firestation 8 - emergency and restoration Yanela Nunez
ADE 522 - Edmundo Soltero
preface
Looking back at the history of the Fire Station one can understand that this building typology is an ever-evolving one. At its beginning, it was destined exclusively for fire apparatus storage, and nowadays we can see programmatic hybrids that include public housing and sports facilities. It is important to understand that the role of the firefighter extends beyond the fire fighting and the rescue. Firemen perform a vast number of services for their communities, including paramedic attention and fundraising for philanthropic causes. Firefighters could be considered real-life heroes, they are human beings who constantly expose themselves to stressful events to serve and help their community. Unfortunately, all this risk and heroic action comes with consequences. Prolongated stress is part of their lifestyle, and research has shown that stress is a silent and lethal killer that may cause cancer when it reaches chronic grounds. Cancer is responsible for a large percentage of firefighters' deaths, and because of this, efforts are being made to better understand how can we help these men and women to overcome this difficult part of their careers. Scientific research has shown that one of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to modify personal behavior. Visualization therapy, deep-breathing techniques, bio-feedback and various forms of exercise and meditation have been proven to be effective forms of self-help. Despite these discoveries, codes and fire station's design guides are designed to provide firefighters with facilities that help them maintain their physical strength but pay very little attention to the mental strength of the users. The main goal of this architectural project is to design a Fire Station that performs efficiently for emergency response but also provides firefighters the spatial conditions to help them mentally recharge and get ready for their next battle.
history
24 bc
1666
1 ft In the preindustrial era, most cities had watchmen who sounded an alarm at signs of fire. The principal piece of fire-fighting equipment in ancient Rome and into early modern times was the bucket, passed from hand to hand to deliver water to the fire.
1884
today
25 ft
70 ft
After the industrial revolution, cities became denser. Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, fire brigades were formed by insurance companies. With the need to have a space where the team could be ready at all times, the concept of the fire station was born.
Cities have become very complex organisms, and firefighters have evolved from fighting fires to offer many other services to assist the diverse amount of emergencies. Sophisticated rescue vehicles are needed and the space to store them and the firemen has also grown in complexity and size.
not just Fire
overpressure, ruprute, explosion, etc.
Most of the calls received by the Fire Station are related to EMS. For this reason Firefighters are trainned not only for rescue but also for paramedical support. Fire Stations offer medical civic services for the people.
Civic mixed uses Due to the extense envolvement of Firefighters in their sorrounding community, it’s no surprise that new hibrids of program for the fire station have emerged. Some of these buildings have become not only a place to store emergency vehicles but a true component of social and public interaction. Below some examples of existing buildings: 60%
severe weather and natural disaster
special incident
hazardous condition
service call
fire
good intent call
false alarm and false call
apparatus warehouse
0.3%
0.3%
1.6%
10%
6.2%
7.0%
8.2%
9.7%
11.5%
20%
30%
40%
50%
55%
0%
EMS and rescue
Fire department response calls
housing
+
community
public housing
park
sports facility
school
library
museum
public art
office
the firefighter
physical strength
mental strength Any proof of the existence of well-being is measured in its absence and described in one word – stress. Because stress is everywhere in a firefighter’s life, it has become a major topic of identification and measurement for the fire service. Studies have shown stress to be the leading cause of firefighter death, whether from heart disease, cancer, stroke, injury or depression. Stress can be chronic or acute and can manifest itself anywhere, anytime and for a myriad of reasons.
NFPA 1582 FITNESS REQUIREMENTS
STRESS RELATED DECEASES
AEROBIC CAPACITY LOW FAT BODY COMPOSITION GRIP STRENGTH
heart decease
stroke
cancer
depression
LEG AND ARM STRENGTH MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
PROVED STRESS RELIEF STRATEGIES
FLEXIBILITY
visualization therapy
bio feedback therapy
deep breathing : yoga -meditation
north
ASU LRT rural ro
ad
athletics villa
joint fire training center
offices
south
n
summer noise: o. power plant
offices-parking
nighttime
winter
ay w rk
east
do
pa
la
rio
sa
street car
daytime
west
offices m
c-
no vu
s in
cli
nt oc
dr
ive
no va tio
nc orr
ido
r
residential
site analysis tempe 2040
PROJECT GOALS PROJECT GOALS
sense of serenity
deep breathing
exterior noise shelter
land restoration
a spacial quality that inspires calmness and peace.
addition to the original program for deep breathing rooms.
the building provides visual and sound shelter from the context.
reforestation of the site to improve the microenvironment.
DESIGN STRATEGIES STRATEGIES
+ simplicity and light
mental health
going down
a public park
the building should be very simple yet relevant, allowing the light to enter in different ways to create a diverse sensorial experience.
yoga and meditation spaces were firefighters can complement their physical training with mental health exercising.
excavating an air pocket where natural sound barriers help mitigate the city noise while providing pleasant views.
redesigning open areas of the site to become a park. A space accessible to the public with areas to rest and see art.
powerplant setback ocotillo powerplant program massing
street setback 0.13 mi to rio salado p.
0.20 mi to rio salado p.
0.35 mi to mc - clintoc
0.71 mi to rural rd.
A B C D E
A B
east
pedestrian
E D
C
apparatus bay dorms offices living and services fitness and meditation
west
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION open space definition
power plant noise A
VOLUMETRIC DESIGN
B C
D D
E E
noise and visual shelter for fitness and meditation areas
10
20
40
access street
siteplan
vehicular circulation pedestrian circulation egress
10
20
40
Circulation and Egress
GROUND FLOOR 1 apparatus bay 2 SCBA/hose storage
12 radio com.
3 turnout laundry
14 IDC closet
4 turnout storage 5 cardio zone 6 electrical room
22
7 bathroom
22
8 EMS storage
8
9 Batt. chief office
4
10 Batt. offices
7
11 interior / exterior lobby
6 3
13 bathroom 15 alt. response 16 captain office 17 services 18 library 19 multipurpose 20 day room 21 kitchen - terrace 22 exterior services
5 2 9
10 12
1
13
20
21
21
14 11 15
11
18 17
18 19
16 17
5
10
20
ground floor
SECOND FLOOR 1 room type A 2 room type B 3 room type C 4 lounge area 5 laundry - storage 6 app. bay mezzanine
6
1 2 3
5 4
5
10
20
second floor
BASEMENT 1 covered terrace 2 yoga room 3 gym 4 multipurpose meditation
2
3
1 4
5
10
20
basement
factors considered PROJECT LOCATION
MATERIALITY wood roof decking
secondary structure wood beams
TEMPE, AZ temperature: min:
37 F
max: 105 F
multywall polycarbonate panels
A double skin at dorms: brown vertical aluminum fins B
wind: day: NE
night: NW
fiber cement ventilated facade D
precipitation: min: 0.1 in
PRIMARY STRUCTURE GLULAM
max: 1.2 in
CODE REQUIREMENTS
C A B C D E
D
E
multywall polycarbonate panels
apparatus bay dorms offices living and services multiporpose meditation
Type III-A Construction Residential occupancy (R-3) Business occupancy (Group B) Industrial Storage occupancy (S-2) Assembly occupancy (A-3) DESIGN GOALS Simplicity Sustainability Serenity feeling
light without heat
low carbon impact
thermal efficiency
vertical shading
nanogel filled multywall policarbonate panels.
primary and secondary structure: GLULAM
fiber cement panels ventilated facade.
aluminum fins to shade window dense walls.
STRUCTURE
ground floor and basement
second floor / access cantiliver
secondary structure beams and clt panels
APPARATUS BAY SECTION
TRANSVERSAL SECTION
detail section
YANELA NUNEZ ATE 556 S-20 0.5’
1.0’
2.0’
multywall polycarbonate skylight
primary structure: 5 1/2” x 14” glulam beams and 12”x12” columns.
slope: wood firrings
parapet: fiber concrete panel over insulated 3 ply CLT
steel lattice wall
roof: 3 ply CLT panels - vapor barrier - 4” PIR rigid insulation - 1/2” roof sheating - water proffing membrane
curtain wall system
hvac duct
insulated glass panel
ceiling: suspended woodframe
concrete retaining walls
8” concrete slab
inside
12”x12” GLULAM column
12”x4” wood frame
R8
R8
ventilated facade rainscreen
2”x4x11/4” aluminum rectangle tube
6” polyurethane spray foam
1/2” interior sheathing
1/2” exterior insulating sheathing
R20
R0.5
R3.6
Equitone capping detail
Equitone 4’x10’ fiber cement panel
ventilation access detail
wall type a - ventilated facade
insulation R26
inside
6” air gap
12”x20” GLULAM column
wall system detail
2”x4x11/4” aluminum rectangle tube
fixing detail
4”x6” wood frame
LEXAN THERMOCLICK 50mm
nanogel filled LEXAN THERMOCLICK 50mm
R6
R22
panel detail
wall type b - translucent skin
insulation R28