Zootecnica International – June 2021 – POSTE ITALIANE Spa – Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale 70%, Firenze
A review of novel biological alternatives to antibiotic therapies in poultry Variable speed tunnel fans Water quality critical to broiler performance
6
2021
The new feeders of the «Gió» range, specifically developed for great poultry farms, thanks to the easiness in the regulation of the feed and to the absence of grill (that avoid chicks perching) have many advantages: they are easy to use and their cleaning is extremely easy and fast too, leading to an overall reduction in labour costs.
CODAF Poultry Equipment Manufacturers • Via Cavour, 74/76 • 25010 Isorella (Brescia), ITALY Tel. +39 030 9958156 • Fax: +39 030 9952810 • info@codaf.net • www.codaf.net
EDITORIAL The webinar organized together with DSM (Italy) and AVIAGEN (Italy) on May 5 on the topic "Broiler Genetics and Nutrition" offered a starting point for some considerations on the new goals of genetic selection and the new approaches towards improving health and production efficiency. We are indeed experiencing a sort of “Copernican revolution” as in many sectors the centres of attention and research are shifting towards new targets. The drama of “Covid Globalism” has forced us to reflect on how we need to react if we are to achieve a more rapid economic recovery. Smart working, video calls, webinars are examples of how our inter-social and commercial relations are evolving. For some time now, genetic selection has involved new approaches, not only to improve health and production efficiency, but also to offer the most demanding of consumers, products with different organoleptic characteristics, while also being always conscious of the growing need for eco-sustainability. The reduction in the use of antimicrobials has occurred thanks to the commitment of the highly specialized companies involved in the nutritional field. These companies have developed products that are effective in controlling the integrity and functionality of the digestive system which are fundamental aspects towards obtaining good productivity rates. History once again, will show us that, after a war or a pandemic there is always an economic, social and ethic recovery. We must not let ourselves be too influenced by the constant media circus always foreshadowing different scenarios, depending on how the wind blows. It is up to us to be able to evaluate new opportunities in this difficult historical context, such as ours, and above all to realize that, if synergies and exchanges are not created, we will not be able to tackle the situation alone.
SUMMARY WORLDWIDE NEWS............................................................................. 4 COMPANY NEWS................................................................................... 6 COMPANY FOCUS Aviagen launches “Committed to Breeding Sustainability” presentation ............. 8
16
INTERVIEW Paolo Pandolfi, Aza International, interviews Jérémy Fillon, owner of turkey farms in the region of Brittany, France..................................... 10
FIELD REPORT The current state of pullet and layer health status in the U.S............................ 12
FOCUS A review of novel biological alternatives to antibiotic therapies in poultry.......... 16
MARKETING
26
The impacts of the red-white-shift in global meat production on meat trade...... 20
TECHNICAL COLUMN Variable speed tunnel fans............................................................................. 26 Top climate Lubing System: cooling, humidification and dust removal through water pressure....................................................... 32 PolAIR high pressure cooling......................................................................... 34
MANAGEMENT Water quality critical to broiler performance.................................................... 36 Using data to solve problems in broiler breeder male management.................. 40
36
NUTRITION Fatty acids in ABF poultry production: a nutritionist’s perspective..................... 44
PROCESSING How to automate food safety in the poultry industry?....................................... 48
MARKET GUIDE................................................................................... 52
EVENTS.................................................................................................55 INTERNET GUIDE.............................................................................56
WORLDWIDE NEWS
MOU signed to support growth in global egg and poultry industries The International Egg Commission (IEC) and International Poultry Council (IPC) have signed a renewed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen their longstanding relationship and support continued growth in the egg and poultry industries.
Suresh Chitturi signing the MOU
Robin Horel signing the MOU
Under the updated agreement, which was signed by IEC Chairman, Suresh Chitturi, and IPC President, Robin Horel, the organisations will work together on areas of joint interest including zoonosis and avian diseases, as well as biosecurity. Speaking about the MOU, IEC Chairman, Suresh Chitturi said: “The egg and poultry industries are perfectly placed to support the growing world population through the supply of high-quality, affordable, safe and sustainable protein. By collaborating on areas of joint interest we can accelerate the advancement of our industries with the potential to support millions of small and medium entrepreneurs, creating jobs for rural women and communities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.” IPC President, Robin Horel added: “On behalf of the International Poultry Council, I am very pleased to sign this Memorandum of Understanding with the International Egg Commission. Formalizing our intent to work together on areas of joint interest makes sense for our respective members and industries.” Established in 1964, the International Egg Commission (IEC) is a not-for-profit organisation that represents the egg industry internationally; it has members in around
4
80 different countries. Its members include national egg associations, egg farmers, egg graders and processors around the world. Part of the role of the IEC is to provide information to assist with national and international decisions and policy making, it does this through its membership, its publications, and liaison with other international organisations, including; World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Health Organization (WHO), Consumer Goods Forum (CGF), and the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The International Poultry Council (IPC) was founded on October 7, 2005 in the city of Cologne, Germany, and is the global poultry meat producers Association. IPC’s mission is to strengthen communications between countries, to develop and implement policy for international organizations affecting the world’s poultry industry, and to promote a common understanding and confidence in poultry products in the world. IPC currently has 31 Country Members and more than 53 Associate Members, representing 88 percent of the global poultry meat production and almost 95 percent of the global poultry meat trade. International Organizations such as OIE, FAO and Codex Alimentarius Commission officially recognize IPC as the global Association representing the poultry meat sector.
- worldwide news -
Old Aza factory
Image: Fotolia - © Minerva Studio
Since 1960
WORLDWIDE NEWS
Leader in pig & poultry equipment
I WANT
AZA!
We design and manufacture in Italy to guarantee maximum quality at competitive prices
THE MOST INNOVATIVE RANGE IN THE POULTRY INDUSTRY
BROILERS - TURKEYS - LAYERS - ROOSTERS - BREEDERS
Breedaza system
- june 2021 -
Display our complete range of products on our homepage
5
Via Roma 29, 24030 Medolago (BG) Italy - Phone +39 035 901240 - info@azainternational.it www.azainternational.it
COMPANY NEWS
Hubbard commemorates a centennial, lays foundation for next 100 years with $20 million R&D investment Expansion signals growth and success for Hubbard worldwide. abling continuous improvement of the rate at which feed is converted to live body weight. Progress in FCR contributes greatly to environmental sustainability as well as profitability for poultry businesses. During the next two phases, an R&D grow farm will be built on recently purchased land, while an existing R&D growout farm will be renovated.
Chesterfield Farm: renovation of one of the pedigree layer houses has recently been completed
Hubbard ® has announced plans to expand and upgrade its Walpole, NH, US, Research and Development (R&D) operations. Representing an investment of $20 million, the project will mean an increase in capabilities and capacity, as well as improvement in performance, biosecurity and innovation, along with bird health and welfare. Work will commence immediately, with completion slated for mid-2022. When finished, the expansion will bring approximately 40 new jobs to Walpole and Cheshire County.
stock. The project will make possible Hubbard to enhance its breeding program with the very latest leading technological innovations, and expand its R&D capabilities, as well as egg storage, hatchery, and chick processing capacities. The investment will also include a new R&D grow-out farm called “Centennial Farm” in honour of Hubbard’s 100year anniversary.
This momentous R&D development will enable Hubbard to strengthen service and supply to its worldwide customers amid an ongoing growth in demand for its popular, high-quality conventional broiler breeding
The project will be completed in five phases, all adding significant value to Hubbard’s North American operations. Phase 1 includes the construction of a state-of-the-art feed conversion research farm, en-
6
Multi-phase undertaking with numerous benefits
- company news -
These facilities will enable Hubbard to protect the health and safety of its flocks by further strengthening its rigorous biosecurity program. Phase 4 will see the expansion of the Walpole R&D hatchery with the latest incubation and hatchery technology, and the final stage will be to upgrade lay houses of the existing farms with the latest ventilation, lighting and equipment technologies. “Through continuous innovation, improvement and global expansion, our goal at Hubbard is to fulfil our mission to provide the world’s growing population with a valuable source of protein,” remarked Olivier Rochard, Hubbard’s Managing Director. “With this investment, we’ve laid a solid foundation for success for our company, as well as our worldwide customers, in the coming 100 years.” For further information, please contact: marketing.hubbard@hubbardbreeders.com
COMPANY NEWS
Wasikowski family leads Poland’s ZWD Czarne hatchery into the future with Royal Pas Reform Hatchery’. He adopted Pas Reform incubation systems more than 30 years ago. In 2006, in a bid to increase production inline with growing opportunities in their domestic market, the hatchery took the decision to transfer its operations to single-stage, closed-door, Smart™ technologies.
Wiesllawa and Marek Lewandowski, Jan Wasikowksi’s proud successors, are pictured centre with their son Mateusz outside the ZWD Czarne head office. Niels Stam and Hans Mateman of Royal Pas Reform are to the left and Jaroslaw Piankowski of Jarmax is on the right
The thriving family hatchery business ZWD Czarne was founded more than 50 years ago by Jan Wasikowski in Czarne, Poland. Today, the second generation of Wasikowskis are managing the company – proud successors of Jan, who are continuing a thirty-year partnership with Royal Pas Reform. Marek Lewandowski and his wife Wiesllawa Lewandowski, who is founder Jan’s daughter, (pictured, centre) are building on a strong heritage and using their great drive and energy to lead the company into the future based on Smart™, future-focused technology from Royal Pas Reform. Jan Wasikowski started his business in 1967 and ZWD Czarne quickly became known as ‘Jan Wasikowski’s
Over the years, the hatchery has grown organically, with the addition of several smaller extensions. In addition to investment in new setters and hatchers, the company also embraced hatchery automation systems. In 2014, ZWD Czarne installed the intelligent SmartCount™ counting and dosing system, and Pas Reform’s climate control equipment. By early 2019, the setting capacity had increased to 56 million day-old chicks per year. ZWD Czarne’s partially integrated operations also include parent-stock farms, to produce Ross and Cobb day-old broiler chicks for sale into the domestic poultry meat production market. “Today, our hatchery is fully programmable – to optimize production across a variety of breed and age-related incubation programs,” Marek Lewandowski explains. Throughout this time, Wasikowski’s Hatchery has received service and support from Royal Pas Reform’s agent in Poland, Jarmax – which provides rapid supply of spare parts from its locally held stock. Royal Pas Reform’s Sales Director Niels Stam says: “We are very proud to have worked with Jan Wasikowksi, and now his daughter and son-in-law, for so long, and we look forward to continuing that strong relationship in the future.”
First choice in agricultural ventilation components tpi-polytechniek.com
|
The Netherlands
- june 2021 -
7
COMPANY FOCUS
Aviagen launches “Committed to Breeding Sustainability” presentation Interactive document - Committed to Breeding Sustainability highlights synergy between Aviagen’s Top 5 Commitments and the 5 UN SDGs prioritized by the IPC.
Aviagen® is committed to balanced, sustainable breeding and working toward the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – the blueprint for a healthy, safe present and future for people and the planet. In a newly-released interactive presentation, Aviagen® illustrates the synergy between its Top 5 Commitments and the five United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) prioritized by the International Poultry Council (IPC). Aviagen's value of “Breeding Sustainability” reflects its mission to help customers feed their communities with healthy poultry meat in a responsible way that promotes the success of producers, while lessening the environmental impact of meat production.
Engaging the audience The “Committed to Breeding Sustainability”
8
- company focus -
presentation shows the audience how Aviagen puts the five SDGs chosen by the IPC into practice by zooming in on each of its Top 5 Commitments: 1. Health, food safety and food security (SDG2: Zero Hunger; 3: Good health and well-being; and 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure). Aviagen is committed to ensuring a safe and secure supply of healthy birds to help feed a growing population, thus reducing hunger and improving the well-being and prosperity of people around the world. 2. Biodiversity (SDG2: Zero Hunger). Aviagen provides a sustainable supply of breeding stock from parallel pedigree programs with large diverse gene pools. 3. Balanced breeding programs (SDG2: Zero Hunger; 9: Good health and well-being; 13: Climate action). Responsible, bal-
COMPANY FOCUS
anced breeding strengthens bird health, welfare, efficiency and performance. 4. Importance of management and stockmanship (SDG 2: Zero Hunger and 4: Quality education). Aviagen works side-by-side with customers, sharing the latest best management practices to help them get the best from their birds. 5. Transparency, communication and engagement (SDG4 4: Quality education and 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure). Members of the global food supply chain cooperate and collaborate to put sustainability into practice and to attract the next generation of poultry people. Throughout the “Committed to Breeding Sustainability” presentation, colorful illustrations, interactive elements and selectable icons enable the reader to delve deeper into the Top 5 Commitments and SDGs and find out how Aviagen demonstrates them. The document will be available in a number of translated languages soon.
Welfare and sustainability at the core of the business “Aviagen and the IPC share a commitment to breeding welfare and sustainability, and the SDGs identified by the IPC are integral to our Top 5 corporate commitments. By fulfilling these commitments, we join the UN in their mission to create a better and brighter future for all,” commented Aviagen CEO Jan Henriksen. Anne-Marie Neeteson, Vice President of Welfare and Compliance for Aviagen Group, added: “Our Top 5 Commitments go hand-in-hand with the three pillars of sustainability. They play a part in eliminating hunger and thus promoting global health and well-being (social pillar), advance the success of producers (economic pillar) and preserve the planet for future generations (environmental pillar).” To learn more about Aviagen’s commitment to the planet, its people and the world’s chicken meat producers, check out the new “Committed to Breeding Sustainability” presentation”. The full presentation can be experienced by visiting aviagen.com.
inal !
The Orig
COOLING, HUMIDIFYING, DUST BINDING: LUBING TOP CLIMATE SYSTEM FOR POULTRY The LUBING Top climate system was developed for effective humidifying, cooling and dust binding of the house air. •Fast cooling in the house without any wetness. •Effective dust binding influences positively the breath organs of the animals. •Better feed conversion. •Use of the system for soaking and disinfection. •Constant laying results also in summer.
LUBING SYSTEMS SRL
- june 2021 -
Drinking systems Climate systems Conveyor systems
Via Marco Polo, - Campodarsego (PD) ITALIA Telephone: + lubingsystem.com info@lubing.it
9
INTERVIEW
Paolo Pandolfi, Aza International, interviews Jérémy Fillon, owner of turkey farms in the region of Brittany, France Mr Jérémy Fillon has been managing his several turkey farms for ten years at Lanouée in the Brittany region, in northern France and cooperates with Le Gouessant group. Mr Fillon, owner and CEO of his farms, has recently met Mr Paolo Pandolfi, export managing director of AZA INTERNATIONAL, an Italian leader in pig and poultry feeding systems. Mr Fillon, why did you choose AZA INTERNATIONAL and why did you decide to purchase the MIXTA feed pan? Well, I chose AZA INTERNATIONAL because it’s been synonymous with quality and reliability for more than sixty years. Here in Brittanty, I visited farms with AZA’s feeding systems installed in the eighties which are still working and the fact that your company can still supply spares after so many years, made me not hesitate about my choice. The main reason I’ve chosen MIXTA is the simplicity of use, besides the competitive price in comparison with the existing feed pans of the same class made by other competitors. Briefly, what are the advantages that you noticed in this feed pan? The main advantage is surely the automatic adjustment of the minimum and maximum feed quantity. Mixta really assures that just very little fine feed remains in the bottom of the pan. It’s very easy to wash and clean thanks to its automatic swinging opening system which allows deep cleaning even inside the tube hole. This is not possible with any other pan in the market.
MIXTA
The meeting focussed on the MIXTA, the multipurpose feed pan for broilers and turkeys designed by AZA INTERNATIONAL and working at Mr Fillon’s farms for some years.
10
- interview -
Could you explain how your system works? MIXTA feed pans are filled by a flex auger system and during the chick phase they are
INTERVIEW
set automatically in first phase position so that maximum quantity of feed is available inside the pan. The anti-chick ring prevents chicks from climbing in the pan and soiling the feed. After approx. 15/20 days, I raise the feeding line and the pans set themselves automatically to the adult phase so that minimum quantity of feed is assured and waste or feed selection are strongly reduced. After approximately 30/35 days, I assemble easily the big ring for the adult phase which remains till the end of the flock and prevents adult turkeys from wasting feed. I’m sure that I’ll definitely go for this pan in the other farms I’m going to build, considering its simple usage and management. Sponsored content by Aza International Jérémy Fillon
HUBBARD CONVENTIONAL the efficient choice!
EFFICIENCY PLUS
N EW
THE NEW STANDARD FOR EFFICIENCY www.hubbardbreeders.com
- june 2021 -
11
FIELD REPORT
The current state of pullet and layer health status in the U.S. A survey of the Association of Veterinarians in Egg Production is conducted yearly to assess the state of pullet and layer health issues for the annual report to the USAHA Committee on Poultry and Other Avian Species. 1. = Little or no importance to flock health or profitability. Very little effort to control.
Eric Gingerich, DVM dACPV Diamond V Technical Services Specialist
2. = Some importance to flock health or profitability. Moderate effort to control on some farms.
Poultry 6514 Hyde Park Drive, Zionsville IN 46077
3. = Moderate importance to flock health or profitability. Moderate effort needed to control on most farms. 4. = High importance to flock health or profitability. Significant effort to control on some farms. 5. = Very high importance to flock health or profitability. Significant effort to control on most farms. Starveouts and yolk infections of chicks during the first week continue to be of moderate to high importance indicating there is still work to be done in breeder hatch egg sanitation, hatchery, and brooding management (Table 1).
©eggs.ab.ca
Table 1 – Starveouts and yolk infections of chicks during the first week.
AVEP 2019 Disease Survey A survey of the members of the AVEP (Association of Veterinarians in Egg Production) is conducted yearly, in the fall, to assess the state of pullet and layer health issues for the annual report to the USAHA Committee on Poultry and Other Avian Species. For the 2019 survey, 30 of 41 targeted members (73% response rate), responded. The members were asked to categorize a list of common diseases of caged and cage-free pullets (22 and 23 conditions listed respectively) and caged and cage-free layers (32 and 36 conditions listed respectively) as to their importance in their area of service on a scale of 1 to 5 with the following categories:
12
Caged pullets
Cage-free pullets
Starveouts
2.47
2.53
Yolk infections
2.40
2.27
The results showing the top 10 diseases and conditions for the different classes of egg layers with their average ranking are shown in Table 2. Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis continue to be high on the lists of all classes of layers due to the hardy nature of coccidial oocysts once they are established in a house. Vaccination of caged pullets is a challenge due to difficulty in cycling sporulated vaccinal oocysts. Cage-free pullets and layers outbreaks are usually due to breakdowns in litter management which override coccidiostat and gut health medication programs. The lack of routine antibiotic medication usage in early lay leads to an increase in necrotic enteritis should coccidiosis be a problem.
- field report -
FIELD REPORT
Table 2 – Top 10 diseases and conditions for the different classes of egg layers with their average ranking. Top 10 diseases and conditions Rank
Caged Pullets
Cage-free Pullets
Caged Layers
Cage-free Layers
1
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) 3.70
Coccidiosis 3.60
E coli 3.63
Peckouts 4.07
2
Coccidiosis 3.40
Piling 3.37
IB 3.53
E coli 3.73
3
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) 2.90
IB 3.23
Calcium Depletion 3.17
Piling 3.63
4
Necrotic Enteritis (NE) 2.83
IBD 2.77
Tie: Coccidiosis 3.13
Tie Coccidiosis 3.27
5
Post SE Bacterin Hepatitis 2.70
Tie: NE 2.73
Tie: Mg 3.13
Tie: IB 3.27
6
vILT (Vaccinal Infectious Laryngotracheitis) 2.67
Tie: E coli 2.73
Infectious coryza (IC) 3.10
False Layer 3.13
7
M gallisepticum (Mg) 2.50
vILT 2.63
Focal Duodenal Necrosis (FDN) 3.07
FDN 3.00
8
E. coli 2.40
Tie: Mg 2.40
False Layer Syndrome 2.97
IC 2.97
9
Pox 2.27
Tie: Post SE bacterin hepatitis 2.40
Peckouts/Cannibalis m 2.87
Tie: Roundworms 2.73
10
Marek’s Disease 2.10
Roundworms 2.30
Necrotic enteritis 2.83
Tie: NE 2.73
11
Tie: ILT 2.73
BELTS and ROPES for AVICULTURAL USE • Manure removal belts • Manure belt with holes for drying systems info@barbieri-belts.com www.barbieribelts.com
Barbieri srl Via Garibaldi, 54 • 26040 Scandolara Ravara (CR) Italy Tel. (+39) 0375 / 95135 • Fax (+39) 0375 / 95169
- june 2021 -
13
FIELD REPORT
Infectious bronchitis (IB) and False Layer Syndrome (FLS) will be discussed below. Colibacillosis in layer flocks continues as highly important. The live E coli vaccine does a very good job of preventing the early lay onset problem but immunity is short-lived and does not provide a lot of protection for the late lay onset problems. Some producers are beginning to administer the live vaccine in mid-lay as a booster vaccination. Piling of cage-free flocks continues to be a major problem involving environment management. Peckout mortality of cage-free layers continues as well as an important issue. Lighting and behavioral management is often at the root of the problem. Some pressure is on to move to intact beaks for some cagefree programs which may be a real challenge in some operations. Infectious coryza (IC) will be discussed below. Post SE Bacterin Hepatitis continues to be seen as an important cause of pullet mortality. Vaccine companies are continuing to work to determine why this syndrome exists. Preventing overheating of vaccine prior to use may be a key to prevention. The high ranking of infectious bursal disease in pullets is the subclinical form resulting in poor growth rate, body weight uniformity, and response to vaccines not the acute mortality form. The control of roundworms in egg layers got a boost as the product AquaSol (fenbendazole) was cleared for use in egg layers in production in 2018. Organic layers continue to be without a highly effective product to use for this condition.
Current Diseases of Concern Infectious coryza This disease is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum and spread through Pennsylvania flocks like wildfire between late December 2018 through May 2019 affecting over 12 million layers, pullets, and broilers. Also, an outbreak in Arizona in multiple complexes which previously were coryza-free, occurred in early January 2019. The ease of spread of this supposedly environmentally fragile organism is troubling. Biosecurity procedures seemingly effective in keeping out avian influenza did not stop IC from spreading widely. Recent studies at the University of Pennsylvania shows
14
the causative bacteria can survive in 43 °F and 77 °F water for 72 hours and possibly longer with no loss in potency. The disease has now spread to a complex in north central Ohio starting in late 2019. There appears to be a connection to PA by egg transport vehicles even though an automatic vehicle sanitation system was in place. A layer flock in southern Kentucky broke as well but is not felt to be related to the PA or OH problems. Vaccination of pullets twice with the commercial trivalent vaccine with a four-week interval in between is now the standard in endemic areas. Some in PA are using a regional autogenous vaccine for one of the applications. Improvements in biosecurity at unaffected sites is ongoing. Premovement testing of pullets is being done in some cases. Multi-age pullet or layer complexes need to cease the traditional practice of re-using transport equipment that delivers birds to a contaminated layer complex or live bird slaughter facility without cleaning and disinfection. False Layer Syndrome (FLS)/Infectious bronchitis This syndrome appears to be due to exposure to variant strains of IB such as the DMV/1639/11 virus, in very young pullets in the first 2 weeks is felt to result in FLS. This has been seen in locations in the northeast US, Ontario, Quebec, Southwest US, and Midwest in areas with high broiler populations infected with variant strain IB or multi-age pullet growing units that become infected. Vaccination at day old or just after placement with the Ma5 Mass or GA 08 vaccines have greatly prevented the problem. Fowl Cholera This disease is being seen increasingly in cage-free flocks with outdoor access although a midwestern flock with no outdoor access recently broke with the disease. Exposure to respiratory or fecal material from various mammals including cows, pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rats, raccoons, skunks, etc. is normally the source of the disease organism, Pasteurella multocida. Many of these flocks have not received preventative vaccination. Flock mortality from cholera has reached up to 10% in some flocks. Application of live PM-One vaccine by wingweb in the face of the outbreak has resulted in successfully lowering mortality. Water sanitation, fogging disinfectant into the environment, and/or acidifying the litter has also helped to reduce losses. It is recommended that any outdoor access flock receives two applications of vaccine during growing with at least a
- field report -
FIELD REPORT
four-week interval in between. Either two applications of the live PM-One strain vaccine by wingweb or one PMOne and one tetravalent bacterin by injection is advised. Preventative water sanitation efforts, litter acidification, prompt dead bird removal, the use of the Danish Entry System for people entering the houses, and reduced exposure to wildlife and farm animals is also advised. Focal Ulcerative Dermatitis Syndrome This syndrome remains a mystery as to its cause. Western Ohio has been the site of most of the flocks since 2009. Prior to 2019, all the flocks were brown egg layers but white, cage-free layers were found with the syndrome in late 2019. An ulcer in the middle of the back occurs spontaneously, growing larger to expose underlying tissues, then allows entry of bacteria like E. coli that develops into a septicemia with death. Losses of up to 50% have been observed. The syndrome may start at any time during egg production and losses may continue weekly for 10 to 20 weeks. Extensive testing of lesions has yet to determine the causative agent. Egg Drop Syndrome Update Three sites in Lancaster County PA were involved with an EDS outbreak in 2018. Since then, the multi-age complex continues to suffer losses as it was not depopulated and the non-clinically affected white egg layers on the complex are infected as well. The losses have become less severe and molting at the first sign of the young layers entering the complex has improved results. The challenge level may be subsiding over time even without vaccination.
Autogenous vaccine production has not been successful as yet. A fourth site of single aged birds in Lancaster County was identified as serologically positive in 2019 from routine surveillance with no clinical signs. Bedbugs Cage-free operations that are infested with bedbugs in the Northeast and Midwest US have been reported and concerns for house worker, bird movement, and other persons transfer of bedbugs to their dwellings is high. Some egg producers have been rejected by crews for consideration for moving their birds that have bedbugs. Elimination of the bugs requires facility depopulation and either heat or chemical treatment.
Summary In all the above infectious problems affecting pullets and layers, continual increased investment in biosecurity training, planning, communication to all players, and physical methods are needed to aid in reducing their spread into flocks. Reliance on vaccines is not effective in many cases due to the lack of a vaccine or the lack of vaccine effectiveness against pathogens that have mutated and become different than the vaccine strains. Maintaining good overall health and environmental conditions, including gut health, aids in helping flocks resist disease challenges as well. From the Proceedings of the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention - 2021
Want to know which drinking nipple best suits your poultry? 50
year
s
Download our guide at impex nl
- june 2021 -
15
FOCUS
A review of novel biological alternatives to antibiotic therapies in poultry As poultry producers in Australia continue to limit antibiotic use, increasing numbers of alternative therapies and chemical biosecurity products are being used to overcome intensive farming stressors. These interventions tend to be chemically based and can lead to resistance if used incorrectly. The current paper investigates natural alternatives to some of these interventions and discusses if nature can suggest a more sympathetic solution for the bird and the environment while remaining biologically effective. A.M. Laery and A. Turney Lallemand Animal Nutrition
16
Antibiotic stewardship and the judicious use of antibiotics as treatment for specific disease occurrences, rather than using sub-therapeutic doses for growth promotion, are well established concepts within the Australian poultry industry. Intensive production systems how-
- focus -
FOCUS
ever, are prone to increased stressors and large scale production does not always meet the individual needs of each bird. Optimising production performance within this environment requires maintaining a healthy bird, which in turn is dependent on the bird having a healthy gut and immune system. Gut health is reliant on three critical areas: 1) the chicken’s immunity; 2) the diet fed to the chicken, whether feed meets the chicken’s nutritional requirements, and how feed is manufactured, and 3) the complexity and health of the chicken’s commensal bacteria along with the transient and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. However, a fourth area is also important – the litter the birds are raised on. Litter is critical because the microflora within the litter influence and are influenced by the microflora in the chicken’s digestive system. All of these factors will determine if the bird remains healthy. If one or more are disturbed, there is an increasing risk the bird’s health will be affected. While the diet has been extensively studied and can be manufactured to meet the changing needs of the growing bird, the same control is not as easily achieved for the host physiology and microbiota. This paper will investigate how natural processes can be utilized in commercial situations to optimise the health of the chicken and reduce the risk of requiring antibiotic intervention.
Competitive exclusion Our understanding of the gut microbiota in humans and in chickens has increased dramatically in the past de-
cade. We know that only 1% of DNA we carry is human with the rest attributed to the microbiota, now regarded as another organ of the human body. The contribution of the microbiota and its effect on human, and chicken, physiology and health are only starting to be understood. There is a vast list of factors that affect the viability and population of the chicken microbiome including age, breed, gut region, material factors, sex, feed, housing, hygiene, medication, temperature, litter and geographical location. However, the first and most critical question for commercial poultry is the origin of microflora within commercially hatched and reared birds? Current poultry production, regardless of the production system, is a long way removed from what happens naturally. The most obvious example of this is how modern commercial eggs are brooded in sterile hatcheries rather than under the hen. There are many problems associated with the natural brooding process that limit performance of the chicks, leading to poorer welfare outcomes and higher mortality. However, there may also be some positives that can be adapted to commercial operations. For example, exposure to the hen while eggs are brooded, allows the eggs to be exposed to the hen’s microflora, which in turn means the hatching chicks are also exposed to that microflora as they pip through the eggs. Ultimately this early exposure to a complex, adult hen microflora allows the chick to quickly develop a healthy gut microbiota encouraging improved gut health and immunity. Application onto day old chicks of the full caecal microflora from a healthy adult bird (screened for potential pathogens) may be a solution to this problem. Spraying
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY EXHIBITION
GET TOGETHER IN RIMINI
- june 2021 -
7-8-9 September 2021 RIMINI - ITALY
17
FOCUS
Nutritional additives Many options can be considered when optimising gut health, including phytogenics, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and acidifiers. Often the acidifiers used are organic acids which include lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, formic acid and their associated salts. Acidification in broilers lowers gut pH resulting in improved gut morphology (villi height and crypt depth), localised antimicrobial effects as pathogenic bacteria tend to prefer neutral pH levels, and improved energy and protein digestibility of the diet. Additionally acidification in poultry has been shown to enhance the immune system. There are, however, potential risks associated with use of organic acids in feed or water application. Using excessive levels of acids in the diet can decrease palatability of the diet and reduce feed intake. Additionally application of acids in feeding or drinking systems can cause corrosion of steel equipment. Finally natural tolerance or resistance to acidification has been suggested in some pathogens including E. coli. A possible alternative to this application is biological acidification. In this case the animal is given, through drinking water or feed, a specific bacterium, Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18/5M, which exclusively and quickly produces a large amount of lactic acid (L+) throughout the digestive system in the chicken. In this case acidification occurs within the lumen and mucosal brush border where the nutrients are being absorbed. Application with such a bacteria provides all the benefits of acidification, improved feed nutrient digestibility, local immune modulation, gut maturity and gut pH reduction, in a natural way.
18
Developing an environmental positive biofilm Often in poultry production biofilms on housing surfaces or in water systems are discussed due to their negative influence on bird health. Biofilms form when one or more microorganisms adhere to a surface and begin to colonise. As part of this colonization they produce an extracellular polymeric matrix that protects the microbes and allows them to grow and reproduce. This protection can also be effective against attempts to clean and sanitise surfaces in farm environments. Studies have shown that, if pathogens are not protected by a biofilm matrix, they are easily susceptible to disinfectants. However, bacteria protected by a biofilm and treated with the same disinfectants can be 10 to 1000 times more resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics than isolated bacteria. Commercially, producers attempt to control biofilms by cleaning with detergents and then disinfecting the housing and equipment surfaces. However, this reduces, but does not eliminate biofilms, which will rapidly regrow using remaining bacteria or opportunistic bacteria from within the housing. One method used to overcome the challenge associated with unknown biofilms is to populate the housing and equipment with a positive biofilm. By applying a specifically designed positive biofilm developed for its ability to adhere to farm building surfaces it is possible to create a protective biofilm of highly concentrated positive bacteria as selected Pediococcus species (Figure 1). This will limit the opportunity for pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria to develop through competitive exclusion. While application with positive biofilms may not completely remove any negConcentration of Pediococcus spp. on surface swabs 5 4.5 4
*
3.5
Log CFU/m2
chicks at the hatchery, or on arrival at the farm, while they are preening gives similar exposure as pipping through the eggs in the natural environment. The backyard hens originally selected to donate their caecal contents were healthy, isolated, non-medicated mature hens. Further research has shown that applying the complex caecal microflora to day old chicks results in consistent resistance to colonisation by Salmonella, a range of pathogenic E. coli and necrotic enteritis. In fact the effectiveness of each batch of this caecal microflora product is tested using a biological model that challenges birds with Salmonella and only if a reduction is achieved of at least 99.97% in colonization, compared to a control, is the batch of product released for commercial use.
3
*
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Day 1
Day 4 Control
Positive Biofilm
Figure 1 – Evolution of beneficial bacteria populations in the sow farrowing room after application with a positive biofilm. Day 0 corresponds to the entry of the sows (Turney et al., 2018).
- focus -
FOCUS
ative bacteria, research has shown it is possible to reduce the areas of high and medium contamination (Figure 2). Level of contamination within a piglet rearing house 4 3.5 3 2.5 2
b
include a combination of enzymes with a positive bacterial consortium. The enzymes are used to breakdown complex bedding materials into fermentable sugars used as a nutrient source for the bacteria. The bacteria, in turn, positively ferment the organic litter reducing ammonia emissions and therefore improving odour in the shed, and increasing the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which competitively excludes pathogenic bacteria. The result is an environment that is safer and lower in ammonia.
1.5 1
Conclusion
a
0.5 0
Staphylococcus spp. - Day Staphylococcus spp. - Day Steptococcus spp. - Day 1 Steptococcus spp. - Day 4 1 4 Control
Treatment
Figure 2 – Evolution of negative bacteria populations in the sow farrowing room after application with a positive biofilm. Day 0 corresponds to the entry of the sows (Turney et al., 2018).
Manure management Management of litter and manure in poultry sheds is critical to animal health and welfare. Indeed some welfare guidelines are very specific about the requirements of litter in broiler sheds to be dry and friable. Maintenance of litter quality in broiler sheds or layers on deep litter reduces humidity in the shed, improves air quality and allows better thermal insulation which ultimately produces higher performance from the birds. Using natural processes to optimize the quality of the litter is a novel solution to improving production performance. Types of actives that could be considered in this situation
Poultry producers have developed environments and processes that place many unnatural challenges on a chicken while still aiming for maximum performance. Stressors come from a variety of avenues and place considerable strain on birds at all life stages. Most conventional therapies revolve around “treatments” or cleaning as the solution and fail to work biologically with the animal in its production environment. There are a range of biological solutions that can be utilised in modern production systems to assist in managing the various stressors upon livestock. These include competitive exclusion, microbiological acidification and manure additives and positive biofilms on environmental surfaces. The pressure from consumers to reduce our reliance on antibiotic treatments and vaccines can be achieved by introducing more biological and natural based solutions to help solve conventional production challenges. References are available on request From the Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium - 2021
What is the best part of your job?
Palletiser 110
Automatic palletising system • Capacity 40,000 eggs per hour • Reduce collection time and labor • Small footprint • Maximize focus on egg inspection and quality
Invest in yourself!
- june 2021 -
www.prinzen.com
19
MARKETING
The impacts of the red-white-shift in global meat production on meat trade A preceding paper (Zootecnica International 5/2021) documented the changes in global meat production between 1970 and 2019. The dynamics was characterised as a red-white-shift, meaning a growing importance of poultry meat and a decreasing importance of cattle and pig meat. In this paper, the impacts of the changes in production on trade with the three most important meat types will be analysed. 52.3% in the analysed time period. In contrast, pig meat exports grew from 1.7 mill. t to 19.1 mill. t or by 1,027.7%, that of poultry meat from 0.5 mill. t to almost 20 mill. t or by 3,731.5%. While the share of the exported cattle meat in production decreased from 3.4% (1970) to 2.9% (2019), it increased from 4.8% to 17.4% in pig meat and from 3.5% to 15.2% in poultry meat. The data shows the competition between pig and poultry meat. The preceding paper showed that the differences in meat production between the continents resulted from religious barriers, production costs and the changes in the per capita consumption. The dynamics of exports and imports reflects the three main steering factors.
Large differences between continents in exports
Considerable differences in trade with meat types
Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst The author is scientific director of the WING at the Hannover Veterinary University and Prof. emeritus of the University of Vechta, Germany
20
A comparison of the development in meat trade with cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat between 1970 and 2019 shows a parallel in the remarkable increase of pig meat and poultry meat trade while the trade volume of cattle meat grew much slower (Figure 1). The export volume of cattle meat increased from 1.3 mill. t to 2.0 mill. t or by
- marketing -
When going down from the global to the continent level, large differences between the dynamics in the single continents become obvious. Between 1970 and 2019, the global exports of pig meat increased by 14.9 mill. t, those of poultry meat by 17.3 mill. t. Table 1 reveals that Europe had the highest export volumes in pig meat as well as in poultry meat, followed by North America in pig meat and by South America in poultry meat. Figure 2 documents the steep increase of South America’s poultry meat exports. This is above all a result of the development in
MARKETING
20.000
[1,000 t]
15.000
10.000
5.000
0
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 1 – The development of the global cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat exports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S.Kauer, based on FAO data).
A comparison of the dynamics in the two American sub-continents reveals that until 2014 also in North America poultry meat exports were higher than pig meat exports (Figure 3) but from then on pig meat reached the top position. This change was a consequence of the import stops for poultry meat by many countries after the massive Avian Influenza outbreaks in the Midwest in 2015 (Windhorst 2016). The fast growth of the pig meat exports resulted from the sharp production decrease in China and several other countries in East and Southeast Asia following the outbreaks of the African swine fever since the middle of the past decade. 5.000
3.750
poultry meat exporting country and beside the USA could profit in particular from the growing demand for this meat
[1,000 t]
Brazil, which within two decades became the leading
type. In 2019, Brazil exported poultry meat to more than
1.250
120 countries. Table 1 – The development of pig meat and poultry meat exports between 1970 and 2019 at continent level, data in 1,000 t (Source: own calculations based on FAO data). Continent
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Africa
24
95
Asia
-86
2,838
Europe
9,511
6,734
North America
4,018
3,317
South America
1,198
4,221
14,942
17,285
0
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 3 – The development of North America’s cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat exports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
In Asia, too, poultry meat exports increased considerably since the middle of the 1990s (Figure 4). The tsunami catastrophe in 2014 caused a severe reduction of the export volumes. In the following years, the steep growth continued and reached a preliminary maximum with 3.3 mill. t in 2018. To this, Thailand contributed about 1.2 mill. t, China 0.65 mill. t.
5.000
4.000
3.750
3.000
2.500
1.250
0
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
[1,000 t]
[1,000 t]
World
2.500
2.000
1.000
0
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
Pig meat
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
Poultry meat
Figure 2 – The development of South America’s cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat exports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 4 – The development of Asia’s cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat exports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
- june 2021 -
21
MARKETING
The fast increase of retail prices for pig meat caused a shift in the shopping behaviour of the consumers. They refrained from buying the expensive pig meat and turned to the cheaper poultry meat, which from 2017 on was then in a top position again. 7.000
5.250
[1,000 t]
Europe’s poultry meat exports increased continuously in the analysed time-period, in particular between 2010 and 2019. In this decade, the export volume grew from 4.7 mill. t to 8.1 mill. t or by 71.7%. The remarkable dynamics was to a high degree a result of the high growth rates in the Netherlands, Poland, Germany and Belgium. Poland’s export volume increased from 0.44 mill. t in 2010 to 1.61 mill. t in 2019, made possible through considerable capital investments from other EU member countries.
Large differences between continents also in imports
3.500
1.750
As could be expected, the development of global imports reflects the situation in exports (Figure 5). The import volume of pig meat was, however, higher than that of poultry meat from 2014 on. This is a result of China’s fast increasing imports. The country lost about 30% of its pig meat production because of the African swine fever outbreaks. From the increasing demand, North American and EU member countries profited most. 20.000
10.000
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 6 – The development of Asia’s cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat imports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
By far the highest growth rates in poultry meat imports over the past five decades showed Africa (Figure 7). While in 1970 only 5,000 t were imported, imports reached an almost forty times higher volume towards the end of the last decade. Countries with the highest imports in 2019 were South Africa (539,000 t), Angola (279,000 t), Ghana (153,000 t) and the Dem. Rep. of Congo (131,000 t). 2.200
5.000
0
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
1.650 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 5 – The development of the global cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat imports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
Of the 6.8 mill. t of pig meat which Asian countries imported in 2019, China alone shared 3.1 mill. t, Japan 1.4 mill. t, Hong Kong and the Republic of Korea 0.7 mill. t each. The poultry meat imports reached a volume of almost 7 mill. t in 2019. Japan imported 1.4 mill. t, China and Hong Kong 0.8 mill. t each, S. Arabia and the United Arab Emirates 0.7 mill. t each. For several decades, Asia’s poultry meat imports were much higher than those of pig meat. With the outbreaks of the African swine fever, imports of pig meat became necessary to meet the demand of the population (Figure 6).
22
[1,000 t]
[1,000 t]
15.000
0
1.100
550
0
1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Figure 7 – The development of Africa’s cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat imports between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer, based on FAO data).
A comparison of the development of the export respectively import volumes between 1970 and 2019 (Tables 1 and 2) reveals some remarkable differences. In contrast to exports, North and South America played only a minor role in imports.
- marketing -
MARKETING
Table 2 – The development of global pig meat and poultry meat imports between 1970 and 2019 at continent level, data in 1,000 t (source: own calculations based on FAO data). Continent
Pig meat
Poultry meat
390
1,824
Asia
6,253
5,968
Europe
5,584
5,050
North America
385
274
South America
358
370
14,700
15,299
Africa
World
World leader in fan efficiency
Across the entire pressure range, at any speed, any airflow and any supply voltage, MagFan™ comes out top of the charts in Bess Lab testing, by a wide margin!
Their production was much higher than the domestic demand, which enabled high exports. Europe and Asia had a similar position in imports. In poultry meat imports, Africa ranked in third place. This documents the constantly growing demand for this meat type in South Africa and the Islamic countries in Northern Africa. In Europe, the import volumes of pig meat and poultry meat increased to more than 5 mill. t. The gap in the import volumes narrowed, however, from 3.1 mill. t (2010) to 2.2 mill. t (2019). This reflects on the one hand the faster growth of poultry meat production, on the other, the decreasing per capita consumption of pig meat and the increase in poultry meat.
Which were the main steering factors behind the dynamics in meat trade? The preceding analysis could document the parallel development in the increase of the export and import volumes of pig meat and poultry meat between 1970 and 2019. When focusing on the decade between 2010 and 2019, it becomes obvious that the trade volume of poultry meat increased faster than that of pig meat. This has a parallel in the development of production as could be shown in the first paper. What caused the different dynamics in the past decade? Threshold and developing countries played a decisive role in the trade dynamics. Their fast population growth and the higher availability of financial means to buy food led to a continuous increase in meat demand. If it could not be met by domestic production, imports became necessary. Another steering factor was the growing number of fast food restaurants in the urban centres. In countries in which religious barriers prohibited the consumption of cattle meat and pig meat, poultry meat reached a dom-
+45 75771922 | mail@dacs.dk | www.dacs.dk
- june 2021 -
23
MARKETING
inating position (Table 3). Between 1990 and 2019, the global consumption of poultry meat increased four times faster than that of cattle meat and three times faster than that of pig meat. While the average per capita consumption of cattle meat decreased and only grew by 1.4 kg or 14.2% in pig meat, it increased by 8.8 kg or 147.5% in poultry meat. Table 3 – The development of the total global consumption and the per capita consumption of cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat between 1990 and 2029 (source: OECD Agricultural Outlook 2019 - 2029). Total consumption (1,000 t)
Perspectives In their Agricultural Outlook for 2029, OECD and FAO project an increase of cattle meat and poultry meat exports and imports and a decrease for pig meat (Table 4).
Per capita consumption (kg/year)
Year
Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
1990
48,202
63,494
34,528
6.56
9.69
5.96
2000
58,775
89,209
67,720
6.73
11.38
9.75
2010
65,015
100,185
100,185
6.57
12.25
12.73
2019
70,474
104,245
128,758
6.42
11.09
Increase
22,272
40,751
94,230
-0.14
46.2
64.2
272.9
-2.1
Change %
In 2019, the global average price per tonne of imported poultry meat was 635 US-$ lower than for pig meat and even 2,345 US-$ lower than for cattle meat. The considerable decrease in the average value per imported tonne in 2000 reflects the economic and financial crisis in Asia.
Table 4 – Projected development of the exports and imports of cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat between 2020 and 2029 (source: OECD Agricultural Outlook 2019 - 2029). Export (1,000 t)
Import (1,000 t)
Year
Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
Cattle meat
Pig meat
Poultry meat
14.75
2020
12,297
10,976
15,155
12,018
10,734
14,285
1.40
8.79
2029
13,158
10,244
16,766
12,880
10,002
15,897
14.4
147.5
Change 1,000 t
861
732
1,611
862
-732
1,612
Change %
7.0
-6.7
10.6
7.1
-6.8
11.3
Poultry meat producers were better able to adapt to the new situation than cattle and pig meat producers. The short succession of generations enabled a fast production increase in the leading export countries. Another advantage was the lower production costs because of the far better feed conversion rate in comparison to cattle and pig fattening. This resulted in lower prices for the consumers, which also explains the remarkable dynamics in poultry meat trade (Figure 8).
The projected decrease of pig meat trade can be attributed to the recovering production in East and Southeast Asia. Poultry meat will be able to strengthen its position in production, consumption and trade. OECD and FAO expect an increase in poultry meat production from 132.1 mill. t (2020) to 145.7 mill. t (2029) and a growth of the export volume from 15.2 mill. t to 16.8 mill. t. This documents that also in the present decade the shift from red to white meat will continue.
5.000
Data sources and additional literature 3.750
[US-$]
FAO database: www.fao.org./faostat. OECD-FAO: Agricultural Outlook 2019 – 2029. https:// stats.oecd.org.
2.500
1.250
0
1970
1980
Cattle meat
1990
Pig meat
2000
Poultry meat
2010
2019
Figure 8 – The development of the average import prices per t for cattle meat, pig meat and poultry meat between 1970 and 2019 (design: A.S. Kauer based on FAO data).
24
Windhorst, H.-W.: Economic impacts of the AI-outbreaks in the USA in 2015. A final evaluation of the epizootic disaster. In: Zootecnica International 38 (2016), no. 7, pp. 34-39. Windhorst, H.-W.: The red-white shift in global meat production. In: Zootecnica international 43 (2021), no. 5, pp.32-37.
- marketing -
ROSS 308
MARKETING
DELIVERS • Excellent FCR • Outstanding Chick Output • First-Class Welfare Traits
Visit www.aviagen.com/Ross to learn how Ross® 308 will deliver for you.
- june 2021 -
25
TECHNICAL COLUMN
Variable speed tunnel fans
©www.midwestlivestock.com
Since October 2017, a study has been underway to examine the use of variablespeed tunnel fans to reduce fan operating cost. The study is being conducted on a two-house broiler-breeder farm in Northwest Georgia.
Michael Czarick, The University of Georgia
26
The 40’ x 500’ curtain-sided houses were constructed in the mid 1990’s and were originally equipped with eight 48” slant-wall fans and two 36” side-wall exhaust fans. In one of the houses, six, 55”, direct-drive, variable-speed Skov BlueFans were installed and four of the original 48” fans were left in the place for back-up purposes. Each of the 55” fans was equipped with a “speed controller” that allows the speed of the fans to be adjusted between 60 and 100% of their tested full speed. Fan operation was controlled through the house’s Choretime C2 environmental controller which sent on/ off signals to a Skov “control box” which in
- technical column -
turn activated each fan’s speed controller as needed. The initial speed of each of the six 55” fans (340 rpm or 62%) was set so the fans would move the same amount of air as one of the existing 48” fans (approximately 16,000 cfm). This was done so that when the controller in the house with the variable-speed fans turned on a “tunnel” fan, it moved the same amount of air as a 48” fan in the adjacent house (Table 1). When the controller asked for a seventh tunnel fan, the speed of the six variable-speed fans was increased to match the air mov-
TECHNICAL COLUMN
Table 1 – Breeder house environmental controller settings and power usage. Fixed-speed 48” fans “On” Temperature (F)
Variable-speed 55” fans Total Tunnel Fan Power Usage (watts)
“On” Temperature
Total Tunnel Fan Power Usage (watts)
55” Fans #1 - #6 (100%)
83.0
8,160
Evap. cooling pads
81.0
Evap. cooling pads
81.0
48” Fan #8
79.0
8,053
55” Fans #1 - #6 (82%)
79.0
4,558
48” Fan #7
78.5
7,056
55” Fans #1 - #6 (71%)
78.5
3,137
48” Fan #6
77.0
6,168
55” Fan #6 (62%)
77.0
2,104
48” Fan #5
75.5
5,056
55” Fan #5 (62%)
75.5
1,753
48” Fan #4
74.5
4,092
55” Fan #4 (62%)
74.5
1,269
Transition to Tunnel
74.0
Transition to Tunnel
74.0
48” Fan #3
73.5
2,900
55” Fan #3 (62%)
73.5
975
48” Fan #2
72.0
2,065
55” Fan #2 (62%)
72.0
590
48” Fan #1 + 36” fan
69.0
974
55” Fan #1 (62%)+36” fan
69.0
320
Set Temperature
68.0
Set Temperature
ing capacity of seven 48” fans (395 rpm or 71%, approximately 19,000 cfm). Similarly, when the controller asked for an eighth tunnel fan, the speed of the six 55” fans was increased to match the air-moving capacity of eight 48” fans (450 rpm or 82%, approximately 23,000 cfm). In the conventional house with all eight 48” fans operating, and the test house with the six 55” fans operating at 82% the air speed, the air speed in the scratch area was approximately 480 ft/min and 300 ft/min on the slats in both houses. Though the six 55” fans were capable of moving roughly 30% more air than the eight 48” fans (approximately 174,000 vs. 128,000 cfm) when operating at 100% of their rated speed, the environmental controller was set only to allow this to occur if house temperatures exceeded 83 °F. The downside of the six fans operating at full speed was that the total fan power usage increased to approximately 8,100 watts, essentially the same amount of power used by eight 48” fans, thus eliminating any potential power savings. It is important to note that the objective of the study was not to increase the air speed in the house with the new fans, but to match the air-moving capacity of the existing ventilation system with dramatically more energy efficient fans. Broiler-breeders were placed on the farm at the beginning of October 2017 and were removed at the end of
68.0
July 2018. Each of the tunnel fans was equipped with a power meter which was connected to an online data logging system which recorded power usage on a 15 minute-basis over the course of the flock. In both houses, the environmental controllers were programmed according to poultry company guidelines. The “tunnel” fans were used when the house was both in side-wall-inlet mode as well as tunnel-ventilation mode. Minimum ventilation was provided by operating a “tunnel” fan along with a single side wall 36” fan operating on a five-minute-interval timer. Power usage of the 36” fan was not recorded. The 55” variable-speed fans performed very well over the course of the flock with only one minor issue. Originally after a fan would shut off, it would take over 30 seconds for the motorized fan shutter to completely close. Though this was not an issue during the summer, during cooler weather it resulted in lower temperatures in the vicinity of the tunnel fans. Approximately two months into the flock, a slight modification was made to the motorized shutters to decrease the closing time to approximately 15 seconds. The latest version of the fan’s motorized shutter is designed to close in approximately 10 seconds. No problems were encountered related to variable speed control aspect of the fans. Despite the fans not being cleaned, there was no sig-
- june 2021 -
27
TECHNICAL COLUMN
nificant decrease in air speed in the house with the 55” direct drive, variable-speed fans over the course of the flock. The same could not be said about the air speed in the house equipped with 48” fans, which decreased approximately 20% (410 ft/min in scratch area, 215 ft/min on the slats) over the course of the flock. Roughly 5% of the reduction in air speed could be attributed to belt wear; 15% was attributed to dust accumulation on the fan shutters. One interesting difference between the two houses noted by the farm owner was that when the 55” variable-speed fans were operating at 340 rpm, moving the same amount of air as a 48” fan, they were much quieter than the 48” fans. In fact, he commented that most of the time he couldn’t tell from just listening when he entered the house if any fans were operating. When all six 55” fans were operating at near full speed, the fan sound level in the two houses was similar. The variable speed fans used approximately 65% less power from October through April, which decreased to 43% during July (Figure 1). The higher reductions in power usage were obtained during the cooler months because the six 55” variable speed tunnel fans were always operating in their most energy-efficient mode, namely running at 62%, moving 16,000 cfm.
Figure 1 – Monthly tunnel fan power usage.
In the spring, power savings decreased as temperatures started to climb during the day. At night, when generally less than six fan was operating, power usage was reduced by 65%. But, during the afternoons when the equivalent of seven or eight 48” fans were often required to keep the birds comfortable, power savings were reduced to between 40 and 50% (Figure 2). During June and July
28
when the variable speed fans operated most of the day and night in the higher output modes (moving the same amount of air as seven or eight 48” fans), power savings were further reduced to between 40 and 45%.
Figure 2 – Hourly tunnel fan power usage (May 8 - May 9).
One complicating factor as noted previously was that when house temperatures exceeded 83 °F, the 55” variable speed fans were programmed to operated at 100% of their rated speed. Though this increased the average air speed in the house by roughly 30% compared to what was seen in the house with the 48” fans, the downside was that total fan power usage increased to 8,160 watts, which was the same as the amount of power used by the eight 48” fans in the adjacent house and as a result there were no power savings during these periods of time. Over the course of the flock, there were 96 hours when the six fans operated at 100%, or roughly 1% of the flock. As a result, the overall effect on overall flock fan power usage was minimal and was confined to the months of June and July. Figure 3 shows the total fan operating cost over the course of the flock calculated from the power usage of fans multiplied by the cost of power per Kw-hr, which varied from low of $0.065 during February to a high of $0.135 during June and July. Over the course of the flock the average power cost was calculated to be $0.105 per Kw-hr. As expected, total fan operating costs were low in the cooler months due to the combination of minimal fan runtimes and very low electricity rates. During the summer months, daily fan operating costs increased approximately tenfold due to the majority of fans operating long hours each day and the fact that electrical rates were approximately twice that compared to the cooler months. The total flock fan operating cost can be found in Table 2.
- technical column -
TECHNICAL COLUMN
Figure 3 – Daily tunnel fan power operating cost in both breeder houses over flock.
Cage Cage Free Free
An adjusted fan operating cost is provided in the table to illustrate what the operating cost would have been had the variable-speed fans been not allowed to operate at 100%, thus keeping the maximum air speed/air exchange rates in both houses identical Table 2 – Flock tunnel fan operating cost. Breeder house
Flock operating cost ($0.105 per Kw-hr)
Percent reduction
$1,880
-
$892
53%
$874
54%
48” Fans 55” Variable speed fans 55” Variable speed fans (corrected for times when fans operated at 100%)
Table 3 illustrates the projected flock fan operating costs assuming fixed electrical rates of $0.10, $0.15, and $0.20 per Kw-hr.
60 years of experience in cage free and free range 60 years of experience in projects all over the world! cage free and free range projects all over the world!
Table 3 – Yearly tunnel fan operating costs at power rates of $0.10, $0.15, and $0.20 per Kw-hr. Breeder house 48” Fans 55” Variable speed fans Savings
$0.10 per Kw-hr
$0.15 per Kw-hr
$0.20 per Kw-hr
$1,880
$2,819
$3,758
$837
$1,256
$1,675
$1,043
$1,563
$2,083
Contact us
Contact us At the current power rate, the use of the variable-speed 55” fans reduce fan operating costs over the 48” fans by roughly $1,000, or 54%. As with most breeder farms, fan operating costs will be affected by when a flock is placed. Since this flock was removed in essentially the middle of
- june 2021 -
Marsango di Campo San Martino Padova - Italy +39 049 9698111 Marsango di Campo San Martino www.facco.net - info@facco.net Padova - Italy +39 049 9698111 www.facco.net - info@facco.net
29
TECHNICAL COLUMN
There is little doubt that in the future, poultry houses will use variable speed tunnel fans. But before they become commonplace there are a still number of questions that must first be answered:
the summer, when the actual dollar savings of the variable speed fans were the highest, the savings were significantly lower than they would have been had the flock not been removed until the winter. Considering the variable-speed fans were saving approximately $10 a day during most of June and July, had the flock remained until the winter, it is easy to see where the savings could have been over $1,500. Another point to consider is that an average electricity rate of approximately $0.10 per kw-hr is relatively low, compared to other areas of the state and country which are often 10 to 20% higher and in some instances, such as California, rates are nearly twice as high. Had the farm been located elsewhere and had the birds been placed in the early spring, a strong argument could be made that the power savings associated with the variable speed fans could have easily saved the producer over $2,000. One last point to consider. The houses on this particular farm did not have a lot of fan capacity compared to most farms built recently. A newer house would tend to have enough fan capacity to obtain an average air speed closer to 600 ft/min than the approximate 400 ft/min seen on this farm. The increased fan capacity required to obtain an air speed of 600 ft/min would result in higher electricity usage and therefore greater dollar savings would be realized through the installation of the variable-speed tunnel fans. That being said, a newer farm would typically be equipped with fans with an energy efficiency rating of over 21 cfm/watt fans compared to the 17 cfm/watt 48” fans installed on this particular farm, which would slightly reduce the overall savings. But keep in mind that the variable speed fans would still dramatically reduce power usage over even a new fan due to the simple fact that they would be operating at an energy efficiency rating of between 30 and 45 cfm/watt and not 21 cfm/watt.
Economics. Though the power savings can be dramatic, variable-speed tunnel fans and their associated controllers can easily cost twice as traditional fixed-speed fans. The return on investment will vary based on a variety of factors such as electricity rates, bird placement date, house operation, house location, new house vs. old house, type of environmental controller, etc. What is the optimal number of variable-speed fans to install? When variable-speed fans operate at full speed they tend not to be that much more energy efficient than many fixed-speed fans. The key to saving energy is installing enough fans. The more fans installed, the fewer hours they will operate at 100%, the greater the power savings. In this particular study the number of fans was determined to ensure that they could move the required amount of air while only operating at roughly 80% of their rated full speed, thus helping to ensure maximum power savings. The downside of course of installing a greater number of fans is that while power savings are maximized, initial cost is increased. Finding the optimal economic balance between these two factors can be difficult. Control. Currently not all poultry house environmental controllers can be easily modified to properly control large numbers of variable-speed fans. For those capable of operating variable-speed tunnel fans there is the challenge of determining at what speeds the fans should be set to operate and at what temperature setting. Do you begin operating the fans at 60%, 65%, or 70%? Do you increase their speed in three, five, or ten stages? What is the maximum speed at which they will be operated, 85%, 95%, 100%? Longevity/Reliability. Though variable-speed fans have been around for decades, the fact is large direct-drive, variable-speed tunnel fans have only been around for a year or two. As with any new product/concept it takes time to determine how long they will last in what can be a fairly challenging environment. Furthermore, will there be any unforeseen problems in a situation where lightning is a near constant threat during the summer months and power quality can be questionable at times. From the Proceedings of the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention - 2020
30
- technical column -
TECHNICAL COLUMN
INFINITY TZC 3
• Essential design • No chicks in the pan! • Regulation of minimun and maximum feed level • Available in caged broilers version
4002 H
4006 H
• 360 degrees opening • Highly strong and durable material • “SOFT” action
• 360 degrees opening • Highly strong and durable material • “EXTRASOFT” action
4260 R
• Suitable for the weaning of turkeys • Facilitates the watering of turkeys from the first hours of life • No waste of water
4626
Suitable for fattening turkeys • Perfectly dry bedding • Simultaneous watering of 2 and more animals •
Nastri PP • Carries Eggs • Egg collection • Manure drying system • Manure belt collection • PP woven egg belts • PP hole egg belts Corti Zootecnici Srl | Via Volta 4, Monvalle (VA) - Italy | Tel. +39 0332 799985 - june 2021 info@cortizootecnici.com | www.cortizootecnici.it
31
TECHNICAL COLUMN
Top climate Lubing System: cooling, humidification and dust removal through water pressure is achieved. The Top climate LUBING system contributes to improving the health and welfare of the animals, especially in laying hen and fattening farms, and also reduces the use of medication.
The Top climate LUBING system is developed to effectively humidify, cool and reduce dust in the air inside the hall, through the principle of direct evaporative cooling. How does the cooling work? By means of high-pressure nozzles, water is finely atomised inside the hall at a pressure of 70 bar. The water spray evaporates immediately, causing the air in the hall to cool and the temperature to drop. By reducing the time the fans are used, the cooling effect saves significant energy.
Benefits at a glance: • fast cooling of halls without wetting; • possibility of increasing humidity to any desired level; • reduction of dust in the air with beneficial effect on the animals’ respiratory organs; • more active animals due to more suitable climate; • uniform temperature distribution; • improved feed conversion rate; • better performance; • less aggression in animal behaviour; • possibility to use the system to wet the shed or spray disinfectants. • possibility to use the LUBING medicine dispenser to spray water with soluble medicines; • possibility to manage several sheds automatically by connection to the LUBING control unit or another climate computer; • constant egg production even in summer; • possibility of operating a single pump in several halls.
Top climate LUBING: how it’s made up • FlexClamp system with brass spray nozzle and pipe support. • Stainless steel couplings, making high-pressure line connections safer. • Stainless steel Press Fix, designed to make fast and secure spray line connections.
During the warm period and after the arrival of young animals, the Top climate LUBING system is also used effectively to increase humidity. The Top climate LUBING system, which is used worldwide, works successfully with all types of ventilation: even in open sheds with little ventilation, a considerable improvement in climatic conditions
• Brass nozzle on stainless steel pipe with welded adapter and plastic clip. • Central filtering unit with integrated medicinal dosing system. • D-Line pumping unit with flanged motor. • Interactive Touch Control unit for controlling and monitoring the pumping unit. • Nozzle line with brass nozzle art. 7340.
32
- technical column -
TECHNICAL COLUMN
VISIT OUR WEBSITE
zootecnicainternational.com FOR A DEEP INSIGHT INTO THE POULTRY INDUSTRY!
COMPANY NEWS INTERVIEWS
NEW PRODUCTS FIELD REPORTS MARKET TRENDS
PROFILES
EVENTS
and latest technical and scientific advances at
zootecnicainternational.com!
- june 2021 -
33
TECHNICAL COLUMN
PolAIR high pressure cooling Due to climate change resulting in longer periods of hot weather, it has become more important to more effectively cool poultry sheds. Growers have a responsibility to provide positive animal-welfare conditions, and over-heated birds are unhappy and unproductive.
There are several options available to control the shed climate, the most popular are pad cooling and high pressure fogging. While both use the same principle of evaporative cooling, there are considerable economic benefits to fogging. The high pressure fogging system itself is a lot more affordable and requires less seasonal maintenance, giving growers a return on their investment in as little as one heatwave. High pressure fogging systems atomize water to a fine fog which evaporates, cooling down the air. With this adiabatic process, the warmth in the air evaporates the fog, lowering the air temperature and raising the relative humidity. In Western Europe, the fresh incoming air is often humid because it is carrying water picked up from the sea.
34
- technical column -
This means that it may not be able to cool as needed by passing through a pad cooling system. After incoming air warms up inside the barn, it can hold more water and makes utilizing a high pressure fogging system to provide the evaporative cooling more effective in our climates. During warm periods, the naturally low relative humidity allows the air to absorb moisture through fogging and that moisture will not cause respiratory problems or make the litter wet because the relative humidity will remain below 80%. The lowering of relative humidity when air is warmed inside the barn is important because then the air can absorb and expel the humidity produced by the chickens and the high pressure fogging system that cools their environment.
TECHNICAL COLUMN
With high pressure fogging, both temperature and humidity can be adequately controlled, and it decreases the quantity of airborne particles, dust, and possible infections in the air. With proper distribution of the nozzles and fog in the shed, an even and fast evaporation will result in a uniform temperature in the shed, especially if the ventilation system provides good air mixing. It is not necessary to place the nozzles directly at the inlets if the ventilation system is operating with appropriate air movement through the shed. When using tunnel inlets during cooling, with disproportional fresh air intake through the gable of the shed, it is important to adjust distribution of the nozzles accordingly. This means that the nozzles in the shed need to be placed proportionally to the inlet air capacity. High quality and more durable high pressure fogging systems use nozzles completely made from high-grade stainless steel. The unique characteristic of the VAL-CO PolAIR is a high-grade stainless steel nozzle producing the finest
fog with the highest possible cooling effect without any precipitation onto surfaces. The nozzles have a nozzle pin and an anti-leak shut off, eliminating any possible dripping after the system is switched off. The nozzle pin is powered by the water pressure. During fogging, the pin spins rapidly, atomizing the water droplets into a fine fog. At the same time, it prevents build-up of calcium and prevents contamination of the nozzle opening. The only non-stainless steel part is the tiny shut off ball, which is made from a chemical resistant elastomer and spring charged to close the nozzle after the pressure has dropped. This prevents leakage from the tubing and wet spots on the floor or crop. PolAIR is famous for its durability and reliability; the system will operate for many years without any issues. The system can operate at pressures of 70 to 105 bar, with poultry sheds usually operating at 70-80 bar. The produced fog will have an average droplet size of 10-15 micron and a nozzle will atomize approximately 6.4 l of water per hour, which is between 2.5 and 3 g water per m3 air.
KEEP UP ON
TRENDS AND CHALLENGES of poultry industry with It’s been 50 years since Zootecnica International started serving the poultry industry and professionals. Today the magazine is edited in three languages (English, Italian and Russian) and delivered monthly in 120 countries, reaching around 30.000 readers all over the world. The target of Zootecnica International includes: farmers, egg producers, breeding companies, hatcheries, feed mills, poultry and egg meat processing companies. Both magazine and website offer a broad overview on the poultry industry, providing in-depth news on international markets, business management, trends and practices in poultry, genetics, incubation, nutrition, veterinary and management.
zootecnicainternational.com
- june 2021 -
35
MANAGEMENT
Tom Tabler, PhD, Extension Professor, Poultry Science; Mississippi State University Extension Service Jessica Wells, Extension Instructor, Poultry Science; Mississippi State University Extension Service Wei Zhai, PhD, Assistant Professor, Poultry Science; Mississippi State University Extension Service
36
Water quality critical to broiler performance Water is the most important nutrient for poultry. Although the necessity of providing a plentiful supply and sufficient access is well understood, the importance of water quality on performance is often misunderstood or neglected. Providing a clean and safe water supply is critical to ensuring that broilers perform at their best.
- management -
MANAGEMENT
Water quality takes on an increasingly valuable role as public concern over antibiotic use in animal feed shifts the poultry industry away from the use of antibiotics. Numerous factors, including equipment, management practices, house environment, and housing type play a role in broiler performance, but water quality may be one of the most critical and least appreciated. Bacteria, molds, fungi, minerals, and water additives interact in the water source and within piping and drinkers to complicate management practices necessary to guarantee the best quality water for optimum performance. Even though 1,000 bacteria per milliliter is the acceptable standard for poultry drinking water, up to 1 million bacteria per milliliter have been found in contaminated water. Ideally, bacteria should not be present in drinking water; their presence often indicates contamination by organic materials. Presence of coliform bacteria in drinking water is typically related to fecal contamination resulting from runoff to surface or ground water supplies. The quality of water will affect water intake by broilers. The pH, hardness, and total dissolved solids (TDS) can all have an effect on consumption patterns. Water with a pH of 7 is neutral; a pH greater than 7 indicates alkalinity, while a pH less than 7 indicates acidity. Water with a low pH can be unpalatable, while high pH water can clog watering systems because of excessive mineral levels, especially calcium and magnesium. Water outside maximum acceptable levels for both high and low pH can negatively impact performance. The degree of water hardness is not usually harmful to poultry, but is typically associated with deposit buildups and scale formation in water system components. Calcium and magnesium are the source of the scale. When water pH is above 7 and either of these minerals is present at more than 60 parts per million, there is likely scale in the water system. This will have to be removed with an acid-type cleaner designed for nipple drinker systems. High levels of TDS cause the most harmful effects in poultry production. Calcium, magnesium, and sodium salts are the primary components that contribute to TDS. In addition to TDS, many wells are affected by high levels of iron, which can lead to increased growth of iron bacteria. Dissolved iron in water that causes stained filters and plumbing fixtures is different from iron bacteria, and the
two should not be confused. Iron bacteria do not cause disease but can be a major nuisance and challenge to poultry growers because they do form a reddish-brown slime that coats the inside of pipes, affects pump action, and plugs drinkers. Daily water intake patterns can be an important indicator of flock performance. Growers often ask, “Should I be concerned if water intake flatlines or does not increase every day?” To address this question, the daily water consumption for 12 flocks of broilers on the same farm was analyzed. Daily mortality was removed from the next day’s bird count so that water consumption reflected the actual bird number and not placement number. Overall, daily water consumption steadily increased, but there were days when usage dropped or remained similar to the previous day’s usage. Therefore, growers should not be overly concerned if, on occasion, water intake declines slightly from one day to the next. However, if the decline lasts for more than one day, it’s time to start looking for the cause. The water intake pattern should be a steady, gradual increase in consumption from placement to harvest, with perhaps an occasional small decrease or plateau. If intake declines for more than a day, check for the following: • drinker line height (too high or too low); • air locks in the water system; • water line pressure incorrect for age of birds; • clogged water filters or drinkers; • dramatic changes in light intensity; • frequent changes in day length; • feed changes or feed outages; • water treatments/additives; • sick birds/too many birds per drinker (result of migration or bird placement numbers). Water quality can change with the seasons, depending on location and water source. In addition, the warm environment inside a broiler house can lead to a rapid replication of microorganisms within the water system. This can result in formation of a biofilm slime in water lines and regulators. Biofilms are composed of many types of bacteria and other organisms that live together in a sticky film inside water lines, regulators, and nipple drinkers. Chlorine and acidifiers such as citric acid have a difficult time removing the biofilm because it protects itself by secreting a thick mucous that is not easily penetrated.
- june 2021 -
37
©www.calgarystampede.com
MANAGEMENT
To combat this situation, many growers use sanitation and acidification practices to maintain water quality for their birds. Sanitation and acidification are two very different approaches that work well as part of a farm’s overall water quality program. However, products used for sanitation and acidification should never be mixed together. When mixed, the different chemicals react to form dangerous gases. Chlorine may be the most popular sanitizer, but there are others that work well, including hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and ozone. Acidifiers are used to maintain pH of the water supply at less than 7 to improve the effectiveness of the sanitizer and reduce bacterial growth. Many integrators have specific water quality programs in place for growers to follow, so visit with your service technician before changing the water treatment program on your farm. The initial microbial content, mineral content, and buffering capacity will determine the type and concentration of sanitizers and acidifiers needed for the water to be treated. A valuable tool to assist with this determination is the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The ORP is one method used to evaluate the ability of a sanitizer to be a strong oxidizer for destroying bacteria, viruses, and other organic material present in water or for reacting with harmful minerals such as iron and manganese. An ORP value in the range of 650 millivolts or greater indicates
38
good quality water that can be effectively sanitized by as little as 2–4 parts per million free chlorine. Naturally occurring oxidizing elements in water, such as oxygen and sulfur, along with chlorine and chromate, can give increased ORP readings, but it is usually only a good sanitizing residual at a favorable pH of 5–7 that gives the most desirable ORP readings of 700–750. Drinking water quality is often an afterthought on many poultry farms. However, a clean, safe water supply can have a huge impact on flock performance. Water quality requires constant monitoring, instead of looking for answers only when bird performance is lacking. A regular water sanitation program on the farm will assist growers in preventing unhealthy environments in their water systems that could result in poor flock performance. If you are having performance issues in your flocks and have ruled out other possibilities, have your water tested for bacterial content and mineral levels. Contaminants in the water supply could be the cause of poor flock performance. Tables of this text and references are available on request Publication 2754 (POD-01-19) – ©Mississippi State University Extension Service. Produced by Agricultural Communications. Extension Service of Mississippi State University, cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture
- management -
MANAGEMENT
YOUR TURNKEY SOLUTION. HIGH QUALITY SINCE 1963
Our reliability and efficiency have enabled us to be internationally recognized over the years. Our poultry sheds are manufactured with the best materials by offering better living environment for the animals. Our equipment provide a high level of productivity and durability. Our 50 years of history.
Our quality stands in the detail - Since 1963. Thanks to all our worldwide customers.
SPEROTTO S.p.A. - POULTRY SHEDS AND EQUIPMENT - june - 0444 461700 - Fax +39 0444 461710 Via Luigi Galvani, 6 - 36066 Sandrigo (VI) Italy 2021 Tel +39 info@sperotto-spa.com - www.sperotto-spa.com
39
MANAGEMENT
Using data to solve problems in broiler breeder male management Modern technology is increasingly being used on breeder farms, creating increases in data generation. This data can be analyzed by the farmer to make smarter decisions to improve flock performance and efficiency. Pieter Oosthuysen Senior Manager, Accounts and Technical (Africa), Cobb Europe
A group of Cobb500™ male
As genetics improve yearly, so will efficiencies and production performance. But are improvements in line with expectations? And how does an operation compare itself to top-performing operations? Comprehensive data collection provides opportunities to predict future performance, supply chain demands, and future results. If the expected outcome is not achieved, then datasets are available to understand the issues. Many breeder farmers are only using paper records and little electronic data. Conversely, some operations generate so much data that it becomes messy. Some data are unreliable due to staff completing tasks hastily such as weighing while also collecting eggs. Good data collection is important since many critical decisions, including feed allocations, are based on reliable bodyweight data. Technology will never replace stockman skills needed for successful flock management. There are many missed op-
40
portunities where farmers/workers have missed vital and negative behavioral signs that affect flock performance. Many consultants offer data analysis services but do not have the experience of stockman skills and breeder management. Interpretation of the data requires local knowledge such as seasonal effects or knowledge of breed-specific behavioral traits. For example, a consultant could state that heavy hens produce fewer chicks. However, the relationship is multifactorial because as hens age, they become heavier and egg production declines. Moreover, chick production is a function of both fertility and hatch of fertile (incubation). Furthermore, fertility is most often attributed to male management, but it is female-related on rare occasions. Objectivity and experience are important when interpreting suboptimal performance data using regression graphs. Comparing performance of a farm to industry standards is a basic first step when analyzing data. It only shows how the farm compares to the industry. Data that can help to improve flock productivity and profitability is key, and with roosters, it is reflected in weight, condition, feed intake, and fertility. In the production of hatching eggs or chicks, reproductive performance is always the main driver. The old adage, “If you can measure, it you can manage it” is very true, but how do you measure a certain biological event that cannot be measured or weighed? First, find a way to quantify it, then work out the measurements, and finally collect the data. For example, how do you know if the males are getting enough feed? How do you know the cause of low early hatchability or poor peak percentage of hatchability? This is where stockman skills are very important because the measurements are subjective but need to be quantified to produce data. In the field case below, the breeder males were over weight and fertility was declining. The production graph indicated the males were heavy and considerably above their weight for target age. At the farm, the condition of the
- management -
MANAGEMENT
males was quantified based on a breast muscle scoring system (Graph 1). The male breast scores are explained in Figure 1. Male fleshing scores at 36 weeks 65%
No of males
70% 53% 35% 18% 0%
10% 1
15% 2
10% 3
0%
4
5
Fleshing Score Graph 1 – Male fleshing scores of a flock considered over weight.
Figure 1 – An explanation of fleshing scores.
POULTRY SPECIAL PLASTIC PACKINGS
In Graph 1, 65% of the males had the desired fleshing score of 3, while 15% of the males were too thin and 10% were emaciated. Only 10% were well developed with a fleshing score of 4, leaving no males with fleshing scores of 5, which would be deemed over weight and unfit for reproduction. This means that 75% of the males were
- june 2021 -
CARFED INTERNATIONAL LTD
Italian headquarters: Piazza Oberdan 3, 20129 Milano (Italy) Italian warehouse: Via Basilicata 10, 20098 San Giuliano Milanese (Italy) Ph.: +39 02 9881140 – Fax: +39 02 98280274 Email: carfed@carfed.it – Website: www.carfed.it UK headquarters: Ground Floor, One George Yard, London EC3V 9DF, England, UK Ph.: + 44. 20. 7660.0987 – Email: carfed@carfed.co.uk
41
MANAGEMENT
in good reproductive fitness condition, indicating they were not overfed. The remaining 25% were off target for 36 weeks of age, indicating that they may not be receiving enough feed, although they appeared “over weight.” Based on the bodyweight data alone, it appears the males were underfed to control the weight. This demonstrates the difference between weight and size the farmer experienced. Therefore, we increased the feed and fertility began improving. Table 1 shows the fleshing target table based on ages. Table 1 – Optimum fleshing scores for males. Age Weeks
1
4
5
Fleshing Score (Weighted average)
2
2.5
3
20
25%
50%
25%
2.50
25
15%
55%
30%
2.60
30
5%
60%
35%
2.65
35
3%
60%
35%
2%
2.70
40
1%
53%
40%
6%
2.80
45
1%
50%
40%
9%
2.85
50
45%
43%
12%
2.90
55
40%
45%
15%
2.95
60
30%
55%
15%
3.00
tion. This would indicate that these males were removed. The remaining males with a score of 3 reached a point at 35 to 40 weeks where they rapidly increased fleshing scores of 4 and 5, with a corresponding decline in score 3 males. This is the result of early and rapid increases in feed allocation through 32 weeks. Ideally, 70% of males should score 3 as long as possible for optimal fertility. In Graph 2, hatchability data was graphed with the fleshing scores. It is interesting to note that the decline in hatchability began around the same time as the decline in score 3 and corresponding increases in scores 4 and 5. This indicated that the males became too heavy to continue mating, and over time the hatchability declined as the males developed bigger breast muscles. Using the data, it was ascertained that males were overfed in early production (23 to 32 weeks). Therefore, future feed intakes can be adjusted to control early muscle development and improve the hatchability through conditioning males after 40 weeks. Another important key performance indicator of males is their weekly weight gain. After 32 weeks, they should gain very little weight (20 g to 25 g per week), and even large males should continue to grow. In Graph 3, the males had good weekly weight gains after 30 weeks for a few weeks, and at around 35 weeks, the weight gains ceased abruptly.
In another case study of declining hatchability, the farmer collected and kept weekly breast scoring records for each house. There were 23 houses totaling 15,000 males represented in the data (Graph 2).
Comparison of male weight gain and fertility 300,00
99% 97% 95% 93%
200,00
91% 89%
Comparison of male condition and hatchability percentage
87%
100,00
90,0
85% 83% 80%
% of males
67,5
78%
'-
76% 74%
45,0
'(100,00)
72% 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
F15 weekly gain
22,5 0,0
22.5 25.5 28.5 31.5 34.5 37.5 40.5 43.5 46.5 49.5 52.5 55.5
Std gain
70%
Fertility %
Graph 3 – Insufficient weight gain has a negative effect on fertility of 6 flocks and 3,000 males.
Age
Score 1
Score 2
Score 3
Score 4
Score 5
Average hatch %
Cobb Std Hatch %
Graph 2 – Hatchability and male fleshing conditions of 23 flocks and 15,000 males.
Graph 2 indicated that the males develop rather fast in their fleshing scores from 23 to 35 weeks of age. The scores 3 and 4 increased too rapidly. The thinner males with scores 1 and 2 were well managed since their numbers declined and remained a small portion of the popula-
42
At that point, they started losing conditioning, so much so that by 40 weeks, they were losing weight. The decline in growth or weekly gains after week 36 had a direct impact on the percentage of fertility, which dropped by 4%. As seen in these examples, it is important to record measurable performance data. When there is a sudden change in production, the data can be used to identify the cause and prevent it from recurring in future flocks.
- management -
MANAGEMENT
I WANT
AZA! QUALITY MADE IN ITALY
Leader in pig & poultry equipment
PRATIKA
Lower bottom pan from one-day old to slaughtering age. Six feed level adjustments. COMPETITIVE PRICE. Specific model for cages on request. The feed level adjustment is
THE BROILER FEED PAN
FULLY AUTOMATIC
ONE SECOND to open the pan for complete and fast washing.
DUO
Only one winching system for two lines. More space in the shed. Designed from one-day old to slaughtering age. The adjustment of the feed and water level is
THE PERFECT COUPLING BETWEEN FEED AND WATER FOR BROILERS
AUTOMATIC
- june 2021 -
Via Roma 29, 24030 Medolago (BG) Italy - Phone +39 035 901240 - info@azainternational.it www.azainternational.it
43
NUTRITION
Fatty acids in ABF poultry production: a nutritionist’s perspective The beneficial role of short-chain fatty acids and medium chain fatty acids on gut health and reducing pathogen colonization has been well documented over the past decade.
©Mangimi Checcarini ricerca ed analisi
Since poultry feed could be a major source for Salmonella introduction to the farms, the direct addition of formic acid, propionic acid to feed and the resultant pathogenic load was investigated. Some of the published work exploring effect of MCFA on Salmonella control is summarized in Table 3.
Reza Poureslami, Ph.D., Purina Animal Nutrition rpoureslami@landolakes.com
44
Short chain fatty acids (Table 1) are volatile fatty acids produced by the fermentative activity of the endogenous microflora in chickens including formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In old research, SCFAs were attributed to inhibit the growth of Salmonella. Over past decade, formic acid, propionic, and butyric acid have been studied widely by various research groups. Propionic and butyric acids decrease the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas acetic acid and formic acid do not have this effect.
- nutrition -
Some literature suggested that, individual additions of these SCFAs did not significantly reduce the Salmonella shedding by birds, resulting in the commercial propagation of mixtures of propionic and formic acids. The antimicrobial properties of these mixtures were investigated in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract in chickens. In a study with broilers, Hinton and Linton (1988) observed that formic-propionic acid mixture at 0.5 and 0.68% w/w decreased S. Kedougou substantially between the control (22/27 positive) and treated (1/30 positive) groups. In another study, a significant 2.5 log reduction in cecal S. Typhimurium counts at 14-days of age, and >3.5 log reduction at 21-days of age were observed by the addition of 1% mix of propionate and formate in chicken diets. In addition, when chickens received a mixture of formic and propionic acids, significant reduction in the mortality of chickens with S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum were observed. On the contrary, in a study using formic/propionic acid blend (0.125 to 1%), Waldroup et al. (1995) reported that the mixture did not consistently reduce levels of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of supplemented chickens. As indicated by Skanseng et al., 2010, a combination of 1.5% formic acid and 0.1% sorbic acid sig-
NUTRITION
MCFAs (Table 1) namely caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), capric (C10), and lauric (C12) fatty acids are naturally found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and milk. Antibacterial effects of MCFAs on gram-positive and gram- negative microorganisms is well documented. Studies targeting major food-borne pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter are limited. However, it is reported that MCFAs are generally more inhibitory against Salmonella than SCFAs.
Table 1 – Short chain fatty acids. Fatty acid
pKa
# of Carbons
Solubility
Form
Formic acid
3.75
C1
+++
Liquid
Acetic acid
4.76
C2
+++
Liquid
Peracetic acid
8.2
C2
+++
Liquid
Propionic acid
4.88
C3
+++
Liquid
Lactic acid
3.83
C3
+++
Liquid
Butyric acid
4.82
C4
+++
Liquid
Malic acid
3.40 - 5.10
C4
++
Solid
Fumaric acid
3.02 – 4.38
C4
-
Solid
Sorbic acid
4.76
C6
-
Solid
Citric acid
3.13 – 4.76 – 6.40
C6
++
Solid
4.17
C7
-
Solid
Benzoic acid
nificantly reduced Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. According to this report when the concentration of formic acid was increased to 2% along with 0.1% sorbic acid, it completely prevented C. jejuni colonization in birds. It has been argued that effectiveness of SCFAs as butyric depends on properties such as concentration, stability in feed manufacturing (salts less effected by temperature), palatability and smell, speed of release as ideally small intestine is the main target of release to help villi growth (salts vs. coated), and antimicrobial
According to Kollanoor Johny and Venkitanarayanan, 2012, caprylic acid (50 mM and 100 mM) inclusion at 0.7% and 1% reduces S. Enteritidis in the cecum of broilers by ~ 1.5 and 3 log10 cfu/mL. In the same study, similar dose dependent reductions in S. Enteritidis colonization were observed in liver, spleen, intestine, crop and cloaca of chick-
effects in large intestine. SCFAs are reported more effective against microorganisms at a lower pH, since the concentration of undissociated molecules of the fatty acids are greater at lower pH especially below their pKa.
Table 2 – Medium chain fatty acids. Fatty acid
pKa
# of Carbons
Solubility
Form
Caproic acid
5.09
C6
++
Liquid/ solid
Caprylic acid
4.89
C8
++
Liquid/ solid
Capric acid
4.95
C10
++
Liquid/ solid
Lauric acid
4.95
C12
++
Liquid/ solid
Royal Pas Reform
Integrated Hatchery Solutions
www.pasreform.com pas2020_adv-Zootecnica-180x61mm.indd 1
25-02-2020 11:16
- june 2021 -
45
NUTRITION
Table 3 – Role of medium chain fatty acids in Salmonella control. Reference
Location
Study Design
Study Results
Evans 2017
VT
Graded levels of MCFA (C8) in turkey poults
S.Typhimirum in ceca by 6lbs/ton MCFA
Kollanoor- Johny 2009
UOM
Prophylactic efficiency of graded caprylic acid (C8) in broilers
High dose Caprylic acid contributed to 2.5 log CFU/g reduction of S.Enteritidis in ceca
V.Immerseel 2004
Ghent U
Lohmann white fed with 6lb/ton caproic acid
Reduction in S.Enteritidis through decrease in expression of hilA gene and Salmonella invasion
Oladunjoye 2013
MSU
Ground turkey samples treated with LAE & carvacrol
Synergistic effect between LAE & carvacrol in reduction of Salmonella. Effects dose-depended
Hinton 2010
USDA
Series experiment on broiler carcass in spray cabinet wash
LA-KOH in different concentration lowered E. coli, S.Typhimirum, and Campy. coli
Dias-Morse 2014
UARK
Beef trimmings treated with lauric arginate (5%)
LA alone or followed by interventions lowered S.Typhimurium, S. Newport, and E. coli by 2 log
Benli 2011
A&M
Chicken carcass treated with interventions of 200ppm LAE
~2 log reduction in S.Typhimurium and Enteritidis
ens. Overall, studies by Kollanoor Johny suggested that caprylic acid could reduce significant numbers of Salmonella in tissue samples including ceca of chickens. Solis de los Santos et al. (2009) reported that 0.7% caprylic acid reduced (2 to 3 log10 cfu/g) C. jejuni colonization consistently in market-age (42-day) broiler chickens when supplemented during last 3 to 7 days of the trial after infecting them with the pathogen on day 21. Authors did not observe significant changes in body weight, feed intake or cecal pH in birds. In addition, they reported that although C. jejuni counts were reduced with caprylic acid supplementation, endogenous cecal bacterial counts did not differ significantly between caprylic acid supplemented groups and controls. Interestingly, when 0.7% caprylic acid was supplemented for last 3 days of the trial, C. jejuni colonization was reduced by 3 log10 cfu/g, even after a 12 hour feed withdrawal period. Feed withdrawal before slaughter is a common poultry industry practice, it has been associated with increased microbial contamination due to pecking of manure-contaminated litter. The overall results suggest that caprylic acid at 0.7% concentration when supplemented through feed could reduce C. jejuni colonization in commercial broiler chickens prophylactically and therapeutically, and can be even used to reduce pathogen carriage during feed withdrawal periods. Administration of MCFAs through drinking water remains a possibility. Reviewing the literature, it seems caprylic acid administration via water provided variable results in chickens. In one study 0.175% caprylic acid reduced cecal
46
C. jejuni counts by ~3 log10 cfu/g. At higher concentrations of caprylic acid (≥ 1.4%), feed and water consumption and body weight of birds were significantly reduced. MCFA-mediated bacterial reduction in chickens is discussed in the literature and several hypotheses are suggested for it. It has been showed by Molatova et al. (2009) that after treatment with capric acid C. jejuni cells were damaged extensively; however there was no change in cellular permeability. Another report suggested mechanism is by changing the cecal microbial population by caprylic acid.
Fatty acids and protozoal challenge Few species of Eimeria spp. impact poultry species e.g., broilers and turkeys with major economic losses. The role of fatty acids on controlling Eimeria spp challenge has been investigated in limited number of studies. Challenge studies on the use of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil (2.5 to 10%), expressed flax seed oil (10%) yielded promising results in reducing E. tenella-induced lesions in chickens. Yang et al. (2006) reported that supplementation of fatty acids in poultry oil (more in C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 n-6) elevated mortality rate in chickens infected with E. tenella. However, the studies oils did not reduce the lesions in chickens caused by E. tenella infection. References are available on request From the Proceedings of the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention - 2020
- nutrition -
NUTRITION
- june 2021 -
47
PROCESSING
How to automate food safety in the poultry industry? Where automation replaces human labor, food production is safer Food safety is rightly a key issue in today’s poultry industry. Everyone wants to eat food, which is safe. Although the poultry meat supply chain is larger than just the processing facility, in the end, our industry is held responsible when the produced food isn’t safe. a whole product or a cut portion. All steps in the process are fully automated with human input being limited to veterinary inspection, supervision and the packing of edible giblets.
Eyes, not hands Human hands are the most critical contaminant in a poultry processing plant. Every touch is potentially contaminating. Where automation is available for a process, machines should do the work. In an ideal world, human input would be limited to supervision only, eyes and not hands.
That’s why all processes in the factory must be dedicated to food safety. Fortunately, there are many ways to secure the safe handling of poultry food. Good cleaning, hygiene, prevention of cross-contamination and the least human intervention are a few key components. By automating the process, these points of attention can be tackled much easier. To ensure a truly safe process, processes should be kept in line and, where possible, should be automated. Marel now offers processing systems capable of handling up to 15,000 bph, where products are kept in line from live bird hang-on until their release as
48
- processing -
Product should flow as smartly as possible through all stages of the process. Not only do buffers involve costly double handling, they also risk gains in temperature, which will encourage the growth of harmful bacteria and shorten shelf life. The aim should be to move product as quickly as possible from live bird hang-on to the cold store.
Safe transport To move poultry products safely from A to B, the transport mustn’t be done by humans, but automatically. In the primary process, Marel’s overhead conveyors take care that products don’t touch each other, preventing cross-contamination. Once unloaded from the shackles, SystemFlex conveyors take over the safe transport, maintaining the in-
PROCESSING
Safe transfer The importance for food safety of keeping all processes in line means automatic line-to-line transfer from one department to another. Decades of experience with automated rehang systems have resulted in the development of LineLink auto-transfer machines. From killing to evisceration and from evisceration to air chill lines they are capable of rehanging up to 15,000 products per hour at virtually 100% efficiency, without birds touching each other or dropping on the floor. Transfer from chilling to whole product distribution line and onwards to ACM-NT cut-up equipment is also automatic and safe.
Hygienic processing
SystemFlex conveyor belts handle products carefully and safely
tegrity of the product. Besides bringing products safely and hygienically to the next process step, SystemFlex also reduces human contact with the product by automatically positioning products correctly for in-feed into a downstream machine. Products aren’t flipped, dropped, tumbled around, or touched by human hands. The more products are moved around during the process, the more they lose their protein, the shorter their shelf life will be. The proper, careful handling by SystemFlex ensures full product integrity and safety. Products virtually don’t risk damage, loss, bulking or bacterial contamination and keep their optimum quality level. Once products reach the packing area, Marel TrayTrack is the next excellent means of food-safe transport. This computer-controlled system consists of tray carriers suspended from a standard overhead conveyor. TrayTrack distributes work efficiently over multiple price/weight labelers, avoiding the accumulation of buffers of product. It prevents human touching and frees up floor space.
Evisceration and giblet harvesting are areas, where poor hygiene can adversely affect food safety. Marel automatic equipment has been designed to keep this risk to an absolute minimum. Venting and opening machines leave vents and attached intestine undamaged. Marel was the first equipment manufacturer to transfer the drawn viscera pack to a separate processing line. Packs are transferred with inedible, potentially contaminating organs hanging down and away from the edible giblets. This evisceration method, to be found in Nuova systems, ensures the most hygienic possible process.
Keep the process in-line Maturing carcasses before filleting them makes for more
Thorough cleaning The prevention of cross-contamination is essential for food safety. It already starts with live bird handling. Marel’s ATLAS transport module has been designed for easy cleaning, without blind spots. This, together with a well-thought-out washing system with its precisely targeted sprays, ensures that modules return thoroughly cleaned to the growing farm, providing the best possible start to a food-safe process.
By preventing human touching, TrayTrack contributes to food safety
- june 2021 -
49
PROCESSING
far from optimal. Food safety at these plants would benefit from automation. Automatic cut-up systems, fed intelligently by distribution systems and software, have been a regular feature in poultry processing plants for many years now. Two recent Marel developments of its ACM-NT cutup system have a strong impact on food safety. These are the Thigh Fillet System and Q-Wing, two completely automatic and in-line processes, where no human touching is involved.
Bone-free safety LineLink units ensure safe automatic transfer from one department to another
tender breast meat and is now widely practiced. This can involve the manual transfer of product to and from crates in a maturation buffer. Human touching, product contact and buffering are however, unwanted scenarios in a foodsafe process. To save labor and improve food safety, Marel offers its two-stage in-line maturation chill system, where products are chilled and matured at the same time. Products stay in-line all the time and there’s no need for de-shackling, piling up chicken in crates or re-shackling.
Benefit from automation When talking about food safety, manual cut-up and deboning processes, with many hands touching the product, are
It doesn’t feel safe when you find a piece of bone in meat claimed to be bone-free. The human assessment is not always effective in bone detection. To meet industry safety and quality standards, automatic bone detection has become an essential part of the food production. X-ray technologies, such as Marel’s SensorX, are available to support this process and increase the level of food safety. SensorX detects residual bone and other unsafe elements such as metal, stone and glass. It’s a proven ultra-reliable tool, giving the lowest number of costly false positives.
Automate manual trimming Removing unwanted pieces of meat from the main product will often be a manual process too. The same goes for portioning products to strips or cubes with a uniform look and weight. Doing these jobs manually can compromise food safety. Devices such as I-Cut 122 TrimSort will assist in automated trimming, cutting and portioning without manipulating products on the belt, without compromising product integrity, without jeopardizing food safety.
Packing safety
RoboBatcher can produce styled tray packs without the need for human actions
50
In processing plants, it is in the packing department where the most people and manual operations can be found. It is also in the packing department where avoidable buffers of product typically happen. Both can compromise food safety. In the retail breast meat and leg packing line, RoboBatcher Flex can replace human actions. Besides producing super-accurate fixed weight tray packs automatically, this machine can also style them. Human hands no longer have to arrange fillets on the tray. RoboBatcher is not the only technology available from Marel able to batch product automatically into fixed weight
- processing -
PROCESSING
units. Marel also offers a range of MultiHead weighers, which will batch both bone-in and boneless portions into retail and bulk packs.
Traceability Software can play a significant role in food safety matters. Reliable data gathering is the key to trace a product in time to prevent a recall. Most of all, full traceability allows processors to pinpoint the precise cause of problems and take quick remedial action to prevent a repetition and avoid losing business. In case of a food safety issue suspected or identified by the customer, this will result in the smallest possible batch of products to be recalled. Having the capability to trace the issue back to its source, Innova helps the processor isolate the products concerned rapidly and prevent them from reaching consumers. Innova ensures that every piece of poultry that reaches the end consumer is safe. Keep the processes hygienic and in line, prevent cross-contam-
ination, automate wherever possible and opt for logistical solutions, which avoid buffers and move product smartly from live bird handling through each individual process to the chill store. These are the preconditions for a poultry operation, which is truly food safe.
HOW TO MAKE YOUR CHICKENS HEALTHY? Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL CECT 4529 A PROBIOTIC STRAIN ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN'S INTESTINE Autochthonous of the Gallus gallus species
Typically living in symbiosis in the chicken’s intestinal tract Able to improve the digestive functions through fermentation ntee
uara
cy G
a Effic
D2/C
ECT SL C
A natural antagonist of putrefactive and pathogenic microorganisms
4529
CENTRO SPERIMENTALE DEL LATTE SRL Strada per Merlino, 3 - 26839 Zelo Buon Persico (Lodi) - Italy Phone: +39.02.90696.1 - Fax: +39.02.90696.99
saccosystem.com
- june 2021 -
51
Hatcheries
INCUBATORS SPECIALIST SINCE 1924
Incubators for all types of eggs. Specialists for partridges, pheasants and ostriches.
World leader in incubators & complete hatchery solutions
Via Bancora e Rimoldi 3 – 22070 Guanzate (COMO), Italy Теl.: 39-031.352.91.22 – 031.352.91.29 - Fax: 39-031.352.95.91 E-mail: victoria@victoria-srl.com
www.petersime.com
Via G.Galilei 3 – 22070 Guanzate (COMO), Italy Tel.: +39-031.976.672 - Fax: +39-031.899.163 Website: fiem.it - E-mail: fiem@fiem.it
Automatic and digital incubators from 18 to 10.000 eggs of capacity
Breeders Great Achievements,
Great Numbers
Reliable Breeder, Resilient Broiler
aviagen.com
aviagen.com
2020 - Arbor Acres Zootecnica Magazine Market Guide 2/10/20 Ad - ENGLISH.indd 1:38 PM 1
ROSS 308 DELIVERS
aviagen.com
Ross Zootecnica Magazine Market Guide Ad - ENGLISH.indd 2/10/201 1:34 PM
Cobb Europe
aviagen.com
The Oaks – Apex 12, Old Ipswich Road Colchester, Essex CO7 7QR, UK Tel: +44 (0)1206 835835 Fax: +44 (0)1206 756864 Email: info@cobb-europe.com www.cobb-vantress.com
zootecnicainternational.com
Equipment
Egg Sanitation Worldwide The key to superior egg sanitation
Leader in pig & poultry equipment THE MOST INNOVATIVE RANGE FOR POULTRY FEEDING www.agritech.it – e-mail: commerce@agritech.it
Via Roma 29, 24030 Medolago (BG) Italy - Phone +39 035 901240 Fax +39 035 902757 info@azainternational.it www.azainternational.it
www.MSTegg.com info@MSTegg.com +44 (0)1536 516778 (UK) +1 423-881-3882 (USA)
• Watering & Feeding Systems
CARFED INTERNATIONAL LTD
• Poultry Accessories
Italian headquarters: Piazza Oberdan, 3, 20129 Milano (Italy) Italian warehouse: Via Basilicata, 10, 20098 San Giuliano Milanese (Italy) Tel.: +39 02 9881140 - Fax: +39 02 98280274 Email: carfed@carfed.it - Website: www.carfed.it UK headquarters: Ground Floor, One George Yard, London EC3V 9DF, England, UK Тel.: + 44. 20. 7660.0987- Email: carfed@carfed.co.uk
• Industry Breeding
CODAF Poultry Equipment Manufacturers
• Manure & Egg Belts
Via Cavour, 74/76 • 25010 Isorella (Brescia), ITALY Tel. +39 030 9958156 • Fax: +39 030 9952810 info@codaf.net • www.codaf.net
Corti Zootecnici Srl | Via Volta 4, Monvalle (VA) - Italy| Tel. +39 0332 799985 | info@cortizootecnici.com
BELTS AND ROPES
www.bigdutchman.de
FOR AVICULTURAL USE Manure removal belts and
Manure belt with holes for drying systems
POULTRY EQUIPMENT
The No. 1 worldwide
Via Garibaldi, 54 – 26040 Scandolara Ravara (CR) Italy Tel. (+39) 0375/95135 • Fax. (+39) 0375/95169 info@barbieri-belts.com • www.barbieri-belts.com
TURNKEY PROJECTS POULTRY INTEGRATED PROJECTS POULTRY EQUIPMENT FOR BROILERS AND LAYERS AVIARY SYSTEMS Officine Facco & C. S.p.A. Via Venezia, 30 - Marsango (PD) Italy
Tel. +39 049 9698111 - Fax +39 049 9630605 | www.facco.net - facco@facco.net
spazio55x45-facco.indd 2
BD Ad Zootecnica 55x95 10-13.indd 1
22.10.13 14:24
03/10/14 15:06
Equipment
POULTRY EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
GmbH & Co. KG
Dassendaler Weg 13 • D-47665 Sonsbeck (Germany) T: +49 (0) 2838 912-0 • F: +49 (0) 2838 2791 info@specht-tenelsen.de • www.specht-tenelsen.de
VALLI spa • via Cimatti, 2 • 47010 Galeata (FC) • Italy T: +39 0543 975 311 • F: +39 0543 981 400 E: info@valli-italy.com • I: www.valli-italy.com
Drinking systems for chicks, broilers, breeders, layers, ducks, turkeys, rabbits and pigs Conveyor systems for egg collection Climate systems: Pad Climate (evaporative cooling for paper or plastic pads) and Top Climate (with high pressure nozzles)
Housing equipment for breeders, layers and broilers.
LUBING SISTEM SRL via Marco Polo, (Z.I.) Campodarsego, Padova Italy tel. + fax + info@lubing.it lubingsystem.com www.lubingsystem.com
www.vencomaticgroup.com
Automatic rollaway nests Plastic slats Aviary systems Rearing systems Broiler systems Manure belts Manure drying systems Emission
Harselaarseweg 32, 3771 MB Barneveld, Holland Tel.: +31(0)342 42 70 00 Fax: +31 (0)342 42 70 01 Website: www.jpe.org E-mail: info@jpe.org
THE BEST FOR YOUR EGGS!
via San Lorenzo, 9b 35010 Campo San Martino (PD), Italy Ph: +39.049.9620774 Web: www.flexy.it - Email: info@flexy.it
Impex Barneveld B.V. P.O. Box 20 • 3770 AA Barneveld • Holland T: 31 (0) 342 41 66 41 • F: 31 (0) 342 41 28 26 E: info@impex.nl • I: www.impex.nl
UPCOMING EVENTS 2021
2022
September, 7 to 9
January, 12 to 14
FIERAVICOLA International Poultry Fair
VIV ASIA International trade show from feed to food for Asia
Rimini Expo Center Via Emilia, 155 – 47921, Rimini, Italy For information contact: Tel.: +39 0547 1877115 Email: info@fieravicola.com Website: www.fieravicola.com
September, 14 to 16 SPACE 2021 Parc-Expo Rennes Rennes Cedex, France For information contact: Tel.: +33 (0) 2 23 48 28 80 Email: info@space.fr Website: www.space.fr
New venue: Muang Thong Thani, Bangkok, Thailand For information contact: Worldwide VNU Exhibitions Europe Tel.: +31 (0) 30 295 2700 Fax: +31 (0) 30 295 2809 South East Asia VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific Co., Ltd. 88 The PARQ, 4th Fl., West Wing Ratchadaphisek Rd., Khlong Toei, Khlong Toei, Bangkok 10110 Thailand Tel.: +662 111 6611 Email: viv@vnuasiapacific.com Website: vivasia.nl
November, 23 to 25
January, 18 to 20
ADNEC- Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre Khaleej Al Arabi Street, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Trade show & forum focusing on feed, pharma & genetics in the animal protein production Bitec, Bangkok, Thailand
VIV MEA International trade show from feed to food for the Middle East and Africa
For information contact: VIV worldwide VNU Exhibitions Europe Tel.: +31 (0) 30 295 2999 Email: viv.mea@vnuexhibitions.com Website: www.vivmea.nl§Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company Khaleej Al Arabi Street – P.O. Box 5546 Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates Tel.: 800 23632 and international +971 (0) 2 444 6900 Website: www.adnec.ae
November, 24 to 26 ILDEX Indonesia 2021 5th International livestock, dairy, meat processing and aquaculture exposition ICE Jakarta, Indonesia For information contact: Website: www.ildex-indonesia.com
VICTAM and VIV Health & Nutrition Asia 2022
For information contact: Panadda KongmaHead of competence center livestock Tel.: +662 670 0900 Ext. 204 Email: panadda@vnuexhibitionsap.com Zhenja Antochin, Event Manager Tel.: +31 (0) 6 8379 9693 Email: zhenja.antochin@vnuexhibitions.com Tel.: +66 (0) 2 726 1999 +66 (0) 2 366 9797 Website: www.bitec.net
January, 25 to 27 IPPE International Production & Processing Expo Georgia World Congress Center 285 Andrew Young International Blvd NW Atlanta, Georgia USA For information contact: U.S. Poultry & Egg Association 1530 Cooledge Road Tucker, GA USA
Tel.: +1 770 4939401 Fax: +1 770 4939257 Email: pstates@ippexpo.org Website: www.ippexpo.org
March, 16 to 18 ILDEX Vietnam Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center (SECC) Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam For information contact: Saengtip Techapatiphandee Tel.: +662 111 6611 ext. 330 Email: saengtip@vnuasiapacific.com
May 31 to June 2 VIV Europe 2022 World Expo from Feed to Food Jaarbeurs Exhibition Center, Utrecht The Netherlands Utrecht, The Netherlands For information contact: VIV worldwide VNU Exhibitions Europe P.O.Box 8800 3503 RV Utrecht – the Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0)30 295 2700 Jaarbeurs - Jaarbeursplein 6, P.O. Box 8500 - NL 3521 AL Utrecht, NL 3503 RM Utrecht, the Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0) 30 295 5911 Fax: +31 (0) 30 295 2808 Email: info@jaarbeurs.nl Website: www.jaarbeurs.nl
2023 June, 8 to 10 VIV TURKEY International trade fair for poultry technologies Istanbul Expo Center Istanbul, Turkey For information contact: Mrs Hande Çakıcı Tel.: +90 212 216 4010 Fax: +90 212 216 3360 Email: hande@hkf-fairs.com Website: www.vivturkey.com
INTERNET GUIDE Agritech
commerce@agritech.it www.agritech.it
Arion Fasoli
info@arionfasoli.com
Aviagen
info@aviagen.com www.aviagen.com
Aviagen Turkeys Ltd
turkeysltd@aviagen.com
www.aviagenturkeys.com
Aza International
info@azainternational.it
www.azainternational.it
Barbieri Belts
info@barbieri-belts.com
www.barbieribelts.com
Big Dutchman
big@bigdutchman.com
www.bigdutchman.de
Biochem
info@biochem.net www.biochem.net
Carfed International Ltd
carfed@carfed.co.uk
Carfed Italian Branch
carfed@carfed.it
www.carfed.it
Cobb Europe
info@cobb-europe.com
www.cobb-vantress.com
Codaf
info@codaf.net www.codaf.net
Corti Zootecnici S.r.l.
info@cortizootecnici.com
www.arionfasoli.com
www.cortizootecnici.it
EuroTier eurotier@dlg.org www.eurotier.com Facco Poultry Equipment
facco@facco.net
www.facco.net
FIEM fiem@fiem.it www.fiem.it FierAgricola Verona
fieragricola@veronafiere.it
FierAvicola
info@fieravicola.com www.fieravicola.com
www.fieragricola.it
Gasolec
sales@gasolec.com www.gasolec.com
Giordano Poultry Plast
info@poultryplast.com
www.poultryplast.com
GI-OVO B.V.
sales@gi-ovo.com
www.gi-ovo.com
Hendrix Genetics
info@hendrix-genetics.com
www.hendrix-genetics.com
Hubbard
contact.emea@hubbardbreeders.com www.hubbardbreeders.com
Hy-Line International
info@hyline.com
www.hyline.com
Impex Barneveld BV
info@impex.nl
www.impex.nl
Intracare info@intracare.nl www.intracare.nl Jamesway
sales@jamesway.com
www.jamesway.com
Jansen Poultry Equipment
info@jpe.org
www.jpe.org
Lubing System
info@lubing.it
www.lubingsystem.com
Marel Poultry
info.poultry@marel.com
www.marel.com/en/poultry
Mbe Breeding Equipment
info@mbefabriano.it
www.mbefabriano.it
Menci
commerciale@menci.it www.menci.it
Meyn
sales@meyn.com www.meyn.com
MOBA
sales@moba.net www.moba.net
MS Technologies
info@mstegg.com
www.mstegg.com
Newpharm info@newpharm.it www.newpharm.it Officine Meccaniche Vettorello
luciano@officinevettorello.it
www.officinevettorello.com
Omaz srl
omaz@omaz.com
www.omaz.com
Petersime N.V.
info@petersime.com
www.petersime.com
Prinzen B.V.
info@prinzen.com
www.prinzen.com
Reventa
info.reventa@munters.de www.reventa.de
Royal Pas Reform
info@pasreform.com
Roxell
info@roxell.com www.roxell.com
www.pasreform.com
Editorial Director Lucio Vernillo Editorial Staff Daria Domenici, Tania Montelatici (zootecnica@zootecnica.it) Account Executive Marianna Caterino (amministrazione@zootecnica.it) Editorial Office Zootecnica International Vicolo Libri, 4 50063 Figline Incisa Valdarno (FI) Italy Tel.: +39 055 2571891 Website: zootecnicainternational.com Licence Registrazione Tribunale di Firenze n.3162 Spedizione in A.P. Art.2 comma 20/B legge 662/96 - Filiale di Firenze ISSN 0392-0593 Subscription Rates (1 year / 11 issues): Europe Euro 44 Rest of the World Euro 57 Subscribe online by Credit Card or Paypal: zootecnicainternational.com/subscription Subscribe by money transfer: 1. effect a money transfer to: Zootecnica International, Vicolo Libri, 4 50063 Figline Incisa Valdarno (FI) Italy; bank: UNICREDIT, BIC: UNICRITM1OU9 Iban: IT 81 H 02008 38083 000020067507 2. send us your complete shipping address by email: amministrazione@zootecnica.it. Art Direction & Layout Laura Cardilicchia – elleciwebstudio.com Cover Image: © Denise Vernillo Printed Nova Arti Grafiche, Florence
Ska ska@ska.it www.skapoultryequipment.com Socorex
socorex@socorex.com www.socorex.com
Space info@space.fr www.space.fr Specht Ten Elsen GmbH & Co. KG info@specht-tenelsen.de
www.specht-tenelsen.de
TPI-Polytechniek
info@tpi-polytechniek.com www.tpi-polytechniek.com
Val-co
intl.sales@val-co.com www.val-co.com
Valli
info@valli-italy.com www.valli-italy.com
VDL Agrotech
info@vdlagrotech.nl
www.vdlagrotech.com
Vencomatic Group B.V.
info@vencomaticgroup.com
www.vencomaticgroup.com
Victoria
victoria@victoria-srl.com www.incubatricivictoria.com
VIV Europe
viv.europe@vnuexhibitions.com
www.viveurope.nl
English Edition Year XLIII June 2021
®
purely professional. JUMBO T Cod. 0201009
JUMBO B Cod. 0201011
drinkers DRINKER G 89 Cod. 0210001
JUMBO 98 Cod. 0211003
G 86
Cod. 0208006
www.poultryplast.com Giordano Poultry Plast S.p.A. Via Bernezzo, 47 ,12023 CARAGLIO - Cuneo - Italy Tel. +39 0171 61.97.15 Fax +39 0171 81.75.81 info@poultryplast.com
SPECHT is everywhere where hens are! • Rearing in aviary system
• Layers in Varia-System
• Rearing in cages
• Group cage system (enriched cage)
L
ORIGINA
estock eco and liv friendly
ORIGINAL
• Feeding system
®
• Layer battery
• Egg belt
• Cage floor
POULTRY EQUIPMENT
GmbH & Co. KG
• Manure drying system
Dassendaler Weg 13 • D-47665 Sonsbeck (Germany) Telefon +49 (0) 28 38 912-0 • Telefax +49 (0) 28 38 27 91 info@specht-tenelsen.de • www.specht-tenelsen.de
• Egg collecting system
