Construction solution - Kajang art centre: Hangingclouds

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I BLD61403 PROJECT 2 CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION KAJANG ART CENTRE - Hanging clouds Jalan Tukang, Kajang Town YONG ZHI KANG 0327791 TUTOR: MR. MOHAMED RIZAL MOHAMED

Content 1.0 Introduction 1.1 site context 2.0 Precedent Studies 2.1 roof system - saw-tooth roof system 2.2 structural system - steel framing system and hollow core concrete slab 2.3 facade system I - copper strips louvres 2.4 facade system II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system)

1

2-3 4-5

6-7 8-9

3.0 Facade Design Schemes (KAC - Hangingclouds) 3.1 facade design I - copper strips louvres 3.2 facade design II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system)

9-11 12-13

4.0 Sectional Perspectives

14-15

5.0 Conclusion

16

6.0 References

1.1 site context

1 1 2 4 3 5

The chosen site - Site A is situated with an empty area occupied with a bus stop and 3 units of shophouses which will be demolished to further accommodate our art centre building. Front region facing Jalan Tukang is well exposed to daylight as there is no sufficient shading devices or greenery present while the rear region is relatively well shaded by the shophouses building height with the huge picturesque tree situated at the alleyway which blocked the west sun to penetrate directly into our site. The adjacent shophouses unit are range between 2-storey height to 4-storey height buildings.

1.0 Introduction

3

2

4

5

01

2.1 roof system - saw-tooth roof system

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN INTENTIONS

Alstom Halles Nantes, France 2011

a rehabilitation project which includes the construction of a new

Architects: Franklin azzi architecture

college of fine arts in nantes, france. situated at the heart of the

Structural engineers: Setec bâtiment

metropolis, the design aims to provide a creative and urban space

Building area: 27000 sqm

that responds to the site and its changing needs. featuring a saw-toothed roof line, the new three-level hall is transparent in both its operations and materiality: wrapped in a translucent cladding framed in steel, the interior space is completely lit by natural light. this blurring between the interior and exterior results in an ‘inner street’, a wide circulatory route that connects a number of programs within the hall as well as serving as a connector between different buildings on site.

2.0 Precedent Studies

02

2.1 roof system - saw-tooth roof system

ADVANTAGES 1. Allows more natural light entered the buildings core.

2. Higher peaks provide the opportunity for additional activity space.

3. The configuration of solar photovoltaic skin panels can be performed in an efficient way.

DISADVANTAGES 1. Sawtooth roof is much more expensive to construct than other roof types due to the complex design and construction power.

2. High maintenance cost.

3. Higher chance for water leaks especially with complex slope configurations.

Connection details between the edges C-channel

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ON SITE 1.

2.

Allow adequate fenestration into the performing spaces when the openings are angled correctly in responding to the sun orientation.

Daylighting efficiency make the building a hanging building in between the traditional shophouses. Likewise, KAC - hangingclouds to show a resemblance of huge airwell which Kajang heritage town used to have.

3.

Fast and lightweight construction as the components can be prefabricated off-site.

4.

Steel construction with its tensile quality allows for long spans, therefore reducing the number of supporting columns to maximise the performing spaces.

Rafter

Roof system bolted into I-Beam

Bird eye perspective of the sawtooth roof

Alstom Halles Longitudinal section 2.0 Precedent Studies

03

2.2 structural system - steel framing system Slab keyway grouted solidly

2.

3.

4.

1.

6.

5.

Slab & Beam Connection Detail

Hollow core slab to bear on steel H beam

Legend 1. Hollow core slab 2. In-situ concrete infill 3. Grout fill in gap 4. Milled slot 5. Headed shear studs 6. Transverse reinforcement

Steel H beam

INTRODUCTION Modern Forest City Xiantao, China 2015 IBS systems use- Urban residential types

DESIGN RELEVANCE This IBS is commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams, and steel framing systems, and is used extensively in the fast-track construction of highrise buildings. Apart from that, it is extensively used for light steel trusses consisting of cost-effective profiled, cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Cost saving

Lack of aesthetics value

Short construction time

IBS components are expensive

Less labour required

Lack of skilled labours

Minimal wastage

Improper planning leads to failure

2.0 Precedent Studies

Dimensions D (Depth of section): 200mm B (Width of section): 200mm t (Thickness of web): 10mm T (Thickness of flange): 10mm

The section of H-column and H-beam with dimensions.

150

The section shows the thickness of precast hollow core slab with dimensions.

Components

IBS Factor

Analysis

Wall (In-situ concrete with reusable system formwork)

0.5

Partial IBS factors

Column and beam (Steel structural systems)

0.9

Full IBS factors

04

2.2 structural system - steel framing system Shim

Column

Legend 1. Hollow core slab 2. In-situ concrete infill 3. Mesh reinforcement 4. Steel H-beam 5. Starter bar

5.

200 x 200 mm H column Steel plate bracket

250 x 250 mm Steel base plate

2.

Bolt

Adjustable panel anchor

Anchor Bolts

3.

600 x 600 mm Concrete column stump

1.

4.

800 x 800 mm Concrete footing

Exploded axonometric connection of column to foundation

Column to column connection

Slab to wall connection detail.

H steel beam notched at sides before bolted to H steel column

Column to beam connection (Fixed column base connection)

2.0 Precedent Studies

Column to beam connection

Steel framing with hollow core slab on-site

05

2.3 facade system I - copper strips louvres ADVANTAGES 1.

AESTHETICS

Either its pure or oxidised form, its greenish and brownish appearance are suitable for using in architecture skins to represent the poetics and provide an outstanding architecture language when treatment done nicely.

2.

VERSATILITY

Copper is often perceived as a premium material because of its initial price. But researchers have found that copper is among the most cost-effective roofing materials, because of its durability, ease of maintenance, and salvage value.

When considering overall roofing costs, copper is comparable with zinc, aluminium, stainless steel, and concrete tiles. It is considerably more affordable than lead, slate, and handmade clay tiles.

3.

DURABILITY

Copper-containing building products are durable, require little repair or replacement, and are often highly recyclable. Copper’s longevity lessens the need to use new cladding or roofing material, which then prevents waste and decreases the energy required for constant maintenance. Its fire resistance, anti-microbial and anti-corrosion properties further enhance its sustainability in building materials performance.

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN INTENTIONS

Scandinavian Embassy Berlin, D, 1999

Permeable, separate wall of copper louvres at various angles as a

Architects: Berger + Parkkinen, Vienna

curtain wall linking the six embassy buildings of the Scandinavian

Pysall Ruge, Berlin

countries. The copper band, a sum of copper lamellas mounted on

Structural engineers: IGH, Berlin

a stainless steel construction, encloses the six buildings as a

Facade system: copper strip

continuous and autonomous element. The angles at which the

Total length of copper strip: 226m

copper lamellas are inclined control the amount of permeability for light, view and air. The band wraps the embassy buildings yet only touches parts of them. In some cases it completes courtyards, flowing freely across some distances.

2.0 Precedent Studies

4.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Being a very reusable product, copper has minimal impact on natural resources.

Also, as the standard for environmentally sound wiring, plumbing, and an important component of high-performing technologies, copper also has a positive impact on energy efficiency. Using copper strip as mechanical facade system can highly reduce the thermal performances in the building by encouraging more ventilation occuring in the building.

5.

COST-EFFECTIVE

Recent technology and growing interest in building with copper have also made the material more cost-effective. Contractors are now more familiar with using copper in mechanised seaming, prefabrication and other cost-saving techniques.

06

2.3 facade system I - copper strips louvres DISADVANTAGES

Facade connection to the building

Copper is one of the most noble metals. It will not be harmed by contact with other metals but it will cause corrosion to some other metals if contacted directly. The principal metals of concern regarding direct contact with copper are aluminum, light-gauge steel, and zinc. Aluminum and steel flashings and galvanized steel fasteners should not be used with copper. Runoff from a copper roof corrodes aluminum and steel guttering.[66][67] It is not necessary to isolate copper from lead, tin or many stainless steels under most circumstances. Taping or gasketing with non-absorptive materials or sealants are effective in separating copper from all other metals.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ON SITE 1.

2.

3.

Construction connections (steel frame system) Site context exterior environment (ageing heritage town seeking its beauty in culture value) Privacy and thermal comfort of interior users

Facade connection details Legend: 1. Anti-pigeon wire 2. Stainless steel square hollow section, 100 x 100mm 3. Stainless steel channel, 120 x 50 x 3mm 4. Stainless steel sheet, 4mm 5. Louvre, sheet copper, pre-weathered 6. Stainless steel guying cable 7. Stainless steel square hollow section, 120 x 120mm, ground, screwed to No.2 via channel section 8. Stainless steel web plate, 10 mm, ground 9. Glazing with discrete fixings as wind barrier at bottom of facade 10. Stainless steel screw fixings, with sleeves on one side to allow movement 11. Facade construction: louvre, sheet copper, pre-weathered 100mm air cavity waterproofing 120mm mineral wool insulation, laminated with black fleece 200mm reinforced concrete 12. Stainless steel angle 13. Sheet copper flashing

Scandinavian Embassy Longitudinal section 2.0 Precedent Studies

Plan-section view of the facade body

Callout Section aa’ of the facade body 07

2.4 facade system II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system) ADVANTAGES 1.

AESTHETICS

To incorporate a design that did justice in RMIT that houses several researches purposes of different courses. It offer a glimpse of art and science weaving to certain level.

2.

VERSATILITY

Sun tracking & configured to your design, it can be used as a lightweight decorative element or as an environmental conscious component in buildings. Examples of creative uses of glass include sunscreens that filter & control light.

3.

DURABILITY

Galvanised metal as the frame for the sandblast glass has a structural properties many other materials do not have. They can withstand harsh weather environments, with the ability to control or equalize pressure due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Its strong corrosive resistance value aided the facade in rainy weather when it was exposed to water.

4.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

By balancing light & ventilation, allowing for a comfortable level of natural lighting during the day, the inner skin act as a ventilation duct to provide fresh air while the exterior skin act as a sun shading element thus reduces the amount of artificial light needed, while at the same time deflects heat.

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN INTENTIONS

RMIT Design Hub Melbourne, Aus, 2012 Architects: Sean Godsell, Hayley Franklin Structural engineers: Felicetti Pty Ltd Facade system: Rotatable Solar Glass Panel Total : 774 operable glass panels

Tectonically, the hub is an envelope of energy efficient design strategies, sporting a novel exterior comprised of operable

cylindrical

shading

The

high

functioning envelope is a fabric of shading devices of sandblasted glass discs surrounds the entire building, A galvanized steel ring of slightly greater diameter defines each glass roundel. Passive design strategies, in particular methods that diffuse light, were of central importance in this building.

2.0 Precedent Studies

devices.

5.

ECO-FRIENDLY

Sandblasted glass disc were innovated into a solar receiver panel, which automated to follow the sun orientation in order to maximise its solar absorption value. It is made up of nominally 600 mm diameter sandblasted glass disks, which are fixed to either a horizontal or vertical aluminium axel.

Each axel is fixed to the outer face of a galvanised steel cylinder of a slightly greater diameter and nominally 130 mm in depth. 21 glass discs and steel cylinders are fixed together in panels of nominally 1.8 m by 4.2 m, which are supported on a secondary galvanised steel frame set out about 700 mm from the curtain wall face of the building. These are accessed by an internal facade walkway on each level.

08

2.4 facade system II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system) DISADVANTAGES

Working principle of the glass

Connections have to be carefully sealed and waterproofing need to be done to avoid water leaking into building. HVAC systems need to be rethink its purpose and placement in order to achieve maximum performance.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ON SITE The design of the building had to cater to 3 huge responsibilities 1.

To incorporate a design that did justice to the Kajang heritage town that houses performing art cultures and social of different people.

2.

To its location in an important urban context, at the Jalan Tukang to Langat river street axis in Kajang that is visible from the city’s civic axis.

3.

To its frontage road function as a circulation spine, Jalan Reko to Jalan Cheras, it needs a veil between the people and the hectic road.

The facade system provides a permeable building envelope. It allows daylight and wind to enter the building easily to enhance the experience in Kajang Art Centre spaces such as library and workshops. The perforated aluminium also gives a sense of curiosity to the rotatable solar glass discs open to 90 degrees, pivoting on horizontal axles on the front elevations, giving the facade an orientation-specific response.

It automated through separate electrically operated actuators. A smart skin which trace the path of the sun.

passerby as its rotatable veil appearance portraying the human activities in the KAC spaces.

The facade system also controls the privacy of the building yet allows visual engagement between the inhabitants and the streets, suiting the concept of the performing art centerhanging clouds, layers of veil that seems like floating in between the spaces.

Facade connection details Legend:

1. automated operable solar facade 2. fresh air intake 3. stainless steel micro-woven wire 4. facade actuator 5. acoustic insulation 6. walkway 7. safety rail

RMIT Design hub Longitudinal section

2.0 Precedent Studies

Facade connection to the building

Walkway behind galvanised steel and glass panel facade

09

3.1 facade design I - copper strips louvres Front Elevation Scale 1:100

3.0 Facade Design Schemes

10

3.1 facade design I - copper strips louvres Rear Elevation Scale 1:100

With intentions of open up the backalley as the contextual picturesque tree provided natural shading for the rear elevation, the skins can be further naked to create an exposed tectonic language which resemble the clouds form, floating, uplifting form.

3.0 Facade Design Schemes

11

3.2 facade design II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system) Front Elevation Scale 1:100

A strong curve were set off on the edge to create an intrigue welcoming statement for the people in order to enliven the spatial experience when people entering our KAC building hangingclouds. Likewise, it created a lightweight skin effect which resemble the hanging effect.

3.0 Facade Design Schemes

12

3.2 facade design II - operable glass and steel facade (Solar system) Rear Elevation Scale 1:100

3.0 Facade Design Schemes

13

Sectional Perspective A Legend 1. Finishes 2. Steel beam 3. Hollow core slab

Weld plates on the bottom of the hollow core concrete panel

50 mm structural concrete screed

1.

3.

2.

Filling with sand-cement grout

600mm nominal Glass solar shading panel facade

Steel H-beam concrete encasement 200mm x 200mm

150mm thick prefabricated hollow core concrete slab

Steel H-column 200mm x 200mm Folded timber shutting doors

3500

Reinforced concrete pad footing 900mm x 900mm 1200mm below ground level 4.0 Sectional Perspectives

14

Sectional Perspective B

Roof Copper

Glass Glass openings bolts and nuts connection to encased steel beam

Steel frame structure bolted and screwed with translucent roof

5000

4.0 Sectional Perspectives

15

Blurring Architecture, Blurring Boundaries(2019). Retrieved from https://steelandglass2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/mediatheque.pdf City Living Room (2019). Retrieved from https://projekter.aau.dk/projekter/files/239515119/REPORT.pdf Case Study: Sendai Mediatheque, Toyo Ito | Noah Geupel | Archinect. (2019). Retrieved from https://archinect.com/ngeupel/project/case-study-sendai-mediatheque-toyo-ito#&gid=1&pid=1 Fabrication model: Sendai Mediatheque | Winter D'Angelillo | Archinect. (2019). Retrieved from https://archinect.com/people/project/15924418/fabrication-model-sendai-mediatheque/18580933#&gid=1&pid=1 Media Tech Toyo Ito. (2019). Retrieved from http://siuarchitecture.blogspot.com/2016/04/media-tech-toyo-ito.html Precedent Study | Sendai Mediatheque | Toyo Ito on AIGA Member Gallery. (2019). Retrieved from http://portfolios.aiga.org/gallery/68280195/Precedent-Study-Sendai-Mediatheque-Toyo-Ito Sendai Mediatheque Form Body Technique Space (2019). Retrieved from https://erapogoson.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/erapogoson_compilationfs20111.pdf Sendai Mediatheque, Japan (2019). Retrieved from http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~kcoleman/Precedents/ALL%20PDFs/Ito_SendaiMediatheque.pdf Sendai Mediatheque project(2019). Retrieved from https://steelandglass2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/mediatheque-1.pdf Sendai Mediatheque en Tokio | Toyo Ito | Ficha + fotos + planos. (2019). Retrieved from http://artchist.blogspot.com/2017/04/sendai-mediatheque-en-tokio-toyo-ito.html?m=1 Sendai Mediatheque - Data, Photos & Plans. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/sendai-mediatheque/#mediateca-1

All in all, both structural and architectural space quality should be taken into consideration at the same time as both are quite crucial in affecting the functional and aesthetic of the building.

Losing either one of these elements will not make the architectural perfect. It is not a sequential elements to tackle and manage in design process, it supposed to be a dual-complementary elements which sums up a building workability and poetics.

Choices of structural system, facade and roof connection is selected wisely to complement the design of the art centre and provide a unique and interesting experience for the users while providing structural needs.

5.0 Conclusion

Toyo Ito structural analysis (2019). Retrieved from https://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_page_media/4433/sendai05.pdf Toyo ito: designboom interview. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/toyo-ito-designboom-interview/ Utilitarian to Aesthetic: The Evolution of Base Isolation (2019). Retrieved from http://people.virginia.edu/~km6e/Papers/iabse-paper-2015.pdf Video: Experiencing the Japan Earthquake from the Sendai Mediatheque. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/120114/video-experiencing-the-japan-earthquake-from-the-sendai-mediatheque

6.0 References

16