HAKA RECYCLE OFFICE

1

HAKA RECYCLE OFFICE

BY DOEPEL STRIJKERS

AN APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE INTERIORS

IN COLLABORATION WITH

COR LUIJTEN, ROTTERDAM PUBLIC WORKS OTTO FRIEBEL, VAN GANSEWINKEL GROUP

01. INTRODUCTION

“The protection of biodiversity and ecosystems must be a priority in our quest to build a stronger, fairer and cleaner world economy. Rather than an excuse to delay further action, the recent financial and economic crisis should serve as a reminder of the urgency of developing greener economies.”

– Angel Gurria, Secretary General, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010.

6

1.5 WORLDS IN 2007

In 2007 we collectively consumed 1.5 times the resources that the world could provide at that moment.

2.8 WORLDS IN 2030

If we continue at this pace it is predicted that in 2030 we will need 2.8 worlds to satisfy our resource demands.

sources: Living Planet Report, 2010 / Based on the Footprint Scenario Calculator developed by the Global Footprint Network (GFN), 2010.

2040 As the effects of climate change become more and more evident

GLOBAL CONTEXT

As the effects of climate change become more and more evident

no longer be sourced from within national boundaries, they are

in the built environment, mitigation and adaptation strategies

increasingly being sought from other parts of the world. The effects

gain precedence over another global challenge that will radically

are clearly visible in the Living Planet Indices for the tropical world

shape our urban future – the challenge of resource depletion.

and for the world’s poorer countries – both which have fallen by

According to the WWF in their Living Planet Report of 2010, there

60% since 1970. For all of us, these figures raise fundamental

is a doubling of our demands on the natural world since the 60’s.

questions of how we can adapt our ways of living and definitions

Rapid economic growth has fuelled an ever-increasing demand

of development to include the imperatives of nurturing the world’s

for resources – for food and drink, energy, transport, electronic

natural resources, living within their regenerative capacity and

products, living space, and space to dispose of wastes, particularly

appreciating the true value of the goods and services they provide1.

carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. As these resources can 1 WWF, Living Planet Report 2010.

7

liveability

01. INTRODUCTION

THE THREE E’S

Indicators for sustainable development

EQUITY

ECOLOGY

ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

source: based on the diagram by McDonough, W. & Braungart, 2002.

EQUITY, ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY

The triple bottom line (abbreviated as TBL) and also known as “people, planet, profit” or “the three pillars” captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success: economic, ecological and social. In 2002, Braungart and McDonough released the publication Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things 4. Put simply, it is a holistic economic, industrial and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not just efficient but essentially waste free.

Cradle-to-Cradle is based on the triangle of Equity Ecology, and Economy. Because the HAKA case study is primarily dealing with the notion of a ‘wasteless’ building, it is appropriate to adopt this classification to evaluate the project. A project can only claim to be sustainable when the three components are present and in balance with each other.

4 McDonough, W. & Braungart, M.; Cradle to Cradle – Remaking the Way We

14

Make Things; NorthPoint Press, 2002.

“It all starts with the design and development phase of (new) products. There the difference is made, by choosing the right natural resources and materials.

It is crucial that the logistics are well organised to facilitate the recovery of valuable materials from products in the end-of-life phase. These materials are then the source for new products.

The circle is closed and waste is eliminated.� – Otto Friebel, van Gansewinkel Group, 2011.

15

HAKA on the Vierhaven Street

roof with installations

balcony

16

roof with skylights

17

02. HAKA CASESTUDY

HAKA BUILDING

Almost simultaneously with the Unilever building, the architect H.F. Mertens realized a new headquarters for the Cooperative Wholesale Chamber of Commerce (HAKA). The company building contained offices, storage, factory space and workshops.

The strategic location on the Vierhaven Street, with the backside facing the Lek harbour, facilitated the logistics of transporting products by water and loading them directly into the silos at the top of the building. main staircase, east side

The offices were located on either side of an aisle in the east part of the building. The northwest part of the building contained and factory, combined with storage, packing and an expedition area on the ground floor. Factory, workshop and storage were connected by a complex system of conveyors, elevators, chutes and slides.

The raw produce literally worked its way down the building from the silos in the top, to the factory and packaging levels, to finally be stored and expedited on the ground floor. This happened on the Vierhaven Street side, where large double doors could be opened and the packaged products loaded onto trains and in later years onto trucks. The massive concrete structure and unusual bay width of zeven meters is based on the length of the trains that were used in that time. toilet

central staircase

18

massive poured concrete structure

glass room on top of the roof

On November 26th, 1932 the building was officially opened. In the sixties, the cooperative dissolved. The building was renovated in the late eighties and stood vacant for almost twenty years from the nineties until Vestia bought it in 2009. Within the framework of the Clean Tech Delta and ambitions of the Stadshavens, it was designated as a hub for clean-tech activity. The complex was coined an ‘Urban Living Lab’ with the ambition of attracting innovative companies, institutions and authorities in the field of energy and water. By pooling their knowledge and research, this hub, in combination with other initiatives in the Stadshavens, will act as a catalyst for the transition of the area. Urban Breeze was given the task of generating a concept for the sustainable exploitation of the building, starting with the ground floor in 2010.

typical factory floor

19

CO2

+ WASTE

EQUITY

CO2

+ WASTE

EQUITY

02. HAKA CASESTUDY ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

liveability urban processes

liveability

OLOGY

ECONOMY AMBITIONS

CO2

• REALIZE A MIXED-USE INTERIOR, FLEXIBLE ENOUGH + WASTE

TO CHANGE IN FUNCTION IN THE FUTURE.

me more and more evident

EQUITY ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

liveability

EQUITY

ECONOMY

• CLUSTER COLLECTIVE FUNCTIONS TO FACILITATE INFORMAL INCOUNTERS. • INVOLVE END USERS IN A CO-CREATIVE PROCESS. EQUITY ECOLOGY

• DESIGN FOR BUILD BY UNSKILLED LABOUR – THE SOCIA COMPONENT. ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

• REDUCE THE CO2 FOOTPRINT THROUGH REUSE OF LOCAL WASTE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. ECOLOGY

• LIMIT THE NUMBER OF KILOMETRES TRAVELLED

BY HARVESTING MATERIALS CLOSE TO SITE. ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

• CREATE AN ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT MODEL TO GENERATE ADDED VALUE. • ENSURE THAT THE PROJECT IS COST NEUTRAL (COMPARED TO AN INTERIOR BUILT WITH NEW MATERIALS).

20

METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS

In a number of workshops with the client Vestia and the

HAKA building. In some cases this process was linear, but in a

exploitation company Urban Breeze, a program of uses was

number of instances, due to external circumstances, the desired

defined. The functions in the east wing (former office) would

materials were not extracted in time or not at all. In Katendrecht

become an auditorium flexible enough to function as workshop

for example, the doors that were reserved could not be delivered

and meeting spaces, together with a temporary exhibition space

because the building was squatted days before the demolition was

to showcase innovations. The west wing (former factory and

planned to begin. On finding an alternative material the design of

expedition) was to become a flexible office landscape with meeting

the object had to be totally redone. It soon became apparent that

room and pantry. In the future as the floors higher in the building

the objects should only be designed once the materials had been

are completed, the office functions will move up and the ground

harvested and brought to site.

floor will become a fully-fledged biological restaurant. In the entrance, in-between the two wings, an eye-catching reception

The interior was built with a team of ex-convicts under

should be realized.

professional guidance. This implementation process with cheap unskilled labour has implications for the design. The design of the

Based on this, a concept plan for the ground floor could be made,

elements was kept simple, with repetitive details not requiring

without knowing what the materialisation of the individual objects

complex technical operations. It also provided the opportunity

would be. In collaboration with the Rotterdam Public Works and

to design with the awareness of a labour-intensive realization.

the van Gansewinkel Group, demolition sites in and around

A new affordable craftsmanship with rich detail was thus made

Rotterdam were selected and visited. In contrast to a traditional

possible. This process resulted in richly designed elements that

project, the material choice is ‘supply’ driven as opposed to

demonstrate qualities that are normally too expensive to realize

‘demand’ driven. An inventory of the available materials per

in a conventional design process.

demolition object was made. With this information the initial objects could be further designed and principle details determined.

Each step in the process was carefully monitored to supply data to evaluate the effectiveness of the project on completion.

On the demolition side, a deal could be made between Urban

The data collection was categorised into three groups: CO2

Breeze and the contractor (facilitated by the Public Works and van

emissions, man-hours and material and labour costs.

Gansewinkel) to remove the elements and transport them to the

21

SOURCE

POSTWAR HOUSING

GREENHOUSES

DEMOLITION

de Velden

‘Reytec’

MATERIALS DIY ‘Komu’

FACTORY

SCHOOL

RESIDUAL

brick kiln factory

primary school

clothing ‘Memotex’

‘de Kei’

PREWAR HOUSING Katendrecht

MATERIALS

BOARD DOORS

ROOF SLATS

CONSTRUCTION BEAMS

BEAMS

PANELS

SOLID DOORS

UNDERLAYMENT

ALUMINIUM PROFILES

TRESPA PANELS

FLOAT GLASS

CLOTHING

02. HAKA CASESTUDY

INTERIOR DESIGN

The building was originally conceived as a machine, a physical translation of the production processes for which it was designed.

A central street separated the offices to the east from the factory spaces to the west.

The logic of the original design forms the point of departure for the redevelopment of the building. The first phase is limited to the ground floor, with features that make the initial exploitation possible.

30

PLAN GROUND FLOOR EAST SIDE

06 05

04 07

03

02

01

WEST SIDE

07

08

08

10

09

LEGEND

25 m

01 podium 02 auditorium seating 03 auditorium wall 04 show blocks 05 exhibition seating 06 projection wall 07 reception desk 08 platform 09 pantry / bar / kitchen 10 meeting room

31

5m

0m

02. HAKA CASESTUDY

The central street is once again activated as the main entrance by opening it up with large glass windows. Because the building stood vacant for nearly twenty years, it is important to make a strong gesture towards the street so that passers-by are engaged by the building and intrigued that ‘something is happening’.

A mix of orange and white TL-lamps are hung vertically generating repetition of lines visible from the road. The entrance area is predominantly filled with orange lamps, clearly designating the point of entry. A single orange line of lamps follows the path from the entrance to the outer ends of both wings of the building.

main entrance with vertical TL-lamps

32

reception desk, front

side

The reception desk in the entrance hall is composed out of two complementary volumes. The base is made out of roof slats in a modular form, with open elements at the front to more closed elements at the back. As the needs of the user change more of the open structure can be filled in to form additional shelf space for books, marketing material or merchandising in a later phase.

Hovering above the base, in an almost surreal manner is a glass ‘hood’ constructed from a second hand greenhouse from the village Monster in the Westland. The tensile strength of aluminium and glass are exploited tocreate this weightless structure.

The new HAKA logo is given a prominent position on the front of this element.

back

33

02. HAKA CASESTUDY

The public area in the original factory part offers space to work, as well as meeting and hospitality functions. A raised platform functions as a temporary office space for current tenants and will be used as a restaurant in the next phase of the development.

The initial plan was to make the platform from second hand doors but because these could not be extracted in time, due to squatters in the building. An alternative was found in the form of large wooden panels from an old kiln factory in Hengelo. At a distance of 187.4 km, these elements were by far the furthest of all materials used in the project. The platforms comprise of a number of large stair-like elements with storage space to the sides which doubles as a railing. Different offices rent space on the platforms, the different levels demarcate where one office begins and the other ends. The wireless internet connection makes flexible working possible on the tables scattered around the platforms

stair-like elements

and on the old concrete floor.

platform and storage space

The centrally located catering point functions as a pantry for the companies on the platforms and as a kitchen and bar during events. Like the ‘hood’ of the reception desk, this is made from a second hand greenhouse. Besides the appliances, the stainless steel kitchen units and tables are all second hand. This pantry will be extended into a professional kitchen for a restaurant operator in the next phase of development.

34

pantry from second hand greenhouse elements

35

acoustic wall, show blocks and exhibition seating

38

39

podium, benches and acoustic wall

The auditorium itself is composed out of two timber elements,

functions for a debate The benches are made out of timber struts

a stage and rows of benches. The stage has a rough timber

in a simple generic form. The simple repetition of the basic

frame and is clad in wooden roof slats. Two fold-up podiums are

elements was easy for the unskilled labour to make and results

concealed in the stage making flexible use possible. If both are

in an intriguing image. All of the wood for these elements came

concealed the stage can be used for a performance, with one

from the Komu in Vlaardingen.

folded up it is perfect for a lecture, and with two folded up it

42

auditorium benches and podium

auditorium

43

03. EVALUATION

RESULTS

01. The pilot test shows that all HAKA-made furniture has a CO2 benefit. The CO2 factor (CO2 HAKA divided by CO2 NEW) is below 1 for all of the elements. This is especially true for those where products were directly reused (for example the doors of the meeting room or greenhouse frames in the show blocks), and where the materials were directly brought from the demolition site to the HAKA building.

02. The CO2 results are based on assumptions. Comparisons have been made based on the same functionality and same materials. Especially when using other materials, a different CO2 outcome can be expected, like in the clothing in the acoustic wall. The amount of CO2 required would be significantly less should wood be used instead of clothing (NEW).

03. The striking dis-balance in the man-hours to make certain HAKA furniture (auditorium benches and acoustic wall) should be viewed in relation to the sustainability factor: the Social Component. Additionally, some elements are made very efficiently, such as the show blocks, exhibition benches and the reception desk.

04. The architectural beauty of the elements, longer life cycle of materials and use of the social component clearly add value to the HAKA interior.

48

“The use of demolition materials for new interior elements is attractive in terms of the CO2 reduction and the social component, big wins are booked through direct product reuse and the short transport distances.”

– Cor Luijten, Rotterdam Public Works, 2011.

49

PODIUM

AUDITORIUM SEATING

SHOW BLOCKS

EXHIBITION SEATING

PLATFORM

PANTRY / BAR / KITCHEN

AUDITORIUM WALL

RECEPTION DESK

MEETING ROOM

OVERVIEW OF HAKA ELEMENTS

Based on the available material flows from both demolition sites and production processes, nine elements were realised in the first phase of the HAKA development. Although each element has it’s own distinctive look and feel, the collection works as a homogenous whole. This can be attributed to the clear predetermined design criteria. Because the design of each element follows the same logic regarding to material use and handling, the overall effect is harmonious.

PODIUM

AUDITORIUM SEATING

MATERIAL PER OBJECT

POSTWAR HOUSING de Velden

GREENHOUSES ‘Reytec’

DEMOLITION MATERIALS DIY ‘Komu’

FACTORY brick kiln factory

SCHOOL primary school ‘de Kei’

RESIDUAL clothing ‘Memotex’

PREWAR HOUSING Katendrecht

TOTAL MATERIALS

AUDITORIUM WALL

SHOW BLOCKS

EXHIBITION SEATING

RECEPTION DESK

PLATFORM

PANTRY / BAR /

MEETING ROOM

LEGEND

KITCHEN

WOOD

board doors

roof slats

construction beams

beams (4 X 4)

panels

solid doors

underlayment

METAL

aluminium profiles

PLASTIC

Trespa panels

GLASS

TEXTILE

clothing

FASTENERS

03. EVALUATION

DIAGRAM AUDITORIUM SEATING 4.0

CO2

MAN-HOURS

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

LABOUR COSTS

MATERIAL COSTS

4.0

4.0

12.00 4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0 0.93

1.0

0.14

ECONOMY

ECOLOGY

EQUITY

DESIGN AUDITORIUM SEATING

AUDITORIUM SEATING

The benches are made out of timber 4 x 4 struts in a generic form.

A series of these elements forms a bench. The benches in turn can be linked in rows for the auditorium configuration. By sorting the wood in colour batches, a gradient is achieved from front to back of the auditorium. The simple repetition of the basic elements was supposed to be easy for the unskilled labour to construct. However, the form proved to be difficult for them. The time spent by the reintegration team was twelve times more than would be spent by an equally large team of professional carpenters making it the least efficient element in the series.

56

DIAGRAM AUDITORIUM WALL 4.0

CO2

MAN-HOURS

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

LABOUR COSTS

MATERIAL COSTS

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

2.08 2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.10

ECONOMY

0.05

ECOLOGY

DESIGN AUDITORIUM WALL

EQUITY

AUDITORIUM WALL

Constructed from eight tons of clothing the flexible acoustic partition wall ensures that the space can be adapted to changing needs. A wooden frame with 60 cm deep shelves supports the clothes. Wheels under each element make it possible to reconfigure the space. The calculation of a new wall is based on the same materials with the same functionality. This means, making a wall using new clothing as opposed to second hand.

In reality however, one would never propose to do this, but for the purposes of the evaluation it gives a clear indication of the immense CO2 reduction.

57

03. EVALUATION

LESSONS LEARNT

ALIGNING SUPPLY AND DEMAND

deliver the glass without the frame than to deliver it including

The biggest obstacle in the process was aligning ‘supply’ and

frame. One solution could have been to make a design using the

‘demand’. The materials from demolition objects did not always

product (glass and frame) 1:1. This idea was however discarded

arrive to site on time, resulting in last minute changes in plans.

as the pvc frame does not comply with the criteria of keeping

In certain instances this involved buying second-hand materials

pure (non-toxic) materials in the material life cycle.

from the Komu in Vlaardingen and changing the design of the

elements based on the substitute materials.

LOGISTICAL OPTIMALISATION

A traditional design to build process is characterised by linear Additionally, the materials that could be harvested from the

phases in which the program of uses is followed by a design phase,

demolition object were not always appropriate for simple

from sketch design to working drawings. This is directly followed

construction into a new element. For example, a design was made

by the tender process and selection of a builder. The HAKA process

for a meeting room based on double glazed elements (Thermopane).

is different to this because obtaining materials from demolition

The ambition to make the walls using as little material in as pure

sites implies a ‘supply’ driven process as opposed to a ‘demand’

form as possible resulted in a beautiful architectural solution that

driven one. This results in a design process in which the linear

was too complex for the unskilled labour to make. An additional

phasing is replaced by an overlapping one. Supply and demand

obstacle was that it is more expensive for the demolitionists to

are inter-connected and influence each other.

implementation contractor

purchase material

Conventional process tender

design process

COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND RECYCLE OFFICE DESIGN TO REALISATION PROCESS

program of uses

time

implementation contractor social component

demolition design mock up

specification phase

supply inventory

HAKA casestudy process program of uses

incoming demolition material

time

66

MATERIAL BROKERS

DEVELOP AN ECONOMIC MODEL

From a design and process point of view, scouting for materials

If the ambition is to keep materials in the life cycle for longer, then

on demolition sites is ineffective. Buying second-hand products

it is conceivable that a new economic model can be developed

and materials from a material broker such as Komu in Vlaardingen

to achieve this for interior projects. Interiors have a relatively

is an ideal solution. However, the origin and history of materials

short life span, ranging from a couple of years to maximally ten.

from the Komu are not traceable. Should one want to evaluate

In order to ensure that the materials in a project find their way

projects using sustainability standards, a comprehensive database

back into the material chain, materials could be brought back to

with this information would have to be developed. This has major

suppliers after use, just as we do with printer cartridges. Such a

implications for all actors in the chain and will only happen if

‘rental’ or ‘deposit’ model would make this possible. The next step

policy in this regard were to be developed by national authorities.

in this evolution could be manufacturer as opposed to industry related demolition.

THE SOCIAL COMPONENT

The realization of projects with people who have a distance to the

labour market has its consequences. Their lack of knowledge and

By taking disassembly into consideration, interior elements

carpentry skills impacts directly on their effectiveness. The design

and products can be designed so that they can easily be

of the elements must be devised so that unskilled labour can build

directly reused or dismantled into pure materials for a second

them without the presence of a professional. Simple, easy to

(or third) life. In so doing, one could potentially recapture

reproduce elements with a high level of repetition and minimum of

all materials, closing cycles so that waste does not exist.

technical handlings is the best option. The making of the objects has an educative element. In a didactic manner knowledge of how to work with wood or other materials is transferred.

Working with a social component can be professionalized.

Low wages make it attractive to work with them, however, an organized form in which costs, planning and skills match the demand is lacking. By organizing the implementation process in complementary teams where both technical and social learning is central, some of the disadvantages this unskilled labour has compared to professionals can be overcome. This requires re-training courses for administrators and supervisors with a focus on social and technical skills.

Through evaluation and feedback between market and work providers with a social component, and training and reinforcement in the tendering process of sustainable demolition objects, one can accelerate the ‘trial and error’ stage resulting in a professional socially sustainable alternative for future construction projects.

67

DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

PODIUM

AUDITORIUM

AUDITORIUM WALL

SHOW BLOCKS

EXHIBITION SEATING

SEATING

FACTOR MATRIX

CO2

225

1.145

10.000

30

50

330

1.226

200.000

3.300

2.130

FACTOR

0,7

0,9

0,05

0,01

0,02

304

2.880

1.496

8

56

80

240

720

24

24

3,8

12

2,08

0,33

2,33

3.000

7.200

6.700

560

400

11.080

33.240

99.720

3.324

3.324

0,27

0,22

0,07

0,17

0,12

300

4.000

18.000

2.200

3.400

15.587

46.760

140.280

4.676

4.676

0,02

0,09

0,13

0,47

0,73

CO2

FACTOR MAN-HOURS

FACTOR LABOUR COSTS

FACTOR MATERIAL COSTS

RECEPTION DESK

PLATFORM

KITCHEN BAR /

MEETING ROOM

LEGEND

PANTRY

HAKA NEW

87

1.040

85

66

560

3.053

2.300

737

0,16

0,34

0,04

0,09

40

464

160

128

72

160

240

40

0,56

2,90

0,67

3,2

1.120

11.250

3.500

2.750

9.972

22.160

33.240

5.540

0,11

0,51

0,11

0,50

1.050

8.800

3.450

450

14.028

31.173

46.760

7.793

0,07

0,28

0,07

0,06

03. EVALUATION

TOOLBOX For the office market where vacancy rates have reached record levels (seven million square meters in 2011), it’s time to look for alternative strategies. Demographic developments (reduction in working population), changing work processes (working at home) and technological advancements are also reducing the demand for office space. Finding new (temporary) solutions for the existing vacant building stock is essential. Based on the lessons learnt during the HAKA pilot and using the matrix of materials, a toolbox of generic elements for an office with public areas was developed.

The toolbox offers a selection of sustainable elements that can be used to generate an ‘affordable’ office interior. This is not only applicable as an interim solution for vacant buildings, but also for shrinking businesses that are reorganising their workspace to accommodate home and flexible working. This calls for a reduction in quantity and the creation of new quality. These elements were designed with flexibility in mind. Functional working environments can be created with open, informal and closed spaces. The potential range of interiors is unlimited, from traditional offices interiors to environments where the emphasis lies on communication and interaction with colleagues.

By choosing for this model of (re)development, a company can demonstrate it’s commitment to social and ecological sustainability.

It links vacancy and unemployment to CO2 reductions and as proved in the HAKA case study, can result in an attractive working environment. As long as buildings continue to be demolished, this method could offer a transition model towards a more sustainable environment.

CLOSED SPACE – UNDERLAYMENT

RECEPTION DESK – SLATS

OPEN SPACE – ADJUSTABLE

WORKING STATION – BEAMS

PODIUM – BEAMS

STORAGE SPACE – GREENHOUSE ELEMENTS

INFORMAL SEATING – DOORS

INFORMAL SEATING – BEAMS

WORK STATION – CONCENTRATION – SLATS

HALF OPEN SPACE – GREENHOUSE ELEMENTS

03. EVALUATION

TOOLBOX BEAMS

CLOSED SPACE

OPEN SPACE

STORAGE

PODIUM

open, large

flat

74

OPEN SPACE

RECEPTION DESK

adjustable

closed

WORK STATION

INFORMAL SEATING

two persons, concentration

two persons, double sided and partition

75

03. EVALUATION

TOOLBOX SLATS

CLOSED SPACE

OPEN SPACE

STORAGE

PODIUM

large

lecture

76

OPEN SPACE

RECEPTION DESK

adjustable

WORK STATION

INFORMAL SEATING

one person

two persons

77

03. EVALUATION

TOOLBOX DOORS

CLOSED SPACE

OPEN SPACE

horizontal

STORAGE

PANTRY / BAR / KITCHEN

large

78

OPEN SPACE

RECEPTION DESK

adjustable

small

WORK STATION

INFORMAL SEATING

two persons

small

79

04. CONCLUSIONS

OVERALL CONCLUSIONS

The use of demolition materials for new furniture in the HAKA building is in terms of CO2 and the social component has proven to be appealing. Here the direct product reuse and short transport distances are the big wins. By keeping the materials in the life cycle the use of primary resources is reduced. It should be taken into account that for this pilot project, there is an imbalance between man-hours, costs and CO2 for some elements. For a complete comparison a more detailed calculation should be made as part of the Life Cycle Analysis / Life Cycle Cost.

This pilot however, unequivocally demonstrates that closing material cycles in this manner is a sustainable strategy. The HAKA case study has provided valuable insights into the potentials of coupling spatial development to a strong social component. By closing the material cycles and by re-thinking the organisational model, the economic flow is redirected for the benefit of the direct environment. This alternative model for development results in more than just a beautiful interior, it creates social, economic and ecological value.

The challenge now is to optimize the method and upscale it to the district scale. By testing the toolbox in other locations the strategy can be refined. In order to achieve this, the concept must be embraced by the market. Companies must be stimulated to adopt the strategy as part of their sustainability agenda, only in this manner will this promising approach evolve into a strategy that can be implemented on a large scale for other construction and renovation projects.

82

auditorium wall

83

AUDITORIUM WALL

SHOW BLOCKS

• 800 kg wood from Wesgram to the HAKA

• 700 kg aluminium from Reytec to the HAKA

• From Wesgram (demolition site) to HAKA

(second hand greenhouse)

(one time transport, no storage or transfer)

• 270 kg glass

• 8.000 kg clothing; total 550 km (the wall has a special function,

• From Reytec to HAKA

making it from another material like soft wood

(one time transport, no storage or transfer)

(instead of new clothing) would result in 1.000 kg CO2)

CO2 HAKA

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

demolition transport demolition site to Komu

to occur in the future

6 km

10 kg

electric saw 3.000 watt

20 hours*1,8

36 kg

electric screwdriver

30 hours*0,3

9 kg

550 km

550 kg

1 time, 8 ton

40 kg

PM

0.000 kg

transport clothing storage and transfer washing second hand clothing

Total CO2

(rounded off)

10.000 kg

CO2 NEW

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

CO2 HAKA

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

demolition transport Reytec to HAKA

30 km

30 kg

30 kg

Total CO2

CO2 NEW

to occur in the future

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

saving soft wood

1 ton

127 kg

saving aluminium

1 ton

2.600 kg

making new element

75%

35 kg

saving float glass

0,5 ton

275 kg

8*26.000

208.000 kg

PM

360 kg

550 km

550 kg

60 km

60 kg

1 time, 8 ton

40 kg

1 time, 1 ton

5 kg

saving clothes transport storage and transfer

Total CO2

(rounded off)

20.000 kg

making new element transport storage and transfer

Total CO2

3.300 kg

EXHIBITION SEATING

RECEPTION DESK

• 100 doors from demolition site de Velden to HAKA

• 100 kg aluminium from Reytec to the HAKA

(one time transport, no storage or transfer)

(second hand greenhouse) • 200 kg glass from Reytec to HAKA (one time transport, no storage or transfer) • 200 kg roof slats from Komu to HAKA

CO2 HAKA

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

demolition transport de Velden to HAKA

to occur in the future

CO2 HAKA

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

demolition

to occur in the future

10 km

20 kg

transport Reytec to HAKA

30 km

30 kg

electric saw 3.000 watt

16 hours*1,8

25 kg

transport demolition site to Komu

30 km

30 kg

electric screwdriver

16 hours*0,3

5 kg

1 time, 1 ton

5 kg

10 km

10 kg

tacker 1.500 watt

8 hours*0,9

8 kg

electric saw 1.000 watt

8 hours*0,6

5 kg

drill 800 watt

4 hours*0,5

2 kg

storage and transfer transport Komu to HAKA

Total CO2

50 kg

CO2 NEW saving doors

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

87 kg

Total CO2

CO2 NEW

UNIT

KILOGRAM CO2

100 doors

2.000 kg

saving aluminium

0,1 ton

260 kg

(including production)

saving float glass

0,2 ton

110 kg

60 km*2

120 kg

saving soft wood

0,2 ton

25 kg

2 times, 1 ton

10 kg

PM

100 kg

60 km

60 kg

1 time, 1 ton

5 kg

transport storage and transfer

making new element transport storage and transfer

Total CO2

2.130 kg

Total CO2

560 kg