ABS), the company offers a broad range of materials that are commonly used for interior automotive applications In 2016, in Germany, INEOS Styrolution launched a new ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) specialty grade called Novodur® Ultra 4255, which was specifically developed having in mind specific requirements of the automotive industry. The new material, an ABS copolymer blended with polycarbonate, features high impact strength at room temperature as well as at low temperatures, 100 percent ductility at -30°C, high heat resistance and best-in-class flowability making it particularly suitable for demanding

automotive interior applications like door panels, lower seat trims, center and overhead consoles or glove box doors and frames, just to name a few examples. An additional benefit of the material is its low emission and the fact that it is available in multiple colours. Novodur Ultra 4255, a member of the Novodur High heat family of materials, was developed in cooperation with INEOS Styrolution’s automotive customers, so it was no surprise that several automotive manufacturers started first tests with the new material soon after the initial introduction. A few examples give an indication of the results of the first evaluations. An iconic automotive manufacturer tested Novodur Ultra 4255 for developing a glove box door. Drivers for the decision were high impact strength, high heat resistance, scratch resistance and low emission. The manufacturer also benefited from the flowability and the related cost advantages for this application. The tests turned out to be very successful. They immediately triggered the idea to use the material not just for glove box doors, but a number of applications in the next generation of vehicles.

Another example was related to a leading component supplier for car manufacturers. The company was faced with the challenge to develop instrument panel clusters. The IP clusters were designed based on a well thought-through concept based on INEOS Styrolutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s materials. Especially, the stability of the components at high temperatures and the emission level were significantly better than the defined thresholds. Novodur Ultra 4255 contributed well to the overall solution and showed its strength in interior applications. Finally, another supplier of a leading globally recognised automotive brand selected Novodur Ultra 4255 as the material for seat belt pillars in a new line of vans. Decision criteria included heat resistance, impact strength, colouring and processability. Since the application addresses an area of safety, INEOS Styrolution supported the customer with so-called crash cards to enable the execution of crash test simulations.

Picture 1: A typical automotive interior application for innovative styrenic materials

Automotive exterior applications are as demanding as interior applications. However, materials used for exterior applications must meet different expectations. A recent example of a specialty styrenic solution for exterior automotive applications is the INEOS Styrolution grade LuranÂŽ HH-120. The material is an AMSAN copolymer grade that has just recently been enhanced. INEOS Styrolutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s HH (High-Heat) materials are known for their material properties including dimensional stability, rigidity, stiffness, heat resistance, UV resistance and colour fastness. Existing automotive applications based on Luran HH include roof spoiler winglets, pillar trims and many more applications. Based on OEM requirements related to improved scratch resistance, Luran HH-120 has been optimised to meet these needs. Indeed, early tests and initial customer feedback confirm that the new Luran High-Heat is considerably better in terms of scratch-resistance than other materials used for a similar purpose. In fact, it shows best-in-class results for uncoated and unpainted applications. Since gloss reduction as a result of daily routine is brought to a minimum, automotive exteriors will benefit from the enhanced material in their daily wear and tear. The enhanced scratch-resistance makes Luran HH-120 the perfect fit for demanding applications with a high gloss deep black surface.

Picture 2: Novodur granules

Picture 3: Typical automotive exterior application for innovative styrenic materials

Conclusion: Novodur Ultra 4255 is a unique material solution meeting the challenges of an automotive interior application. It offers a well balanced mix of properties including low temperature ductility, high impact strength, high heat resistance and low emission. Novodur Ultra 4255 also offers good flowability allowing for easy processability. Luran HH-120 is the material of choice for automotive exterior applications offering a well balanced mix of properties including dimensional stability, rigidity, stiffness, heat resistance, UV resistance, colour fastness and scratch-resistance.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Picture 4: Luran HH granules Author Christophe Ginss is Sales Director Automotive EMEA; Nils Wittenberg is Technical Product Manager Novodur (ABS), EMEA and Jan Weiss is Product Manager, Luran EMEA, all at INEOS Styrolution.

PLASTICS ELECTRIC VEHICLES

THE MOBILE FUTURE IS ELECTRIC

here were over two million electric cars on the world’s roads in 2016 according to information from the International Energy Agency. The number of electrically powered vehicles will rise significantly in the coming years. The Chinese market alone is showing high growth. In 2017, 777,000 electric vehicles were sold in China (new energy vehicles, including fuel cell, commercial vehicles, buses). This means an increase of 53 percent compared to the previous year, as the Center of Automotive Management announced in Bergisch Gladbach. From 2019, a minimum quota of 10 percent will also be introduced for electric vehicles in China. In Germany, market share doubled from 0.8 to 1.6 percent during the past year. The reasons for this include ambitious climate targets and the current debate about driving bans for diesel vehicles. Electromobility therefore has a strong future. The specialty chemicals company LANXESS is prepared for this. It has a wide range of high-performance plastics for use in electric vehicles. These light materials play an important role in the

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

weight of the vehicles. If electric vehicles are lighter, this means they have a greater range. The engine then needs to transport a lighter weight, less energy is required, and the battery is preserved.

Driving Further With Lightweight Materials “Our material developments focus particularly on applications for the electrification of the powertrain for manual and self-driving vehicles and on establishing the necessary infrastructures and logistics. An additional focus area is new lightweight materials and technologies, which help to increase the range of electric vehicles,” explained Jan Bender, head of marketing EMEA, high performance materials (HPM) business unit at LANXESS. Potential applications for thermoplastics from LANXESS, some of which are already established in mass production, involve components for charging systems, holders, and cell holders for battery systems in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. The materials also have great potential in the e-mobility infrastructure, such as

for housing parts, circuit breakers, or terminals for charging stations. In the case of autonomous driving, the polyamides and polyester are suitable for connectors from sensors, displays, and control units, for example. “Our highly filled polyamides and composites can also work well in the lightweight design of seat backrests and shells for new seating concepts,” said Bender.

New Material For Battery Components In cooperation with HELLA KGaA Hueck & Co, Lippstadt, LANXESS developed the new compound material Pocan AF4130. It serves as a housing material for a battery management unit (BMU) and two cell monitoring units (CMU). A BMU controls the CMUs, the high-voltage current sensor, and the isolation monitoring unit in the battery of electric and hybrid vehicles. Each cell monitoring unit is allocated to a module composed of a certain number of cells. The CMUs measure the voltage, current, and temperature in the individual cells, and compensate for voltage differences between

the cells of a module. The developed blend of PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) and ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylonitrile) contains 30 percent by weight of fiberglass and a halogenated flame-retardant package. “Particular strengths of the material include extremely low tendency to warp or shrink as well as high flame retardance. It has great potential for use with high-precision components for vehicle battery systems,” explained Marc Marbach, head of the E&E sales segment in the HPM business unit. The journey from initial idea and extensive testing to series application took just two and a half years. The material is used in lithium-ion battery systems for small vehicles.

Materials For New Communication Systems Another area of focus for material development at LANXESS is components for new communications systems in heavy traffic, which enables communication between vehicles, between vehicle and infrastructure, and remote diagnostics of the vehicle condition. Bender: “Here, we are thinking about components for adaptive cruise control or radar systems for collision avoidance, for example. Logistics concepts for urban transportation of goods using drones or self-driving electric vehicles are another interesting area of application for our materials.”

High Resistance

Battery Components For “Green Two-Wheel Options”

PBT has good electrical properties, is resistant to chemicals, and is thermally stable. It has already been used successfully in various electrical and electronic components for cars, including sensors, connectors, and actuator casings. However, special material developments are often required to meet the high specific requirements for battery components.

LANXESS has solutions for more than just electric vehicles. One interesting example is the new material Pocan AF 4110, which the Italian company Askoll uses for the battery casing in its electric scooters and e-bikes. The flame-retardant material is designed for complex, large casing parts in electrical and electronic applications, and has a very low warping tendency. It is also extremely

flame-retardant. “The new material is part of our comprehensive product range for electric vehicles. We see excellent growth prospects for our Pocan polyester and Durethan polyamides in this field, and we will continue to expand the range in close collaboration with our e-mobility development partners,” explained Bender.

Battery Components For “Green Two-Wheel Options” LANXESS has solutions for more than just electric vehicles. One interesting example is the new material Pocan AF 4110, which the Italian company Askoll uses for the battery casing in its electric scooters and e-bikes. The flame-retardant material is designed for complex, large casing parts in electrical and electronic applications, and has a very low warping tendency. It is also extremely flame-retardant. “The new material is part of our comprehensive product range for electric vehicles. We see excellent growth prospects for our Pocan polyester and Durethan polyamides in this field, and we will continue to expand the range in close collaboration with our e-mobility development partners,” explained Bender. Source: LANXESS

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

AGRICULTURE WOMEN FARMERS

IT IS TIME WE RECOGNIZE

WOMEN AS FARMERS

BY RAJESH AGGARWAL

t is ironical that when about a third of all cultivators and about 47 percent of agricultural laborers in the country are women, they are not even recognized as farmers, as per data compiled by United Nations Organization. Even the Census conducted by the government excluded them from formal definition of ‘Worker’. It is recognized by almost everyone, not just in India but across the world, that women lead to an increase in the farm output and the yields. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization says that if women farmers have similar access to modern productive resources as their male counterparts, they can have 20-30 percent higher yields from their farms. Even the famous agricultural scientist Dr. M. S. Swaminathan has stated that women were the ones domesticated crop plants first. It was women who established the art and science of farming. The men went

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

out hunting for food; women gathered seeds from nearby plants and started growing them for various needs like food, fodder and even fuel. Swaminathan also says that women have been very scientific in their approach and have used proper organic recycling on the farm and have been instrumental in maintaining genetic resistance of the crops. Thus they have played a very important role in conservation of key life support systems of land and water.

The Current Role and Benefits of Women in Agriculture The state and health of agriculture in India cannot be imagined without the role and contrition of women. According to the latest Census figures, about 90-100 million women are engaged in agriculture in the country and the agricultural output cannot be maintained without their contribution. About 85 percent of rural women depend

on agriculture for their livelihood in rural India. This is excluding women who are engaged in livestock, fisheries and other allied activities. It is high time we recognized them as farmers and also gave them support to carry on their livelihood through agriculture by way of inputs like modern agricultural techniques, better knowhow and seeds, and an overall conducive environment at the grassroots level. There is usually better crop rotation of those farms where women are primary cultivators. This is because men migrate annually to other parts of the country for a good part of the year and are not present to rotate crops and have 2-3 crops in a year. Women on the other hand usually do not migrate and can rotate the crops more regularly and timely. Thus the soil’s fertility and other aspects associated with proper crop rotation are better taken care of when

ÂŠAgroBusiness Times

a woman is looking after the farm. There is another reason for supporting women farmers. They are known to manage the family finances better and also send their children to better schools, sometimes even outside the village. Thus if women farmers are recognized, supported and nurtured an overall societal benefit would accrue.

Women Are Leading From the Front in Allied Activities If the role of women in other forms of agriculture like poultry farming, fisheries and others is taken into account, then their contrition becomes even bigger. Women account for 47 percent participations in tea plantations and cotton cultivation, about 45 percent in production of oil seeds and 39 percent in vegetable production. There are some success stories of women leading poultry farming and fisheries business in certain pockets of the country.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Men have minimal role in these activities in the said pockets.

Lack of Recognition and Support for Women Farmers Despite all this, women are not recognized for their contribution in the agricultural field. The gender discrimination is widespread and there is no parity among men, especially in rural India. Women in agricultural sector are only paid 70 percent of the menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wages. Then there are several cases of unpaid subsistence labor among the fairer sex. The gender discrimination also shows in the land ownership rights. Women generally do not have a right on property and even in cases of women having a right on the property; they have little control on decisions regarding their land holding. Another obstacle in the way of women farmers is little or no access to credit.

When they do not have property rights or assets in their name, they find it difficult to get loans that they can avail to have better farm equipmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s or superior farming techniques. There have been some attempts to provide education, skills, training and support to women in the past. But the attempts were far and few between and have failed to bear any identifiable results. They must be geared to shift their labor to export-oriented production. This will help them to have better income. Simultaneously, a concrete plan to change the financial and legal systems in the country must be laid down and implemented so as to bring about a change in the condition of women in agriculture in the country. This will also have the effect of increasing the agricultural output of the nation. Author Rajesh Aggarwal is Managing Director of Insecticides India Ltd.

REACTIVE DYES TEXTILE INDUSTRY WHITEPAPER

SMART ANCHORS MEET COTTON.

STAY COMPETITIVE New Remazol® SAM range Introduction Ternary dyeing on cotton with reactive dyes is subject to high competitive pressure. Pale to medium shades, as well as critical shades, such as grey and khaki, are requested to show perfect reproducibility and high light fastness. Dark and fully saturated

shades are requested to show good wet fastness and wash-off performance as well as low cost. DyStar®’s new Remazol® SAM range contains 12 dyes for benchmark setting in this environment.

Characteristics of the Remazol® SAM dyes Pale and Critical Shades There are 4 Remazol® SAM dyes for pale and critical shades with high fastness performance and dyeing robustness: Low photochromic golden yellow for trichromatic shades. Highly suitable for pale to medium shades. High fastness profile. High light fastness copper-free red for ternary shades. Fulfils all retailer requirements. Recommended in combination with Remazol® Yellow, Blue and Grey SAM. Clear, neutral blue with high light fastness for trichromatic shades. Good build-up. Good wash-off properties. Very good levelling properties, even in pale shades. Grey dye as a basis for difficult shades. Very high light fastness. Very good reproducibility. These dyes can be used for all pale to medium and critical shades and will fulfil even difficult fastness requirements like ISO 105-B07 (Nike® PLF) in both alkaline and acid as well as fastness to washing with activated bleach detergents (ISO 105-C09 / M&S® C10a / AATCC 190).

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Grey Shades Remazol® Grey SAM is an exceptional dye and a perfect basis for all difficult grey shades. It shows a very homogeneous on-tone build-up combined with high fastness levels.

Pale ternary dyeings with these Remazol® SAM dyes show a perfect homogeneous exhaustion and fixation. This supports level and reproducible dyeing results.

Medium to Dark Shades Medium to dark shades require low recipe cost, good reproducibility, robust fastness levels to comply with modern retailer performance requirements, and an easy wash-off behaviour.

The use of standard commodities is no longer possible in this environment. The new Remazol® SAM range contains 6 dyes for these specific requirements

Golden Yellow with high colour strength and very good build-up. Yellow basis for dark trichromatic combinations. Good overall fastness properties. Trichromatic strong reddish yellow for dark to very deep shades. Exceptional Washing-off and very good build-up behavior. Good overall fastness properties. Dark Red with high colour strength and good build-up properties. Red component for dark ternary combinations. Good overall fastness properties. Neutral blue dye for trichromatic shades. Good build-up. Good wash-off properties. For dark blue shades and as ternary blue with better light fastness. Excellent compatibility with all dyes from Remazol SAM and Remazol RGB range Neutral Dark Blue which also can be used as Navy. Good wash-off properties. Good overall fastness profile.

REACTIVE DYES TEXTILE INDUSTRY WHITEPAPER Salt and alkali amounts for reactive dyeings are calculated based on dyestuff amount. Because of their high colour yield, RemazolÂŽ SAM dyeings can help to reduce the salt consumption by up to 30 percent.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Special option Because of improved fixation yield and good wash-off behaviour of Remazol® SAM dyes, pale to medium shades can be produced by using the resource saving Cadira® Reactive process:

Cadira® Reactive uses selected Levafix® and Remazol® dyes with high fixation yield and good wash-off properties. As Cadira® Reactive promotes dyeing in LR 5:1, the fixation yield is even higher and amount of hydrolised dyes even further reduced. ●

Dyeing of cellulosic fibers in exhaust process with selected high fixation / good wash-off Levafix® and Remazol® dyes

●

Optimized dyeing process with improved dye fixation

●

Special wash-off process using high performance Sera® Fast C-RD

●

Recommended for up to 4 percent dye concentration in total on 100 percent Cotton

Remazol® SAM dye selection for Cadira® Reactive: Product

max. conc. in %

Remazol® Yellow SAM

1,5

Remazol® Red SAM

1,5

Remazol® Blue SAM

1,5

Remazol® Grey SAM

1,5

Remazol® Gold SAM

2,0

Remazol® Terra Cotta SAM 2,5 Remazol® Pacific SAM

2,5

Remazol® Space SAM

3,0

The total amount of dyes in a ternary recipe should not exceed 4 percent.

Special Shades The Remazol® SAM range contains 2 items for special shades.

Bright Orange to be used as a basis for bright Orange and Red shades. Cost-effective bright royal blue dye. Mainly to be used as self-shade for deepest Royal shades. Remazol® Royal SAM 01 should not be used in a concentration below 1 percent. Remazol® Royal SAM 01 needs an adjusted dyeing process

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

REACTIVE DYES TEXTILE INDUSTRY WHITEPAPER

Suitability for pad application Almost all Remazol® SAM dyes can also be used for Cold Pad Batch, Pad-Steam and Pad-Dry-Pad-Steam application

Notes:

Summary

In CPB we recommend for pale shades alkali method 2. At temperatures > 25°C tropical method 3 supplies better pad-liquor stability. Remazol Royal SAM should be used as a single shade. It is not suitable as a shading dye.

The Remazol® SAM range provides economical solutions for most retailer demands.

Explanation to alkali methods: Alkali 1 = Remazol Silicate 50 method Alkali 2= Levafix CA Silicate 50 method Alkali 3= Tropical Silicate Method The corresponding silicate free soda ash/caustic methods can be used either. But pad-liquor stability is lower if silicate free alkali is taken.

Trademarks: DyStar® and Remazol® are trademarks of DyStar Colours Distribution GmbH Nike® is a trademark of NIKE, Inc M&S® is a trademark of MARKS AND SPENCER plc, W2 1NW, London, GB bluesign® is a trademark of bluesign technologies ag Oeko-Tex is a trademark of Forschungsinstitut Hohenstein

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Remazol® SAM dyes show strong build-up and high fixation yield as well as good fastness profiles and robust dyeing behavior. Remazol® SAM dyes can be used in exhaust and pad application. That reduces the risk of color-inconstancy between different kinds of textile articles. All Remazol® SAM dyes are fully compliant with Standard 100 by Oeko-Tex® and they meet all relevant Restricted Substance Lists (RSL). They are bluesign® approved and have been submitted for GOTS classification.

Author Ulrich Hanxleden is Business Development Manager at DyStar Colours Distribution GmbH.

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CHEMICAL RISK TEXTILES

CHEMICAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING The Need For Chemical Management When we enter a store to buy a garment, the things that immediately grab our attention are its color, style, texture, material, fit and price. We do not bother to check if the garment contains any colors or chemicals or materials that can be harmful to our health or the environment. Nor do we

wonder whether the conditions in which the garment has been made have been safe to workers and the environment. The textile manufacturing process uses hundreds of chemicals and colorants from the fiber manufacture/cultivation stage right through spinning, weaving, knitting, processing, garment cut & sew to transportation and retail. Some of these chemicals are fixed on the fabric or garment

but can leach out on use, while those that are not fixed during the production process, are discharged from the production facility and enter the environment (river bodies/ soil) through the effluent and sludge. You may be surprised to know that more than 800 substances used in textile and leather production have been identified to be either harmful to human health or to the environment.

The table below lists the major chemical groups used in production and their harmful effects:

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

How To Manage Chemical Risks In the light of global developments such as the ZDHC Programme, legislation such as REACH and requirements by Suppliers to global apparel Brands & Retailers on chemical restrictions, chemical manufacturers must initiate actions to ensure that hazardous chemical substances are eliminated from their commercial formulations. The ZDHC Programme – which is an industry collaboration of 24 Signatory Brands, 47 Value Chain Associates and 15 Associates to implement sustainable chemistry and environmental best practices in the textile and leather supply chain – has published a Manufacturing Restricted Substances List (MRSL) that has become the industry standard on restrictions in

input chemicals used in a textile or leather manufacturing facility. The MRSL lists all substances that are not to be used intentionally in commercial chemical formulations, while allowing for limit values for unintentional contaminations.

and resultant degrees of confidence of compliance. The ‘entry level 0’ is only a self- declaration from the manufacturer, while Level 1 pertains to certifications that confirm Product-Level conformity through testing or other forms of evaluation.

Chemical manufacturers can register on the ZDHC Chemical Gateway and upload their products and ZDHC approved certifications to communicate conformity of their products with the ZDHC MRSL. The Chemical Gateway is a database of MRSL -conformant chemicals that will be accessed by Suppliers of ZDHC Signatory Brands to make informed decisions when purchasing chemicals for their production processes. Existing certifications have been approved by ZDHC and graded into Levels (from 0- 3) based upon their merits

Level 2 and 3 of the ‘pyramid’ point to increased confidence of MRSL conformance by including Product Stewardship, Quality Management Systems and Audits of the manufacturing site. Certifications such as GOTS, EcoPassport, GreenScreen, ToxFMD, NimkarTek Detox Lab Test Report, NFL and Scivera Lens have been approved by ZDHC as meeting the MRSL conformance (Level 1) norms. BLC-Chem MAP is approved for Level 1 and 3, Control Union Certifications at Level 2 and 3, while bluesign is approved for Level 3.

The ZDHC MRSL After uploading their products, a chemical manufacturer can download a ‘CHEMCHECK’ Report, which is a ZDHC MRSL Conformity Certificate. It is an assurance to customers that the product has been verified to the ZDHC MRSL Conformance Standard. The CHEMCHECK Report contains the Product Summary, along with a description of the ZDHC MRSL Conformance Level and lists the product certifications and an SDS summary. It also gives details about

CHEMCHECK Report

the manufacturer and its location. The CHEMCHECK Report thus becomes an easy tool for a chemical manufacturer to communicate ZDHC MRSL conformance. In this way, Suppliers purchasing these chemicals are assured of reduction in the use of hazardous substances in their manufacturing process. Textile dye houses and garment laundries can access the Gateway- Chemical Module and search for MRSL conformant chemical

formulations. They can also check if the chemicals in their current inventory are listed on the Gateway as well as the Confidence Level of each chemical. The idea is to motivate these manufacturing facilities to include higher levels of MRSL conformant chemicals in their inventory. In this way, the risks of harmful substances being used in their input chemicals is greatly reduced and will lead to a cleaner production in terms of final product, wastewater and sludge discharge.

Author Prasad Pant is Director, South Asia at ZDHC Foundation.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

EXPERT VIEWPOINT FERTILIZERS

ENRICHING THE

INDIAN SOIL Dr. Rajiv Kumar Gupta (IAS), Managing Director, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd (GNFC), delves into the ways in which India’s fertilizer industry is meeting the growing demands of the country with innovation and technology.” BY SHIVANI MODY Trends in Indian fertilizers market. India is the second largest consumer of chemical fertilizers in the world. The annual growth rate of fertilizer production in India since FY 13 is 4 percent at a compounded annual rate. Given that the food demand is only likely to increase in India and available cultivable land being limited, it is only possible that the demand for fertilizer is also going to increase. India’s requirement of major fertilizers like Urea, DAP, and MOP stands at roughly 300 Lakhs MT, 90 Lakhs MT and 60 Lakhs MT respectively against the domestic production of approximately, 250 lakhs MT, 40 to 45 Lakhs MT of Urea and DAP respectively. There is no domestic production of MOP as of now. It is evident that the mismatch between demand and supply is significant. The current Indian government’s fertilizer policy is expected to reduce dependency on

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

imports of fertilizers, in turn promoting the indigenous production and giving a thrust to Make in India program. In view of this, the Indian fertilizer sector has ‘tremendous’ potential for growth, in the coming years. On the other hand, 100 percent neem coating of urea and introduction of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) has also improved efficiency of urea application and better availability of fertilizers to farmers.

Corresponding scenario of the chemicals market. Indian Chemical Sector is worth nearly $150-155 billion at present and is growing at 9-10 percent annually. It is expected to double its size to $300 billion by 2025. The manufacturing sector has a dependency on the chemical industry for its growth and increase in manufacturing activity will automatically lead to higher demand for chemicals. To meet the growing internal demand, the Government of India has also introduced new policies to promote the

domestic industry and curbing imports. Chemical and Petro-Chemical Department is working on a draft chemical policy, with a focus on meeting the rising demand of chemicals domestically and reducing the dependence on imports.

Opportunities for the fertilizers industry in India. First of all, it is encouraging to see that there is an ever increasing demand in the fertilizer industry. This also provides opportunity to develop new products which are more efficient, by making provisions in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) to facilitate sale and use of such fertilizers. In India, there is a huge scope for production and use of micro nutrients, as there are deficiencies of elements like sulphur, boron, zinc, Iron, manganese etc. Also, there are opportunities in 100 percent water soluble fertilizers and slow release fertilizers to enhance the efficiency of utilization.

Company’s business gamut.

Challenges faced by fertilizer manufacturers.

GNFC is facilitating around 1 million MT of fertilizers to farmers. It has manufacturing facility for Urea and Ammonium Nitro phosphate 20:20:0 (ANP), under Brand “Narmada.” Urea plant has design production capacity of 5,94,000 MTPA, but due to improved capacity utilization, Department of Fertilizer, GOI had fixed re-assessed capacity of 6,36,900 MTPA. Presently company produces nearly 700,000 MTPA fertilizer grade Urea. GNFC’s Urea is one of the most preferred brand in the state with farmers willing to wait for “Moti ka Dana” Narmada Urea, for their consumption. Ammonium Nitro Phosphate (ANP) is very popular phosphatic fertilizer in farmers, having double Nitrogen, Ammonical Nitrogen and another Nitrate Nitrogen. Both gives required nutrient to the plant at appropriate time. Having installed capacity of 142,500 MTPA, GNFC is operating the plant over 215,000 MTPA. Higher production was possible through in-house modifications and innovations.

The main challenges which manufacturers face in the fertilizers industry are:-

Increasing the availability options of phosphatic fertilizers, GNFC trades into DAP and SSP fertilizers and makes them available to farmers. In coming years GNFC intends to increase the share of traded fertilizers to make more options available to the farmers.

New product development by the company. (A) Di-Calcium Phosphate Project: GNFC has entered into a Joint Venture (JV) agreement with Ecophos, Belgium and a new company in the name of EcoPhos GNFC India Pvt Ltd (EGIL) has been incorporated to establish 200,000 MTPA capacity Di-calcium Phosphate (DCP) project at Dahej. The estimated cost of the project is 538 crores with equity investment of GNFC and Ecophos in the ratio of 15:85 respectively. By this way of long term tie up for effective use of HCL with EGIL, company would be able to monetize it and the issue of its disposal would also be eliminated. This would also enhance the profitability of our TDI-II Dahej plant. Project execution activities are in progress and project is expected to be completed by mid-2019. (B) The Neem Project: Our flagship program, GNFC Neem Project needs no introduction. The project has today grown by leap and bounds and has generated livelihood and additional income to the tune of Rs. 45 Crores to rural masses, especially women in more than 53 districts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, etc. and was recently launched in Uttar Pradesh. Under the forward integration model of Neem Project, nearly 20 different Neem products like Neem Soap, Neem Handwash, Neem Shampoo, Neem mosquito repellent, Neem Facewash, Neem Hair Oil etc have been added to our product basket. Our products have received massive response from the market and that has exponentially boosted our morale. Other than the conventional marketing strategies, we have been adopting unique ways for marketing our Neem products by opening dedicated Neem stores and Neem parlours across various cities. We are also targeting to place our Neem products in more than 1 lakh retail shops within the next 6 months. Large scale Neem seed expelling / extraction unit to produce about 2,900 MT Neem oil and about 22,000 MT per annum Neem cake is also being set up and is expected to be ready by December 2018. Neem oil-based products including Neem soap, moisturizing cream, hand sanitiser, Scrub, Body oil, Tooth Paste, Shaving cream etc. are also being developed.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

• Working capital intensive business since payments have to be done almost up front and collections come at much later stage. • Capital intensive business since any Greenfield / Brownfield expansion involves investment in few hundred crores. • Low return on capital employed especially in case of complex fertilizers where competition is steep and input costs are having international prices sensitivity. • Overdue fixed cost revision is creating stressful situation for Urea units. • Policy based revision are overdue to be paid which is locking up further working capital in the process.

Impact of Government regulations on fertilizers industry. Being a progressive Government at helm, the guidelines are in the overall interest of industry as well as end users/consumers. However policy guideline changes, if any, need some transition time to settle in and has certain possibility of tying-up more capital during the process - for example, DBT roll out is likely to have working capital implication on fertilizers industry for which representations are made for some increase in fixed cost. Some of the guidelines and regulations have impact in the form of timing difference for cash flow generation for example, production beyond Re-Assessed Capacity (RAC) are normally recognized for subsidy after some time lag which means locking up of more capital in the business.

Issues faced due to raw materials price dynamics for fertilizers business. For the Urea business most of the major raw materials (feedstock prices) are part of the variable cost which is reimbursed by Government. However the challenges are different in the case of complex fertilizers where sales prices are market driven whereas input prices variability can create a situation whereby margins may get eroded. We manufacture Ammonium Nitro Phosphate (ANP) by oil-based Ammonia, where the increase in the oil prices have impacted the margins to some extent. Since most of the inputs are driven by the dynamics of the international pricing, it becomes extremely challenging for us to retain consistently low prices.

Vision 2020. GNFC is a long-term debt free company now. In the medium term, we plan to enhance our production capacities through Greenfield/ Brownfield projects. GNFC Management has already approved certain Capex plans for its existing products like Acetic Acid, Formic Acid, Concentrated Nitric Acid which will add up to our revenues and help increase our market share. We plan to do value addition in those areas where we have proven technical and managerial stronghold without incurring substantial debt burden in the process. To sum up, our vision is to grow organically without incurring much debt and at the same time reward our long-standing shareholders and investors. To read the full interview, visit http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicaltoday/digitalissue.html

EXPERT VIEWPOINT INKS AND PIGMENTS

ADDING COLORS TO TECHNOLOGY

Sambit Roy, Regional Business Head-Pigment, India Region, Clariant discusses the opportunities that the inks & pigments industry has in the fast-growing Indian economy. BY SHIVANI MODY Trends in inks & pigments industry on a global level. The global pigments market size was valued at $32.7 billion in 2015 and is expected to garner $43.03 billion by 2022, registering a CAGR of 4 percent during the forecast period 2022. The market is expected to be driven by the growing demand in AsiaPacific and rapidly increasing demand from existing applications. The global printing inks market is expected to reach over US$25 billion by 2025, expanding at a CAGR of 4.6 percent from 2017 to 2025. On the basis of geography, the Asia-Pacific region currently represents the largest market accounting for around one-third of the total global consumption. The increasing demand can be directly attributed to the developing economies of Asia-Pacific and South America which are witnessing rapid urbanization. Due to the change in trends, the traditional, family owned sheet-fed ink companies that

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

were once numerous have now declined in number along with the small sheet-fed printers. Over the past couple of years, the market has been mainly driven by advancements in technology and processes such as ink-jet products and digital printing. As the sector continues to grow, various strategies have been adopted by leading players in the industry to achieve additional market share which include new product launches, joint ventures, acquisition, partnership, expansion and investments. In the past few years, the consumption of printing inks has increased due to the growth in publishing, packaging industries and Inkjet Printing. Other factors like affordability, constant innovations and popularity of environment-friendly inks are also encouraging the growth of the global ink market. Additionally, companies are continuously investing in R&D to come up with unique and customized applications for their customers. With a strong backing and a high demand from key end user

segments, the ink and pigment market is expected to maintain its current healthy trend for a number of years to come.

Advancement in colourants demand. The landscape for colourants is fast changing as technology and global economics have exerted pressure on the industry to continuously evolve and innovate. The colourant market is driven by a number of factors like increasing demand from high performance pigments application, recent developments in end-user industries and rising inclination towards environmentfriendly products. The major driving factors for the colourant markets is the growth in the end-user industries, increase in per capita consumption of textiles, enhanced standard of living and rising demand for environmental-friendly products. Colourant companies are building and maintaining production and laboratory facilities at a global scale to keep up to

the demands of the ever increasing global customers. The printing ink industry is moving on from traditional toluene and ketone based inks to non-toulene and nonketone (NTNK) systems. The demand for UV/EB curable inks is also increasing at a faster pace. The evolution and expansion of color space with IR reflective technologies also continues to gain momentum. Moreover, the transition from traditional to modern methods is bound to change the trends in the ink and pigment sector in the coming years. As the manufacturers get to know about the benefits of newer technologies, everyday life can become better and certainly more colorful for end users and consumers.

Fast growing sectors in Asia Pacific. The APAC region accounts for nearly half of the global consumption of pigments and is expected to increase its share in the market even further. There has been a significant demand for products like titanium dioxide which is currently dominating the pigment market, given its widespread use in paints, varnishes and the processing of plastics. This has resulted in a greater demand for higher quality and more consistent pigments which are both color stable and viscosity stable, compatible with a wide range of resin systems and print on a wide variety of substrates. Printing inks are set to develop in a more dynamic way due to the growing market for printed packaging. With a robust demand in the printing ink sector, the market is projected to register steady growth in the coming years. There has been a significant increase in water and solvent-based packaging inks in the recent years and the trend in the packaging ink market segment is moving towards functional and sensory packaging.

Growth potential for organic pigments. Organic pigments market is expected to witness substantial growth on account of its usability in various end-user industries like printing inks, paints and coatings, plastics, rubber and textiles. Furthermore, use of organic pigments as colorants in textile and plastic industries is expected to contribute to its market growth. Additionally, organic pigments are cost effective, non-toxic and possess good color strength which makes them a good choice for their use across various end-use sectors. In inks, the rising applications in end-use industries such as food and beverages, printing, packaging and publication industry is expected to propel the growth of global printing inks market in the coming

years. The global printing inks market is driven by the growth in the packaging industry in countries such as the US, China and India and the use of printing inks in packaging industry is expected to further rise during the forecast period on account of their increasing applications in tags, labels, metal cans and flexible materials. Rising penetration of bio-based products in various end-use industries such as food and beverages, packaging and printing is expected to aid in the growth of printing inks market during the forecast period owing to their cost-effective and environment-friendly nature. Additionally, growing trend for adopting environmentfriendly printing inks such as water-based and UV-cured printing inks techniques in the global printing inks market is expected to improve the efficiency and reduce the harmful effects of inorganic and toxic materials used in conventional printing inks.

End user industry demands. There has been a considerable demand for specialty chemicals in the domestic market due to a number of factors like low cost of production and availability of skilled labor in the country. Growing middle-class population with an increasing disposable income, strong export demand and high domestic demand for construction and agriculture-related chemicals is bound to drive growth in the future. The awareness of ink migration in food packaging is steadily growing and hence FSSAI recently came out with a regulation around the usage of food-safe packaging which is expected to give a boost to low migration inks in the packaging subsegment. It has also released a draft for food safety regulation for the packaging of food products in November 2017 to raise the bar for packaging safety for food products. Due to a number of regulations in place, ink manufacturers are becoming more vigilant and demanding for regulatory compliances for each and every raw material.

Companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inks & pigments business in India. Clariant is a leading global provider of organic pigments, pigment preparations and dyes used in coatings, printing, plastics, consumer products and other special applications. Our broad portfolio includes high-performance pigments to meet the growing demands of the automotive, architectural and plastics industries as well as colourants used in ink jet. Our products have a reputation for technical performance and quality owing to the decades of experience in the industry and our global and regional technical service centers.

Clariant proactively ensures its products meet international standards and strives for being at the forefront of environmental, health and safety performance. Keeping in mind the changing trend and continuous innovation, the company has introduced a range of new pigments as per industry demands and is also working on a few more projects. Clariant recently doubled the capacity of pigment preparations at its production facility in Roha to keep up with the growing demand of pigments with its consumer. Clariant has also developed tailor-made pigment preparations to outfit flexographic ink demands. Furthermore, Clariant has also focused on the promotions of its Hostajet range of preparations due to the rising activities in the pigmented inkjet inks for textile applications. Hostajet preparations are aqueous nano-dispersed pigment preparations based on polymeric dispersants and ink jet quality pigments and allows manufacturing of state-ofthe-art ink jet inks with no additional dispersing needed.

Focus on R&D and innovation. Clariant in India believes that by continuous monitoring of evolving industry trends and customer requirements is able to provide customers with innovative and technologically advanced solutions. Although vinyl inks led the solvent-based ink markets in terms of revenue in 2015, polyurethane & NTNK PU has started capturing the market at faster pace and hence Clariant is now focused on colorants range suitable for PU inks applications. Clariant has also introduced new PY 14, PR 146, PB 15;3, PR 57:1 range of ink which are suitable for PU ink application that meets requirement of high speed printings.

Incorporating sustainability. At Clariant, sustainability is an integral part of the way we work to build a competitive advantage through differentiation; support profitable growth and create added value for stakeholders. For us, sustainability means to bring in balance in environmental, social and economic performance. Sustainability enhances innovative ways to do our business. We have set up a Sustainability Council that nurtures sustainable practices of the company in a holistic manner. Clariant customers too have gradually moved to more sustainable materials because consumers today prefer greener products as they are energy efficient, durable and often have low maintenance requirements. Therefore, Clariant has come up with solutions that are more environmentally friendly without compromising on performance.

To read the full interview, visit http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicaltoday/digitalissue.html

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

EXPERT VIEWPOINT INKS AND PIGMENTS

CHANGING COLOURS WITH CHANGING TIMES

Jeff Okaichi, Director and Vice President, Toyocolor Co Ltd (Toyo Ink Group company), focuses on the growing dynamics of the inks and pigments industry due to wider application range and need for innovative ink and pigment solutions. BY SHIVANI MODY Global trends in inks & pigments industry. Increased global awareness with respect to food safety and reducing the impact of packaging on the environment has been driving the demand for packaging inks and materials with lower migration or enhanced eco-friendly characteristics. The demand for clean, sustainable pigments, including aqueous types and compositions free of VOCs, halogens and amines continues to grow. While our food packaging grade of organic pigments, resins and inks have been specially formulated to meet todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strictest environmental requirements, we continuously focus on the development of high grade pigment technology that imparts the higher color stability and viscosity levels that will be required by the next-generation of inks, paints and coatings.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

We continue to see growing interest in UV and digital printing markets which has been driving the demand for high quality pigment dispersions to help formulate inks and coatings for these applications. As such, the challenge for pigment manufacturers is to develop pigment formulations that can meet the varying quality requirements in terms of particle size and electrical conductivity. We expect to see new developments in UV- and inkjetgrade technology and their materials for high-speed commercial printing in years to come.

Advancement in colour demand for inks & pigments. Toyocolor dispersion processing technology is used in carbon nanotubes and other nextgeneration inorganic materials to support the future evolution of color materials. As

part of our growth strategy, we are working to develop innovative pigments that help manufacturers meet the functional and performance demands of advanced inks and coatings. Specifically, we will be working to develop and expand sales of products using unique pigments and nano-level dispersion technologies, including products with optical and insulation functions that are relatively new to the market. Another growing market for us is carbon black dispersions that deliver a deep black color for automotive applications.

Fastest growing segments in Asia Pacific markets. The growth of digital printing is a trend that Toyo Ink Group is following closely. Global demand for inkjet (IJ) ink for smalllot printing is expected to increase for years to come. As such, our parent company

Toyo Ink SC Holdings plans to increase its production of eco-friendly IJ ink and its dispersions, both in Japan and abroad. In particular, our sister subsidiary Toyo Ink will be constructing a production system for eco-friendly IJ ink grades, both waterbased and UV. To meet with this increased demand, Toyocolor will also enlarge our product portfolio of eco-friendly IJ grades of pigments and IJ pigment dispersions.

Growth potential of organic pigments, inks, resins. We continue to see growing interest in UV and digital printing markets which has been driving the demand for high quality pigment dispersions to help formulate inks and coatings for these applications. As such, the challenge for pigment manufacturers is developing pigment formulations that can meet the varying quality requirements in terms of particle size and electrical conductivity. The Toyo Ink Group is working to develop UV- and inkjet-grade technology and their materials for highspeed commercial printing in years to come.

Company’s business in Asia Pacific and India. Since the establishment of Toyo Ink India in 2007, the Toyo Ink Group has steadily created an infrastructure on which it has built a broad production, sales and logistics network in the country. Toyo Ink India first began manufacturing offset inks at its Delhi plant in 2008 and then expanded production there to include inkjet inks in 2011 and gravure inks for the food packaging sector in 2012. In 2014, the company inaugurated its second offset ink production site in India - in Dahej, Gujarat State. Adhesives and plastic colorants production was later added to this site, further diversifying our product offerings to the region. Toyocolor is currently producing organic pigments in Japan, China, India and France. In 2013, in Ankleshwar, India, the Toyo Ink Group established Heubach Toyo Colour Pvt Ltd, a manufacturing joint venture for azo pigments with Heubach Colour Pvt Ltd. Heubach Toyo Colour supplies the Group to meet our internal consumption requirements for highquality and cost-competitive materials as well as offer pigment products to our global customers. In China, Jiangsu Toyo Renxin Pigment Co Ltd, a Toyo Ink Group subsidiary, engages in the sale of organic pigment products in China and the sale of products for export to overseas markets. Toyocolor is also

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carrying out production at our Fuji Factory in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In addition, with a head office and mother factory located in Japan, the Group’s ink production foothold spans 10 countries in Asia, ranging from China, Korea, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and Singapore.

Catering to R&D and Innovation. Toyocolor is focusing its development efforts on innovative pigments that offer added-value properties, major efficiency or productivity advantages in the dispersion process, such as the HAYABUSA line of pigments and pigment dispersions. Toyocolor developed a new pigment dispersion method that allows manufacturers to control nano-sized pigment particles for the creation of inks and coatings with ultra-high levels of transparency and color strength, the likes of which have never been seen before. HAYABUSA color materials have been widely accepted in water-based IJ inks and in a diverse array of lifestyle products that demand eye-catching effects, contour or color shades. In addition, HAYABUSA offers the environmental benefits of processing time reductions and less material wastage due to its high color strength.

Incorporating sustainability quotient. Changes in the regulatory environment have been driving innovation in pigment development. In the years to come, we can expect to see compliance regulations to intensify as greater environmental regulations related to the use of eco-friendly clean material alternatives, resulting in increased demand for high-performance pigments, functional and clean pigments. As such, Toyocolor has long been working to develop high-grade pigments with extremely low to zero halogen content. As regulatory pressures grow to reduce the amount of halogenated substances in consumer products, we will further boost our high grade pigment portfolio with controlled halogen levels to support halogen-free compliance. Increased global awareness with respect to food safety and reducing the impact of packaging on the environment has been driving demand for packaging materials with lower migration or enhanced ecofriendly characteristics. As a result of this, the demand continues to grow for clean, sustainable pigments, including aqueous types and compositions free of VOCs, halogens and amines. While our food

packaging grade of organic pigments, resins and inks have been specially formulated to meet today’s strictest environmental requirements, we continuously focus on the development of high-grade pigment technology that imparts the higher color stability and viscosity levels that will be required by the next-generation of inks, paints and coatings. In line with these trends, we carefully select and test raw materials for impurities and migration potential to ensure that product quality is at a consistently high level.

Raw material challenges. Many of the raw materials and intermediates supplier for pigments are located in China. In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented strict environmental restrictions on industry waste and pollution. As environmental pressure from the government continues to intensify, some intermediate producers do not have the financial strength to make the additional investment needed to meet environmental protection standards. We have been seeing many producers being forced to reduce production or exit the market altogether. This all makes for a difficult supply situation for raw materials, keeping market prices at elevated levels.

Issues faced by inks & pigments manufacturers. Our customers expect us to provide a stable supply of consistent quality pigments worldwide. Regardless of the supply situation in China or elsewhere, Toyo color’s focus has always been on ensuring a long-term consistent supply of high quality products. To this end, the Toyo Ink Group as a whole has designed a global supply chain network by allying with supply chain partners to hedge supply risks. In this way, we are able to overcome strategic supply challenges and maintain supply chain flexibility.

Competitive edge among peers in the industry. Our strength lies in our totally integrated production system in which we produce our own raw materials, from pigments and resins to ink and other finished products. This enables us to custom-design inks from the materials stage to meet the customer’s exacting specifications. In addition, for over a century, we have developed and accumulated our own core technologies such as colorant design, polymer design and dispersion processing, thus ensuring the delivery of a consistently high quality, highly reliable product to our customers.

GREEN CHEMISTRY Researchers to develop greener parts for transport industry

niversity of Portsmouth researchers are at the forefront of a drive to develop environmentally-friendly materials from agricultural waste for use in the automotive, marine and aerospace industries. A team from the University’s School of Engineering are producing and developing lightweight materials from farming leftovers (agriculture biomass) – a process that could provide significant environmental benefits. The sustainable composite materials are produced from flax, hemp, jute and waste biomass date palm fibres to provide parts like car bumpers and door linings – mainly non-structural components. Using natural plant fibres for composite manufacturing has the potential to provide farmers with extra income and reduce C02 emissions from the burning of waste. “We are working to address the key challenges of using natural reinforced composites for structural and semistructural applications such as internal engine covers, seat back and roof structures, among others.

Science and Manufacturing explored the potential of waste leaf sheath date palm fibres for composite reinforcement. Date palm is cultivated extensively in North Africa and the Middle East and the accumulated bio-waste of plant fibres is in the order of millions of tonnes per annum. While there are a number of traditional uses of this bio-waste (including ropes and baskets), a large amount of the residue is burnt or land-filled. The study looked at the structure, physiochemical and mechanical properties of date palm fibres to assess whether they had the potential as reinforcements for composite materials. It found they could be cost-effective and environmentally-friendly reinforcements for better impact resistance and improved damping properties. This investigation looked at the relationships of property structures. It showed that components such as door linings, front and rear car bumpers and parcel shelves

could be manufactured reinforcements.

using

these

One of the issues with materials created from natural fibres is the lower strength compared to carbon and glass fibre composites, as they are susceptible to increased moisture absorption. A study published in Composites Science and Technology (Almansour et al, 2018) tested the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of a composite of flax and basalt fibres. The study revealed that this hybrid of natural and basalt fibres had high mechanical strength. “The way forward for natural fibre composites to be used in structural applications would be a combination of both materials (natural and synthetic fibres) with a hybrid approach. Meeting these challenges requires further research and innovation between academic institutions and industry,” Dr Dhakal.

“The impact of this work would be extremely significant because these lightweight alternatives could help reduce the weight of vehicles, contributing to less fuel consumption and fewer C02 emissions. The sustainable materials can be produced using less energy than glass and carbon fibres and are biodegradable, therefore easier to recycle,” said Dr Hom Nath Dhakal, who leads the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (AMM) Research Group at the University. Dr Dhakal and his team have been working closely with industry to address these problems and test the strength and viability of parts made from the sustainable materials. These test results are compared to that of hybrids of the natural materials with more traditional glass and carbon fibres. The AMM Research Group has been working in collaboration with researchers from various institutions from around the world. In the last 12 months, the group has published many high impact factor papers in journals including the Composites Science and Technology, Composites Part A and Composites Part B. A recent collaborative study, published in the journal of Composite Part A: Applied

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Dr Hom Nath Dhakal

Organic printing inks may restore sight to blind people

One of the research leaders, Eric Glowacki, measures the electrical response of the neurostimulation devices to pulses of red light

simple retinal prosthesis is being developed in collaboration between Tel Aviv University in Israel and LiU. Fabricated using cheap and widelyavailable organic pigments used in printing inks and cosmetics, it consists of tiny pixels like a digital camera sensor on a nanometric scale. Researchers hope that it can restore sight to blind people. Researchers led by Eric Glowacki, principal investigator of the organic nanocrystals subgroup in the Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linkoping University, have developed a tiny, simple photoactive film that converts light impulses into electrical signals. These signals in turn stimulate neurons (nerve cells). The research group has chosen to focus on a particularly pressing application, artificial retinas that may in the future restore sight to blind people. The Swedish team, specializing in nanomaterials and electronic devices, worked together with researchers in Israel, Italy and Austria to optimise the technology. Experiments in vision restoration were carried out by the group of Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv University in Israel. Yael Hanein’s group is a world-leader in the interface between electronics and the nervous system.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

The results have recently been published in the prestigious scientific journal Advanced Materials.

transparent at these wavelengths. This raises the possibility of other applications in humans in the future,” said Glowacki.

Photoactive material

Microscopic donut

The retina consists of several thin layers of cells. Light-sensitive neurons in the back of the eye convert incident light to electric signals, while other cells process the nerve impulses and transmit them onwards along the optic nerve to an area of the brain known as the “visual cortex”. An artificial retina may be surgically implanted into the eye if a person’s sight has been lost as a consequence of the light-sensitive cells becoming degraded, thus failing to convert light into electric pulses.

He describes the artificial retina as a microscopic doughnut, with the crystalcontaining pigment in the middle and a tiny metal ring around it. It acts without any external connectors, and the nerve cells are activated without a delay.

The artificial retina consists of a thin circular film of photoactive material, and is similar to an individual pixel in a digital camera sensor. Each pixel is truly microscopic – it is about 100 times thinner than a single cell and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of a human hair. It consists of a pigment of semi-conducting nanocrystals. Such pigments are cheap and non-toxic, and are commonly used in commercial cosmetics and tattooing ink. “We have optimised the photoactive film for near-infrared light, since biological tissues, such as bone, blood and skin, are most

“The response time must be short if we are to gain control of the stimulation of nerve cells,” said David Rand, postdoctoral researcher at Tel Aviv University. “Here, the nerve cells are activated directly. We have shown that our device can be used to stimulate not only neurons in the brain but also neurons in non-functioning retinas.”

WCMM Glowacki and his research group work at the Laboratory of Organic Electronics in Norrkoping, Sweden. The research group is part of a larger research initiative called the Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, WCMM, at Linkoping University. This initiative has created the unique environment necessary to develop this technology in a collaboration between nanomaterials scientists, biomedical engineers, and biologists.

GREEN CHEMISTRY

Greener Blue Jeans Only when leaves are damaged is indican released from this compartment. The sugar protective cage is removed, allowing a chemical change that makes indigo. Green leaves turn blue. Dueber’s lab very recently identified the plant enzyme that is essential for adding the protective sugar cage. They plan to insert its gene into bacteria. Hundreds of gallons of the harmless bacteria growing in fermentation tanks would churn out indican, held within the sugar’s molecular embrace. Later, outside the cell, a second enzyme could remove the protective glucose cage, triggering the final chemical transition to indigo. The result: environmentally cleaner jeans. “We thought going back to the plants would be smart. If we can identify the enzyme the plants use to produce the sugar cage and clone its gene, we think the microbes can make large quantities of indican for dyeing jeans without the use of ‘dirty chemicals’,” Dueber said. The process would be cleaner in another way. Current indigo production starts with petroleum. But the microbes thrive on cheap and plentiful glucose. Grad students Tammy Hsu and Zachary Russ worked in a greenhouse last summer, planting seeds, harvesting about a pound of green leaves from a Japanese indigo plant and grinding them up. “As you grind the leaves,” Dueber said, “they turn into a blue paste because you have released indican from its sugar cage.”

John Dueber (right) and bioengineering graduate student Zach Russ examine a culture of indigo-producing E. coli bacteria. Photo: Peg Skorpinski

ho doesn’t like blue jeans? They’re practically wrinkle-proof. The indigo dye that provides their distinctive color holds up to detergents, but ages into that soft, worn look. No wonder the average American wears jeans four days a week. No wonder it’s a $66 billion a year industry, with three billion pairs of jeans manufactured each year. Indigo is one of the oldest dyes used for coloring textiles. Commercial synthesis of indigo dye replaced the plant source around 1900. Today, the jean industry uses about 40,000 tons of indigo a year. But there is a dark side. Industrial synthesis of indigo from petroleum is a “dirty” chemical process. Chemical production of indigo

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

into an effective dye requires a chemical that becomes toxic to fish and some other aquatic life. And when sent to waste water treatment plants, it severely corrodes the piping. Jeans manufacturers are interested in finding a cleaner route to produce the iconic dye. Berkeley bioengineering professor John Dueber has studied the chemical steps plants use to naturally make indigo, and he thinks he has found an environmentally green way for the industry to churn out the dye without use of the toxic compound. When plant leaves are healthy, a chemical precursor to indigo, called indican, is caged within a sugar molecule and isolated from the rest of the cell in an organelle.

Dueber’s project is supported by a five-year Bakar Fellowship. “I’m excited to be part of this fellowship that connects us with people who can help us identify exactly what we should be filing patents on, and how much proof-of-concept work should be done before we file,” he said. “My students want to move their research into the commercial world. For the next five years, they’ll be able to learn from experts who know this world. It’s a fantastic opportunity for all of us.” The Berkeley indigo research started in 2013 as an entrant in an undergraduate competition called iGEM-the International Genetically Engineered Machines. Dueber advised the Berkeley team. “Students want to make a difference with their research,” Dueber said. “We’re still going to focus our research on academically interesting questions, but when there are industrial applications, we want to be aware of that. We’d all like to see our indigo research lead to greener blue jeans.”

New printing technique uses cells, molecules to recreate biological structures

Cells spreading on the outside of a scaffold

esearchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a printing technique using cells and molecules normally found in natural tissues to create constructs that resemble biological structures. These structures are embedded in an ink which is similar to their native environment and opens the possibility to make them behave as they would in the body. This allows the researchers to observe how cells work within these environments and potentially enables them to study biological scenarios such as where cancer grows or how immune cells interact with other cells, which could lead to the development of new drugs. The technique combines molecular selfassembly, building structures by assembling molecules like Lego pieces, with additive manufacturing, similar to 3D printing, to recreate the complex structures. The structures can be manufactured under digital control and with molecular precision

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

which also enables the researchers to create constructs that mimic body parts or tissues for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine. The study is published in Advanced Functional Materials. “The technique opens the possibility to design and create biological scenarios like complex and specific cell environments, which can be used in different fields such as tissue engineering by creating constructs that resemble tissues or in vitro models that can be used to test drugs in a more efficient manner,” said professor Alvaro Mata, from Queen Mary’s School of Engineering and Materials Science.

Integrating control The technique integrates the micro- and macroscopic control of structural features that printing provides with the molecular and nano-scale control enabled by selfassembly. Because of this, it addresses a major need in 3D printing where

commonly used printing inks have limited capacity to actively stimulate the cells that are being printed. “This method enables the possibility to build 3D structures by printing multiple types of biomolecules capable of assembling into well defined structures at multiple scales. Because of this, the selfassembling ink provides an opportunity to control the chemical and physical properties during and after printing, which can be tuned to stimulate cell behaviour,” added PhD student Clara Hedegaard, leading author of the paper. The study was carried out in collaboration with the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and the University of Oxford. It was supported by the European Research Council’s Starting Grant (STROFUNSCAFF), the FP7-PEOPLE2013-CIG Biomorph, the Royal Society, and the European Space Agency’s Drop My Thesis program 2016.

SECTOR VIEW AUTOMOTIVE PIGMENTS

NEW SHEEN FOR

NEXT-GEN AUTOMOTIVE F

ast paced developments in the automotive industry demands a new outlook for pigments and coatings market.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

BY DEBARATI DAS

ts not just the speed and the throttle that determines the X-factor of a car, but also the sheen, the shine and the gloss that ups the oomph of these automobiles. And hence, the right pigment for that perfect coating determines the market success of the whole package. According to a report by Grand View Research, the global automotive coatings market is expected to reach $36.31 billion by 2025 owing to the increasing vehicle production. The right coating not just enhances the appearance and durability of automobiles but also provides protection from harsh environmental conditions including acid rain, extreme temperature, UV radiations and dust particles. Reports suggest that while Europe is expected to witness steady growth, the major demand for this market is expected to arise from the emerging countries including China, India, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, and South Africa which is becoming the next big automotive market due to population growth and rising income levels in this region. Many companies are taking this opportunity to expand and strengthen their hold in these regions. Axalta Coating Systems expanded their activities in China and India lately by installing additional capacity in India to supply OEMs and expanding their waterborne facility in China to meet customers’ requirements for reduced VOC emissions. “These facilities and the significant investments made in the past couple of years are in sync with Axalta’s strong commitment to this region to deliver innovative and comprehensive coating solutions to our customers in every sector of the automotive market and in other industry sectors,” said Charlie Shaver, chairman and CEO, Axalta.

©Toyota Motor Corporation

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Last year, PPG Industries Inc also completed an electrocoat blending facility in Zhangjiagang, China and plastics coatings (bumper coatings) dispense operation in Tianjin, China. The year before, the company completed investments in Sumare, Sao Paulo, Brazil and San Juan del Rio, Mexico to meet increased demand for automotive coatings in those regions. The company also opened a new waterborne and high solids solventborne expansion in Wuhu, China and plans to build a new automotive resin facility in India. “We expect to see steady growth in EMEA and Asia with modest growth in North America,” said Tim Knavish, senior vice president, Automotive Coatings, PPG.

SECTOR VIEW AUTOMOTIVE PIGMENTS Apart from meeting coating demands for new vehicle production, a huge demand for high end pigments and coating arise from the refurbishing activities due to a growing demand for second hand cars.

Trends in automotive pigments The dynamics of a vehicle is changing, and so is the industry. This has had an enormous impact on the functionalities of pigments. On one hand, environmental concerns have led to stringent rules and regulations to keep a check on the emissions of hazardous air pollutants, such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and methyl ethyl ketone, making way for more environment friendly and non-VOC pigments in automotive coatings. On the other hand, the industry is experimenting with lightweight materials which are replacing traditional metals bodies of automobiles. Coatings too need to keep up with the changing facades and come up with pigments which will give the same gloss and shine. Adding to this, the new age pigments for automotive coatings also need to address new demands of being lightweight, corrosion resistant, cost effective, recyclable while giving greater durability.

Here are some of the trends that are picking up in this industry lately: High-performance Pigments: The highperformance pigments market is one of the fastest growing segments in this market. According to a report by Smithers Rapra, HPP held a global volume market worth $4.76 billion in 2016 and is poised to grow at a CAGR of 3 percent to become a $5.49 billion market by 2021. This growth will mainly be shouldered by the high demand for HPPs from the automobile segment. However, going forward, with stringent environmental regulations, there will be a demand for more sustainable HPPs and performance pigments with low emissions of VOCs. Most pigment end users and consumers are also showing keen interest towards less environmentally damaging pigment technologies without compromising on the colour quality. Some of the best sellers in HPP market are: • Organic pigments: Inorganic highperformance pigments held a demand share of over 60% of the global market in 2014. However, organic high-performance pigments and bio-based pigments are

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

expected to rule the roost in the future with changing customer buying patterns and favourable regulatory scenario. The trend to go organic is a ubiquitous phenomenon and automotive pigments are no different. The demand for organic pigments has been continuously rising over the last couple of years due to its superior properties of nontoxicity, better colour strength, and cost effectiveness. • Smart coating: The role of coatings is expanding from just giving colour and gloss to an automotive exterior. Coatings today also come with additional performance characteristics like self-healing, selfcleaning, dirt repelling and solar-reflective functionalities. Among these, cooling pigments is a fast-developing segment. These mixed-metal oxide pigments have the capacity to reflect near infrared (IR) radiation while adding colour. They are environmentally sustainable as reflection of heat lessens heat transfer into the interior and saves on air conditioning costs. BASF recently launched a new functional paint technology which utilizes a basecoat which is transparent to high-energy near infrared (NIR) radiation, and an NIR reflecting filler. This reduces the vehicle surface temperature by up to 20° C controlling the temperature in the car. “Factors such as A/C regulation have a major impact on the range of a vehicle, particularly in the field of electromobility. Our technology reduces energy consumption and thus optimizes the vehicle’s efficiency,” said Stephan Schwarte, head of pigments, dispersions & innovative Colors, EMEA, BASF. However, with these added characteristics, the new age pigment solutions need to address challenges of retaining quality on vehicles. Powder coatings: Among various types of coatings, there is a growing demand for powder coatings mainly because of its environment friendly nature. It is a solvent free method for layering surfaces and these coatings do not release volatile organic compounds (VOC) making them. The demand for this coating will witness an additional boost with the rising demand for electric and hybrid vehicles in the market. According to reports, powder coatings are projected to witness a volume growth at a CAGR of 6.1 percent between 2016 and 2025 due to its environment friendliness and high-quality finishes. Additionally, these coatings also provide high resistance

to corrosion, chipping and abrasion along with protection from chemicals, moisture and heat, making it one of the most sought after automotive coating technology available in the market. Compact paint process: Painting, by far is the most cost- and energy-intensive process in automobile manufacturing. Hence, most coatings and application equipment manufacturers are focusing on simplifying the painting process without compromising the quality. Lately, various players including PPG Industries, BASF and Axalta Coating Systems have developed compact paint processes to reduce time and cost of the whole process. It is fast picking up in the industry. The compact paint process eliminates the primer surface layer, thus bringing down the overall coating consumption on a car, thereby cutting down the time of application, cost of the painting process and also aiding in lowering the weight of the car as well. According to the Irfab Global Industrial Coatings Markets study, the compact process is expected to grow by almost 12 percent CAGR between 2016 and 2021. Pigments for new age materials: The automotive industry is experimenting with lightweight material alternatives in lieu of traditional metals in an attempt to meet the need for fuel efficiency by reducing the overall weight of the vehicle. In many instances, the industry is taking a multimaterial approach to weight reductionfrom aluminium, ultra-high strength steel (UHSS), magnesium to carbon fibre reinforced polymers, and high-strength plastics. However, coating multi-metal substrates comes with its own set of challenges to both coating formulators and applicators. To begin with, increasing the content of plastics on vehicles requires low-temperature cure coating systems. The industry is moving rapidly towards an 80°C cure process, and the entyre paint process is being modified to ensure that all coating layers are fully cured at this temperature. Several car manufacturers are experimenting with new coating technologies. Along with low temperature curing, the industry is also demands for faster drying technologies with high gloss effects. The demand for technically innovative pigments is imperative for the coatings industry to keep up with the constantly changing automotive industry.

REPORT ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILE CHEMICALS

HYGIENIC TEXTILE MATERIALS BECOME POPULAR AMONG CONSUMERS T

extiles, with large surface area such as carpets, apparels etc, under certain temperature and moisture conditions become vulnerable for microorganism growth. These microorganisms are not only harmful to human beings, causing various infections and diseases; but also lead to undesirable effects on textiles such as discoloration, odor and reduced strength of material. Antimicrobial chemicals help to control the growth of microorganisms in textiles as well as maintain their physical strength. Use of antimicrobial chemicals in textiles have been known from long times, but recent research and development has brought superior antimicrobial chemicals in the market which can be used easily with high effectiveness in all application sectors, including indoor, outdoor, apparels, technical and industrial textiles. Antimicrobial chemicals are used in textiles in two different stages ie., during the spinning and during the finishing of textile process. In order to decrease health risks associated with infections from microorganisms, textile manufacturers are increasingly using antimicrobial chemicals in their products. Owing to superior physical and biological characteristics that antimicrobial chemicals impart, textile manufacturers are also found to have been using them as their marketing strategy and the market for these chemicals in the textile industry is expected to increase at a significantly high CAGR over the forecast period (2016-2026).

Market Dynamics Hygienic textile materials, as a result of growing health awareness, are gaining popularity among consumers across the globe. Besides, consumption of antimicrobial textile in the wound care market is also increasing. In apparels such as socks, innerwear etc., consumer preference for premium products with good antimicrobial properties is also developing, with high disposable income, population growth and lifestyle changes being the key macroeconomic factors supporting the growth. The per capita consumption of natural and synthetic fibers has significantly increased and only a small fraction of textiles contain antimicrobial properties. Therefore, huge potential for antimicrobial chemicals’ market growth exist which can be capitalized by manufacturers. A growing number of health awareness programs, development of hospitals and surgical labs create a substantial platform for the use of antimicrobial textiles. Recently developed smart textiles, used

for health monitoring also utilizes hygienic and bacteria free textile materials. Increasing consumption of smart textile materials is further expected to push the demand for antimicrobial textile chemicals over the coming decade. Although textile chemicals have several advantages associated with them, however, striking out a balance between their efficacy and potential hazardous effects, remains a key challenge for manufacturers. In order to avoid such harmful effects and legal challenges associated with the conventional antimicrobial textile chemicals, organic and plant based chemicals are emerging as their alternatives in the market. Long lastingness of antimicrobial chemicals in textiles remain another concern for manufacturers and special focus is given to maintain their chemical properties for over a long time, when exposed to varying outdoor and environmental conditions.

Market Segmentation Global antimicrobial textile chemicals market can be segmented on the basis of source, product type, application, and region. On the basis of source, global antimicrobial textile chemicals market can be segmented as the following: ● Natural ● Synthetic On the basis of product type, global antimicrobial textile chemicals market can be segmented into: ● Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ● Triclosan ● Metallic salts ● Polybiguanides ● Chitosan ● Natural Polymers ● Others On the basis of application, global antimicrobial textile chemicals market can be segmented, ● Apparels ● Outdoor ● Industrial ● Home Furnishing Source: Persistence Market Research

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

REPORT AUTOMOTIVE APPEARANCE CHEMICALS

SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES,

LUXURY CARS TO BE MAJOR CONSUMERS

utomotive appearance chemicals are crucial in vehicle maintenance. Automotive appearance chemicals are high performance chemicals used to improve shine, gloss and durability of vehicles. These chemicals also protect and retain the visual appeal of vehicles. There are different types of automotive appearance chemicals available in the market which includes wheel care, tyre shine, interiorexterior care, glass cleaner, paint cleaning and protection, paint restoration and many more. Car wash soap removes dirt and soot without detaching the vehicle’s wax protection. Wheel and tyre cleaner removes road tar, brake dust, grime and grease from wheel and tyres side walls and gives bright shine. However, wax type of appearance chemicals contains silicone, lubricants and mild abrasives, and is designed to remove minor paint discoloration. Silicone-based automotive appearance chemicals are forecast to gain popularity due to numerous performance benefits. Silicone based materials are widely used as appearance chemical to enhance the car appearance feature and properties such as shine, colour restoration, durability and water repellence. Automotive appearance and detailing care has always been as important to vehicle owners as repairs and replacement of worn out mechanical parts and components.

Therefore, the global automotive appearance chemicals market is anticipated to increase at a significant rate in terms of value over the forecast period.

Drivers & Restrains Sport utility vehicles and luxury cars are the major consumers of appearance chemicals. Therefore, the market of automotive appearance chemical is mainly driven by increasing demand of sport utility vehicles and rise in luxury cars sales in emerging economies such as BRIC countries. Increasing demand for used cars is another major factor contributing to the growth of the global automotive appearance chemicals market. Longer automobile retention and higher vehicle life expectancy is anticipated to fuel the growth of automotive appearance chemical market over the forecast period. Manufacturers of automotive appearance chemicals are being encouraged to develop and innovate products with ‘green’ credentials, whilst maintaining the level of efficacy offered by non-biodegradable products.

Market Segmentation Based on product type, the global automotive appearance chemicals market is segmented into the following: ● Waxes ● Polishes ● Protectants

● Wheel and Tyre Cleaners ● Windshield Washer Fluids The automotive appearance chemicals market can be segmented based on vehicle type as ● Light commercial vehicles ● Heavy commercial vehicles

Region-Wise Outlook On the basis of geographic regions, the automotive appearance chemicals market is segmented into seven key market segments namely Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, and Middle East & Africa. Europe is largest market with France, Germany, UK and Italy being major consumers for automotive appearance chemical. Asia pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region in terms of value over the forecast period. Growth in this region is primarily driven by increasing demand for huge commercial vehicle fleet, rapidly expanding number of car ownerships, rising demand for new and used vehicles, and strong focus on timely vehicle maintenance. Automotive appearance chemicals have operated sales in the overall automotive chemicals market in the US, with waxes, polishes and protectants being preferred products among consumers. Source: Future Market Insights

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

REPORT PIGMENTS

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DEMAND IN PIGMENTS MARKET TO EXPAND PROFITABLY P

igments, also loosely called as colorants, have been an integral part of our day-to-day life for several decades. And in the near future too, according to the findings of this business intelligence study, the demand in the pigments market will continue to expand profitably, feedingoff the prosperity of its numerous end-use industries such as paints and coatings, printing inks, construction materials, and plastics. While pigments were derived from plants, animals, and naturally occurring minerals in the older days, recent technological advancements have paved way to synthesize them from petrochemical sources. Pigments manufacturers are now offering products that are exceptional in coloring strength, stable against heat, chemical, weather, and light, offer opacity, and are durable. This pigments market report has projected the global demand to multiply at a notable CAGR of 4.0 percent during the forecast period of 2017 to 2023. In terms of revenue, the global pigments market is estimated to attain a value of $31.9 billion by 2023, considerably more than the marketâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s evaluated worth of $25.4 billion as of 2017.

Titanium Dioxide Identified as Key Inorganic Product Segment Based on product type, the pigments market has been segmented into inorganic, organic, and specialty, with the former continuously constituting for the most prominent bulk of the overall demand. The inorganic segment, which is further sub-segmented into titanium dioxide, carbon black, cadmium pigments, iron oxide, chromium compounds, and others

including bismuth vanadium, generated a demand worth of $18.9 billion as of 2017. Among the sub-segments, titanium dioxide is most in-demand, promising to constitute for 70.4 percent of the total demand of the inorganic segment of the global pigments market by the end of 2023. Titanium dioxide is used extensively as white pigments due to its high refractive index, excellent light scattering properties, and ability to reflect light. Titanium dioxide is employed as white pigments in different types of paints & coatings owing to its opacity and whiteness. Rise in automotive production and increase in construction activities in Asia Pacific are projected to propel the demand for titanium dioxide pigments in the near future. The report bifurcates the organic segment into Phthalocyanine, Azo, Quinacridone, and others such as quinophthalone, whereas specialty segment has been divided into classic organic, metallic, high performance organic, fluorescent, complex inorganic, light interference, thermochromic, and luminescent or phosphorescent.

paints & coatings. As of 2017, the global pigments market for paints and coatings had an estimated value of $12.4 billion, which came from a volume demand of 4,310.2 kilo tons.

Asia Pacific Constituting for Nearly Half of Total Demand Region-wise, this report examines the demand for pigments that can be expected out of North America, Asia Pacific (APAC), Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa (MEA) over the course of 2017 to 2023. As of 2017, APAC was the most lucrative region for the vendors operating in the pigments market, and is expected to remain so while generating 46.9 percent of the global demand by the end of 2023.

Paints and Coatings Industry Leading End-user of Pigments

Developing economies such as China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, and South Korea have contributed to the growth of the Asia Pacific pigments market in the recent past. Rapid industrial expansion, rising infrastructural activities, and economic progress are propelling the demand for inorganic pigments from the region.

On the basis of end-users, the potential demand for pigments has been evaluated from the industries pertaining to printing inks, paints and coatings, construction materials, plastics, and others. By the end of 2023, paints and coatings are foreseen to remain the leading segment of the pigments market, providing for 51 percent of the overall demand. Pigments play a key role as colorants in the formulation of paints & coatings. Besides providing color, pigments improve the opacity and gloss of

Key raw material providers for inorganic pigments include Tronox Inc, Sierra Rutile, Waupaca Foundry Inc, LANXESS Chrome Mining (Pty) Ltd and Tharisa Plc. BASF SE and BioAmber Inc, produce raw materials for organic pigments. Key producers of raw materials for specialty pigments include Nuplex Industries, Plastics Engineering Company (Plenco), The Chemours Company and Lanxess AG. The value chain of inorganic pigments depicts medium degree of backward integration. Source: Transparency Market Research

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

REPORT CATHODIC PROTECTION MARKET

OFFSHORE PIPELINE PROJECTS

IMPORTANT FOR ORGANIZATIONS’ MARKET PRESENCE Market Outlook Cathodic Protection is one of the most effective methods to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. This method offers significant advantages over other techniques due to its basic design and easy monitoring. Oil & gas industry assets, including transmission pipelines & storage tanks, generate the major demand for Cathodic Protection, followed by the water & wastewater sector comprising water tank and foundation surfaces of manmade water bodies. Cathodic Protection also finds application in building and bridge infrastructure for steel protection and in other assets that are highly exposed to corrosion such as ship hulls, ballast tanks and heater treaters in process plants. The Cathodic Protection market is highly competitive in nature and includes both, large firms that provide services globally, as well as small & medium-sized firms that have a more limited portfolio and offer products and services at a regional level. Oil & gas pipelines are major assets that need protection from corrosion to avoid leakage, product loss and ensure public and environmental safety. Adding to this, building structures comprising steel in reinforced concrete are being equipped with Cathodic Protection during the initial phase of construction rather than using Cathodic Protection for maintenance purposes at a later stage. Cathodic Protection has now become an important aspect among all end users across various industry verticals so as to reduce anticipated maintenance and repair costs and extend the life of infrastructure.

Positive market growth The outlook for the corrosion protection market is positive as it registered strong growth in 2017 in terms of revenue. This growth can be attributed to the recovering energy sector, planned pipeline projects and

stable demand for maintenance services. In the energy segment, contracts for Cathodic Protection of offshore pipeline projects will be a prominent factor for organizations to maintain healthy market presence.

● Junction Boxes

As North America represents one of leading markets in terms of revenue share and various oil & gas companies are currently reviewing their strategic investments in the Gulf of Mexico, the long-term outlook for players will remain attractive in the region. In the coming years, inspection services are likely to offer attractive revenue generation streams for market participants. As a result, players are looking to enhance their capabilities in pipeline inspection services and help customers assess the integrity of their pipeline assets and comply with regulatory requirements.

● Instrumentation

● Test Stations ● Remote Monitors ● Coating ● Others ● Services ● Inspection ● Design & Construction ● Maintenance

On the basis of application, the global Cathodic Protection market has been segmented as: ● Energy ● Pipelines

Although pipeline inspection accounts for a relatively small portion of revenue in the Cathodic Protection market, it is slated to be significant in creating demand in the aftersales service sector throughout the forecast period. The U.S. and Russia along with emerging economies led by China, India and Brazil will account for most of the capital spending on Cathodic Protection systems in the coming years, owing to stable growth of associated end user industry verticals.

● Storage facilities

Global Cathodic Protection: Market Segmentation

● Others

On the basis of type, the global Cathodic Protection market has been segmented as: ● Galvanic (sacrificial anodes) ● Impressed current

On the basis of product type, the global Cathodic Protection market has been segmented as: ● Products ● Anodes ● Power Supplies

● Processing Plants ● Water & Wastewater ● Building ● Transportation ● Bridges ● Airports ● Fueling systems ● Metros

Global Cathodic Protection Market: Key Players Examples of some of the key players operating in the global Cathodic Protection market are Aegion Corporation, Cathodic Protection Company, Southern Cathodic Protection, Matcor Inc, Mears Group Inc, Cathodic Protection Management Inc, Farwest Corrosion Control Company, MESA, MME Group, Corrosion Technology Services, Cathodic Control Company Pvt Ltd, Global Cathodic Protection Inc, Pmac Systems, Stork and Bass Engineering, among others. Source: Future Market Insights

ACADEMIC R&D ELECTRIC TEXTILE LIGHTS

A LAMP WHEN STRETCHED

Anja Lund with a piece of the electric textile in the shoulder strap of a bag (the lighter-coloured part).

orking up a sweat from carrying a heavy load? That is when the textile works at its best. Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a fabric that converts kinetic energy into electric power, in cooperation with the Swedish School of Textiles in Boras and the research institute Swerea IVF. The greater the load applied to the textile and the wetter it becomes the more electricity it generates. The results are now published in the Nature Partner journal Flexible Electronics. Chalmers researchers Anja Lund and Christian Müller have developed a woven fabric that generates electricity when it is stretched or exposed to pressure. The fabric can currently generate enough power to light an LED, send wireless signals or drive small electric units such as a pocket calculator or a digital watch. The technology is based on the piezoelectric effect, which results in the generation of electricity from deformation of a piezoelectric material, such as when it is stretched. In the study the researchers created a textile by weaving a piezoelectric

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

yarn together with an electrically conducting yarn, which is required to transport the generated electric current. “The textile is flexible and soft and becomes even more efficient when moist or wet,” Lund said. “To demonstrate the results from our research we use a piece of the textile in the shoulder strap of a bag. The heavier the weight packed in the bag and the more of the bag that consists of our fabric, the more electric power we obtain. When our bag is loaded with 3 kilos of books, we produce a continuous output of 4 microwatts. That’s enough to intermittently light an LED. By making an entyre bag from our textile, we could get enough energy to transmit wireless signals.” The piezoelectric yarn is made up of twenty-four fibres, each as thin as a strand of hair. When the fibres are sufficiently moist they become enclosed in liquid and the yarn becomes more efficient, since this improves the electrical contact between the fibres. The technology is based on previous studies by the researchers in which they developed the piezoelectric fibres, to which they have now added a further dimension.

“The piezoelectric fibres consist of a piezoelectric shell around an electrically conducting core,” Lund said. “The piezoelectric yarn in combination with a commercial conducting yarn constitute an electric circuit connected in series.” Previous work by the researchers on piezoelectric textiles has so far mainly focused on sensors and their ability to generate electric signals through pressure sensitivity. Using the energy to continuously drive electronic components is unique. The researchers consider that the technology is, in principle, ready for larger scale production. It is now mainly up to industrial product developers to find out how to make use of the technology. Despite the advanced technology underlying the material, the cost is relatively low and is comparable with the price of Gore-Tex. Through their collaboration with the Swedish School of Textiles in Boras the researchers have been able to demonstrate that the yarn can be woven in industrial looms and is sufficiently wear-resistant to cope with the harsh conditions of mass production.

TURBOCHARGING FUEL CELLS WITH

A MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST

owering clean, efficient cars is just one way fuel cell technology could accelerate humanity into a sustainable energy future, but unfortunately, the technology has been a bit sluggish. Now, engineers may be able to essentially turbocharge fuel cells with a new catalyst. The sluggishness comes from a chemical bottleneck, the rate of processing oxygen, a key ingredient that helps fuel cells, which are related to batteries, produce electricity. The new catalyst, a nanotechnology material developed by engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, markedly speeds up oxygen processing and is the subject of a new study. Partly to accommodate oxygen’s limitations, fuel cells usually require pure hydrogen fuel, which reacts with the oxygen taken in from the air, but the costs of producing the hydrogen have been prohibitive. The new catalyst is a potential game-changer. “It can easily convert chemical fuel into electricity with high efficiency,” said Meilin Liu, who led the study and is a Regents’ Professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Material Science and Engineering. “It can let you use readily available fuels like methane or natural gas or just use hydrogen fuel much more efficiently,” Liu said.

Catalyst 8 times as fast The catalyst achieves the efficiency by rushing oxygen through a fuel cell’s system. “It’s more than eight times as fast as stateof-the-art materials doing the same thing now,” said Yu Chen, a postdoctoral research associate in Liu’s lab and the study’s first author. There are a few types of fuel cells, but the researchers worked to improve solid oxide fuel cells, which are found in some prototypical fuel cell cars. The research insights could also aid in honing supercapacitors and technology paired with solar panels, thus advancing sustainable energy beyond the new catalyst’s immediate potential to improve upon fuel cells.

to react in an explosion, producing energy that turns a crankshaft. Adding a turbocharger speeds the process up by mixing fuel and oxygen together more quickly and rushing them to combustion. Currently, in fuel cells, hydrogen fuel from a tank and oxygen from the air also drive a process that produces energy, in this case, electricity. The two ingredients do come together in a reaction, but one very different from combustion, and much cleaner. In the reaction chain, oxygen is the slow link in two ways: Oxygen’s reduction takes longer than hydrogen’s oxidation, and the reduced oxygen moves more slowly through the system to meet with hydrogen. Analogous to the turbocharger, the new catalyst pushes the oxygen forward.

Oxygen rush nanotech The catalyst is applied as a sheer coating only about two dozen nanometers thick and is comprised of two connected nanotechnology solutions that break both oxygen bottlenecks. First, nanoparticles highly attractive to oxygen grab the O2 molecule and let inflowing electrons quickly jump onto it. Then a series of chemical gaps called oxygen vacancies that are built into the nanoparticles’ structures suck up the oxygen ions. The second phase is a coating that is full of oxygen vacancies that can pass the O2- even more rapidly toward its final destination. The ions meet to make water, which exits the fuel cell.

Interesting rare metals In the first stage, there are two different

flavors of nanoparticle at work. Both have cobalt, but one contains barium and the other praseodymium, a rare-earth metal that can be pricey in high quantities. “Praseodymium is in such very small amounts that it doesn’t impact costs,” Liu said. High operating temperatures in existing fuel cells require expensive protective casings and cooling materials. The researchers believe the catalyst could help lower the temperatures by reducing electrical resistance inherent in current fuel cell chemistry. That could, in turn, reduce overall material costs.

Protective cathode coating The second stage of the catalyst is a lattice that contains praseodymium and barium, as well as calcium and cobalt (PBCC). In addition to its catalytic function, the PBCC coating protects the cathode from degradation that can limit the lifetime of fuel cells and similar devices. The underlying original cathode material, which contains the metals lanthanum, strontium, cobalt, and iron (LSCF), has become an industry standard but comes with a caveat. LSCF manufacturing is already well-established, and adding the catalyst coating to production could be likely reasonably achieved. Liu also is considering replacing the LSCF cathode completely with the new catalyst material, and his lab is developing a yet another catalyst to boost fuel oxidation reactions at the fuel cell’s anode.

Liu and Chen published their study in the journal Joule. Their research was funded by the US Department of Energy and by the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Program. The fuel cell work from Liu’s lab has already attracted significant energy industry and automotive industry interest.

Naturally sluggish oxygen In a combustion engine, fuel from a tank and oxygen from the air come together

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

ACADEMIC R&D IRIDESCENT PHOTONIC CELLULOSE, MIMICKING THE

STRUCTURAL COLOR OF INSECTS, WITH OPTICAL APPLICATIONS

he study developed at the ICMAB and published in Nature Photonics describes, for the first time, the technique to provide structural coloration on a cellulose derivative through its nanostructuration.

The applications of this technology include eco-friendly production of color in packaging systems or decorative paper, anti-counterfeiting technology, or biocompatible, biodegradable, washable and edible and low cost detectors, sensors or labels for the food or medical industry.

The study published in Nature Photonics, led by Dr AgustĂn Mihi of the Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMABCSIC), creates for the first time photonic crystals and plasmonic structures of a cellulose derivative through its nanostructuring with the soft lithography technique. By periodically nanostructuring the cellulose film, it is no longer transparent and begins to reflect intense colors, depending on the pattern with which it has been molded.

The bright colors of some butterflies, beetles or birds are not due to the presence of pigments that selectively absorb light, but due to the so-called structural coloration. Structural coloration occurs on surfaces with a nanostructure with dimensions similar to those of the wavelength of the incident light (typically below the micron). These ordered nanostructures are known as photonic crystals. There is a great interest in providing cellulose, the most

With this new, fully scalable and low cost technique, alternative to the traditional selfassembly of cellulose nanocrystals, a high quality and reproducible nanostructure is created on this polymer in a very short time, and achieving a wide range of iridescent colors, only depending on the size and morphology of the created structures. These photonic crystals can be nanoimprinted on different substrates to provide photonic properties on surfaces that do not present

The colors obtained do not depend on pigments but on nanostructures that interact differently with the incident light, therefore presenting different colors.

abundant polymer in earth, biocompatible and biogradable, with these structures, which can offer new optical and electric functionalities.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

this property, such as paper, demonstrating the potential of this technology as photonic ink, for applications in anti-counterfeiting technology, packaging, decorative paper, labels or sensors, among others. When these structures are covered with a thin metal layer, they acquire plasmonic properties while maintaining their flexibility, achieving brighter colors. Furthermore, depending on the type of cellulose derivative used, its degree of biodegradability and solubility in water can be tuned. These plasmonic structures can be used as disposable sensors for Raman emission or to increase the light emitted by a dye. Photonic crystals and plasmonic architectures are used in optics for their ability to manipulate light. In this work, these interesting optical properties are obtained in a biocompatible and biodegradable material, which can open up new fields of application. The study has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC Sarting Grant) through the the ENLIGHTMENT project, and by the Severo Ochoa project of the ICMAB.

NEWLY IMPROVED GLASS SLIDE TURNS

MICROSCOPES INTO THERMOMETERS

dvancement could streamline and boost scientific research all over the world, help computing industry. A study published online in the journal Nature Communications describes how an updated version of this centuries-old tool can now enable scientists to see tiny objects while also measuring their temperature. The advancement, made possible by a new transparent coating at the forefront of optics theory, has the potential to streamline and enhance scientific research worldwide, from clandestine government biology labs to high school chemistry classes. It may also have implications in other industries, such as computers and electronics, whose products require measurement and control of heat in highly confined spaces. “We have instruments that magnify incredibly small objects. And we have tools that measure heat, like infrared thermometers. But we haven’t been able to combine them in a low-cost and reliable manner. This new coating takes a big step in that direction,” said the study’s co-lead author Ruogang Zhao, PhD, assistant professor in the University at Buffalo Department of Biomedical Engineering. Zhao collaborated with researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, including co-lead author Liang Feng, PhD, assistant professor of materials science and engineering, and

electrical and systems engineering. For decades, researchers have tried to combine thermal imaging and microscopy. Images produced from systems that use thermocouples lack resolution and are often too coarse for modern science. Terahertz and infrared thermal mapping techniques interfere with the microscope’s lenses. Other techniques are expensive and timeconsuming. The new coating is made of a layer of acrylic glass (the same material used in most eyeglasses) that’s sandwiched between two layers of transparent gold. The gold is transparent because it’s only 20 nanometers thick; a typical sheet of paper is 100,000 nanometers thick. Engineers fabricated the coating so that “exceptional points” — the sweet spots where unusual light behavior happens — can develop within the tri-layered structure. The coating, which significantly enhances the slide’s sensitivity to light detection, would be added to slides during the manufacturing process. Either the slide or cover slip could receive the coating. To make use of the new coating, a laser is needed. Common slides, which are often bought in bulk, typically cost around 5 cents. The new coating would likely add a few pennies to the cost, Zhao said. The research is supported by funding from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.

The glass slide coating is made of gold and acrylic glass. Click on the image for closer view.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

ACADEMIC R&D AIR FORCE CONSIDERS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TO

EXPAND HYPERSONIC FLIGHT CAPABILITIES

sample of additively manufactured silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) material is tested at Arnold Air Force Base. The testing was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research and Development – Material Transfer Agreement between the Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate and HRL Laboratories The Air Force is testing materials produced through ceramic additive manufacturing to advance their potential future use in hypersonic flight vehicles. Scientists with the Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate recently entered into a Cooperative Research and Development – Material Transfer Agreement with HRL Laboratories to test additively manufactured silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) materials.The geometric complexity of components that can be produced through additive manufacturing in conjunction with the refractory nature of ceramics holds enormous potential for a variety of future Air Force applications. One such possible application is hypersonic flight, which exposes materials to extreme environments including high temperatures. The potential of the HRL-produced materials for demanding Air Force applications became apparent while Aerospace Systems Directorate scientists were searching for new thermocouple radiation shields. The SiOC materials were produced through an additive manufacturing process utilizing a pre-ceramic resin. Following part fabrication, the pre-ceramic resin was heat treated to convert the component to a fully ceramic state. AFRL scientists became interested in HRL’s novel process taking advantage of state-of-the-art 3D printing capabilities and pre-ceramic resin chemistry as well as the possible performance of the final SiOC materials at high temperatures. “If a material can withstand those temperatures – roughly 3,200 degrees Fahrenheit – it could be used for hypersonic aircraft engine components like struts or flame holders,” said Jamie Szmodis, a hypersonic research engineer with the Aerospace Systems Directorate.Hypersonic flight is a compelling area of study for the US and international aerospace industry. Current aircraft fly at supersonic speeds, over 768 miles per hour, or MACH 1. If

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

achieved, hypersonic flight, that is speeds exceeding Mach 5, would allow for much faster military response times, more advanced weapons and drastically decreased travel times for the military and commercial sectors with speeds over 4,000 miles per hour. The CRADA-MTA, a type of technology transfer agreement that allows for the transfer of materials for testing, was instrumental in facilitating a working relationship between AFRL and HRL to test the material. “Without the material transfer agreement, we would have purchased the samples to test them. We would have been a customer, as opposed to a collaborator,” said Szmodis. Under the agreement the directorate received 5 thermocouple radiation shields and 15 sample cylinders manufactured from the SiOC resin. Scientists from the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Structural Materials Division, Composite Branch, led by Dr. Matthew Dickerson, conducted materials analysis and heat treatments. The Aerospace Systems Directorate, Aerospace Vehicle Division, Structural Validation Branch scientists, led by Bryan Eubanks, performed mechanical analysis focusing on thermal expansion analysis at temperatures ranging from 500 – 3,500 degrees Fahrenheit. Additionally, scientists at the Arnold Engineering Development Complex’s Propulsion Research Facility performed analysis of the material’s characteristics in a high-enthalpy instrumentation test facility.A final report of the results was completed in March and delivered to HRL. During the course of their collaborative study, AFRL and HRL pushed the additively manufactured components far beyond their design envelope. The data is currently being utilized to guide the production of next-generation additively manufactured ceramics. These recommendations and further advances by HRL have the potential to produce materials that can meet the hypersonic requirements. “The extreme temperature testing that AFRL performed revealed the limits of our new material and challenged us to improve it,” said Dr Tobias Schaedler, a senior scientist from HRL.

GENERATION OF A STABLE BIRADICAL

he world of chemistry has witnessed another step forward: researchers at the University of Wurzburg in Germany have succeeded in twisting molecules so much that their double bonds have been completely destroyed. The result- unusually stable biradicals. Boron has a range of uses throughout everyday life, from laundry bleaches to heat-proof glass and ceramics. Chemists at JuliusMaximilians-Universitat Wurzburg (JMU) in Bavaria, Germany, have a particular interest in the chemistry of this element. These researchers have now succeeded in twisting molecules with multiple bonds between boron atoms, leading to unusually stable biradicals. Biradicals are usually highly reactive molecules. They are generated in energetic processes such as combustion and are normally so short-lived that they are unable to be isolated or studied by traditional methods of chemical analysis. The new biradicals prepared at the JMU are dramatically different, however they are solid compounds and were found to be stable for weeks. “We now have model compounds in hand that we can study without having to rush,” explained prof. Holger Braunschweig from the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry. The results have been presented in the journal Nature Communications.

Twisting of boron-boron double bonds For a long time, chemists have attempted to twist, distort and rupture double bonds between atoms – with only limited success. The JMU team has now made the dream of twisting a double bond by a full 90 degrees a reality. The Wurzburg researchers had originally expected to obtain diborenes from their reactions, the products should have had double bonds between their boron atoms, as would normally be the case. Instead, they obtained molecules where the double bond between the atoms was twisted by 90 degrees and thereby completely broken.

Biradicals in their electronic ground state The result of the experiments was the synthesis of unusually stable biradicals. “This is highly unusual, when a molecule is twisted against its will, it usually becomes less stable, and also more reactive,” explained Julian Bohnke, doctoral student at the JMU and first author of the publication in Nature Communications. “The stability of the molecules is due to them being biradicals in their electronic ground state, despite their two unpaired electrons,” said Braunschweig. “This structure was completely unexpected.” Applications of the molecules are still far away, according to Braunschweig. The next step for the JMU chemists is to test whether similarly stable biradicals can be prepared with double bonds between boron and carbon.

A success story of Research Training Group 2112 The study of the biradicals was particularly extensive and complex, involving sixteen researchers and three years of research. The main part of Bohnke’s doctoral thesis will be based on the topic. Bohnke is part of the Research Training Group (Graduiertenkolleg) 2112 (Molecular Biradicals: Structure, Properties and Reactivity), a research consortium headed by prof. Ingo Fischer. The Research Training Group allows doctoral students to investigate the physical and chemical properties of biradicals in an interdisciplinary team. Critical to the success of the study was the efficient collaboration with expert theoretical chemistry groups. Work by the teams of profs. Bernd Engels and Roland Mitric was essential in obtaining a thorough understanding of the bonding situations in the newlyprepared biradicals. Two other German research groups from Gottingen and Mulheim an der Ruhr were also integral parts of the team. The work was financially supported as part of the Research Training Group 2112 funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Further support came from Braunschweig’s Advanced Grant from the European Research Council.

A conventional boron-boron double bond (left) and its extremely stable biradical relative. (Graphic: Dr. Rian Dewhurst)

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

ACADEMIC SPEAK POLYMERS IN CANCER RESEARCH

A NEW DIMENSION IN CANCER TREATMENT Research insight. With new cancer treatment regimens coming up, a lot of effort is being expended on developing spatiotemporally-controlled drug delivery systems. Polymers and soft materials are at the core of such systems. In my current project, I am focusing on cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy refers to treatments which harness and enhance the innate immune system to fight cancer. Over the years, several different approaches such as stimulating the effector mechanisms and suppressing the inhibitory mechanisms of the immune system have been developed as effective anti-cancer treatments. This tweaking of the immune system is carried out through administration of certain antibodies and small molecule drugs that can be termed as “immune-modulators”. However, the optimal sequencing of immune-modulators is currently not known. I am investigating the effect of their dosage and sequencing on immune activity through layer-by-layer (LbL)-fabricated microparticle delivery vehicles. Such microparticles can deliver agents in both spatially- and temporally-controlled fashions. LbL structures on micro-particle vaccines will allow direct comparison of different sequences in a higher throughput than currently possible with conventional dosing.

Changing molecular structure of plastic. Thermal conductivity in bulk amorphous polymers is generally inhibited by the following: • highly coiled and entangled intrachain structure • loose chain packing with voids that dampen the speed at which heat-carrying vibrations propagate, and • weak nonbonding interchain interactions (for example, van der Waals and dipole-dipole). In the new technique we developed, we formulated a way to simultaneously tackle these three bottlenecks. Ionization of the pendant acidic groups on a commercial polyelectrolyte (polyacrylic acid, PAA) led to coulombic repulsion between the negativelycharged groups resulting in “opening-up” of the coils or in other words, chain expansion. Furthermore, ionization also stiffened up the chains through ionic interactions in addition to hydrogenbonding and van der Waals forces, and resulted in more compact packing of the chains. Together these three effects resulted in approximately 250 percent enhancement in thermal conductivity in chain-expanded PAA compared to the coiled-up polymer. It can be understood as the difference between a tightly stretched guitar string to a loosely coiled piece of twine - the guitar string vibrates when plucked, the twine doesn’t.

Dr. Apoorv Shanker delves into the use of polymers and sift materials in his research on cancer immunotherapy. Dr Shanker is a post-doctoral associate at Prof. Paula T. Hammond Lab, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Challenges of adding metallic or ceramic fillers to plastics. Achieving high thermal conductivity in composites usually requires high loading of metallic or ceramic fillers to create a continuous conducting or percolating network through which heat energy can transfer efficiently. This results in unwanted properties such as loss of processability and machinability, increased weight, color and cost (for eg, CNTs: $1000/kg, PMMA: $2/kg). Moreover, thermal transport in composites is limited by poor filler dispersion in the polymer matrix, and interfacial thermal resistance between fillers and the matrix. The achieved thermal conductivity is mostly far lower than the weighted average of those of the fillers and the

polymer matrix. For example, thermal conductivity achieved in composites with spherical metal particles above the percolation threshold is on the order of 1 Wm-1K-1. In such composites, vibrational mismatch between the polymer matrix and the filler particles is the killer. A better understanding of thermal transport across the polymer-filler interface will aid in the development of composites with high thermal conductivities.

Chemical process used to change plastic’s molecular structure. The molecular make-up of polymers can be classified at three levels: • chemical structure including the chain backbone, side groups and chain length • chain morphology and orientation, and • inter-chain interactions. Computer simulations have revealed important molecular parameters that affect thermal transport in polymers. Experimentally, covalent cross-linking has been widely investigated as a mean to enhance polymer’s thermal conductivity. However, only miniscule enhancement or, in some cases, even a decrease in the thermal conductivity has been observed. Clearly, it’s not an effective technique. “Physical” processes such as electro-spinning, mechanical stretching, ultra-drawing and template-assisted polymerization have yielded very high thermal conductivities in oriented polymers in the direction of chain alignment. These techniques basically change the morphology of the polymers from coiled-up chains to expanded or linearized, oriented ones. We took inspiration from these chain-oriented polymer systems and developed methods to translate the expanded chain conformations to amorphous polymer films. In the first work (published in Nature Materials, 2015), we utilized strong hydrogen bonds between two polymers – a long, loopy one and a short, rigid polymer – to stretch out the longer chains, resulting in an order of magnitude enhancement in thermal conductivity in the polymer blend at certain mixing ratios compared to the individual polymers. The hydrogen bonds further enhanced the inter-chain heat transfer in the blend films. In the second work described before, we utilized coulombic repulsion forces to the same effect.

Applying the technique to non-water soluble polymers by using organic solvents. We employ chemical methods to change polymers’ molecular structure. This means that our methods rely on the chemical groups, either a pendant group or in the backbone itself, amenable to different chemistries. For example, we modified the carboxylic acid groups on polyacrylic acid chains via ionization in the work described above. Most of the commercial (and non-water soluble) polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate are not amenable to such chemical modifications. Alternate routes such as blending of different polymers are being probed. Some positive results have been obtained. However, I would like to add that it’s very challenging to work with non-watersoluble polymers.

Research projects for polymeric materials. As far as purely polymeric materials are concerned, two methods have shown great promise. One, directional orientation of crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers through techniques such as shearing, mechanical stretching, gel-spinning, superdrawing, etc. has been developed to realize high thermal conductivities in polymer fibers along the direction of chain alignment. Thermal conductivity as high as 104 Wm-1K 1 has been achieved in polyethylene nanofibers with diameter of 50-500 nm. The second method involves nano-template assisted electropolymerization.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Thermal conductivity up to 4.4 Wm-1K-1 along the direction of chain alignment has been achieved in amorphous systems. These two methods achieve high thermal conductivities only along the orientation direction which is rather impractical as far as real applications are concerned. On the contrary, our method achieves high cross-plane thermal conductivity in thin films which are better suited for heat transfer applications. In the polymer/ method discussed above, we could achieve thermal conductivity up to 1.2 Wm-1K-1 in nanoscale amorphous thin films. It should be noted that the polyethylene nanofibers were crystalline (crystalline materials generally have higher thermal conductivity than amorphous materials). Furthermore, our method is amenable to coating of large areas through common industrial techniques such as spin- and contact-coating. For instance, we could achieve thermal conductivity greater than 0.6 Wm-1K-1 in micrometer-thick completely amorphous films made by the contact coating method. This value is 50 percent higher than that of semi-crystalline polyethylene in the bulk (ie, unstretched) form. Additionally, the method is cheaper and easier than the cumbersome chain orientation methods.

Sectors that will benefit from the research. Developing a method to increase thermal conductivity of pure unmixed polymers without significantly impacting their other properties (eg, cost, weight, electrical conductivity) would enable them to displace more expensive materials in many thermal management applications and further improve the functionality of existing polymer products. For example, device performance and reliability can benefit from high thermal conductivities of plastic encapsulants used for LEDs, electronic chips and cellphones. Similarly, higher thermal conductivity in polymer-matrix composites can be achieved at lower filler loadings. The rapidly rising field of flexible electronics presents yet another severe challenge for thermal management. I believe polymers with high thermal conductivities can be greatly beneficial here. As far as the material we have developed is concerned, it should be used in sealed environment because it is moisture-sensitive. Thermal interface materials used to link silicon die to the heat sink in electronic chips and underfill materials in 3D-stacked silicon dies, where generally elastomers such as silicone and epoxy (thermal conductivity ~0.2 Wm-1K-1) are used, are possible areas of application.

Solving issues such as characterization of polymer films. The biggest challenge we faced in this work was the characterization of the polymer films. First, since we were using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to ionize the polymer chains, we had to be perfectly sure that NaOH is not ending up as small particles in the film and acting as a filler. We carried out multiple tests and corroborated the results with theoretical calculations to rule out this possibility. Another challenge was that the films were moisture-sensitive. We had to take absorption of humidity by the polymer films into account during the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus measurements. Special arrangements had to be made to reduce errors induced by absorption of moisture.

Working on molecular designing of new materials for the future. I am particularly interested in molecular designing of new materials to meet challenges in the fields of energy, sensing, and biomedicine. I would like to direct my own research lab in the future. The Koch Institute has provided me with excellent opportunity to learn about the rapidly evolving field of cancer immunotherapy and identify areas where I can contribute with my knowledge and expertise in soft materials.

ACADEMIC SPEAK INKS

REVOLUTION IN ELECTRONICS INK Potential of printable electronics. Printed electronics (or additive manufacturing) is revolutionizing the way electronics are manufactured. Inspired by the printing of newspapers and magazines, the roll-to-roll and reel-to reel printing capability is being considered as the future for large volume manufacturing of flexible and wearable electronics. With applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) emerging, billions of wireless sensors need to be manufactured which could be mounted on non-planar objects or be worn by humans. This is where printing the electronics can be a game changer. Printing does not require expensive masks, does not waste any material as it deposits material only at the required places, and can be used to print on unconventional substrates such as plastics, papers and even textiles. Due to this surge in printed electronics, numerous conductive inks have become commercial recently and are being used to realize electronics. Some dielectric and semi-conductor inks, though in their infancy, have also emerged. However, there is a dearth of functional inks, those which can bring smartness or control in the electronics.

Role of special inks in the research. Developing such a functional ink that their material properties can be activated by external stimuli such as light, heat, electric, magnetic or pressure can be a significant advancement in low cost printable smart devices. Further, we have used iron-based reagents, iron (ii) and iron (iii) chloride with the combination of sodium hydroxide and acetic acid in the research.

Sectors that will benefit from this research on printable electronics. In the wireless industry, there is a big desire to have tunable and reconfigurable radio-frequency (RF) components (such as antenna and filters) which are required to cover multiple frequency bands or to be able to tune to a different wireless standard in a different zone of the world. We have many frequency bands in a typical cell phone, GSM (900 MHZ, 1800 MHZ), 3G/4G (2 to 3 GHz typically), GPS (1.5GHz), WiFi (2.4 and 5 GHz) etc and all of these bands require RF components such as antennas and filters. Also, these bands vary slightly in different parts of the world. This means that an antenna designed for Asian frequency bands may not work for the North American bands. Thus, there is a requirement that these antennas or filters can be tuned or reconfigured to different bands for different standards. Also, a big advantage can be that a single antenna or filter may work for multiple bands, reducing the number of components and eventually the cost and size of a wireless device.

Dr. Mohammad Vaseem opens up on the opportunities that printed electronics ink has in the age of wearable electronics. Dr. Vaseem is a Post Doctoral Fellow at Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division of King Abdullah University Of Science & Technology (KAUST), KSA.

Typically, these antennas and filters are made through metallic patterns realized on a dielectric/insulator substrate which is non-magnetic. If this dielectric substrate can be replaced with a magnetic substrate, the antennas, filters and other RF components can be made tunable and reconfigurable. And if that magnetic substrate can be printed with the flexibility of varying thicknesses and magnetic properties, there can be (not only) huge cost savings but also a number of other performance metrics of these components can be optimized, which are not presently possible with fixed thickness and material properties based substrates.

Preparing magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles. As our target was to prepare smaller size nanoparticles, we have adopted â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hot-injectionâ&#x20AC;? solution method. With typical iron chloride

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

based precursor and the combination of acid (acetic acid) and base (sodium hydroxide), one can easily prepare smaller size nanoparticles. The presence of acetic acid and addition of sodium hydroxide at heating temperature played an important role in the formation of small iron oxide NPs. If sodium hydroxide was added to the boiling solution with the presence of acetic acid, higher temperatures generally caused faster reaction rates, generating large amounts of nuclei in a short time and leading to the formation of small (15-20 nm) iron oxide nanoparticles.

Resins used to strengthen magnetic ink. We have utilized SU8-2002 polymeric resin purchased from MicroChem to strengthen the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ink. However, to make iron oxide nanoparticles compatible with SU8, iron oxide was required functionalization on the surfaces of nanoparticles. SU8 2002 is usually composed of an epoxy that is dissolved into an organic solvent (eg, cyclopentanone). Herein, we have utilized oleic acid that is well known and has been successfully used as a molecule for functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles in many biological applications. Furthermore, the choice of SU8 was also due to its low wt percentage of resin with low viscosity solvent composition and its photocuring capability. A number of other photocurable polymeric

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

resins are available but due to their high content of resin (>99 percent) and high viscosity, it is very challenging to embed the nanoparticles in those resins.

Similar ongoing inks materials research projects. Ink-preparation for printed electronics is a hot area of research. There are number of inks material available but mostly qualified as a metallic ink. However, functional ink such as magnetic, ferroelectric, or piezoelectric inks are still lacking. As stated in our article, there is only a commercial magnetic ink solution available from Sigma Aldrich but it has a low concentration (<1 wt percentage) of iron oxide nanoparticles and is not suitable for these RF applications. However, our work demonstrated with 10wt percentage loading of iron oxide nanoparticles for inkjet printing and achieved highest tunability so far.

Addressing the brittle nature of nanoparticles. Usually magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are brittle in nature so it was very difficult to create free standing substrate made of iron oxide nanoparticles only. We realized that we need some binder or polymer which can uphold the iron oxide nanoparticles to make it a free-standing substrate. In this work, photo-curable SU8 polymeric resin appeared to be the best choice but due

to its solvent nature, blending iron oxide nanoparticles into SU8 solution was quite challenging. We functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles with Oleic acid to make it compatible with SU8 resin. Another challenge that we encountered was the weight percentage loading of nanoparticles in SU8 solution. The 50:50 wt percentage ratios of iron oxide nanoparticles and SU8 resin turned out to be the optimum combination to get perfect free standing magnetic substrate.

Commercializing the technology. We plan to commercialize our technology and are targeting our research specifically in â&#x20AC;&#x153;printed electronics inkâ&#x20AC;? industry so as to provide the solution for many sensor and RF electronics related problems. We have also filed the patent in United State Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

Plans for future research. We would like to extend the process to a multilayer design that can use embedded bias windings just like LTCC technology. In this case, no external magnets will be required for the generation of the bias magnetic field. Thus, a miniaturized module can be developed. Of course, we need more sophisticated printer with photo-curable unit that can be compatible with such kind of ink which can help to produce much smoother surfaces in a multilayer printing process.

SAFETY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

MANDATORY WORKPLACE SAFETY

REGULATIONS BOOSTS MARKET

Industry Insights The global Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) market size was valued at $38.38 billion in 2015. Mandatory workplace safety regulations by various international organizations such as NIOSH, OSHA and NFPA have forced employers to maintain employee safety as one of their top priorities. Strict rules and guidelines regarding safety regulations & occupational health are anticipated to steer the PPE market over the next eight years. The safety equipment need to be manufactured precisely according to the regulations/safety standards to make it appropriate for use, storage, and maintenance for a longer period. Industry participants have shifted their focus

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

towards producing efficient and durable safety equipment to cater their global clientele requirements. Employers have increasingly prioritized workerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s safety and have issued guidelines for the hazardous activities to minimize the potential workplace accidents. These incidents, if not monitored, may incur losses to the company in the form of reimbursements and settlements. There are huge costs related to non-compliance of safety & health procedures which is expected to urge end-use sectors to invest in maintaining the PPE inventory over the long term. PPE is expected to witness rapid growth over next few years, owing to the strict health regulations concerning the safety of employees in industries such as oil & gas, chemical, manufacturing and construction.

These industries form a major contributor towards a countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s GDP and are among the largest employers of blue-collar workforce across the globe.

Product Insights Hand protection equipment had the largest share of the total PPE demand growing at CAGR of 6.4 percent over the forecast period. As a part of enhancing product portfolio, some of the ongoing initiatives undertaken by major players include using high performance materials such as weaving ceramics, fiberglass, and metals in gloves. Risks associated with handling warm objects, corrosive chemicals, and heavy-duty equipment are expected to steer protective gloves demand over the long term.

Fall protection equipment is expected to witness significant growth over the next few years as compared to other PPE and is expected to be worth $3,653.1 million in 2024. A large number of multi-million infrastructure projects have marked the industrial economy of various countries in the Asia Pacific and the Middle East. The construction industry is associated with risks related to heights and ascents.

end-use sector utilizing PPE in 2015 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.7 percent. This segment is expected to witness substantial growth owing to rising manufacturing activities in countries such as the US, Japan, Germany, India and China. Initiatives by Indian government such as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Make in Indiaâ&#x20AC;? are anticipated to positively affect PPE market trends in the country.

The work positioning equipment along with safety harness and lanyard play a crucial role for workers at heights for a prolonged duration. Fall arrest personal protective equipment enhances the safety of construction workers involved in commercial and industrial projects associated with tall structures. Increasing awareness towards the safety of workers along with rising industrial accidents on account of lack of proper PPE usage is expected to steer the market growth over the forecast period. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is expected to grow at an estimated CAGR of 7.0 percent over the next eight years. Increasing demand may be attributed to the rising incidence of communicable diseases such as H1N1, bird flu, and respiratory problems. This is further supported by rising RPE demand, to safeguard employees against hazardous gases, toxic vapors, chemical agents, biological contamination and radiological particles.

Construction is anticipated to witness rapid growth over next few years owing to increasing infrastructure expenditure in countries such as the UK, Indonesia, the US, India and China. Growing need for better public infrastructure, such as airports, harbors, rail transport systems, and roadways is expected to drive construction industry across the globe.

The air-purifying respirator emerged as the leading product among other safety respirators in 2015. It is used to protect employees against exposure to dust, toxic vapors, gases, and chemicals used in oil & gas and manufacturing sectors. Respirators form an important segment of PPE market owing to its increasing significance in various industries such as mining, chemicals, and manufacturing. Virus-contaminated materials healthcare and pharmaceutical industries possess potential to harm its employees and patients as well. Concerns towards exposure to various influenza virus and hazardous gases are expected to steer PPE demand over the long term. The increasing number of workplace accidents has urged the companies to emphasize on workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; safety & health involved in various highrisk activities.

End-use Insights Manufacturing emerged as the largest

Over 50 percent of the fatalities in the construction industry is due to fall from heights. Other incidents include struckby-equipment, electrocution, and faulty machinery which are also common to the manufacturing sector. Aforementioned incidents have necessitated safety equipment demand across various countries in the Asia Pacific and the Middle East. Various processes in food industry such as weighing, mixing, cutting, dispensing, cleaning, in-house transportation and warehousing may pose a great risk to the life of employees. Employers across the globe are complying with occupational health & safety standards to avoid workplace fatalities. Growth in the food sector is anticipated to drive PPE demand in the near future.

Regional Insights Europe personal protective equipment market emerged as the largest regional segment in 2015 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 6 percent from 2016 to 2024. Rising concern towards occupational hazards along with the need for protective gears in most of the primary industries including metal manufacturing, automotive and oil & gas refining is expected to drive demand over the forecast period. Growing manufacturing, automobile, and transportation industry in Germany coupled with increasing awareness towards occupational health & safety are expected to drive the PPE market over the foreseeable

future. North America is expected to account for over 29 percent of the total PPE market share by 2024. Regulatory bodies such as ANSI, OSHA and CSA have issued strict regulations concerning occupational safety & health across several end-use sectors in the region. These stern norms have urged various industries including mining, fire services & emergency response, healthcare and military forces to adopt personal protective equipment usage in their workplaces. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period, owing to the increasing PPE requirement in manufacturing and construction industries. Some of the leading countries in these sectors include Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, India, and China. Favourable initiatives such as incentives and tax rebates for domestic manufacturing and construction companies are expected to drive these industries over the long term. In India, growing concern towards compensation costs owing to increasing injury cases in various industries including transportation, chemicals, and manufacturing is expected to urge employers to adopt workplace safety regulations. Personal protective equipment such as the air purifying respirator, safety helmets, and durable gloves have witnessed increasing demand in underground mining, steel, oil & gas and chemical industries over the past few years.

Personal Protective Equipment Market Share Insights The global industry is highly competitive with top five companies accounting for approximately 50 percent of the total personal protective equipment market share in 2015. Honeywell emerged as the top manufacturer with a total share of over 21 percent of the global revenue in 2015. The company has been continually involved in R&D to develop innovative products. Other companies in global PPE industry include 3M, Ansell, Alpha Pro Tech Ltd, DuPont, MSA Safety and Lindstrom. Majority of the market players are involved in R&D of innovative products that offer comfort and safety to the users. In March 2014, 3M announced the launch of high altitude welding protection. This was aimed to provide continuous filtered air to workers working at high altitude.

Source: Grand View Research Inc

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

LOGISTICS FIBER BARRELS MARKET

DEMAND FOR HIGH-QUALITY INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING SOLUTIONS RISES

Market Overview Over the years, the demand for highquality industrial packaging solutions has witnessed a significant thrust across the globe. Manufacturers readily prefer the eco-friendly packaging containers which are made with the use of renewable raw materials. One of such novel solution is the fiber barrels which satisfy the above criteria. Fiber Barrels offer cost-effective and lightweights packaging containers usually to handle medium to heavyweight jobs. Fiber barrels form ideal storage containers for products such as solids, granules, powder, semi-liquid as well as hazardous materials. Additionally, Fiber barrels are entyrely recyclable by nature. Thus, major industries such as food & beverages, pharmaceutical, Industrial chemicals etc. heavily rely on fiber barrels for storage and shipping of its products.

of the fiber barrels market. Additionally, growing number of plastic alternatives which are comparatively less expensive than paperboard containers is another main restraining factor towards the growth of the global fiber barrels market.

Market Segmentation The global fiber barrels segmented as follows:

market

On the basis of design of container, the global fiber barrels market is segmented into: Light-duty container Medium-duty container Heavy-duty container On the basis of capacity, the global fiber barrels market is segmented into: Below 10 gallon

Market Drivers & Restraints

Between 10 to 20 gallons

Growth in demand for fiber barrels is anticipated to witness a robust growth over the coming decade for a number of reasons. A major trend that contributes to stimulate the growth of this fiber barrels market is the rising popularity and acceptance of biodegradable materials for end use packaging. Likewise the growing commodity trade among various countries across the globe is estimated to fuel the demand for fiber barrels over the forecast period. Moreover, expanded use of larger size fiber barrels with enhanced performance and this also forms costeffective container solutions compared to other available in the market. On the other hand, lack of product awareness between the product manufacturers is the key restraining factors that hamper the growth

Between 20 to 40 gallons Between 40 to 55 gallons Between 55 to 75 gallons Above 75 gallons On the basis of applications, the global fiber barrels market is segmented into: Food & Beverages Paints, Inks & Dyes Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetic Industrial Chemicals Others

Regional Overview Geographically, the fiber barrels market is segmented into seven regions, namely North America, Latin America, Western

Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), Japan and the Middle East and Africa (MEA). The global fiber barrels market is likely to witness a blistering growth during the forecast period owing to the growing customer inclination towards the use of biodegradable packaging solution. North America, as well as the European region, likely showcases a moderate growth throughout the forecast period as the paperboard packaging market is well established in these regions. The APAC region is likely to be valued as the most lucrative marketplace for the growth of fiber barrels market as a result of increased end-use storage applications in the developing economies over the forecast period. Countries like China & India are expected to be the largest consumers of fiber barrels owing to growing demand from the manufacturing industry. Hence, in the near future, the fiber packaging market in emerging economies are likely to witness inclusive growth. Similarly, with growing application of fiber barrels in packaging of paints & inks of industrial chemicals in the Middle East & African regions are likely to create opportunities for the fiber barrels manufacturers over the forecast period. Overall, the global fiber barrels market is estimated to grow at a healthy CAGR over the forecast period.

Key Players Some of the key players that operate in the fiber barrels market across the globe are Youngstown Barrel & Drum Co, Mauser USA LLC, Fibrestar Drums Limited, McManus Drum Company Inc. Uline Inc, BASCO Inc, Lexington Container Company, Pack A Barrel, and many more. Source: Transparency Market Research

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

AUTOMATION IIOT

IIOT: TRANSFORMING DATA WASTE TO CAPITAL GAIN Dr Satyam Priyadarshy, Chief Data Scientist, Halliburton explains the need for the oil & gas industry to understand, and accept the opportunities that IIOT offers. He also suggests taking a paradigm leap to be in sync with the global industry revolution.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

BY SHIVANI MODY Role of IIOT in oil & gas industry. The industry 4.0 revolution is all about creating value on an ongoing basis through data-driven innovations, in a continuous manner. However, the main question is whether the oil and gas industry can take advantage of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Most people talk about digitalisation, but in order to be compatible with Industry 4.0, the industry needs to undergo a digital transformation. This digital transformation for oil and gas industry stands on four pillars, namely: • Big data analytics • Real-time resource optimisation • Computing paradigm • Autonomous systems These four pillars should work in a synchronized manner to create value. Each pillar has its own significance. Big data analytics is the foundation of the whole process. However, to build completely autonomous systems in the oil and gas industry, IOT sensors play a major role in generating data from the field and using for data analytics.

Opportunity pockets in oil & gas industry for IIOT. IIOT devices can play an important role in every aspect of the oil and gas industry- be it upstream, midstream or downstream. Even though a single device cannot encompass the industry requirements, there is a device for each function. For example, in upstream activities, sensors can be permanently attached to the ground to get seismic readings from the whole reservoir on a regular basis. Similarly, sensors on pipes, pumps and other moveable equipment will constantly monitor the functioning of these parts. During production, devices such as acoustic signals or leak detectors will monitor the process seamlessly. In midstream operations, which is an otherwise fully automatic process, these devices on pipelines, pumps, etc will monitor the pressure generated, the closing and opening of valves, etc. Even in downstream activities, one can ascertain the amount

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

that should be put into the tankers while dispatching it to petrol stations.

analytics, this communication channel has to improve.

IOT could be called emerging technology devices instead because IOT implies that it is connected with the internet. However, we don’t need everything connected to the internet.

Enhancing hydrocarbon market with IIOT.

Implementation of IIOT in emerging and developed nations. In developed nations, people have been using it from a big data analytics point of view in the internet industry. It is also being used in the retail and the healthcare industry in a big way. On the other hand, although India is probably one of the largest markets right now, customer service is not the country’s forte and that is big a challenge. In developed nations like the US, Europe and other countries, the total buying power is limited and the population is fixed which makes it imperative for these demographics to maximise the value from it. At the end of the day, providing good customer services is the only solution and they do it by personalising customer service. This personalised solution is done by analysing customer data and giving them meaningful service. Going forward, emerging economies like India and other Asian countries will also need such services because eventually, the next generation buyers will be eager for instant results. The advantage in India is the significant volume of the data available (in down stream market of oil and gas industry) compared to any other developing world. Because of the sheer population of buyers and numerous dimensions to our society, you can build much more precise models based on huge sample size of the society. Hence, with a strong foundation of data, the question is about leveraging the computing technologies. However, the challenge in India is that even though computing technology exists, the use of it has not been very effective. Even in big players in the oil and gas industry there is no proper communication channels from the field. The Indian industry is facing the last mile technology challenges. To implement IOT and leverage real time

There are three major problems in the hydrocarbons industry: • Almost every work flow and processes are highly inefficient • Collected data is not easily accessible to make decisions. We collect lot of dark data and don’t know how to create value from it. We either collect and put it into a data base unused or use it for an immediate operation without learning anything from it. • We do not take due advantage of the globally available digital technologies in the oil and gas industry yet. These problems can be addressed with the combination of IOT and big data to understand every workflow and optimise work by taking advantage of the new computing paradigm.

Addressing the issue of cyber security. The issue of cyber security boils down to using the technology in the first hand. The technology that allows you to create cyber security challenges also provides mechanisms to mitigate it provided one knows how to implement it. There is an equal treat of cyber security if you use a free wi-fi connection at a public place to access your bank account. However, implementing a VPN technology in your phone will give you the required security. But most people avoid spending on such technology by assessing the occurrence of such incident as a small probability. But the reality is that big data technologies can actually mitigate most of the risks of cybersecurity.

Implementing IOT in India. In oil and gas industry in India, there is significant amount of data among the top three key players. But this industry has a significant amount of data waste and capital waste. And to avoid this, one needs to learn from the past and leverage these computing paradigms.

AUTOMATION CONTROL SOLUTIONS

DRIVING PROFITABILITY WITH PERFECT-FIT

CONTROL SOLUTION A control solution partner for greater process efficiency, batch repeatability, production flexibility, and agility for specialty chemical manufacturers.

pecialty chemical producers supply products that enhance the performance of consumer and industrial goods from pharmaceuticals to paints and adhesives. There are thousands of different specialty chemicals produced and supplied to a wide range of industries. In order to compete, specialty chemical companies offer a broad range of high-quality products, but what they all have in common is the need to be competitive which requires: • Rapid product introduction to market to capitalize on R&D investment • Greater production flexibility to capitalize on opportunities for new products • Control manufacturing cost for high profitability • Consistent and reliable operations to deliver product on time, every time

Unique challenges need specialized solutions Leveraging our experience in continuous and batch automation, Honeywell has provided solutions for applications for diverse industries. With material costs, labor, utilities, and overhead accounting for over 50 percent of manufacturing costs, it is key for plant operations to perform at peak efficiency to improve yield. The right automation solution can meet this goal by addressing needs for product reliability, quality, agility, and efficiency - the keys to a sustainable competitive advantage. Product reliability requires tight integration between manufacturing and sales to know what to make in real time. Then, you have to be able to rely on production assets to deliver the product per the schedule. Product quality requires consistency and controlled results in every aspect of production operation from people to equipment, and the process itself. Agility requires the flexibility to adapt and respond to market opportunities while still making existing products profitably.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Experion® LX- Purpose-built solution Honeywell’s solution for specialty chemicals sites addresses all these requirements in one scalable, integrated offering within the Experion® LXenvironment. Based on proven Experion Process Knowledge System (PKS) system, Experion LX offers various system functions and applications that are aimed at delivering safety, compliance, reliability, and efficiency and are inherently available in the context of batch production. In addition, data from these various functions is presented in an integrated operating environment.

Control System Platform With Experion LX, your specialty chemicals manufacturing operation will have greater agility to respond to new customer demands and changing product requirements. It is a powerful, yet practical solution offering advanced optimization and batch control technology usually found in larger DCS platforms but at a more affordable price. Experion LX allows multiple batch recipes to execute completely in a reliable controller environment. This type of batch system offers a higher level of performance than a typical server-based system. The absence of a separate batch server removes associated costs and security/maintenance issues, and eliminates communication latency. Common engineering and operating tools for batch also provide a single, consistent platform for batch development and execution in compliance with S88 industry standards. Experion LX is optimized for mid-scale projects requiring a combination of loop, logic and batch automation. Any size installation benefits from access to a robust historian, controllerbased batch sequencing, advanced control, and reporting capabilities. The solution can scale from one engineering station, one operator station and one controller to multiple operator

stations, redundancy and batch management. Also, the system provides reliable communication with thirdparty devices and drives, like PLCs, weigh scales and motor drives, integration of SCADA data and multiple I/O bus options. Because Experion LX is based on the Experion PKS platform, there are several major benefits that mid-scale sites can realize.

Faster Projects and Reduced Lifecycle Costs Experion LX provides an agile automation platform to help manufacturers stay competitive, meet customer demands and respond quickly to opportunities. Experion LX includes a number of pre-built features like composite tag structures, over 300 standard displays and condition handlers. For example, once a point is built and loaded to the controller, a detailed display for the point is automatically available on any operator station. Additionally, Experion LX provides integrated tag configuration so that a point and its associated alarms, history, and management of change are all configured at the same time in the same view. With only one database for the entyre system that can be accessed by all system functions, the need for building and maintaining multiple databases is eliminated. The configuration of interlock logic, control strategies, sequences and similar functions are done via drag-and-drop operations from prebuilt lists. Bulk build tools, template duplication, and other productivity tools are also included in this unified engineering environment. These capabilities translate into faster projects and less engineering effort to make ongoing changes to your automation strategy over the life of your system. Experion users have reported savings of $10-20k per year on support alone.

Increased Uptime Delivering quality products and meeting customer commitments are critical to business success. With Experion LX, you can easily make changes to your automation configuration without stopping production. Experion LX supports incremental editing and loading of control strategies online, addition of I/O, controllers and control strategies, and online upgrades. This allows customers to adapt to new challenges while still delivering on current promises. Experion LX also includes a simulation functionality to test changes before putting them on process without any special software or test programs. Experion LX leverages Experion architecture to provide data integrity and determinism so that you know when your logic will be processed. Experion LX is available with redundant controllers and servers to provide heartbeat failover operations. Tools needed to manage and monitor the system are integrated into Experion LX. For example, system resources like memory, processor utilization and disk drive space on the Experion nodes are monitored and can generate alarms on the operator window if they reach critical levels. Diagnostics from Experion LX controllers are also available at the operator stations. Finally, LX ships with all the necessary software to provide an interface to the operator. Honeywell ensures that the system components work together and that new versions of system software are compatible with other system components. These built-in features mean that Experion LX system is ready to deliver right out of the box.

Improved Operational Efficiency Honeywell’s control platforms are built to optimize the operator experience. To increase operator effectiveness, Honeywell leads the Abnormal Situation Management (ASM) Consortium, which has improved integration of alarm, event, and alert management tools and provided guidelines to increase operator awareness, decisionmaking abilities and responsiveness, reducing operator-related

incidents by as much as 40 percent. Experion LX has a sophisticated and rich alarm and alerting system, capable of handling alarms and alerts for your process. Experion is the first systems to incorporate a “ from the group up” open alarm and event system. This alarm system supports not only Experion application alarms, events and messages, but also provides full integration with third-party alarms and events via OPC.

Key Features Experion LX enables chemical companies to realize the performance advantages of a true distributed control solution at a reduced cost. This purpose-built DCS can be tailored to fit your specific control applications regardless of their scope and extended at any time to include personnel and assets, and even to integrate entyre business operations. Pre-built Templates: Solution pack with a wide range of templates ideal for general control applications. Built-in Function Blocks: Designed to suit pharmaceutical applications and DCS requirements with specific function blocks, as well as support Custom Algorithm Blocks for building userdefined algorithms and data structures. Application Development Toolkit: Develop custom applications that communicate with Experion LX through the Network Application Programming Interface (API), Server API, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) Data Exchange, Server Automation Object, etc. FTE: Reliable, industrial-grade network providing multiple communication paths between nodes thus eliminating all single points of failure and utilizing commercial ethernet technology for lower costs. Direct Station: Powerful operator station functions as a client to the Experion LX Engineering Server, and at the same time, allows direct access to the C300 controller for process data, alarms and messages. Safe Operations: In collaboration with the Abnormal Situation Management (ASM®) Consortium, Honeywell has developed safe operator functions like Procedural Operations to reduce incidents related to improper execution of operating procedures. It has also created alarm handling and display layouts to improve overall operator response to abnormal conditions. Experion PPC: Experion® PPC (Panel PC) is an industrial grade Touch Panel PC that extends Experion HMI for field operations and control at the machine and/or process level. This robust, easy to maintain hardware is built on open industry standards and provides the proven Experion User Interface with comprehensive data integration capabilities and consistent HMI experience that improves operator effectiveness. Experion PPC can perform field level operations as a remote Station to Experion LX and provide operational agility, improved operator workflow and standardization of HMI experience.

Summary Honeywell’s automation solution for chemicals manufacturing enables sites to boost performance and agility, enable easy process adjustments, increase batch repeatability, achieve reliability targets, improve quality and drive down costs without the resources and investment of a large site. Batch producers with medium scale sites have limited resources and capital, and require a simple solution that provides the agility needed in the marketplace without sacrificing reliability and lifecycle costs. To read the full interview, visit http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicaltoday/digitalissue.html

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

AUTOMATED SOFTWARE PAINT SHOP 4.0

SMART SOLUTIONS FOR PAINT SHOP 4.0

Â© Eisenmann

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

he optimal link-up of flexible hardware with intelligent software, complemented with innovative digital services, maximizing customer benefits – with this in mind, the German painting plant manufacturer Eisenmann is tackling the challenges of the future. The aim is to build the “Paint Shop 4.0” for the automotive industry and other sectors. How far the possibilities of digitization in surface treatment have developed in the meantime was shown to the visitors at several trade fairs with Eisenmann participation. Around 1,000 guests from 34 nations, mainly from the automotive industry, came to the Eisenmann Technology Days at the Technology Center in Holzgerlingen near Stuttgart to see the latest solutions for surface treatment in Industry 4.0. Innovations in the areas of engineering, application technology, paint shop solutions, service and production control systems were also in the spotlight at the PaintExpo in Karlsruhe and at the Hanover Fair.

Efficiency and flexibility Eisenmann solutions for paint shops arouse great interest. VarioLoc, the skidless paint shop transport system for car chassis, revolutionizes the painting process by replacing expensive skids, thus drastically reducing investment costs by up to 38 percent. Users also benefit from higher system availability and a significant reduction in operating costs. In combination with the dryer concept Smart Oven, which is skidless and has swivel nozzles, energy savings of up to 37 percent

are possible compared to conventional dryers. Eisenmann is also a leader in application technology. New developments of high rotation atomizers such as the compact VarioBell, available with direct charging as well as with external charging, enable efficient painting through fast color change with minimal paint loss. Other highlights are current technologies in the fields of sealing and gluing. Networking flexible hardware components into an intelligent factory has been a major challenge to date. With the modular Manufacturing Execution System E-MES from Enisco (Eisenmann Industrial Software Company) this becomes reality: It captures, analyses and visualises large amounts of data and brings maximum transparency and foresighted intelligence into the production processes around the painting plant.

Smart Service Solutions The factory of the future is rounded off by smart engineering and service solutions along the entyre value-added process. The automated software creation with E-PASS allows virtual commissioning on the Digital Twin and thus intensive testing of the complete system software in advance. This shortens the time to the start of production, processing risks are identified at an early stage and can be corrected in good time. This reduces project runtimes by up to 30 percent. New possibilities also in After Sales: All machines, functions, customer-specific information and documents are managed via a central administration and service

platform, the Eisenmann Service Cloud. This tool has state-of-the-art IT security standards for maximum data security and can also be integrated into existing cloud solutions. The service app for mobile devices serves as an interface to the cloud. It is equipped with various standard and individual functions with which documents and services can be accessed quickly and directly. If necessary, remote support is simply requested and a connection to the service technician is established. Communication takes place by scanning QR codes on the components or via smart glasses on which the customer receives relevant information and instructions. The app enables users to view their systems from anywhere in the world at any time.

Innovative hardware However, the basis for outstanding product quality remains state-of-the-art hardware. These include efficient atomizers, innovative paint supply solutions and modular high-pressure pumps for material supply. Clever technologies such as the infrared thermal imaging camera in the powder coating oven also contribute to optimum surface quality. In addition to the established VarioBell v.2 high rotation atomizer, which is used for all component requirements due to its compact design and variable spray jet – from complex cavities and undercuts to wide surface coatings – the newly developed VarioBell v.3 opens up further options: Combined with the VarioCharger metering and potential separation system, it allows the application of 2-component water-based paint under high voltage.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

AUTOMATED SOFTWARE PAINT SHOP 4.0

World premiere at Lamborghini In Sant’Agata Bolognese, Italy, the luxury SUV Urus from Lamborghini will be painted in a Smart Paintshop from Eisenmann, in keeping with the spirit of Industry 4.0. This system revolutionizes classic automotive painting: away from the rigid line principle to highly flexible workshop production with line elements. This means that currently available production resources such as dryers or certain painting booths can be used efficiently, even if different paint variants or components made of different materials are produced simultaneously on the line. In a world first, each Lamborghini Urus car body is individually painted according to customer-specific instructions. Usually a very difficult and costly undertaking in serial automotive painting. The design and layout of this plant, which will be completed at the end of 2018, form the basis for the paint shop’s high degree of flexibility.

Series production with batch size 1 Here, too, the E-MES production control system forms the head. The intelligent control system with online planning, material flow control and integrated digital operator guidance takes automotive painting to a new level. “With E-MES, we have succeeded in clearing the way for painting a wide variety of bodies, materials and end-customer-specific surfaces in a

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

single system,” explained Enisco managing director Werner Gruber. “For a long time, production systems have been engineered to support standardized high throughput processes. We are now able to implement highly flexible series production with batch size 1,” he continued. In addition to the production control system, Eisenmann is supplying a sealing system complete with material supply, equipment, top coat spay booths fitted with E-Cube for overspray removal, dryers, a high-bay warehouse, conveyors, and workstations. Thanks to direct charging, VarioBell for top coat applications can be used for interior and exterior painting as well as for painting plastic and metal components. In accordance with the principle of highly flexible workshop production, the various painting processes are thus covered with just one bell. “The optimal combination of flexible hardware, intelligent software and digital services was achieved at Lamborghini by exploiting all the synergies of Eisenmann,” explained Gruber. This is how intelligent, networked and individual production becomes reality at the Italian forge for super sports cars.

Product quality prediction Industrial change through digitization, however, goes even further. Enisco is working intensively on integrating all

software components to implement the production system of the future: in addition to dynamic production planning, the core is an intelligent production control system that enables the tracking of individual parts and the complete documentation of the process, even beyond coating. This “birth certificate” of the workpiece serves as a basis for predicting product qualities within a Big Data Analytics platform. As a founding member of the MindSphere World user organization at the Siemens MindSphere booth in Hanover, Eisenmann demonstrated new possibilities: “With the help of IoT platforms and our applications, our customers can network their own production systems worldwide and thus obtain unprecedented comparability of their production, quality and maintenance data,” explains Daniel Hartmann of Enisco. Thanks to this transparency and big data analytics, users can gain comprehensive insights and sustainable increases in the efficiency of their production systems. Paint Shop builder shop builder Eisenmann has developed into an experienced system supplier offering comprehensive solutions and services in all areas of surface treatment: from flexible conveyor technology such as the Moveable Hoist System and the efficient E-Cube paint separation system to comprehensive services and operator models. Eisenmann builds the paint shop of the future.

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Chemical Today Magazine | May 2017

JOBS Executive-EHS Company: BASF Asia Pacific Date Posted: 11 May Country: India City: Thane

Senior Process Chemist

Job Description: EHS executive will interpret and translate the mandatory requirements in environmental protection and work safety, Corporate Responsible Care® principles and practices, polices and procedures into comprehensive EHS (Environmental, Health and Safety) policy, procedures.

Company: Evonik Industries AG Date Posted: 11 May Country: China City: Zhangjiang

Job Description: The candidate will work on exciting and challenging topics together with a team in an ultra-modern, innovative and creative environment. Intensive on-thejob training with expert colleagues guarantees you will quickly become familiar with your duties and perform them independently.

Process Research Engineer Company: Dow AgroSciences LLC Date Posted: 11 May Country: US City: Midland

Job Description: The Process Research Engineer will develop new METHOCELTM (methyl cellulose – MC and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose – HPMC) process technology for new and current products, and scale up of new process technology by designing and conducting trials for lab scale, pilot scale, production scale, and/or with targeted equipment vendors.

Chemical Engineer Company: Lonza Inc Date Posted: 11 May Country: Switzerland City: Visp

Sr Process Safety Engineer Company: The National Industrialization Company (TASNEE) Date Posted: 09 May Country: UK City: Stallingborough

Process Engineer Company: ExxonMobil Date Posted: 09 May Country: Singapore City: Singapore

Analytical Chemist

Company: Momentive Performance Materials Inc Date Posted: 08 May Country: Japan City: Ota

Job Description: As a member of our analytical team of QC LSI, you are responsible for the analytical supervision of production campaigns and work in project teams in compliance with the quality and safety guidelines. You are responsible for setting up, conducting and documenting various analyzes and their release.

Job Description: The role will be responsible for supporting process safety management and improvement across manufacturing plant. Reporting into the process safety manager you will also work closely with the project, production, maintenance and reliability teams.

Job Description:Process Engineer will be working as a member of the technical team to provide process engineering support for operations, analyze complex technical issues, identify key drivers, propose strategy/recommendations to support decision-making/ resolution of technical issues.

Job Description: Company is seeking a highly motivated analytical scientist to provide critical support to their global R&D efforts. This position requires a chemist with extensive analytical chemistry expertise and demonstrated abilities in prioritizing research projects, multi-tasking and being flexible with changing needs in a fast paced environment.

Research Scientist II Company: Albany Molecular Research Inc Date Posted: 04 May Country: US City: Indianapolis

Job Description: Firm seeks a research scientist II to independently synthesize, purify and characterize compounds for drug discovery. Modify known methods and development of new methods towards synthetic design and synthesis of new compounds.

Associate Scientist Company: Solvay Date Posted: 02 May Country: China City: Shanghai

Job Description: The primary responsibility is synthesis and process development and optimization for new product,collect and analyze data at the laboratory/pilot plant during scale-up experiments and prepare experiment report.

Website: http://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemical-jobs.html

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

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PRODUCTS

Pioneering stir-in pigment for automotive coatings B ASF’s stir-in pigment for automotive coatings provides enhanced color depth, flop, and sparkle. eXpand!™ Red (EH 3427), marketed under the Colors & Effects brand, is the first pigment to result from the strategic partnership between BASF and Landa Labs that was established last year. The blueshade red pigment features both high transparency and high tinting strength, with lower scattering. Compatible with modern automotive coating systems, eXpand!™ Red is the first of its kind suitable for outdoor applications. The small particle sized stir-in pigment is easily dispersible and cuts the time involved in the production process, significantly this lowering costs. Contact: BASF Colors & Effects GmbH An der Rheinschanze 1, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany Tel:+49 621 60-0 Web:www.colors-effects.basf.com

Two new pigment dispersion ranges C lariant, rolls out two new pigment dispersion ranges for North America’s industrial and architectural coatings manufacturers. The Hostatint™ A 100-ST range features nine ready-to-use, highly transparent pigment dispersions that offer the entyre color circle to solvent-based paint systems. They provide a cost-efficient way for manufacturers to enhance effects with color intensity similar to dyes but with very high light and weather fastness, and no migration or bleeding. This provides a cost-efficient way for manufacturers to meet trend directions in lifestyle electronics, consumer goods, wood, glass, coil coatings and automotive applications. Contact: Clariant Corporation 4000 Monroe Road, Charlotte, NC 28205, USA Tel: 704-331-7000 Web:https://www.clariant.com

Dye Sublimation Inks to meet quality, deep colour demands D uPont™ Artistri® Brite P5003 is a fabric pre-treatment product for application onto dark colored cotton t-shirts that enable efficient and consistent printing combined with bright, wash resistant color prints, while Artistri® P5010 is developed for use with white cotton and polyester shirts. P5003 and P5010 offer improved wash fastness, white ink setup productivity and tunnel dry performance. Artistri® Xite S2500 and S3500 dye sublimation inks offers better jetting, image sharpness, intensity of black inks and color saturation when compared to existing solutions. Contact: DuPont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH Hugenottenallee 175, D-63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany Tel: +49.6102.18.2400 Web:http://www.dupont.com

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

UV Offset Inks for Luxury Folding Carton Applications S un Chemical has launched a new UV offset ink that was developed to make sophisticated graphics look stunning and vibrant on high-end luxury folding cartons while at the same time providing the longer-term shelf appeal brand owners require. The new ink system, SunCure® Aspire UV, has been formulated to exhibit immense color transparency to help create vivid color graphic effects on metallized, lenticular and holographic board stocks frequently used for pharmaceutical, perfume, liquor, cosmetic and POP applications. Contact: Sun Chemical Corporation 35 Waterview Boulevard, Parsippany, NJ 07054-1285, USA Tel: +1 973 404 6000 Web:http://www.sunchemical.com

Textile impregnation product for garments, fabrics water repellent consumers O rganoClick AB has launched OrganoTex® which is a textile impregnation product for consumers used for making garments and fabrics water repellent. It is a Spray-On product that is applied by hand or as a Wash-In product that is applied in a washing machine. OrganoTex® Spray-On and Wash-In has been developed during several years and have been designed to give good water repellancy, yet being biodegradable. The product is based on OrganoClick’s patented and awarded technology for modification of textile fibers and is totally free from the problematic perfluorinated compounds (PFAS), cyclic siloxanes and isocyanates that is often used in textile impregnations. Contact: OrganoClick AB, Linjalvagen 9, SE-187 66 Taby Sweden Tel: +46(0)8 674 00 80 Email: organotex@organoclick.com Web: http://organotex.com

Washable Conductive Inks, Coatings for Wearable Printed Electronics C reative Materials introduced its new 127-48 series of conductive Inks and coatings that are designed for manufacturing printed electronic circuits on washable textiles. These products have proven to be among the best performing products of their kind in the industry and are able to withstand a minimum of 50 machine wash and heated dryer cycles. Available in several variations, 127-48 inks offer new possibilities for smart textiles, as well as the facility for use in many wearable printed electronics applications. These products are very flexible, resistant to creasing and have excellent adhesion to a wide variety of substrates. Contact: Creative Materials Incorporated 12 Willow Road, Ayer,MA 01432, USA Tel:+1.978.391.4700 Email:info@creativematerials.com Web:http://www.creativematerials.com

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

EQUIPMENT MICRO-ELUTION TECHNOLOGY

FUTURISTIC SAMPLE PREPARATION APPROACHES IN AREA OF REGULATED BIOANALYSIS BY KULDEEP SHARMA

hrough these tough times in clinical regulated bioanalysis, with increasing regulatory inspections and shorter timelines, any technology that can reduce the burden of analyst, can be of prime importance for industry. Also any proposed change in existing regulated approach needs a strong rational for adoption. In this article, I have tried to capture some scientific rationales that clearly demonstrate and justify advantages of adoption for 96-well plate sample processing formats in regulated bioanalysis (i.e. bioanalytical) labs. Micro-elution technology basically works on principle of higher height to diameter ration of sorbent bed in solid phase extraction cartridge. Disk technology has wider and short bed, while micro-elution has narrow and tall bed. Following are few considerations for adoption of microelution technology in regulated bioanalysis work-flow.

Better Productivity: Current solid phase extraction protocols consists of 7 steps i.e. conditioning, equilibration, loading, washing, elution, evaporation and reconstitution. Process begins with conditioning the sorbent with pure organic solvent to make the bed activated. Second step is equilibration with aqueous solution to make the sorbent similar to sample character. Third step is loading of sample on cartridge bed. This stage can be used as strategy to decrease the viscosity of sample matrix, disruption of protein binding and manipulate the ionized state of molecule. Fourth step is washing to remove or eliminate the matrix components. Proper strength of washing solution is very critical for efficient cleanup and reproducible recovery. Fifth step is elution, here a high organic content solvent is passed through the sorbent. To keep the process efficient 10-20 time solvent/ solution is used for efficient clean-up of sorbent bed. After elution, the solution

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

needs to be evaporated and reconstituted in preferably higher aqueous portion solution for better auto-sampler stability. Over all processing cycle time is 80100 minutes attributed mainly due to loading (10 minutes) and evaporation / reconstitution (60-70 minutes). But with micro-elution technology; as bed can be eluted with smaller volume of elution solution. Thereby eliminating the requirement of evaporation and reconstitution (Step Six and seven) of solid phase extraction processing cycle. Processing cycle time for solid phase extraction protocols can be reduced upto 80 percent by eliminating evaporation and reconstitution steps. Productivity time can be improved approximately 10 X (Ten times).

Less Organic Solvents Waste Per Sample: With increasing concerns of water pollution due to addition of organic solvent industrial waste in drainage, there is a growing awareness in industries to reduce/ eliminate any solvents discard in drainage. In Bioanalytical labs, during Solid Phase Extraction processing solvent waste generated during Conditioning (First Step) and Washing (Fourth Step) is usually diluted and discarded. Mentioned approach results in disposal of approx. 1050 uL of organic solvent/ sample (e.g. Methanol) for conventional 1CC cartridge.

Now with adoption of u-elution 96well format general volume of solutions required is significantly lower, due to lower residual volume (Higher Height to Diameter ratio). Considering conventional protocols, solutions requirement is 5X lower i.e. approx. 200 uL organic solvent/ sample. Another approach possible with mostly used polymeric sorbents (HLB; Hydropihillic Lypophillic balanced copolymer) is eliminating initial conditioning by virtue of its water wettability and hence reduce organic waste generation to negligible levels.

True Batch Handling: According to regulatory guidance recommendations; ‘All samples (Calibration standard, QC samples and Study samples) should be processed and extracted as one single batch of samples in the order in which they intend to be submitted or analysed’ Batch size is limited by capacity of equipments involved at any stage of processing i.e. Mixing, Aspiration, Aliquoting, Centrifugation, Filtration, Evaporation or Reconstitution. For single syringe barrel cartridge format, it’s practically impossible to process all samples as a single batch. FDA guidance document released in 2013; mentions about use of 96 well format as an analytical batch (line 403, 404 FDA).

In most cases, the complete analytical run can be planned in a single processing batch, so that the need of second processing batch as like the conventional SPE is avoided, where the another set of QC’s to be included in second processing batch. (As per current regulatory requirements).

Lower Sample Required: By virtue of low residual (hold up) volume, efficient recovery of sample/ solvent can be achieved on micro-elution. As per general clinical recommendations maximum 450 mL blood volume is withdrawn from a single healthy volunteer. Considering a limit of maximum volume that can be taken from each study subject; approach possible to better capture concentration profile (i.e. more time points) is by lowering sample volume collected per time points. Below graphs are examples of two pharmacokinetic graphs, indicating better capture of elimination phase (1 – 8 hrs).

HPLC Vials Handling Issues: In analytical laboratories; handling HPLC vials is considered very tough. Primary reasons are first; Glass surface is toot smooth and second; writing surface available on each vial is very less. Analysts capture sample details on HPLC vials by writing relevant details on available limited space. Handwriting is a activity that depends upon human mood and external environment. Mostly a fissure is observed in verification of analytical sequences and vial location in HPLC sampling rack/s. 96 well plate formats are organized via ‘Plate –Map’ which is created/ filled before initiation of analytical batch. Plate-map is better organised and has no possibilities of manual swap/ wrong placement in tray. These advantages will provide better regulatory compliance as QA verification can be finished at initial loading step and later no possibility of mannual error happening.

Multi-Channel Pipettes: During mannual sample processing (to avoid cross contamination/ errors), multichannel pipettes can support in faster and accurate transfer of aliquotes. According a study published; Adoption of multichannel pipette (8-Channel) in transfering samples from 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes to 96-well plates process was 8 times faster, as compared to single channel pipette process. Not only time, but multiple steps (Single channel) is more cumbersome for mannual processing. Adoption of multichannel pipettes can reduce the mannual efforts and imrpove processing efficiency.

Evaporative LOSS: Few analytes (e.g. Ibuprofen) may undergo evaporative loss during sample processing. Sample processing with macro bed Solid phase extraction cartriadges, mostly includes a evaporation step, to concentrate the analytes and also convert the elution solvent (Mostly high portion of organic solvents) to forms more suitable for chromatographic analytical instruments.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Eliminate Non-Specific Binding: In many cases, peptides and other bio-molecules may undergo non-specific binding with collection vessel surfaces which is often exacerbated by drying stages resulting in irreproducible data and poor sensitivity. To conclude, adoption of micro-elution/ 96-well format solid phase extraction can be highly beneficial to regulated bio-analysis. It provides improved process efficiency and also supports in better compliance. Savings on solvent cost, Processing time and consumables is one aspect, while advantages like ease-of-use, productivity, compliance, lesser clinical sample volumes per timepoint, avoidance of evaporative loss and non-specific binding. At WATERS, our team is committed for service and support to customers in improving analytical work-flow. In coming years, considering advantages associated with proposed technology, there will a paradigm shift in processing formats. In last 2 years, we have supported over 7 labs in successful adoption of 96-well plate format solid phase extraction process. Author: Kuldeep Sharma (PhD, MBA) is Product Manager, Consumables Business at WATERS.

EQUIPMENT ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS

AGILENT TO SHOWCASE LATEST ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS IN INDIA INTUVO 9000 GC SYSTEM

ULTIVO TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE LC/MS

gilent Technologies Inc will showcase latest chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectroscopy platforms, during its two scientific symposiums in India this summer. The symposium will feature industry speakers and interactive workshops, it said. The symposiums, in Ahmedabad on 13 June and Hyderabad, 20th June, will display Agilent’s latest solutions including: ● The Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC system, which features click-andrun connections that eliminate ferrules, guard-chip technology that extends column life, and a trim-free column that eliminates retention time shifts due to trimming. ● The Agilent Ultivo Triple Quadrupole LC/MS system, which delivers robust performance, superior uptime, and easier serviceability, in a footprint that is 70 percent smaller than previous instruments. ● A suite of innovative Raman spectroscopy instruments, acquired last year when Agilent bought Cobalt Light Systems, a UK-based developer of innovative technologies for non-invasive, throughbarrier chemical analysis for use in pharmaceutical and publicsafety applications.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

“The Total Agilent Experience offers unparalleled opportunities for scientists and industry leaders to talk about new ways to solve problems and make their laboratories more efficient,” said Bharat Bhardwaj, country manager for Agilent in India.The first edition of the Total Agilent Experience, held in Mumbai last year, drew 300 scientists and researchers from across the country. Using the sophisticated, user-friendly technologies offered by these platforms, scientists are now able to work on a wider range of challenging applications with improved performance and ease of use, while also increasing laboratory productivity and economic value. “We will also feature interactive workshops where participants can discuss their thorniest challenges with Agilent experts and other thought leaders in the food, pharma, and applied chemical industries,” Bhardwaj said. In addition, Agilent will be hosting a Pharma Regulatory Summit and an Analytical Summit for Applied Markets. In each of these summits, industry experts will share their insights on the emerging trends that are driving adoption of new technologies.

EQUIPMENT Custom pressure vessels for end users

riental Manufacturers manufacture custom pressure vessels to suit the process requirements of the end user. Each pressure vessel is fabricated using ASME standards and also provided with “U”, “U2” & “R” stamp and NB registrations. The features are it has plate bending facility up to 50 mm, types of welding processed used is SAW, SMAW, TIG & MIG, non-destructive and destructive testing methods are used to check the quality and further customization available for various segments of chemical, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, refineries, paper & pulp and various other segments of process industries.

Contact: Oriental Manufacturers PCC Notified Area, Ranoli Station Road, Ranoli, Vadodara 391350, Gujarat, India Tel: +91 (265) 2231 663/+91 98791 04944 Email:ompl@orientalindia.net Web:https://www.orientalmanufacturers. com

Reactors with wide use for pharma API, clean room applications

SP Chem Equipments reactors are provided with capacity range 100 ltrs to 35000 ltrs. Both GMP, Non GMP types are availble. The material of construction is Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel Alloys, Nickel Alloys, E,G.Hastelloy C 276, Inconel etc. The inside lining offered is halar lining, PVDF lining, rubber lining etc. The important features are the GMP reactors are widely used for pharma API, clean room applications as per design code ASME SEC VIII DIV I, it is provided with mirror finish from 220 grit to 440 grit, smooth welding & flush grinding and insulation with mirror finished s.s cladding.

Contact: ASP CHEM-EQUIPMENTS A-703, Divya Vaishnavi Chs.Ltd., Gorai-III, Borivali (W), Mumbai-400091, Maharashtra, India Tel:+91-22-28680398/09920035566 Email:aspchem01@gmail.com/info@ aspchem.com Web:http://www.aspchem.com

Next generation of liquid level transmitters

TS Sensors, a division of MTS Systems Corporation announced the expansion of the LP-Series, the next generation of its Level Plus® liquid level transmitters. The new LP-Series features Tank Slayer®, RefineME®, CHAMBERED and SoClean® models. Tank Slayer is complemented by the Level Plus RefineME level transmitter aimed at shorter process tanks in oil refineries, chemical plants and mines. The Level Plus CHAMBERED is especially optimized for incorporation into magnetic level gauge (MLG) systems, such as those found throughout refineries, chemical plants and boilers.

Contact: MTS Systems Corporation Sensors Division, 3001 Sheldon Drive, Cary, NC 27513, USA Tel: (919) 677-0100 E-mail:info.us@mtssensors.com Web:http://www.mtssensors.com

Introducing Fully-Welded Plate Heat Exchanger

elvion’s robust heat exchangers are designed to withstand the rigors of chemical reactions, enabling critical processes to be completed safely and efficiently. The Heat Exchanger products help to minimize process costs and optimize energy efficiency. K°BLOC units are well suited for liquid-liquid, condensation and evaporation applications such as chemical, petrochemical, oil/gas, pulp and power, vegetable oil, refinery, amines and other oil and gas processes. The safety, technical sophistication and durability of the plate pack is second to none.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Contact: Kelvion Germany GmbH Meesmannstr.103, 44807 Bochum, Germany Tel:+49 234 980 0 Email:info@kelvion.com Web:https://www.kelvion.com

Smart, Compact SmoothFlow Pumps with stable flow, compact size

acminaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new XPL series pumps are designed to eliminate pulsation and maintain a stable chemical concentration transferring at a continuous flow. Smoothflow XPL Series pumps provide a constant and stable flow, economical to operate and compact size. Advantages include no intrusion of air or leakage, water resistance and no sliding parts, wide range controlling, automatic control system ready, easy disassembly and maintenance, and customization options with many combinations. The XPL Series pumps are designed for use in nearly any industry and specifically for mixing and blending, filtration, spray drying, coating industries, and in chemical injection and dispersion processes.

Contact: TACMINA USA Corporation 105 W Central Rd, Schaumburg, IL 60195, USA Tel:(844) 822-6462 Email:usasales@tacmina.com Web:http://www.tacminausa.com

Introducing Electric Actuator for various industries

sahi/America Inc, the leader in corrosion resistant fluid flow solutions, introduces the Series 17 electric actuator. The compact and lightweight Series 17 features a reversing motor with multi-voltage capabilities, an internal heater, auxiliary switches and two LED position indicators. The Series 17 also features a combination NEMA 4X and 6 enclosure, which is finished with a thermally bonded powder coat to protect against corrosion, an ISO bolt circle and flying leads. Ideal applications for the Series 17 include water and wastewater treatment, aquariums, chemical processing, swimming pools and water features, power plant and mining.

Contact: Asahi/America Inc. 655 Andover, St., Lawrence, MA 01843, USA Tel:781-321-5409 Email:asahi@asahi-america.com Web:https://www.asahi-america.com

Scanning Electron Microscope Combines Performance and Versatility

hermo Scientificâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers a full range of imaging and analytical options for more complex investigations. The Prisma platform features advanced automation, robust support for analytics; a large, precise and flexible stage; and a wide range of optional accessories. Labs with narrower dedicated needs will value its speed and simplicity, while multi-user, multi-application facilities will appreciate the broad selection of optional imaging detectors and analytical tools available on a single integrated platform. The system can operate over a wide range of vacuum conditions, permitting observations of nonconductive, wet, dirty or outgassing samples in their natural states without cleaning, drying, coating or risking damage to the instrument.

Contact: Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 5350 NE Dawson Creek Drive, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, USA Tel:+1 (503) 726-7500 Web:https://www.thermofisher. com

New contact angle meters for auotmatic analysis

yowa Interface, Japan have introduced their new series of contact angle meters-DMe-210 & 211Plus. These are economical, yet fully-featured systems with the FAMAS software which enables auotmatic analysis of contact angle, surface free energy, surface/ interfacial tension by pendant drop method. The software helps a customer to easily find out the contact angle and thus determine the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of a given surface. Kyowa were the first manufacturer in the World to have launched a commercially available Contact Angle meter system and have a wide array of models to choose from their portfolio.

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

Contact: Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd. 5-4-41 Nobitome, Niiza-City, Saitama 352-0011, Japan Tel:+81-48-483-2629 E-mail: overseas-sales@face-kyowa.co.jp Web:http://www.face-kyowa.co.jp

ADVERTISING INDEX Resil Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

www.resil.com

Email: info@n9world.com Mob: +91 9686602068

Ystral

Email: ranga.rajan@ystralindia.com www.ystral.com

Kimberlite Chemicals (India) Pvt. Ltd. 61 India Tel: +91 80 42487300 Email: info@kimberliteindia.com www.kimberliteindia.com

Xobber

Kleanlight

Mob: +91 9620220027 Phone: +91 80 42487301 Email: sales@xobber.com www.xobber.com

Tel: +91 80 42487300 | Fax: +91 80 23620188 Email: info@kimberliteindia.com www.kleanlight.com

Astral Poly Technik Limited India Tel: +91 7966212000 Email: ipd@astralpipes.com www.astralpipes.com

Back Inside

GLOSSARY PAGE NO 3M 59 ADNOC 08 Aegion Corporation 47 Agilent Technologies 76 Air Force Research Laboratory 52 AkzoNobel 07 Alpha Pro Tech Ltd 59 Ansell 59 Aquafil 11 Asahi/America Inc 79 ASP CHEM-EQUIPMENTS 78 Axalta Coating Systems 41 BASCO Inc 60 BASF 46, 72 Bass Engineering 47 Berkeley 38 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited 07 BioAmber 46 Borealis 09 Brunei 06 Cathodic Control Company Pvt Ltd 47 Cathodic Protection Company 47 Cathodic Protection Management 47 Chalmers University of Technology 48 Chemours 46 Clariant 32, 72 Corrosion Technology Services 47 Creative Materials Incorporated 73 DuPont 59, 72 DyStar 26 Eisenmann 67 Farwest Corrosion Control Company 47 FiberVisions Corporation 09 Fibrestar Drums Limited 60

Chemical Today Magazine | June 2018

PAGE NO Future Market Insights 45, 47 Gazprom 08 Genomatica 11 Georgia Institute of Technology 49 Global Cathodic Protection Inc 47 GNFC 30 Grand View Research Inc 59 Halliburton 62 ICMAB 50 Indian Potash Limited 06 Indorama Ventures 09 INEOS Styrolution 17 Insecticides India Ltd 21 Invista 09 Jordan Phosphate Mines Company 06 Julius- Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg 53 KAUST 56 Kelvion Germany GmbH 78 Kisan International Trading FZE 06 Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd 79 LANXESS 19, 46 Lexington Container Company 60 Lindstrom 59 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 54 Matcor Inc 47 Mauser USA LLC 60 McManus Drum Company Inc 60 Mears Group Inc 47 MESA 47 MME Group 47 MSA Safety 59 MTS Systems Corporation 78 Nova Chemicals 09 Nuplex Industries 46

PAGE NO OCP 08 OrganoClick 73 Oriental Manufacturers 78 Pack A Barrel 60 Persistence Market Research 44 Plastics Engineering Company 46 Pmac Systems 47 Queen Mary University of London 39 Reliance Industries 07 Resil Chemicals 12 Sibur 08 Sierra Rutile 46 Southern Cathodic Protection 47 Splash 12 Stork 47 Sun Chemical 73 TACMINA USA Corporation 79 Tel Aviv University 37 Tharisa 46 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc 79 Total 09 Toyocolor Co Ltd 34 Transparency Market Research 46, 60 Tronox 46 Uline Inc 60 University at Buffalo 51 University of Pennsylvania 51 University of Portsmouth 36 WATERS 75 Waupaca Foundry 46 Youngstown Barrel & Drum Co 60 ZDHC Foundation 29

June Issue

Sector Focus Chemicals Section Textile

• Mercerising Agents • Peroxide Stabilisers • Peroxide Killers • Neutralizers • Dyeing Chemicals • Solubalisers & dispersents •Levelling agents • Soaping agents • Dyeing agents • Dyeing & Printing Chemicals • Vat levelling agents • Thickners •Binders • Stain removers • Anti back staining agents • Finishing Chemicals • cationic softners flakes/ paste • Nonionic softners flakes/ paste • Anionic softners flakes/ paste • Reactive softners • Soluble softner flakes • Antistatic Agents • Spin finishes • Spining aids • Other Speciality Chemicals • Special Agent • Polymer • Printing Agent • Dyeing Auxiliaries • Finishing Agent • Pretreatment

Inks and Dyes

• Printing Inks •Liquid Inks •Polyster Inks •Textile Printing Inks •Specialty Inks •Dyes Intermediates

• Leather Dyes •Natural Dyes • Smoke Dyes • Synthetic Dyes • Leuco Dyes • Oxidation Dyes • Solvent Dyes • Textile Dyes •Basic Dyes •Acid Dyes • Reactive Dyes • Direct Dyes • Fluorescent Dyes • Inkjet Dyes

Pigments

• Inorganic Pigments • Natural Pigments • Organic Pigments • Pigment Intermediates • Fluorescent Pigments • Phthalocyanine Pigments • Quinacridone Pigments • Ultramarine Pigments

Glass & Ceramics

• Ceramic Raw Materials • Anti-Setting Agents • Binders • Deflocculants • Lubricants •Specialty Minerals • Specialty Chemicals • Rheology Modifiers •Suspension Agents • Organoclay Thickeners • Glass Additives

Equipment Section EPC (Engg, Procurement & Construction) • Oil and Gas Process Plant • Chemical Process Plant • Heat Recovery System • Chlor-Alkali Plant • Storage System • Chemical Dosing Unit

July Issue

Sector Focus Chemicals Section: • Oil & Gas, Petroleum • Fuels and Lubricants • Coolants • Fluids • Oleochemicals

Equipment Section: •

Filteration & Separation

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