Period 3 aspects of civilizations by Cristina Salup

Aspects Of CivilizationS

Sumerian Education Education is the process of receiving or giving instruction; mostly at schools and universities. Education is used for the future, each new generation is responsible for the future. Through education we are able to see advancement in society.

The Beginning Education first began in southern Mesopotamia. Schools were usually in a seperate rooms set of from Temples and the teachers were former Scribes and Priests. In 3,000 BCE the first Sumerian schools began.

Subject In school the children learned reading, writing, and other religious practices. They used hardened clay tablets as we know today as paper.

Cuneiform The written language was called cuneiform which means wedge-shaped. They wrote it on clay and used tools to carve it. There were over 600 symbols they had to memorize to be able to scribe.

Social Class A lot of the families could not afford schooling for their children, the upper class families were the the only ones that could. For the rest of the children, they worked with the family and helped with farming and chores. If your family was fortunate enough to be very wealthy, they let girls go to school as well. For the most part, only boys were considered worthy to go to school.

Teachers Teachers were very disciplinary in their work, If you made a mistake you would be punished by getting whipped. Teachers punished students who spoke out of turn, spoke without permission, dressed inappropriately, or got up and left without permission. They expected students to be obedient as well as hard working like how the typical school is today.

Learning When schooling first began it was very simple and a basic formation, it was mainly to understand the world they lived in with reading and writing. Schooling today goes much much deeper into information and not just the basic steps. In the first civilization education was not as important, but today we depend on education for an improved and advanced life.

Timeline 3200 BC Writing was first introduced in China 3,000 BC first schools in southern Mesopotamia 2,000 BC Education in China 500 Bc Education throughout Greece and the islands.

Today Since the time that education first began, we have advanced greatly. Today we have new technologies and a greater system of education. When we look back at the first school today, we see a revolution. Education is the only way we are where we are today. In schools today we do not have scribes or priests as teachers, and all students are welcome whether you are a boy or a girl. Everyone is equal.

Education did not reach America until 1653 in boston.

Impact

Education would later lead to a better society. With the help of education you could improve your personal reputation in social classes and job specialization.

Citations Research (Website) “History of Education in the United States.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education_in_the_United_States. “Mesopotamian Education and Schools.” History, 25 May 2017, www.historyonthenet.com/mesopotamian-education-and-schools/. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Southern_Mesopotamia.png.

Pictures (Website) “Sumerian Education.” Sumerians, 702642063605640228.weebly.com/sumerian-education.html. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Southern_Mesopotamia.png. “Cuneiform.” Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/ancient-near-east1/ sumerian/a/cuneiform. Williams, Penny. “Ancient Egypt Social Structure by: Penny Williams 5th Hour by Penny Williams.” ThingLink, www.thinglink.com/scene/885586337846001665. “American Indians.” The Native American Story | Texas State History Museum, www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/campfire-stories/native-americans.

Transportation The first uses of Transportation during the Neolithic era is when people started using animals for it. Animals were extremely important because they helped people travel a lot faster and they could carry more items. This was also very important because without the use of transportation people could not trade very often because they would have to go very far for trade and without getting there safe and fast they needed a transportation animal. After animals were being used as transportation a new invention called the sledge was also extremely useful it was useful in the colder areas because people could use it to slide down the snow, people are also thought to have used them for wolves to pull them. Another use of the sledge was so they could put giant building blocks on them and move them to a certain area, sledges are also thought to be used when building Giza.

Conclusion

The wheel and wagon was created, 3500 BC this helped with the next creation called the chariot. The wheel and wagon was very important for trading and also for markets so people could bring their things that they sell on the wagon.Transportation is extremely important because it helped people not just to move but also for war because it helped with reinforcements and for the creation of the chariot this helped when people were charging through enemy forces.

Timeline

Animals were the first use of transportation 4000 BC

Wheel and Wagon Was created 3500 BC

The next use of transportation is the sledge 7000-4000 BC

Chariot was created in 2000 BC

Citations Works Cited HISTORY OF TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL,

Simplified, Learning. “Travel in Paleolithic and Neolithic Period.” World's Fastest Growing Educational Portal, www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/unit

s/lessons/notes/note-detail/9070.www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistori es.asp?historyid=ab79

“Chariot.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariot. PIctures used c2.staticflickr.com/6/5025/5572162341_9519342545_b.jpg. Https://Cdn.pixabay.com/Photo/2013/07/12/12/36/Sledge-145993_960_720.Png. maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/static/photo/1x/Profile-Look-Portrait-Eye-Photo-Blac k-White-Donkey-2804147.jpg. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Mawson%27s_half_sledge.jpg. c1.staticflickr.com/7/6175/6264699889_7f171bd4ab_b.jpg. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Ancient_Greek_racing_chariot.jp g. Ancient Roman Transportation - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/rometransportation.html.

The Beginning of Protecting and Conserving The culture of war and militaries started around the fertile crescent near Mesopotamia, other successful civilizations, and Jericho. Both the culture of war and the component of defending cities was started during 80004000 BC and it still goes on till today. People began attacking other civilizations because they would raid them to collect valuable things and to steal more food to have a bigger surplus of food.This impacted society because it made new forms of defense and helped the people out so everyone would now that they would be safe and not worry about whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outside the walls of their civilizations. Once the aspect of protecting and conserving started, priests would normally be the leaders to protect their troops from God or sometimes they would choose someone that was experienced enough for the job

Defense What were their defense tactics? A good example of a defense tactic is that Tel es-Sultan on the west bank of the Jordan River (the site of ancient Jericho) had an extensive fortification system that defended the town to home to about twenty-five hundred people. The worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s oldest city was sheltered by the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first fortress. A wall that was ten feet thick and thirteen feet high encircled the ten-acre town. Within the wall stood a circular tower thirty feet high with an interior stone stairway.

About Weapons Resources of Weapons Most of their tools were made of flint, stone and wood. Most tools had a handle of wood and the actual dangerous item was made of flint and stone. What They Used They used arrowheads with a shaft hole in the middle. They used many different types of axes like, battle axes, flint axes, ceremonial axe, and stone hammer axe. They also used sickles, adzes, etc. They also liked to use bow and arrows and spears because there were better for getting stuff that were at a longer distance.

Conclusion In all, militaries back then and now both serve the same types of purposes. Militaries are used today to protect the homeland and the people inside. The aspect of having protection and having a military started around 4000-7000 BC and it still goes on till today.

Works Cited “Military History: The Birthplace of War.” HistoryNet, 4 Aug. 2016, www.historynet.com/military-history-the-birthplace-of-war.htm. “Neolithic to Early Bronze Age.” Neolithic and Bronze Age Stone Tools and Weapons, www.ancienttouch.com/neolithic-bronze-age stone.htm. History: Warfare in Prehistory, culture-of-peace.info/books/history/prehistory-war.html. Karpiel, Frank, et al. My World History: Early Ages. Pearson, 2010.

Pictures Used Walls Of Jericho. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Book_of_Joshua_Chapter_6-2_(Bible_Ill ustrations_by_Sweet_Media).jpg.

Start of War. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Arbo-Olav_den_helliges_fall_i_sl aget_p%C3%A5_Stiklestad.jpg. Neolithic Weapons. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/1911_Britannica-Archaeology-N eolithic.png. Bronze Weapons. lh6.googleusercontent.com/proxy/OXQmssC1EQ5nhBauSwppMEbKFDGFC32O1 ZyWjBBZAir1Va7UDU8La4W9t3KxLPh9OBP8zu5HotfCzK2t1tcg_ Archer. cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/01/31/20/42/archer-2027137_960_720.png. American Soldiers. soldiers.dodlive.mil/files/2015/06/multicam-2.jpg.

Works Cited(Cover) "20 Awesome Exchange Money Clipart Images." Weclipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Army Symbols Clip Art." 101 Clip Art. N.p., n.d. Web. "Black Brush Clip Art." CLKER FREE Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Education Symbols Clip Art." 101 Clip Art. N.p., n.d. Web. "File:Ic Palette 48px.svg." File:Ic Palette 48px.svg Wikimedia Commons. N.p., n.d. Web. "File:Religion Icon.svg." File:Religion Icon.svg - Wikimedia Commons. N.p., n.d. Web. "Flames In Black And White Clip Art." CLKER FREE Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Free Image on Pixabay - Communication, Dialogue, Query." Free Vector Graphic: Communication, Dialogue, Query Free Image on Pixabay - 1809935. N.p., n.d. Web. "Government Building Icon Clip Art." CLKER FREE Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Gray World Map Clip Art." CLKER FREE Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Ground Transportation Symbol Sign Clip Art." CLKER FREE Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. "Passenger Train Transit Icon #038455." Icons Etc. N.p., n.d. Web. "Spear Clipart." Openclipart. N.p., n.d. Web.

Section 1

Trade Key Ideas: •Trade started to occur after man had a surplus of food and job specializations. Key Terms:

•Trade

•Surplus

•Job Specialization

Birth of Trade Trade is the action of exchanging one item for another. In the early ages, man used trade to obtain what he did not know how to make or gather himself. Today, we use money, or currency, to buy or obtain what we want and need. Trade was first used by the Homo Sapiens in the Neolithic Era. They started to grow crops which led them to a surplus, or more than needed to feed themselves. When there was a surplus of food, not everyone in their village needed to farm, which led to job specialization. Job specialization occurs when people spend most of their time working at a single job or craft. During this time, man specialized in and traded many decorative stones, shelter, weapons, food, and pottery.

First Human Form of Trade

This is a picture of bartering.

The first human form of trade was bartering. Bartering began in 6000 B.C. among the Mesopotamian tribes and spread to Phoenicia (Israel, Syria, Lebanon). Job specialization was made possible because of bartering. Man depended on trade to eat, even when the creation of money evolved, bartering did not stop. Bartering then led to the creation of currency.

Section 2

Trade Bartering continued despite the presence of money and even the salary of soldiers was paid in salt, during the time of the Roman Empire. Salt was very valuable and the soldiers could barter for goods with salt instead of money.

Some symbols that were imprinted onto the coins were snakes and owls. The last Lydian king, Croesus, minted the first gold coin in history.

Bartering can even be seen in modern times. People began to barter once again because of their lack of money during the Great Depression. People at this time were able to barter for clothes and food.

Egyptian Bartering The Egyptians did not use official currency. They relied on bartering to obtain the goods they needed. The main item that they bartered was wheat. Wheat was their staple food because they usually had an abundance each season. Wheat banks were invented where farmers could deposit wheat and get what they needed. Those banks operated in the same way that they do today. The banks would demand payment every time someone withdrew wheat.

First Currencies The first non-official currency was created in 1,100 B.C. in China. In that area, people bartered using weapons in order to obtain food. Moreover, people began forging miniature replicas of those weapons. Centuries later, the Chinese decided on the round shape of a coin. Those are the most recognizable coins, but not the oldest coins. The first minted coins were created in Lydia (Western Turkey). The coins were made out of electrum ,a combination of gold and silver that occurs naturally, in 600 BC . The symbols on the coins represented the value.

This is a picture of the minted coins.

Greek Currency The main ancient Greek currency was the silver drachma in 600 B.C. The original value of a drachma was a handful of arrows. Drachmas ceased to be an official and legal form of money in Greece in 2002 when the Euro became the main form of money.

This is a picture of the drachmas.

Section 3

Trade First Currencies

International Trade: United States

The first paper money was created in China during the Song Dynasty 2,000 years after the first recognizable coins were made. The paper money was invented because businesses were going very well and coins were running out. Each bill was called a Guan, and its value was equal to 1,000 copper coins in 1380. However, inflation occurred years later. One guan was worth only 0.28 of a copper coin in 1536.

The United States of America has one of the most complex trading systems in the world. Its exports are cars, refined petroleum, planes, helicopters, spacecraft parts, and vehicle parts. Its imports are cars and refined and/or crude petroleum, computers, and vehicle parts.

This is a picture of a cargo ship which we use today to transport goods. .

This is a picture of the Guan.

Today Today we also use trade to obtain the things we want and sell the things that others want. Some forms of trade today are amazon, ebay, supermarkets, flea markets, etc.

International Trade: Egypt Timeline In ancient Egypt, trading between countries helped Egypt become very strong. It was one of the strongest nations of all time. There were trade routes leading to Egypt from all over the world. Egypt exported luxury items that were crafted by skilled job specialists. They exported linen, gold jewelry, dried fish, papyrus, and ox hides. The goods imported to Egypt were mostly raw materials that the craftsmen made into items of luxury.

6000 B.C.: Bartering begins 1,100 B.C.: First Currency 600 B.C.: Greek Currency 1974 A.C.: International Trade

Work Cited (Research) "Ancient Egypt for KidsEconomy and Trade." Economy, Trade, Barter, Debens, Money - Ancient Egypt for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. "Ancient Egyptian Money,Economy,Barter System,Coins,The Deben." Egyptian Money Temple Documents Biographies Other Archaeological Data. N.p., n.d. Web. Anderson, Kelly. "Barter System History: The Past and Present." Mint. N.p., 15 Dec. 2014. Web. Beattie, Andrew. "The History Of Money: From Barter To Banknotes." Investopedia. N.p., 01 Feb. 2016. Web. Boeykens, Coralie. "Museum of the National Bank of Belgium." Paper Money, a Chinese Invention? — Museum of the National Bank of Belgium. N.p., n.d. Web. Dann, Lin. "Ancient Egypt for KidsPaying for Goods." Ancient Egypt for Kids - Grain Banks, Barter, Metal Weights, Debens, Money - Paying for Goods - Ancient Egypt for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. Karpiel, Frank, et al. MyWorld History. Pearson, 2012. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Drachma." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 29 Oct. 2013. Web. “Trade.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/trade. "United States." United States Economy: Population, GDP, Unemployment, Inflation, Spending. N.p., n.d. Web.

Work Cited (Pictures) "COINS. Ancient Greek. Kingdom of Lydia, Time of Cyrus to Darios I (c.545-520 BC), Gold Stater, Sarde." ICollector.com Online Auctions. N.p., n.d. Web. "Dependency on Exports in Southeast Asia." Dependency on Exports in Southeast Asia | Asia-Pacific Business and Technology Report. N.p., n.d. Web. "Golden Drachma." Riordan Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. "Guan Qian Ju. Hunan 1906 Banknote Issue." ICollector.com Online Auctions. N.p., n.d. Web. "Neolithic Traders." NEOLITHIC TRADERS. N.p., n.d. Web.

Protecting and Conserving intro Protecting and Conserving is a basic component of any civilization. It is the defenses of any civilization. Sometimes, two countries will go to war. The art of war is a perfect balance between attack and defense. If one does not defend their right, then they will lose. However, if one does not attack, they will never win. Protection is important, because there are people in this world who will try to take what you have, and you cannot allow them to do that. Conserving is also important because we have to save what artifacts we have, and preserve our things as artifacts for the future. At some point in time, our generation will be considered an ancient time. These actions began when the first civilizations were formed. The early people had to find out how they would protect the homes that they built on their own. This is where protecting and conserving all started.

Protecting and Conserving

The first civilizations would use their primitive tools to protect their beloved cities. They used their weapons such as spears, axes, swords, and bow and arrows. They would have men use their weapons whenever danger came. However, as time progressed, early man learned that they also had to have defenders as well. Some people would stay behind with weapons ready. Early man had to make sure that whatever they built was sturdy, so it would not fall. In addition, people started to build walls, which would protect the city far more. This forced trespassers to think of ways to get through or around the walls. This all changed during the iron and bronze ages. Early Man was able to make better tools, which made war far more dangerous. More lives would be lost every battle. Also, it was easier to get through defenses with these advanced weapons. After this, weapons kept advancing, and man started to make nearly all of their tools out of metal. After a long period of time, man eventually started building houses out of common materials such as wood and brick, which lead to common era houses. These houses are stronger than stone, and are harder to destroy, so invaders and natural disasters would have a harder time destroying architecture. Soon after, people discovered gunpowder, which would eventually become a revolution to the entire world, and lead closer to the present day weapons we possess. This is where Man is closer to the present than ever.

Conclusion/ Works Cited In the end, man started making bombs, which were revolutionary. They also made fighter planes, submarines, and tanks. These inventions were made specifically for the purpose of fighting. As for defense, border control was invented, which only lets legal people into countries. This is the evolution of protecting and conserving.

Pictures: Research:

http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-fav orite-cities-2015 https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/166694-smallanimals-see-the-world-in-slow-motion-or-why-your-pup py-is-so-hyperactive http://travelercorner.com/great-wall-china/ http://smuhlberger.blogspot.com/2009/07/memories-of -catal-huyuk.htm http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-ba ja-california/sd-me-wall-bidder-20170816-story.html http://gameideas.wikia.com/wiki/File:Iron_Sword.png http://www.askaprepper.com/how-to-make-gun-powde r-the-old-fashioned-way-in-less-than-30-minutes/ http://pngimg.com/imgs/weapons/bomb/

http://culture-of-peace.info/books/history/p rehistory-war.html https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/feat ures/bloody-stone-age-war-in-the-neolithic. htm http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/evide nce-of-a-prehistoric-massacre-extends-thehistory-of-warfare http://www.ancientfortresses.org/neolithicarchitecture.htm

Early Civilizationsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Government Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt had a theocratic monarchy, which meant that they believed that God was their ruler. However, they also had a king. The first king was Narmer. The kings in the First Intermediate Period barely had any power. The next important people were the viziers. Sometimes there were two; one for Upper Egypt, and one for Lower Egypt. The viziers were in charge of building projects and they managed the bureaucracy of the government. The main things that the viziers were in charge of were agriculture, finance, military, architecture, religious things, and more. They created the police force. Amenemhat I created the first military so that he could bring power back to the kings.

China Ancient China had emperors. The very first emperor was Shi Huangdi. He had a very large tomb built for him guarded by 8,000 life-like warriors. The age of emperors ended in the 1911 CE revolution. The last emperor was Aisin Gioro. The emperors were in charge of everything. They were the highest authority and in charge of the military. The emperors could make laws and taxes, handle punishments, overrule existing laws, and many more. The emperor had to support Confucianism, which most of the government was based on. However, he or she could choose a different religion for themselves. Something else that the emperors were in charge of were the sacrifices.

This is a statue of Shi Huangdi.

Greece Athens had a democracy because they wanted the people to have a voice. The assembly met once a month in a space that could accommodate up to 6,000 people. Any male that was 18 years or older could speak and vote. Mostly, they voted on things based on a show of hands. Only about 3,000 people participated in politics. In Athens, there was also another group called the boulÄ&#x201C;. They decided what would happen based on what was talked about in the assembly. In bad times such as wars, they were able to make decisions without the assembly meeting. A group similar to the boulÄ&#x201C; was the group of elders. The elders were men over 60, specially chosen. Ancient Rome Instead of a king, Ancient Rome had consuls. There were two, and they were chosen by the popular assembly. They served a one year term, but they could be elected to serve again later. The consuls had supreme executive power; they were in charge of everything. The two different consuls were able to veto each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s decisions. Some people that were consuls were Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

Ancient Rome also had a Senate. The Roman Senate had little power, and the people served for life. They advised the consuls and emperors and they were unpaid. They directed the religious part and they controlled the state finances. The amount of people varied with the different rulers. When there were kings, the number of people in the Senate was around 100. Julius Caesar had it at 1,000 and Emperor Augustus had it at 600.

This is a picture of Mark Antony.

Timeline & Modern Day Modern Day America today has a democracy. In our democracy, everyone has a voice. We have a president. The president right now is Donald Trump. The government is divided into three branches to ensure that not one branch has too much power. The three branches are the Judicial branch, the Executive branch, and the Legislative branch. The Judicial branch includes the courts, like the Supreme Court. The Executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, the Vice President, and the Cabinet. The Legislative branch is the lawmaking branch, and it consists of Congress (The Senate and the House of Representatives).

Timeline

Ancient Egypt 3100 B.C.

Ancient China 4500 B.C.

Ancient Greece 800 B.C.

Ancient Rome 753 B.C.

Citations

Works Cited

“Ancient China.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/china/. “Branches of Government.” Branches of Government | USAGov, www.usa.gov/branches-of-government. “Chinese Emperor.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Chinese_Emperor/. History.com Staff. “Ancient Egypt.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt. History.com Staff. “Ancient Greece.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010, www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece. History.com Staff. “Ancient Rome.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome. Karpiel, Frank, et al. MyWorld History. Pearson, 2012. “Mesopotamia.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/. “Narmer.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Narmer/. “Phoenician Government.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Phoenician_Government/. “Roman Government.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Roman_Government/. “Theocracy.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/theocratic?s=t. Pictures “Ancient Egypt.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt. Badian, E., and Michael Grant. “Mark Antony.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 9 Mar. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir. Byzantium1200. “Babylon.” YouTube, YouTube, 16 Dec. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1Hbht4iNQg. “Colosseum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum. “Shi Huangdi.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/image/988/.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Area Art: The art in this area was not as complex as we see today. It was usually in the walls of their homes. Art was used in many ways but it was most commonly for communication. They did have a complex language but art was a big way off communicating. They used to tell stories and to honor the animals they had previously killed. Jewelry: The jewelry in this area was very simple and it wasn't very pretty. The jewellery in the early ages were bones,rocks, and shells. Jewelry was usually used in burial practices. Early man had a strong belief in the afterlife, so they made sure to cover the person who had just passed in jewelry as a gift to the gods.

Egyptian Art

In ancient Egypt,art was used art in their burial practices. Royal and elite statuary served as intermediaries between the people and the gods. Family chapels with the statuary of a deceased forefather could serve as a sort of family temple.There were festivals in honor of the dead, where the family would come and eat in the chapel, offering food for the Afterlife, flower, and a scent of which was considered divine. Preserved letters let us know that the deceased was actively petitioned for their assistance, both in this world and the next. In the earliest times, the Egyptians buried their dead directly in the ground. Since Egypt's climate was, a very arid environment, a body may have been very well preserved if it was buried in a particularly sandy or dry spot Eventually the rich kings or rich individuals got very tired of this simple way to bury someone and they wanted something better.This is when mummification came in. Early mummification yielded mummies that were simply a body, possible dried in the sun or with natron salt, wrapped in linen. These wrappings were sometimes covered in plaster that had been molded to look like the person. Around the 4th dynasty, or about the time of the pyramids, embalmers began to remove the internal organs. It took many years of trial and error before the process reached its quality peak in the New Kingdom. Mummification was so expensive that only the pharaoh, royal family, and very wealthy individuals could afford to be preserved in this. The high class off Egypt wanted to make sure that they would have a beautiful place to be buried when they died. This is when art and jewelry came in.The king's son wanted pyramids to be be buried in and the pyramids were full of expensive jewelry that they would need in the afterlife. Also it was filled with art and on the mummies tombstone a painting off how they looked like was painted. The egyptians also used art as a way to communicate. They did not use captions they communicated by their pictures in the early age.

Greek art The greeks had a very strong belief in the gods and honored them a lot. The contributed many pieces of architecture to the gods.After about 600 B.C., the Greeks began building temples to honor their gods. Greek temples were built in three different styles, or orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Each of these styles is best identified by the distinctive design of its columns and capitals. For example, Parthenon, a temple in honor of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s patron goddess Athena. The architects Iktinos and Kallikrates and the sculptor Pheidias began work on the temple in the middle of the 5th century B.C. The Parthenon was built on top of the Acropolis, a natural pedestal made of rock that was the site of the earliest .It is considered the greatest example of the Doric order. Larger than the standard temple, it measures 228 feet long and 1011/2 feet wide. It has eight columns across the front and back, and 17 down each side. The Parthenon was built entirely of marble. It was decorated with magnificent sculptures portraying various battles, a procession of Athenians honoring the Greek goddess Athena, and scenes from Athena's life. Although now a ruin, the Parthenon still stands today, dominating Athens' Acropolis which is the highest point of the city.

Modern Day Ancient art has helped the modern art come to life. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world we have a lot of different types of art that is very different from the neolithic, egyptian, and greek art. For Example in today's world we have an art called graffiti, graffiti is usually on the walls and is done with spray paint. There is also simple art which is usually just one color and is just a shape. Another type of art is the weird and crazy art. This art usually shows people in it and has very different colors and patterns. Although we have new types of art in the modern world be still admire the ancient art.

Conclusion/Citations Pictures "Free Image on Pixabay - Sea, Shell, Clam, Ocean, Sea Shells." Free Photo: Sea, Shell, Clam, Ocean, Sea Shells - Free Image on Pixabay - 1162744. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2017. "Twyfelfontein." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2017. Web. 02 Nov. 2017. Ancient Egyptian Painting Facts for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. torylink101.com/n/egypt_1/pic_wall_paintings_1.htm "Parthenon." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Oct. 2017. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "Birth of Athena." ATHENA:Goddess Of Wisdom And War. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "In Our Time: The Museum of Modern Art." Great Museums. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "Contemporary Art Daily." Peter Halley at Modern Art (Contemporary Art Daily). N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "Graffiti Creator." Graffiti Creator. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. Driessche, Demi Van. "GD 5 L Griekenland." Pinterest. N.p., 06 Oct. 2016. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. Ancient Egyptian Art, Painting, Sculpture - Crystalinks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. Prehistoric Art & Ancient Art - The Art History Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. Websites http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greek-art "Ancient Greek Art and Architecture." Ancient Greek Art and Architecture | Scholastic ART | Scholastic.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "Birth of Athena." ATHENA:Goddess Of Wisdom And War. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017. "Egyptian Art." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2017.

Key Terms

Aesthetics

● ● ●

Prehistoric Paleolithic & Neolithic Architecture & art

Prehistoric Impact and Architecture Art and architecture impacted ancient society in many ways. It introduced them to new forms of communicating, and it let them have a more complex form of culture. Art allowed them to express themselves and architecture allowed them to build things that they thought was possible building. During the Paleolithic era the architecture was very simple. The early people lived mostly in stone caves, because it had easy access and was very safe. They also built little huts out of wood, stones, and plants. At that time, they didn’t make permanent huts because they were nomads. In the Neolithic era the architecture was more complex and they began building permanent dwellings. Most of the early cities were located near rivers, because it had fertile soil and a constant supply of water. The houses were mainly made out of mud bricks, it was an easy way to build permanent homes and buildings.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Art Paleolithic and Neolithic art were similar in many ways, but also different. Paleolithic art consisted mainly of cave paintings and small decorated stone objects. Neolithic art still had cave paintings, but they began to build statues. Some statues were humongous while others were tiny, and instead of only cave paintings they began doing wall paintings throughout the city.

This picture is a drawing of how a Paleolithic dwelling looked liked.

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia had a lot of art. The Mesopotamian people were the first to make painted pottery vessels, before that all the pottery's were dull and grey. Mesopotamia was located in Iraq, in the Northern part of Iraq the pottery vessels had geometric paintings on them. Most of the times the pottery vessels had one or more colors. Another kind of art made in Mesopotamia were human figures made out of stone or clay. The figures were linked to religious cults, which are unknown.

Art Materials in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era The Paleolithic people had limited materials, because they used what they could find. Most of the times they used black charcoal to paint the caves, and they also used natural hematite to make the red paint. To store all the paint, abalone shells were used. It kept the paint safe from falling on the floor, but it didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t keep it safe from drying. During the Neolithic era the people started using more advanced tools. To build houses they began using mud bricks, wood, and stone to make it more durable. Some materials used to make sculptures were animal bones and hard clay.

Egyptian Art and Architecture Egyptian art always had a spiritual value with it. A typical art made in that time was tomb paintings, they respected the deceased. They decorated the tomb like the deceased's life so the spirits could remember him/her. The Egyptian people made decorated ceramics to hold water, food, and to store a few things. The most famous Egyptian piece, architecture and art, is the Great Sphinx of Giza. It is a big lion shaped pyramid, but instead of a normal lion head it has the head of a god. Another famous detail in Egypt are all the huge pyramids.

Greek Art and Architecture Art and architecture at that time was very different from the art and architecture nowadays. At that time, most of the art were statues of gods/goddesses. And the architecture was mostly in honor of the gods/goddesses. An example of a famous temple built for Athena, was the Parthenon. The Parthenon was built in Acropolis, a big rock pedestal. Acropolis was the first establishment in Athens. The two architects, Kallikrates and Iktinos, began working on it in the 5th century BCE. At that time, all of the temples had columns to support the ceiling.

Art and Architecture Nowadays

Art in the 21st century is way more advanced than art in the prehistoric time. Throughout the years art has gained different names, in the 21st century it is called Contemporary art. Some popular kinds of art are: Pop art, digital paintings, and collages. An extremely famous artist in the 21st century is Romero Britto, he is a Brazilian Pop art artist. He is famous for his strange colorful figures. Another form of art that is popular nowadays is music, singers started putting their feelings out in songs and it quickly became famous. A very famous singer that is really popular nowadays is Beyonce. She has many pop songs and people seem to love it. Nowadays the architecture is more advanced, capable of surviving natural disasters, and safer. Most of the houses or buildings built nowadays are modern ones. The buildings and houses got bigger in size soon there were skyscrapers and many mansions. In some locations, like Miami, the houses have to be built a certain way to prevent damage from natural disasters. In Miami the houses need to have hurricane proof windows and be elevated from the ground a few inches, that helps it be protected in case of flooding. One of the many outstanding buildings and facilities is the Harpa Concert Hall. This is an image of the Great Sphinx It is surrounded by water, it was built during the of Giza in Egypt. Great Depression. Another amazing building is the Burj Khalifa, it is the tallest skyscraper in the It might inspire people, or encourage them world. to make a difference. Architecture also impacts Impact Nowadays the society, first of all it is basically everything related to buildings/facilities/houses. It The impact of art in the society is that it encourages architects to try new things when enriches everyone, and it grows their knowledge sketching the blue print. of simple objects around them.

Timeline

Paleolithic art 2.5 million years ago

Neolithic art 10,000 BCE 4,500 BCE

Mesopotamian art 5,000 BCE 3,500 BCE

Egyptian art 3,100 BCE 2,686 BCE

Greek art Modern art 800 BCE - 2000 - …. 500 BCE

Images Works Cited “Cave Painting in the Altamira Cave.” The Meaning of European Upper Paleolithic Rock Art, www.ancient.eu/article/787/the-meaning-of-european-upper-paleolithic-rock-art/. “Ceramic Pot from the Egyptian Time.” History, Trade, and Art, historytradeart.blogspot.com/2010/05/neolithic-art-and-agriculture.html. “City Walls.” Mesopotamia Public Works, Weebly, mesopotamiaancient.weebly.com/mesopotamian-public-works-examples.html. Gondek, Renee M. “Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, Laocoön and His Sons.” Introduction to Ancient Greek Art, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/introduction-anc ient-greek-art. Mariane Barbosa. weheartit.com/entry/55036375. “Prehistoric Homes.” Prehistoric Homes - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/earlyshelters.html. Tomb from Ancient Egypt. kids.britannica.com/kids/assembly/view/89372. “Wood/Stone Figure.” Daily Life of Mesopotamian Commoners, www.historyonthenet.com/daily-life-of-mesopotamian-commoners/.

Research Works Cited “Ancient Egyptian Art.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/Egyptian_Art/. Andrew Bayuk. “Guardian's Sphinx.” Guardian's Sphinx, www.guardians.net/egypt/sphinx/. “Art in the 21st Century.” Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/global-culture/beginners-guide-contemporary-art1/a/art-in-the-21st-cent ury. Esaak, Shelley. “Art History 101: Neolithic Art.” ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/neolithic-art-history-183413. Esaak, Shelley. “What Art Was Like During the Paleolithic Age.” ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-paleolithic-art-182389. History.com Staff. “Ancient Greek Art.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010, www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greek-art. “The Importance of Art in Daily Life.” Fine Art Photography, 19 Oct. 2017, www.montenagler.com/the-importance-of-art-in-daily-life/. Lloyd, Seton H.F. “Mesopotamian Art and Architecture.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 11 Sept. 2017, www.britannica.com/art/Mesopotamian-art. Neolithic Architecture, www.ancientfortresses.org/neolithic-architecture.htm. Phillips, Henry. “The 21 Greatest Buildings of the 21st Century.” Gear Patrol, Gear Patrol, 3 Dec. 2015, gearpatrol.com/2013/11/14/twenty-one-coolest-buildings-twenty-first-century/. “Romero Britto: Biografia e Obras.” Toda Matéria, www.todamateria.com.br/romero-britto/. Royal society of chemistry. “Prehistoric Pigments.” pp. 1–10. Study.com, Study.com, study.com/academy/lesson/art-in-the-neolithic-era-innovations-characteristics-examples.html. surabhi527

Follow. “Paleolithic Architecture.”

LinkedIn SlideShare, 2 Jan. 2014, www.slideshare.net/surabhi527/paleolithic-architecture.

Early Education Education is the result produced direction, training or study.

The Start of Education Education began during the Neolithic Era when people began to have more free time. Since they now had permanent homes, girls were taught housekeeping and cooking and boys were usually taught their father’s trade. Writing developed during the Neolithic Era. This led to a big change in the way people lived since they were being taught how to read and write. At this time, the only people who were educated where those in the high classes of people.

Changes In Lifestyle Education brought many changes to the way people lived. During the Neolithic Era, a person’s class status determined a lot about their life. Since only the higher classes received an education, knowing how to read and write was a sign of wealth. Education allowed people to get good jobs since reading and writing is a very important skill to have, and because at the beginning of education not many people had that skill it made those who did valuable. Education was also the mark of an advanced civilization and it also helped the evolution of human intelligence.

Who? What? Why? When the idea of education was first formed the only people who received an education were those in high social classes. This meant priests, rulers, and others of extreme weath. These were the people whose jobs made it important for them to

know how to read and write. For example, as writing developed priests and rulers began writing down laws, prayers, and stories. For them to do this, it was necessary to be educated in writing. Nowadays, people receive an education so they can go to college, get a job, and live good lives. In primitive times education was only meant to serve its original purpose of teaching people how to read, write, and speak complex language. The “teachers” or people who educated others were usually other priests or wealthy people with the patience to teach. As education grew even more wealthy people began to get private tutors to come to their homes and educate their children. Early “schools” were mostly in temples or other public spaces.

How and What They Learned Education served many purposes. It’s main purpose was to teach people how to read and write. Education also included teaching people laws, that said what they can and cannot do as well as teaching people religion. In Mesopotamia education also included the teaching of mathematics. As education evolved it began to narrow down into many more subjects depending on what you wanted your job to be. To learn reading and writing people used writing tablets like the one pictured on the next page. These tablets were used for the teaching of writing because it allowed people to practice drawing the different symbols that made up their language. Once there was writing on these tablets, others could practice reading.

writing tablet from the early civilization Sumer

Education Around the World In ancient Egypt, kids were the ones who received an education. Only the children of wealthy families were allowed to go to school. The children of middle or low class families were not educated and instead were taught their family trade. Education in Ancient Greece and Rome was fairly similar. though there were “schools” where people went to get an education it was also common for people to hire private tutors to come to their homes and educate their children. Kids were taught reading, writing, obedience, and some mathematics.

Timeline 3200 BC - People began to write down numbers to keep track of farming. Eventually, people began to write down other things such as laws, prayers, etc. This led to the development of education 10000 BC - Early education was formed, as people began to teach others how to read and write. 15000 BC - The first school was formed in Mesopotamia. 30000 BC - Education began to center around children since they were the ones who would grow up to take charge of the civilizations

3000 BC - In some places such as Ancient Greece and Rome mathematics was one of the main curriculums students studied in school 859 AD - The first college in the world, The University of Karueein was founded in Fez, Morocco 1636 - The first college in the United States, Harvard University was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1980’s - As technology is advancing, it is common for computers to be used as educational tools in schools. 2000’s - As technology advances even more, technology becomes a main resource for education and schools begin using electronic devices as major teaching tools

Current Education Education was and still is one of the core foundations of a civilization. Without it, people would have a hard time communicating with one another and learning to coexist. As education evolved it became more concentrated on young children, since nowadays children are usually the ones who go to school. This is because the information that kids learn in school will benefit them for the rest of their lives. Now education does not only serve the purpose of teaching reading and writing but also, history, science, mathematics, and other extracurricular actives such as music, art, dance, and other sports.

Works Cited The History of Education. Web. Gray, Peter. "A Brief History of Education." Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, 20 Aug. 2008. Web. Fied.education. "Foundations of Education." EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES. 01 Jan. 1970. Web. Marketing, Ethical. "Better Living Through Beer." Pinterest. N.p., 13 Nov. 2013. Web.

Communication Communication was a very important aspect in civilizations. Early humans needed a way to communicate and express their emotions. At first, they only made grunts and movements to tell other people what they felt. About 100,000 years ago, when Homo Sapiens first appeared, they were the first humans that had a spoken language. Neanderthals coexisted at some point in time with them. Neanderthals had a lower voice box which restrained them to talk, for communication they grunted.

Homo Sapien skull (left), Neanderthal skull (right).

Form of Writing:

The sumerian priests used cuneiform to keep track of their stored goods. At first they drew pictographs on clay, and over time this evolved to the first form of writing. The first form of writing evolved in a civilization called Sumer. The sumerian form of writing was Cuneiform. Cuneiform is a system of writing that uses triangular-shaped symbols to stand for ideas and things.

Lucy is one of oldest human ever found. She used grunts and hand motions to communicate with others.

A complex civilization encouraged the development of a sophisticated form of writing. Cuneiform became harder to keep track of because not all sumerians knew how to write the symbols.

Timeline 3,300 BC

Hieroglyphs, characters in any system of writing in which symbols represent objects. Then letters would represent objects. Mainly only used by royalty and priests.

3,500 BCE

First form of writing: Cuneiform, created by the sumerians. As civilizations started to grow, Cuneiform was getting hard to keep track of. Only the priests and the scribes knew how to properly use cuneiform.

15th century BC

The Phoenician alphabetic script was borrowed to write well before the first millennium BC. Taautos who was the father of tautology or imitation, invented the first written characters two thousand years BC or earlier. Taautos came from Byblos, Phoenicia, that shows a continuous cultural tradition

Today (2017) Today's communication has evolved a tremendous amount. Writing letters is hardly ever used. Almost everyone now communicates through whats app or messages. Social Medias were also developed to promote different companies around the world. Because of communication everyone is aware of what is happening around the world.

Modern timeline, Newspapers, & TV 2400 BC- postal systems 59 BC: Newspapers 105 AD: paper was created in china by Ts'ai Lun 1000 AD: pens 1400 AD: first printing press 1800’s: Morse Code and the Telegraph/ letters 1848: Telephone 1896: Radio 1927: Television Philo Taylor Farnsworth 1946: ENIAC computer 1947: video games 1948: long playing records 1956: conference calling 1960’s: text editor 1971: email 1980’s: cell phones 1983: internet 1997: blogs/ social networks 1998: webinars 2001: smart phones 2004: podcasts 2007: cloud computing Electronic television was first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco on Sept. 7, 1927. Programs started to inform society about what was going on around the world. Today TV is mainly used for entertainment.This was the next form of communication.

In America, the first newspaper appeared in Boston in 1690, entitled Publick Occurrences. It took a little while for the people to get used to it, newspaper then became the latest talk. There would be a daily newspaper where the people would buy to read the news for around the world. This was a way of communicating. America could now know what was happening in places like China.

Website Cited: www.google.com/search?q=definition+fo+communication&oq=definition+fo+communication& aqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.6988j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

Phoenician Alphabet, phoenicia.org/alphabet.html. “A Brief History of Newspapers.” Newspaper History, www.historicpages.com/nprhist.htm. “The Cuneiform Writing System in Ancient Mesopotamia: Emergence and Evolution | EDSITEment.”

EDSITEment! The Best of the Humanities on the Web, edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/cuneiform-writing-system-ancient-mesopotamia-emergence-a nd-evolution. “The History of Communication Technology -.” Conference Calls Unlimited - Easy, Reliable, Affordable, www.conferencecallsunlimited.com/history-of-communication-technology/. “History of Communication from Cave Drawings to the Web.” Creative Displays Now, www.creativedisplaysnow.com/articles/history-of-communication-from-cave-drawings-to-the-w eb/. “History of Paper.” Paper Online - History of Paper, www.paperonline.org/history-of-paper. Karpiel, Frank, et al. MyWorld History. Pearson, 2012. webmaster-. Egypt Ancient, Hieroglyphics, history-world.org/hieroglyphics.htm. Pictures Cited:

Phoenician Alphabet, phoenicia.org/alphabet.html. “The Cuneiform Writing System in Ancient Mesopotamia: Emergence and Evolution | EDSITEment.”

EDSITEment! The Best of the Humanities on the Web, edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/cuneiform-writing-system-ancient-mesopotamia-emergence-a nd-evolution. “A Brief History of Newspapers.” Newspaper History, www.historicpages.com/nprhist.htm.

Articulated "Lucy" Skeleton - Bone Clones, Inc. - Osteological Reproductions, boneclones.com/product/articulated-lucy-skeleton-SC-036-A.

Religion The Beginning Religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman who has power, normally a personal god or gods. For early man, religion was very important. It decided where you were in social classes, how important you were to the community and also brought respect. Religion first began in 2000 BC, and evolved because people did not know why where or how people were created. Many people still think today that Hinduism, a polytheistic religion was the first religion.

Polytheism Believed to be the first religion, Polytheism in one of the two main different types of Religions. People who are Polytheistic belief that there are more than one god. This was believed by ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt and was also spread to ancient Asia, Africa, Europe, and Native American cultures. In the beginning of polytheism, the two main people who had a system where the Greeks and the Egyptians. The Greeks were later conquered by the Romans who took and

used many of their ideas. The Romans constantly did this with the civilizations they would conquer. Modern day Polytheism, dominates mosts religions besides the obvious Islam, Christianity and Judaism. It is most popular in the East but is also becoming popular in Western Civilization because of immigrants.

Monotheism Monotheism focuses on the belief that here is only one god. The beginning of Monotheism, is argued by many people. One of the top three that are most common are, Zoroastrianism, created from the stories/words of a Persian prophet named Zarathushtra. Others have said and argued that Monotheism first began in Egypt, and many Jews say that their religion was the first to be Monotheistic and all other Monotheistic religion came from Judaism. Modern day Monotheism is very different than ancient. Monotheism for modern days is mainly created by three religions Judaism,Christianity, and Islam. It is also the most popular type of religion in the entire world.

Now in Days Religionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Order of Popularity 1. Christianity 2. Islam 3. Cathlothism 4. Hinduism 5. Agnosticism

1 3 5

Abraham (2000 BCE)

Kind David (975 BCE)

Birth Of Muhammad (570 BCE)

Romans conquer Greece

Jesus is born (6 BCE)

Jesus dies (4 BCE)

AD Begins

Now

Citations Information “Core Beliefs of Hindus.” Dummies, www.dummies.com/religion/hinduism/core-beliefs-of-hindus/. “Polytheism.” Polytheism, www.polytheism.net/. web.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Monotheism. www.religionfacts.com/islam/timeline+https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/questions/when-was-jesus-b orn/. “When Was Jesus Born? | Bible Questions.” JW.ORG, www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/questions/when-was-jesus-born/. Grigonis, Richard. “Images of the 12 Most Popular World Religions and Sects.” Newsmax, Newsmax Inc. Newsmax Inc., 1 May 2014, www.newsmax.com/TheWire/most-popular-religions-sects-images/2014/05/01/id/569022/.

Pictures Rashmi. “Palm Leaf Painting - Ancient and Creative Folk Art of Orissa.” Manish Jha, 6 Jan. 2017, manishjha.net/2015/02/16/palm-leaf-painting-talapatrachitras-ancient-and-creative-folk-art-of-odisha/. “Rosa Rubicondior.” All Arguments For God Refute God, rosarubicondior.blogspot.com/2012/10/all-arguments-for-god-refute-god.html. Tiwari, Arundhati, et al. “Top 10 Facts about Hanukkah : The Festival of Lights.” Express Magazine, 24 Dec. 2016, expresszine.com/top-10-facts-about-hanukkah/. Christmas at Liberty 2014, Schroeder, Jessa. “California Man Thanks Virgin Mary for $1.2M Lottery Jackpot.” NY Daily News, NEW YORK DAILY NEWS, 8 Sept. 2016, www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/california-man-thanks-virgin-mary-1-2m-lottery-jackpot-article-1.27 83587. www.bing.com/cr?IG=2AEB019FA4CF40EDA7A634FDAEC5885A&CID=2C288019E4476D8B220B8B2 BE5416C0D&rd=1&h=mgoGsYX0xieQr9d5nOFJGQQzRylymFB8osYz--YYYBI&v=1&r=https%3a%2f%2f www.quora.com%2fWhat-is-Hinduism-Is-it-a-culture-a-religion-or-collection-of-myths&p=DevEx,5068.1.

Tools Tools - a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function. The First Tools Uses The first tools were used to help early man survive. Because of tools they were able to survive through the ice age. Tools were used to fight against predators. They were also used to get their main food source, meat. What were the first tools? The first tools were used for hunting and fighting animals. They were simple tools made from materials like rocks and stones. They later sharpened them so that they would be more effective. As early man evolved, they started to become more advanced like spears and swords.

Why tools were created The reason that early man made tools was because it was going to help them survive. It started out because they needed to fight animals in some way in order to survive. The tool could be as simple as a rock. They could throw them at the predator so that it would go away. Another reason was to get food. Their main food source was meat. Because of this, they had to hunt in order to get it.

How did tools help early man survive? Tools helped early man survive because of the purpose that it served. Tools were their way of protecting themselves from forces that wanted to kill them. It was their only way of protection. It also helped them get their food. Tools were used to kill animals so that they had a meal. They did not have the comforts we have now, including the food. They had to get it themselves and cook everything. Everything was DIY. Tools were not just spears and swords though. Tools are everything that makes your life easier. This also included the needle and every technology that they made in order for to survive. The needle helped them survive throughout the ice age because they needed clothes to stay warm.

Tools change from Neolithic and Paleolithic Era In the Paleolithic Era, humans used tools that were made out of stone and bones found on the ground. The materials werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really hard or very good for that matter. The tools that were made were made to help them survive. They were used for protection and getting food. In the Neolithic Era, the uses and materials were very different. Now not everything was about surviving but also having a better, more comfortable lifestyle. The big change was that instead of hunter-gatherers they were now farmers. Their tools were now focused on this and not just protection and killing animals. They were still using it to get food but it was not as urgent as it was before. This is a more of a comfortable lifestyle, even though their goal was still to survive.

The Bronze and Iron Age The difference between both of these was the materials that they were made out of and how it affected society. In the bronze age, the tools that were created were developing from stone to bronze which was a big change. They started to make spearheads, swords, shields, daggers, axes, and tools for farming. A farming tool that was a changing point for farming was the sickle, which is still used today. It is a hand-held agricultural tool designed with variously curved blades and is used for harvesting or reaping, grain crops. In the iron age, a lot of the bronze tools were replaced with iron, which is a much stronger material. This change really helped the military become stronger but the biggest change was the invention of the iron coins. This is when currency started to come into place. The tools made in the iron age mostly benefited the military and what eventually became currency. Farming was more in the bronze age when we started to develop stronger tools.

How tools lead to Civilizations The earliest civilization developed in the Neolithic Era was when the rise of agriculture allowed people to have surplus food. The reason that they did have the surplus of food was that of farming. This could not be possible without tools. In farming, you have to have specific things like a shovel etc. The tools helped the farmers get this job done efficiently in order for them to have food and eventually a surplus of it. Eventually, the small towns or villages, that were made because of the surplus food, turned into civilizations. This could not happen without tools helping the farmers along the way.

How did tools change how we live today? Tools change the way we live today because they make our lives easier. With tools, we make all of our buildings, food, clothes etc. Everything we own exists because of tools. Without tools, we wouldn’t be able to get food like meat or fish. We wouldn’t be able to protect ourselves. Tools are necessary no matter what time of history you live in. That is why tools are predicted to have existed just as long as humans, they need them to survive.

What impact did the tools have on society? Tools help people do things in an easier way so that they don’t have to do everything by hand. We use tools today every single day without realizing it because of how much we have been using these tools. Each tool has a special purpose that should make life easier. Instead of spending hours digging things with your hand you could use a shovel, which would make the process a lot faster. It made our life easier. How are tools different from when they were first made? Tools are different from when they started comparing to the ones we have today. The tools now are stronger and in many ways better than they were before. People would see the specs and what we needed to add to the tools. Eventually, with time, we started to find out what happened and started to change the problems. The main goal of the tools stay the same for the most part but they are stronger tools than they were before.

Tools Timeline Neolithic Era

First tools (Bones and Rocks) Paleolithic Era

Bronze and Iron Age

Sharpened; moreTools out of harder materials; more for farming advanced tools Bronze Age Mesolithic Era

Ice Age Needles and more developed tools

Paleolithic Era

Iron Age Neolithic Era Farming tools Tools more for fighting were developed

Ice Age

Works Cited Research Early Human Evolution: Early Human Culture, www2.palomar.edu/anthro/homo/homo_4.htm. Bonsignore, Desmond. “Neolithic Era: Technology Advances and Beginnings of Agriculture.” StMU History Media, 21 Oct. 2016, www.stmuhistorymedia.org/neolithic-era-technology-advances-and-beginnings-of-agriculture/. Karpiel, Frank, et al. MyWorld History. Pearson, 2012. Kaushik, Nimisha. “Difference Between.” Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects, 18 Apr. 2011, www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-between-paleolithic-and-neolithic/. Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Tools &amp; Food | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program, 1 Mar. 2010, humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/tools-food. Society, National Geographic. “Civilization.” National Geographic Society, 9 Oct. 2012, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/civilization/. Stout, Dietrich. “Stone Toolmaking and the Evolution of Human Culture and Cognition.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, 12 Apr. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049103/.

Pictures Work Cited Reconstruction Painting Showing an Early Neanderthal Man., www.peoplescollection.wales/items/11777. Fortresses and Defensive Walls - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/Fortress.html. Cuneiform Tablets - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/cuneiformtablets.html. Religion in Ancient Rome - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/romereligion.html. Julius Caesar - Crystalinks, www.crystalinks.com/juliuscaesar.html. GlobeTech - Iron Age, 1216.virtualclassroom.org/technology/iron_age.html. “7 Most Advanced Ancient Civilizations in the World.” Travel Blog Tripbase RSS, blog.tripbase.com/7-most-advanced-ancient-civilizations-in-the-world/. “Advantages of Building Your New Home.” Cornell Gold Coast Adventure, cornellgoldcoast.com/interesting-stuff/advantages-of-building-your-new-home/. AmazingClips100. “ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS : Ancient Rome and Romans in Africa.” YouTube, YouTube, 4 May 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ3EHor-Npg. “Annexes.” The Potential for Improving Production Tools and Implements Used by Women Farmers in Africa, www.fao.org/docrep/w8794e/w8794e02.htm. “Copy Of 1.1 The Paleolithic Era - Lessons - Tes Teach.” Tes Teach with Blendspace, www.tes.com/lessons/ODAiOhIxcGCbUg/copy-of-1-1-the-paleolithic-era. Dailymail.com, Mark Prigg For. “The First Production Line: Experts Find 45,000 Year Old Stone Tools Showing Earliest Division of Labour in Humans.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 12 June 2015, www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3121940/The-production-line-Experts-45-000-ye ar-old-stone-tools-showing-earliest-division-labour-humans.html. “Die Besten 25 Stone Age Animals Ideen Auf Pinterest | Steinzeitkunst, Steinzeit Höhlenmalerei Und Höhlenmalerei.” Pinterest, www.pinterest.de/explore/stone-age-animals/. “White Pegboard Kit Wall Storage - Workbench Organizer Peg Board Shop Hand Tools.” EBay, m.ebay.com/itm/271272320001?nav=SEARCH. biointeractive. “Stone Tool Technology of Our Human Ancestors - HHMI BioInteractive Video.” YouTube, YouTube, 27 Mar. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=L87Wdt044b0.

Early Manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tools

Early man had a variety of tools and weapons they could be a simple a stick or sharp rock or as complex as a bow and arrow. Early man ingenuity helped them create tools for hunting farming cooking playing or decorating their home. Tools have improved a lot over time Hunting Tools Early man used many hunting tools these tools helped them become more successful of each hunt. Some of these tools included sharp rock, bow and arrows, Clubs, and Spears were part of their arsenal. These tools continuous evolved from a simple stone to become more complex and to this day tools continually become better. Humans now do not need to hunt for their food because we created factory farming. Farming tools Farming tools were invented after hunting tools. Farming tools are tools that aid the farmer in the process of planting plants. One example of this is early man's first hoeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s these tools made it easier to farm and make the job much quicker. Farming tools played a huge part in the growth of civilization it leads people to farm more which in turn made more people come to the city. Farming nowadays is with massive farming machines that plant, water, and harvest the plants.

Tools and Society Evolution of tools Tool making had a massive effect on society. It allowed society to create new things and progress quicker. Tools were a big part of the evolution of farming and hunting. Tools were beginning to be made in the paleolithic era and they continued to improve. Earliest tools was a rock but through time they became sharp rocks and spear and they continued to become modern-day tools like guns and robots. How did this affect Societies? This affected civilization because it allowed for people to do things with less force. This also lead to civilizations to create massive armies and raid people's land with force. Tool making was a respected job in Early civilization it was a hard and time-consuming process to melt the metal hammer it into the right shape and then cool the metal. The tools maker were in the same class as worriers. The Civilization that used iron tools in the iron age were the Hittites. The Hittites kept the secret of smelting iron. They were successful for many years but when they were concerned by the Assyrians the secret got out.

Conclusions In conclusion tools greatly affected humanity and society in a way that would change the course of humanity for the better. It made us better inquirers and thinkers and it has allowed us to do so many thing that before was thought to be impossible and unlikely. Modern man has a lot to thank our ancestors and one of those things are tools.

Citations Richards, M P. “A Brief Review of the Archaeological Evidence for Palaeolithic and Neolithic Subsistence.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 56, no. 12, 2002, pp. 1270–1278., doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601646. Gale. “Neolithic.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, The Neolithic Transition, history-world.org/neolithic1.htm. “Iron Age.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age.b “Tool.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Oct. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool.

Early Manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tools