A TRIBUTE TO INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND FRONTLINE WARRIORS
ADDRESS: SHRINE OF REMEMBRANCE WITH: TYNONG QUARRY
THE TRUNK FOREST: A FLORAL CONNECTION THROUGH PAST, PRESENT AND POST-CULTURALISM
The concept is to use design as a tool to acknowledge the harm of colonialism to Indigenous ecologies, promote healing and reconciliation, and connect people from different backgrounds by incorporating Indigenous knowledge and fostering dialogue.
The design concept involves a pavilion installation that utilizes trees and recycled materials, emphasizing sustainability and promoting consciousness of our impact on the environment.
The final design is a sustainable pavilion installation that utilizes trees and recycled materials, creating a shaded gathering space and promoting consciousness of our impact on the environment.
The Centre for Environmental and Cultural Regeneration is a unique opportunity to explore how placemaking can promote peace building and recovery in the aftermath of human conflicts. Through careful research and sensitivity to the site’s contested spatial and social history, the design of the Centre can engender processes of recovery by educating the public on the consequences of conflict. It can also serve as a memorial to the conflict and a hub for environmental regeneration, promoting the relationship between humans and the environment.
ILO 1: Understand First Nations
ILO 2: Apply design research techniques
ILO 3: Design precedents and theories
ILO 4: Refine and resolve an architectural design
ILO 5: Critically evaluate results
ILO 1: Understand First Nations
WEEK 2
Field Trip To Tynong
Visiting The Shrine Of Remembrance
&Royal Botanic Garden
WEEK 3
WEEK 1 PROJECT KICK-OFF
WEEK 4
Design Directions & Tynong Memorial
Jason Visit Us &Tynong Memorial Presentation
WEEK 5
Concept Design Presentation
WEEK 6
Building Formative Design
WEEK 7
Round Pavilion Design
WEEK 8
TImber Structure Development
WEEK 9
Bring Forest Back
WEEK 10
WEEK 11
SIngle Unit Decided
Fina Scheme Check
WEEK 12 Final Drawings
Tynong is a small town located in the Cardinia Shire of Victoria, Australia. The town is situated approximately 50 kilometers southeast of Melbourne and is known for its historical significance as a former quarrying site for the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. The quarry provided the stone for the Shrine’s construction and is now recognized as an important source of the Shrine’s heritage. Today, Tynong is a rural community with a population of around 400 people, and the surrounding landscape is characterized by rolling hills and farmland.
As part of my experience in the design process for the Centre for Environmental and Cultural Regeneration, I had the opportunity to go on a field trip to Tynong, a small town located in the Cardinia Shire of Victoria, Australia. During the trip, I gained a comprehensive understanding of the historical, cultural, and social context of the project.
We visited the former quarry site in Tynong, which was a significant source of stone for the construction of the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. This visit allowed me to see the
physical, environmental, and material aspects of the site and to appreciate the importance of the site’s heritage. We also visited other significant landmarks and cultural sites in the surrounding area, providing insights into the social and cultural context of the region.
The field trip was a crucial part of the design process, enabling me to develop a deeper understanding of the local context and to design a facility that is responsive to the needs of the community. The trip also provided an opportunity to engage with local community members, furthering my understanding of the social and cultural dynamics of the region. Overall, the field trip to Tynong was an enriching experience that allowed me to gain a comprehensive understanding of the project’s context and to design a facility that is sensitive to the local concerns and context.
Tynong is a town in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, 66 km southeast of Melbourne’s Central Business District, located within the Shire of Cardinia local government area.
Tynong recorded a population of 523 at the 2021 census
TYNONG WAS DESCRIBED IN THE 1903 AUSTRALIAN HANDBOOK:
Tynong is thought to be an Aboriginal word meaning many fish, evidence of its location on the margin of the former Koo Wee Rup Swamp. This small township is situated on the Gippsland railway, 67 km south-east of central Melbourne, beyond Pakenham in the Shire of Cardinia.
Like many of the other towns along the Gippsland railway, Tynong was established as a result of the opening of the railway in 1877. In 1879, one of the settlers, R. Rogerson, bought 319 acres between the present Princes Highway and the railway.
The demand for firewood in the expanding city of Melbourne led to the development of local industry. Primary occupations in the area were cutting sleepers for the Gippsland line, distilling eucalyptus oil, timber
milling, cutting firewood and grazing cattle. Other industries have included a charcoal works, sand excavation, a blacksmith and apple orchards. Current industries include a retail and garden nursery, a storage facility for potatoes and dairy farming.
As a result of a decline in local timber resources, the timber industry fell into serious decline around 1892 but was revived with the arrival of H.W. Weatherhead in North Tynong in 1908 and the establishment of a timber mill. The last of the Weatherhead mills (on the site now occupied by the Mill Valley Ranch) closed down in 1979.
This homestead was on the Old Gippsland road near Tynong. Photo taken in 1927 and courtesy of The State Library of Victoria.Certain that the people, of the State will approve fully, the National War Memorial Committee has now decided that the Shrine of Remembrance shall be built, not of freestone, which is subject to weathering, but of granite, the most lasting of structural materials. Beautiful silver-grey granite of an eminently suitable kind is available at Tynong, in Gippsland, and workmen are shown in the photograph drawing the blocks of granite from the hillside. Inserted fine heap of granite blocks ready for dressing. They measure from six cubic foot upwards.
THE ARGUS (MELBOURNE, VIC. : 1848 - 1957) WEDNESDAY 14 NOVEMBER 1928, PAGE 5 GRANITE FOR AN EVERLASTING SHRINE. TYNONG GRANITE QUARRY Creator: E Boord Museums Victoria
27 Tynong - Granite Quarry https://vro.agriculture. vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/ portregn.nsf/pages/ ppw_27-map
https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/ items/768350
- Obtaining stones also leaves scars on nature
· Tynong is a township located at the meeting point of the "Great Koo Wee Rup Swamp" and the base of the Gembrook Ranges.
· The original settlers of Tynong were farmers and timber cutters who purchased crown land in the 1870s.
· The railway opened in 1877, but it wasn't until sometime after 1881 that a station at Tynong was built. There were numerous efforts by residents to get a siding constructed.
· Tynong's history includes a variety of events and developments, such as the opening of a post office in 1882, the establishment of a store in 1903, and the mining of granite in the 1930s to build the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne.
· Tynong's major industries included timber mills and dairying, with prominent families such as Weatherhead, Gillespie, Scholes, Synot, Lamb, Cousins, and Thomas featuring in its history.
The village grew up near the railway station, other settlers lived in isolated bush locations. By 1882 a post office had been opened at Tynong railway station. There were no public buildings and children went to school in Garfield or in the Nar Nar Goon area prior to the opening of the Tynong School c1906.
A granite quarry was opened in 1931 to provide stone for the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. Tynong benefited from the state electricity connection to the quarry in 1929.
Facilities include a post office attached to the general store in Railway Avenue, public hall and infant welfare centre, railway station, recreation reserve and tennis courts.
Outsiders draw artificial grids on nature land belongs to indigenous people
The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia is a war memorial that commemorates the sacrifices made by Australian servicemen and women during various conflicts. It was first proposed by the Victorian branch of the Returned Sailors and Soldiers Imperial League of Australia (RSSILA) in 1918, soon after the end of World War I. The site was selected based on its historical significance, accessibility, and visibility. It overlooks the city of Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay, making it a prominent landmark in the city and easily accessible to visitors.
The design for the Shrine was chosen in 1922, following a competition that attracted over 80
entries from around the world. The winning design, by architects Phillip Hudson and James Wardrop, is inspired by classical Greek and Roman architecture and features a central sanctuary surrounded by colonnades. Construction began in 1927 and was completed in time for the official opening on November 11, 1934, which coincided with Armistice Day. Since then, the Shrine has become a site of pilgrimage for Australians seeking to remember and honor their fallen comrades.
The Shrine of Remembrance is an iconic and significant war memorial in Melbourne
The issue of an imbalance between Native and Exotic trees is a common problem in many landscapes, including the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. To address this issue, a strategy can be implemented that involves remaking the western axis through the progressive removal of trees. This approach would gradually reduce the number of trees in the area, creating new view corridors while maintaining a balance between Native and Exotic trees.
To create the new view corridors, certain trees may need to be removed. However, it is important to approach tree removal with care and sensitivity to the landscape. The edges of the eastern axis can be defined with stronger planting, utilizing native tree species to promote biodiversity and strengthen the ecosystem. This will also serve to counterbalance the impact of any tree removal that may occur.
In addition, maintaining clear views to the east elevation of the shrine is crucial for preserving the visual impact and significance of the landmark. Careful tree management can ensure that these views remain unobstructed while also maintaining a healthy and diverse tree population. By implementing a progressive approach to tree removal, the negative impact on the landscape can be minimized, and the balance between Native and Exotic trees can be restored in a sustainable and responsible manner.
The southern half of the Shrine of Remembrance site features a substantial hill, creating an impressive visual impact on visitors. More than 320 trees are scattered across the 13-hectare reserve, serving as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by thousands of people during wartime.
The design of the site features four underground gardens that showcase large tree specimens and highly detailed plant designs. These designs are inspired by the colors, qualities, and landscapes of the theatres of war and peacekeeping, providing a unique and meaningful experience for visitors.
In addition, approximately eight specific view corridors have been created for pedestrian approaches, enhancing the visual impact of the site and creating a sense of purposeful movement throughout the space. The furniture design of the site also pays tribute to its historical story, adding a layer of depth and meaning to the overall experience.
Finally, the potential location for future memorial sculptures provides further opportunities to honor the sacrifices made by Australian servicemen and women. With so much potential and meaning embedded in the site's design, the Shrine of Remembrance is a powerful tribute to those who have served their country.
The landscaping of the Shrine of Remembrance is not only aesthetically pleasing but also serves as a poignant tribute to those who sacrificed their lives for their country.
During our visit to the Royal Botanic Gardens, we were fortunate to meet Lenka, who guided us through a diverse collection of plants representing various Indigenous communities from different regions. Lenka provided us with a detailed understanding of how these plants are obtained and used in Indigenous cultures, particularly in the context of the smoking ceremony, which represents the past, present, and future. This experience allowed us to gain a deeper appreciation for the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the natural world, and how this relationship is reflected in their cultural practices.
The Indigenous landscape is not just the physical space below the trees but a deep cultural connection to the land, a journey of bringing home what was taken away, and putting it back. In Indigenous ceremonies, singing to the land country elicits a response, creating a powerful connection between people and place.
When incorporating personal experiences into design, it's important to consider the dialect and language of the Indigenous peoples, as well as their heritage and spiritual connection to the land. The signature of a design can also be seen as an interruption in the landscape, emphasizing the need to carefully consider how the design interacts with time and the natural environment.
Every aspect of the landscape, from the trees to the changing seasons, holds unique significance and represents a connection to the land. Understanding and honoring these connections is essential to creating a respectful and meaningful Indigenous landscape.
There is always a link between past, present and future
The Aboriginal Memorial – 30th Anniversary Djon Mundine, conceptual producer, introduces 'The Aboriginal Memorial' (1987–88) by Ramingining artists.
- The Aboriginal Memorial is an installation of 200 hollow log coffins from Central Arnhem Land.
- The installation commemorates Indigenous people who have lost their lives defending their land since 1788.
- The path through the Memorial imitates the course of the Glyde River estuary.
- The different painting styles are related to the artists' social groups and link people to common ancestors, land, language, and social affiliations.
- Yolngu people believe that shimmering brilliance in painting evokes ancestral power.
- The work is unified by common themes of life celebration, respect for the dead, and connection with ancestral beings.
- The Memorial marks a watershed in Australian society, celebrating Indigenous resilience and culture in the face of great odds.
The Australian Memorial at Pukeahu
- Rugged red sandstone columns represent the heart of Australia, while grey stone bands symbolize the New Zealand landscape.
- The central column is inscribed with the word 'Anzac' as a symbol of the shared goals in peace and war.
- Seven columns feature artwork of the first peoples of Australia and New Zealand.
How indigenous people show their rememberance ？
- Tynong is thought to be an Aboriginal word meaning many fish, evidence of its location on the margin of the former Koo Wee Rup Swamp.
- The original settlers of Tynong were farmers and timber cutters who purchased crown land in the 1870s.
- A granite quarry was opened in 1931 to provide stone for the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. Tynong benefited from the state electricity connection to the quarry in 1929.
- Tynong did not develop later in life and the quarry left scars on the land for nature
- The main idea of the design is to reproduce the idea of communication between the aborigines and the "land" through the design of the memorial.
- Reusing old timber is a sustainable practice that reduces waste and minimizes the need to cut down trees, which helps protect natural habitats and ecosystems
- Using old timber supports the principles of the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste and maximize the use of resources, promoting a more sustainable and respectful relationship with nature
- When old timber is repurposed or restored, it can preserve the history and natural beauty of the wood, promoting a deeper appreciation and respect for the natural world
Site Plan
A memorial that pays tribute to the land, nature and indigenous soldiers
Put the material from the land back
Griding the boundry
Tynong is linked with water &nature
The nature flow reform the grid
The intersection forms pods, as if forming a settlement
Projection flows to the ground to form trunk groves
- Respect for the land, responsible claiming, sustainability
- Plants and trees play an important part in Aboriginal culture
- Using the fences of the tynong and the rubble of the quarry to create this natural connection, while being respectful of the land
- Behind each indigenous soldier is his community, and the different fence stumps represent a tribute to each of them as individuals
- Circulation with the existing memorial
Quarry Stone base
Old fences remdoel structure
Pavilion Memorial Overall
Section Short
Grasshopper Testing Screenshot
The Tynong area's forest has undergone significant changes due to quarrying and logging activities. The once-thriving forest has been greatly diminished, with large portions of it being completely cleared for quarrying purposes. Logging has also contributed to the loss of trees and the disruption of the ecosystem. As a result, the natural beauty of the Tynong area has been greatly impacted, and efforts are needed to restore the landscape to its former glory. This includes implementing sustainable practices that allow the forest to regenerate and thrive while also ensuring that the area's natural resources are used responsibly.
Unrestrained demand for resources on the earth
From the early 1880s to 1930, railways played a crucial role in the consumption and transportation of timber in Victoria, Australia. The demand for timber sleepers, which are rectangular supports placed perpendicular to the rails for load distribution, created a substantial and sustained need for timber. Hewn sleepers, known for their durability, were particularly favored over sawn ones by Victoria's railway commissioners. This preference stemmed from the belief that hewers worked with the grain of the tree, while sawmills sometimes cut against it.
The demand for railway maintenance alone required hewn sleepers equivalent to at least 10% of the annual output of forest sawmills, and during peak periods, this figure exceeded 25%. This demand provided economic stability for many forest communities, especially during the challenging years of the 1890s economic depression. Railways not only facilitated the transportation of timber from remote forested regions to major metropolitan markets but also contributed to the growth of sawmills and increased timber traffic in certain areas following railway construction.
Many trees have been cut down for the construction of the railway, and many of the old sleepers are waiting to be reused with the change of times
There were also many railway sleepers that were produced and shipped to England, but as the warship sank, they remained on the bottom of Australia
- Bunya trees are sacred to indigenous Australians and were an important source of food, timber and fibre
- Indigenous Australians traditionally ate the bunya nut and shoots and used the tree's bark as kindling
- The Bunya gatherings were important cultural events that involved ceremonies, discussions, and negotiations over law, marriage, and regional issues
- Over time, most of the Bunya forests were felled for timber and cleared for cultivation by non-indigenous settlers
- Indigenous groups continue their cultural and spiritual connections to the Bunya Mountains, and traditional ecological knowledge is now incorporated into the management practices of national parks and conservation reserves
List of Australian Native Trees
- Gum tree
- Grevillea tree
- Black She Oak (Allocasuarina)
- Wattle tree
- Banksia tree
- Illawarra plum tree
- Tucker Bush cherry tree
- Native frangipani tree
- Lilly Pilly tree
- Lemon-scented myrtle tree
- Blueberry ash tree
- Willow Myrtle tree
- Australian pine (beaf-wood)
Most trees can tolerate drought and prefer soil that dries out between waterings. Water your tree regularly while it's establishing, but once it's mature, it can handle some dryness
Indigenous plants can thrive in low-nutrient soil, so fertilizer isn't usually necessary. However, flowering and fruit plants may benefit from a nutrient boost during the growing season. For Proteaceae plants such as banksias, it's best to use a low phosphorus fertilizer, as they are sensitive to phosphorus levels in the soil
Bunya bunya trees represent the History and development of agriculture in Tynong area
Most of the trees were foreign when the Shrine was built, and European varieties were planted on Australian soil, just as colonialism took place on this land
- The Mercado de la Encarnacion in Seville was destroyed, leaving a void in the city's urban character.
- Jürgen Mayer and Arup designed the Metropol Parasol to bring life back to the city center.
- The Metropol Parasol is one of the largest timber structures in the world and has a contemporary design.
- It provides markets and restaurants for residents and visitors, enriching the city economically and socially.
- The project illustrates how architecture can preserve cultural heritage while looking toward the future.
- The Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center in New Caledonia was designed to recognize the marginalized Kanak culture and was funded by the French government - Renowned architect Renzo Piano used traditional Kanak chiefs' houses as inspiration to create a monumental sequence of rounded, airy shells that vary in height and offer commanding views over the Pacific shoreline
How the pavilion of the CLT structure is embedded in the urban environment
How wood construction adapts to climate and culture
After selecting a gathering point for non-indigenous trees, a circular evolution is created by using the distance between the numbers as the diameter, resulting in a large roof covering a series of artificial tree trunks arranged along the path
Generates a series of gathering points for foreign trees
Circles are made with the spacing between trees as the diameter
Adjust the pavilion according to the pedestrian path
Divided into two groups according to the topography of the site
Cut out timber panels
Another crucial aspect of the design is the integration of indigenous and exotic trees in a harmonious way. The next step in the design process will involve analyzing the optimal locations for the replanting of these trees and making adjustments to the pavilion's form accordingly.
Indigenous trees and foreign trees are reconciled to re- form the land
Three pods, finished in different materials, provide the principal accommodation. The largest, clad in sweet chestnut timber, houses the museum displays and service facilities. The second largest, clad in glass, houses the educational base, a stylish café and retail facilities. Located between these is the third, by far the smallest and clad in zinc, which provides ticketing and guide facilities.
Oversailing them all, and resting on 211 irregularly placed sloping columns, is a steel canopy clad on the underside with zinc metal panels and shaped with a complex geometry reflecting the local landforms.
CHROFI and McGregor Coxall Propose a Woodland Cemetery Without Headstones
City Cemetery Presov – Svaby / STOA Architekti
The Australian Memorial at Pukeahu
Coloumn Memorial idea
Because of the need to build building blocks, try to reduce the number of circles and geometricize the shape of the tree
1. Exhibition Room
2. Reading Area
3. Admin Office
4. Toilets
The three main timber structures are connected with each other
Tree shape roof
Sleeper structure volume
Sleeper structure Wall
Tree shape roof generated Elevation
The design of the bridge was significantly influenced by the need to allow enough space for boats to pass underneath it. This gave rise to the adoption of an arched structure, with a clearance of four meters between the lower part of the bridge and the average water level. According to architect Luo Yujie, who leads the studio responsible for the bridge's construction, water systems were the principal mode of transportation and logistics during the fishing civilization era. As a result, bridges needed to be walkable while still providing ample space for boats to navigate beneath them. To satisfy these requirements, arches were traditionally used in China's bridge construction techniques to create adequate clearance for the passage of boats and enhance the overall efficacy of the structure.
The Brodie helmet, an armored headpiece for combat, was formulated and patented in London during 1915 by a Latvian inventor named John Leopold Brodie (Latvian: Leopolds Janno Braude). Its variation became recognized as the Helmet, Steel, Mark I in Britain and the M1917 Helmet in the US. The helmet was dubbed by many names including the shrapnel helmet, battle bowler, Tommy helmet, tin hat, and the doughboy helmet in the United States. It was also referred to as the dishpan hat, tin pan hat, washbasin, and Kelly helmet. The German Army referred to it as the Salatschüssel (salad bowl). It is imperative to note that the name Brodie is often misused and should only be correctly applied to the original 1915 Brodie's Steel Helmet, War Office Pattern.[
With the evolution of geometric shapes, the original "forest feeling" gradually disappeared. At the same time, it is necessary to reflect on the reality of the current decline in forests, and decide to use the pattern of forests to bring forests back
What
TOWER HILL
- In early August 1855, Eugene von Guérard returned to Melbourne from a sketching tour in South Australia.
A memorial pavilion based on the concept of reforestation has been designed on the grounds of the Shrine of Remembrance. The structure utilizes refurbished old railway sleepers and fencing collected from the Tynong and Victorian regions. This innovative project envisions the creation of a sustainable memorial on Boonwurrung land, aiming not only to provide a space for commemorating the first warriors but also to reflect the current greenery and forest coverage in the Tynong and Victorian regions on a larger scale. It explores reforestation strategies such as "bring timber back" and "let trees grow ". Through this project, the objective is to prompt reflection on the impacts of colonization and development on this land and nature while encouraging all people live here unite and collaborate towards a shared future.
Many trees have been cut down for the construction of the railway, and many of the old sleepers are waiting to be reused with the change of times
MetropolParasol
Jean-MarieTjibaouCulturalCentre
TWICE UPON THE LAND
TREE! TREE! TREE!
PavilionTest
Thisphasecharacterizesthedesignproposalasrelevant toforestreproductionandthereuseofoldwood
Trygeometry ofthe ONCE UPON TYNONG
developmentBunyabunyatreesrepresentofagricultureinTynong
constructThenaturalforestcoveroftheTynongareaisusedasapatternto thetextureofthebuilding
MostofthetreeswereforeignwhentheShrinewasbuilt,andEuropeanvarieties wereplantedonAustraliansoil,justascolonialismtookplaceonthisland
TimberBridgeinGulouWaterfront
CoedaHouseniAtami, KengoKuma
BRODIE HELMET
representtheHistoryand Tynongarea
geometrytheshape ofthetree
Natural ventilation
Translucent covering
Timber sleepers refurbished, Creating the pavilion structure
The platform on which the tree grows on its own
Cover provide shading while let the natural ventilation worked
Timber sleepers refurbished, Creating the pavilion structure
Together with the tree platform, a single module is formed
Composite Column Moment Connection
ELEVATION ON WEST
SECTION ON AA SOUTH
China joined World War I as an ally of the Entente Powers from 1917 to 1918, and though it did not send troops overseas, 140,000 Chinese laborers served in the British and French forces as part of the Chinese Labor Corps. Despite its neutral stance since 1914, Premier Duan Qirui of the Republic of China led the country's involvement in the war, seeking to align with Europe and the United States by supporting the Allies against the Central Powers. Consequently, China declared war on the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire on August 14, 1917, marking its entry into the global conflict.
Noyelles-Sur-Mer in France served as the main depot for the Chinese Labour Corps during World War I, with the largest camp and the No.3 Labour General Hospital located there. The Corps was established through an agreement between the Chinese and British governments to employ Chinese labor in France, with the first contingent arriving in April 1917. By the end of 1917, there were 54,000 Chinese laborers in France and Belgium, and by the Armistice, the Corps numbered almost 96,000. Around 2,000 Chinese workers died during the war, and their comrades selected Chinese characters to engrave on their headstones in the cemetery that was built after the war. Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens with the assistance of Captain Truelove, the cemetery contains 841 First World War burials, with an inscription in Chinese around the entrance feature chosen by Shi Zhaoji, the Chinese Ambassador to Great Britain during the war, which translates as a commemoration of the sacrifice paid by 1900 Chinese workers who lost their lives during the war.
During the Second World War, the Chinese Australian community stepped forward to enlist and defend Australia. Members enlisted in various branches, including the Second Australian Imperial Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Australian Navy, and Women’s Auxiliary Services. Almost half of eligible men and 4% of eligible women from the Chinese Australian community served, showcasing their dedication and loyalty to Australia. Over 1,000 enlistments were made by Australians with Chinese heritage, and over 550 non-Australian Chinese refugees and merchant seamen enlisted as noncombatants in the 7th Army Employment Company, also known as the Chinese Labour Corps, to support the war effort.
The participation of Chinese in both World Wars is a reminder of the significant contributions made by ethnic minorities to the defence of their adopted countries. Despite facing discrimination and prejudice, Chinese Australians and Chinese labourers in Europe served with distinction, demonstrating their loyalty and commitment to their respective nations. However, their stories have often been overlooked in historical accounts of the wars. It is important to remember and honour their sacrifices, and to continue to strive for greater inclusivity and recognition of the diverse groups that have contributed to our shared history.
After World War Two, thousands of Chinese seamen who had worked on British ships were forced to leave the UK, including those who had married local women and had children. The British government considered their numbers to be too large and decided to repatriate them back to China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This also happened after World War One, when British merchant marine veterans were similarly forced to leave the country. Families were torn apart and many wives were left to face great hardships, even having to give up their children for adoption. The children of these seamen later formed an organization and lobbied for a memorial plaque, hoping it could provide closure and help policy makers learn from the past to avoid future injustices. The plaque cannot bring back what was lost, but it can offer a lesson and a chance for healing and moving forward.
- A better life: People often leave their home countries in search of better economic opportunities, higher standards of living, and improved prospects for themselves and their families.
- Family: Many immigrants choose to migrate in order to be closer to family members who have already moved to a new country, or to join family members who have sponsored their immigration.
- Freedom: Some people leave their home countries in search of greater political, religious, or personal freedoms that may not be
available in their country of origin.
- Disaster: Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes, can also prompt people to migrate if their homes and communities have been devastated.
- War and Conflict: In some cases, people are forced to flee their home countries due to war, political violence, or other forms of conflict. In these situations, leaving one's home and starting anew in a new country may be the only option for survival.
As migrants to Australia, it's important to acknowledge that while we did not directly participate in the colonization or occupation of this land, we are still benefiting from its history and must take responsibility for our place here and work towards reconciliation with Indigenous Australians.Hobsons Bay Railway Pier, Sandridge (now Station Pier, Port Melbourne), about 1878, showing one of two small steam locomotives used for shunting goods trucks on the pier. "Diggers on way to Bendigo", watercolour, 1852-3 by S.T. Gill
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https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3968930?fbclid=IwAR2PI_ES9fZ4EyO2hhEHKWKuxoe4awnw2Ap_ i1BfHHqk934-Ydih07H0sU8.
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Crampton, Linda. 2023. “The Bunya Pine: A Strange, Impressive, and Useful Tree.” Owlcation. March 27, 2023.
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CWGC. n.d. “Noyelles-Sur-Mer Chinese Cemetery | Cemetery Details.” CWGC. Accessed June 3, 2023.
https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/68500/noyelles-sur-mer-chinese-cemetery/.
———. n.d. “Noyelles-Sur-Mer Chinese Cemetery | Cemetery Details.” CWGC. Accessed June 3, 2023.
https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/68500/noyelles-sur-mer-chinese-cemetery/.
Donovan, Jamie. 2021. “A Complete Guide to Australian Native Trees.” Lawn.com.au. September 21, 2021.
https://lawn.com.au/a-guide-to-australian-native-trees/.
economichistorysociety. 2019. “Trains and Timber: What We Can Learn from Victoria, 1880–1930.” November 28, 2019.
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