Studio Air_Yiyi zhu _partb by Yiyi Zhu

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, Brad Elias YIYI ZHU

Part B: CRITERIA DESIGN B1. Research Field

B2. Case Study 1.0 B2A. Getting to Know L-Systems and Loops B2B. Analysis of the ‘Bloom Project’ (2012) B2C. Component Design & Manual Recursion B3. Case Study 2.0

37 45 51

B4. Technique Development B5. Technique: Prototypes B6. Technique: Proposal

79 105

113

B7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes B8. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

118 119

B1. Research Field ‘Genetics’

Genetic architecture is self-generated base on the components and rules. It is inspired by DNA, which only contains 4 types nitrogen-containing nucleobases to form chains with certain rules. A variety of expressions are generated by the different alignment of the 4 elements. The outcome of changes in DNA is generally unpredictable. Genetics applies this concept of growth and form of natural organisms to architecture.1 In genetic architecture, highly complex structures could be generated by simple rules of connecting components. In addition, as the outcome is self-generated rather than designed, it is generally unpredictable. In genetics architecture, the highly different outcome could be achieved by changing the rule and order of connection between components. Minor changes to the design in the component also could influence the result greatly. The algorithm is used in the design process. With the aid of digital software, the process of recursive aggregation is increased. In addition, it can provide an overview of the outcome. Thus, it could update the result with changes to help a designer to improve the design.

1.Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003), (P23) 35

B2. Case Study 1.0 B2A. Getting to Know L-Systems and Loops

L-system

L-system is invented by Aristid Lindenmayer. The system imitates the growth of plants, which is recursive and branching system based on rules. It is possible to achieve complex outcomes by setting simple rules. Highly different outcomes could be achieved by minor changes in the design of components or the rule sets.

Species 1: Anemone is used to generate the this species. The first generation contains 3 straight lines as branches. Changes are made to the simple rules. Highly different outcomes could be achieved by minor changes in the design of components or the rule sets.

1:(-5.9,4.0,5.9) 2:(-7.8,3.2,10.0) 3:(-10.0,-1.0,-10.0)

1:(-10.0,10.0,10.0)

1:(-5.9,4.0,5.9) 2:(-7.8,3.2,10.0) 3:(-10.0,-1.0,-10.0)

2:(10.0,-10.0,10.0) 3:(10.0,10.0,-10.0)

1:(3.7,10.0,10.0)

1:(10.0,1.7,2.8)

2:(8.2,-10.0,10.0)

2:(10.0,10.0,10.0)

3:(0.0,-5.7,5.8)

3:(10.0,-2.2,10.0)

Species 2: This species is also generated by Anemone. The first generation contains 4 curves, which are rotated to obtain changes.

ANGLE1: 24 ANGLE2:169 ANGLE3:80 ANGLE4:0

ANGLE1: 34

ANGLE1:-81

ANGLE2:117

ANGLE2:161

ANGLE3:76

ANGLE3:70

ANGLE4:11

ANGLE1:160 ANGLE2:-143 ANGLE3:29 ANGLE4:-66

ANGLE1:-6

ANGLE2:16

ANGLE3:-6

ANGLE4:25

end point of each branches

1:(-6.4,-2.8,2.8) 2:(10.0,-7.9, 2.1) 3:(10.0,-2.9,10.0)

ANGLE1:56

ANGLE2:98

ANGLE3:-85

ANGLE4:-4

1:(1.9,1.3,2.8) 2:(10.0,0.7,2,1) 3:(8.7,1.6,1.6)

ANGLE1:-180 ANGLE2:106 ANGLE3:-76 ANGLE4:-40

1:(1.9,5.9,10.0)

1:(1.9,6.8,-10.0)

2:(10.0,-4.4,5.8)

2:(10.0,-3.5,8.6)

3:(8.7,1.6,-10)

3:(7.7,9.0,-10)

ANGLE1:-14 ANGLE2:108 ANGLE3:-82 ANGLE4:-89

ANGLE1:-180 ANGLE2:46 ANGLE3:-100 ANGLE4:180 39

Species 3: Rabbit plug-in is used to generate the system, Angles are adjusted for changes.

Axiom: FFFA

Derivation length 8

A=!””[B]////[B]////[B]

STEP: 10

B=&FFFAJ

LENGTH: 1

ANGLE:10

ANGLE:15

ANGLE:20

ANGLE:25

ANGLE:30

Species 4: This species also use rabbit. It has more branches than species3. The difference also is achieved by changing the angle. Axiom: FFA

DERVATION LENGTH:9

A=^[B]///[B]///[C]

STEP:8

B=&&FF”A///[C]

LENGTH: 1

C=\\\””FA

ANGLE:40

ANGLE:90

ANGLE:95

ANGLE:110

ANGLE

E:115

ANGLE:35

ANGLE:40

ANGLE:130

ANGLE:140

ANGLE:50

ANGLE:70

ANGLE:160

ANGLE:170

Successful species Selection reason: 1-B: The branches filling the space more uniformly than others, while also creating volume underneath.

2-D: The angle of orientation creates the rotation effect.

3-I: There are more branches act as footing and they form so the structure will be more stable.

4-B: All the members are perpendicular or parallel to others. Thus the structure will be easier to construct in real life.

B2B. Analysis of the ‘Bloom Project’ (2012)

Bloom Project by Alisa Andrasek / Jose Sanchez

FIG 1. BLOOM PROJECT

FIG 2. BLOOM PROJECT 46

FIG 3. BLOOM PROJECT BENCH DESIGN

The project is produced by repetition of one component. The form is generated by alternations of the connection of among the components. The design of the plastic component provides varies ways of connection (multiplicity of connection points). Varies of notches are designed to connect the components together (Fig 2.). It is a public source project, which allows the public to be involved in the design, altered and dismantled1 (Fig4.5.). The bench is the only part provided by the design team. It is an array of a component with steel frame run through the holes in the component as supporting structure. The rotation of the components produced the curving shape of the bench. It could be regarded as the axiom of the aggregation. The public could connect future generation to the components on the bench. (Fig3.) Although the whole project only consists the same component, highly dynamic and unpredictable outcome could be achieved, because anyone could get involved and connect the components in ways they preferred. With various approaches to the components, different spaces are generated. The form also is not settled. It could be altered at any time by anyone as long as the structure equilibrium. The assemble process also helps the public to learn how to build the structure properly. In order to build a larger structure, people also need to collaborate with each other. The design of the component is produced with the aid of digital media, such as Rhino, Grasshopper, and python. 12 connections ways are achieved by having 3 slots. The component could be easily connected with each other. They are no sharp edges so that the participates will not be hurt. The position of slots and the shape of the component are tested in software, which enables producing a highly complex structure with simple rules.

FIG 4. PUBLIC INTERACTION WITH BLOOM PROJECT

FIG 5. PUBLIC INTERACTION WITH BLOOM PROJECT

1. Furuto, Alison, â&#x20AC;&#x2122; BLOOM - A Crowd Sourced Garden / Alisa Andrasek and Jose Sanchezâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Archidaily, < http:// www.archdaily.com/269012/bloom-a-crowd-sourced-garden-alisa-andrasek-and-jose-sanchez > [15 Sep 2017] 47

FIG 6. BLOOM PROJECT

FIG 7. BLOOM PROJECT

B2C. Component Design & Manual Recursion

Components design

Curving

Orthogonal

Sharp

Blobby

Perforated

Concave and convex

PERSPECTIVE

The concave and convex of the surface generated a different light effect than a flat surface. Ruleset: Axiom: A

If A collide with B or C, delete B or C.

A=ABC

If B collide with C, delete C.

B=BC (self and other one)

If same type of component collide with each others, delete all of them.

C=AC (self and axiom)

FRONT

C A

COMPONENT

CONNECTION

RIGHT

TOP

TREE DIAGRAM

Perforated

PERSPECTIVE

The design of this component is inspired by a tree. The holes on the component are generated by using image sampling of grasshopper to sample an image of sunlight penetrated through leaves. Ruleset: Axiom: A

If A collide with B or C, delete B or C.

A=ABC If B collide with C, delete C. B=AC (axiom and other one) If same type of component collide with each others, delete all of them.

C=AB (axiom and other one)

FRONT

B C

COMPONENT

CONNECTION

RIGHT

TOP

TREE DIAGRAM

Sharp

PERSPECTIVE

The component is slender and too sharp corners. Volumes are created by rotation. Ruleset: Axiom: A

If B collide with A or C, delete A or C.

A=ABC

If A collide with C, delete A.

B=AB

If same type of component collide with each others, delete all of them.

C=BC

FRONT

B C A

COMPONENT

CONNECTION

RIGHT

TOP

TREE DIAGRAM

Blobby

PERSPECTIVE

The component is the combination of 3 intersected spheres. Ruleset: Axiom: B

If C collide with A or B, delete A or B.

A=AB

If A collide with B, delete A.

B=ABC

If same type of component collide with each others, delete all of them.

C=AC

FRONT

B A C

COMPONENT

CONNECTION

RIGHT

TOP

TREE DIAGRAM

B3. Case Study 2.0

Reverse engineering

Step1: component Draw the component and draw reference lines. The length first segment of the reference line is equal to the length of the component. This length will become the standard length.

Step 2: reference curves Draw curves with two straight lines perpendicular to each other Step3: Standardization the length of the first segment of reference curves to allow for standardization of the components at the later stage. Step 4: Assign unique length to the second segment of each polyline. In doing so, defining geometry attributes for a heuristic, which assign an identity to each polyline.

Step 5:

Tagging branches with a letter that corresponds to the initial index number to the polyline. Convert index number (1,2.3 â&#x20AC;Ś) to letter tag( A, B, C â&#x20AC;Ś). The letter tag will be used in rule sets to avoid confusion in later stages.

AXIOM

Step 6:

Draw new plans perpendicular to the first polyline at the end of polylines for reorientation for recursive process. Plane: - origin: the end point of the first segment - x axis: the second segment - y axis: rotate the second segment 90 degrees along the first segment.

Step 7: Grow the future generation on previous base on the rule set.

Step 8: Orient the geometries to the reference curves

Flow chart

Set dummy axiom ployline

Draw start point for aggregation

Standard length

Draw planes for reorient axiom

Standardise the length of the first segment of the curve

Draw dummy branch polylines (reference curves for orientation)

Draw planes for reorientation of initial branches

Split the curves into two segments

Covet the length of the second line into index

Set the start p for aggregation Redraw the second segment perpendicular to the first segment into different length as heuristic handle

Choose the number of generation (N)

Loop start (Anemone)

Read current it growth branch the length of h

Set the rule se

Reference a point of geometry

Draw first reference lines to standard length

Draw second line at the end of the first line perpendicular the first line

Draw plane

point n

teration select hes base on heuristic

Reorient the reference lines

et for reorient

Loop end

IF LOOPING TIME>=N

Reference lines

Orient the geometry to all lines

Reference geometry

IF LOOPING TIME<N

w end reference e for orientation

Rule set: Axiom: ABC A=AB B=AB C=AB

Tree diagram:

n=5 n=1

n=2

n=3

n=6

n=4

12 connection methods

Different Growth Rule

Axiom: ABC A=AD B=BD C=BC D=/ N=5

Axiom: ABC A=C B=BC C=BD D=BD N=3

There are 12 different connection methods.

Axiom: ABC A=AD B=BD C=BD D=/ N=7

Axiom: ABC A=AC B=C C=BD D=A N=3

Deleting collision components Minor changes of reference component. Change the size of slots slightly bigger than normal. Thus components will not touch each other when they connected as desired.

Deleting component collide within a generation. Step1: Orient changed geometry Orient changed component to reference curves of the current generation. Step2: Delete the same type of component collides with each other. Use Collision Many/Many to detect the collision and cull both collide components. Step3: Detect collision among different types base on rule set Input the components to Collision One/Many to detect the collision. Step 3: Delete collision components Input the list of reference curves as the list to cull, the list from Collision One/Many as cull pattern into Cull Pattern. Step4: Connect the culled curve list back to loop.

Kill within a generation The grey component are the one being deleted. 72

Deleting components in current generation collide with previous generation. Step 1: Orient changed geometry Orient changed component to reference curves of current and previous generation. Step 2: Detect collision Input previous geometry as the obstacle and current geometry as the object for collision use collision Many/Many. Step 3: Delete collision components Input the list of reference curves of the current generation as the list to cull, the list from Collision One/Many as cull pattern into Cull Pattern.

Kill by previous generation The grey component are the one being deleted. 73

Environment response

Stop growing when touching ceiling or walls

Example: N=7

Step1: Place the changed geometry to the reference line in the loop. Step2: Detect collision Input the ceiling geometry as the obstacle object and the geometry of object for collision. Step3: Cull Use Cull Pattern to delete the reference lines of objects collide with the ceiling. Step4: Connect the list of culled reference back to loop

Stop growing when too far away from Axiom

Example: N=7, Distance=1440

Step1: Measure the distance Extract the end points of reference curves in the loop and measure the distance between the end points and axiom. Step2: Compare distance Set distance and compare the list of distance with it. Step3: Cull Input the result from Step2 to Cull Pattern delete the branches which are too far away from axiom. Step4: Connect the list of culled reference back to loop

B4. Technique Development

Component 1

The original design consists of a sphere and a straight pipe. The pipe changes to a curving one to produce a more dynamic form. Material: metal

COMPONENT DESIGN1

COMPONENT DESIGN2

C D E

F CONNECTIONS 80

Ruleset 1

Ruleset 2

Axiom: BDF

Axiom: ABCDE

A=AB

A=/

B=C

B=AB

C-E

C=AC

D=AD

E=B

E=CDEF

F=A

Kill all collided branches within a generation. Kill the branches in the new generation if they collided with the previous generation.

Ruleset1:

RULESET1 WITH COMPONENT DESIGN2

Ruleset2

RULESET2 WITH COMPONENT DESIGN1

RULESET2 WITH COMPONENT DESIGN2

Component 2

The connection slots are designed in the same way as Bloom Project. Material: timber

COMPONENT DESIGN

A E

C D

CONNECTIONS

Ruleset 1

Ruleset 2

AXIOM: BCE

AXIOM: ABCDE

B=BC

A=AD

C=BC

B=AB

E=BC

C=AB

Kill all collided branches within a generation. Kill the branches in the new generation if they collided with the previous generation.

D=AD E=ABD Kill all collided branches within a generation. Kill the branches in the new generation if they collided with the previous generation.

Ruleset1

Ruleset2:

selected points

Stop growing when close to selected points.

Component 3

COMPONENT DESIGN

The size of rectangle holes will increase when the distance between the component and the axiom increase. Material: transparent plastic

A D

B C

C B

E A

N F

K K c

CONNECTIONS 92

Ruleset 1

Ruleset 2

Axiom: ABCDE

A=BE

A=B

B=AB

B=C

C=CE

C=D

D=CD

D=A

E=CA

E=AD

N=5

N=48

Kill all collided branches within a generation. Kill the branches in the new generation if they collided with the previous generation.

Ruleset1:

Ruleset 2:

Blue transparent material is used.

der which is less likely to collision with 3: each other. COMPONETN Component 4

The component is slender which is less likely to collision with each other. The component is slider to reduce Material: Velvet Red the change of collision. Material: velvet red rubber

COMPONENT DESIGN

D E

B A

CONNECTION

Ruleset 1

Ruleset 2

Axiom: ABCDE

A=AE

A=BCDE

B=AB

B=A

C=AC

C=A

D=AD

D=A

E=AE

E=A

Kill all collided branches within a generation. Kill the branches in the new generation if they collided with the previous generation.

Ruleset1

100

101

Ruleset2

102

103

104

B5. Technique: Prototypes

105

Molding and Milling- component1 and component4 Component1 and component4 are proposed to be fabricated by using milling and molding technique. CNC milling is chose to fabricate the molds. Comparing to traditional milling methods, CNC milling can produce objects more precisely and faster according the digital model1. As all the components are identical, the mold can be reused for mass production of components. Steps of fabrication: Step 1. Draw the mold for fabrication. Use Boolean Difference to subtract the component. Note that the component might need to be rotated so that the mold for slots are not floated when separate the mold into two parts. Step 2. Use milling to fabricate the mold. Milling can produced mold precisely following the digital model. Step 3. Melt the material and inject into the mold. Step 4. Take off the mold. Step 5. Polish. Component1 Material: metal (magenta) The tangent of the curve of ends should be consistent so that it can be inserted into another component. The curvature of the ends also provides better connection ability than a straight one.

end for connection COMPONENT1 DESIGN

Inject the material COMPONENT1 MOLD DESIGN

1. Cammachine, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Big Benefits of Having a CNC Milling Machineâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;, Cam Machine (Sep 2014) <http://www. cam-machine.com/big-benefits-cnc-milling-machine/> [19 Sep 2017] 106

Component4

Material: rubber and metal (velvet red) Component4 is separated into two parts for fabrication.

Rubber

The main part of the component is made of velvet red rubber. The end for connection is made of metal so that the connection is rigid. The metal is coated with the same colour as the main part.

Metal

COMPONENT4 DESIGN

Inject the material

COMPONENT4 MOLDS DESIGN 107

Laser cutting - component2 and component3 Component 2 and 3 both are proposed to be fabricated by laser cutting. Laser cutting could cut sheet materials precisely and uses less energy when cutting steel and aluminium sheets. Both components are made of flat sheets, so they are suitable for laser cutting. In addition, the outline of component2 is intricate. Hence, it is efficient to use laser cutting to obtain the objects of precise dimensions. On the other hand, component3 have various designs, laser cutting is suitable for customized components. Components are connected by the fiction between slots. This allows the structure to be disassembled and reassembled easily.

Steps of fabrication: Step 1: Draw the outline of the geometry and arrange them on the template for laser cutting. Step 2: Send the template to the Fablab and wait to collect the job. Step 3: Pick up the requisite pieces and start to assemble them together.

Conponent3

ONE TYPE OF COMPONENT3 DESIGN

Material: Acrylic sheet

108

COMPONENT3 FOR LASER CUTTING

Component2 Material: Plywood

COMPONENT2 DESIGN

COMPONENT2 FOR LASER CUTTING

FINISHED JOB OF COMPONENT2 COLLECT FROM FABLAB

DETAIL OF PHYSICAL MODEL OF COMPONENT2

Notice that the slot of the physical component is bigger than the dimension on the drawing. As a result, the connection is not tight. Thus, the width of slots should be slightly shorter than the thickness of the materials.

PHYSICAL MODEL OF COMPONENT2 - CONNECTION 109

110

111

112

B6. Technique: Proposal

113

Site - Dulux Gallery Dulux Gallery, located in the basement of Melbourne School of design, is the largest gallery in Melbourne School of design. It is commonly used to exhibit students’ works of Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning1. The type of the collection ranges from model to draw. It is a place for people to explore and discuss ideas. Component 3 is proposed to be used. The dimension is 500mm (width) by 1000mm (length). The Aggregation A grows under the ceiling has more vertical members, while the Aggregation B grows in the place without ceiling has more horizontal members. Moreover, the horizontal members in Aggregation A are parallel to the floor. The Aggregation B is rotated and projected upwards. Some components in Aggregation A, which are closed to the ground are trimmed to create some space. SECTION

Aggregation B

Aggregation A

1. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning , ‘The Dulux Gallery ‘, Melbourne School of Design <https://msd. unimelb.edu.au/dulux-gallery> [19 Sep 2017] 114

PLAN

115

Special Components

Special component for connection to ceiling is made up of two parts. They are manufactured specially and is connected with each other. Part A has holes for connecting the component to the ceiling by screws. Part B is the normal component which is trimmed into different depth according to needs.

CEILING COMPONENT

CONNECTION TO CEILING

FOOTING COMPONENTS

BRIDGING COMPONENTS

Special component for footing is made up of two pieces to provide stability. Extra slots are added for connection.

Special components for connecting 2 aggregations has extra customized slots for connection.

Non-human clients â&#x20AC;&#x201C; climbing plants Frames could be added to the components to allow climbing plants to grow on.

COMPONENT WITH FRAME 116

CLIMBING PLANTS LIKE IVY CAN CLIMB ON

117

B7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes

I became more familiar with Grasshopper by doing Pat B. By doing recursive aggregation both manually in B2C and atomically by using grasshopper in B4, I notice how computation can speed up the design process. A better design outcome also could be achieved with the aid of Grasshopper as more iteration could be explored in the same amount of time. Through the reverse engineering process, I understand how digital tools helped to visualize the outcome and help to modify and improve the components. Different approaches could be used to achieve the similar outcome. Noticeably, it is crucial to use the appropriate data structure in Grasshopper. In addition, the process time of Grasshopper could be saved if the objects are modeled in a smaller scale rather than actual size. By using software like V-ray, effects of different materials could be visualized before the physical fabrication.

118

B8. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

119

120

121

Reference List Cammachine, ‘Big Benefits of Having a CNC Milling Machine‘, Cam Machine (Sep 2014) <http:// www.cam-machine.com/big-benefits-cnc-milling-machine/> [19 Sep 2017] Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning , ‘The Dulux Gallery ‘, Melbourne School of Design <https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/dulux-gallery> [19 Sep 2017] Furuto, Alison, ’ BLOOM - A Crowd Sourced Garden / Alisa Andrasek and Jose Sanchez’, Archidaily, < http://www. archdaily.com/269012/bloom-a-crowd-sourced-garden-alisa-andrasek-and-jose-sanchez > [15 Sep 2017] Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003) WEC Group Ltd, ‘Laser Cutting Benefits‘, WEC LASER (England: WEC Group Ltd ) <http:// www.laser-eng.com/laser-cutting-benefits.html> [19 Sep 2017] List of Fig. Fig 1-6. https://www.plethora-project.com/bloom/ Fig 7. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/41/e8/9f/41e89f73c3d0e6f7d7dd89ddd21de4c2.jpgsearch?q=Winner+WONDER+SERIES+Competition+2012+Alisa+Andrasek+/+Jose+Sanchez&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa

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