10 Trường THPT chuyên Phan Ngọc Hiển – Cà Mau

unchanged. 1. My new job is much more satisfying than any job I’ve ever had. → My new job is far ……………………………………………. I’ve ever had. 2. If Tom hadn’t acted promptly to extinguish the fire, there might have been more damage to the house. → But……………………………………the fire out, there might have been more damage to the house. 3. A child of his age is too young to be deceitful. → So……………………………………………………………………deceitful. 4. I’ve become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks. (FINE) → I’ve got…………………………………………….over the last few weeks. 5. I feel that to brand her ideas unworkable at this stage would be wrong. (WRITE ) → I don’t think …………………………………………….at this stage. 6. It’s crucial for us to control the juvenile inmates in a very strict way. (KEEP) → It’s crucial for us ……………………………………………. inmates. 7. You’ve done nothing but look miserable all day. (AROUND) → You’ve done…………………………………………….all day. 8. We don’t expect that the tourists in that accident have survived. (HOLD) → We don’t …………………………………………….in that accident. 9. Your story is different from the facts. (DOES) → Your story …………………………………………….the facts. 10. His excuse for such bad behavior has little effect on her. (NO) → His excuse …………………………………………….her.

187

LỚP 11 ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC

A. multiple choice (40 PTS) I. GRAMM AR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 1. - Jack: Did you know Jim’s car broke down on the highway late at night? - Jane: Unfortunately, that’s a situation anyone…………..

A. might have to confront with B. might be confronted with

C. might be confronted D. might have been confronted 2………….., I haven’t seen Catherine all day.

A. Come to think of it B. To come to think of it

C. Coming to think it D. Coming to think of it 3. ………….. earning a great deal of money as a painter, Ivan Aivazovsky opened an art school and gallery in his hometown of Feodosiya.

A. Rather B. Since C. Upon D. Until 4. In your place, I…………..to others for help. There’s no way of getting the project finished yourself.

A. would have turned B. must have turned C. will turn D. would turn 5. …………..chair the meeting.

A. John was decided to

B. It was decided that John should

C. There was decided that John should

D. John had been decided to 6. We all wished to be treated…………...

A. as equals B. as equally C. as equals D. equals 7. The great French novelist Honore de Balzac would make ………….. revision when he was proofreading his work that …………..was left of the original text in the end.

A. too many / not enough B. such a lot of / a few

C. plenty of / not many D. so much / little 8. She …………..fainted when she heard that her son had died.

A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near 9. I'll be kind to her…………..she decide to leave me.

A. in case B. whereas C. so as not D. lest 10. Jasmine’s parents died when she was just a baby, so I…………..family she ever had.

A. was all the B. was the whole C. have the whole D. have all the

II. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) 11. He’s a tough politician - he knows how to …………..the storm.

A. run down B. keep up C. push back D. ride out 12. Don’t take…………..your bad friends any more or you’ll regret it.

A. up with B. in for C. down at D. for 13. He was unaware that he was being…………..with out-of-date stock.

A. faded away B. clamped down C. petered out D. fobbed off 14. I was so tired that I just…………..in the armchair.

A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over 15. I thought she was being serious, but she was only having me…………..

A. up B. on C. over D. round 16. Peter: How old do you think Perkins is? Patrick: Oh, he must be getting…………..eighty, I’d say.

A. away with B. about at C. down to D. on for 17. Nobody from the President down should imagine they are …………..the law.

A. beyond B. over C. within D. above 18. At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon the novelty…………..

A. went off B. died out C. died down D. wore off 19. When attacked by his opponents, the general…………..with a strong justification for his policy.

A. hit back B. struck up C. leapt up D. pushed forward 20. The free tickets for the band’s concert were…………..within seconds by the enthusiasts flocking at the hall door.

A. run up B. broken up C. drawn up D. snapped up

III. VOCABULARY (10 PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 21. I found the information for the project in the encyclopedia but I couldn't give…………..and verse on it.

A. chapter B. unit C. poem D. extract 22. During the riots, hundreds of people broke into the city’s main department store and…………..it. There was almost nothing left after the night had finished.

A. mugged B. looted C. conned D. stole 23. When his manager went on a business trip, Smith stepped into the…………..and chaired the meeting.

A. hole B. pool C. breach D. crack 24. The country has few natural resources and its economy has been………….. for some time now.

A. diseased B. unwell C. sickening D. ailing 25. Every time the government meets their demands, the union leaders shift the…………..

A. goalposts B. lamp-posts C. bus stops D. roadblocks 26. They worked from dawn to dusk with such………….. that they were exhausted.

A. boredom B. zeal C. crack D. debility 27. The Prime Minister will decide whether to release the prisoner or not; that’s his …………...

A. prerogative B. contortion C. derogatory D. abdication 28. The sheep were huddled into a ………….. to protect them from overnight frosts.

A. pen B. hutch C. kennel D. barn 29. That human rights are…………..is unacceptable in a civilized society.

A. infringed B. impeached C. abrogated D. quashed 30. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by…………..

A. the hair of my head B. the skin of my teeth

C. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels 31. Since he is too old to be a porter, they have decided to put him out to…………..

A. the door B. grounds C. grass D. the kerb 32. Andrew Johnson was the first president of the US ever to be …………..primarily because of his violent temper and unyielding stubbornness.

A. impeached B. overthrown C. overpowered D. dethroned 33. If she wins the prize again this year, it’ll be a real………….. in her cap.

A. nutshell B. gemstone C. feather D. landmark 34. Maggie is so moody and unpredictable. She’s apt to fly off the …………..without any real cause.

A. handle B. strap C. catch D. belt 35. Despite a string of………….. performances he retained his place in the side.

A. promising B. reasonable C. satisfactory D. moderate 36. The earthquake………….. 6.5 on the Richter scale.

A. weighed B. measured C. achieved D. counted 37. It was…………..clear to me what they meant by their cold manner.

A. blatantly B. fully C. abundantly D. acutely

189 38. The international conference of the Cardiological Association has been…………..in Cairo to discuss the revolutionary discovery of doctor Gonzales from Mexico.

A. deployed B. collected C. mobilized D. summoned 39. I had a small accident with the car. One of the wings is a little …………..

A. stained B. jammed C. dented D. cracked 40. I've only been here for a week so I haven't got into the………….. yet.

A. swings of things B. groove of things C. rut of things D. swing of routine

IV. GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS): Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. PASSAGE A:

Plants are (41) ………….. to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and (42)…………..or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or (43) ………….. tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect (44 )…………... Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and (45) …………..insects. If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective (46) …………..to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance (47)………….. alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi. Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are (48)………….. different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis - that is, they become diseased and die - after being penetrated by a parasite ; the parasite itself (49)………….. ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been (50)………….. to explain the bases of hypersensitive resistance. 41. A. likely B. inclined C. flexible D. subject 42. A. inducible B. causative C. influential D. medicinal 43. A. convert B. render C. alternate D. reimburse 44. A. embryos B. larvae C. larva D. caterpillars 45. A. immobilize B. demobilize C. deactivate D. depreciate 46. A. hindrances B. repellents C. deterrents D. expurgations 47. A. to B. for C. within D. under 48. A. efficaciously B. phenomenally C. fundamentally D. originally 49. A. following B. substantially C. procedurally D. subsequently 50. A. brought about B. worked out C. put forward D. laid down

PASSAGE B:

MOUND-BUILDER THEORIES

Some of the most impressive geographical features in North America are the many earth mounds (51)………….. around the continent. These earthworks are enormous artificial hills constructed by various Native American civilizations for (52) …………..purposes, such as burials worship, and they are

thousands of years old, with the latest ones being finished hundreds of years before Europeans explored America. Upon their arrival, European explorers were impressed with the structures, but prejudice against the native tribes prevented them from (53)…………..Native Americans with their construction. Instead, American settlers developed several theories that claimed a superior but (54) ………….. "mound-builder" civilization made the earthworks. Moreover, particular details of different mound-builder theories reflected the specific prejudices of the people who supported them. For example, devout Christian groups like the Mormons argued that a (55)………….. Israeli society was responsible, and white Americans argued that only the Vikings could have built such mounds because they believed that their European (56) ………… was far superior to Native Americans. The (57)………….. of these myths showed how for centuries Americans selectively examined evidence and distorted science in order to support their own agendas (58) ………….. the natives. Prior to the 20th century, many Americans accepted the mound-builder theories as despite the dubious evidence that supported them. For instance, most believers argued that the presence of metal artifacts beneath the mounds showed that the natives couldn't have them because they had no knowledge of metallurgy. Some tribes did in fact possess such skills, and the presence of defensive walls around tribal lands indicates that Native Americans could indeed construct structures such as earth mounds. Nonetheless, most Americans (59)………….. such evidence and instead considered other potential candidates for the mound builders. Popular choices were ancient Chinese, Greek, or African civilizations, none of which were in prehistoric America. Other people argued that mystical (60)…………., such as God or people from mythical Atlantis, built the mounds. 51. A. scattered B. extended C. stretched D. covered 52. A. philosophical B. infinite C. ritualistic D. opportunistic 53. A. commemorating B. accrediting C. recognizing D. endowing 54. A. bygone B. disrupted C. exhausted D. extinct 55. A. secretive B. divine C. celestial D. sacred 56. A. forefather B. ancestors C. foregoer D. ancestry 57. A. persistence B. perseverance C. insistence D. determination 58. A. for B. towards C. against D. from 59. A. missed B. refuted C. dispatched D. disposed 60. A. rites B. vigors C. powers D. motivations

V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS): Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question. PASSAGE A

MUSICAL TALENT

Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well - designed instructional regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have a good fortune to be born into musical family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child has an inborn talent, however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.

Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and rhythm. Pitch - or - melody - is more central in certain cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter - tone interval. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub- Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex.

All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sound pattern. Infants as young as two months can match their mother's songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match rhythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects of music, and

191 they can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.

Individual differences begin to merge in young children as they learn to sing. Some children can match segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the time they reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.

The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children provide evidence that musical talent may be separate and unique form of intelligence. There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable "ear" or extraordinary memory for music and a natural understanding of musical structure. In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten years to achieve the levels of performance or composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.

Every generation in music history has it famous prodigies - individuals with exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing and performing at the age of six. As a child, Mozart could play piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at the age of nine he was also a master of the art of modulation – transitions from one key to another - which became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart's well - developed talent was preserved into adulthood.

Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play "Happy Birthday" in the style of various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic child, music may be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it represents as a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening. 61. The word "precocity" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to…………

A. strong interest B. good luck C. advanced skill D. personal style 62. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the sentence printed in bold in paragraph 1?

A. Children may be born with superior musical ability, but their environment will determine how this ability is developed.

B. Every child is naturally gifted, and it is responsibility of the public schools to recognize and develop these talents.

C. Children with exceptional musical talent will look for the best way to express themselves through music - making.

D. Some musically talented children live in an environment surrounded by music, while others have little exposure to music. 63. The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm…………

A. distinguish music from other art forms

B. vary in emphasis in different cultures

C. make music difficult to learn

D. express different human emotions 64. The word "predisposed" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ………….

A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused 65. According the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?

A. When infants start to babble and produce sound patterns

B. Between the ages of two and four months

C. When children learn to sing at two or three years old

D. Between ten years old and adolescence 66. According the passage, which of the following suggests that musical talent is the separate form of intelligence?

A. Exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child

B. Recognition of the emotional power of music

C. The ability of all babies to acquire core elements of music

D. Differences between learning music and learning language 67. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?

A. To compare past and present views of musical talent

B. To give an example of a well - known musical prodigy

C. To describe the development of individual musical skill

D. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century 68. All of the following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT…………

A. a remarkable "ear" or perfect memory for music

B. ability to compose major works at a young age

C. appreciation for a wide variety of musical styles

D. playing a single song in the style of various composers 69. The word "haven" in paragraph 7 is closest meaning to ………….

A. beautiful art B. safe place C. personal goal D. simple problem 70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability?

A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.

B. It is evidence of a superior level of intelligence in other areas,

C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.

D. It is the result of natural talent and a supportive environment.

PASSAGE B

THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS

The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent of the 450 plus species of sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the bodies of water of the world, one which poses one of the greatest threats to all species of ocean life - bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow, their own existence to continue.

Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the growth of plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. In water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they reduce the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans' equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in the food chain.

In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and become out of control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the

193 body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean.

Like phagocytes in the human body ocean .predators work as antibacterial custodians of the seas. In essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too. comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species of fish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all important oxygen.

While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest fish, a closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely provide a food source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an ocean's ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result. 71. The word “lurking” in the passage is closest in meaning to………….

A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching 72. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?

A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.

B. One of the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.

C. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.

D. Most of the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans. 73. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?

A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase.

B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited,

C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.

D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors. 74. The author discusses “nutrient recycling” in paragraph 2 in order to…………..

A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body

B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish

C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans

D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth 75. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold (“Though... continue”)?

A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number of bacteria.

B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean.

C. High bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with food.

D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating. 76. The word “thwarting” in the passage is closest in meaning to………….

A. encouraging B. preventing C. slowing D. sustaining 77. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because…………..

A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish

B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean

C. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain

D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant 78. The word “debilitating” in the passage is closest in meaning to…………..

A. stimulating B. hindering C. elevating D. weakening 79. The author’s description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT………….

A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms.

B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean,

C. They dispose of bacteria to make weakened cells revive.

D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels. 80. The word “It” in the passage refers to …………..

A. nature B. way of life C. food source D. dominant species

B. WRITTEN TEST I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS): Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each space. PASSAGE A

BRAIN GEL

A gel that helps brains recover from traumatic injuries has been developed by scientists at the Clemson University in South Carolina. The gel, which is injected in liquid (1)………….at the site where the injury was sustained, stimulates (2)………….cell growth in the affected area. In terms of circumstances (3)…… which it might be applied, the gel has the potential to treat a wide range of head injuries, including those arising from car accidents, falls and gunshot wounds.

Serious brain injuries are notoriously difficult to recover from on (4)…………. of the fact that the affected tissue can swell (5)…………. considerably, which causes additional collateral damage to the surrounding cells. Existing treatments do (6)………….more than attempt to limit secondary damage and are relatively ineffective, certainly when it comes to repairing the damaged cells, so the discovery of a gel which stimulates cell repair is being heralded (7)…………. revolutionary. (8)…………. the wave of excitement now running through medical circles, it is important to note that results so far are based solely on observations of the effects of the gel on (9)…………. rats. The development of the treatment is very much still in its preliminary stage and human testing is expected to be some three years or more (10)………….yet.

PASSAGE B

The Dolby family gift is the largest philanthropic (11)…………. ever made to UK science, and will support the Cavendish Laboratory, the world-leading centre for physics (12) ………….where Ray Dolby received his PhD in 1961. Thanks to this exceptional gift, the University has now surpassed the £1 billion milestone in its current £2 billion fundraising campaign. This is the second generous gift to Cambridge (13) ………….the Dolby family, who donated £35 million to Pembroke College, Cambridge in 2015. The Dolby family is now the largest donor to the fundraising campaign, and the (14)………….-largest donor to the University in its 808-year history.

Ray Dolby, who died in 2013 at the age of 80, came to Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar in 1957. He received his PhD from the Cavendish in 1961, and was a student and later a Fellow of Pembroke College. In 1965, he founded Dolby Laboratories in London and invented the Dolby System, an analogue audio encoding system that forever improved the (15) ………….of recorded sound. He moved the company in 1976 to San Francisco, where it has been (16)………….ever since.

The new Cavendish Laboratory will be its third home since its founding in 1874, and was first announced by the government in its 2015 spending Review. It (12) …………. a £75 million investment in the Cavendish, which has been confirmed today, (18)…………. maintain Britain's position at the (19)…………. of physical sciences research. The funding will be delivered by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Work (20) …………. the new facility is expected to begin in 2019.

II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS) PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses. 1. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now ………….. (CORRECT) 2. The ending was rather…………. considering the fact that the film had been so intense throughout.

195 (CLIMAX) 3. Environmental quality will be the………….for the 21st century. (WORD) 4. I found the last scene extremely moving and particularly………….. (DIRECT) 5. At that time, package holidays to tropical resorts were pretty much………….. (HEAR) 6. There is a craze for………….foods in our country these days. (CANCER) 7. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move………….from the rich countries to the developing countries. (IMPEDIMENT) 8. Airport officials said there had been no hint of trouble until radio contact was suddenly lost three minutes from…………. (DOWN) 9. Copyright is the…………., legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form o f a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. (ALIEN) 10………….pain is the reason for around 5% of all emergency department visits. (ABDOMEN)

PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

in conscientious industry emergence imply periphery development nation abound relent

The issues for (11)……….. economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build on (12). ……….. land is not born out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the (13)……….. march of the progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of (14)……….. investment, particularly from (15)………..looking to take advantage of the low wages before the cost and standard of living begin to rise, it is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the relative (16) ……….. of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of exploitation companies and a whole sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign-direct investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental (17) ………..of large-scale industrial development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is a vicious cycle because the more (18)……….. active a nation becomes, the greater the demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environment issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed as a (19)………..concern. Indeed, having an environmental (20) ………..or taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on whether or not to build rubber-tree plantations or grow biofuel crops would be quite prohibitive indeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black-and-white issue. And, for vast tracts of land in Latin America, for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local government when vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land.

III. ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS) The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them. SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY

1

5 Sport as a spectacle and photography as a way of recording action have developed together. At the arrival of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge was experimenting with photographs of movement. His pictures of a runner feature in every history of photography. Another milestone was when the scientist and the photographer Harold Edgerton extended the limits of photographic technology with his study of a drop of milk hitting the surface of a dish. Another advance was the development of miniature cameras in the late 1920s, that made it possible for photographers to put their cumbersome cameras behind.

The arrival of television was a significant development in the transmission of sport. Paradoxically, it was having benefit to still photographers. People who watched a sport event on TV, with all their movement and action, valued the still image as a reminder of the game. Looking back, we can see how radically sports photography has changed. Early sports photographers were so interested in the stories behind the sport as in the sport itself. Contemporary sports photography emphasizes the glamour of sport, the colour and the action. But the best sports photographers today do more than just simply tell the story of the event, or take a record of it. They capture in a single dramatic moment the real emotions of the participants, emotions which people looking at the photographs can identify.

1…………….. 2…………….. 3…………….. 4…………….. 5…………….. 6…………….. 7…………….. 8…………….. 9…………….. 10……………

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the words given. 1. Frankly speaking, I do not think that nature and nurture are equally significant. (SUBSCRIBE)

To put............................................. ............................................... significance. 2. In the area, Thailand used to be much better than all other countries in football. (HEAD)

In the area, Thailand doesn't ............ .................................................... longer 3. He hid the truth about the matter because he didn’t want to lose his high position. (CARPET)

For fear that ......... .............................................................................................. 4. He indicated very clearly that he would do anything to obtain the contract. (LENGTHS)

He gave................................................................................................ ................ 5. I didn't dare to tell the truth because my father was there. (GUTS)

Had it ....... ........................................................................................................... 6. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out.

Not for........................... ............................................................... ...................... 7. She was surprised when he suddenly asked her to marry him. (TOOK)

His .................................................................................................. .................... 8. He seems to find the way Mimi behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment.

Far from .............................................................. ......... ............. amused by it. 9. After the expedition, I realized that she was not an efficient researcher. (SHAKES)

It dawned .............................................. .......................................a researcher. 10. The accused may imagine a plan of killing the witness. (AWAY) The accused may conceive .............. .................................... ............................

197

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN BỈNH KHIÊM - VĨNH LONG

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE I. WORD CHOICE: Choose the best options to complete the following sentences. 1. He cannot.................. ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his own department.

A. Insist B. defend C. refer D. plead 2. Employees who have a ....................are encouraged to discuss it with the management.

A. Hindrance B. grievance C. disadvantage D. disturbance 3. The police have been ordered not to ............... if the students attack them

A. Combat B. challenge C. retaliate D. rebuff 4. In spite of his poor education, he was a most.....................speaker.

A. Attentive B. ambiguous C. articulate D. authoritarian 5. Sparkling pools of water lay trapped among the rocks as the tide.....................

A. removed B. refilled C. retired D. receded 6. ...................through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale

A. forage B. ravage C. rummage D. salvage 7. They began constructing the bridge in 1960, but several years........ ........before the project was completed.

A. elapsed B. advanced C. proceeded D. progressed 8. People still haven’t ..................how dangerous pollution can be.

A. remarked B. realised C. noted D. minded 9. Competitive ................. is an essential requirement for success in the entertainment industry.

A. mind B. thought C. spirit D. soul 10. You must complete the Business................. course satisfactorily before you can progress to the third year.

A. Morals B. Values C. Rights D. Ethics

II. STRUCTURES & GRAMMAR Choose the best option A, B, C or D. 1. He tried to make out that the fake painting he had ..................genuine.

A. to be B. being C. been D. was 2. The city libraries present a gloomy picture of the .................. who used to flock the libraries every evening.

A. gradual reduction of readers B. gradual readers reduction

C. gradual readers of reduction D. reduction gradual readers 3. Centuries of erosion have exposed.................. rock surfaces in the Painted Desert of northern Arizona.

A. in colors of the rainbow B. colored like a rainbow

C. rainbow-colored D. a rainbow's coloring 4. The temperature..................takes place varies widely from material to material.

A. which melting B. at which melting

C. at which they melt D. which they melt 5. Legend..................that Robin Hood fired an arrow from his dead-bed and was buried where the arrow landed.

A. tells it B. says it C. makes it D. has it 6. A major problem in the construction of new buildings..................

A. is that windows have been eliminated while air conditioning systems have not been perfected.

B. is they have eliminated windows and still don’t have good air conditioning,

C. is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don’t work.

D. is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems. 7. There’s no point in telephoning him. He’s certain.................. by now.

A. to leave B. to have left C. left D. having left 8. .................. , the catfish is prized for its taste.

A. With ugly look B. As ugly looking

C. Ugly looking as it is D. As it is ugly looking 9. Mr. Gump supposes,.................. , that he will retire at 60.

A. like most people did B. as most of people

C. like most people do D. as do most people 10. On the battle field ...................

A. the tanks lay B. did the tanks lie

C. lay the tanks D. lied the tanks

III. PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. 1. This is the time of the year when stores..................their prices, so you can get good deals.

A. mark on B. mark through C. mark up D. mark down 2. You shouldn’t have sent Sebastian that Valentine’s card. I think you’ve scared him...................

A. back B. down C. off D. through 3. His bad bahaviour was put.................. his upbringing.

A. down to B. with C. off D. up 4. hl the end, the detective managed to..................down the dangerous criminal.

A. find B. track C. get D. hit 5. He is not exactly rich but he certainly earns enough to ...................

A. get through B. get by C. get on D. get in 6. The robbers packed the money into a suitcase and.................. in a van that waited for them in the street.

A. put through B. rolled over C. carried away D. made off 7. The weather was fine, and everyone was..................the coast.

A. going for B. making for C. joining in D. seeing about 8. Learning English isn’t so difficult once you..................

A. get down to it B. get off it C. get on it D. get down with it 9. Sometimes a postman .................. some terrible handwriting and didn't know where the letter should go.

A. ran away with B. ran up with C. ran up against D. run without 10. Beaches were..................as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from the damaged ship.

A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept out

IV. COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. 1. Peter is a librarian but this job is not suitable for him because he has chances of traveling................... He should be a tour guide.

A. in a mind B. on the head C. on the brain D. in the heart 2. I think people who help the old, poor, sick and homeless are...................

A. the sugar of the sea B. the salt of an ocean

C. the salt of the earth D. the sugar of the ocean 3. The teacher..................when she knew that more than ten students cheated in her test.

A. angry B. crazy C. hit the roof D. beat the desk 4. We don't want to continue our business any longer. All the goods will..................so that we can close at the end of this month.

199 A. be sold out B. be solved thoroughly

C. go for a song D. go with colour 5. He looked.................. at the security guard of the supermarket when this man asked him to open his bag.

A. daggers B. angry C. up to D. attentively 6. Don’t be angry with Sue. All that she did in good..................

A. hope B. belief C. idea D. faith 7. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by...................

A the hair of my head B. the skin of my teeth

C. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels 8. The sixth time he called me at night was the ..................

A. last cause B. last straw C. touch and go D. hot air 9. I do not think there is so much as a ..................of truth in that rumor.

A. crumb B. speck C. grain D. pebble 10...................the public concern about the local environment, this new road scheme will have to be abandoned.

A. As regards B. In the event of C. In view of D. However much

V. READING COMPREHENSION PASSAGE 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, an acute febrile illness, is transmitted to man by ticks. Prevention is attained primarily by avoidance of tick-infested areas. When this impractical, personal prophylactic measures include the wearing of clothing which interferes with attachment of ticks, i.e., boots and a onepiece outer garment, preferably impregnated with a tick repellent, and daily inspection of the entire body, including the hairy parts, to detect and remove attached ticks.

In removing attached ticks, great care should be taken to avoid crushing the arthropod, with resultant contamination of the bite wound. Touching the tick with gasoline or whisky encourages detachment, but gentle fraction with tweezers applied close to the mouth parts may be necessary. The skin area should be disinfected with soap and water or other antiseptics. Similarly, precautions should be employed in removing engorged ticks from dogs and other animals, since infection through minor abrasions on the hands is possible. Vaccines are available commercially and should be used for those exposed to great risk, viz., persons frequenting highly endemic areas and laboratory workers exposed to the agent. Since the broad-spectrum antibiotics were shown to be such excellent therapeutic agents in Spotted Fever, there has been less impetus for vaccination of persons who run only a minor risk of infection. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To describe the symptoms of Spotted Fever.

B. To explain how to treat Spotted Fever,

C. To warn of the danger of Spotted Fever.

D. To outline the types of Spotted Fever. 2. The word “acute” in line 1 is closet in meaning to

A. fatal B. violent C. serious D. incurable. 3. From the passage, it can be inferred that ticks are

A. prickly plants B. biting animals

C. poisonous reptiles D. blood-sucking insects. 4. The word “this” refers to

A. prevention B. avoidance C. attachment D. clothing 5. The author suggests all of the following as preventative measures against Spotted Fever EXCEPT

A. removing hair from body B. dressing in suitable clothes

C. staying away from infested areas. D. using appropriate sprays. 6. The word “fraction” could be replaced by

A. dissection B. examination C. investigation D. removal

7. The author states that most people become ill with Spotted Fever through

A. squeezing the body of a tick B. playing with dogs

C. working in laboratories D. not washing with soap and water. 8. According to the passage, if whisky is applied to a tick, it

A. attaches itself to the mouth B. becomes very confused

C. bites the person D. falls off the body 9. The word “impetus” is closest in meaning to

A. haste B. need C. chance D. thought 10. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A. There is no known cure for Spotted Fever.

B. All people in the Rocky Mountains should vaccinated

C. Most medicines are ineffectual against spotted Fever.

D. Spotted Fever is controllable with the use of suitable antibiotics.

PASSAGE 2: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question THE CREATORS OF GRAMMAR

No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical components. The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between ‘you and I’, 'several other people and I' and 'you, another person and I'.. In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronoun 'we'. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So the question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?

At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.

Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom. [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.

Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a series of gestures; they utilise the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older

201 children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilised a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born.

Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense - ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do'. 'It ended' may once have been 'It enddid'. Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy. 1. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language?

A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures

B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar

C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees.

D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language 2. What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?

A. It contained complex grammar.

B. It was based on many different languages.

C. It was difficult to understand, even among slaves.

D. It was created by the land-owners. 3. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT:

A. The language has been created since 1979.

B. The language is based on speech and lip reading.

C. The language incorporates signs which children used at home.

D. The language was perfected by younger children. 4. In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed? It included standardised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers.

A B C D 5. 'From scratch' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

A. from the very beginning B. in simple cultures

C. by copying something else D. by using written information 6. 'Make-shift' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:

A. complicated and expressive B. simple and temporary

C. extensive and diverse D. private and personal 7. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence? Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is.

A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar.

B. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little.

C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little.

D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved. 8. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT:

A. All children used the same gestures to show meaning.

B. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language,

C. The hand movements were smoother and smaller.

D. New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities. 9. Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?

A. English was probably once a creole.

B. The English past tense system is inaccurate.

C. Linguists have proven that English was created by children.

D. Children say English past tenses differently from adults.

10. Look at the word 'consistent' in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the following?

A. natural B. predictable C. imaginable D. uniform

IV. CLOZE TEST CLOZE TEST 1: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D which best fits each space.

Film directors usually make the least promising subjects for biography. They tend to stay behind the camera and get on with making films, emerging only to make the particular promotional statement. Only rarely is a film-maker interesting enough to (1)…………. biographical interest, and some pay off the attention handsomely. What biographer could (2) …………. analyzing Hitchcock, Woody Allen or Polanski? These directors, in any case, were themselves sufficiently absorbed in their own (3)………….to cross over the other side of the camera and (4)…………. themselves to the public.

Much of Jean Renoir's public profile is (5)…………. on his appearance in his final film. But judging by the most recent biography, by Ronald Bergan, the man was simply not interesting. He grew up in the benevolent (6) ………….of his painter father, against whom he appears not to have (7)………….in any way, emerged to make his own (8)…………. in the early life and went on making films for most of the rest of his life. Even when (9)…………. by war, Renoir seems to have (10)…………. his career with. 1. A. award B. prize C. value D. merit 2. A. oppose B. resist C. confront D. expel 3. A. view B. image C. trend D. expression 4. A. display B. examine C. allow D. distinguish 5. A. described B. based C. imagined D. gathered 6. A. memory B. vision C. shadow D. regard 7. A. rebelled B. related C. referred D. resisted 8. A. spot B. field C. mark D. point 9. A. faced B. tackled C. charged D. opposed 10. A. flown B. sailed C. wandered D. run

CLOZE TEST 2: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D which best fits each space.

It's a sleepy village, whose main features are a central square with a fountain and an unpretentious restaurant.(l)…………. the place for an internationally famous exhibition attracting 15000 visitors, one would think. Yet Bussière-Badil has just that reputation in the world of ceramics.(2)…………., when a pottery fair was first held there over 30 years ago, it was only one in all of France, and it is still the country's only ceramics fair that (3)………….four days.

But why here? There is a seam of clay which runs through the area, but it is red clay of the type used to make tiles and bricks as (4)…………. pots, so there is no (5)…………. tradition of art pottery. The idea of the fair started when a Portuguese potter by the name of Miguel Calado (6)…………. a studio in the village at the (7)…………. of the mayor, himself a local tile-maker, who was determined to put the region on the map.

And he has certainly succeeded. Every year, up to 40 potters from all over France and beyond (8)…… on the village to display their wares in a huge purpose-built shed. (9)…………. on the show range from the utilitarian to the decorative, with every nuance in between. And the crowds come to look, to (10)…………. at the potters’ art, and to buy. 1. A. Barely B. Seldom C. Hardly D. Unlikely 2. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Indeed D. Otherwise 3. A. perseveres B. endures C. continues D. lasts 4. A. opposed to B. rather than C. instead of D. apart form 5. A. certain B. particular C. exact D. individual 6. A. turned up B. took up C. made up D. set 7. A. instigation B. advice C. encouragement D. persuasion

203 8. A. gather B. assemble C. converge D. collect 9. A. Issues B. Items C. Matters D. Topics 10. A. astonish B. fascinate C. amaze D. marvel

B. WRITTEN TEST I. OPEN CLOZE TEST OPEN CLOZE TEST 1: Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word:

Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution is (1) ..................complicated as it is serious. It is serious. It is complicated (2 ).................much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. For example (3)........................from automobiles cause a large percentage of all air pollution. But the automobile (4)....... transportation for millions of people.

Factories (5).................... much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people.

Thus, to end (6)...................... greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many things that (7)..................them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be (8)................. reduced in several ways. Scientist and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that (9)................... businesses and (10).......................to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.

OPEN CLOZE TEST 2: Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word

Copyright is the inalienable, legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. Copyright is designed (1)..................... to protect an artist, publisher, or other owner against any unauthorised copying of his works - as by reproducing the work in any material form, publishing it, performing it in public, filming it, broadcasting it, causing it to be distributed to (2) ................ or making any adaptation of the work. A copyright supplies a copyright holder with a kind of ownership over the created material, (3)................. assures him of both control over its use and the monetary benefits derived from it. Historically, copyrights grew (4) ..................... of the same system as royal patent grants, by which certain authors and printers were given the exclusive (5).................. to publish books and other materials. The (6).........................purpose of such grants was not to protect authors' or publishers' rights but to (7) .....................government revenue and to give governing authorities control over publicised contents. The Statute of Anne, passed in England in 1710, was a (8)...................in the history of copyright law as it recognised that authors should be the (9).......................beneficiaries of copyright law. Today, the Berne Convention of 1886 and the Universal Copyright Convention of 1955 protect rights (10) ..................... an international level recognised in all countries.

II. WORD FORMS WORD FORM 1: Supply the correct forms of the words in brackets 1. I was late because I......................how much time I would need. (estimate) 2. I don't care if you'd had too much to drink. Your behaviour last night was quite ................. (defend) 3. The cat is ...............in the sunshine. (luxury) 4. Don't judge the matter by my opponent's.................. statement, but wait till you have heard the other side. (lateral) 5. Some phones can recognize your voice and be ........................by it. (act) 6. Are all those....................they put in food really necessary? (add) 7. The bicycle I lent Tom had been in good condition, but he returned it in .....................(repair) 8. She complained.................. about his rudeness. (cease) 9. 1 try to .....................an occasion when I might be 600 feet below a level. (vision). 10...................and overpopulation are two of the most difficult problems in the Third World countries. (forest)

WORD FORM 2:

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

FLAMENCO DANCE

The essence of flamenco is song, often accompanied by the guitar and improvised dance. Music and dance can be placed into specific groups. These categories are usually located across a continuum with subjects dealing with the profound to those that are light-hearted. (1. TYPE) .........................., the themes of death, anguish and despair, in contrast to love, gaiety and the countryside are (2. DRAMA)...... ............ In flamenco dance, the men's steps are intricate, with toe and heel clicking. Footwork in women's dancing is of less importance, with the (3. GRACE)................. use of hands and body taking (4. PRECEDE )............ In the dance, the arm, hand and foot movements closely resemble those of classical Hindu dance. Essential to traditional flamenco is the performer's interpretation of the dance (5. HINDER)................ by the emotion of the music. Performances are often accompanied by rapid hand clapping, finger snapping and (6. COURAGE).................... shouts. The dancers themselves frequently employ linger snapping in complex rhythms including the use of castanets. This dance form was (7. PROFESSION)...................in the 19th century, when Romany people first began to perform in cafes. In this environment, (8. DEPART) ....... from the traditional form occurred. Unfortunately, the pressures of the (9. COMMERCE) ................. stage meant that rehearsed routines replaced the (10. SPONTANEOUS).................... of the original flamenco performances.

III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION The passage below contains 10 errors. Underline and correct them. Write your answers in the space provided on the right. (0) has been done for you as an example.

Whirlwind, any rotating air mass, include the tornado and the large cyclonic and anti-cyclonic storm. In meteorology, the term whirlwind is more strictly application to the smaller swirling atmospheric phenomenon commonly known as dust devil or dust whirl, which occurs mostly over deserts and semiarid plains during hot, calm days. The principle cause of whirlwind is intense insulation, or incoming solar radiation received from the earth, which produces an overheated air mass just above the ground. This air mass arises, usually in the form of a cylindrical column, sucks up loose surface material, just as dust, sand, and leaves. Whirlwinds vary with height from 30 to 152 m, but exceptionally vigorous dust devils may exceed 1,524 m in height. The vortices of whirlwinds range in size from a few meters to several hundred meters and, depend on their force and size, dust devils may disappear in seconds and last several hours. Brief whirlwinds are erratic in motions, but the longer-lasting ones move slowly with the prevailing winds.

1………………… 2………………… 3.………………… 4………………… 5………………… 6.………………… 7………………… 8………………… 3.………………… 10.………………..

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means the same as the given one. 1. Can I speak to someone about my problem? → Would it ......................................................................................................... 2. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.

205 → The excuse........................................................................ .............................. 3. The play is so popular that the theater is likely to be full every night. → Such........................................................................ ........................................ 4. They will not announce the decision formally. → No formal........................................................................ .............................. 5. The boy was about to cry when he was reprimanded by his mother. → The boy was on .............................................................................................

Rewrite the following sentences using the given words. The given word must not be altered in any way. 6. He maintained his position against his adversary. (GROUND)

→………………………………………………………………………… 7. I suddenly realized the meaning of a “freebie”. (DAWNED)

→………………………………………………………………………… 8. Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash. (ALTERNATIVE)

→………………………………………………………………………… 9. The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. (GETAWAY)

→………………………………………………………………………… 10. Don't panic about something so trivial. (MOUNTAIN)

→…………………………………………………………………………