PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT
Where Past and Present Come Together
PORTUGAL
GERMANY
BASQUE COUNTRY
PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT
Where Past and Present Come Together 2017-1-PL01-KA219-038482_5
ROMANIA
POLAND
© 2019, PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT Where past and present come together 2017-1-PL01-KA219-038482_5 ERASMUS+ All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanial, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permition in writing from the publisher.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Gratitude can transform common days into thanksgiving, turn routine jobs into joy and change ordinary opportunities into blessings. William Arthur Ward
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ollowing the words of William Arthur Ward I would like to thank all the people involved in “Photohistory” project. My special thanks go to all the students, their parents and teachers who sacrificed their time and effort in order to turn this project into a great success. My warmest gratitude goes to Susana Agirregomezkorta and Ricardo Aiartzaguena, Eduard Righi and Michael Hastreiter, Artur Matos and João Rebelo, Adrian Pricopoaia, Cristinel Prisacaru and Ilie Boloca. None of this would be possible without you. THANK YOU! Dawid Chmielewski
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTENTS THE PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT I MEETING PESO DA RÉGUA, PORTUGAL The Douro Region and Manoel de Oliveira’s Singular Type of Art Cinema GERMANY POLAND BASQUE COUNTRY ROMANIA II MEETING REGENSBURG, GERMANY Drachenstich Spearing the Dragon POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA BASQUE COUNTRY
3 4 6
7 8 11 12 14
17 18 22 25 28
III MEETING DURANGO, BASQUE COUNTRY The Bombing of Durango GERMANY POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA
30 32 34 38 41
IV MEETING ROMAN, ROMANIA The Great Union’s Centenary 1918-2018 GERMANY POLAND PORTUGAL BASQUE COUNTRY
44 46 49 51 55
V MEETING SIERAKOVICE, POLAND Solidariety Movement GERMANY PORTUGAL ROMANIA BASQUE COUNTRY
58 59 62 64 67
GENERAL MEETING PHOTOS
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INTRODUCTION THE PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT
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hotohistory, as the name suggest, is a projects that blends history and photography together. The idea behind the project was for the students to choose important facts, events or people from their region’s history in order for the remaining partners to learn about them and take photos that would interpret or recreate those events. The unorthodox idea of bringing the past and modern technology together resulted in the creation of this unique photo album. Please bear in mind that all the photographs printed here are strongly connected with the historical topics that are also presented and briefly explained on those pages. All the project partners faced numerous difficult decisions how to interpret the topic, what to photograph, what equipment to use and how to capture their idea in a single photograph. Hope you will enjoy the effects of their hard work! The idea of an interdisciplinary project on photography as art and history rose from the fact that nowadays art as a subject in schools plays a minor role in modern curriculum, except for specialized art schools. Art schools however are rare and every student has access to them. Many regular secondary schools concentrate on comprehensive education and do not even have one art based subject in their curriculum and if they do, the subject is more theoretically focused on the history of art, rather than practical oriented. This means that students do not have a chance to develop their artistic talents and the schools miss out on discovering such talents. This is why the idea of “PHOTOHISTORY - where past and present come together.” project was born.
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I MEETING PESO DA RÉGUA, PORTUGAL 8th - 12th January 2018 Escolas João de Araújo Correia The Douro Region and Manoel de Oliveira’s Singular Type of Art Cinema A look at life and work in the Douro region from three cinematographic works: Douro, Faina Fluvial (Douro Working River, 1931), Aniki Bobó (1942) and Vale Abraão (Abraham´s Valley, 1993). Manoel de Oliveira, was in his time, not only considered as the oldest major director active, until his death, but also, as one of the most imaginative and innovative filmmakers the world has ever known. Throughout his remarkable career he was Portugal’s most significant, and one of Europe’s most important, filmmakers. He was awarded, in the most prestigious international festivals, for his incredible creative force and
unique mode of filmmaking. He drew inspiration and energy from theatre, literature and philosophy and his work has undoubtedly become a reference in European and World Cinema. The filmmaker was born in the city of Porto and had strong links to the stunning Douro region. The three films that we propose are set in the beloved Douro River portraying people´s life and work, throughout the twentieth century. The river Douro flows from the mouth of the city of Porto to the border of the country, crossing the Alto Douro wine region, which in 2001 was considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Through one of the last great masters of cinema, it is possible to travel in time and experience life in this breathtaking Douro River region. The city of Peso da Régua, with its bustling riverfront, is the epicentre of where the famous Port Wine is produced. * Manoel de Oliveira (1908-2015) – Portuguese filmmaker
GERMANY 1. A Woman in Love This picture shows a scene of the movie. The young woman is happy and in love since she is going to marry a wealthy man. 2. The husband This picture shows the wealthy man that is going to be the husband of the young woman. 3. Coming to realize As the time goes by, the young wife realizes that it might have been a mistake to get married. 4. The Woman dreaming of an afterlife After finding herself in a character of a novel the young lady decides to commit suicide.
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POLAND We have decided to concentrate our efforts on the life of Manoel de Oliveira. The idea was to portrait important bits from his life based on his biography. We have found out that he was the son of the shoemaker hence we tried to portrait him helping his father’s workshop. The photograph on the right is a reproduction of Manoel’s portrait as an already famous and well established filmmaker and director. In his later days he often appeared with a cane and wearing a hat. What is worth mentioning he was still very active, with a smile on his face he never stopped making new films even in the older age.
BASQUE COUNTRY The 1st Photograph “Port of Bilbao” was taken by Joane Fuldain Buron. In the film Douro Faina Fluvial Manoel de Oliveira showed how people lived in Porto in the 20s and 30s. In the same way, this photograph is representing the past way of life of the Basque Country by showing the remains of the industrial era of Bilbao. It also wants to show that industry has been and is still very important in our country. The 2nd Photograph “Woman Screaming” was taken by Maddi Loizate Izurieta. In the film appears a woman creaming because a man is suffering an accident. This Photograph represents many things: the hard way of live among the workers, the fear of losing the beloved people, the power of the scream of a woman.
In the film appears a woman creaming because a man is suffering an accident. This Photograph represents many things: the hard way of live among the workers, the fear of losing the beloved people, the power of the scream of a woman. “Woman Screaming” was taken by Maddi Loizate Izurieta. In the film Douro Faina Fluvial Manoel de Oliveira showed how people lived in Porto in the 20s and 30s. In the same way, this photograph is representing the past way of life of the Basque Country by showing the remains of the industrial era of Bilbao. It also wants to show that industry has been and is still very important in our country. “Port of Bilbao” was taken by Joane Fuldain Buron.
ROMANIA Carlitos 1. This photo is about the way I tried to dress my brother to be as close to the movie character as possible and also about the going to school mood because of the bag he was carrying. 2. Here I wanted to play a little bit more with the lighting and with the angle of it to create those certain shadows in his shirt and on his face to give the photo a vintage style. 3. Here I think the backround is the most important because the shadow I created on it succeds to put in evidence the childish expression on mybrother’s face. 4. In this photo I was trying to illustrate, as shown in the movie, the constant need of thinking of something else during the classes. 5. Here it is about the fact that the kids, although they are kids, they sometimes have their own problems and they are so much more then we, the adults, think.
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II MEETING REGENSBURG, GERMANY 15th - 21st April 2018 Berufliches Schulzentrum Drachenstich - Spearing the Dragon* Within the oldest folk festival in Germany, one can find 4 different topics that are worth a closer look. As agreed, we will allocate the topics as follows: 1. Dragons in Portugal 2. Medieval Times in Romania 3. The relation towards biblical and religious aspects in Bask Country 4. Old Folk Festivals in Poland Please keep in mind, that when you teach your students about the Folk Festival in Germany, you might want to focus on these aspects. Every country will select 4 photographs and have their students present
them with some background information. Prints will be 30cm by 40 cm landscape or portrait. Find more information on the festival here: http://www.drachenstich.de/
* 1431 in August a bloody chapter of the world history was written. A giant army of knights assembled to crusade against the rebelling Bohemians. The fact that the emperor had their celebrated reformer J.H. be burnt at the stake filled them with indignation. Now a furious war was raging at the border. But in the shadow of the war suddenly a much more dangerous threat awakes. A monster gets up from the curse which it has been under from time immemorial – the dragon! Murder and blood release in him the elementary power of the evil. With the force of the frenetic nature the dragon cuts a swath of horrible destruction through the country. Who can stop the beast? Only two people fulfil the prophecy: The young lady of the castle of Furth could save countless lives by sacrificing herself. The fearless knight Udo could beat the monster – but Udo is captured in a net of a mortal conspiracy. Merciless the dragon is moving towards the town.
POLAND Our photos represent the combination of two aspects that we wanted to present as an interpretation of the “Spearing the Dragon” folk festival. The two men fighting in medieval armour represent the biblical idea of fight between “GOOD” and “EVIL” just like the knights and the dragon does during the German festival. The other photos show young girls and boys from our region in their traditional regional outfits during the folk custom of pouring water on each other on Easter Monday. This tradition is one of the oldest Polish folk customs cherished and cultivated until this day. “Drachenstich” – is also the oldest folk festival in Germany celebrated until today so our photos are to present our traditions too.
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PORTUGAL Lazarim Masks 01. The making of Description: Final phase of the making of the Lazarim Masks, made of alder wood. 02. The laughter Description: During the Carnival festivities the masked people interact, intimidate and provoke the visitors causing the most diverse and unusual reactions. 03. The teasing Description: Carnival is a feast of rampant partying during which certain social rules are sometimes violated. Provoking and scaring the visitors is one of the strategies used to have fun. 04. Parading Description: During the feast a bean stew (typical Portuguese dish cooked in big iron pots) is served. 05. Thinking over Description: At the end of the feast the participants take off their masks and return to their “normal� lives. They feel a certain nostalgia now that the feast is over.
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ROMANIA 1. The princess’s thoughts
The water the symbol of the life and the wheel: the symbol of the evolution, are the princess’s strengths for brilliant future of the kindom.
2. In search of the prince
The Princess watch vigilantly over the lands that her ancestors have defended for so long and he is waiting for the prince at home.
3. Ball preparation
Jhon, the humble boy of the servants dreams of one of the princesses, but the two look to other higher ideals by climbing step by step.
4. The princess – sent to the future
Looking towards childhood: at the door of the future Princess goes to a new stage, the maturity.
5. Life choicec
Sometimes, the man chooses another pathway on the road of life, and thus departs from home and tradition.
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BASQUE COUNTRY 1st photograph “Uribarriko Andra Mari” Basilica of Durango Taken by Anekris Bediaga Diez the Basilica “Uribarriko Andra Mari” of Durango represents the official religion in Durango in the XV century. As in Germany, the official church here was the Roman Catholic Church. Nevertheless, during that century many inhabitants of Durango and its surroundings had other faiths: • Here in Durango, as it happened in Bohemia with the Priest Jan Hus, a local Friar named Alfonso De Mella created a different doctrine breaking from the official church, which easily spread around. • There were other believes too. Many people, especially from the villages that surround Durango, believe in the Goddess of the Nature named “Mari” and in many other supernatural beings, such as “Basajaun” and “Tartalo”, which lived in the forest. 2nd photograph the statue of Fray Juan de Zumarraga Taken by Anekris Bediaga Diez, the statue of Fray Juan de Zumarraga represents the status quo. Although he was not responsible for the burning of heretics and witches at the stake because he was born after those events, the friar was a member of the infamous Spanish Inquisition. The Inquisition was the tool used by the government to restore order and control the behavior of the people, by punishing them when they did not comply with the rules. It was the same Spanish Inquisition which accused Alfonso de Mella of heresy. In spite of being able to escape his death by fleeing to the South of the Iberian Peninsula, Mella was eventually killed by the Muslims who were ruling that area at the time.
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3 3rd photograph Fire Taken by Anekris Bediaga Diez, the fire represents the death sentence for those charged with heresy or witchcraft. As in other parts of Europe, once the Inquisition was established in Durango, many people were found guilty of those crimes and sentenced to die at the stake. Among those accused we find the following: • Heretics, who were mostly, widowed women. • The believers in the Goddess of Mother Nature Mari and other supernatural beings from the forest. • Other people were accused of witchcraft by their enemies. 2
4 4th photograph Anboto Taken by Maria Baseta Ibarra Anboto represents one of the mythological mountains of the Basque Country. It was believed that Mari (a powerful goddess that represents Mother Nature and its fertility) lived there. With this picture we are linking the mythology in Furth represented by the Dragons and all its stories with the mythological beings from the Basque country represented by Mari and many other beings that inhabit the forests.
III MEETING DURANGO, BASQUE COUNTRY 10th - 16th June 2018 IES Fray Juan Zunarraga
The Bombing of Durango Together with the burning of heretics in the 15th century, the Bombing of Durango in 1937 was one of the most horrific events that the city has ever experienced. This event happened during the Spanish Civil War, which began after left-wing groups (representing the Socialists, Communists, and regional identity parties) won the 1936 election. In response to the left’s electoral victory, right-wing Spanish nationalists (“Francoists”) staged a coup d’état, triggering the Spanish Civil War. During the conflict, nationalist forces carried out several air raids across the Basque Country, attacking Durango on 31 March, 1937. Although the subject remains painful due to the tragic loss of life, it is important to remember the cruel realities of war. This cruelty is evidenced by many different historical events but is still present in many places in the world today. The aim of our proposal is to impress upon the next generation that conflict-resolution must be firmly rooted in consensus and compromise. 1.-Historical account: After any conflict there is always more than one narrative on the events that transpired. In the case of the bombing in Durango, the victors of the Civil War (the Francoists) suppressed any information about the bombing to avoid international attention. In the case of
the town of Gernika (a bombing immortalized by Picasso’s Guernica), the story proved impossible to bury, so they portrayed the Republicans (the losing side in the Civil War) as the perpetrators of the atrocity. 2.-Solidarity: Many homes suffered serious damage or were destroyed by the bombing. In the aftermath of the bombing, everyone came together to rebuild. Those who lost their houses were sheltered by their neighbours. All the city’s inhabitants worked hard to reconstruct houses for the newly homeless. Soon, the affected families had their own homes again. In some cases, whole families fled to live abroad. The space left by their departure remained empty for a long time. Even today, in the historic centre of Durango we see an eclectic mix of old and new architecture. 3.-Consequences: The damage to Durango, both physical and emotional, took a toll on the inhabitants. Many suffered extreme psychological damage; they were afraid, confused, and vulnerable because they had lost their families, their homes, and their cherished possessions. Hospitals were overwhelmed with casualties. 4.-Migration: Migration is one of the many results of war. Most emigrants are people who want to earn a living peacefully, and escape the horrors of war. They flee their homes not knowing what the future holds for them elsewhere. Despite this uncertainty, war forces emigrants to make hard decisions in order to save themselves and their families.
GERMANY Regensburg and Durango – we have much in common! 1. Historical account: Regensburg experienced massive destruction during World War II. Since this was an aircraft factory, the air intakes were very strong. Even today, almost every major construction site has unexploded ordnance from the bombardment, which must be defused. Luckily we have the longest peace time with us. But we also have to stay alert and prevent warmongering in the beginning. 2. Solidarity: Even though our generation needs not show solidarity because of our own war experiences, the majority of our population shows solidarity with racism, as shown in the photo at a demonstration against the party AFD 3. Consequences: One of the most obvious consequences of the 2nd World War ended in 1989, when Germany was reunited. Until then crossing over to the Czech Republic not far away was not easy. Today we no longer have border controls and the border areas with death strips have been preserved only as a memorial in small areas. 4. Migration: Germany is a popular immigration country. In addition to asylum seekers, we also have a large number of labor migrants who find work and apprenticeships with us. The photo shows students from a system gastronomy class from our school, who came from Georgia, Albania and Armenia.
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POLAND 01. “The numbers” – The photo incorporates the “light painting” technique together with long exposure. The numbers both on the wall and painted with light symbolize the aftermath of the bombing in Durango. 336 people were killed, 281bombs fell that day, 14489 kilos of explosives were dropped and 205 houses were destroyed. The girl ghost represents the dead. 02. Photos 2,3 and 4 present “The machines of death and destruction” used during wars and the effect they have on the civilians. They all are to terrorise the population. 03. “The girl and the medic” is a symbol of people helping each other during the bombing. Although wars bring out the worst in people they also bring out the best in some of them. 4
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PORTUGAL War and other traumatic events cause disruption, physical and psychological damage, destruction of places and culture. The example proposed to us is brutal in all these dimensions. We found it difficult to find in the space around us traces of such brutality, so we took a more conceptual / metaphorical approach. Thus, in line with what happened in Durango, with the forced migration of many of its inhabitants and the necessary abandonment of their houses, we look for places / spaces that evoke the abandonment, destruction and also the evocation of memory that empty houses always leave. , traces of human occupation, as if from the walls we could still hear the screams, smiles, births and deaths of those who inhabited them. From the point of view of photographic captures there were two different moments. On the one hand, the capture of ground-level fireworks photos in which the spontaneity of the firing and the proximity to the subject were crucial in highlighting the intensity and dynamics of the moment, from the launch of the rockets, to the smoke that they provoke. In this sense, an attempt to approach photography work in a war scenario (bombing), and the photojournalistic approach; and on the other hand, a more documentary and aestheticized approach, in the photographs of the interior of an abandoned house, where the care placed in the frame, in the light and in the depth of field were crucial to highlight the concepts initially stated.
ROMANIA 1. The ultimate glance
This picture shows us a soldier that is blasting his ultimate glance to the bring future, leaving the war problems behind him in the gloomy past.
2. Brothers in arms
Brother in arms represents something beyond the words, and there is the feeling, the emotion that every soldier felt on the battlefield, it is love and confidence mixed in one. This is what this picture represents.
3. The peaceful bullet
Even though a bullet isn t something even close to peace, the conection between those 2 is that one can bring the other one, more exactly with a bullet you can bring peace, it can be that last bullet that ends the war and brings peace.
4. Platoon 10
In this image we can see 4 soldiers, from the first world war, each with his specific rank, only the two with the upper bayonet weapons have the same rank, the one with the flag is superior, and the one on the left is the general, the one who controls them all.
5. The renaissance
This picture is about evolution, after a long time from the war, the life appears. There is a theory in science that nothing is created, nothing disappear, everything transforms, so with the lives that ended in the war, the lives come back on earth as flowers and trees.
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Work theme: discover as many designs of Romanian traditional costumes from different areas (the ones from the above mentioned history events ).
IV MEETING ROMAN, ROMANIA 14th - 20th OCTOBER 2018 Clubul Copiilor Roman
The Great Union’s Centenary 1918-2018 In 2018, we commemorate 100 years since the major political event of the year 1918: the completion of the Romanian national state realized by the unification of Romanian provinces with Romania. At the beginning was the Unification of Basarabia with Romania (27 March 1918), then Bucovina with Romania (28 November 1918), and finally the Unification of Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş with Mother country, Romania (1st December 1918). The three unions form the Great Union together in 1918, and in 2018, 100 years after those events, we celebrate the UNION’S CENTENARY.
The Romanian popular tradition 100 years ago and today .... The Romanian port, as a general feature, has the same resemblance throughout the country, of course having detailed differences, with changes in shape, shape or just the way of using the comb and the jewelry. It has as an essential feature the unity in variety, the different costumes being characteristic of the respective regions and areas.
GERMANY
party disguise, traditionally there has never been “mini-dirndls”, the length of the dirndl should be at least knee length.
01. Bavarian costume If one speaks of Bavarian costume, then many people think at first the dirndl and the lederhosen, the Upper Bavarian mountain costume. As “the Bavarian Costume “but also the mountain costumes cannot be designated, as it is in all of Bavaria There are many variations of costume that are very different. Our districts even have costumes research centers, which are the origin of the various examine costumes. The costume is not everyday clothing in Bavaria. It is more often worn in Upper Bavaria and Munich but seldom in everyday life. Here it is customary on festive occasions and celebrations to be wearing a traditional costume.
03. The leather pant The leather pant is the classic for the men. The short leather pants were in fashion around 1800. It disappeared again until 1883, when men from Bayrischzell protested against the decline of traditions and short leather work pants could be made. They joined forces with their cause and formed a community of interests - the first Bavarian costume club. King Ludwig II supported this movement. In the following time the leather trousers were worn by the nobility in the hunt. Traditionally, the Leather pants are made of deer or chamois leather. There are differences in the length of the pants; at first it was long, from the 17th century comes the Kniebundhose and the farmers in the mountains, the pants had to be short, so as to have the necessary legroom. Lederhosen are considered extremely robust, durable and become more beautiful with age. The Lederhosen are then worn with the appropriate Wadlstrümpfen (socks that cover the calves); depending on the costume club, these vary in color and pattern.
02. The Dirndl The Dirndl is actually the working robe of young maids (“Diernen”), which served on a farm. That’s why this dress was also most ordinary; it should be hard-wearing and it would be made of linen or cotton fabrics. It consisted of a Leiblgwand, the today’s Dirndlkleid, which one wore over the Shirt. There was also an apron, which was mostly made of bed linen. These working clothes were plain and rarely had patterns or embellishments. It was not until around 1930 that the look of the dirndl changed. Women from the city discovered this Dirndl on vacation or visit in the countryside and made it “city suitable”. The Dirndls became more colorful, got embellishments and elaborate finishes. This kind of clothes have nothing to do with a historical costume. Nowadays the October Fest in Munich is a huge Dirndl fashion show. However, this clothing is seen by the respected folk associations as a
04. The traditional costumes clubs Today there are about 1000 homeland and national costume clubs in 25 district associations, which preserve the Bavarian cultural heritage and, above all, also pass it on to young people. These clubs organize all year round the most varied events and thus maintain the customs of the costume to the folk song. The photos from Bavaria show two students of our graduating class at the graduation ceremony. All the students showed up in modern dirndls. The other photos show the traditional costume from the district of Dingolfing in Lower Bavaria, as it was once worn at a wedding reception. The oldest costume club in Lower Bavaria showed this costume this year at the Oktoberfest Pageant.
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POLAND We have tried to show Polish national costumes from different parts of our country in order to present the similarities between them and the Romanian national costumes. All of the photos were taken in an ethnographic museum in Wdzydze Kiszewskie which we thought created a good background for presenting our outfits. The models were the students involved in the project and some parts of the outfits were created by them, based on historical descriptions and paintings.
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PORTUGAL As you know, the theme that were given to us for this presentation was the tradicional costumes of our region. In this way, within our options, we decided to visit the Capuchinhas’ co-operative for the making of our work. The Capuchinhas, located in Montemuro, dedicate themselves to the elaboration of clothes with traditional materials and methods with modern designs inspired in the nature’s patterns that our region offers. Situated in an old primary school in Campo Bem Feito, this co-operative makes a new collection each year. Besides that, we should highlight that all the capuchinas’work is done by hand and with the help of tradicional machines like the loom. In the production of the clothes, fabrics and materials like wool, linen and borel are used. Our work was developed in the following way. In the first visit to Capuchinhas we took pictures of their products and manufacturing and we did an interview. Next we sellected some of the pictures that we took so that they would correspond to what was asked of us. In the second visit to Capuchinhas we proceded to take more pictures and did one more interview but this time filming it. To finalize, we edited the selected pictures and chose the paper and printing method. When we were doing the work, we took into account some technical, esthetic and structure aspects. As to the structure of our work we search for a logic that would give us the human dimension of their work, the methods and practises used in the making of the fabrics. We showed the approach of the design in the creation of the clothing pieces and their connection to the surronding space.
About the framework, we prioritized the proximity plans that demonstrated the nature of the work done by the Capuchinhas. Our pictures demonstrate the calm life which matches with the old knowledges of our region. In Capuchinhas the work is always made with care and dedication, which is the opposite of mass production and its inherent inpersonality. About the light of the pictures we were always looking for a natural and interior source of lighting. In adition, about the colour we respected the natural colour of the environment of the Capuchinhas work place. The brownish tones that evoke the past and the rurality which reminds us of the incoming autumn. In the selection of the pictures we followed this line of thought : The first picture demonstrates the work space. The second, the fabrics, materials and the machines that are used. The third picture shows the human dimension of the work. In The fourth the inspiration for the clothes design is showed. Last but not the least, this picture highlights the details of the work and the final result. This was the work that we developed, we hoped that you liked it. You are always welcome to Portugal!
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BASQUE COUNTRY In the Basque Country people only wear traditional costumes during the festivals or at Christmas, specifically the day which Olentzero, who is like a Santa Claus for us, comes to our homes leaving presents under the Christmas tree. But in Romania many people use them every day. These festivals and dance teams make the Basque culture boost around young people. This is so important, because wearing those costumes and dancing all together, make people have a good time. Since we celebrate the Santo Tomas festival every year in our school, we have decided to bring a photograph taken by a group of students who were attending “Image and Sound� classes. Those ones are photograph of dance groups. Since the dance groups wear always traditional costumes taking great care with all the details, we have chosen two photographs taken by a group of dances of Eibar where we can see the traditional costumes they are wearing while they are dancing. Finally, we have decided to show some traditional costumes worn by Romanian women. Here there are two photographs taken by a teacher who has spent the summer holidays here in Romania. We hope you have enjoyed this presentation and thank you for listening.
After researching the unification of the Romanian territories 100 years ago to conform the Romania we know these days, the students made connections between the territorial unification of Romania and language unification in the Basque Country through traditional costumes. In the Basque Country people only wear traditional costumes during the festivals while in Romania many people use them every day. Romania has had three unifications throughout history since in 1599 a king called Mihai unified three counties: Moldavia, Wallachia and part of Transylvania, (what more or less is nowadays Romania) to fight against the Turkish. This union was only a year standing. The second union was in 1859 when the president Ion Cuza the unified Moldavia and Wallachia conforming the kingdom of Romania. The last unification took place in December of 1918, after the dissolution of the Austro Hungarian Empire, when Transylvania and other territories joined The Romanian Kingdom. During the First World War and the Second World War Romania had
been winning and losing territory because of the conflicts with the Russians and the Hungarians. The south part of the Rumanian coast was taken by the Hungarians and the north part of Romania was taken by the Russians. In The Basque Country there have been different kinds of unifications too. The unification of our language is one of the most important ones we have experienced. As many of you surely know, in The Basque Country we speak the oldest language of Europe (Euskara). It is the only language with no Indo-European origin. Although the language has survived thousands of years, in the middle of the twentieth century it was in a difficult situation. On the one hand, it had suffered state repression, and on the other hand, it had not had any clear written rules about grammar, vocabulary and spelling. As a result, it was difficult to create the appropriate conditions for the correct development of the language. PHOTOHISTORY PROJECT | ERASMUS+ P56
V MEETING SIERAKOVICE, POLAND
19th - 25th MAY 2019 Zespol Szkol Ponadgimnazjalnych W. Sierakovicach Solidariety Movement On 22 September 1980, Solidarity, the independent Polish trade union, was formally founded when 36 regional unions united under the name „Solidarność”. The union emerged from a strike which began in August 1980 at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk. Led by Lech Walesa, workers demanded reinstatement of laid off colleagues and wage rises,and over a few days strikes spread throughout most of Poland. On 31 August, an agreement was reached between the communist authorities and strikers that allowed for free and independent unions, together with freedom of religious and political expression. Within a year the union had 10 million members, a third of Poland’s working age population. Its creation gave birth to other countries’ fight for independence and led to the fall of Soviet Union and communism In Europe. What better topic to choose for our meeting In Poland than “Solidarity”? Being so close to Gdańsk Students will have the opportunity to go back in time and visit the actual shipyard where it all begun.
GERMANY Hand in Hand This picture shows 4 Arms with the Hands holding on to each other while the Solidarnosc puts its weight onto them. It´s a metaphorical expression of supporting each other while being under pressure. Fear During the time of the Solidarnosc many people were afraid of the movement as there was a lot of violence and blood. The Berlin Wall This picture shows the movement that was leading to the collapse of the Berlin Wall. It was also lead by the people fighting for their freedom. Helping each other This picture shows the simple people and blue collar workers helping each other during the period of Solidarnosc.
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PORTUGAL Narrative: We tried to present the places and iconography of a time, putting in parallel two revolutions relatively close in time, but quite different in its reasons and ideologies. We wanted to make evocative photographs from that past, marked by almost the absence of people. Like the places that were once full of courageous people were now in a sort of lethargic rest, in an anxious silence, waiting for the next revolution. We have the first two images that represent April 25th of 1974 and the two last that evoke the solidarity movement. Technical/Aesthetic Aspects: Framework: We chose general plans of spaces, we sought some distancing of the places and objects. We wanted to see everything on an outisde perspective like someone who observes with precision and admiration of the passion, the utopias and bravery of those who contributed for the way we live differently today. Color: We chose black and white because it seemed to us more evocative of the time that passed by the portrayed events. It also pleased us the sobriety and the deeper connection with the emotional memory that evokes all of those who participated in both revolutions. Light: In both the exterior photographs and the interior ones we worked only with natural light, seeking to reinforce the authenticity of the places and light that were with those who were once there.
In this image we have an empty room that resembles the time of April 25th of 1974. In this image the most important elements are the empty armchair and the old radio. The radio was very important to this revolution because it was through it that the people knew when the revolution started and when it had ended . A glorious song was played at the end to let the people know that they were finally free. The people left their houses and went into the streets to celebrate. The homes that were once full of fear and anxiety were now empty because the people had left and they were filled now with freedom and happiness.
The carnation became a symbol of the April 25th revolution when a florist started offering them to soldiers in the streets when everyone was celebrating. The soldiers put the carnations in their shotguns and that image became an iconic symbol of this event, representing freedom and peace. In this image we can see the carnation in a shotgun which is in front of many army cars. We wanted to resemble the image that this revolution is mostly known for therefore we used the carnation to embellish the army setting.
In this image we can see a boy looking at fairly empty shelves in a store. During the communist regime in Poland there was a lot of poverty and hunger, a lot of stores didn’t have anything in stock so the people were desperate to change. This image resembles that same feeling, the fear, the anger, the despair, and the need to do something.
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ROMANIA 1. Dreaming with open eyes
The polish young girl hopes for a better future, freedom and democracy. Her youth can create dreams that can become reality.
2. Solidarity
You can make us blind, but can not stole our feelings. Even if you try to manipulate us, we will judge with heart.
3. Visionary
Like Lech Walesa, we, the youth, today’s generation, try to carry on the concept of freedom and equality for which he fought. Freedom is the easiest and most beautiful experience expressed through art, regardless of its type. A painter draws ideas that come to life and meaning through the colors used. The musician expresses feelings. Each note vibrates with the freedom experienced by the artist. Freedom is up to each of us to understand and accept and continue the dream of Lech Walesa.
4. Individuality and equality
In this image we can see many tools scattered in a table, a very unorganized setting, almost as if the people working there suddenly left that place leaving things just as they were. The solidarity movement wanted to give the workers more rights, so this picture seeks to resemble the feeling of responsability that the workers felt to stand up for their rights, leaving their work places and going out to fight for justice.
Equality can only exist in mathematics, said Eminescu, a Romanian poet. We are not born equal, that’s why we have an individual equality. Human virtue, courage and organization make the difference. Equality between people cannot exist as long as we are different, but, we could have common goals, equality in thought and solidarity we can achieve common goals. Everyone’s opinions matter!
5. A revolution of the soul
If you want to look in our pockets and in our stores ... communism has done little for us. But if you want to know what’s in our souls ... communism has done a lot for us. Lech Wałęsa
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BASQUE COUNTRY
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1st Photograph: “Shipyard” Taken by Agustín Díez Guinea represents the political and labour conflict in Poland and in Basque Country in the 70s and in the 80s. When the oil crisis erupted in 1973, European areas where the main source of wealth was heavy manufacturing production, such as Basque Country and Poland, were hit dramatically. Despite the different ways of acting of the governments, in both countries, people took to the streets in big numbers to complain about their situation. The movement originated in the shipbuilding industry gained support from other sectors 2nd Photograph: “Workforce” Taken by Agustín Diéz Guinea represents the workers who were the most vulnerable people when facing crisis period. Fortunately, when the situation turns unbearable they are able to organise themselves within trade unions and to force the owner of the factories to negotiate. 3rd Photograph: “Vulnerability” Taken by Emma Baños Tood represents the disadvantaged groups of people in our current society. After reflecting on the matters in the 70s and 80s in both countries, we have concluded that in both cases the working class was a vulnerable group who suffered in a more callous way the deterioration of the economic conditions. Fortunately, they managed to gather enough strength and support to force the government to negotiate better conditions for them. 4th Photograph: “Retired” Taken by Emma Baños Tood represents the senior citizens. Retired people are claiming worthy pensions because they don´t get the money that they deserve. After spending most of their live working, many elderly make ends meet with serious difficulties because of their low retirement pension. They have been able to organize themselves. Pensioners wear red
scarves and can easily be identified every Monday at 12 noon when they gather in front of the Town Hall in Bilbao to complain about their pensions and to publically demand increases in their state income. At these protests, people shout and blow whistles to get attention. 5th Photograph “Feminism” Taken by Olatz Ereño Arrizabalaga represent the gaps between men and women in our society. Although the law makes men and women equals, there are still some gaps, such as gender pay gap or dream gap, which can create unfair situations. In order to fight against injustice, feminist’s calls for demonstrations are becoming common in our cities.
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GENERAL MEETING PHOTOS
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I MEETING PESO DA RÉGUA, PORTUGAL The Douro Region and Manoel de Oliveira’s Singular Type of Art Cinema
II MEETING REGENSBURG, GERMANY Drachenstich - Spearing the Dragon
III MEETING DURANGO, BASQUE COUNTRY The Bombing of Durango
IV MEETING ROMAN, ROMANIA The Great Union’s Centenary
V MEETING SIERAKOVICE, POLAND Solidariety Movement