Africa Hair and Beauty Magazine July - August Edition

Page 1

Hair
and Beauty e Magazin rica in
W/Af

Vol.
29
No.
92
July/August
2021

Nigerian
Hairdressers’ Workshop

The
incredible
 value
of
healthy
hair Contentment
as
 a
way
of
Life


2


3


Hello
Africa,
Good
day
Nigeria.

Even
the
articles
in
this
edition
are
worth
twice
more
than
the
cover
 price
of
the
magazine.
Read­on,
and
enjoy
the
other
benefits
of
Hair
 and
Beauty. Years
ago,
Hairdressing
,

as
an
occupation
or
a
profession,
was
 looked
down
upon
by
many.

Hairdressing
Practitioners
were
 poorly
considered
as
failures,
school
dropouts,
and
block­heads.
 Not
anymore,
Hairdressing
has
become
a
"noble"
profession
­
 worldwide.
Suddenly,
we
are
made
to
know
or
believe
that,
with
a
 good
knowledge
of
the
skill
of
Hairdressing,
you
can
earn
a
living
 anywhere
in
the
world,

where
there
are
women
and
men.

There
is
no
important
event,
TV
or
off­TV
that
the
players
or
major
 participants
don't
require
the
services
of
Hairdressers.

Even
sports
 personalities,
Athletes
and
Footballers
make
loud
statements
with
 their
hairstyle.
Up
Hairdressers!!!

At
a
recent
Hairdressers
seminar
organized
by
Kanekalon
and
its
 Nigeria
partners
­
Darling
and
Xpression.
The
lead
guest
speaker
at
 the
event,
Mr.
Fred
Chris,
owner
of
Who
is
that
girl
Beauty
 Enterprise.
His
lead
question
was
­
"How
many
of
you
know
how
 much
you
earn
monthly,
quarterly
and
yearly.
This
question
lasted
 for
over
5
minutes
before
one
of
the
Hairdressers
in
attendance
 summoned
up
courage
to
answer
this
seemingly
simple
question.
 From
the
response
received,
we
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
 industry
is
rift
with
poor
or
non
existent
record
keeping
habits.
The
 Speaker
challenged
his
audience
to
develop
the
habit
of
keeping
 records.
If
you
don't
know
how
much
you
earn
daily,
weekly,
 monthly
or
yearly,
you
won't
know
if
you
are
making
progress


INSIDE
THE
ISSUE 06

4

Publisher’s
Commentary

28

The
incredible
value
of
healthy
hair

42

7
Tips
to
protect
Colour
treated
hair

52

Contentment
as
a
way
of
Life

www.melmoyabeautypalour.com www.melmoya.com

5


July/August
Edition
2021

6



8


9


10


11


12


13 13


14


15


7
Digital
Marketing
Ideas
 That
Will
Give
Your
Salon
 a
Boost From
­
RevLocal.com

With
the
overwhelming
number
of
salons
to
choose
from,
it’s
more
important
than
ever
for
 your
business
to
stand
out
from
the
competition.
That’s
why
we
put
together
this
list
of
 seven
digital
marketing
tips
for
salons
and
spas
to
try
now!

Get
more
reviews. Your
potential
customers
want
to
hear
and
see

results
if
it
has
positive
reviews,
even
if
it’s
not

how
your
current
customers
are
feeling
about

the
top
result.

their
experiences
at
your
business.

Make
sure
you
have
a
steady
stream
of
positive

Your
online
reputation
is
extremely
important,

reviews
coming
in
on
a
regular
basis
to
build
up

and
 this
 can
 be
 a
 determining
 factor
 for

your
star
rating.

consumers
 who
 are
 looking
 for
 a
 new
 salon.

Encourage
 your
 happy
 clients
 to
 leave

Finding
a
new
stylist
can
be
intimidating,
but

feedback
 with
 the
 exact
 services
 they

positive
feedback
can
be
the
deciding
factor

purchased
during
their
visit.
This
will
highlight

when
looking
at
a
new
salon.

your
 team's
 skills
 in
 reviews,
 showing

And,
 consumers
 are
 more
 likely
 to
 click
 on

consumers
that
you
are
good
at
what
you
do.

businesses
with
a
high
review
star
rating.

And,
when
clients
mention
a
specific
service,

A
recent
study
found
that
56
percent
of
people

they
 are
 adding
 keywords
 to
 their
 review,

will
 click
 on
 a
 business
 in
 the
 local
 search

giving
it
some
local
search
marketing
power!

Perfect
your
online
social
game. Potential
 customers
 will
 go
 to
 Facebook
 or

that
will
validate
your
experience
within
your

Instagram
 to
 see
 your
 most
 recent
 work.

industry.Setting
 up
 a
 daily
 or
 weekly
 social

Photos
 are
 a
 great
 way
 to
 showcase
 your

media
 to-do
 list
 is
 a
 great
 way
 to
 stay

team’s
 skills
 and
 get
 new
 clients
 in
 the

organized
and
on
task
with
getting
those
posts

door.Post
often
and
post
high-quality
content

up.


7
Digital
Marketing
Ideas
That
Will
Give
Your
Salon
a
Boost

Perfect
your
online
social
game. Here
are
some
ideas
for
photos
your
salon
or
spa
can
post
on
social
media:  Before
and
after
images
of
clients

 Photos
of
the
interior
of
your
salon
or
spa

 Photos
of
your
stylists,
technicians,
estheticians,
etc
(you
can
feature
a
new
employee
each

week)

 Products
or
sale
items

 Gift
baskets
during
holidays

 Quick
tutorial
videos
(how
to
curl
your
hair
using
a
flat
iron,
etc)

Be
brand
consistent. A
 great
 brand
 is
 built
 over
 time
 but
 requires

represent
your
business
in
all
aspects
from
the

great
intention.From
your
business
name,
logo

moment
 your
 customers
 meet
 your
 business

and
 tagline
 to
 your
 products
 and
 services,

online
to
the
moment
they
walk
through
your

consistency
is
key.
Be
strategic
about
how
you

door.

Here
are
some
more
quick
tips
to
help
with
your
salon's
digital
marketing:  Allow
 clients
 to
 book
 appointments
 online:
 This
 makes
 it
 easy
 for
 a
 consumer
 who
 is

researching
your
business
to
choose
your
business
over
the
competition.
(Who
uses
a
phone
to

call
people
anymore,
anyway?)  List
pricing
and
services
on
your
website:
If
you
list
these
in
the
content
of
your
site,
you’ll
give

those
browsing
consumers
a
good
idea
of
how
much
they
are
going
to
pay,
and
that
content

can
help
your
local
search
ranking!  Invest
in
local
search
marketing:
The
salon/spa
industries
are
competitive,
so
you’ll
need
to

make
sure
your
online
presence
is
squeaky
clean.Try
social
media
advertising.
Facebook
and

Instagram
ads
with
location-specific
(and
demographic)
targeting
are
a
great
way
to
put
your
 salon
in
front
of
local
consumers
who
have
never
heard
of
your
business
or
are
still
on
the
fence
 about
 trying
 you.
 Pair
 those
 ads
 with
 a
 landing
 page
 or
 discount,
 and
 you’ll
 improve
 your
 chances
of
bringing
in
even
more
customers.


Kanekalon
and
its
Par ners
 -
(X-pression
&
Darling)
 Hosted
a
seminar
for

Hairstylists
on
 Thursday,
July
22,
2021.

T

he
well-attended
event
was
organized
by
Kanekalon-Ghana.
Participants
were
drawn
from
 the
six
prominent
Hair
Associations
in
Lagos
and
Ogun
state.
The
venue
of 
the
event
was
 Beverly’s
International
Event
Centre.
In
attendance
were
both
the
stalwarts
of 
the
 hairdressers'
industry
and
the
rank
and
file.
In
addition
to
presidents,
Mama
Elegant
Twins,
and
 Mrs.
Ishoka,
were
on
hand
to
grace
the
occasion.
As
well
as
representatives
of 
Kanekalon-Ghana,
 X-pression,
and
Darling.
Mr.
Samuel
Amoako
of 
Kanekalon,
Ghana
declared
the
event
open.
The
 guest
speaker
was
the
internationally
acclaimed
hair
industry
expert,
Mr.
Fred
Chris

who
is
also
the
 proprietor
of 
Who's
That
Girl.
The
compere
/
MC
was
xxxx.
Music
was
provided
by
xxx.
There
 was
ample
refreshments.
The
partners
provided
large
bags
of 
gifts
and
souvenirs
for
all
who
 attended.



20


21


22


23




26


Bella
Collection,
Super
Star
Attraction
&
Elegance

R

Crochet
Extension
28”

T

G

X-seduction

Fresh
Curl

Sirena

00%

RE

27


H

WHY
HEALTHY
HAIR
 IS
IMPORTANT
TO
 YOUR
OVERALL
WELL BEING

air
care
is
important
for
not
only
our
appearance,
but
also
for
our
overall
hygiene.
Having
healthy
hair
 allows
us
to
look
our
best
and
ensure
our
hair
and
scalp
is
healthy.
It
is
important
to
visit
a
reputable
salon
 and
utilize
quality
hair
care
products
to
ensure
your
hair
is
as
healthy
as
possible.
 e
look
of
hair
is
 important
to
many
and
has
a
signi cant
impact
on
our
self-esteem.
 is
is
highlighted
in
a
survey
that
states
a
 staggering
88%
of
women
say
that
their
hair
is
related
to
their
self-con dence.
Your
hair
is
important
to
your
overall
 health
and
well-being
because
it
is
one
of
the
 rst
aspects
that
others
may
notice
about
you.
How
healthy
and
vibrant
 your
hair
is
can
tell
someone
what
type
of
person
you
are,
and
how
you
feel
about
yourself.
Healthy
hair
is
a
sign
of
 con dence
and
allows
others
to
view
you
in
a
positive
light.

BOOSTS
SELF CONFIDENCE

Self-con dence
is
important
to
everyone,
and
the
condition
of
our
hair
has
a
signi cant
impact
on
how
we
view
 ourselves.
Booking
an
appointment
with
reputable
salons
can
revive
your
self-con dence
and
allow
you
to
be
healthy
 and
happy
with
your
appearance.
Hairstylists
at
salons
know
how
to
cut
and
style
any
type
of
hair,
and
have
the
ability
 to
help
you
look
your
best.Getting
your
hair
done
by
quality
salons
and
stylists
allows
you
to
have
con dence
on
every
 occasion,
whether
it
be
a
get
together
with
friends
or
a
job
interview.
Con dence
is
key
to
success,
and
your
haircut
 contributes
to
your
con dence
signi cantly.

PROMOTES
HEALTHY
HAIR

Healthy
hair
is
critical
to
the
health
and
well-being
of
the
condition
of
your
hair,
as
hair
that
is
not
maintained
can
have
 split
ends,
frizzy,
and
be
extremely
dry,
which
is
neither
healthy
physically,
nor
good
for
your
self-con dence.
A
hair
 salon
will
give
you
the
correct
treatments
to
maintain
your
hair
so
it
remains
in
a
healthy,
vibrant
state,
and
allows
you
 to
have
all
the
con dence
that
comes
with
healthy
hair.Furthermore,
even
a er
leaving
a
salon,
the
stylist
will
ensure
 you
have
the
right
shampoo
and
conditioner
to
maintain
healthy
and
vibrant
hair
until
your
next
salon
visit.

PREVENTS
PREMATURE
HAIR
LOSS

Maintaining
your
hair
contains
a
plethora
of
bene ts
that
promote
both
healthy
hygiene
and
self-esteem.
However,
 maintaining
your
hair
can
also
provide
longevity,
as
proper
maintenance
can
reduce
the
chance
of
premature
hair
loss.


WHY
HEALTHY
HAIR
IS
IMPORTANT
TO
YOUR
OVERALL
WELL BEING

A
REFLECTION
ON
YOUR
OVERALL
HEALTH

Believe
it
or
not,
the
condition
of
your
hair
can
be
one
of
the
most
important
signs
of
your
overall
health.
Vibrant,
 healthy
hair
means
that
your
body
is
producing
enough
vitamins
and
nutrients
that
ensure
the
body
is
operating
at
its
 peak
condition.
Unhealthy,
dry
and
frizzy
hair
may
be
a
sign
that
you
may
need
to
change
your
diet
or
hair
care
 routine
in
order
to
promote
your
overall
health
and
well-being.Healthy
hair
is
critical
to
both
your
physical
and
 mental
well-being
and
should
be
taken
seriously.
With
the
proper
maintenance
and
care,
it
is
possible
to
have
healthy,
 vibrant
hair
at
all
times.
Furthermore,
your
overall
con dence
will
be
signi cantly
improved
and
allows
you
to
live
a
 more
ful lling
life.

WHY
YOU
SHOULD
ONLY
 GET
YOUR
HAIR
DONE
AT
HAIR
SALONS Beauty
is
in
the
eye
of
the
beholder, 
is
what
the
old
adage
says.
But
if
you
ask
hairstylists
at
your
local
hair
salon,
 they
might
respectfully
disagree.
If
you
love
your
hair
and
consider
it
part
of
your
personal
style,
then
you
might
want
 an
objectively
good
haircut
that
looks
good
on
your
body
type
and
pro le.
 is
is
where
hair
salons
turn
opinions
on
 beauty
into
expert
styles
with
results.

While
you
might
not
think
of
it
as
a
place
to
cherish,
local
hair
salons
have
more
going
for
them
than
meets
the
eye.
 From
experienced
stylists
to
a
wide
selection
of
care
products
at
an
a ordable
price,
there
are
lots
of
reasons
why
you
 should
visit
hair
salons
instead
of
brand-name
hair
cutters.
Take
a
look
at
some
of
them
below
and
see
if
you
agree.

THEIR
EXPERIENCE
IS
UNMATCHED

While
you
might
think
that
some
large
corporation
is
better
at
picking
hair-cutting
talent,
youd
be
wrong.
Local
salons
 tend
to
attract
the
best
and
the
brightest
from
around
your
local
area
because
they
allow
them
more
control
over
who
 their
customers
are
and
how
much
they
can
charge
for
hair
styling.
Because
it
can
be
di cult
to
get
a
premium
chair
in
 a
local
salon,
you ll
tend
to
only
have
premium
stylists
to
choose
from
when
you
enter
your
local
salon
to
get
your
hair
 cut.
Most
are
not
only
experienced
with
mens
or
womens
hair,
but
can
also
do
a
wide
variety
of
cuts
for
both.
Rest
 assured
that
at
local
hair
salons,
the
experience
is
o en
unmatched.

GET
NEW
LOOKS
SUGGESTED

O en,
we
can t
imagine
what
wed
look
like
with
a
new
style
or
haircut
because
we re
so
used
to
what
we
see
on
a
dayto-day
basis.
Since
your
stylist
always
wants
the
best
for
your
hair,
they
are
the
ones
to
suggest
a
new
look
that
might
 even
surprise
you.
 ey
deal
with
a
variety
of
clients
on
a
day-to-day
basis
that
might
also
be
perplexed,
so
they ve
 gotten
used
to
looking
at
peoples
pro les
and
being
able
to
determine
what
would
look
best
on
them
at
any
one
time.
 With
just
a
simple
request
of
asking
what
theyd
recommend,
you
could
be
on
your
way
toward
a
whole
new
you


WHY
YOU
SHOULD
ONLY
GET
YOUR
HAIR
DONE
AT
HAIR
SALONS

THEY
KNOW
HOW
MUCH
YOUR
HAIR
MATTERS

88%
of
women
say
their
hair
has
a
direct
e ect
on
their
con dence,
and
the
stylists
that
work
at
hair
salons
are
only
too
 aware
of
this.
Whether
you re
a
man
or
woman,
they
know
that
the
way
your
hair
is
cut
can
have
a
direct
e ect
on
how
 you
feel
about
yourself
and
move
through
life.
From
listening
to
how
youd
like
your
hair
cut
to
taking
tips
from
 pictures
or
other
photo
inspirations,
stylists
at
local
salons
are
only
too
aware
of
how
much
a
hair
cut
can
improve
selfcon dence
and
drastically
boost
someones
mood
for
the
better.
 is
translates
into
care
and
cra smanship
when
they
 interact
with
your
hair,
leading
to
a
better
quality
experience.

PRODUCTS
AND
ACCESSORIES
ARE
RIGHT
THERE

Another
way
that
local
hair
salons
make
revenue
is
by
the
sale
of
products
and
accessories
that
they
believe
in
and
have
 experience
with.
When
you
get
a
great
haircut
from
a
stylist
that
you
trust,
you
might
wonder
what
they ve
done
to
get
 a
part
to
look
just
so
or
stay
put
without
moving.
You ll
almost
always
be
in
luck,
and
what
seems
like
magic
is
 probably
available
near
checkout
for
a
reasonable
price.
You ll
avoid
shipping
costs
and
delays
by
buying
it
right
there,
 while
also
supporting
your
favorite
salon.
It s
a
win-win
for
everyone
involved

GO
LOCAL,
GET
GREAT
RESULTS

When
you
go
with
local
hair
salons
instead
of
the
big
brand
name
cutters,
you re
going
to
get
quality
results
at
an
 a ordable
price.
From
more
experienced
stylists
to
a
friendly
atmosphere
and
availability
of
products
and
accessories,
 going
local
is
almost
always
a
better
option
when
it
comes
to
hair.
If
you re
in
the
Knoxville,
TN
area
and
looking
for
 an
amazing
haircut,
why
not
try
Grow
Knoxville 
Your
hair
and
your
wallet
will
almost
certainly
thank
you



32


33


63



36

33


37


By
Hope
O’Rukevbe
Eghagha

I

have
often
wondered
why
sometimes
people
 who
 had
 danced
 into
 a
 marriage
 with
 love,
 happiness,
 optimism
 and
 hope
 all
 too
 soon
 turn
into
bitter
enemies,
ready
to
maim,
defame,
 or
abuse,
or
kill
and
go
their
different
ways.
For
 some,
after
ten,
twenty
or
thirty
years
of
marriage
 they
turn
on
each
other
and
fight
a
bitter
divorce
 in
court,
calling
each
other
names,
and
throwing
 caution
to
the
wind.
In
one
deadly
case,
one
of
the
 former
sweet
lovers
sent
assassins
after
the
other
 party.
 Why
 does
 intense
 love
 turn
 into
 deep
 bitterness
 in
 some
 marriages?
 When
 bitterness
 creeps
into
a
union,
some
throw
away
all
forms
of
 decencies,
ignore
the
fate
of
their
kids,
and
carry
 on
as
if
the
world
would
be
better
off
without
the
 presence
 of
 the
 other.
 Why
 does
 this
 happen
 between
persons
who
had
been
in
courtship
for
 many
years?

The
 first
 time
 I
 witnessed
 a
 marriage
 of
 close
 persons
go
sour,
bitterly
sour
was
around
1985.
It
 was
our
post­graduation
years.
We
all
had
kept
 tab
on
one
another
on
most
issues
–
job,
marriage,
 family,
who
was
where
and
who
was
what.
We
 knew
 who
 was
 dating
 who,
 who
 took
 someone
 seriously
and
who
we
would
never
recommend
to
 an
 enemy
 for
 a
 deep,
 long
 lasting
 relationship.
 Yes,
later
we
all
drifted
apart
into
different
fields,
 lives,
 climes,
 and
 endeavours.
 And
 some
 died
 early
 too.
 Everyone
 with
 his
 own
 fate,
 his
 obligations,
and
his
destiny.
 
Some
rose
sharply,
 got
to
the
top
and
made
it
big
while
we
were
yet
 struggling.
A
few
burnt
out
early.
They
had
risen
 too
fast
perhaps.
‘This
world
no
balance’,
one
of
us
 summed
it
up.

Fast
forward,
we
all
became
reunited
in
the
era
of

social
media.
But
in
the
old
days,
we
managed
to
 meet.
Dapo
showed
up
one
day
and
told
me
he
was
 getting
 married
 to
 one
 Chinyere
 Hauwa
 Okafor.
 Chinyere
Hauwa
Okafor?
Hmmm!
I
said,
‘Just
like
 that?
‘Just
like
that
how’?
he
asked.
‘So
fast’?
‘What
 a
combination
of
names
getting
married
to
a
Dapo?
 ‘Marriage
of
unity.
Igbo
father
and
Hausa
mother!
 ‘Great.
 But
 we
 don’t
 know
 the
 lady
 involved.’
 ‘That’s
 precisely
 the
 point.
 It’s
 an
 adventure.
 A
 journey
of
discovery.
You
don’t
have
to
know
her.
 I’ve
 known
 her
 long
 enough
 to
 marry
 her.
 Five
 years
 is
 no
 joke!
 ‘Five
 years?
 How?
 When?
 ‘My
 secret,
boy,
my
secret’,
he
replied
confidently.

So,
I
was
shocked
beyond
words
when
after
three
 years,
he
said
it
was
all
over.
The
drama
of
the
news
 of
the
exit
of
Chinyere
from
his
life
equaled
the
one
 which
had
announced
her
coming.
I
had
come
to
 know
them
after
the
introduction,
months
before
 the
wedding,
while
we
ate
out,
drank,
saw
movies,
 and
attend
social
functions
together.
I
supposed
he
 wanted
 me
 to
 meet
 his
 angel,
 though
 he
 never
 asked
 my
 opinion,
 and
 I
 never
 volunteered
 nor
 asked
 any
 questions,
 and
 we
 lived
 happily
 ever
 after.
Or
so
I
thought!
I
simply
took
her
as
wife­to­ be.
I
guess
he
was
very
comfortable
with
that.
His
 family
 was
 relieved
 that
 their
 notorious
 philanderer
had
decided
to
be
serious
about
life,
by
 taking
a
wife.
It
didn’t
matter
that
they
didn’t
know
 her
or
that
she
was
from
an
ethnic
group
that
some
 of
 them
 thought
 should
 never
 come
 into
 their
 family.
 Any
 wife
 that
 he
 chose
 was
 good.
 They
 accepted
 Chinyere
 and
 treated
 her
 like
 family.
 They
didn’t
want
him
to
change
his
mind
after
a
 few
months.
Before
we
knew
it,
a
big
wedding
was
 held,
and
both
were
expected
to
live
happily
like
 the
prince
and
princess
in
fairy


I

w o n d e r e d 
 w h a t 
 m a d e 
 t h e 
 h i t h e r t o
 inseparable
pair
so
disgusted
with
each
other
 that
they
could
not
sit
down
in
the
same
room
 just
three
years
into
the
marriage.
I
was
witness
to
 their
 courtship
 and
 beautiful
 wedding
 at
 which
 ceremony
my
friend
looked
into
his
wife’s
eyes
all
 the
 time
 that
 everyone
 believed
 that
 he
 was
 indeed
smitten
by
the
bug
of
love.
She
also
was
all
 soft
and
smiling
and
saying
and
doing
all
the
right
 things.
 In
 their
 courtship
 days,
 they
 hardly
 had
 time
for
a
third
person.
He
had
been
a
swinger
on
 the
business
of
women
chasing
and
suddenly
cut
 off
everyone.
What
was
in
this
girl
Chinyere
that
 made
Dapo
a
born­again
lover
boy?
What
charm,
 what
potion
had
she
fed
him
with
that
altered
his
 personality?
 
But
the
marriage
ended.
He
didn’t
 want
to
say
what
really
happened.
I
didn’t
have
 the
 nerve
 to
 probe
 for
 details
 because
 his
 lips
 became
 tight
 any
 time
 the
 topic
 came
 up.
 He
 returned
to
drinking
and
smoking
furiously
as
if
 smoking
 was
 a
 way
 of
 repudiating
 the
 life
 of
 a
 born­again,
 which
 his
 foray
 into
 Pentecostalism
 had
taught
him.
He
simply
said
it
was
too
painful
 to
talk
about
it.
I
had
no
access
to
Chinyere.
Indeed
 she
disappeared
from
our
orbit,
taking
their
only
 child
along
with
her.

It
 was
 later
 we
 found
 out
 that
 they
 were
 two
 different
 personalities.
 While
 Chinyere
 was
 the
 home
 girl
 who
 frowned
 and
 made
 trouble
 with
 his
long
hours
in
his
workplace,
with
new
friends,
 Chinyere
 the
 unemployed
 would
 cry
 into
 the
 night
waiting
for
her
beloved.
How
and
why
did
 Dapo
stop
coming
home
as
he
did
in
the
first
year?
 I
was
not
aware
that
he
had
resumed
hanging
out

late
 because
 I
 hardly
 saw
 him.
 We
 lived
 and
 worked
 at
 different
 ends
 of
 this
 big
 hostile
 and
 dirty
city.
Dapo
would
just
smoke
away
each
time
I
 asked
what
could
be
done.
Once
I
joked
that
I
had
 invited
Chinyere
to
meet
us
and
he
replied
that
the
 moment
she
walked
in
he
would
walk
out!

Marriage
 is
 a
 marathon.
 Not
 a
 sprint.
 The
 ‘for
 better
for
worse’
proclamation
in
the
old
tradition
 recognized
this
fact.
In
that
old
tradition,
parties
or
 stakeholders
in
a
union
respected
most
of
the
rules.
 Families
knew
how
to
intervene
and
restore
order.
 In
the
world
we
live
in,
such
rules
are
no
longer
 respected.
Spouses
now
pick
up
a
gun
or
a
knife
to
 kill
off
a
troublesome
partner.
In
one
case,
a
wife
 cut
off
her
husband’s
genitals
after
stabbing
him
to
 death.
 What
 this
 means
 is
 that
 there
 are
 some
 marriages,
apparently
made
in
heaven
which
must
 end
once
it
gets
to
earth.
When
it
becomes
clear
that
 both
parties
are
or
one
of
the
parties
is
suffering
 unbearably
in
the
union,
something
must
be
done.
 Suffering
 is
 not
 an
 experience
 that
 should
 go
 on
 forever.
 An
 exploitative
 union
 of
 any
 type
 must
 end.
That
is
the
spirit
of
the
brave
new
world,
the
 world
 of
 freedom.
 An
 abusive
 marriage
 gives
 happiness
to
no
one,
not
even
the
abuser.
It
hurts.
A
 husband
and
wife
who
can
no
longer
live
together
 because
 of
 irreconcilable
 differences
 should
 part
 ways
 amicably
 without
 breaking
 heads.
 For
 the
 sake
of
the
children,
for
the
sake
of
their
sanity,
like
 Chinyere
and
Dapo,
separation
should
be
peaceful
 and
without
unnecessary
drama
and
acrimony.
If
 they
decide
to
‘manage’
and
‘patch
up’
things
for
 the
 sake
 of
 the
 world,
 they
 might
 end
 up
 killing
 each
other.



41


7 H

TIPS
TO
PROTECT
 COLOR TREATED
 HAIR
FROM
FADING

air
coloring
is
an
exciting
way
to
transform
your
look.
For
some,
it
is
a
means
of
self-expression,
while
 others
use
it
to
hide
some
grey
spots.
No
matter
why
you
color
your
hair,
nothing
is
as
frustrating
as
 spending
time
and
money
at
the
hair
salon
to
get
the
latest
trending
color
only
for
it
to
fade
a
week
 later.Instyles
nationwide
survey
found
that
an
estimated
70%
of
women
in
the
U.S.
use
hair
coloring
products.
With
 proper
care
of
your
locks
and
a
spark
of
creativity
on
your
side,
you
can
keep
your
hair
color
rich
and
vibrant.
To
help
 you
keep
it
from
fading,
here
are
seven
simple
tips
to
keep
your
color-treated
hair
looking
fabulous.

1

ENSURE
YOUR
HAIR
STYLIST
USES CONDITIONING
HAIR
COLOR

e
products
you
use
to
color
your
hair
will
have
a
major
impact
on
the
 nal
outcome.
Begin
by
having
a
stylist
at
your
 Knoxville
salon
use
professional
hair
colors
with
conditioning
properties.
Quality
products
will
continue
to
condition
 your
hair
even
as
the
weeks
go
by.

2

WAIT
AT
LEAST
TWO
DAYS
BEFORE
 SHAMPOOING

When
you
color
your
hair,
do
not
head
straight
for
the
shower.
Experts
recommend
waiting
for
at
least
48
hours
before
 shampooing,
preferably
longer.
It
allows
the
hair
color
to
settle
in
the
cuticles.
Washing
it
too
soon
a er
your
salon
 appointment
can
rinse
all
the
dye
down
the
drain.


3

AVOID HOT
WATER

Showering
under
hot
water
can
be
relaxing
for
the
body.
However,
it
can
do
a
number
on
your
color-treated
hair.
When
 you
want
to
shampoo,
stick
to
warm
or
colder
water.
Super-hot
water
leeches
out
the
hair
color
much
faster,
leaving
it
dry
 and
dull.

4

USE
COLOR SAFE PRODUCTS

5

SPACE
OUT
YOUR SHAMPOOING

Color-treated
hair
demands
a
little
extra
attention
if
you
wish
for
the
hue
to
last
long.
You
may
have
to
drop
some
of
your
 go-to
products
and
switch
to
color-friendly
options.
Most
over-the-counter
shampoos
and
conditioners
are
sulfate-rich,
 an
ingredient
that
strips
hair
color
out.
Look
for
sulfate-free
and
alcohol-free
products
to
enable
your
hair
to
hold
on
to
its
 new
color.
If
you re
unsure,
consult
your
hairstylist
at
your
salon
about
the
best
products
for
your
color-treated
hair.

To
prevent
your
hair
from
losing
its
vibrant
color,
it
is
advisable
to
shampoo
less
frequently.
Washing
your
hair
less
 frequently
keeps
it
moistened
and
conditioned,
allowing
your
color
to
last
longer.
You
can
shampoo
twice
or
thrice
a
 week.
You
can
use
color-safe
dry
shampoo
during
your
o -days
to
keep
the
locks
looking
fresh.

6

PROTECT
YOUR
HAIR
 FROM
THE
SUN

e
suns
rays
are
notorious
for
fading
hair
color,
no
matter
the
season.
Prolonged
exposures
to
UV
rays
can
cause
hair
 color
breakdown,
leading
to
fading.
If
you
love
the
outdoors,
always
have
a
hat
with
you.
You
can
also
invest
in
hair
color
 products
with
UV
protection.
Check
out
whether
your
salon
has
dyes
with
UV
protectors
to
keep
your
colored
locks
safe.


42




47


48



50


G

WHAT
IS
GRATITUDE? 
 
Tunji
Razak

ratitude
 is
 a
 very
 efficient
 form
 of
 appreciation
 that
shows
how
we
as
humans
really
value
a
favor,
 a
gift
or
an
act
that
has
been
done
unto
us.
The
 forms
of
gratitude
around
the
world
varies
due
to
several
 factors
 though
 as
 the
 world
 is
 an
 amalgamation
 of
 different
characteristics
of
people.
It
is
said
that
gratitude
 turns
what
we
have
into
enough
and
is
the
fairest
blossom
 on
which
springs
from
the
soul.

Perhaps
the
most
famous
instance
of
lack
of
gratitude
in
 history
 is
 found
 in
 the
 Bible
 in
 the
 book
 of
 Luke
where
 Jesus
Christ
heals
10
lepers
of
their
disease
and
in
doing
so
 their
 social
 stigma
 as
 well.
 Pronounced
 clean
 of
 their
 contagious
condition
and
no
longer
social
outcasts,
they
 get
 their
 old
 loves
 back.
 Being
 brought
 back
 from
 near
 death
and
social
banishment,
you
would
think
they
would
 be
overwhelmingly
grateful,
right?
Yet
only
one
returned
to
 express
thanksgiving
for
being
healed.

There
 are
 several
 reasons
 why
 showing
 gratitude
 at
 all
 times
is
a
recipe
for
positive
living.
It
helps
in
appreciating
 the
value
of
something,
help
is
being
less
resentful
towards
 someone
who
has
something
you
do
not
have
and
more
 importantly
makes
people
want
to
do
more
to
help
any
 such
individual.
Gratitude
is
a
selfless
act.
It's
acts
are
done
 unconditionally,
 to
 show
 to
people
 that
 they
 are
 appreciated.
 “A
 gift
 that
 is
 freely
 given”
 is
 one
 way
 to
 understand
what
these
acts
are
like.
It
helps
us
network,
 increase
productivity
and
helps
find
mentors
and
protégés.
 As
 a
 result,
 it
 helps
 in
 achieving
 career
 goals
 as
 well
 as
 making
your
workplace
a
more
friendly
and
enjoyable
place
 to
be.
For
example,
if
someone
is
sad
and
you
write
them
a
 note
 of
 appreciation,
 you
 are
 likely
 not
 asking
 for
 something
 in
 return
 from
 this
 person;
 instead,
 you
 are
 reminding
them
of
their
value,
and
expressing
gratitude
for
 their
existence.
At
the
moment,
you
are
not
waiting
for
a
 “return
note”
from
this
person.

Even
 when
 we
 do
 not
 expect
 a
 return,
 sometimes
 they

happen.
Gratitude
can
be
contagious,
in
a
good
way.
In
the
 previous
example,
maybe
when
you
are
down,
this
person
 will
write
you
a
note
too.

HOW
HAS
IT
DIMINISHED The
world
continues
to
evolve
and
change
as
things
that
 were
termed
as
taboos
and
being
disrespectful
30
to
40
 years
 ago
 are
 now
 seen
 as
 an
 advent
 of
 the
 times.
 For
 instance,
 in
 the
 Yoruba
 ethnic
 tribe
 of
 south
 western
 Nigerian,
 a
 young
 man
 when
 greeting
 an
 older
 person
 is
 expected
to
prostrate
on
the
ground
as
a
sign
of
respect
 while
 a
young
woman
 is
 expected
to
 kneel
with
 her
two
 knees
touching
the
ground.
Nowadays,
the
young
ones
do
 not
follow
this
to
the
letter
anymore
as
the
young
man
just
 bends
his
back
is
an
imitating
way
of
prostrating
while
the
 young
woman
simply
bends
her
knee
a
little.

Even
the
older
ones,
who
are
supposed
to
rally
against
this
 new
wave
of
cultural
erosion
have
accepted
it
as
normal
and
 in
turn
the
level
of
morality
in
the
society
is
now
dwindling
at
 an
alarming
rate.
This
is
because
in
the
process
of
trying
to
 accommodate
the
changes
brought
by
westernization
and
 the
 21st
 century,
 thousands
 of
 years
 of
 culture
 is
 being
 adjusted
and
modified
to
fit
the
narrative.

The
same
can
be
said
of
the
concept
of
gratitude
where
in
 the
 old
 days,
 people
 genuinely
 showed
 gratitude
 openly
 without
the
need
to
feel
embarrassed
or
conform
to
the
 world
as
it
is
now.
You
gave
a
man
food
and
he
showed
his
 gratitude
in
all
ways
possible.
 Nowadays,
you
give
a
man
 food,
 and
 he
 shows
 his
 gratitude
 but
 with
 as
 little
 enthusiasm
as
possible
because
it
doesn’t
conform
to
the
 tenets
of
the
21st
century
Nigeria
that
says
everyone
has
to
 be
 macho.
 People
 who
 are
 ungrateful
 tend
 to
 be
 characterized
 by
 an
 excessive
 sense
 of
 self-importance,
 arrogance,
 vanity,
 and
 an
 unquenchable
 need
 for
 admiration
 and
 approval.
 Narcissists
 reject
 the
 ties
 that
 bind
 people
 to
 relationships
 of
 reciprocity.
 They
 expect
 special
favors
and
feel
no
need
to
pay
back
or
pay
forward.


WHAT
IS
GRATITUDE? 
 
Tunji
Razak

Another
 factor
 that
 has
 decimated
 the
 standing
 of
 gratitude
in
the
society
nowadays
is
the
general
sense
of
 entitlement
 that
 seems
 to
 have
 permeated
 the
 society.
 The
attitude
of
life
“owes
you
something
“or
“people
owe
 me
something
“or
“I
deserve
this”.
In
all
its
manifestations,
a
 preoccupation
 with
 the
 self
 can
 cause
 us
 to
 forget
 our
 benefits
and
our
benefactors
or
to
feel
that
we
are
owed
 things
 from
 other
 and
 therefore
 have
 to
 reason
 to
 feel
 thankful.
 Entitlement
 and
 self-absorption
 are
 massive
 impediments
to
gratitude
and
an
individual
will
certainly
 not
feel
grateful
when
he
or
she
does
what
they
think
they
 have
 coming
 because
 after
 all,
 they
 think
 they
 have
 it
 coming.
 Counting
 blessings
 will
 be
 ineffective
 because
 grievances
will
always
outnumber
gifts.

CULTURE
AND
ITS
EFFECT
ON
GRATITUDE There
are
more
than
200
ethnic
tribes
in
Nigeria
and
each
 of
 them
 have
 certain
 unique
 characteristics
 that
 make
 them
what
they
are.
It
is
known
that
the
Igbo
people
are
 industrious,
 hardworking
 and
 explorative
 in
 nature.
 The
 Hausa
people
are
known
to
be
very
close
knit
and
patriotic
 towards
themselves
while
the
Yoruba
people
are
usually
 welcoming.
The
way
gratitude
is
expressed
in
these
various
 ethnic
tribes
is
very
much
different
from
one
another.
Take
 for
instance,
a
woman
from
the
Urhobo
tribe
in
Delta
state
 whose
husband
decides
to
buy
her
a
car
she
has
always
 wanted.
The
most
she
can
say
to
show
gratitude
to
her
 husband
is
the
word
“DOH”
which
translates
as
thank
you.
 Using
the
same
scenario
with
a
Yoruba
man
who
buys
his
 wife
that
car
that
she
had
always
wanted,
she
can
express
 her
 gratitude
 by
 using
 the
 following
 “ESE”
 “ADUPE”
 “OLORUN
O
SEUN
“etc.
to
show
how
grateful
she
is.
These
 words
simply
means
thank
you.

Limited
vocabulary
plays
a
role
in
how
gratitude
is
shown
 because
the
concept
of
showing
gratitude
itself
involves
a
 lot
of
effusive
praise
and
not
just
by
action
alone.
Some
 languages
simply
put
are
very
lavish
in
condemnation
and
 very
poor
in
showing
gratitude
regardless
of
how
grateful
a
 person
might
be.
One
study
of
the
cross
cultural
impact
of
 gratitude
 found
 that
 for
 people
 from
 more
 collectivistic
 societies,
gratitude
practices
 may
 simultaneously
 induce
 feelings
 of
 indebtedness
 and
 guilt.
 Humility
 is
 a
 very
 important
tenet
in
the
grand
scheme
of
gratitude
and
is
 very
 much
 profoundly
 counter
 cultural.
 It
 doesn’t
 come
 easily
 or
 b=naturally,
 particularly
 in
 a
 culture
 that
values
 and
promotes
self-aggrandizement THE
TRUEST
APPROACH
TO
LIFE

Gratitude
 is
 often
 prescribed
 as
 the
 remedy
 for
 the
 exaggerated
 deservingness
 that
 marks
 narcissistic
 entitlement.
It
is
born
of
humility
and
it
acknowledges
the
 giftedness
 of
 the
 creation
 and
 the
 benevolence
 of
 the
 creator.
 This
 recognition
 gives
 birth
 to
 acts
 marked
 by
 attention
and
responsibility.
Ingratitude
on
the
other
hand,
 is
marked
by
hubris,
which
denies
the
gift,
and
this
always
 leads
to
inattention,
irresponsibility
and
abuse.

In
 gratitude
 and
 humility,
 we
 turn
 to
 realities
 outside
 ourselves,
we
become
aware
of
our
limitations
and
our
need
 to
rely
on
others.
In
gratitude,
we
acknowledge
the
myth
of
 self-sufficiency
 and
 look
 upward
 and
 outward
 to
 the
 sources
 that
 sustain
 us.
 Becoming
 aware
 of
 the
 realities
 greater
than
ourselves
shields
us
from
the
illusion
of
being
 self-made,
 being
 here
 on
 this
 planet
 by
 right-
 expecting
 everything
 and
 owing
 nothing.
 The
 humble
 person
 says
 that
life
s
gift
to
be
grateful
for,
not
a
right
to
be
claimed.
 Humility
ushers
in
a
grateful
response
to
life.

Humility
is
a
key
to
gratitude
because
living
humbly
is
truest
 approach
to
life.
Humble
people
are
grounded
in
the
truth
 that
they
need
others
.We
all
do.
We
are
not
all
self-sufficient
 as
 we
 did
 not
 create
 ourselves.
 We
 depend
 on
 parents,
 friends,
 our
 pets,
 God,
 the
 universe
 and
 yes,
 even
 the
 government
 to
 provide
 what
 we
 cannot
 provide
 for
 ourselves.

RELIGIOUS
 AND
 SPIRITUAL
 PERSPECTIVES
 ON
 GRATITUDE Unsurprisingly,
 religious
 and
 spiritual
 movements
 have
 explored
gratitude
too.
Theravada
Buddhism,
Christianity,
 Islam,
 and
 Judaism
 are
 some
 of
 the
 main
 religions
 with
 writings
 on
 this.
 Historically,
 many
 religions
 referred
 to
 gratitude
 strictly
 regarding
 the
 need
 to
be
 thankful
 for
 a
 higher
 power.
 More
 so,
 Christianity,
 Islam,
 and
 Judaism
 stressed
gratitude
as
an
integral
step
on
the
path
to
a
good
 life.
 For
 example,
 in
 Judaism,
 followers
 of
 Yahweh
 are
 encouraged
to
start
every
day
by
being
grateful
for
waking
 up
again.
Some
psychologists
believe
that
Christianity,
as
 another
 example,
 incorporates
a
 “gratitude
 to
 God”
 that
 binds
many
Christians
together.

For
Islam,
the
purpose
of
the
five
daily
prayers
is
not
to
ask
 Allah
for
anything,
but
instead,
to
show
gratitude
towards
 Allah.
These
three
religions
offer
a
unique
role
of
gratitude,
 and
 overall,
 one
 of
 thanks
 for
 this
 existence
 and
 who
 created
 it.
 In
 the
 older
 writings
 of
 Therav da
 Buddhism,
 gratitude
 connects
 practitioners
 to
 their
 pasts.
 Today,
 gratitude
and
the
concept
of
karma
is
a
driving
force
behind


WHAT
IS
GRATITUDE? 
 
Tunji
Razak

philanthropic
Buddhism
in
China.
Like
Christianity,
Islam,
 and
Judaism,
 gratitude
 plays
 a
 unique
 role
 in
 Buddhism
 historically
and
presently.

Several
 recent
 studies
 explore
 the
 relationship
 between
 religious
gratitude
(such
as
gratitude
to
a
higher
power)
 and
well-being.
This
is
a
burgeoning
area
of
research
in
the
 field
of
positive
psychology..

MODERN
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
 PERSPECTIVES
 ON
 GRATITUDE More
recently,
positive
psychology
has
expanded
research
 on
the
importance
of
gratitude,
largely
led
by
researcher
 Robert
Emmons.
Emmons
has
authored
several
papers
on
 the
 psychology
 of
 gratitude,
 showing
 that
 being
 more
 grateful
can
lead
to
increased
levels
of
well-being.
Some
of
 Emmons’s
work
has
also
dealt
specifically
with
gratitude
in
 a
 religious
 setting,
 highlighting
 how
 feeling
 grateful
 towards
 a
 higher
 power
 may
 lead
 to
 increased
 physical
 health.
 Psychologically,
Gratitude
helps
in
projecting
an
enhanced
 well-being.
 Expressing
 your
 thanks
 can
 improve
 your
 overall
 sense
 of
 well-being.
 Grateful
 people
 are
 more
 agreeable,
 more
 open,
 and
 less
 neurotic
 .Furthermore,
 gratitude
is
related
inversely
to
depression,
and
positively
 to
 life
 satisfaction.
 This
 is
 not
 to
 say
 that
 “depressed
 people”
should
simply
be
more
grateful,
as
depression
is
a
 very
 complicated
 disease
 and
 struggle
 for
 millions
 of
 people.
Instead,
perhaps
gratitude
practices
need
to
be
a
 part
of
the
therapy
and
treatment
for
people
who
struggle
 with
 depression.
 Then
 there
 is
 the
 building
 of
 deeper
 relationships.

Gratitude
 is
 also
 a
 powerful
 tool
 for
 strengthening
 interpersonal
 relationships.
 People
 who
 express
 their
 gratitude
for
each
other
tend
to
be
more
willing
to
forgive
 others
and
less
narcissistic.
Giving
thanks
to
those
who
 have
 helped
 you
 strengthens
 your
 relationships
 and
 promotes
relationship
formation
and
maintenance,
as
well
 as
relationship
connection
and
satisfaction.

Gratitude
also
 leads
 to
 increased
 happiness
 and
 improved
 optimism.
 People
who
focused
on
gratitude
showed
more
optimism
 in
many
areas
of
their
lives,
including
health
and
exercise.

When
 people
 are
 optimistic
 about
 their
 well-being
 and
 health,
they
may
be
more
likely
to
act
in
ways
that
support
a
 healthy
 lifestyle.
 In
 the
 pursuit
 of
 happiness
 and
 life
 satisfaction,
 gratitude
 offers
 a
 long-lasting
 effect
 in
 a
 positive-feedback
loop
of
sorts.
Thus,
the
more
gratitude
 we
experience
and
express,
the
more
situations
and
people
 we
may
find
to
express
gratitude
towards.

Furthermore,
 gratitude
 leads
 to
 stronger
 self-control
 as
 showing
 emotions
 that
 entails
 gratitude
 can
 foster
 selfcontrol
and
help
discover
a
way
to
reduce
impatience.
Being
 thankful
 can
 provide
 us
 the
 resolve
 we
 need
 to
 make
 choices
in
our
lives
that
serve
us,
emotionally
and
physically,
 in
 the
 long-run.There
 are
 so
 many
 applications
 to
 using
 gratitude
 as
 a
 path
 towards
 healthier
 humans
 and
 communities.

IN

CONCLUSION Gratitude
is
a
trait
that
is
exhibited
in
all
parts
of
the
world.
 However,
 the
 way
 it
 is
 shown
 vary
 from
 geography
 to
 geography
due
to
the
difference
in
culture,
language
and
so
 on.
 The
 environment
 also
 plays
 a
 major
 part
 in
 how
 gratitude
is
seen
and
exhibited.
In
societies
where
there
is
 an
 emphasis
 on
 individuality
 and
 self-aggrandizement,
 gratitude
 or
 showing
 any
 of
 its
 characteristics
 is
 seen
 as
 being
weak
and
sometimes
embarrassing.
In
other
societies,
 the
 reverse
 is
 the
 case.
 That
 said,
 our
 ability
 to
 show
 gratitude
to
people
who
have
done
us
good
deeds
or
to
 show
our
appreciation
to
an
omnipresent
being
is
majorly
 influenced
by
the
kind
of
environment
that
we
come
from
 and
the
kind
of
culture
that
has
been
inculcated
into
our
 fabric.
Reigning
in
entitlement
and
embracing
gratitude
and
 humility
 is
 spiritually
 and
 psychologically
 liberating
 as
 gratitude
is
the
recognition
that
life
owes
us
nothing
and
all
 the
good
that
we
have
derived
from
it
is
nothing
but
a
gift.
 Recognizing
that
everything
good
in
life
is
ultimately
a
gift
is
 a
 fundamental
 truth
 of
 reality
 and
 humility
 makes
 that
 recognition
possible.
The
humble
person
says
“How
can
I
 not
be
filled
with
over
flowing
gratitude
for
all
the
good
in
my
 life
 that
 I
 have
 basically
 done
 nothing
 to
 merit?”The
 realization
that
 all
 gift
 is
 freeing
 and
 freedom
 is
the
very
 foundation
 upon
 which
 gratitude
 is
 based.
True
 gifts
 are
 freely
given
and
require
no
response



51


Contentment

I
am
content
with
what
I
have,
little
be
it,
or
much
-
JohnBunyan

Here
is
one
important
subject
or
Topic
that
ought
to
be
taught
to
 our
people
at
an
early
age.

Sadly,
such
is
hardly
the
case.
 Growing
up,
we
were
exposed
to
an
important
verse
which
reads
thus:
 Be
contented
with
what
you
have,
little
be
it
or
much” THE
 PSYCHOLOGY
 OF
 CONTENTMENT
 THROUGH
an
AFRICAN
LENS

Many
people
lose
the
small
joys
in
the
hope
or
illusion
for
 the
bigger
happiness.

Just
2
hours
after
the
death
of 
Gnassingbe
Eyadema
in
 2005,
the
late
President
of 
Togo,
who
ruled
his
country
 for
more
than
three
decades,
the
Togolese
army
placed
 his
son,
Faure
Gnassingbe,
in
power.
The
38
year
old,
 who
was
then
the
minister
of 
Equipment,
mines,
posts
 and
 telecommunications
 took
 the
 reins,
 
 thanks
 to
 an
 eleventh
 hour
 amendment
 to
 Togo’s
 constitution-
 
 a
 move,
 
 the
 African
 Union
 and
 many
 western
 powers
 denounced
 as
 an
 effective
 coup
 d’etat.
 This
 type
 of 
 defector
 hereditary
 democracy
 is
 not
 uncommon
 in
 Africa
and
has
seen
a
lot
of 
unprepared
people
take
over
 the
 mantle
 of 
 running
 a
 country
 despite
 being
 ill
 equipped
and
all
in
the
name
of 
their
father
being
the
 incumbent. Just
like
in
Togo,
it
has
happened
in
Gabon
 and
 Chad,
 
 just
 to
 name
 a
 few;
 and
 can
 be
 seen
 as
 a
 highlight
of 
how
Africans
are
seen
in
the
general
world.
 The
 lack
 of 
 Contentment
is
 clear,
 as
 leaders,
 who
 are
 supposed
to
exhibit
the
trait
more,
are
seen
to
be
greedy,
 corrupt
 and
 despotic.
 More
 than
 80%
 of 
 African
 countries
live
below
the
poverty
line.
Factors
such
as
lack
 of 
access
to
basic
health
care,
lack
of 
employment
and
 the
general
need
to
first
struggle,
before
surviving,
has
 made
 Africans
 develop
 a
 different
 
 definition
 of 
 psychology. For
example,
let’s
compare
what
Contentment
means
to
 a
youth
from
Africa
and
let’s
say
a
youth
from
Europe.
 The
 average
 youth
 from,
 let’s
 say,
 Nigeria,
 defines

Contentment
 as
 having
 a
 very
 large
 bank
 account
 and
 enough
money
to
cater
for
the
basic
needs
of 
himself 
and
 his
 family
 members.
 There
 is
 less
 emphasis
 on
 being
 educated,
as
the
school
is
seen
as
being
"a
scam".

It
speaks
 volume
that
making
money
illegally
now
in
Nigeria
is
seen
 as
the
rule
rather
than
the
exception.

Contentment
 through
 the
 African
 lens
 is
 basically
 the
 pursuit
of 
money,
and
more
money.
This
is
reflected
in
 every
 aspect
 of 
 the
 Nigerian
 society
 from
 politics,
 to
 religion
 to
 morals
 and
 even
 to
 the
 social
 affiliations
 we
 make
with
our
fellow
individuals.
 
Africa
has
the
highest
 amount
of 
despots,
their
tendency
to
cling
on
to
power,
no
 matter
 how
 unreasonable
 and
 weak,
 has
 held
 back
 the
 continent
 from
 being
 developed.
 The
 scourge
 of 
 corruption
has
permeated
the
society
to
the
extent
that
 being
corrupt
is
seen
as
being
a
required
modus
operandi
 for
any
persons
holding
government
posts
and
trying
to
 deviate
from
it
will
see
the
individual
ridiculed,
or
worse.
 Furthermore,
African
pastors
are
known
to
be
one
of 
the
 richest
in
the
world
what
with
their
arsenals
of 
private
jets
 and
untaxable
funds.

This
 has
 not
 always
 been
 so,
 and
 when
 investigated
 critically,
 the
 decadence
 of 
 the
 morals
 of 
 the
 average
 African
can
be
said
to
have
correlated
with
the
advent
of 
 the
adaptation
of 
the
western
culture
over
that
of 
Africa.
 The
old
days
were
times
of 
trust
and
simplicity
with
the
 individual
content
with
the
things
he
had
without
being
 necessarily
subjected
to
the
“end
justifies
the
means”
tenet
 at
all
cost.
People
valued
integrity,
and
responsibility
was
 valued.


Africa
is

a
deeply
religious
continent
and
can
be
liked
to
Europe
in
the
middle
ages,
where
religion
governed
the
entire
 lives
of 
its
inhabitants.
And
just
like
the
Church
took
advantage
of 
the
situation
to
perpetrate
some
vile
and
unthinkable
 acts
all
the
name
of 
religion,
it
has
also
seen
most
African
religious
leaders
enrich
themselves
all
in
name
of 
claiming
to
 be
vessels
onto
which
the
church
goer
can
receive
blessings
from
the
almighty.
This
is
not
to
say
that
that
there
aren’t
 positive
 actions
 that
 haven’t
 been
 embarked
 upon
 by
 religious
 bodies
 but
 the
 truth
 remains
 that
 religion
 and
 development
do
not
go
hand
in
hand.
This
is
seen
in
the
top
10
most
developed
countries
in
the
world.
What
is
very
 much
striking
in
this
list
is
that
in
all
these
countries,
religion
largely
plays
little
or
no
role
at
all
in
the
lives
or
the
affairs
of 
 the
people.
This
is
not
to
take
anything
away
from
what
religion
has
done
for
the
psyche
of 
the
average
African;
what
 with
the
way
the
economy
and
the
general
way
of 
governing
is
run
so
badly.
Religion
plays
a
vital
role
in
enforcing
 cheerfulness
as
Africans
ranked
religion
as
very
important
in
their
lives.
Despite
hardships,
believer’s
talk
about
the
 concept
of 
“Joy”
which
entails
that
you
can
be
joyful
and
contented
even
if 
you
are
not
happy.
The
idea
that
the
future
 will
be
better
despite
the
current
hurdles
has
become
less
common
in
Europe
and
certainly
in
most
developed
countries.

However,
it
should
be
noted
while
contentment
isn’t
a
virtue
of 
most
rich
Africans
who
have
a
tendency
to
overstay
or
 over
do
their
process
of 
success,
Africans
generally,
especially
poor
Africans
are
upbeat
people.
African
optimism
is
born
 out
of 
resilience
too
what
with
many
developing
emotional
elasticity
to
deal
with
life
vicissitudes.
This
viewpoint
is
 captured
by
the
word
of 
the
former
president
of 
the
African
Development
bank,
Donald
Kaberuka,
who
said,
“It’s
not
 my
job
to
debate
whether
the
glass
is
half 
empty
or
half 
full-
,
figuring
out
how
to
fill
the
glass,
that’s
my
task”.
This
 humanistic
approach
follows
Abraham
Maslow’s
hierarchy
of 
needs
which
states
that
those
who
have
had
their
basic
 physiological
and
safety
needs
covered
are
the
ones
“actively
pursuing”
happiness.
Those
down
the
ladder
are
oblivious
 to
these
higher
needs
like
self-esteem
and
being
in
s
state
of 
happiness.

That
said,
the
pursuit
of 
wealth
and
it
attainment
is
proportional
to
contentment
as
the
average
African
sees
having
 money
as
the
“be
all
and
end
all”
of 
his
or
her
existence.
The
lack
of 
money
will
lead
to
unhappiness
and
the
strive
for
it
is
 always
 the
 goal.
 It
 is
 reflected
 in
 the
 society
 where
 the
 religious
 bodies
 emphasizes
 Sowing
 seed
 to
 breakthrough
 financially,
musicians
make
reference
to
money
is
almost
all
their
tracks
and
politicians
try
to
outdo
each
other
in
how
 much
money
they
can
cart
away
with
before
they
become
irrelevant
.

Contentment
through
an
African
lens,
sadly,
revolves
with
the
stratosphere
of 
the
level
of 
finances.
The
richer
you
are,
 the
more
contented
you
become
is
what
can
be
defined
as
contentment
when
explaining
it
though
the
mouthpiece
of 
 being
African.
The
decision
not
to
actively
pursue
wealth,
even
when
the
said
individual
appears
happy
and
contented
is
 seen
as
being
weird.
For
Africans,
money
makes
a
man
and
money
ends
a
man
and
the
lack
of 
it
sees
the
man
become
 inconsequential,
and
regarded
as
being
irrelevant.




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