Reinhabiting Industrial Space (Spring 2016)

REINHABITING INDUSTRIAL SPACE

PREPARED FOR MIKE MICHON 180 PLEASANT STREET EASTHAMPTON MA Mike Conover | Max Ehrman-Shapiro The Conway School, Spring 2016

In the last twenty years there has been a renewed interest in the old abandoned mill buildings scattered around the region. These structures are being reborn as multi-use facilities, often housing residential, commercial, and industrial spaces under a single roof.

Historical and Ecological Context..................................................................3

Mill 180, originally built in 1860, has been renovated over the last ten years. As of now, all available spaces within the building have been rented. A number of industrial firms and artists lease space on the first floor, including New City Brewery, Mountain Base Manufacturing, and Urban Power USA, which specializes in the design and construction of horizontal wind turbines. The second floor is home to a salon, a couple of community organizations, and the Conway School’s Easthampton campus. This floor is also the future home of the Community Food Engine, a hydroponic vegetable farm and restaurant. The third floor contains twenty-four loft apartments as well as the office for Interland Real Estate LLC, which owns the building. Recently, Mill 180 was one of the recipients of a shared 2.7-million-dollar MassWorks grant to improve parking on site and help Mill 180 connect to the Manhan Rail Trail, which runs beside the building.

Steep Slopes and Vegetation...........................................................................5

Access and Circulation.........................................................................................4 413-369-4044

The Elements: Sun, Wind, and Water...........................................................6 Pleasant Street Parking: Upper Lot Analysis............................................7 Pleasant Street Parking: Design Alternatives............................................8 Pleasant Street Parking: Preferred Design.................................................9

Making The Connection.................................................................................... 14 Making The Connection: Design Alternatives......................................... 15 Making The Connection: Preferred Design.............................................. 16 Beer Garden............................................................................................................ 17 Riparian Buffer Management.......................................................................... 18

Prepared for Mike Michon

Upper Roof: Preferred Design......................................................................... 12

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Rooftop Design Alternatives..............................................................................11

Resiliency Opportunities................................................................................... 19

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Considerations for Rooftops............................................................................10

Loading Dock Roof: Preferred Design......................................................... 13

Green Roofs and Living Walls........................................................................20 Steep Slope Stabilization................................................................................. 21 Precedents............................................................................................................... 22 Plant Palette and References......................................................................... 23

Introduction

This document, prepared for Mike Michon, the owner of Mill 180, presents designs for improving the comfort and usability of the front and rear entrances, and for creating outdoor living spaces including two rooftops and a beer garden.

www.csld.edu

Existing Conditions................................................................................................2

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Introduction................................................................................................................ 1

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

INTRODUCTION

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The upper roof of the building is accessed through an elevator and a stairwell to a structure in the center of the northwest-facing slope of the roof. A second rooftop structure is currently used for storage and houses equipment for a freight elevator below.

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The Manhan Rail Trail parallels the building between the back parking lot and Millside Park. This is a six-mile-long universally accessible trail that connects to a larger network of trails throughout the region.

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Millside Park, about one-and-a-half acres, has a playground for children, an exercise area, and a bandstand. It hosts events, such as live music, on a weekly basis. A riparian buffer along a steep slope separates Millside Park from the Lower Mill Pond.

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On the other side of Mill 180, a large, newly constructed parking lot lines the building. There is an unmarked entrance from this parking lot which enters the building’s first floor as well an entrance for the tasting room of New City Brewery. An active three-bay loading dock sits between these entrances.

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Mill 180, located on a 2.24-acre property, has three floors and several entrances.

On the north side of the building, facing Pleasant Street, are three entrances and two parking areas. One of these parking lots is at grade with Pleasant Street and is known as the upper lot. The other parking area, known as the lower lot, is about fourteen feet below grade. A bridge from the upper lot passes over the lower lot and leads to the main entrance of the building, which enters on the second floor. A second entrance from the upper lot provides access through a loading dock. The third entrance from the Pleasant Street side of Mill 180 is located in the lower lot and enters on the building’s first floor.

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

From the mid-1800s to the mid-1900s, mills played a significant role in Easthampton’s economic and industrial development. Early industrialists dammed the Broad Brook and used its energy to power mill buildings, which were primarily engaged in the manufacturing of textiles. Federal contracts through World War I and World War II helped support Easthampton’s industrial economy but as the need for manufacturing declined, the mills were eventually decommissioned and the town experienced an economic downturn in the 1960s. In recent years, the town has been attracting artists and young people, due in part to a cost of living that is lower than nearby cities such as Northampton. Mill 180 lies to the north of Lower Mill Pond and is part of a group of five mill buildings, all of which are being renovated and reused in some form.

Lower Mill Pond

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BioMap 2 Core Habitat

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Mill 180 Lower Mill Pond Manhan River

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Particulate matter and pollutants are often carried in stormwater and most of the runoff from Mill 180 ends up in Lower Mill Pond (see sheet 6). As such, the mitigation of stormwater runoff has the potential to help protect water quality in Lower Mill Pond and nearby delicate natural communities.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Broad Brook

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Manhan River

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Lower Mill Pond was created in the early nineteenth century through the damming of Broad Brook. An outflow from the pond at its northern end feeds the channeled brook which flows into the Manhan River about a half-mile north of the pond. The Manhan River has been designated as Core Habitat in the BioMap2 Report from the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. The BioMap2 Report is a statewide survey of natural systems and is intended to help guide conservation decisions. Areas designated Core Habitat are home to endangered species and/or rare natural communities. The Manhan River is a tributary of the Connecticut River (one of the most important waterways in the region) and flows into a feature of the Connecticut known as the Oxbow. Both the Manhan and Connecticut Rivers are home to numerous rare and endangered species including bald eagles, green dragon, a federally endangered/globally rare mollusk, and S2 imperiled (less than 20 examples remain) natural communities.

Historical and Ecological Context

Mill 180 circa 1910. (Easthampton Historical Society)

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Connecticut River Oxbow

Mill 180

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HISTORICAL & ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT

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400’ 200’ • Most visitors to the site arrive via Pleasant Street and park in one of the two parking areas on the north side of the building, one at street level 1 and one fourteen feet below grade 2 . Users of the building report that these lots are often completely full during business hours.

• There is a large parking lot to the rear of the building 3 , adjacent to the rail trail; however, there are no signs directing visitors there from Pleasant Street.

• Across the rail trail from Mill 180, Millside Park contains a large parking lot 4 , which serves both the rail trail and the park itself. >>Between all four parking areas there is space for several hundred vehicles.

Yet because Mill 180 lacks clear signs directing visitors from Pleasant Street to lots 3 and 4 , and from these lots to the rear entrance, Mill 180 businesses may be losing customers who believe they have no place to park. The lack of wayfinding signs and other cues at the rear of the building also results in Mill 180 failing to get much traffic from these heavily used spaces.

Mill 180 is located near a number of heavily used facilities and residential neighborhoods. Eastworks, located just down the street from Mill 180, is a now complete mill reclamation which houses a number of retail businesses and restaurants as well as the Easthampton office of the Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles. Because of its diverse tenants, Eastworks is a heavily trafficked location and its large parking lot is often full. Sidewalks connect the Pleasant Street mills and, with appropriate signs and other cues, Mill 180 could potentially see a flow of visitors from Eastworks. Currently, however, Mill 180 lacks wayfinding signs at the Pleasant Street entrance, meaning that Mill 180 businesses miss out on potential customers arriving by foot.

Across Lower Mill Pond from Mill 180 is a large residential neighborhood that has been designated as an Environmental Justice Community by the 2010 census. Environmental Justice Communities are defined as neighborhoods at risk of exposure to environmental hazards and degradation due to race, income, or national origin. As parts of the city are revitalized, some residents of Easthampton are at risk of being priced out of their community.

Three-Mile Context Mill 180 is located between two ma jor vehicular transportation corridors and near two popular outdoor recreation areas.

• Massachusetts Route 10 runs to the west of the site and carries around seven thousand vehicles per day (Mass DOT).

• Interstate 91 runs to the east of the site and carries about thirty five thousand vehicles per day (Mass DOT).

• Arcadia Wildlife Sanctuary and Mount Tom State Reservation are both within three miles of Mill 180. >>Mill 180 has the opportunity to draw visitors from a variety of nearby destinations and become part of the established ecotourism economy of the area.

Access and Circulation

Millside Park

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Eastworks

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Arcadia

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Manh an Rail Trail

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Vegetation

Steep Slopes At Risk From Erosion

Vegetation on the Mill 180 property is concentrated near the Pleasant Street lots and the detention basin to the rear of the building. The vegetated area adjacent to Pleasant Street mainly consists of mowed grasses and forbs. Native species such as milkweed and burdock provide food for pollinating insects, such as monarch butterflies, but if the area is mowed too frequently, these plants may not have time to flower. The detention basin is home to a community of wetland plants, dominated by phragmites. While often considered an extremely aggressive invasive, phragmites filters water and tends to thrive in areas where salt and particulate matter is abundant. Native species such as cattail also filter water and provide habitat for birds and other wildlife that phragmites does not. The presence of phragmites in the detention basin may positively affect the quality of water leaving the basin.

While most of the site is relatively flat (<2%), there are three areas within the project area that are very steep. In general, unpaved slopes greater than 25% are at extreme risk of erosion and slopes in excess of 33% are considered unstable unless planted and protected. In the north of the project area, beside the upper Pleasant Street lot, is an area of approximately two thousand square feet that has an unpaved slope in excess of 33%. Just to the rear of Mill 180 is a detention basin, the sides of which exceed 33% in most places. Finally, most of the shoreline of Lower Mill Pond adjacent to Millside Park is in excess of 33%, with a few small areas of less extreme steepness. These areas, however, are still in excess of 25%.

Across the bike trail, Millside Park contains manicured grass and small trees. Beyond the park the pond shore is home to a stand of silver-maple-dominated hardwood trees in various stages of succumbing to pressure from vines. For more information on this riparian zone, see sheet 18.

Prepared for Mike Michon

Mowed Lawn/ Grasses & forbs

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Greater than 33%

Of the steep unpaved slopes in the project area, only the detention basin shows obvious signs of erosion. The slope of these banks exceeds 33% and they are not fully vegetated. As such, sediment has been accumulating in the basin as these slopes erode. Too much sediment in the basin could damage the wetland plants and impact the water-holding capacity of the basin.

Slopes and Vegetation

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Invasives & No Canopy

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STEEP SLOPES & VEGETATION

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200’ Area of roofs where water flows into a gutter

Solar path through the year Storm drains and pipes

Summer solstice Equinoxes

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Downspouts Waterflow

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(The closer the path is to the X, the more the sun is directly overhead)

Shade on Rooftops Morning shade Afternoon shade

Solar Exposure

Predominant Winds

During rain events most rainwater flows across the project site and into Lower Mill Pond. Only a small amount of the rainwater that falls on the upper roof is captured in a gutter, which then flows through a downspout, onto a second floor roof and then through another downspout into the parking lot. The rest of the rainwater from the upper roof comes off as sheet flow.

The southeastern face of the building, where the loading dock is, receives morning sun and becomes shaded by the building in the afternoon.

The upper roof area is very exposed to the sun from the south and can be very hot in the afternoon. The two structures on the roof provide shade to the west in the morning and to the east in the afternoon.

Depending on the time of year, the predominant winds change direction. From September to March the wind largely blows from the north and northwest; from April to October, it blows largely from the south.

Downspouts from all other lower roofs deposit water into parking lots, where it largely flows into a network of storm drains that transports it unfiltered into Lower Mill Pond.

>Roof areas will need shading to be comfortable living spaces in the summer and for parts of the early fall and late spring.

Most Water On Site Flows into Lower Mill Pond

> Mitigating stormwater runoff may help protect water quality in Lower Mill Pond and in the Core Habitat.

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Spring and Fall

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For the upper roof, this is especially significant as it is highly exposed to winter winds but may be cooled by the southern summer breeze.

Because of the southwest/northeast orientation of the building, the loading dock roof is fairly well protected from the winter winds. >Use of the rooftop living spaces, especially the upper roof, will likely be restricted to warmer months, from mid-spring to mid-fall.

The Elements: Sun, Wind, & Water

Summer

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THE ELEMENTS: SUN, WIND, & WATER

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Winter winds from the north and northwest

www.csld.edu

The public face of Mill 180, the upper Pleasant Street lot, is about four thousand square feet with two entrances. The lot is unlined and vehicles are parked perpendicular to the retaining wall; capacity varies from sixteen to twenty-six depending on how carefully visitors park. There is no direct pedestrian connection between the sidewalks and Mill 180, potentially alienating visitors who would arrive on foot. et

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Unless Mill 180 is registered as a historic landmark, it must comply with all ADA regulations. If the building were to be registered, it would still require at least one compliant entrance serving “primary function areas.” The upper Pleasant Street lot partially fulfills this function with a ramp in its northeast corner. The lack of lined parking spaces in the upper Pleasant Street lot results in visitors often parking near the end of the ramp, essentially blocking it. While the slope of the ramp is under 5%, meaning that it does not require a handrail, it does not have a curb stop. This creates a very dangerous situation for visitors in wheelchairs as there is nothing to stop them rolling off the ramp and into the parking lot.

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Easthampton Parking Regulations Section 10.131 of Easthampton’s zoning code requires a parking space to be a minimum of nine feet wide by twenty feet long. The spaces required by Easthampton are more than forty square feet larger than other common parking standards (see Dines and Brown, Time Saver Standards for Landscape Architects).

This requirement results in larger parking lots, increasing the amount of impervious surfaces. Additionally, the code requires that parking lots must also contain “adequate room for maneuvering” without vehicles backing into the street or onto the sidewalk. While the width of this maneuvering space is not defined in the city’s zoning code, a common aisle width for eighteen-foot-long parking spaces is twelve feet. This gives a full minimum parking lot width of forty feet. Approximately half of the lot does not meet this forty-foot minimum and users report difficulty seeing the street when backing out of parking spaces in the upper lot. Together this creates a situation which is both dangerous and potentially not in compliance with the city’s zoning code. The following designs (Sheets 8 & 9) improve the safety, compliance, and user comfort of the lot. They assume a parking space dimension of eight by eighteen, which, while a common standard, would require a variance from the city.

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Pleasant Street Parking: Upper Lot Analysis

Currently, the Pleasant Street parking lot is completely exposed to the elements. There are no shade structures or trees, making the area extremely hot during the summer. The lack of tall sheltering objects also makes users of the lot feel exposed between the street on one side and the retaining wall and fourteen-foot drop-off on the other. During the winter, cold winds blow in from the northeast, which make the lot feel significantly colder. The exposure and temperature extremes in the upper lot make this space feel uncomfortable and unwelcoming.

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Exposure

Pl easant Street The upper Pleasant Street lot is exposed to the elements as well as the road, making the lot feel uncomfortable and unwelcoming.

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

PLEASANT STREET PARKING: UPPER LOT ANALYSIS

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Design Alternative: Amongst the Trees

Design Alternative: Pedestrian Parking

Modified layout allows for the greatest number of parking spaces in the proposed designs, while improving the safety of the upper lot.

Half of the parking area is converted into a green space, giving building tenants an easily accessible outdoor space and potentially helping draw visitors from the sidewalk.

Maximum vehicles parked: 20

Maximum vehicles parked: 15

Universally accessible spaces: 2 van accessible

Universally accessible spaces: 4 (2 van accessible)

In this alternative, the upper parking lot is divided into two sub-lots each with parking spaces rotated ninety-degrees from the existing arrangement. The narrowest portion of the lot is converted to a small green space with a wheelchair-accessible path leading to the accessibility ramp to the bridge. A tree-lined path runs along the retaining wall, helping guide visitors to the bridge. The southwest corner of the lot is lined with spaces for nine vehicles.

This alternative privileges the pedestrian arrival experience by converting almost half of the lot into a small park. Large street trees shade the sidewalk and draw the eye along the path towards the door. The ground is regraded to bring it to the level of the bridge and a small seating area provides a shady place for tenants or passersby to relax. Four universally accessible parking spaces parallel the retaining wall and connect with the bridge via a wheelchair-accessible path.

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Pros:

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• Parking does not require visitors to back into the street.

• The active loading bay is blocked by parked cars.

• Pedestrian arrival is sheltered and intuitive.

• Trees and a trellis protect visitors from hot summer sun.

• Snow plowing in sub-lots could block the path along the retaining wall.

• Universally accessible parking eases arrival for mobility-challenged visitors.

• When the lot is full, there may not be enough space to turn around when exiting spaces in front of the loading dock.

• This alternative allows for more universally accessible parking than other proposed designs.

• Impervious surface is reduced.

Cons: • Four parking spaces are lost in comparison to other alternative.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Lower Parking Lot

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• The loading dock is blocked by parked cars.

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PLEASANT STREET PARKING: DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

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This design features a new pedestrian entrance which results in the loss of one of the three bays of the loading dock. This entrance is reached via a path and staircase flanked by trees. Six lined spaces are designated along the southwestern edge of the lot.

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Preferred Design

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New Entrance

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Upper Lot

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The northeast end of the upper lot becomes a path that connects to the sidewalk and a van-accessible parking spot with direct access to the ramp. The path, which runs along the retaining wall, connects the sidewalk to the ramp. The length of the curb cut is reduced and is flanked by street trees. A second path, to the south of the curb cut, directs visitors to the stairs. Both paths use permeable pavers in a style reflecting those used on the pond-side of the building.

The parking lot is lined with a combination of 45° angle, 90° angle, and parallel parking spaces. The angled parking is shaded by a row of trees which grow amidst permeable pavers which form a walkway to the stairs.

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The preferred design for the Pleasant Street parking lot strikes a balance between maximizing parking and addressing safety concerns. Traffic now only flows in one direction, with visitors arriving through a narrowed curb cut and exiting through an other. Parking spaces are angled along the wall, making room for four parallel parking spaces along the sidewalk.

In total, this design allows for seventeen vehicles including one vanaccessible space. This design complies with ADA regulations and most of Easthampton’s parking regulations.

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

PLEASANT STREET PARKING: PREFERRED DESIGN

On all Rooftop Spaces:

www.csld.edu

Positive and Negative Views For safety, visitors should be kept at least four feet from the edges.

The upper roof and the loading dock roof have access to beautiful views to the south and southeast of Mount Tom, Millside Park, and Lower Mill Pond. However, there are undesirable views of the parking lot directly behind the building. HVAC units on the upper roof are also an undesirable view and give off heat during the summer. There are smaller ones in the front and larger ones in the back.

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A safety fence of at least 42” must surround all spaces intended for human use.

~4' to obstruct view of parking lot

Some Roofs are Better Supported than Others The upper roof is supported by a grid of steel support columns and crossbeams, spaced every 9 feet for the length of the building and roughly every 24 feet for the width. The loading dock roof is not currently well supported but according to Mike Michon it will be further reinforced.

Mill 180 Desired view Undesired view of back parking

>Heavy objects, such as trees or support beams, should be sited above the load-bearing crossbeams or support columns and the heaviest objects should only be sited above the support columns. In all cases, a structural engineer should be consulted before installing any particularly heavy objects such as intensive green roof beds, trees, or water tanks.

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Source: Existing Conditions Surveys Inc.: Mill 180 Floor Plans, 2009

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Considerations for Rooftops

Lower Mill Pond

Rooftop project areas

Project focus areas

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~3' to obstruct view of parking lot

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Planting media can be laid beneath the deck to allow for planting.

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

A level surface is needed where people will congregate.

>Because the HVAC units give off heat and are unattractive, they should also be obstructed. 4' is needed to obstruct the views from the roof of the smallest units, 5' for the mid-sized ones, and 6' for the largest in the rear of the roof.

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

>Negative views of the parking lot can be obstructed while maintaining positive views of the park and pond.

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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR ROOFTOPS

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All designs have these aspects in common:

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• A deck covers about half the roof and is a level space for tables, lounge areas, dancing, etc.

Semi-intensive green roof areas

Lounge areas and stand up tables shaded beneath pergola

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• Shade elements such as easily removable shade sails or pergolas cool the space.

Solar panels above green roofs

Pergola grid with retractable sail shades

Shade sails Undulating green edge

Stage Tables interspersed with planted areas

Water feature along edge

Stairs to ground level

Pros • Two bathrooms on the loading roof are easily accessible.

Stairs and universally accessible lift

Most of the upper deck is covered by a pergola grid with removable sail shades. A water feature fed in part by rainwater stored in a cistern runs along the edge of both roofs. A stage in the southern corner of the upper roof can be used for music, speakers, or for seating.

Pros

• Tables along of planted edge and have direct views of park, pond, and Mt. Tom.

• The stage in the southern corner has a backdrop of the views to the south of Mount Tom and the park.

• Access created between ground level and loading dock roof.

• The water feature along the edge makes use of rainwater to create visual interest.

Cons • Many separate planted areas on the loading dock roof may require more maintenance than larger and fewer planted areas.

Cons • No direct access to loading dock roof.

• No bathrooms on loading dock roof.

• The water feature is an engineering challenge to ensure it is leak-proof.

Lounge areas are shaded beneath pergolas on the upper roof and sail shades on the loading dock roof. Green roof areas wrap around tables, bringing plant life to them. A stage in the eastern corner can be used for events, music, or as an extra seating area. A stairway from the loading dock roof meets ground level approximately in the middle of the loading dock wall. Solar panels above a shallow green roof provides energy to the building.

Pros • Lounge areas create intimate spaces.

• Access to loading dock roof from ground level through stairs and an accessible lift.

• Solar panels would generate power for the building and reduce energy bill.

Rooftop Alternatives

Triangular sails shade the living spaces and provide visual interest. An undulating planted border runs along the southeastern edges of the roofs. Stairs up to the loading dock roof allow access from ground level.

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180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Bar

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Stage

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

• Vegetated areas using green roof technology are integrated into the living space to cool the area, make use of stormwater, and make them more beautiful.

Cons • Solar panels and universally accessible lift may entail a significant upfront cost.

11/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

ROOFTOP ALTERNATIVES

Main entrance

A Boardwalk Winds Over A Lush Planted Area

Lower terrace

A six-foot-wide raised path meets the floor level of the structure that houses the elevator and staircase. The path curves through a vibrant semi-intensive green roof, full of perennial grasses, flowers, and shrubs before meeting an upper terrace deck. The deck is raised five inches above the spine of the roof and shredded recycled rubber tires beneath the deck provide sound insulation for the tenants below.

1

Upper Terrace Bathrooms

Bar open on

The central structure is converted to a bar open on two sides. The deck wraps around the northwest side of the bar and provides access to bathrooms.

In the center of the space, planters with grasses line the back and sides of an L-shaped booth, creating an outdoor room for tables. The booth faces a stage in the southern corner of the space that doubles as a seating area. Beautiful views of Millside Park and Mount Tom in the distance provide a backdrop for the stage.

two sides

The lower terrace sits about 1.25 feet lower than the upper level and is accessible by a generous 15-foot-wide set of stairs. A lounge area in the eastern corner and a booth with a table adjacent to the bar both face towards the stage.

A glass guardrail wraps around the edge and keeps patrons safe.

Grasses planted in 2-foot-wide planters on the outside of the guardrail are seen through the glass and obstruct views of the parking lot. A 1.5-foot-wide ledge sits on the guardrail for people to lean on or rest a drink on as they look out towards Millside Park and Mount Tom.

pergola with retractable shades

2

Stage doubles as seating area

Lower Terrace

Tables beneath

Glass guardrail 3.5’ over deck with planters outside

N

Lounges

3 Ledge on guardrail

Planter with grasses

Glass guardrail 6’ over deck with planters inside

0

5

20

Planter

A’

0

5

Pergola with retractable shades

Semi-intensive green roof bed

10

20 Lounges

Glass guardrail 6’ over deck (8’ total)

Tables

Section A - A’

0

5

20

Upper Roof: Preferred Design

In the northern section of the deck, two lounge areas sit under a large pergola with retractable shades. The emergency egress is accessed between the lounges and a path along the roof fenced with stantions leads to an emergency stairwell in the northern corner of the roof.

3

Lounges

Prepared for Mike Michon

green roof beds

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Semi-intensive

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Secondary egress Reinhabiting Industrial Space

2

Upper terrace (universally accessible)

and exit through stairwell or elevator

413-369-4044

The upper roof deck features a diversity of spaces for visitors including a bar, lounges, seating areas, and a stage. The area is split between two different levels: an upper terrace on the Pleasant Street side and a lower terrace on the pond side, oriented towards the views of Mount Tom and Millside Park.

1

www.csld.edu

A

12/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

UPPER ROOF: PREFERRED DESIGN

www.csld.edu

Lounge Seating

413-369-4044

Triangular Sailcloth

The loading dock roof currently contains an area of approximately 475 square feet raised about a foot above the rest of the roof. Converted to a small terrace, this space is accessed via a universally accessible ramp and contains plantings, tables, and universally accessible restrooms.

On the third floor of Mill 180 is an approximately 320-square-foot deck, which covers a portion of the loading dock roof. Beneath this deck, sheltered seating offers an outdoor space usable in the rain. This area is accessed via a door from the second floor of the building.

3

Staircase Down

Down Below

Tall grass shields visitors’ view of the parking lot and a staircase connects the loading dock roof to the rear of the building. While not universally accessible, this staircase allows able-bodied visitors direct access between the businesses on the second floor of Mill 180 and the rear of the building.

A

3

N 0

Tall grass outside a 42" glass guardrail

Table Seating

Section A - A’

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Covered Seating

A’ Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

2

1

Prepared for Mike Michon

The Terrace

2

Universally Accessible Restrooms

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

1

Third Floor Deck

5’

10’

15’

Loading Dock Roof: Preferred Design

The loading dock roof has both table and lounge-style seating, restrooms, and a connection to the rear of the building. A mix of covered, shaded, and open spaces provide a diversity of environments for visitors. While the space itself and the restrooms are universally accessible, the connection to the rear parking is not. The entire space is lined with a forty-two-inch-high glass guardrail set in from the edge of the roof two to four feet. On the exterior of this, tall grass growing in planters shields unwanted views of the parking lot. Currently, it is unclear how strong the roof of the loading dock is. Before it is renovated as outdoor living space, the loading dock should be evaluated by a structural engineer.

13/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

LOADING DOCK ROOF: PREFERRED DESIGN

www.csld.edu

Vehicles

Rear Entrance Access and Circulation

Desired Pedestrian Flow

3-bay loading dock

ba si tio

(to roof)

In addition, the rear of Mill 180 is dominated by vehicular traffic and is not very pedestrian-friendly. Car and truck traffic through the parking lot and to the loading docks divide the building from the Manhan Rail Trail and Millside Park.

Unused triangular space

A recently added path of pavers connects the rail trail with the New City Brewery but not with the rear entrance. To fit as many parking spaces as possible, the path becomes narrow in front of the loading dock, about 3.5 feet wide, creating somewhat of a choke point. Additionally two electrical transformers sit directly between the current path and the rear entrance, obstructing a direct path to the entrance. Across from the detention basin, an unused triangular section of space with a fire hydrant has recently been hydroseeded.

Millside Park

N

>A clearly marked and safe route linking the rear entrance, the Manhan Rail Trail, and Millside Park would likely bring more people into the building. If the rooftop living spaces and the beer garden will be used at nighttime, the rear entrance and the path to the building should be well lit.

50’

Future beer garden

Three-bay loading dock.

Entrance to the building is up stairs, through a curved piece of corrugated metal, and up a second set of stairs.

View of the rear entrance from the Manhan Rail Trail.

Entrance to the building

Making The Connection

>A universally accessible entrance in the rear of the building may encourage people in wheelchairs to visit the Community Food engine park and the rooftop living spaces.

t lo

i

rk

Pa

ng

Prepared for Mike Michon

Future beer garden and entrance to brewery

n

Entrance into loading dock

n

Choke point in path

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Current path

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Transformers

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Manhan Rail Trail

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Because of the stairs to either entrance, people in wheelchairs are unable to access the building on this side and must travel around the entire building to the front entrance (about 700 feet and up a steep slope). This would likely discourage most from trying to enter the building.

Entrance

De te n

Drawing people to the building from the Manhan Rail Trail and Millside Park is a goal for several of the tenants of Mill 180, including the New City Brewery and the Community Food Engine. The rear entrance to Mill 180, however, is not currently well-marked and is not physically connected to the rail trail or to the park (e.g., by a path). This is the only public entrance for those accessing the building from the park and rail trail, unless people go around the building. It is accessed by several stairs that pass through a curved piece of corrugated metal, a short walk down a covered corridor, and then several stairs up to the doorway. The door is unlocked throughout the day and is locked at night, although it can be opened electronically by tenants. Stairs and a door across from the New City Brewery provide a second entrance into the building, but this is not a public entrance. Currently the only access to the loading dock roof is through the building.

14/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MAKING THE CONNECTION

www.csld.edu

The designs below and on the next sheet have these aspects in common:

New Entrance into Covered Corridor

Straight Shot to Current Entrance

Through the Loading Dock

Universally accessible ramp

New entrance created into covered corridor with ramp

N 50’

Shade trees

Pocket park with tables, benches, a bike rack, and space for a food truck

N

N 50’

A new entrance is created into the covered corridor of the building and a new entrance is established from the corridor into the building itself, creating a more direct route into the central lobby.

A new entrance is created in the loading dock to provide more direct access to the central lobby of the building. The path is bumped out and features a bike rack, creating a more welcoming landing space for pedestrians and cyclists.

Pros

Pros

• Easier, more direct access to core of building.

Cons • One loading dock bay is lost.

• Potential conflict of having entrance so close to loading dock.

• Construction required to create entrances into the corridor and then into the building.

Path bumped out to create a landing space with motorcycle parking, a bike rack, and shade trees

Pocket park with tables, benches, a bike rack

• Most direct, visible, and welcoming entrance to the building.

• A tree to the south of the entrance provides shade for the entrance and universal access ramp.

Cons • Four parking spaces are lost.

• Loading dock altered to accommodate new entrance.

50’

Pocket park with benches, a bike rack, and shade trees

A path curves around the island where the transformers are and meets a landing area to create a clearer path to the existing rear entrance. The path alongside the loading dock is bumped out to create a more welcoming landing area for pedestrians. A staircase and lift provide access to the loading dock roof above, and several trees provide shade for four motorcycle parking spaces and a bike rack below.

Pros • More direct access to existing entrance.

• The landing in front of the loading dock encourages people to access the living space on the roof.

Cons • Five parking spots are lost in total, four from the path being bumped out and one from where the path curves around the transformers.

• The existing doorway to the building would need to be redesigned with a ramp or lift to be made universally accessible.

Prepared for Mike Michon

Path bumped out with universally accessible ramp and bike rack

Making The Connection: Design Alternatives

Staircase and lift

Shrubs obstruct transformers from those on path

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Direct path to existing entrance

New entrance created through loading dock

Shrubs define pathway

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Entrance created from corridor into building

413-369-4044

• To encourage users of all abilities to visit the building from the park and rail trail, the rear of the building is universally accessible, either via a ramp or lift.

• The triangular area adjacent to the rail trail is converted to a small pocket park with benches, tables, shade trees, and a bike rack.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

• A more direct pedestrian path to the building is created.

15/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

MAKING THE CONNECTION: DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

www.csld.edu

3 Universally

Sculpture from Urban Power USA

Space for a

4

food truck

Windows cut in the corridor bring light into the space and a living wall or a mural (or a combination of both) make the wall more attractive and inviting for people in Millside Park and on the Manhan Rail Trail. “Mill 180” is painted on the wall to identify the building to those passing by.

Pocket park with tables, benches, a bike rack, and

Hydrant

shade trees

N Vines trellised up the loading dock wall.

2

20

40

Direct Path to Building

A section of path added to the existing path curves to the right around the island with the transformers. This provides a clear route to the stairs that leads to the corridor. A small landing area is created with pavers to make the space more pedestrian friendly and a universally accessible ramp provides access to the rear of the building for all users.

Rather than trying to hide them, a sculpture in the island makes use of the transformers and highlights them.

80

4

Pocket Park and Sculpture

Between the Manhan Rail Trail and the parking lot, a small pocket park has shade trees, benches, tables, and a bike rack for people traveling on the rail trail.

Space is created for a food truck to park and a large sculpture by Urban Power USA (a current tenant) with an educational sign draws people from the park.

Rear Entrance: Preferred Design

0

Path splits off to the right of the transformers, with a large sculpture in the middle.

Prepared for Mike Michon

3

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Sculpture

A new entrance into the building is created from within the covered walkway by the loading dock. This makes a more direct route to the main lobby and elevator. Because stairs are currently the only way to reach the covered corridor, a universally accessible ramp allows people of all abilities to access the building.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

2

Direct Route to Central Lobby

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

1

Hops planted in a long planter along the wall and trellised up the facade of the loading dock cools the space, creates a visual interest alongside the path to the brewery, and can be harvested for a hyper-local beer.

accessible ramp

1

Greening the Loading Dock 413-369-4044

There are several ways to make the rear entrance of Mill 180 more welcoming, accessible, and pedestrianfriendly. A combination of altering the physical layout of the paths, creating landing spaces for pedestrians, and creating artistic exhibits could make the rear of the Mill 180 much more inviting.

16/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

REAR ENTRANCE: PREFERRED DESIGN

www.csld.edu 413-369-4044

New City Brewery

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

A

Prepared for Mike Michon

A pedestrian corridor runs between the beer garden and the parking area.

In order to preserve this corridor, the beer garden will not be able to extend into the landing area in the parking lot.

Bar Seating

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Lightweight cafe tables, large picnic tables, and a bar are arranged under a triangular sailcloth. Seating is flexible, to allow visitors the choice of sitting in the sun or the shade, when the sun is shining. Most elements in this space are movable to allow the arrangement to be reconfigured as needed. The exception to this is the bar seating. In consultation with Sam Dibble, brewmaster and co-owner of New City, this bar has been designed to mirror the one inside of the brewery and is made from the same stone, sourced at Fenway Park.

A’

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Primarily for use by customers of New City Brewery, the beer garden is nestled between the brewery and a loading dock, on an existing patio surfaced with pavers laid in a herringbone pattern. The space is approximately 814 square feet, which can seat forty to fifty people, assuming about 20 square feet per seated customer including space for aisles. In accordance with state law, the space is fully fenced (at least 36 inches tall) and gated. The space itself faces southeast and therefore could likely be used spring through fall. To extend the seasonal use of the space and make it comfortable during the summer, the garden should include a combination of sunny and shaded spaces.

Loading Dock

Triangular Sailcloth

Landing Area

Section A - A’

Pedestrian Corridor Movable Fence

N 0

5’

10’

15’

Gate

Beer Garden

Lightweight Table

17/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

BEER GARDEN

Movable Planters

Gas Meters

a

Pl e

www.csld.edu

RIPARIAN BUFFER MANAGEMENT Existing Conditions

ng

1

ki

ill

0

18

r Pa

Lower Mill Pond

M

Millside Park

Hardwoods Hardwoods & Invasives

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Public Parking

The curving riparian zone adjacent to Millside Park consists of hardwoods in various stages of succumbing to invasive pressure. The healthy northern section 1 is dominated by silver maple, some of which is in excess of three feet in diameter. Other species include black locust, cherry, and red maple. These are present in roughly equal amounts.

Moving south, the canopy begins to open as invasive species and grape vine put pressure on the trees 2 . Invasives are slowly expanding to the north into the area of healthy trees. The southernmost section of the zone 3 has been overrun with invasive honeysuckle and bittersweet and almost no standing trees remain. To the west of that area is a section of trees in serious decline 4 , with the trees likely failing within the next ten years.

Mowed Lawn

Recommendations

400 Feet

0

200’

400’

N

The riparian zone adjacent to Millside Park is a benefit to Mill 180 both physically and aesthetically. The vegetation on this very steep slope (see sheet 5) not only holds the bank in place but also serves to filter runoff from the park, thereby helping to protect water quality in Lower Mill Pond. In order to preserve the ecological functions of this zone while enhancing the view, the following is recommended: • A program of invasive species management should be explored in order to protect the remaining trees. This program must take into account the steepness of the slope as removing vegetation could make the bank unstable. For examples of bank stabilization methods, see sheet 21.

• A management program that includes the removal or treatment of invasive species with chemicals could potentially affect the delicate natural communities which Lower Mill Pond drains into. Therefore manual removal is recommended.

• Highlighting and protecting the trees in this area could help open views to the pond while spotlighting the natural beauty of Lower Mill Pond, potentially drawing more visitors to Millside Park and Mill 180.

Riparian Buffer Management

3

Prepared for Mike Michon

Invasives & Little Canopy

2

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

4

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Invasives & No Canopy

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Mill 180

18/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

an h

re St

M

nt sa

increase efficiency

Green walls cool space

allows water infiltration, reducing runoff

www.csld.edu

All of Mill 180’s rooftops combined account for about an acre of impervious surface. During a 25year storm, about 85,000 gallons of stormwater runoff is created. If extensive green roofs were installed on the rooftop spaces that are not included in this project, a 25-year storm would create only 22,200 gallons of stormwater runoff, a reduction of about 75% from the current roof.

Rainwater stored in cistern and used for toilets and irrigation

Rainwater Harvesting To provide irrigation for the planted areas of the design without using potable water, rainwater can be collected from Mill 180’s roofs and used as part of an automatic irrigation system. Rainwater can be stored in the 30,000-gallon cistern in the front of the building or in a tank behind the building, for example in the loading dock. In addition to providing water for irrigation, this tank could also be hooked up to the building’s water supply to provide water for the toilets in the building. This would reduce the building’s water use and save on water costs.

AC V H

.4 acres Front Parking

1 acre

Rooftops

1 acre

AC V H

Rear parking

Solar Energy Capture Using the open rooftop spaces for solar energy capture can generate energy for the building, reduce electricity expenses. A rough estimate is that the amount of rooftop area at Mill 180 could generate about 170,000 kWh per year, which would equal about $31,000. If solar panels are sited above shallow green roofs of about 3 -5 inches (“extensive green roofs”, described on sheet 20), the roofs will keep the panels cool and increase their efficiency.

Impervious surface at Mill 180

Open roofs, where extensive green roofs could potentially be installed

Resiliency Opportunities

Permeable pavement

the parking lots with porous asphalt would reduce the amount of runoff to about 50,000 gallons, a reduction of almost 60%.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Solar panels offset energy costs with ~170,000kWh. Green roofs cool panels and Porous asphalt allows water to flow through it and infiltrate. Replacing the current pavement in

Prepared for Mike Michon

The amount of stormwater runoff can be calculated for storm events based upon the amount of surface area, the ability of the surface to infiltrate, and the intensity of the storm. The front and rear parking areas are asphalt and account for about 1.4 acres of impervious surface. During a single 25-year storm event about 120,000 gallons of stormwater would run off these lots, most of it flowing into Lower Mill Pond.

413-369-4044

As discussed above, because the ma jority of Mill 180’s site is impervious, very little of the rainwater that falls on site percolates into the ground. Instead most of it flows through storm drains into Lower Mill Pond. Runoff carries organic matter, pollutants, sediment, and in large quantities could affect the temperature of the pond and disturb its ecological processes. The amount of runoff leaving the site is likely to grow as storm events increase in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change. Tools such as green roofs and permeable pavement slow and infiltrate stormwater, reducing the amount of runoff created.

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Green roofs cool building via evapotranspiration & increase lifespan 2X - 3X

Reducing Impervious Surfaces

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

In the face of a changing global climate, establishing systems that harness available resources such as solar energy and rainwater can make Mill 180 more resilient while reducing the amount of resources that it needs to import.

Additionally, reducing impervious surface and mitigating stormwater runoff at Mill 180 will reduce the site’s impact on the surrounding ecosystems.

19/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

RESILIENCY OPPORTUNITIES

While people have been planting on rooftops for thousands of years, green roofs have recently become more common in architecture and landscape design due to their ecological, aesthetic, and financial benefits.

Plants growing along walls have many of the same benefits as green roofs, for example cooling the space in front of them through evapotranspiration, cooling and protecting the wall beneath them by shading it, sequestering carbon dioxide, and making a space more beautiful. Living walls and green facades are two forms of green walls, although the names are often used interchangeably.

• Extending the life of roof membranes by two to three times.

• Keeping the rooftop space cooler in summer through evapotranspiration.

• Improving solar panel efficiency when installed over them.

Alternatively, green facades use climbing plants rooted either in the ground or in material behind the wall (in the case of some retaining walls). The plants either attach themselves directly to the wall or are supported in some way, for example by a trellis or grid of cables.

• Adding thermal mass to the building to moderate temperature extremes, saving heating and cooling costs.

Mike Michon has requested that the front retaining wall beneath the upper parking lot be investigated for greening options.

• Sequestering carbon dioxide.

Either facade greening or a living wall could be appropriate for the front retaining wall. Facade greening would entail using self-clinging climbers that would root in the ground and climb the wall.

Plants with aerial roots use microscopic root hairs to grab onto the rough surface of walls; most ivies and clinging members of the Hydrangeaceae family use this method. Some are concerned that the roots of these types of plants can damage walls, although others dispute this; it may be wise to avoid such plants for walls that are already weak or use mortar that the roots can break apart. As the retaining wall at Mill 180 was recently built and does not use mortar, damage by aerial-rooting climbers may not be a concern. Alternatively, self-clinging plants that use a glue-like substance can be used, which are much less likely to cause damage. Japanese creeper (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) is one example.

• Attracting pollinators and providing habitat.

• Reducing the urban heat island effect.

Rather than using heavy soil, modern green roofs use a lightweight growing medium above several layers of material that are designed to protect the roof membrane from water and plant roots and to store water for the plants to take up.

The depth of planting substrate will determine the types of plants that the green roof can support.

Extensive green roofs have 3 to 5 inches of substrate, are very low maintenance and inexpensive, and can support grasses, sedums, herbs, and mosses.

Semi-intensive green roofs have between 5 and 7 inches of substrate, and can support larger perennials and shrubs.

Intensive roofs generally have between 7 and 24 inches of substrate and can support large shrubs, trees, and food production. They are used to create rooftop parks and require the most maintenance and some form of irrigation.

Facade greening may also be an effective strategy for making the rear entrance more inviting, specifically on the loading dock wall and the metal wall that covers the corridor behind the loading dock. Because these walls are smooth metal rather than the rough surface required for self-clinging plants, plants would require a support structure such as a trellis or metal cables held off the wall a few inches. In this case, the most appropriate plants to use would be climbing plants that would wrap around the cables or trellis. Because the New City Brewery and its beer garden are so close to the loading dock, hops (Humulus lupulus) is one plant worth investigating for the loading dock wall.

Before installing any systems however, these recommendations should be explored more thoroughly with a licensed professional.

Adapted from greenerheights.wordpress.com

413-369-4044

Green Roofs and Living Walls

• Providing sound insulation for building tenants.

Prepared for Mike Michon

• Making the space more beautiful and comfortable.

Living walls are essentially vertical gardens where the plants are rooted in a substrate supported on the outward face of a wall, e.g., in individual pockets that cover the area of the wall or in vegetation mats. This approach is generally the most expensive and requires the most maintenance, but allows for intricate and complex designs to be created. Because of the somewhat regular maintenance required, these may not be appropriate for Mill 180.

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

• Sequestering stormwater and protecting water quality.

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Some of the benefits of green roofs include:

www.csld.edu

Living Walls & Facade Greening

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Green Roofs

20/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

GREEN ROOFS AND LIVING WALLS

www.csld.edu 413-369-4044

DETENTION BASIN

PLEASANT STREET SLOPE

Source: Western Fiber Co

Wattle on contour

LOWER MILL POND SHORE

The regularity of the Pleasant Street slope as well as its visibility make it a good candidate for wattle on contour stabilization. Bundles of organic material are laid along contour to slow runoff and capture sediment. The wattles and “terraces” are planted with shrubs and herbaceous vegetation to create a root mass which helps hold the slope in place and filter particulate matter from runoff. Shifting this area away from mowed lawn to perennial vegetation reduces maintenance cost and, depending on what is planted, could provide visual interest year-round.

Brush layering schematic

0

200’

400’

Source: Alaska Fish and Game Brush layering Layers of topsoil and gravel separated by a biodegradable fabric and live stakes help build long-term stability by establishing a deep system of roots in the slope. This stabilization method involves a full rebuilding of the slope itself and is often used after a collapse. This method may not be appropriate for areas of the pond shore with healthy vegetation as excavating the slope would be required. Areas of the slope with heavy invasive pressure may benefit from excavation and brush layering as new soil, potentially free from the seeds of invasives, could be used.

Steep Slope Stabilization

Wattle on contour schematic

Prepared for Mike Michon

Biodegradable geotextile bags filled with soil and planted using plugs or live stakes stabilize the slope immediately. After a few years, the vegetation covers the bags and the resulting root mass further helps to hold the slope in place. This method is very resistant to erosion from moving water, making it well suited for use in detention basins.

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Source: Envirolok LLC

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Soil in bag

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Soil in bag schematic

21/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

STEEP SLOPE STABILIZATION

www.csld.edu Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Prepared for Mike Michon

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Japanese Creeper on wall is an example of facade greening.

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Living walls require more maintenance than other wall greening strategies but can be used to create elaborate designs.

413-369-4044

Credit :Lionel Allorge (via Wikipedia)

Credit: Thelmadatter (via Wikipedia)

Solar panels paired with extensive green roof for increased efficiency

Precedents

A tall glass guardrail protects visitors without blocking the view.

A rooftop deck at night.

22/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

PRECEDENTS

www.csld.edu

Eastern Sycamore

Platanus occidentalis

Tree

80’ H x 50’ W

Graham Blandy Boxwood Buxus sempervirens

Shrub

9’ H x 15” W

Eastern Juneberry

Amelanchier canadensis

Tree

20’ H x 35’ W

Hill Cane

Arundinaria appalachiana

Bamboo

3’ - 6’ T

Eastern Redbud

Cercis canadensis

Tree

20’ H x 35’ W

UPPER ROOF AND LOADING DOCK ROOF Common Name

Latin Name

Type

Dimensions

Beach Plum

Prunus maritima

Tree

5’ H x 3’ W

Joe-Pye weed

Eutrochium purpureum

Herb

References

Milkweed

Asclepias spp.

Herb

Dakin, Karla. The Professional Design Guide to Green Roofs. 2013. Print.

Switchgrass

Panicum virgatum

Herb

Bunch Grass

Silvergrass

Miscanthus spp.

Herb

Bunch Grass

Queen Anne’s Lace

Daucus carota

Herb

Dunnett, Nigel, and Noël Kingsbury. Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls.

Portland, Or.: Timber, 2004. Print.

Prepared by: Mike Conover & Max Ehrman-Shapiro

Dimensions

Prepared for Mike Michon

Type

180 Pleasant Street, Easthampton

Latin Name

Reinhabiting Industrial Space

Common Name

413-369-4044

PLEASANT STREET & REAR ENTRANCES

GREEN ROOF PLANTS Common Name

Latin Name

Type

Height

Big Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

Herb

Columbine

Aquilegia canadensis

Herb

2’ - 3’

Pennsylvania Sedge Carex pensylvanica

Herb

0.5’

Rough Blazing Star

Liatris aspera

Herb

1’ - 4’

Silky Aster

Aster sericeus

Herb

1’

Wild Geranium

Geranium maculatum

Herb

1’

2’ - 6’

Peck, Steven W. Award-winning Green Roofs: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities.

Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 2008. Print.

Plant Palette and References

Harris, Charles W., and Nicholas T. Dines. Time-saver Standards For Landscape Architechture. 1988. Print.

23/23

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

PLANTING PALETTE