f o s t s c n e o p i t s A iliza T h v e ci to c k i su viliz eys cc a es tio n
I came I saw I conquered Veni Vidi Vici
Dawn of Civilization Protecting and Conserving Protecting Ancient timesnow it or not people began to protect their Believe land, family conserve, their traditions very early. People would protect their lands for many reasons. For example, they would protect their lands so they were able to provide food for their family. Armies were to protect kingdoms and lands. They also built large walls around land so to prevent it to be taken away, this only worked so long though. The people could also use their surroundings to protect, like rivers and lakes. The army now is used to protect all US citizens the army is well trained and prepared many years and courses for such a scary and difficult task. People currently are protected locally with police who are also trained and prepared..
Building of China's wall (protection) 770 - 476 BC
Revolutionary war 1775 to 1782
Congress Officially Created the U.S. Military September 29, 1789
Dawn of Civilization Protecting and Conserving
Conserving Ancient times-now
Ancient people just like us today conserved their cultures. Back then they would draw some cultural traditions on cave walls or pass it down through oral tradition. Later once the ancient people had created and educated people with language and written writing, they would write with there written language on clay boards. They would not just write about their cultures but also about their everyday lives and laws. Currently, people conserve their traditions and culture by oral traditions, journals, and even in books. Some people even create photo albums to remember and holiday or special event.
Dawn of Civilization Protecting and Conserving
Works Cited
By the 4th Millennium BC the Agricultural. "Ancient Military History." Ancient Military. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Congress Officially Created the U.S. Military." Congress Officially Created the U.S. Military. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. Schulman, Marc. "Americas Wars." Americas Wars. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. ThingLink. "Ancient Egypt by Egypt." Ancient Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "What Is Cultural Heritage and How Do We Protect It?" Scandinavian TravelerScandinavian Airlines. N.p., 4 June 2015. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. "Who, When and Why Built the Great Wall of China?" Who, When and Why Built the Great Wall of China? N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2016.
Evolution of
Transportation Imagine it was 5,000 B.C… In 5,000 B.C there was no cars. One had to walk a massive amounts of miles the next morning to find food and shelter everyday to survive the rough days at the time.
Walking Walking was the first mode of transportation. It was the most efficient at the time. Walking was huge at the time and still is but… now it's different than before. Before, walking was used to get away from danger and get food. To hunt, the people had to walk stealthily through the land areas and wait for a perfect animal to come. They walked for miles and miles until they found the prey. They also walked for a change of locations.They moved from place to place. Reasons why they moved from place to place are: moved to find better resources. Such as, food, shelter, and clothing. By the Neolithic Era it was different. But, one did not know if their grandchildren or them would experience the change of transportation. Walking was hard and tiring. If one walked it was usually for a lot of miles without stopping. At the time the world was not a Sedentary world. People moved from place to place a lot. Without knowing other sources of transportation it was hard
Walking to new transportation ideas.
Words to know: Neolithic Era and Sedentary Neolithic era:The time were the people started to farm; Agriculture [nee-uh-lith-ik eer-uh] Sedentary- Static; not mobile;stay in one place /ˈsed(ə)ntəri/
4,000 B.C ‌ In 4,000 B.C people started using animals for transportation. The animals that they used are donkeys, horses, camels The animals help a lot but at the time we were Sedentary people so movement was not usually. But these animals help the civilizations by making it easier to move around the city. 3,000 B.C‌ At this time boats were invented and put at use. Boats helped to travel through water and not around. They also helped the commerce in Mesopotamia. It was a good way to trade with other people. One used the boat to travel through land.
Words to know: Mesopotamia and Commerce Mesopotamia: One of the most old cities. Is located in the middle east. [mes-uh-puh-tey-mee-uh] Commerce: Another word for trade. To exchange;[kom-ers]
3,000 B.C… As well as boats, in 3,000 B.C the wheel was put at use in a wagon. Now if one combines everything, The animals help carry the wagon. And in the wagon one puts valuables instead of carrying them with one. Another way to use the wagon was to put objects and crops after one was done at the fields. For Crops: For Transportation:
Now… Now there are cars, planes, and electrical cars.
The most new one is the electric car. It helps the environment and the world. It is also a fast and efficient way to get around town. Cars are worst because it harms the environment but they are still a fast way to get around. Planes are supposable the safest way form of Transportation. Flashback… The first mode of transportation was Walking in 5,000 B.C and before. Then the people started thinking of a new way and the used animals in 4,000 B.C. Then the people figured out the use of boats, it helped for trade. 3,000 B.C. Also in 3,000 B.C the wheel was put at used in the wagon. It helped for the fields and transportation. Now there are electric, normal, and planes. And hope for a lot more to come!
Works cited. "Redirect Notice." Redirect Notice. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. Trisha Racraquin, Member Follow. "Timeline of Transportation." Timeline of Transportation. N.p., 02 Nov. 2013. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Animal Clip Art - Image #13082." Free Camels Clipart Free Clipart Graphics Images and Photos Image #13082. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
key Trading, Silk Road
tra din g
â—? Trading is the act of exchanging something for something in return How trading is important Trading currently and in ancient times is very important for a society to function. Without trading it would be harder for people to conquer all terrains, because traders can go to areas where certain goods that they posses absent like leather for shoes and trade the leather in that How different area, and take something in that societies used it Different societies area back to his village. used it to expand and use large areas so unsustainable for mankind to make farm village and trade crops for water. The thing a society would trade for can say a lot about their culture.
d a r t
g in Then to today In ancient time people traded goods using animals to carry goods, they also traded goods for goods, or goods for precious metals. Today people use paper or digital money for goods, and now planes, trains, trucks, and very large boats for the transportation of goods
Trading timeline In 7500 BCE the first long-distance trade in obsidian begins. Then in 4000 BCE - 3000 BCE a trade contact is established between Byblos and Egypt. Trade is in place between Egypt and Syria in 3000 BCE. In 2600 BCE - c. 1600 BCE Godin Tepe at its height is flourishing with trade, advances in metalworking and arts. Most populous area in the region until destroyed by earthquake. At 1900 BCE - c. 1400 BCE trade flourishes between Mesopotamia and other regions. 620 BCE is the Possible founding date for Ostia, the port of Rome. In 300 BCE - c. 200 BCE Greek colonists set up an emporion (trade centre) at Salona. In 138 BCE - 126 BCE Zhang Qian, as envoy of the Han emperor, opens up the most famous trading routes to date 'Silk Road' a trading route between China and central Asia. Then in 1 CE the first nonstop voyages from Egypt to India takes place. Last, in 200 CE the Roman road system is finished.
trading Cites -, By K.E. CARR. "History of Farming." Ancient Farming. N.p., 01 Sept. 2016. Web. 06 Nov. 2016. "Central Market." Departments & Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. Crashcourse. "The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 06 Nov. 2016. "Emonofloor Emono." Emonofloor Emono. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. Lรณpez-Alt, J. Kenji. "22 Supermarket Items You Should Leave on the Shelf (and What to Get Instead)." Serious Eats: The Destination for Delicious. N.p., 15 Jan. 2016. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Trade Timeline." - Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. @Wallpapersdsc. "Dollar HD Wallpapers Free Download." Wallpapers HD Free. N.p., 02 Oct. 2015. Web. 09 Nov. 2016.
Terms
Technology
Uruk-One of the first cities ever created, was the origin of the story Gilgamesh Prehistory-The time before recorded history
From the Very Technology has been with humans Beginning since prehistory. Technology has and still is one of the most important aspect of civilizations. Even before civilizations technology was what allowed humans to survive for thousands of years without having to evolve. Technology did not become part of a civilization but rather evolved with civilizations. The first evolution of tools were seen around 6,000 to 7,000 years ago in the city of Uruk. Tools still evolved after civilizations to fit the needs of what people were farming, see timeline to the right Technology in this case tools and weapons were used before civilizations for hunting and gathering and evolved to fit a civilizations needs after civilizations were formed. Tools evolved from bows and spears to farming ofequipment such as Evolution tools scythes and plows. The evolution of technology is one of the reasons that technology was incorporated into civilizations. New tools were made to fill certain tasks and old tool could be improved either with new design or a new material. THe new materials were so important that ages were named after them hence stone, copper, bronze, iron, and steel ages.
Agricultural Timeline 9000 BC
Wheat/barley, Fertile Crescent
8000 BC
Potatoes, South America
7500 BC
Goats/sheep, Middle East
7000 BC
Rye, Europe
6000 BC
Chickens, South Asia
3500 BC
Horse, West Asia
3000 BC
Cotton, South America
2700 BC
Corn, North America
An example of a scythe, a blade on the end of a pole that was used to cut wheat in a field.
A Bronze scythe head
Why Did Early Humans Make Tools?
Terms Nomad: A person who lives by moving with their food
Early Humans made tools to make life easier. New forms of technology in this case tools are Tilling and used to make life easier. Farming harvesting equipment, for example the the land plow was used to dig into the with tools ground and soften the ground. is much The plow allowed people to till easier than the ground efficiently without using your having to get down and dig with hands. their hands. Other forms of technology also made life better, the house evolved to be more permanent compared to the temporary homes of Technology itself has been with nomads. humans since the beginning, To conclude the lives of humans and is still with humankind in civilizations must have been only tools today. Technology has continued easier that the life of Not nomads and appliances to adapt as humans adapted. As have evolved technology has become more houses have advanced human life has turned from become easier. Back in time simple houses humans invented weapons and to huge tools, today humans invent new apartments . forms of devices and inventions such as phones and the laptop. Technology from prehistory and today are both essentially the same thing. They both make human life easier whether it was for hunting or for writing a textbook.
From Prehistory to Today
Reference s Works Cited
The Age of Bronze and Iron. Digital image. Technology Ages. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2016. Cuban Farmer Working on the Farm. Digital image. Video Blocks. Video Blocks, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2016. Heavy/Manual Work on the Farms in Cuba. Digital image. Video Blocks. Video Blocks, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2016. History of Technology, Editors. "History of Technology." HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY. History World, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Karpiel, Frank, Kathleen Krull, and Grant P. Wiggins. MyWorld History. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2012. Print. Kindersley, Dorling. "EARLY FARMING." EARLY FARMING. Fact Monster, 2007. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. Lake Dwellings. Digital image. Old European Culture. Old European Culture, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2016. Modern H2 Apartment. Digital image. Materialicious. Materialicious, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2016. Vintage Farming Scythe. Digital image. Ebay. Ebay, n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2016. <http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Vintage-Scythe-Knife-Antique-Farm-Tool-OldBlade-Tools-/350300855793>. World Map No Names. Digital image. Blogspot.com. Blog Spot, 4 Sept. 2009. Web. 9 Nov. 2016.
Recreation The start
Surplus of food.
Recreation started in the Neolithic Era . It all started when surplus of food were started, when farmers had enough food to give to their family and others. People had more free time, so they could do things that they really wanted, not want they had to do. And this is also why job specialization started. Job specialization is when everybodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s job is different based on interest. Also art was developed. Especially sculptures.
The Ancients Ancient Greece At that time Aristotle
was considered to be the king of leisure. Because most of the people didn't have the advantage of free time because of enslavement. Most of the activities that they practiced included sports. Like hunting, that was mostly enjoyed by aristocratic population. Also aquatic sports and acrobatics. Children would entertain themselves with toys and games. One particular game was the hula hoop; played in the streets, and was recommended by doctors as healthy exercise that children could perform by themselves. They also played dice and yoyoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.
Aristotle
Ancient Rome In ancient
Aquatic sports was and still is a very famous sport
rome, social classes were nonexistent. As the masses became structured into classes, the ones ruling did recreation, but only people that were familiar to them were able to join them. They also started to promote athletic competition. Some of the sports they practiced were mostly ball games like for example handball, soccer, field hockey, catch games, and dodge ball. Public Entertainment included, C hariot races at the Circus Maximus, musical and theatrical performances, public executions, beast hunts, and gladiatorial combat. Romeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most famous amphitheatre, the Colosseum, could fit up to 50,000 people.
What it shows about them All of this information demonstrates that the ancient people enjoyed to have free time and liked that that they promoted athletic competition. It is like nowadays, we enjoy playing and watching athletic competitions. It also shows that they enjoyed going to the theater and liked to practice art.
Colosseum
Neolithic Era, 10,200 BCWhen it all started , people had enough food to have free time
Ancient Rome, 73 BCEverybody was able to have recreational time because social classes were non-existent. Athletic competition was promoted.
1700 - Cricket became a very famous game, especially in Britain.
Ancient Greece, 200 BCOnly people that had the time could have free time sports began to gain popularity.
Middle Ages, 5th centuryMany things were privileges, for example hunting, only some people could do it.
1800- Children played with simple toys. Story telling was a common thing. Bowling Lanes were a big thing back then, 1900-social gatherings, live theatre, singers, reading and especially sports where very famous. Live theatre was big across Canada. 2000- A lot of people have fun with technological devices. Sport is also a very important thing now.
Works Cited
@ahencyclopedia. "Athletics, Leisure, and Entertainment in Ancient Rome." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 05 Nov. 2016. "Ancient Greek Recreation & Activities | Online Homework Help | SchoolWorkHelper." Online Homework Help SchoolWorkHelper. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2016. By the Later Archaic and Early Classical Period, However, the Two Great Commercial Powers, Corinth and Athens, Came to Dominate. "Greek Art Crystalinks." Greek Art - Crystalinks. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2016. "Design Inspiration for Your Homes." Skull Campco RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. Lethbridge College - Educational Enhancement Team Follow. "The Historical Development of Recreation." The Historical Development of Recreation. Slide Net, 12 Aug. 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Northwest History Express." Northwest History Express. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. "Pinterest." Water Polo. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "The Pursuit Of Virtue: Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics." Classical Wisdom Weekly. N.p., 17 June 2014. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Recreation - Daily Life in 1700's." Recreation - Daily Life in 1700's. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. "Recreation." History Of The 2000's. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. "Welcome / Bienvenue." Canadian Human Rights Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
Communication Communication was a very key aspect for early man. This complex practice allowed the early humans to talk and express themselves with each other, which led to the survival of early humans. They also needed to get information around so people could know what they had to do. Being able to communicate with each other, gave them the upper hand over the neanderthals. The left side is a homosapien and on the right is a neanderthal
First Form of Writing The earliest form of communication was pictograms. They were used to record and document data. This form of language was written in symbols
This is what a pictogram looked like that early man used to communicate
What It Suggest About Early Man Early man was able to create and do many things in order to benefit them in some form of way. The fact that they were able to evolve and make new inventions goes to show brilliant they were. Man was able to develop and better themselves with new inventions to help help them grow. Early man were very creative and bright for doing this
How Did They Do it? Early man experimented with a lot of things in order to make things. An example is the stone weapons. Man didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t just know how to make the tools. They needed to mess around with it first. After they started playing with it, they realized that the stone would hurt predators and prey. So, they made tools/weapons with them after that and further played with other materials and also developed those.
These are spears that early man used for hunting and defending themselves when they got attacked
Communication Timeline Of course, being able to do this and enhance it took time. Eventually once man figured out how to write, they made new forms of it. Creating these new forms took many years. This happened over 3 era’s of time. The Paleolithic Era, The Mesolithic Era and, The Neolithic Era.
The 3 Era’s The 3 era’s were specific parts in time when something new was invented. The Paleolithic Era is the oldest of them all. The Mesolithic Era is in the middle and The Neolithic Era being the newest. We are currently still in The Neolithic Era
This is a timeline of writing forms that were invented in order
Connections With The Past Early man and present day man still have some things in common. Things such as making tools and complex. There are a lot of things that we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have in common such as, everyday goal and hunting. Early man had a completely different mindset than we do nowadays. Each and everyday their goal was to survive and feed their families. Our mindsets today arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like that. Everyday early man had to hunt nd kill for their food. Today food is just handed to us with a simple purchase.
On the left is a hammer in The Paleolithic Era. On the right are the tools that have been evolved from that hammer in our current era (The Neolithic Era)
Why Are We Much Different? The answer to this question is technology. Each and every time something new was created, it reduced the amount of work we had to do or speed up the process of work. Each invention made us very lazy and ungrateful. We take the technology for granted that we have but in reality, we should be very grateful for it.
Key Term: Technology: an invention that makes life easier
Works Cited Admin, -. "Internal Communication: Don't Let What Happened to Enron Happen to You | Rosemary Plorin." Rosemary Plorin. N.p., 18 Apr. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. AugustaOutdoors. "Craftsman Donny Collins, Artisan of Stone Age Weapons." YouTube. YouTube, 04 Aug. 2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. By Leveraging Our Company's Offerings, Clients will Be Able to Communicate like Never before Using Customized Versions of Office 365 and Skype for Business for Emailing, Messaging and Conducting Audio and Video Meetings. "Communication Square LLC." Communication Square. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Comprehensive List of Tools | WV BAD Buildings." WV BAD Buildings. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "History of Communication." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrjn6-3J93fh_C-OWpjF-w. "Homo Sapiens vs Neanderthals and the Evolution of Language." YouTube. YouTube, 03 Jan. 2016. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. @JamesCainDesign. "History of Visual Communications Timeline." Behance. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. "The Magic of Communication." Voyage Control. N.p., 23 Feb. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Top 10 Stone Age Inventions." Top 10 List Land. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Why Was Writing Invented?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2016. "Writing." Writing. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. @YoutechAssoc. "MY 5 FAVORITE COMMUNICATION QUIZZES - Youtech Associates." Youtech Associates. N.p., 20 July 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
Timeline
3200 BC: Wall Paintings 2000 BC: Writing 1000 BC: alphabet 500 BC: Athens and Sparta 100 BC: Romans and Greeks 1400: Courthouse schools became popular 1500: Woman didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get education
1600:
1700: Based Education 1800: Change for woman 1900: Schools are integrated 2000: Technology
Education
- Pictures can be interpreted as many 3200 BC thing when you say something with precise words that Education has been traced have a definition back to 3200 BC the first they mean 1 thing education was painting on -Painting was hard walls about you knowledge and took time and and experience. supplies all you need to speak is your mouth -You can carry it around; a painting in a wall will stay on that wall and only the people who see that wall will benefit from China: Egypt: the picture when u 2000 BC Education in China Unlike China, speak u can speak was based on teaching Students were taught anywhere u want and people to be civil. usingto pictographic anyone they can It also had music, scriptlater called tell others word mathematics, writing and Hieroglyphics. spreads ritual. The purpose of Education was to train education, was to people to manage the transmit cultural heritage. Egyptian Empire. In China private school Advanced students started to prepare studied architecture, students for government medicine and religion service
Writing was created in 3200 BC. Writing became another tool for education, people know had a complex language this helped education go further for many reasons
Hindu: Hindu was based on vedas, vedas is an ancient hindu script. Vedas gave away to buddhist movement. The buddhist movement put Hindu at the bottom of the hierarchy, and this movement divided students, All school were open to girls and boys of any class, unlike most countries.
1000 BC: Greeks: Greeks are said to be the first educators of the western Society. All greeks favored education, but they disagreed on forms of it. Sparta and Athens were the main cities of Greece, they thought ve differently of education. Military education was Sparta’s main goal. They only trained physically fit warriors. Creativity and intellectual pursuit were super discouraged. On the other side, the Athens focus was 500BC intelligence. Education was Education a only New for boys. Formalwas School time period in 14. 479 BC when Ended at age the Athens defeated Sparta. Education carried on as the Athens did it. The Athens later to try to adapt some of the Sparta culture, they gave military training as an option
1400’s: During this time period court schools became popular in Italy. This was a very important change because without this “hit” courts would probably not be as advanced as they are now. Court schools prepared people to be judges or work for the law. Court Schools also taught latin,logic, music, astronomy and the first study of history. Also during this time period, what religion you where came to play.
100 BC
146 BC was when the Romans took over Greece in the battle of Corinth. Greek slaves were taken back by the Romans. Through the Roman Empire spread the Greek education methods. Quintiliani was the most well known teacher in his time, which was 35-95 BC.
1500’s During the 1500’s woman did not get the same education as men. They learned to clean and cook if they learned at all. Men got better education. Also, education was only for wealthier people. This started many protest and uproars in usual peace the townspeople had.
1700’s: Education was based on race, gender, location and class. Women were taught to find the perfect husband not to be independent individuals. There was one family that did not take this unfair law. The Wheatley family homeschooled their children and gave them everything schools gave men. Wheatley’s education was extremely rare for the 1700’s. The family that bought Wheatley taught her to read English, Greek and Latin. She also studied astronomy and 1900’s geography.
1800’s In the 1800’s education became a more important factor of one’s life. This year had the most significant change in women education. Growth in secondary education secondary schools were called academies, secondary education is high school and college. Now people went to school for eight more years!
In this year schools became integrated. Meaning black and white people could finally go to the same school. People had been fighting for this amazing moment for almost all of their life. Now slavery ended and it did not matter if you were pink, purple, or blue. Since this century nothing as bad as this has ever happened. This was a huge 2000’s: advancement for America. During this century technology, such as computer has come to play. This means not much things were written. This makes history not writte
Citations The Cave Was Closed to the Public in 1963. Tourists Now Visit a Replica Known as Lascaux II, Which Opened in 1983 &amp; Now Draws More than 250,000 People Ea. "Cave Painting." Pinterest. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "Where Are You From? - Credo Reference." Where Are You From? - Credo Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. Jacobs, Asa. "Education from 2000 B.C. to the 1800's." Prezi.com. N.p., 12 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Nov. 2016 "Hindu - Google Search." Hindu. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016.. "China+2000+bc - Google Search." China 2000 Bc. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Wall painting" Wallpainting.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "250+bc+greece - Google Search." 250+bc+greece - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "1000 BC Greece." N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Italian Peninsula." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "1000+bc+greece." 1000+bc+greece - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Court+school - Google Search." Court+school - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. "Integrated+schools+1900 - Google Search." Integrated+schools+1900 - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
What are Tools and Technology Tools and technology help to accomplish a task which would be very difficult or impossible to do without that equipment or device. Tools and technology drive progress and human civilizations forward. Tools and technology are examples of the ability of humans to solve everyday life problem and improve the way their society functions.
Stone Age
Stone / wooden club - A lump of wood that has a weight on one end and a grip on the other. They were invented around 10,000 years ago and was used to attack and kill animals that were much more though and increased the food supply because more food could be captured. Fluted / Music - A hollow stick with holes to create certain tunes that some might enjoy. The stick was created around 40,000 years ago and was one of the first forms of art and entertainment. Harpoon Point - A jagged point used to spear prehistoric fish up to 100 pounds. Feeds 80 people for 2 days. This very important weapon that helped greatly in the food supply and boosted the population support. Now large families can be supported more easily. Bones Needles - Used to sew warm tight clothes. These clothes made it possible to survive during the ice age and also protected the skin from injuries. The clothes made the warmth stay on the body to survive in the colder temperatures. Projectile Point - Attached to spears or darts used to hunt fast or dangerous animals. The point strengthened all projectiles and killing of larger stronger animals much easier.
Bronze Age
Smelting - Melting metals 90% copper 10% tin into cast molds to make bronze to make multiple tools and weapons, this upgrade in weaponry and tools grew civilizations and armies. Daggers / Swords - Made as one piece handle and blade, much stronger. The durability of tools and weapons increase making less of them having to be made because they will last much longer. Socketed Axe - Handle of the axe has a socket where the blade it attached firmly. The socketed axe was a new was now able to cut through wood more efficiently. The durability is way better than the older methods. Wooden Wheel - Transportation of people and goods, increased trade. The wheel makes the transporting goods and people easier and more efficient. Armor - Used to protect the user from harm. The armor defended the person wearing it from attack from other people and animals.
Iron Age
Iron Tipped Plow Blade - Broke up the hard grown quickly to expand and advance farming, to feed people and less labor. The plow made the labor requirements increase dramatically. Work that would require 500 people can now be done with 50. Iron Tools and Weapons - Iron is stronger and cheaper than bronze. The advancement grew territory of civilizations hugely in size. The cheapness of iron allowed the creation of more tools to further enhance the villages. Coins - Made a currency to buy items in large quantity. Instead of having to carry with you large amounts of trade you could just have some coins around. Now more items are getting sold. Wood Lathe - Allowed making wood into buckets to hold liquid. The wood lathe spun really fast and with carving and molding would permit the creation of buckets. Water Wheel - Uses the flow of water for energy (to turn a pulley) benefits increase food production. The water wheel would make energy that other mechanisms could use the function.
Information Age Plow - Most modern day tractor plows are constructed of heavy duty steel, powered by motors, and attach using the standard 3 point hitch but the overall design remains consistent with the original crooked plow. Harpoon Gun - Extremely modern, new generation thermoplastics guarantee very light and non-deformable point and handgrip, for incredible firing precision. The highly compact, hydrodynamic point makes it possible to lower the positioning of the bands. Smeltery - Construction of a new furnace with a modernization of the production facilities implementation of modern energy-efficient technologies for the production of copper. Tires - Today there are tire designs that contain up to 200 raw materials as well as a complex architecture of steel belts, textile plies and computer designed tread patterns. This ensures the best mobility of the current technology. Water Turbine - Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. They harness a clean and renewable energy.
Timeline Projectile Point (50,000 years ago)
Harpoon Point (90,000 years ago)
Stone / wooden club (10,000 years ago)
Fluted / Music (40,000 years ago) Socketed Axe (3,500 years ago)
Bronze Sword (3,000 years ago)
Iron Tools (2,500 years ago)
Iron Plow (2,250 years ago)
Wood Wheel (5,000 years ago)
Smelting (4,000 years ago)
Water Wheel (2,100 years ago)
Wood Lathe (2,000 years ago)
Coins (1,750 years ago)
Bibliography “Tractor Plows.” Tractor Plows, www.tractor-plows.com/. Tire, Discount. “Discount Tire.” Parts of a Tire, www.discounttire.com/dtcs/infotireconstruction.do. “Water+Turbine - Google Search.” Water+Turbine - Google Search, www.google.com/search?q=water%2bturbine&client=safari&hl=en-us&prmd=sivn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=x& ved=0ahukewjb_ke495zqahxfscykhcmadd8q_auibygb&biw=768&bih=928#imgrc=tgecvxyif9a6zm%3a . “Our Products.” Sterling Leisure, sterlingleisure.com.au/product/brand/cressi/comanche/. UzReport. “The German Company Builds a New Copper Smelter on Almalik Mining and Metallurgy Combine (Almalyk MMC) - UzReport.uz.” The German Company Builds a New Copper Smelter on Almalik Mining and Metallurgy Combine (Almalyk MMC) - UzReport.uz, news.uzreport.uz/news_4_e_124162.html. “Playing Hickory - Hickory Golf Clubs.” Hickory Golf, playhickory.com/playing-hickory/.
Vocabula ry Religion- A civilizationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; beliefs is a system of right conduct, which is taught to all citizens. The religious beliefs mainly mirror the geography and environment. Neanderthals- first known man on earth Animism- belief that the natural world is full of spirits
Signs of Religion Religion has always been a part of everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives, ever since Neanderthals had burial practices. They would place the dead body in the ground and sometimes place items to surround the body. Both Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals believed in doing this. Dead bodies in the ground show that they believed in a form of afterlife and a god. Scientists have discovered multiple bodies that do prove that the Ice Age people buried their dead. The burial practices and cave paintings show how early humans reacted to what they believed were powerful forces. Early river civilizations believed in many gods, which took both animal and human form. Some early civilizations were animistic, believing all things possessed a spirit. Sometimes, religion is brought as a result of trade or conquest.
Religion Through the Years 1 CE
5 CE
1400 CE
Moche Civilizationbelieved in the knowledge of the Moche pantheon. The powerful forces were Al Paec the creator or sky god and his son Si the moon goddess.The god may also be depicted as a gigantic spider figure ready to suck the lifeblood from his victims.
White Huns Inca Civilization- religion Civilization- Burial of the Inca was preoccupied customs were with a with controlling the natural stone cairn raised to world and avoiding natural house the tomb and a pit disasters. Sacred sites were to hold the coffin. Goods also established,such as were also laid in the mountain tops, caves, and tomb with the person springs. who had died. This giving evidence of the religion of the Hephthalites,that they believed in fire worship, and was said to be following foreign or demon gods. from multiple gods in one religion two Religion has changed
just one or two.
Religion Comparison
In the early ages around 200,000 years ago animism was the main religion to most clans and there were multiple small other ones made up by each clan. Now in 2016 there are many massive religions, 2.1 billion believe in Christianity, 1.3 billion believe in Islam, and 851 million believe in Hinduism. Those are just the top three out of 4,200 religions. The fact that
Referenc es Cartwright, Mark. "Inca Civilization." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 15 Sept. 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Cartwright, Mark. "Moche Civilization." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 20 Aug. 2014. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. Karpiel, Frank, Kathleen Krull, and Grant P. Wiggins. My World History. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2012. Print. Naveed, Muhammad Bin. "White Huns (Hephthalites)." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 22 June 2015. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. Skeen, Brooke. "The Religion and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt and Ancient China." Emaze Presentations. Brookeskeen, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "Top Ten Organized Religion in the World." Infoplease. Infoplease, 10-17 Dec. 2015. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "UFOs and Aliens in Ancient Art." The Ghost Diaries Comments. The Ghost Diaries, 2015. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "Dawn Wallpapers." Dawn Wallpapers. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "A2ua.com." Evolution Page 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016.
Aesthetics Aesthetics: n. the way a place or work looks Neolithic Era: n. also known as New Stone Age Architecture: n. designing and constructing buildings and monuments The ancient civilizations of the Stone Age have been shaped through the arts and architecture that make each one unique. The aesthetics that early people created in the places that they lived have been a paramount aspect towards the development of cities. The power that aesthetics influence on civilizations allows people to be bonded together through arts and architecture. Particularly in ancient times, these arts and architecture were used to help humans communicate through social systems or spiritual significance. Certain methods and types of aesthetics can reveal a lot about a civilization and how people lived.
Key Terms
Arts Throughout the Stone Age, the creation of art has varied in different times. Archaeologists often inspect the artwork of artifacts to identify the approximate time period that it was made. The Earliest Artwork The oldest form of art that has been discovered is cave art. Prehistoric humans depicted their lifestyles and beliefs through images. The cave art that has been found so far reveals pictures of animals rarely, people. Caveand, art in Lascaux, France. Cave paintings were most likely done using paint
Art Becomes More Functional Art from the Neolithic Era was noticed by archaeologists to appear on items with functions, rather than just on walls. When the New Stone Age began, weapons, stones, sculptures, and pottery became works of ancient art. People developed new forms of painting on shapes made from sun dried clay. Neolithic painting is recognizable from its relatively simple geometric patterns and forms. Modern Appearances Today, in the modern world, ancient art techniques are still carried on by people everywhere. Although artistic technology has improved since that early time,, art still appears on items used every day, and archaeologists are constantly discovering remains A preserved piece of from people who lived in the Neolithic pottery, found Neolithic Era. An archaeological in China. site in Dimini, Greece, has revealed artifacts. tion on how people lived duringmultifarious the Stone Age, as It gave archaeologists they were able to explore what was left of an lots earlyof new informacivilization.
Architecture Throughout the Stone Age, the creation of art has varied in different times. So has types of architecture. The first forms of architecture were created during the Neolithic Era, when people began to settle in one place. This is how civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, began. Although there were countless early constructions, not a substantial amount of them have been discovered, as the oldest ones were not notably sturdy. Archaeologists sometimes separate architecture into two parts:
Stonehenge is one of the most famous Neolithic monuments.
Buildings The earliest architects discovered two main ways to construct the houses, temples, and towers that were built in the Stone Age. The first, simple method is called Post-And-Beam, in which vertical columns supported horizontal roofs. This method was often used for tombs or for easy shelters. The other common Neolithic construction method is called Corbell, which produced better-looking results. Monuments Today, in the modern world, ancient art techniques are still carried on. Although better technology has been invented since that time, art still appears on daily items, and archaeologists are constantly discovering remains. An archaeological site in Dimini, Greece, has revealed multifarious artifacts. Many of the famous Neolithic monuments and archaeological sites have been found in Europe. Stonehenge, a Post-And-Beam structure found in England, is credited with being one of the most wellknown historical sites. The most complex monument in Western Europe, it forms a circle of upright stones. Another significant collection of monuments is the
Architecture Today Many buildings and monuments in modern times are inspired by constructions of the past. For example, the White House in Washington, D.C. contains many of the qualities in beautiful ancient Greek architecture, such as columns in the front of the building. Different styles of building have not only improved peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s homes and their durability, but have also established a distinct culture in other areas. The creation of aesthetics has been a significant part of the development of humankind. Arts have been both a form of decoration and of communication, and architecture supports both columns and lives. Aesthetics are a way for people to display their culture and communicate to people of the present and future.
The Development of Aesthetics 40,800 Years Ago Cave art was created by Neanderthals 5,314 Years Ago The Carnac Stones are erected
13,000 Years Ago The first pottery is made
12,000 Years Ago The Neolithic Era begins
3,500 Years Ago Stonehenge is completed
175 Years Ago The oldest building in the world is found
Works Cited "Architecture." Fhw.gr. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2016. Moffat, Charles. "Prehistoric & Ancient Art." Prehistoric Art & Ancient Art - The Art History Archive. N.p., Dec. 2007. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Neolithic Art." Encyclopedia of Stone Age Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Sakoulas, Thomas. "Dimini." Ancient-Greece.org. N.p., 2002. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Stone Age Art." Essential Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
Different Education Systems in Civilizations USA Today Education Today, everyone is able to go to school and have a solid education. Both male and female are prohibited. Some schools are specialized with kids that have disabilities such as autism, deafness, blindness etcetera. Public schools are free from Pre-K until twelfth grade. College is not free and is prohibited from limiting the number of students with disabilities admitted. In 2012, black students had a 69% graduation rate, while hispanic students had a 73% graduation rate. Also in 2012, caucasian1 students had an 86% graduation rate while asian students had an 88% graduation rate. This does not mean that not as many black kids can go to school compared to asian, it just shows that there is more motivation for education in these different rates, and it also shows that anyone is able to go to school. 1)
Caucasian- White-skinned person from Europe
Sumerian Education The ancient sumerian civilization took place in 4000 B.C.. The education there was only for wealthier families, since it was costly. There were two different types of schools. Schools that specifically trained scribes, and general schools that taught grammar and writing. Like most of the civilizations at the time, boys were the only ones admitted and allowed to go to school.
Egyption Education The Ancient Egyptian civilization was one of the six civilizations to arise independently. The education there at the time is very different from modern times. The only subjects taught were writing, math, reading and sports. Females were not aloud to go to school or be educated, only male students were accepted. Instead of going to school, females would stay at home and be taught by their mothers how to be a good mother when the time came. This was because they believed that the only reason females were on the earth was to reproduce. The only females to be educated were the daughters of wealthy male nobles. Some jobs that uneducated females would have were dancers, weavers, bakers, or entertainers. For male, education began at four years old. Males would always follow in their fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s footsteps. This means they would have the same job because the father would be able to teach his son the techniques or skills for it. Some schools were devoted to teaching kids a specific job, such as scribes or priests.
Timeline
Sumerian Education
USA Today Education
(4000 B.C.)
(Today)
Egyption Education (3000 B.C.)
Resources By Precept and Example, Parents Would Instill into Them Various Educational Principles, Moral Attitudes and Views of Life. Thus from a Tender Age They Would Receive Their Basic Education in the Bosom of the Family. For Girls, This Wa. "Tour Egypt :: Egypt: Ancient Egypt Education and Learning." Egypt: Ancient Egypt Education and Learning. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. Giles, Greg. "The Sumerian Tablets Contain Our Entire Biblical Stories, with These Amazing Differences & Some Other Facts You Really Need to Hear." Ascension Earth :. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "Classroom Pictures, Images and Stock Photos." - IStock. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. Karpiel, Frank, Kathleen Krull, and Grant P. Wiggins. My World History. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2012. Print. @ahencyclopedia. "Sumer." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 28 "The U.S. Educational System." U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. “11 Facts About Education in America.” DoSomething.org. N.p., n.d Web. 04 Nov. 2016. By Law, Grants under This Program Cannot Discriminate against Students with Disabilities. "Colleges For Students With Disabilities | Accredited Schools Online.org." Colleges For Students With Disabilities | Accredited Schools Online.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. "Education in Ancient Egypt." Education in Ancient Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. "Ancient Egypt." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "Sumerian Education." Sumerians. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
Transportation Definition
Transportation is a form of movement, it is a way to travel from place to place usually between animals, people, or goods. To the left is a picture of a roman carriage.
Transportation made it easier to get certain jobs done during civilization. It allowed people to trade and move people and animals from place to place and that allowed this aspect of transportation to come into civilization. Transportation became a lasting necessity because if the civilization did not have it then To the right is a wooden everything would take a lot longer to wagon used to carry goods. complete everything and let people get what they need which will kill people.
Usage Early Civilizations used transportation to move goods from to place to place so people can get what they need in order to survive. It shows that the culture of early people needed many things and needed a quicker way to get from place to place.
Timeline Walking Beginning of Civilizatio n
Domestic ation of Animals 4,000 & 3,000 B.C
Wheel which lead to carts and cars : 3,500 B>.C
Sail Boats: 4,000 3,000 B.C
Connection the Past to The Present
References ● "Railroad Pictures 71800." Railroad Pictures Wallpaper. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● "Roads in Ancient Rome - Crystalinks." Roads in Ancient Rome - Crystalinks. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● Http://gethelponline.org/author/admin/. "How To Make a Wooden Wagon Wheel." Get Help Online. N.p., 25 Sept. 2015. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● Noble, Bonnie. "ANCIENT EGYPT." Declaration.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● By Paula Collewijn - The Art of Horses. "Ancient Glory by Paula Collewijn - The Art of Horses." Fine Art America. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● ThingLink. "In 1300 B.C., Mesopotamia Invented the Sailboat. They Inv... by AydanE." In 1300 B.C., Mesopotamia Invented the Sailboat. They Inv... N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● "Ancient Wheel on a Timbered Wall." 123RF Stock Photos. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. ● "A History of Transportation." Http://www.localhistories.org/transport.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.
Trade Trade is the action of exchanging something for something else. Trade advanced civilizations because it allowed people to become less self sufficient. Trade allowed people to get what they needed from others. Trade has become a lasting necessity because people need to get things from each other. er t r a b f p le o m a x e An
Early Civilizations In ancient civilizations, trade was used in the form of bartering or exchanging goods. People today do not barter, they use money to buy what they need. Job specialization made it so that people needed to trade with each other to get what they needed. People would be able to provide most of the things they needed and they would barter to get the rest.
Silk Road Trade Network
Phoen
ician T rade s hip
Timeline of Trade 3000 BC Mesopotamia- first long distance trade Rivers were used as trade networks 2400 BC Mesopotamia- started using coins 1st century- World trade and Roman silk road A trade network that allowed world trade. 9th century Phoenicians use boats to trade across oceans. Ancient Mesopotamian Trade Now Coins People trade with money now and they buy what they need. Bartering is no longer used. Also, countries trade with each other. Another example of modern day trade is the stock market where people can buy and sell stocks to own part of a company that they think will succeed.
Bibliography
Works Cited "Ancient Mesopotamia Money and Currency." , Barter System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Barter. Digital image. Contradealer. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2016. Beattie, Andrew. "The History Of Money: From Barter To Banknotes." Investopedia. N.p., 01 Feb. 2016. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. By the Early 9th Century Viking Tribes Known as the Rus Have a Base on the Site of Novgorod. "HISTORY OF TRADE." HISTORY OF TRADE. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. Earth. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. Mesopotamian Coins. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. Phoenician Ship. Digital image. Engrade. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2016. Silk Road. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. Whipps, Heather. "How Ancient Trade Changed the World." Livescience.com. N.p., 17 Feb. 2008. Web. 3 Nov. 2016.
Picture of the Via Appia, the first ever road
Governing
to rule over by right of authority
Primitive Government As ancient civilizations began developing, laws and enforcement of those laws were needed in order to keep corruption away. For example, in Ancient China during 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang declared himself emperor of China. This gave him control over lords of kingdoms and citizens as well.However, China did not interact with other growing civilizations, limiting its trade. Other early civilizations, such as Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia and Rome were not as quiet as China. These civilizations had one main goal. To gain land and power. Along with land and power, early civilizations needed to organize public works, such as roads, city walls, granaries, and water systems. Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall of China to defend China from northern invaders. In Rome during 312 BC, its republic government created the Via Appia, the first ever road to be created.
A bust of Pallas of Hammurabi
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is the oldest known civilization to be organized and began in 5,000 BC. Hammurabi is an iconic figure in government history from ruling Mesopotamia through 1792-1750 BC. In 1,800 BC, Hammurabi created the first law code,dealing with slander, trade, slavery, duties of workers, theft, trade, liability, and divorce. Hammurabiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s army was his own citizens but he heightened the city walls for defensive purposes instead.
Vocabulary: 1. Slander: the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
Painting showing a meeting of Aristocrat Greek Oligarchies
Greece’s Oligarchy During 1000-800 BC, Greece created the first oligarchy. Greece’s oligarchy was controlled by the aristocrats who shared the ruling power in the cities-states of Greece. These groups met once a week and enforced their rule on military support. Their cavalry, a group of soldiers who fight on horses, was their most important part of their army. Until the time of Draco in Athens during 621 BC, no laws were written. Therefore, they did not have much saw on how their cities or states were run. There are many reasons in why the Greek oligarchy was overthrown. Aristocrats did not treat the Greek civilians well. They ignored the poorer people and usd slaves. In result, the peasant population increased dramatically and many food shortages occurred. They also did not fulfill promise they made. Instead their did everything their own way and did not listen to anyone else’s ideas. By the 400s B.C.E., only one Greek oligarchy ruled a city-state, Sparta Vocabulary 1. Oligarchy: a government controlled by a small group of people. 2. Sparta: An ancient Greek city-state and rival of Athens.
Painting showing the signing of the Declaration of Independence
Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Democracy On July 4, 1776, America gained their independence from the British after signing the Declaration of Independence. America chose to be a democracy. Thomas JEfferson, along with his committee approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring them an independent country from Britain. The Declaration of Independence consisted of 3 sections: 1, Natural rights theory and purpose of government 2. A list of complaints against the British King 3. And the declaration of independence from England. However, the Declaration of Independence is only one part of the U.S law code. The Organic Laws of the United States of America contains the general and permanent laws of the U.S. The Organic Laws includes the laws of the Declaration of Independence, The Articles of Confederation, the Northwest Ordinance, and the Constitution. The Continental Army was Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s army at the time. George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war against the British. It was made up of soldiers from all 13 American colonies. The military forces of the Continental Army were a navy, a marine force, a calvary, and if needed. A militia. Along with military forces, the Continental Congress was divided into 7 departments: 1. The Canadian Department 2. Eastern Department 3. Northern Department 4. Highlands Department 5. Middle Department 6. Western Department 7. And the Southern Department. Vocabulary: 1.
Democracy: Type of government where citizens elect representatives to form a governing body.
2.
Ordinance: a piece of legislation enacted by a municipal authority.
Picture of Raul Castro, the current dictator in Cuba
Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Governments As time has passed, more laws have been passed, leading to the evolution of governments. Greeceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s government form of tyranny has evolved to dictatorship used in countries such as Cuba, and Egypt. The primitive Greece oligarchy has spread across the world and is used in countries, such as China, North Korea, and Venezuela. Oligarchy has evolved as well and countries using this form of government understand that cruelty is not the way to use the power of an oligarchy. Most countries could have more than one form of government. For example, America could be a liberal democracy, a federal republic, a constitutional republic, and it uses a presidential system. Currently, America is a constitutional republic. However, the most common form of government is Parliamentary monarchy. Vocabulary: 1. Liberal democracy: a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism 2. Constitutional Republic: a state where the officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens
3. Parliamentary monarchy: a state headed by a monarch who is not actively involved in policy formation or implementation
Timeline Mesopotamia Civilization Begins Greece oligarchy begins
5000 BC 1000 BC
Hammurabi becomes king
1800 BC
Hammurabi writes first law code
1792 BC
Greece oligarchy ends
America gains independence from Britain by signing Declaration of Independence
America becomes a democracy Organic Laws are formed in America
800 BC
1774
1789
1840s
Citations @ahencyclopedia. "Greek Government." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 17 Mar. 2013. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. @ahencyclopedia. "Hammurabi." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 12 Nov. 2011. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. @ahencyclopedia. "Ur-Nammu." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 16 June 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. "Ancient Greece." For Kids: Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Ancient Greek Government." Emaze Presentations. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. By 1780 Massachusetts, Which Had Delayed Writing Its Constitution, Came up with the Solution. It Elected a Convention Specially Designed to Form a Constitution and Then Placed That Constitution before the People for Ratification. As Enlightened Europeans. "Creating a New Government." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. By Codifying, and Subsequently Enforcing, Laws of Morality, the Government Extended Its Power over the Private Lives of Its Population, as Well as Their Economic Relationships or Religious Beliefs. "Hammurabi's Code." Hammurabi's Code. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. By the 1500s, There Was No Country in the World with More Robbers, Thieves, and Prostitutes than England. Other Countries, Too, Experienced Lawlessness to Such a Degree That Citizen Groups, Known as Vigilantes, Sprang up to Combat Crime. "History of Law Enforcement." - Police History. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. By the 4th Century BC Rome Controlled Most of Central Italy, so Engineers Were Asked to Create a Transportation Infrastructure That Would Connect the Expanding Empire. Before 312 BC, Roads Did Not Exist in Rome. Before Roads Existed There Were Two Types O. "Public Works." Ancient Rome Civilization. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. By This Year, There Were over Two Hundred Miles of Roads in New Hampshire Alone. "America's Best History - U.S. Timeline 1770s." America's Best History - U.S. Timeline 1770s. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Code of Hammurabi." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Code of Ur-Nammu." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "The Definition of Governing." Dictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. Duhaime, Lloyd. "Hammurabi, 1810-1750 BC." Duhaime.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Hammurabi." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. "Harappa." "Great Bath" Mohenjo-Daro. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. "History of China." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. Kjeilen, Tore. "Hammurabi - LookLex Encyclopaedia." Hammurabi - LookLex Encyclopaedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. McGaughey, William. "A Brief History of Government." A Brief History of Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. "Public Works." Ancient Egypt Civilization. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. Robert. "Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Solon and Laws." Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Solon and Laws. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. Shmoop Editorial Team. "The American Revolution Statistics." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 03 Nov. 2016. ŸÞt. "Four Forms of Government in Ancient Greece." (n.d.): n. pag. Mphmtshistory.weebly.com. Web. 3 Nov. 2016. "Via Appia Antica and Catacombs." European Trips. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016