Segara Ninda Residence architectural conservation report

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION (ARC 60703) PROJECT 2 PROPOSAL FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE SEGARA NINDA RESIDENCE, JALAN PENANG, GEORGETOWN.

Ow Xun Cong | 0321997 Lim Zhi Kang | 0330914 Chevally Lo Zhao Shyen | 0326497 Cecilia Tan Zi Wen | 0327759 Yong Zhi Kang | 0327791 Allaa Abdelraouf | 0332059 Tutor: Mr. Azim Sulaiman

Table of Content 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Historical background 1.2 Site context/ genius loci 1.3 Building owner 1.4 Architectural background 1.5 Photobook

2.0 Dilapidation survey 2.1 Observation and location

3.0 Measured drawings 3.1 Plan 3.2 Elevation 3.3 Section 3.4 Axonometric

4.0 Proposal for adaptive reuse 4.1 Contextual, User response, Concept & Intention 4.2 Content driven idea & proposed programs 4.3 Precedents 4.4 Visuals & Renderings

5.0 References

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Historical background 1.2 Site context/ genius loci 1.3 Building owner 1.4 Architectural background 1.5 Photobook

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Historical background ORIGIN OF NAME As stated in “History of Penang Island in Malaysia” (Wonderful Malaysia, 2017), chinese merchants referred to Penang as Ping Lau Seu in the navigational drawings in the early 15th century. In the Late 15th century, the Portuguese were the first European merchants who found the island and called it Pulo Pinaom. As stated in “Pulau Pinang Background” (City Council of Penang Island, 2017), a sea rover by the name of Ragam called it Pulau Ka-Satu a single island as it was the only large isolated land on the trading sea-route between Lingga and Kedah. Soon, the British came and changed the name to Penang, in Malay is Pulau Pinang. During British colonisation period, the name was changed again to the Prince of Wales Island.

TIMELINE OF HISTORIC EVENTS

14th CENTURY Portugese traders set foot on the island of Penang

1910 Rubber was the most important export product; this enhanced Penang as a commercial trade center

1969 The Malaysian Federal Government revoked Georgetown’s free port status. The state of Georgetown declined

18th CENTURY Penang was then discovered by Chinese merchants

1941 Japanese colonisation began in Penang

1974 KOMTAR was launched, in efforts to give a new lease of life to Georgetown.

1786 Penang was ceded to the British East India Company by the Sultan of Kedah. Sir Francis Light founded Georgetown.

1948 Georgetown’s heritage buildings were under the Rent Control Act, which increased the cost of expenses for tenant owners.

1985 The first Penang bridge was built. It was recorded as the fifth longest bridge in the world (13.5 km)

1800 Province Wellesley (Seberang Perai) was founded and added to Penang

1956 Georgetown became one of the first municipality in the Malayan Federation to have a fully elected local council.

2001 The Rent Control Act was repealed to protect the low income group and small businesses (Goh Ban Lee, 2016).

1826 Penang along with Malacca and Singapore, became part of the Straits Settlements under the British administration in India

1957 Georgetown was accorded city status by Queen Elizabeth II, making it the first city in the Federation of Malaya.

2008 Penang was formally inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site alongside Malacca

1840 Penang evolves into an important trade center after the discovery of tin in the state of Perak

1963 Penang became one of the thirteen states of Malaysia

2019 Penang still being the most attractive city to visit among foreigners and locals by its vivid and interesting lifestyle in cultural, architectural, historical and social development 01

1.0 Introduction

1.2 Site Context SITE ORIENTATION

Research has shown that the Eastern & Oriental Hotel building far away from north side of Segara Ninda residence is 4m high above sea level, the area surrounded by Hotel Continental and Blue Mansion is 21m high above sea level, which is the highest within the area. Meanwhile, our site, Segara Ninda is located at 13m high above sea level.

SITE CONTEXT ALONG JALAN PENANG

Hotel continental

Blue mansion

Penang road is one of the most important street in Penang. It runs from Farquhar Street in the north, to Jalan Gurdwara in the south, near the Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak ( KOMTAR ) tower, at the junction of Macalister Road. Penang Road was one of the first roads to be built outside the original town area planned by Francis Light. For centuries, Penang Road has served as a retail street, especially along the stretch running in front of Chowrasta Market. The market was built in the 1890s.

The Penang Police Headquarters at Penang Road was the scene of executions by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Japanese Occupation period in World War II. A number of hotels also line the Upper Penang Road stretch between Farquhar and Leith Streets. Along Penang Road, visitors can observe a mixture of nouveau-riche historical and heritage sites such as Segara Ninda, St, Xavier Church and Loke Thye Kee.

LEGEND 1. Eastern & Oriental Hotel 2. Slippery Senoritas 3. Monkey Bar 4. Olive Bar 5. Continental Hotel 6. Hotel Malaysia 7. Cititel Hotel 8. Federal Hotel 9. Merchant Hotel 10. Town House 11. Grand Inn 12. Oriental Hotel

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1.0 Introduction

GENIUS LOCI - SEGARA NINDA POSITION IN PENANG ROAD, GEORGETOWN

Segara Ninda Residence used to be the active trading base for Ku Din Ku Meh in 19-century. It was surrounded by small business in shophouses, wide street roads, Cold Storage supermarket and few hotels around the site. The sense of place of Segara Ninda was distinctive because of the great colonial mansion look and also the identity of Tengku Ku Din Ku Meh at that time. The surrouNding context of Segara Ninda was also mainly properties and mansions of the rich and wealthy such as Yeap Chor Ee and Boon Siew. Today, Segara Ninda Residence has lost its essence due to a drastic change in context. Although the descendents of the wealthy still own their property, they no longer reside in these buildings. Instead, commercial businesses arise due to increase in tourism. A few multi-storey buildings with Modern styled architecture such as Continental Hotel, Eastern and Oriental Hotel were built adjacent to Segara Ninda. Many pubs and bars also opened to create a nightlife scene for tourists. This recent development has diminished the essence of Segara Ninda.

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1.0 Introduction

1.3 Building owner BIODATA Tengku Baharuddin Tengku Meh was born in 1824, in Anak Bukit Kedah and died in 1932, in Satun. He was the commander of the Alor Setar prison.

He was was also addressed as Ku Din and Ku Din Ku Meh. In 1900, he was declared the Governor of Satun. Ku Din Ku Meh had 4 wives and 5 kids.

He stayed in a mansion called KuDen’s House in Satun with his family throughout his lifetime (Dr. Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi, Personal Communication, 2018). Our research indicates, Segara Ninda was bought for his official administration usage. In 1910, he also bought a holiday home in Penang, addressed as Udini house located in Jalan Ku Din (Timothy Tye, 2014).

ACHIEVEMENTS In 1900, Tengku Baharuddin Tengku Meh was bestowed as the Raja of Setul. In 1902, He received the title, “The Devoted King” by the Siamese central government for his efforts in developing Setul. He became the governor of Setul Mambang Segara and introduced development in various fields such as trade and commerce, education and agriculture. Even today, the Thai National Archive in Bangkok has his writings and administration works preserved.

BIRTH PLACE OF THE SULTAN Research has shown that Anak Bukit Kedah is known as the royal town of Kedah, Malaysia, as its well known for the Sultan of Kedah’s palace. It’s the birthplace of late Sultan of Kedah and the former Yang Di Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown, 2013). Tengku Baharuddin Tengku Meh was born in Anak Bukit Kedah and later moved to Setul Mambang Segara where he resided for the rest of his lifetime.

Ku Din Ku Meh and the state assembly of setul.

Ku Din Ku Meh and setul mainchair

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1.0 Introduction

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF SEGARA NINDA RESIDENCE

As learnt, Tengku Baharuddin Tengku Meh bought this house for trading purposes and his son, Tengku Zainul Abidin.

Segara Ninda was owned by a Chinese Trader, a relative of Yeap Chor Ee 1900s

Death of Ku Din followed by renting out of Segara Ninda residence 1932

1901 Ku Din Ku Meh Bought the Residence Segara Ninda is at a very strategic location. Being close to Penang port it was a good investment and the perfect location for Tengku Baharuddin to locate his Office. As, trade would be easier, and it would also cut down the cost of transportation.

Tengku Yahya moved into Segara Ninda.

2003

2001 Residence was Renovatedmajor refurbishment, maintenance of walls and wooden partitions.

The house was rented to a chinese tenant who further had sublets.

When Tengku Yahya finally received the custody of the house, it was in a very bad state and needed major renovation.

Declared World Heritage site by UNESCO 2008

2006 Renovation- wooden staircase changed to metal spiral staircase, painting and maintenance work.

Converted to a guest house.

Renovation - Painting, lighting, flooring 2017

2011 Extension of Segara Ninda residence

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1.0 Introduction

5TH OWNER (CURRENT) DAILY ACT IN SEGARA NINDA RESIDENCE Tengku Yahya’s daily routine is to maintain the rooms, entertain and manage the guests. He handles the financial expenditures of Segara Ninda along with Mr. Rahim.

Maintaining Segara Ninda is a family business for him. Hence, he believes he does not need someone new to maintain the residence. According to him, guests are to be treated like friends visiting. He wants the guests to have a relaxed and welcoming atmosphere. (Tengku Yahya Tengku Mahadi, Personal Communication, 2018)

MR. RAHIM’S DAILY ACTIVITIES AROUND SEGARA NINDA Mr. Rahim is an assistant or a helping hand to Tengku Yahya, who helps Tengku Yahya

TENGKU YAHYA

in the maintenance of the building and assists him in running the business. (Mr. Rahim, Personal Communication, 2018)

ENCIK RAHIM

CULTURAL TRADITION Preservation of culture is an important aspect in their family. Their family tradition is to host people at the house and bringing others from different cultures to bond together,

Tengku Yahya and Pak Rahim now runs the homestay in Segara Ninda.

without paying for rent or food. Converting Segara ninda into a guest house or homestay is a way to keep the tradition going while generating funds for the maintenance of the residence. According to the family, they have never received funds from other sources or applied for loans to maintain the house. As a result, all expenditure is beared by the trustees, which are the descendants of the family. (Dr. Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi, Personal Communication, 2018)

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1.0 Introduction 1.4 Architectural Background LATE STRAITS ECLECTIC STYLE

Late Straits Eclectic Style is an architectural style commonly seen in vernacular shophouses of George Town. Known as the manifestation of Eastern architectural style meeting Western architectural style hence the term ‘Eclectic’ which means “deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.” (Oxford Dictionaries | English, 2018)

There are two types of Late Straits Eclectic style terrace houses in Georgetown. One is a traditional shophouse, where the ground floor functions as a shop, while the first floor utilized as space for residency. The other is a townhouse, where both floors form a single residential block. The basic feature of all Straits Eclectic terrace houses are double storeys or more, however it differs from the norm rarely with single storeys.

The intensity of ornamentation, for Straits Eclectic style, depends on the era. They existed in two eras which are the Early Straits Eclectic or the Late Straits Eclectic. The early embellishment is known to be more sparse, while the latter tends to be more decorated. Today, many of the Late Straits Eclectic Style shophouses and townhouses are restored and well-preserved in George Town which acts as a will of the period for Penang’s history when the city was wealthy and prosperous. Its wealth can be seen through the lavish adornment, pilasters, spandrels and any canvas of space which can be ornamented with stucco decorations (Tye, 2018)

ARCHITECTURAL TIMELINE

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1.0 Introduction

CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE STRAITS ECLECTIC STYLE This style can be easily identified by having the trait of the first floor windows. From the front facade, there would usually present a three arched openings or two. Through these openings portrays full-length windows which incorporate a pair of full-length shutters. These type of windows do not open to balcony areas. They consists of jalousies which is the most open part of the window, while others come in full length.

This windows usually have wooden railing or balusters which too are adorn by carvings.

Adornments

The roof both uses Terracotta roof tiles and apply floors of geometric patterns cement floor tiles. (Tye, 2018)

Full Length Venetia Window

Decorative Pilasters on Columns 08

1.0 Introduction

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

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3 Brightly coloured cement floor tiles from ground floor and first floor.

Modified Ground Floor Plan, Segara Ninda Residence

Modified First Floor Plan, Segara Ninda Residence 09

1.0 Introduction

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

Segara Ninda Residence roof view, Terracotta u/v shaped roof tiles.

First floor

Terra cotta u/v shaped roof tiles 10

1.0 Introduction

INFLUENCED STYLES OF SEGARA NINDA RESIDENCES COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

Colonial style architecture has been around the early 17th to mid 20th century, where colonists settled in colonised country. Colonial style is a style that the colonist brought their architecture style from their own lands and incorporated into building and construct in the colonised country. During the colonisation, colonists from different parts of nations such as the Great Britain, Portugal and Hollands came here because of the rich in resources of the country have which helps for industrialisation in their mother country. From there they build shelters and settlements for them to rest and work. Major influence of colonial architecture is British style. It can be found in parts of Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Malacca. However, the style was altered to suit with the climate, the environment and some influenced the Malays culture (Malaysia Design Archive, 2005). These style usually look-a-like the classical and gothic design with some oriental forms into it (A.Grafar Ahmad, 1997). Another influenced colonial style is the Dutch which was first started in Malacca, then to Penang. These style can be found in urban architecture such as shophouses and terrace houses.

Colonial Architecture features found in Segara Ninda Residence: 1.

Facade

2.

Columns

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Window

4.

Baluster

1.

Symmetrical balance of front facade

2. Palladian Tuscan Order

3. Fanlight windows with louvred shutters at the bottom on first floor windows

4. Wooden balusters of windows from interior

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1.0 Introduction

PENANG PERANAKAN ARCHITECTURE Peranakan, famously known as Baba-Nyonya is the descendants of Chinese from China who migrated to the Malay archipelago. It began around the Straits of Malacca and it spread to the rest of the Malay Peninsula including Penang. They built many settlements that displays a huge range of architectural styles acquired from both Western and Eastern architectural styles. This style is significantly seen on shophouses and mansions built in between the late 19th century until early 20th century. These mansions are usually built by rich Hokkien Chinese traders from Fujian province (Expat Magazine, 2016). A typical Peranakan house usually consists of a reception hall, second hall, indoor courtyard, ancestral hall, bedrooms and kitchen.

Characteristics of Penang Peranakan Architecture

The Penang Peranakan architecture is a fusion also a fusion of Eastern and Western architectural styles. A typical Peranakan house has a reception hall, a second hall, indoor courtyard, ancestral hall, bedrooms and kitchen (Dr. A. Ghafar Ahmad, 1994). The Peranakan house features an indoor courtyard in the centre to provide natural ventilation and natural sky light as a passive cooling strategy. It also serves as a spatial purpose to enhance spatial experience with natural lighting and views to the inner garden (Ariel, 2016). The Peranakan house are usually grand in scale with decorative building elements and lavish interiors of the bungalows. A blend of classical elements with exquisite Chinese symbolism are also found in Peranakan houses. They have raised structures and high ceilings in the interior. The exterior consists of full-length french windows, plastered brick walls and roofs with short ridges. Floorings in Peranakan houses are placed with decorative ceramic or marble tiles as they symbolise wealth and prosperity of the occupants.

Openings to the porch are arched. The rooms are decorated with lavish ornamentation with highly mixed of ethnic styles and ceramic or clay balusters can be seen around the house. Chandeliers and decorative lighting fixtures are used as well.

Penang Peranakan Architecture in Segara Ninda: 1.

Coloured frosted glass

2.

Ornamented lamps and chandelier

1. Fanlight above first floor windows

2. Ornamented chandelier at main foyer

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1.0 Introduction

SINO-PORTUGUESE ARCHITECTURE During the 16th century, South East Asia was a frequent destination spot for Western traders due to its abundance in raw materials. When the Portuguese traded in Thailand, they built settlements and shelters with their own Portuguese architectural style. The word ‘Sino-’ means of or connected to China (Cambridge English Dictionary, 2018). Thailand’s cultures and traditions are heavily influenced from China, mainly from Fujian Province. As stated in the introduction, Sino-Portuguese architecture came along as the Portuguese built their settlements on Thai soil. It is a mixture of Chinese and Portuguese architecture. Over the years, Sino-Portuguese architecture was spreading south towards Penang. Thus, the characteristics of SinoPortuguese architecture can be seen in Penang’s shophouses and mansions. (Coreia M.,Carlos G. & Rocha S., n.d).

Characteristics of Sino-Portuguese Architecture

Similar to Colonial and Chinese architecture styles, their Neoclassical pilasters contain detailed stucco mouldings on every facade. This feature continues in the interior walls with some Chinese motifs. The doors can be found lacquered made from inlaid wood. Wooden window frames with louvre shutters are also found in the building topped with a fanlight window above (APA Publications Group, 2018). The front porch has features of label stop and cornices like Colonial architecture style. With respect to interior, the floorings are covered with patterned ceramic tiles giving the interior a set of Chinese ambience.

1.

Windows

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Stucco mouldings

3.

Columns

1.

First floor windows

2. Stucco mouldings

3. Columns at front facade

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1.0 Introduction

TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSE Traditional malay house (also known as Malay vernacular architecture) are traditional dwellings from ethnic Malays of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Ghafar Ahmad, n.d). The early Malay house is described as a timber house raised on stilts with post-and-lintel joints and a thatched roof. Traditional malay houses has evolved over the generations to adapt the users’ need, culture, environment, climate and foreign influences. Malay houses are designed to suit local climate requirements by using various ventilation, solar control devices and low-thermal capacity building materials. Its layout is divided to two, the front and back portions which center around the core of the house and kitchen respectively. A porch acts as a transition space between public and private domains (GSSD Academy, n.d).

During the colonisation period of the Portuguese, Dutch and British architecture styles brought in new technology such as zinc and clay tiles for roofs. Brick and cement were introduced for columns and structural supports while glass panels were used for windows.

Characteristics of Sino-Portuguese Architecture

In the early period, most Malay houses are made of natural materials which easily available such as timber, rattan and bamboo. The windows are plentiful and fully openable. The interior space is open with minimal partitions to allow flexible uses of space and ventilation. To enter, there is a flight of steps or stairs at the entrance under the porch. The roof has large eaves overhanging the verandah for effective shading. It is commonly a high pitched roof with a needle-like structure called tunjuk langit on the top. The ceilings are also high with big openings for ventilation spaces with a ventilated roof space integrated into the roof. The windows of may houses are low with fanlights that come in various shapes and sizes to allow light and air flow. Bricks, cement and zinc are used to construct the house because they have high thermal capacity. The interior space is highly crafted with wooden carvings in floral motifs in accordance to the owner’s wealth and status. Besides, they adopt the Islamic principles with the use of geometric motifs and their orientation in their carvings (Ab. Aziz Shuaib,Olalere Folasayo Enoch, 2014).

1. Roof (Tunjuk Langit)

2. Fretwork

3. Entrance (flight of steps at entrance)

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1.0 Introduction

MATERIAL OVERVIEW IN SEGARA NINDA

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1.0 Introduction

1.4 Photobook

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1.0 Introduction

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1.0 Introduction

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2.0 Dilapidation Survey

2.1 Observation and location

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2.0 Dilapidation Survey

2.1 Observation and Location

Pantry area, First floor Segara Ninda

Hardwood floor split - The hardwood floor split can be seen only in one part of the house which was the first floor right after taking the interior staircase. It occurs when you have a very damp crawl space, the moisture can seep through the subfloor. This can cause your floors to take on the moisture and then release it into the room, resulting in hardwood floor splitting. Also, the other cause for wood splitting is that the wood was installed in an improper condition; uncontrolled environment and was not acclimate properly before installation.

Airwell, Ceiling plan Segara Ninda

Ceiling leakage - Roof Leaks Ceiling leakage can be seen located at the ceiling of first floor and ground floor of the semi-public hallway. Ceiling leakage is due to water seepage caused of a leaking pipe or having the old caulk of old pipes. The leakage too encourages toxic mold known as Mildew growth, which can severely compromise health. Roof leaks too can rot the entire structure of the house, including roof decking, insulation and drywall. In worst cases scenario, the water damage can cause roofs or ceilings to collapse. Other than collapsing of roofs, leaky ceilings can lead to insect and rodent infestations.

2.0 Dilapidation survey

Exterior louver windows, Ground floor, Segara Ninda

Timber Decay - The presence of the holes above is only located at exterior wooden windows of the house. The depth of the holes depicts the probability of pest infestations is higher than the possibility of a dry rot of the wooden window. The insects identified for this defect would be termites or wood beetle.

This defect can afflict future troubles of the windows for holes in wood leds in moisture to accumulate, which accelerates rot and tend to invite bigger problems, like a larger number of termites.

Room 101, Tengku Yahya’s door room, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Door damaged, wood rot - This dry rot is located at Tengku Yahya’s bedroom door. Dry rot is actually a fungus that grows in moist dark places. The damage it causes can be quite extensive because it causes wood to become soft and brittle. The cause of it is when a small leak goes undetected for a long time, hence the wood become permanently damp. The fungus then starts to grow and spreads through the wood. This is the reason why It is important to have repairs repair promptly. The only way to fix it is to remove any infected wood.

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2.0 Dilapidation Survey

2.1 Observation and Location

Public main toilet, First floor Segara Ninda

Honeycomb, air pockets - The honeycomb of floor concrete skirting is present at the public balcony bathroom of the first floor.The honeycomb of concrete are usually caused by the creation of air pockets or poorly mixed concrete when it was originally poured. These air pockets creates cavities which water can easily compromise to cause leakage.

Room 105,, First floor Segara Ninda

Pressure through time - This ceiling crack is only present in one of the main bedrooms in ground floor. The bending and cracks presented the stability and strength of the extra ceiling in the room had been degraded and can cause harm to future guests. These cracks and vend is caused due to the weight given by the guests walking up through the stairs throughout the year.

The weight enables the movement of force to happen in the aspect of matter, which then results in an unbalance leveling of surface, which bending or cracks occur.

2.0 Dilapidation survey

Exterior ground floor Segara Ninda

Cracked Concrete Floor - These can be seen at the exterior of the building floors of Segara Ninda.

The cause of cracked concrete floors are usually due to Lack of control joints, rapid drying of the concrete or excess water in the mix during the making of concrete ratio. Concrete does not need a lot of water to reach its maximum strength, greatly amount of water reduces the strength of the concrete.

Room Room 105 and 109, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Ghosting on walls - Ghosting presented on walls can be seen in the bedrooms located at the ground oor of the house. The buildup of ghost marks or dark patches can be caused by any combination of moisture, cold spots, static electricity, air currents, and a supply of dust, soot, and other particulates that can drift with the air. Cold spots on walls and ceilings get damp from condensation, and air-borne dust clings to the dampness.

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2.0 Dilapidation Survey

2.1 Observation and Location

Public main toilet, First floor Segara Ninda

Brown stains on tiles - The red and brown stain presented on tiles are caused of iron rust.

Iron rust usually occurs due to the ceramic tiles possible owns small deposits of iron. Once these deposits are exposed to water, they can rust and leach through the surface causing the yellow/ brown stains. The other, more common cause is for the water to get trapped underneath the tile due to voids or cracks in the grout. In other words, poor installation and workmanship.

Front exterior columns and room 102, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Bubbles paint on wall - The peeling of paint or bubbles can be seen throughout the exterior and interior of the house’s columns. The cause of these are on wall’s surface is due to disability to dry properly if a surface is moist or damp before painting. It is followed with poor wall surface preparation where the painter did not clean up properly the substance located at the surface of the wall. In other case, it could be the paint is painted before or after a rainstorm where it’s more exposed to humidity.

2.0 Dilapidation survey

Front exterior columns and room 109, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Untidy wall paintings - These untidy wall painting are both presented at the exterior and interior of the Segara Ninda Residence. The cause of these untidy wall paints are due to poor workmanship, costs considerations and limit access to certain spaces. It is located in bedrooms, which shows limitations of areas painted as wanting to hid the previous damage (paint chipping or tearing off) caused of the wall.

Room 105, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Detached and cracked floor tiles - Detached & cracked floor tiles can be seen throughout the floors of the house. More intense located around the old bedrooms and hallways. The detachment and cracks of floor tiles occurs due to lack of protection, poor workmanship and over the years of mishandling by users. This can also be due to the expansion of joint and movement carried through the tiles.

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2.0 Dilapidation Survey

2.1 Observation and Location

Toilet, East Exterior, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Corrosion of limestone - The whole residence of Segara Ninda is made by red clay bricks and also certain amount used limestone bricks. Due to the mobility of the house and the nearby sea, the house is exposed to the sea’s moisture hence reacts with the limestone porousness which causes corrodes. The corrosion is caused by the wetting and drying cycle.

East lattice windows and interior window glass, Ground floor Segara Ninda

(Biological droppings) - The presence of lizard and birds creates unsanitary conditions in the exterior and interior of the house. These droppings can be found on the windows, walls and air ventilation (tbc) of latticework of the house. The droppings can cause skin infection to human touch and contact once accumulated in a confined area such as the bedroom and closed hallway.

2.0 Dilapidation survey

West Exterior fittings, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Animal footprint stain - The footprint mark is present at the exterior of the house on one of the piping’s surfaces. The cause of having pests such as mice, rats or squirrels are due to availability of holes outside the home that welcome rodents inside including chimneys, vents, gaps in siding, roof lines, and entry points for wires and pipes.These pests carry diseases that can result in both short term and long term illness.

West Exterior windows, Ground floor Segara Ninda

Pest inhabitant - The nesting of birds can be seen in the exterior windows of the house. The unkempt maintenance of the outside window led for pest to manifest a habitat into one of the window louvers (in this situation birds). The cons of owning a bird nesting in one of the window sills shall led to the population growth of bird mites. Bird mites can grow rapidly from hundreds to thousands and can fed off on human blood once the host (bird) left the nest or dies.

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.1 Plan 3.2 Elevation 3.3 Section 3.4 Exploded Axonometric

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.1 Plan 3.1.1 Site Plan

B

A

3.0 Measured drawings

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.1 Plan 3.1.2 Ground Floor Plan

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.1 Plan 3.1.3 First Floor Plan

B

A

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.2 Elevation 3.2.1 East Elevation

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.2 Elevation 3.2.4 West Elevation

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.2 Elevation 3.2.2 North Elevation

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.2 Elevation 3.2.3 South Elevation

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.3 Section 3.3.1 Section A-A’

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.3 Section 3.3.2 Section B-B’

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3.0 Measured Drawings

3.4 Exploded Axonometric

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4.0 Proposal for adaptive reuse Introduction A proposal to revitalise Segara Ninda mansion by promoting wider user recognition of Setul heritage while preserving the originality of mansion.

4.1 Contextual, User response, Concept & Intention 4.2 Content driven idea & proposed programs 4.3 Precedents 4.4 Visuals & Renderings

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4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

4.1 Contextual, User response, Concept & Intention Site Analysis - Repetitive Program It is identified that the same program (hoteliering) is repeated throughout the adjacent context of Segara Ninda. People are less than likely to visit Segara Ninda when hotels of historical themes - Eastern & Oriental, Blue Mansion, which are more attractive are located nearby.

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HOTEL MALAYSIA

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3 HOTEL CONTINENTAL PENANG

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Lodging

CITITEL EXPRESS HOTEL

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EASTERN & ORIENTAL

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BAYVIEW HOTEL

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PEKING HOTEL

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BLUE MANSION

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4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

Site Analysis - Cultural Advantage If Segara Ninda changes its program from accommodation to other programs of faster pace, it may interact with a higher amount of users. Segara Ninda may change its activity to linger or engagement-base, for example cafe or galleries to open up to visitors and create a chain link with other cultural landmarks nearby.

Cultural and Heritage Zone

37 Institutional Zone

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

4.2 Content Driven Idea and Proposed Programs Concept and Intention

Contextual Analysis

Intention

Proposed Programmes

The current Segara Ninda functions as a guest house managed by the descendants of Ku Din Ku Meh, serving small amounts of guests. The owners wanted to promote the authenticity of Segara Ninda to a larger audience without sacrificing the essence of the building.

A proposal to further promote the rich history and culture of the Segara Ninda heritage to locals and tourists in the midst of tourist-driven developments lacking authenticity and permanence to the local context.

Lack of Public Realm Lack of open space for people to pause and interact

Slow Pace Activities A rather relaxed programme which contrast with the surrounding activities to create pausing moment and encourage people to stay inside Segara Ninda

Gallery Gallery to retell the history of Segara Ninda. It is also supported with reading spaces as secondary programme

Owner’s Desire

Repeating Redundant Functions Repeated functions occupied in buildings surrounding the context, no versatility as attraction

Magnet to Pedestrians Creation of space that eases approach and draws pedestrian’s attraction into Segara Ninda

Authentic Themed Cafe An authentic themed cafe that is opened from morning till night to attract surroundings travelers and visitors to have meal inside

Promote Historical Value Promote heritage history and culture of Segara Ninda and to spread its name to the nation for better preservation

Deterioration of Authenticity Authentic traditional values deteriorated by surrounding commercialized buildings

Authentic Vibes and Essence Recapturing the nostalgic vibes and lifestyle of Old Penang and present them to the public

Interactive Lighting Display Wall Recapturing the nostalgic vibes and lifestyle of Old Penang and present them to the public

38

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

4.3 Precedents

39

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

40

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

4.4 Visuals & Renderings Segara Ninda Cafe Gallery Segara Ninda changes into more engaging food & beverage program that relates to its core Setul heritage. It educates and discloses knowledge to a wider audience about its history without losing its authenticity. The owners can spread the building’s name through food, the more the people know, the higher the preservation value of Segara Ninda.

Shows cinematic progression of Setul Kingdom from past to present

Room partitions are removed to extend use for public space*

Gallery space displays memorabilia and provides lounging

Toilet plaster partitions removed because of damage*

Lighting that emphasize on authentic architectural features

Setul themed cubicle of different artworks for dine in purposes

Setul artwork embellishes cafe lobby

Framing to the traditional courtyard at the end of the corridor occupied by side cafe cubicles

Toilets are accessed in the new wing* Reception counter to control the main cafe foyer

Ground floor plan

42

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

4.4 Visuals & Renderings

DIne-in cubicle with view over airwell

Gallery space displays memorabilia and provides lounging

Dine-in Setul themed cubicle displaying artworks of different eras

Memories of the past according to timeline placed from cubicle to cubicle

Emphasis on authentic cultural elements Books and stories to tell stories of the past

First floor plan 41

4.0 Proposal for Adaptive Reuse

The ground floor open space is designed in lines with trees as shade to invite the community to have their recreational activities, meanwhile introducing the interactive lighting display wall as the basic formation of active frontage to attract the locals and visitors at the street level.

An open space is dedicated to any events or purposes that the community wants, be it talk, events or festivals celebration. Also, water features with seatings and shades is provided, allowing people to stay, ponder and linger on site with comfortable physical environment.

Interactive lighting display wall to attract pedestrian’s attention, bringing vibrancy to the place especially at night

Water features and entry statement while emphasizing its statement as a public realm

Water Feature

Interactive Lighting Display Wall

Conducive environment with vegetation and outdoor seatings to pause pedestrian’s movement and extend their interaction with the building

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5.0 References

Ab. Aziz Shuaib,Olalere Folasayo Enoch. (2014). Integrating the Malay Traditional Design Elements into Contemporary Design: An Approach towards Sustainable Innovation, 60-67 [Online].https://ac.els-c 8158a4d16539f50161cfae44e5ea08bc Abdul Halim Nasir (2011). The Traditional Malay House. Accessed 22 Feb. 2018 [online] Available at: https://books.google.com.my/books?id—_1vb4mZU6dlC&pg=PA24&lpg—PA24&dq—traditional+malay stairc ase Wz7 oS2jK06 sgcNIDDOHDky7 oGa8zs —en&sed=OahUKEwj e6fn - 3 LfZAhWL tional staircase&f=false Agoda Company (2018) Grand Inn Penang Road. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from https://www.agoda.com/grand-inn-penang-road/hotel/penang-my.html Nik Khusairi Ibrahim (2005), A taste of heritage living - Community I The Star Online. Accessed 21 Feb 2018 [online] Available at: https://vrww.thestar.com.my/news/community/2005/11/22/a-taste-of- heritage-living' Tengku Hamidah Tengku Mahadi (2018), SegaraNinda. Accessed 21 Feb 2018. [online] Available at: http://www.segaraninda.com TripAdvisor. (2011). Segara Ninda Retrieved 24 February 2018, from https://www.tripadvisor.Co.za/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g298303-d1010088-i35734187 -Segara_Ninda-George_Town_Penang_Island_Penang.html We, T. (2014), Segara Ninda (Ku Din Ku Meh House), Penang / Pulau Pinang. Accessed 21 Feb. 2018 [online] Available at: http://www.penang-traveltips.com/segara-ninda.htm?imz_s=4stt4kv9as11bj2mes1ufmqoh5 Wikimapia (2007) Continental Hotel Penang (George Town City) Refrieved 22 February 2018, from http://vvrikimapia.org/1115497/Continental-Hotel-Penang Wonderful Malaysia ( 2017 ) History of Penang Island in Malaysia I Wonderful Malaysia. Retrieved 21 February 2018, from http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/histoy-penang-island-malaysia.htm Wong, P. (2018). Georgetown Nightlife - What to Do at Night in Georgetown. Retrieved 22 February 2018, from http://www.penang.ws/nightlife/georgetown.htm