tIcf It¯men¡mk`bpsS HutZymKnI aebmf hnhÀ¯\w
{^m³knkv ]m-¸m
tIcf It¯men¡mk`bpsS BØm\Imcymebw ]n.H.kn. {]kn²oIcWw
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DÅS¡w Viswasa Velicham [Malayalam]
anYy-bmb shfn¨tam? hosï-Sp-¡-s¸-tSï shfn¨w
Translation of the encyclical Letter
1. \mw kvt\l-¯nð hniz-kn¨p
LUMEN FIDEI Issued by
POPE FRANCIS on 29th June 2013 Translated by
Rev. Dr. George Kurukkoor,
General Editor, POC Publications Published by The Director, Pastoral Orientation Centre Secretariat, Kerala Catholic Bishops’ Council, Kochi 25, Kerala, India Phone : +91 484 2805722, 28058215, Fax : +91 484 2806214 E-mail : pocpublications@gmail.com, Website : www.kcbcsite.com Copyright to The Publisher Published on 5th August 2013 Printed at Don Bosco IGACT, Vennala, Kochi -28, Ph:0484 2806411 Copies - 5000 Price - ` 40
©Pastoral Orientation Centre All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher.
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
A{_mlw: hnizm-k-¯nð \½psS ]nXmhv (hn-izm-k-N-cn{Xw hnip² {KÙ-¯nð) C{kmtb-ensâ hnizmkw ss{IkvX-hn-izm-k-¯nsâ ]qÀWX c£, hnizmkw hgn hnizm-k-¯nsâ k`m-ß-I-cq]w
2. \n§Ä hnizkn¡pónsñ¦nð \n§Ä¡p a\ÊnemIpIbnñ. 2.1. hnizmkhpw kXyhpw 2.2. kXys¯bpw kvt\ls¯bpw Ipdn¨pÅ Adnhv 2.3. hnizmkw tIÄhnbpw ImgvNbp-saó \ne-bnð 2.4. hnizm-khpw bpànbpw X½n-epÅ kwhmZw 2.5. hnizm-khpw ssZh-mt\z-j-Whpw 2.6. hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw
3. F\n¡p e`n-¨-Xv... Rm³ \n§Ä¡v Gev]n-¨p-Xóp 3.1. k` \½psS hnizm-k-¯nsâ amXmhv 3.2. IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-k-ssI-am-ähpw 3.3. hnizm-khpw {]mÀ°-\bpw ]¯p-I-ev]-\-Ifpw 3.4. hnizm-k-¯nsâ sFIyhpw ka-{K-Xbpw
4. ssZhw AhÀ¡p-thïn Hcp \Kcw kÖo-I-cn-¡póp 4.1. hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-òbpw 4.2. hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw 4.3. kaq-l-¯nse Pohn-X-¯n\v Hcp shfn¨w 4.4. kl-\-¯n-\n-S-bnð Bizm-khpw iànbpw 4.5. hniz-kn-¨-hÄ `mKy-hXn 5
a\p-jy-hw-i-¯nsâ ]mX-bnð Hcp shfn-¨-ambn ssZhw Xón-cn-¡pó hnizm-k-saó Aaq-ey\n-[n-bnð Xsâ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-còmsc _e-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ]t{Xm-knsâ ]n³Km-an, Cósebpw Cópw \msfbpw Ft¸mgpw hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-óp. (No.7)
hniz-kn-¡pó-h³ Fñmw hyà-ambn ImWpóp ] cn-ip-²-]n-Xmhv
{^m³knkv amÀ]m-¸m-bpsS {]Ya Nm{In-I-te-J-\-amb "hnizm-k- sh-fn¨w' (Lumen Fidei) 2013 Pqsse 5þ\mWv {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨Xv. kmÀh-{XnI k` hnizmk-hÀjw BN-cn-¡pó ]Ým-¯-e-¯n-emWv hnizm-k-s¯¡p-dn¨v ]t{Xm-knsâ ]n³Kman Nm{In-I-te-J\w ]pd-s¸Sp-hn¨-Xv. hnizm-k-hÀj-¯n\v Hcp-¡-ambn 2011 HIvtSm-_À 11-þ\v s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a³ {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ "hnizm-k¯nsâ hmXnð' (Porta Fidei) Fó A¸-kvtXm-enI teJ-\amWv hnizm-k-hÀjm-N-c-W-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v h¯n-¡m³ {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ GI-k-`m-{]-t_m-[\w. hnizm-k-hÀj-¯nð ssZhnI Zm\hpw am\p-jnI {]hr-¯n-bp-amb hnizm-ks¯ kw_-Ôn¨v k`-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp {]t_m-[\w Dïm-I-W-saóv B{K-ln-¨-Xp-sIm-ïmWv "hnizm-k -sh-fn¨w' Fó Nm{In-I-te-J\w X¿m-dm-¡n-b-sXóv amÀ]m¸m hyàam-¡pI-bp-ïm-bn. 2013 Pq¬ 29-\v hnip² ]t{Xm-kn-sâbpw ]utem-knsâbpw Xn-cp-\mÄ Zn\-¯n-emWv amÀ]m¸m Xsâ {]Ya Nm{In-I-te-J\-¯nð H¸p-h-¨-Xv. 6
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Bap-Jhpw \mev A[ym-b-§-fp-apÅ Nm{In-I-te-J-\ -¯nse {]Ya A[ymbw hnip-²-{K-Ù-¯nse hnizm-k-N-cn{X-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw cïmw A[ymbw hnizm-k-s¯bpw bpànsbbpw kw_-Ôn¨pw aqóm-as¯ A[ymbw k`bn-eqsS ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Spó hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw \memw A[ymbw {]hr-¯n-bn-eqsS km£m-XvI-cn-¡-s¸-S-p-ó hnizm-k-s¯¡p dn-¨pamWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. 60 JWvUn-I-I-fn-eqsS hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ka-{K-ambn hnh-cn-¡pó "hnizm-ksh-fn¨w' Fó Nm{In-I-te-J-\-¯nð A¼-tXmfw B[nIm-cnI D²-c-Wn-I-fp-apï-v. hnP-b-I-chpw ^e-Zm-b-I-hp-amb ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X¯n\v F{]-Im-c-amWv ss{IkvXh hnizmkw BtLm-jnt¡- -ïXv Fó-Xn\v Duóð \evIpó Nm{In-I-te-J\w ssZhn-I-kp-Ir-X-amb hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-ambpw ka-{K-ambpw hnh-cWw \evIp-óp. hnizm-k-hÀj-¯nð "hnizm-k -sh-fn¨w' \h-bp-K-¯nsâ kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-k-c-WnIsf Bßo-b-ambn {]tim-`n-¸n-¡pw. emL-h-_p-²n-tbmsS ImWm--hpó Pohn-X¯nse Ah-Øm-hn-ti-j-añ hnizm-kw. A\p-Zn\w _e-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNt¿ ï ssZho-I-Zm-\-am-Wv. hniz-kn-¡p-ó-h³ Fñmw hyà-ambn ImWp-óp. hnizm-k-¯nsâ shfn¨w ssZh¯nð \nóv ]pd-s¸-Sp-ó-Xn-\mð AXv a\p-jym-Øn-Xz¯nsâ FÑm taJ-e-I-sfbpw kv]Àin-¡p-Ibpw {]Imi-]q-cn-X-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-saóv ]m¸ hyà-am¡-¡p-óp. hnizm-k-¯nsâ {]`-h-Øm\w {InkvXp-hm-Wv. {InkvXphnsâ Pohn-X-cw-K-§-fpsS KX-Im-e-kva-c-W-bnð Duón-\nev¡pó hnizm-k-ssN-X-\y-amWv `mhn-Im-e-¯nsâ PohnX N{I-hm-f-¯n-te¡v hy\-kn-¸n-t¡--sXóv Xsâ {]Ya Nm{InI-te-J-\-¯n-eqsS efn-X-ambpw BÀP-h-t¯m-sSbpw {^m³ knkv ]m¸ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-ó-Xv. 8
ssZhnI kpIr-X-§-fmb kvt\l-s¯-¡p-dn¨v (Deus Caritas Est) 2005-epw {]Xym-i-sb-¡p-dn¨v (Spe Salvi) 2007-epw s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a³ amÀ]m¸m Nm{In-I-te-J-\-§Ä {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-cp-óp. s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a³ amÀ]m¸m-bpsS ]mc-¼cyw ]n³Xp-SÀóv ssZhnI]pWy-§-fmb kvt\lw, {]Xymi, hnizmkw Fón-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ k`m-{]-t_m-[-\-¯nsâ ]qÀ¯o-I-cWw IqSn-bmWv {^m³ knkv amÀ]m-¸mbpsS "hnizmk shfn¨w' Fó {]mY-anI Nm{In-I-te-J-\w. 2013 s^{_p-hcn 28-þ\v s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a-³ amÀ]m¸m Øm\-XymKw sN¿p-t¼mÄ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-¯nsâ ]Wn-¸p-c-bn-em-bn-cp-óp. Xsâ ap³ Kman XpS-§n-h¨ hnizm-ks¯¡pdn-¨pÅ k`m-{]-t_m -[-\-¯nsâ Ic-Sp-cq]w ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-sIm-mWv "hnizm-k -sh-fn¨w' temI-¯n\v kaÀ¸n-¡p-ó-sXóv {^m³knkv ]m¸ Bap-J-¯nð kqNn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óp. _lp-`m-jm-]-WvUn-X\pw tdcpw s\mhmcpw apX-epÅ k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\-§-fpsS hniz-kvX-hn-hÀ¯I\pw ]n.-H.-kn. ]»n-t¡-j³knsâ P\-dð FUn-ä-dp-amb dh. tUm. tPmÀPv Ipcp-¡q-dm-Wv Nm{In-I-te-J-\-¯nsâ XÀPna \nÀh-ln-¨n-«p-ÅXv. hnh-À¯-\-¯nsâ `mjm-]-cn-tim-[\ \S¯n Xncp-¯-ep-IÄ \evIn-bXv kmln-Xy-Im-c\pw `mjm]-WvUn-X-\p-amb sjh-en-bÀ tUm. {]oaqkv s]cn-tô-cnbm-Wv. hnhÀ¯\w aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp¯n B[n-Im-cn-IX Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-bXv sIkn-_nkn ^manen I½o-j³ sk{I-«-dnbpw Adn-b-s¸-Spó Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\pamb ^m. tPmkv tIm«-bn-epw, Adn-b-s¸-Spó ss__nÄ ] WvUn-X\pw sIkn-_nkn ss__nÄ I½o-j³ sk{I-«-dnbp-amb dh. tUm. tPmjn a¿m-än-ep-am-Wv. dh. knÌÀ P\äv F^v.-kn.-kn., {io F.-sP. Atem-jy-kv, ssS]vsk-än§v \nÀ h-ln¨ {ioaXn A½nWn {^m³ko-kv, ap{ZWw \nÀh-ln¨ 9
tUm¬ t_mkvtIm CKmIvSv {]kv Fón-h-tcmSpw CXnsâ {]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯nð IS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. k` hnizm-k-hÀjw BN-cn¡pó Ah-k-c-¯nð hnizmk-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hyà-hpw- ka-{K-hp-amb k`m {]-t_m-[-\amWv "hnizmk shfn-¨'¯neqsS shfn¨w I n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\-amb hnizm-k-¯nð Bg-s¸-Sm\pw AXnð \ne-\n-ev¡m\pw XoIvj-W-X-tbmsS hnizmkw ]¦p-h-bv ¡m\pw At\-IÀ¡v Cu Nm{In-I-te-J\¯nsâ ae-bm-fhn-hÀ¯\w {]tN-mZ-\hpw Bth-i-hp-am-Ip-sa-ó-Xnð kwi -b-an-ñ. tUm. Ìo^³ Be-¯d 2013 BKÌv 5 ]n.H.-kn., sIm¨n-þ25.
sU]yq«n sk{I-«dn P\-dð, sI.-kn.-_n.-kn Ub-d-IvSÀ, ]n.-H.-kn.
hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn¨v {^m³knkv ]m¸ sa{XòmÀ¡pw sshZn-IÀ¡pw Uo¡òmÀ¡pw kaÀ¸nXÀ¡pw Aevambm hnizm-kn-IÄ¡pw thïn Fgp-Xnb
Nm{In-I-te-J\w
1. hnizm-k- shfn¨w:
A§-s\-bmWv k`-bpsS ]mc¼cyw tbip- sImïphó al-¯mb Zm\-s¯- hnti-jn-¸n-¡p óXv. tbml-ómsâ kphn-tij¯nð {InkvXp- X-só¸-än¯só C{]-Imcw ]d-bpóp: "Fónð hniz-kn-¡p-óh-cmcpw AÔ-Im-c-¯nð hkn-¡m-Xn-cn-t¡-ï-Xn\v Rm³ shfn-¨ambn temI-¯n-te¡p hón-cn-¡p-óp' (tbml 12:46). hnip² ]utemkv CtX -_nw_wXsó {]tbm-Kn-¡-pópïv: "AÔIm-c-¯nð \nóp {]-Imiw DZn-¡s« Fóv Acp-fn-s¨bvX
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ssZhw Xsóbm-Wv...-R-§-fpsS lrZ-b-§sf {]Im-in-¸n¨n-cn-¡p-óXv "(2 tImdn 4:6) {]Im-i-¯n-\mbn AZay-ambn B{K-ln¨ hnPm-XobtemIw kqcy-tZ-h-s\ þ AP-¿-\mb kqcys\- þ Hmtcm Znhkhpw {]`m-X-¯nð hnfn¨v At]-£n¨v kqcy-tZ-hm-cm-[-\ -bnð aptódn. Fómð, kqcy³ Hmtcm {]`m-X-¯nepw ]pXpXmbn P\n-s¨-¦nepw apgp-h³ a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-¯n³taepw {]Imiw sNmcn-bm³ hyà-ambn AXn\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cpónñ. kqcy³ bmYmÀ°ys¯ apgp-h\pw {]Im-in-¸n-¡-p ón-ñ. ac-W-¯nsâ \ng-en-te¡v Xpf-¨p-I-b-dm³ AXnsâ civan-IÄ¡p Ign-bp-Ibn-ñ. B \ng-enð a\p-jy-cpsS I®p -IÄ kpcy-{]Imi-¯ns\Xntc AS-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. càkm-£n-bmb hnip² PÌn³ C§s\ Fgp-Xp-óp: "kqcy-\nepÅ Xsâ hnizm-k-¯n-\p-thïn acn-¡m³ Hcp-h\pw Hcn¡epw kó²-\m-bn-«nñ'.1 X§-fpsS ap¼nð X§-fpsS hnizmkw Xpd-ó A\-´hn-im-e-amb N{I-hm-f-s¯-¡p-dn¨p t_m[-ap-Å-h-cmb {InkvXym-\n-IÄ tbip-hns\ "Poh³ \evIpó civan-IfpÅ'2 bYmÀ° kpcy-\mbn Iïv Ahn-Ss¯ hnfn-¨-t]£n¨p. Xsâ ktlm-Z-c-\mb emk-dnsâ ac-W-s¯tbm À¯p hne]n-¡pó aÀ¯-tbmSv tbip ]dªp: "hniz -kn-¨mð \o ssZh-a-l¯zw ZÀin-¡p-saóv Rm³ \ntómSp ]d-ªntñ?' (tbml 11:40). hniz-kn-¡p-óhÀ ImWpóp; X§-fpsS apgp-h³ bm{X-sbbpw {]Im-in-¸n¡pó Hcp shfn¨w-sImïv ImWp-óp. Imc-Ww, B {]Imiw D°nX-\mb {InkvXp-hnð \nóv þ Hcn-¡epw AkvX-an-¡m¯ {]`m-X-\-£-{X-¯nð \nóv þ hc-p-óXm-Wv.
anYy-bmb shfn¨tam?
2.-
F-ómepw hnizm-k shfn¨s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \½psS ka-Im-eo-\-cnð At\-I-cpsS FXnÀ¸p-IÄ \ap¡p an¡-hmdpw tIÄ¡mw. hfÀ¨ {]m]n¨Xpw bpàn-hn-Nm-c¯nð Al-¦-cn-¡p-óXpw `mhn-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]pXnb amÀK§-fn-eqsS At\z-jWw \S-¯p-óXpamb B[p-\nI a\pjy-Ip-ew, B shfn¨w ]g-b-Im-es¯ kaq-l-§Ä¡v am{Xw aXn-bm-Ip-óXmbpw Cós¯ temI-¯n\v AXv D]tbm-K-iq-\y--ambpw IcpXp-óp. A§s\ NneÀ¡v hnizmkw anYym-shfn¨-ambn tXmóp-óp. Adn-hn-\m-bpÅ At\z-jW-¯n\p [oc-X-tbmsS ]pd-s¸-Sp-óXnð \nóv a\p-jyhÀKs¯ AXv XS-bp-óXmbn tXmóp-óp. bphm-hmb \oäv tj Xsâ ktlm-Z-cn- Fen-k-_-¯n-s\ A]-I-S-km-[y-XIÄ Gsä-Sp-¡m\pw "kz´w hgn Isï-t¯-ï-Xn-\pÅ XnIª A\nÝnX-Xz-t¯msS ]pXn-b- hgnIfnð kôcn-¡m\pw' t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨p. AbmÄ XpSÀóp ]dªp: "Chn-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-hÀK-¯nsâ ]mX-IÄ th-dn-Sp-óXv: \n\¡v Bßob kam-[m-\hpw kt´m-jhpw thW-sa-¦nð hniz-kn-¡p-I.- F-ómð kXys¯ A\p-K-an-¡m³ B{K-ln¡p-óps-ï-¦nð At\z-jn-¡p-I.'3 hnizmkhpw At\z-jWhpw s]mcp-¯-s¸«p t]mIn-ñt{X. ChnsS -\n-ómWv \oäv tj {InkvXp-a-X-hn-aÀi\w hnI-kn-¸n-¨-Xv: {InkvXp-aXw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-¯nsâ ]qÀW-amb AÀ°w Ipd-bv¡pIbpw Pohn-X-¯nð \nóv \ho-\-Xbpw kml-kn-I-Xbpw Dcnªp-I-f-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. A§s\ hnizmkw anYybmb shfn¨-am-bncn-¡p-óp; kzX-{´-am-¡-s¸« a\p-jy-hwi-¯n\v `mhn-bn-te-¡pÅ hgn XS-bpó anYy-.
3. Cu {]{In-b-bnð hnizmks¯ AÔ-Im-c-hpambn _Ôn¸n-¡m-\n-S-bm-bn. bpàn-bpsS shfn-¨-¯n-\-cntI Øm\w
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\evIn hnizm-k-s¯ c£n-¡m³ NneÀ ]cn-{i-an-¨-p-. bpànbpsS shfn-¨-¯n\p ISóp- sNñm³ Ign-bm-¯n-S-s¯-ñmw, kp\n-Ýn-XXzw km[y-a-ñm-¯n-S-s¯-ñmw, A¯-c-samcp Øm\-w \evIp-I-bp-ïmbn. A§s\ hnizmkw shfn¨an-ñm¯t¸mÄ \S-t¯-ïXpw AÔ-amb hnIm-c-¯mð {] tNm-Z-n-Xhp-amb Ccp-fn-te-¡pÅ Hcp IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-ambn a\Ên-em-¡-s¸-«p. Asñ-¦nð Hcp-]t£ lrZ-b-¯n\p NqSp] I-cm³ Ign-hp-ÅXpw hyàn-]-c-amb Bizmkw \evIm³ Ign-bp-óXp-amb hyàn-\n-jvT-amb Hcp {]Im-i-ambn IcpX-s¸-«p. ]t£, B {]Im-is¯ hgn ImWn¨p sImSp-¡m³ Ign-bpó hkvXp-\n-jvThpw ]¦p-h-bv¡-s¸-«-Xp-amb shfn¨-ambn aäp-Å-hÀ¡v \nÀt±-in-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bpI-bnñ. kzbwimkn-X-amb bpàn-bpsS shfn¨w `mhnsb {]Im-in¸n-¡m³ aXn-bm-bXv Asñóvv kmh-[m-\-¯n-em-sW-¦nepw XoÀ¨-bmbpw hyà-am-Ipw. bpàn-bpsS shfn¨w am{X-tabp-Åq-sh-¦nð BXy-´n-I-ambn `mhn Ccp-ïXpw AÚmX-am-b-Xns\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kw{`m´n \nd-ª-Xpambn \nesIm-Åpw. AXnsâ ^e-ambn a\p-jy-hwiw al-¯mb Hcp shfn¨-¯n-\p-th-ïn-bpÅ, \nXy-k-Xy-¯n\pthïn¯sóbpÅ At\z-jWw Dt]-£n-¨v £Wn-I-amb \nanjs¯ {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-óXpw Fómð hgn ImWn-¡m³ Aià-hp-amb sNdnb Zo]-§ÄsImïp Xr]vXn-s¸-Sm³ {ian-¨p. Fómð, hnizmk shfn-¨-¯nsâ A`m-h-¯nð Fñmw Ipg-ªp-a-dn-ª-Xm-bn-¯o-cpóp. \òsb Xnò-bnð \ntóm \½psS e£y-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]mXsb Hcn-S¯pw F¯n-t¨cm-¯-hn[w -hnjahr-¯-¯nem-¡pó aäp- h-gn-I-fnð \ntóm thÀXn-cn¨p ]d-bpI AXv Akm-[y-am-¡póp.
hosï-Spt¡ï shfn¨w
4.
AXp-sImïv hnizmkw Hcp- sh-fn-¨-am-sWó hkvXpX hosï-Sp¡pI-sb-óXv Hcp ASn-b-´n-cm-h-iy-am-Wv. Fs´-
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ómð hnizm-k-am-Ipó Pzme- AW-ªp-t]m-bmð aäp shfn¨-§-sfñmw a§n-¯p-S-§pw. hnizm-k- shfn¨w A\-\y-amWv. Imc-Ww, a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-¯nsâ Hmtcm- h-i-s¯bpw {]Im-in-¸n-¡m³ AXn\p Ign-bpw. C{Xam{Xw ià-amb Hcp shfn¨w \½nð \nóp Xsó Dïm-hp-I-bn-ñ. IqSp-Xð BZn-aamb Hcp Dd-hn-S-¯nð \ntó AXv Dïm-hp-I-bp-Åq. Hä-hm-¡nð ]d-ªmð, AXp ssZh-¯nð \nóp hc-Ww. \s½ hnfn-¡p-óh\pw Xsâ kvt\lw \ap¡p shfns¸-Sp-¯n-¯-cp-óh-\p-amb kPo-h-\mb ssZh-hp- a-mbpÅ Iïp-ap-«-enð \nómWv hnizmkw P\n-¡p-óXv. B kvt\lw \ap¡p apt¼ DÅ-Xm-Wv. kpc£n-X-Xz-¯n-\pth-ïnbpw \½psS Pohn-Xs¯ ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯p-óXn-\pth-ïnbpw AXns\ \ap¡v B{ibn-¡m-hp-óXm-Wv. Cu hnizm-k-¯mð cq]m-´-c-s¸-«-h-cm-Ip-t¼mÄ \ap¡v ]pXnb ZÀi\w e`n-¡pw, ImWm³ ]pXnb I®p-I-fp-ïm-Ipw. km£m-XvIm-c-¯nsâ henb hmKv-Zm\w AXnð DÄs¡mïn-cn-¡p-óp-sh-ópw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡pw. \½psS ap¼nð `mhn-sb-¸-änbpÅ Hcp ho£Ww Xpd-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pw. AXn-kzm-`m-hnI Zm\-sa-ó \n-e-bnð ssZh-¯nð \nóp \mw kzo-I-cn-¡pó hnizmkw ka-b-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ \½psS bm{Xsb \bn-¨psImïv \½psS hgn-bnð shfn¨-a-mbn-¯ocpw. Hcp-h-i-¯v, AXv `qX- Im-e-¯p-\nóp hcpó shfn¨-am-Wv. tbip-hnsâ Pohn-X-¯nsâ ASnØm\-]-c-amb kvac-W-bpsS shfn-¨-am-Wv. B PohnXw XnI¨pw hnizmky-amb Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\ls¯ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-Wv. ac-W-¯nsâ tað hnPbw hcn-¡m³ Ign-bpó kvt\lwX-sóbmWXv. Fómepw {InkvXp DbnÀ¡p-Ibpw \s½ ac-W-¯n-\-¸p-d-t¯¡p \bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óXp-sImïv hnizmkw `mhn-bnð \nóp-h-cpó shfn-¨-hp-am-Wv. \½psS 15
Hä-s¸« hyàn-Xz-§Ä¡v- A-¸p-d-t¯¡v þ Iq«m-bva-bpsS hnim-e-X-bn-te¡v þ \bn-¡p-ó hnkvXr-X-amb N{I-hm-f§sf \½psS ap¼nð Xpd-ón-Sp-óXp--am-Wv. hnizmkw \ng-enepw ¾m\-X-bnepw hkn-¡p-ón-sñóp \mw ImWp-óp. AXv \½psS Ccp-«n-\pÅ shfn-¨am-Wv. Zmt´ Unssh³ tImaUn Fó almImhy-¯nð hnip² ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv Xsâ hnizmkw Gäp-]-d-ªn«v B shfn¨s¯ C§s\ hnhn-cn-¡póp: "{ItaW I¯pó Pzmebm-bn-¯o-cp-óXpw AXv kzÀKo-b-\-£-{Xw-t]mse Fsâbp-Ånð anón-{]-Im-in-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óXpamb Hcp kv^penw-Kw'.4 Cu hnizm-k- shfn¨amWv Rm\n-t¸mÄ ] cnNn´\w sN¿m³ B{K-ln-¡p-óXv. a\p-jy-hw-i-¯n\v {]tXy-I-amw-hn[w shfn¨w Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-¡p-ó C¡me¯vv AXp \½psS bm{X-bpsS N{I-hm-fs¯ tim`m-] qÀW-am-¡pó Hcp \£-{X-am-bn-¯oÀó,v hfÀ¨ {]m]n¨v, hÀ¯-am-\-Im-es¯ {]tim-`n-X-am-¡Ww.
5. {InkvXp Xsâ ]oUm-k-l-\-¯nsâ Xte-Zn-hkw ]t{Xmkn\v C§s\ Dd-¸p-sIm-Sp¯p: "\nsâ hnizmkw £bn-¡mXn-cn-¡m³ Rm³ \n\-¡p-thïn {]mÀ°n-¨p' (eq¡m 22-:32). Fón«v AtX hnizm-k-¯nð Ahsâ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlmZ-còmsc _e-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ahn-Sóv ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSp ] dªp. ]t{Xm-knsâ ]n³Km-ansb `c-ta-ev]n¨ IS-a-sb-¸än t_m[-hm-\mbn s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a³ Ct¸m-gs¯ "hnizm-k-hÀjw' {]Jym-]n-¨p. AXv Ir]-bpsS Hcp Ime-amWv. hniz-kn-¡p-óXn-epÅ henb kt´mjw A\p-`-hn-¨-dnbm\pw hnizmkw \½psS ap¼nð Xpd-ón-Spó hnim-e-amb N{I-hmfw Iïv \½psS hnkva-bs¯ ]pXp-¡m\pw B hnizmkw AXnsâ GI-Xz-¯nepw ka-{K-X-bnepw Gäp-]d-bm\pw AXp klm-bn-¡p-óp. IÀ¯rkvac-W-tbm-SpÅ hniz-kvX-X-tbmsSbpw Ahn-Ss¯ kmón-[y-¯mepw ]cn16
ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-¯mepw \ne-\n-dp¯-s¸«pamWv CXp km[n-¡p-óXv. Pohn-X-¯n\p al-¯zhpw km£m-XvIm-chpw sImïph-cp-óXpw {InkvXp-hnepw Ahn-Ss¯ Ir]m-h-c-¯nsâ iàn-bnepw tI{µo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-óXp-amb hnizm-k-¯nð \nóp hcpó t_m[yw BZna {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t{]jn-XZu-Xys¯ {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¨p. cà-km-£n-I-fpsS {]hr-¯n-I-fnð, tdma³ {]os^IvSmb dpkvXn-¡qkpw lntb-dmIvkv Fó t]cpÅ Hcp ss{IkvX-h\pw X½nð \Só Xmsg-¡m-Wpó kwhmZw \mw hmbn-¡póp: "Fhn-sS-bmWv \nsâ amXm-]n-Xm¡òmÀ Fóv PUvPn cà-km-£n-tbmSv tNmZn-¨p'. AbmÄ C§s\ D¯cw ]dªp: "R§-fpsS bYmÀ° ]nXmhv {InkvXp BWv. R§-fpsS A½ Ahn-SónepÅ hnizm-kam-Wv'5 B BZna ss{IkvX-hÀ¡v {InkvXp-hnð shfn-hmb kPo-h-ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ Hcp Iïp-ap-«-seó \ne-bn-ð hnizmkw XoÀ¨-bmbpw Hcp A½ Bbn-cp-óp. Imc-Ww, AXv Ahsc shfn-¨-¯n-te¡p sImïp hóp, Ah-cp-sSbpÅnð ssZhn-I-Po-h³ P\n-¸n-¨p. Cu \hym-\p-`-h-¯n\ pw AkvXn-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Zo]vX-amb ZÀi\¯n\pw thïn Ah-km-\w-hsc ]c-ky-ambn km£yw hln-¡m³ AhÀ kó²-cm-bn-cp-óp.
6.
cïmw h¯n-¡m³ Iu¬kn-ensâ Bcw-`-¯nsâ A¼Xmw hmÀjn-I-¯n-emWv "hnizm-k-hÀjw' DZvLmS\w sN¿-s¸-«-Xv. cïmw h¯n-¡m³ Iu¬knð hnizm-ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨p-Å-Xm-bn-cpóp FóXnsâ hyà-amb kqN-\bm-WnXv-.6 k`-sbó \ne-bnepw hyàn-I-sfó \ne-bnepw \½psS Pohn-X-¯nsâ tI{µ-¯nð {InkvXp-hnð ssZh-¯n-\ pÅ {]mYayw ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡m³ AXv Bh-iy-s¸-«-tñm. 17
k` hnizm-ks¯ Hcn-¡epw eLp-hmbn ImWp-ón-ñ. ]nsó tbm Cu ssZh-Zm\w Xsâ bm{Xm-amÀK-¯nð, Xsó XpSÀóp \bn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡m³, AXns\ t]mjn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hoïpw iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿-W-saóv k` Adn-bpóp. \½psS Ime-L-«-¯nse kv{Xo]p-cp-jòm-tcmSv AhcpsS bm{X-bnð kl-Ncn¨p-sImïv hnizm-k- sh-fn¨w \½psS am\p-jn-Im-\p-`-hs¯ DÅnð \nóp {]Im-in-¸n¡m³ cïmw h¯n-¡m³ Iu¬knð CS-bm¡n. PohnXs¯ AXnsâ Fñm am\-§-fnepw hnizmkw F§s\ k¼-óam¡pópshóv AXv hyà-ambn ImWn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
7.
kvt\l-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw {]Xym-i-sb-¡p-dn¨pw s_\UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a³ Xsâ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-§-fnð FgpXn-bn-«p-Å-htbmSv hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Cu hnNn´-\§ÄþCu ssZhnI ]pWy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v k`-bpsS {] t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw {]Jym-]n-¨n-«pÅ Fñm-än-sâbpw XpSÀ¨bnð7 Iq«n-t¨À¡m-\mWv Dt±-in-¡p-óXv. At±lwXsó hnizm-k-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å Nm{In-I-te-J-\-¯nsâ BZys¯ Ic-Sp-cq]w an¡-hmdpw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-óp. C¡m-cy¯nð Rm³ At±-l-t¯mSp AKm-[-amb IrX-Ú-X-bpÅ-h-\m-Wv. {InkvXp-hnð At±-l-¯nsâ ktlm-Z-c-s\ó \ne-bnð Rm³ At±l¯nsâ kpµ-c-amb cN\ Gsä-Sp¡p-Ibpw kz´-ambn Nne-sXñmw Iq«n-t¨À¡p-IbpamWv sNbvXncn-¡p-óXv. a\p-jy-hw-i-¯nsâ ]mX-bnð Hcp shfn-¨-ambn ssZhw Xón-cn-¡pó hnizm-k-saó Aaqey\n-[n-bnð Xsâ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-còmsc _e-s¸-Sp¯m³ ]t{Xm-knsâ ]n³Km-an, Cósebpw Cópw \msfbpw Ft¸mgpw hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-óp.
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AXn-kzm-`m-hnI \nth-inX ]pWy-amb hnizm-k-saó ssZh-Zm-\-¯nð al-¯mb kvt\lw \ap¡p \evI-s¸-«ncn-¡p-óp-shópw Hcp \ñ hm¡v \t½mSp ]d-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡pópshópw B hm¡ns\ þ hN\w amwk-amb tbip-{InkvXp-hns\ þ \mw kzmKXw sN¿pt¼mÄ ]cn-ip-²mßmhp \s½ cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-ópshópw `mhn-bn-te-¡pÅ \½psS hgn-bnð {]Imiw sNcn-bp-ópshópw {]Xym-ibpsS NndInð kt´m-j-]qÀÆw B hgntb aptódm³ \ s½ ià-cm-¡p--ópshópw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-óp. A§s\ ss{IkvX-h-Po-hnXw ssZh-hp-a-mbpÅ k¼qÀW-amb sFIy-¯nte¡p aptódp-t¼mÄ hnizm-kw, {]Xymi, kvt\lw Fónh hnkva-b-I-c-ambn Cg-tNÀóv {]tNm-Z-Ii-àn-bm-bn-¯o-cp-óp. Fómð hnizmkw \½psS ap¼nð Xpd-óp-X-cpó Cu ]mX F§-s\-bp-Å-XmWv? hnP-b-Ichpw k^e--hp-amb Pohn-X-¯n-\pÅ bm{Xsb {]Im-i-]qÀ Wam-¡pó kpi-à-amb Cu {]Im-i-¯nsâ DXv]-¯n-sb´mWv?
19
hyàn-]-c-ambn \t½mSv CS-s]-Spó Hcp hN-\-t¯m-SpÅ þ \s½ t]cp sNmñn hnfn-¡pó -"A-hn-S-t¯m-SpÅ' \½psS {]Xyp-¯-c-amWv hnizm-kw. (No. 8)
\mw kvt\l-¯nð hniz-kn¨ncn-¡póp (cf 1
tbml 4:16)
A{_mlw: hnizm-k-¯nð \½psS ]nXmhv
8.
hnizmkw \½psS ap¼nð hgn Xpd-¡p-Ibpw Ime¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ \½psS Imðhbv]pI-tfmsSm¸w kô-cn¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp. AXp-sIm-ïv, hnizmkw F´m-sWóv a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \½Ä B{K-ln-¡p-óp-sï-¦nð AXnsâ kôm-c-]-Yw, hniz-mkn-IÄ kô-cn¨ hgn,- \mw ]n³sNñWw. AXv ]gb \nb-a-¯nð BZyta km£y-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn «pïtñm þ hnizm-k-¯nð \½psS ]nXm-hmb A{_m-l¯n\v ChnsS AXp-ey-amb Øm\-ap-ïv. At±-l-¯nsâ Pohn-X-¯nð Akz-Ø-X-bp-ïm-¡pó Hcp kw`-h-ap-ïm20
21
Ipóp: ssZhw At±-l-t¯mSp kwkm-cn-¡p-óp; kwkm-cn¡p-Ibpw t]cp-hn-fn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó Hcp ssZh-a-mbn Ahn -Sóv kzbw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp.
SpÅ {]Xyp-¯-c-saó \nebnð A{_m-l-¯nsâ hnizmkw F t¸mgpw kvac-W-bpsS Hcp IÀa ambncn¡pw. Fómð, Cu kva cW `qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-§-fnð am {Xw HXp-§p-óXñ, adn¨v Hcp hmKvZm-\-¯nsâ kvac-W-sbó \ne-bnð, Ncnt¡ï hgn-bnð shfn¨w hoin-s¡mïv `mhnsb Xpd-ónSm³ AXv {]m]vX-am-bn¯o-cp-óp. A§s\ `mhn-sb-¡pdn-¨pÅ kvacW (memoria futuri) sbó \ne-bnð hnizmkw F §s\ {]Xym-i-bp-ambn Ah -KmVw _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp-sh-óv \mw ImWp-óp.
hnizmkw tIÄhn-tbmSp _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. A{_mlw ssZhs¯ ImWpón-ñ. ]t£, Ahn-Ss¯ kzcw tIÄ ¡p-óp. A§s\ hnizmkw hyàn-]-c-amb Hcp Xew kzoI-cn¡p-óp. ssZhw Hcp {]tXyI- Ø-e-¯nsâ tZh-\-ñ; khnti-j-amb Hcp ka-b-t¯m-Sp- _-Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡pó Hcp tZhX-bpañ. ]nsótbm, -hyàn-bpsS ssZh-a-mWv; A{_m-l -¯n-sâbpw Ck-l-m¡n-sâbpw bmt¡m-_n-sâbpw ssZh -amWv. a\p-jy-t\mSp {]Xn-I-cn-¡m\pw a\p-jy-\p-ambn Hcp DS-¼Sn Øm]n-¡m\pw Ign-hp-Å-h-\m-Wv, Ahn-Só.v hyàn]-c-ambn \t½mSv CS-s]-Spó Hcp hN-\-t¯m-SpÅ þ \s½ t]cp sNmñn hnfn-¡pó -"A-hn-S-t¯m-SpÅ' \½psS {]Xyp¯-c-amWv hnizm-kw.
9.-
A-{_m-l-t¯mSp ]d-b-s¸« hN\w Hcp hnfnbpw hmKvZm-\hpw DÄs¡m-Åp-óp-ïv. Hóm-a-Xmbn, At±-l¯nsâ kz´w \mSv Dt]-£n-¡m-\pÅ hnfn-bm-W-Xv; ]pXnb Hcp Pohn-X-¯n-te-¡pÅ HutZym-KnI hnfn, ap³Iq«n ImWm³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp `mhnsb Nqïn-¡m-Wn-¡pó Hcp ]pd-¸m-Snsâ XpS-¡-w-. hnizmkw A{_m-l-¯n\p \evIpó ImgvN Ft¸mgpw Hcp-]Sn aptóm«p hbv¡p-óXnsâ Bhiy-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡póp: bm{X sN¿p-ón-S-t¯mfw hnizmkw "ImWp-óp'; ssZh-¯nsâ hN\w Xpd-óp- X-cpó N{I-hmf§-fn-te¡p {]th-in-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¡p-óX-\pk-cn¨v hnizmkw "ImWp-óp'. Cu hN\w Hcp hmKvZm-\w IqSn DÄs¡m-Åp-ópïv: \nsâ k´-Xn-IÄ kwJy-bnð hep-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw, \o hen-sbmcp P\-X-bpsS ]nXm-hm-bn¯ocpw (cf DXv] 13:16; 15:5; 22:17). -apt¼ Dïmb hN-\t¯m22
"ssZh-¯nepw Ahn-Ss¯ hmKvZm-\-§-fnepw hniz-kn-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jy³ hniz-kvX-\m-Wv; Xm³ hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv a\p-jy\p \evIp-t¼mÄ ssZhw hniz-kvX-\m-Wv'. hnip² AKÌn³ (AD 354 - AD 430)
10.
Cu hN\¯n\v Xsó ¯só kaÀ¸n-¡m\mWv A{_mlt¯mSv ssZhw Bh-iy-s¸«Xv. Gsd D]-cn-¹hhpw £WnIhp-saóp tXmópó Hcp hN\w hniz-kvXX- Xsóbmb ssZh¯mð ]d-b-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ kp\nÝn-Xhpw AN-ô-e-hp-ambn¯o cp-óp-shóv hnizmkw a\-Ênem-¡p-óp. Ncn-{X-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ \½psS bm{X-bpsS XpSÀ¨bv¡v CXv Dd-¸p -\evIp-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. \½psS ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯ensâ ASnØm-\- Dd-¸pÅ ]mdbmbpw 23
\ap¡p kô-cn-¡m-hpó t\tc-bpÅ cmP-ho-Yn-bmbpw Cu hN-\s¯ hnizmkw kzoI-cn-¡p-óp. ss__n-fnð hnizm-k-sa-óXn\v lo{_p-`m-j-bnð Fap-\ FómWp ]d-bp-óXv. "DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡pI' FóÀ°-apÅ Hcp [mXp-hnð \nóp-ïm-Ipó Aam³ Fó {Inb-bnð \nómWv B hm¡p-ïm-Ip-óXv. Fap-\m Fó ]Z-¯n\v ssZh-¯nsâ hniz-kvX-X-sbbpw a\p-jysâ hnizm-ks¯bpw kqNn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. hniz-kvX-\mb ssZh¯nsâ ssII-fnð kzbw kaÀ¸n-¨p-sImïv hnizm-k¯nsâ a\p-jy³ iàn k¼m-Zn-¡p-óp. Cu hm¡n-\pÅ Cc« AÀ°w CXn\p Xpey-amb ]nkvt¯mkv Fó {Ko¡p hm¡n\pw ^ntZ-enkv Fó e¯o³ hm¡n-\p-ap-ïv. Cu hm¡nsâ ZzbmÀ°w [z\n¸n-¨p-sImïv Pdp-k-se-anse hnip² kndnÄ ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w t]cp kzoI-cn-¡pó ss{IkvX-hsâ t{ijv-T-Xsb {]iw-kn-¡póp. cïp-t]cpw "hniz-kvX³' Fóp hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-óp.8 hnip² BK-kvXot\mkv C§s\ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡póp: "ssZh-¯nepw AhnSs¯ hmKvZm-\-§-fnepw hniz-kn-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jy³ hnizkvX-\m-Wv; Xm³ hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv a\p-jy\p \evIpt¼mÄ ssZhw hniz-kvX-\m-Wv'.9
11. A{_m-l-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse A´n-a- LSIw At±l-¯nsâ hnizmkw a\-Ên-em-¡p-óXn\v kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. ssZh-¯nsâ hN\w \ho-\-Xbpw hnkva-bhpw P\n-¸n¡pt¼mgpw A{_m-l-¯nsâ A\p-`-h-¯n\v AXv H«pw A\ya-ñ. Xsâ AkvXn-Xz-¯nsâ AI¡m-¼nð kZm- k-ón-lnX-am-bn-cpó AKm-[-amb Hcp hnfn-sb, XtómSp kwkm -cn-¡pó ssZh-¯nsâ i_vZ-¯nð B ]qÀh]nXmhv Xncn-¨dn-ªp. "hmKvZm\ ]qÀWXm' \nd-hmbn Ft¸mgpw ]cnKWn ¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ, ]pXpPohnXs¯ P\n-¸n-¡pó amXrXz]nXr24
Xz-saó a\p-jy-Po-hn-XXe-hp-ambn ssZhw Xsâ hmKvZm-\ s¯ _Ôn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óp. "\nsâ `mcy- kmdm Xsó \n\¡v Hcp ]p{Xs\ {]k-hn-¡pw. \o Ahs\ Ck-lm¡v Fóp t]cp hnfn¡pw"(DXv] 17:19). A{_m-l-t¯mSv k¼qÀW hniz-kvXX Bh-iy-s¸-Spó ssZhw Fñm Poh-sâbpw Ddhn-S-ambn Xsó¯só shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp. A§s\ hnizmkw kIe krjvSn-Pm-e-§-Ä¡pw Akv XnXzw \evIpó ssZh-¯nsâ ]nXr-Xz-hp-ambn tImÀ¯nW¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. A{_m-ls¯ hnfn-¡pó ssZhw {kjv Sm-hm-Wv; "AkvXn-Xz-anñm¯ hkvXp-¡sf AkvXn-Xz-¯nte¡p hnfn-¡pó'h-\m-Wv (tdmam 4:17). "temI-Øm-]-\-¯n\p-ap-¼p-Xsó \s½ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw \mw Xsâ ]p{Xcmbn Zs¯-Sp-¡-s¸-S-W-saóv ap³Iq«n \nÝ-bn-¡p-Ibpw' (Ft^ 1:4þ5) sNbvX-h-\m-Wv. A{_m-ls¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-St¯mfw ssZh-¯n-epÅ hnizmkw At±-l-¯nsâ AkvXnXz-¯nsâ AKm-[-X-e-§-fn-te¡p shfn¨w hoip-óp. \òbpsS Dd-hsb kIe hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw {]`h¯n-ð Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ AXv At±-ls¯ {]m]vX-\m-¡p-óp. Xsâ PohnXw AkvXn-Xz-c-mln-Xy¯nsâtbm BI-kvan-I-X-bp -sStbm DXv]-óa-ñ. adn-¨v, hyàn-]-c-amb Hcp hnfn-bpsSbpw hyàn-]-c-amb kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw ^e-am-sWóv Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ AXp At±-ls¯ ià-\m-¡p-óp. At±-ls¯ hnfn¨ \nKq-V-\mb ssZhw A\y-\mb Hcp ssZh-a-ñ; ]nsótbm AkvXn-Xz-apÅ kI-e-¯n-sâbpw Dd-hn-Shpw Bew-_hp-am-Wv. A{_m-l-¯n-sâ hnizm-kwt\cn« Aán]co£ þ Xsâ ]p{X³ Ck-lm-¡ns\ _en-bÀ¸n-¡-W-saóXv þ ac-W-¯n-\-¸p-d-¯p-t]mepw Poh³ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ Ign-hpÅ Cu BZn-a-kvt\-l¯nsâ hnkvXrXn hyà-ambn ImWn¡póp: "arX{]mb 25
-\mb' Hcp-h\v kmdm-bpsS KÀ`-]m-{X-¯nsâ "hÔy-X-bnð' (cf tdmam 4:19) ]p{Xs\ DbÀ¯m³ Ign-bpó hm¡n\v Fñm `oj-Wn¡pw A]-I-S-¯n\pw AXo-X-am-bn- Hcp `mhn-sb-¡pdn-¨pÅ Ahn-Ss¯ hmKvZm-\-t¯mSp hniz-kvXX ]peÀ ¯m\pw BIpw (cf sl{_m 11:19; tdmam 4:21).
C{kmtb-ensâ hnizmkw
12.
]pd-¸m-Sp {KÙ-¯nð ImWpó C{km-tbð P\-XbpsS Ncn{Xw A{_m-l-¯nsâ hnizmk¯nsâ hgn ]nsô ñp-óp. hnizmkw hoïpw BZnaZm\-¯nð \nóp P\n¡p-óp: Xsâ P\-Xsb Ah-cpsS Zpcn-X-¯nð \nóp kzX{´-cm¡p-saóp hmKvZm\w sN¿pó ssZh¯nð C{kmtbð B{i-bn-¡p-óp. kpZoÀL-amb Hcp bm{X-bv¡pÅ hnfn-bm-bn-¯o-cpóp hnizm-kw. B bm{X ko\mbv ae-bnð h¨v IÀ¯m-hns\ Bcm-[n-¡póXnte¡pw hmKvZ-¯-`q-anbpsS Ah-Im-i-e-_v[n-bn-te¡pw \bn-¡pó Hóm-Wv. bm{X -bnð Xsâ inip-hns\ hln-¨p- sIm-ïp-t]m-Ipó ]nXmhn-sâ kvt\lw t]msebmWv ssZh-kvt\-lw (cf \n-bam 1:31). C{km-tbð P\-X-bpsS hnizm-k¯nsâ Gäp-]-d-¨nð Xsâ P\s¯ kzX-{´-cm-¡p-Ibpw AhcpsS hgn-Im-«nbmbn hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó ssZh-¯nsâ {]hÀ¯-\§-fpsS hnh-c-W-ambn, Hcp Xe-apdbnð\nóv ASp¯ X-eap-dbnte¡v ssIam-äw sN¿pó Hómbn, C{km-tb-ensâ hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]\w cq]w sImÅpw (cf \n-bam 26:5-11). amXm-]n-Xm-¡òmcnð \nóv AXv Ip«n-I-fn-te¡p ssIam-äw- sN¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Bcm-[-\-bnð A\p-kva-cn-¡-s¸-SpIbpw BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pó IÀ¯mhnsâ ià-amb {]hr¯n-I-fp-sS- kvacWbn-eq-sS-bmWv ssZh¯nsâ shfn¨w C{km-tb-en-\mbn {]Im-in-¡p-óXv. hnizm26
k-sh-fn¨w aqÀ¯-amb Pohn-X-I-Y-I-tfmSpw ssZh-¯nsâ ià-amb {]hr-¯n-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Ahn-Ss¯ hmKvZm-\§-fpsS {Iam-\p-K-X-amb ]qÀ¯o-I-c-W-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ IrX-Ú-Xm-\nÀ`-c-amb HmÀ½-tbmSpw F§s\ _Ô-s¸«n-cn-¡p-óp-shóv ChnsS \mw ImWp-óp. tKmYnIv inev]hnZy CXn\v hyà-amb {]Im-i\w \evIn-bn-«p-ïv: henb I¯o-{U-ep-I-fnð {]Imiw kzÀK-¯nð \nóv, c£m-N-cn {Xw Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡pó Pme-I-§fn-eqsS- IS-óv, Xmtg¡p hcp-óp. ssZh-¯nsâ {]Imiw Ahn-Ss¯ kzbw shfn-s¸Sp-¯-ensâ hnh-c-W-¯n-eqsS \½n-te¡v hcp-óp. A§s\ Ahn-Ss¯ Zm\-§sf A\p-kva-cn-¸n-¨p-sImïpw Ahn-Sóv Xsâ hmKvZm-\-§Ä F§s\ km£m-XvI-cn-¡p-óp-shóp sXfn-bn-¨p-sImïpw Ime-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ \½psS bm{Xsb {]Im-in-¸n-¡m³ AXv Ign-hp-ä-Xm-bn-¯o-cp-óp.
13. C{km-tb-ensâ Ncn{Xw, B P-\X Hón-tesd XhW hnt[-b-cm-bn-t¸mb Ahn-izm-k-¯nsâ {]tem-`-\-s¯-¡pdn¨pw \ap¡v Adn-hp-X-cp-óp-ïv. ChnsS hnizm-k-¯n\p hncp-²-am-b-Xns\ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bm-bn-«mWv Ah-X-cn¸n¨ncn-¡p-óXv. tami ko\mbv ae-bnð h¨v ssZh-t¯mSp kwkmcn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ P\§Ä¡v ssZh-¯nsâ \nKqVXbpsS clkyw Xm§phm-\m-hpónñ. AhnSs¯ apJw ImWm-\pÅ Im¯n-cn¸v AhÀ¡v Ak-ly-am-bn. ImgvN \ap¡p Xcp-saóv tXmón-¡p-óh-bpsS s]s«-ópÅ ssI b-S-¡ð Dt]-£n-¡-W-w. hnizmkw {]IrXym Bh-iy-s¸Sp-ó Hcp Imcy-apïv: X¡-Im-e¯v Xsó¯só hyàn-]c-ambn shfn-s¸-Sp-¯pó apJ-¯nsâ cl-kys¯ BZ-cn¨p-sIm-ïv {]Im-i-¯nsâ Dd-hn-S-¯n-te¡p Xncn-bm-\pÅ £W-am-WXv.
27
"apJ-añm¯ apJs¯ t\m¡n Hcp-apJw kwkm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ' Dïm-Ip-óXmWv hn{K-lm-cm-[\. amÀ«n³ _q_À (blqZ XXzÚm\n 1878-1963)
28
tIm¡nse dºn \evInb hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS \nÀh-N\w amÀ«n³ _q_À Hcn-¡ð D²cn-¡p-I-bp-ïmbn: "apJ-añm¯ apJs¯ t\m¡n Hcp-apJw kw km-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ'10 Dïm-Ip-ó XmWv hn{K-lm-cm-[\. ChnsS ssZh-¯nð hniz-kn-¡p-óXn\p ]Icw Hcp hn{K-ls¯ Bcm[n-¡p-óXmWv IqSp-Xð \ñsXó tXmóep-ïmIpóp. hn{K -l-¯nsâ apJ-t¯¡p \ap¡v t\cn«p t\m¡mw! AXnsâ DXv ]¯n \ap¡v Adn-bmw. Imc-Ww, AXv \½psS ssII-fpsS thebmWv! \½psS kpc-£n-XXzw Dt]-£n-¡m³ \t½mSv Bhiy-s¸-Sp-saó A]-I-S-km-[yX Hcp hn{Kl-¯nsâ ap¼n-en-ñ. Fs´-ómð hn{K-l-§Ä¡v "hmbv-I-fpïv; ]t£, Ahbv¡v kwkm-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bnñ' (k¦o 115:5). bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ tI{µ-¯nð \s½-¯só {]XnjvTn-¡m\pw \½p-sS-Xsó Icth-esb Bcm-[n-¡m-\p-apÅ apS-¡p-\ym-b-am-bn-«mWv hn{K-l§Ä \ne-sIm-Åp-ósXóp \mw ImWp-óp.
a\p-jy\v Xsâ AkvXn-Xzs¯ GIo-Ir-X-am-¡pó auen-I-Zni \jvS-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, Xsâ B{K-l-§-fpsS _mlpey-¯n-te¡v Ah³ XIÀóp-ho-gpóp; hmKvZm-\-¯nsâ Ime-¯n\m-bpÅ Im¯n-cn¸v Dt]£n-¡p-t\zmÄ Ahsâ Pohn-X-IY ]c-kv]c_Ô-an-ñm¯ AkwJyw Ij-W-§fmbn Onó`n-óam-bn-¯o-cpóp. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ft¸mgpw _lp-tZ-h-Xm-hm-Z-am-Wv þ Hcp bP-am-\-\nð \nóp asämcp bP-am-\-\n-te-¡p-Å- e-£y-an-ñm¯ IS-óp-t]m-I-ð. hn{Klm-cm-[\ Hcp bm{Xbñ hmKvZm\w sN¿p-óXv ]nsótbm, Hcn-S¯pw F¯n-¡m-¯, Npän-¨p-gepw hgn-I-fpsS AXn_m lp-ey-am-Wv. "\o Fónð hnizm-k-aÀ¸n-¡pI' Fóv Bt{Im -in-¡pó AkwJyw hn{K-l-§-fnð \nópÅ apg-¡ambncn¡pw ssZh-¯nð hnizm-k-aÀ¸n-¡m³ CjvS-s¸-Sm¯-hÀ tIÄt¡-ïnh-cp-óXv. am\-km-´-c-t¯mSp _Ôs¸-«n-cn-¡p-óXn\mð hnizmkw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bv¡p hn]co-X-am-Wv. hyàn-]-c-amb Iïp-ap-«-enð kPo-h-\mb ssZh¯n-te¡p Xncn-bp-óXn-\p-th-ïn- hn{K-l-§-fp-am-bpÅ _Ôw hntÑ-Zn-¡p-óp. Ft¸mgpw kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw £an-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó, \½psS Pohn-X§sf Xm§n \ndp-¯p-Ibpw \bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿ó, \½psS Ncn-{X-¯nsâ hfª hc-Isf t\sc-bm¡m-\pÅ Xsâ Ignhp {]I-Sn-¸n-¡pó Icp-Wm]qcnXamb kvt\l-¯n\v kzbw `c-ta-ev]n-¡pIsbóXm-Wv hniz-kn¡p-I-sb-óXnsâ AÀ°w. ssZh-¯nsâ hnfn-bmð \nc´cw cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sm\pw \ho-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sm\pw kzbw kaÀ ¸n-¡m-\pÅ kó²-X-bn-emWv hnizmkw DÄs¡m-ïn-cn¡p-óXv. ChnsS Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-apïv: IÀ¯m-hn-te¡p \nc-´cw Xncn-bp-óXp-hgn, hn{K-l-§Ä \½psS tað Npa¯nb Acm-P-I-Xz-¯nð \nóv \s½ kzX-{´-cm-¡p-ó kp\nÝn-X-amb Hcp hgn \mw Isï-¯p-óp. 29
14.
a[y-Ø-\mb tamisb¡qSn- C{km-tb-ensâ hnizmk-¯nð \mw I-ïp-ap-«p-óp-ïv. ssZh-¯nsâ apJw P\¯n\p ImWm³ Ign-bp-ón-ñm-bn-cn-¡mw. ae-bnð h¨v tamibmWv bmlvthtbmSp kwkm-cn-¡p-óXpw IÀ¯m-hnsâ CjvS-sa-s´óv XpSÀóp P\-t¯mSp ]d-bp-óXpw. X§fpsSbnS-bn-se a[y-Øsâ Cu kmón-[y-¯nð Hón¨v sFIy-t¯msS bm{Xs-N-¿m³ C{km-tbðP\w ]Tn-¡p-óp. hyàn-bpsS hnizm-k-{]-hr¯n kaq-l-¯nð, P\-¯nsâ s]mXp-hmb "\½nð', Øm\w Isï-¯p-óp. AhÀ hnizmk-¯nð Hä-hy-àn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. C{km-tbð¡m-sc-sbñmw "Fsâ {]Y-a-Pm-X-\mb ]p{X³' Fóv ssZhw hnti-jn-¸n¡p-óp-ïtñm (cf ]pd 4:22). ChnsS a[y-ØX Hcp XS-Êa-ñ, Hcp Xpd-hmWv: aäp-Å-h-cp-am-bpÅ \½psS Iïp-ap-«en-eqsS \½psS t\m«w \s½-¡mÄ henb Hcp kXy-¯nte-¡v Db-cpóp. X\n¡p t\cn«v ssZhs¯ ImWm³ ]äp-ón-sñóv dqtkm Hcn-¡ð hne-]n-¨p. AbmÄ ]dªp: "ssZh-¯nsâbpw Fsâbpw a[y-¯nð F{Xtbm a\p-jy-cm-Wp-ÅXv!'11 "jmMv jmIvkv dqtkm-tbmSp kwkm-cn-¡p-óXn\v ssZhw tamisb Iïp-]n-Sn-¡p-I-sb-óXv bYmÀ°-¯nð efn-Xhpw kzm`mhn-I-hp-amb Hcp Imcy-amtWm?'12 Adn-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨ hyànKXhpw (Individualistic) k¦p-Nn-X-hp-amb [mc-W- ]pe À¯p-ón-S¯v a[y-Ø-X-bpsS AÀ°w þ asäm-cm-fpsS ho£ W-¯nð ]¦p-tN-cm-\pÅ Ign-hv, kvt\l-¯n-sâ Xsó Adnhm-bn-cn-¡pó ]¦p-h-bv¡-s¸« Adnhv þ hne-a-Xn-¡m-\mhn-ñ. ssZh¯nsâ kuP-\y-Zm\-am-Wv hnizmkw. ssZhhpw a\pjy-hw-i-hp-a-mbpÅ Iïp-ap-«-en-sâ {]Im-i-]qÀW-amb hgn Xsóbmb c£m-N-cn{Xw ImWm\pÅ hn\-bhpw hniz-kn¡m\pw kzbw kaÀ¸n-¡m-\p-apÅ [oc-X-bpw- AXn\v B-hiyapïv. 30
ss{IkvXh -hn-izm-k-¯nsâ ]qÀWX
15.
"Fsâ Znhkw ImWm-'saó {]Xo-£-bnð...A-{_mlw B\µn-¨p. Ah³ AXp- Im-Wp-Ibpw kt´mjn¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp' (tbml 8:56). A{_m-l-¯nsâ hnizmkw tbip-hnte¡v Dòq-J-am-bn--cpóp. HcÀ°-¯nð Ahn-Ss¯ clkyw AXp ap³Iq-«n-I-ïp. hnip² BK-kvXo-t\mkv CXp a\-Ên-em-¡nbXp-sIm-ïmWv Xmsg-¸-d-bpó {]kvXmh\ \S-¯n-bXv. "]qÀh-]n-Xm-¡òmÀ hnizm-kw-sImïp c£n -¡-s¸-«p þ kam-KX-\mb {InkvXp-hn-epÅ hnizm-kw -sIm-ï ñ hcm-\ncn¡pó {InkvXp-hn-epÅ hnizmkwsImïv, `mhnbn-se tbip-kw`-h¯nte¡v \o§pó hnizm-kw-sIm-ïpXsó'.13 ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkw tbip-hnð tI{µo-Ir-Xam-Wv. tbip IÀ¯m-hmsWópw ssZhw Ahn-Ss¯ arX-cnð \nóv Dbn À¸n-¨p-sh-óp-apÅ Gäp-]-d-¨nemWXv (cf tdmam 10:9). ]gb-\n-b-a-¯nse Fñm Nn´m-[mc-Ifpw {InkvXp-hnð ka\z-bn-¡póp. Ahn-Sóv Fñm hmKvZm-\-§Ä¡p-apÅ kp\nÝn-X-amb "AtX' BWv, ssZh-t¯mSpÅ \½psS BXy´n-I-amb "Bt½³' ]d-¨n-ensâ ASn-Øm\w BWv (cf tImdn 1:20). tbip-hnsâ Ncn{Xw ssZh-¯nsâ hnizm-ky-XbpsS k¼qÀW-amb shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-emWv. X§-fpsS Gäp]-d-¨nensâ -tI{µambn `hn-¨Xpw hnizm-k-¯nsâ ho£Ww hnim-e-am-¡nbXp-amb ssZh-kvt\l-¯nsâ al¯mb {]hr-¯n-I-fmWv C{km-tbð HmÀ½n¨p-sIm-ïn-cn¡p-ósX¦nð, tbip-hnsâ Pohn-X-am-I-s«, ssZh-¯nsâ BXy-´n-I-amb CS-s]-S-ensâ Øm\hpw \t½m-SpÅ Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\l-¯nsâ ]c-a-amb {]Im-i-\hpw Bbn-cn¡p-óp. tbip-hnð ssZhw \t½mSp ]d-bpó hN\w tIhew At\Iw hm¡p-I-fnð Hóñ. ]nsótbm Ahn31
Ss¯ \nXy-h-N-\-amWv (cf sl{_m 1:1-2). hnip² ]utemkv \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-óXp-t]mse, ssZh-¯n\p Xsâ kvt\l-¯n\v CXnð IqSp-Xð Kymcïn \evIp-hm-\nñ (cf tdmam 8:31-39). A§s\ ss{IkvXhhnizm-ksaóXv, kw-]qÀW-kvt\ l-¯nepw AXn-sâ- ^e-Zm-bIiàn-bnepw, temIs¯ cq]m-´cs¸Sp-¯m\pw Imes¯ {]Im-in-¸n-¡m-\p-apÅ AXnsâ Ign-hn-ep-apÅ hnizm-k-am-Wv. "ssZh-¯n\p \t½mSpÅ kvt\lw \mw Adn-bp-Ibpw AXnð \mw hniz-kn¡pI-bpw- sN-bvXn-cn-¡póp' (1 tbml 4:16). tbip-hnð shfnhm¡-s¸« ssZh-kvt\-l-¯nemWv, Fñm bmYmÀ°yhpw AXnsâ A´n-a-`m-K-t[-bhpw ASn-Øm-\s¸Sp-¯m-hpó ASn-¯d hnizmkw ImWp-óXv.
16.
{InkvXp-hnsâ kvt\l-¯n-\pÅ hnizm-ky-X-bpsS Gähpw hy-à-amb sXfnhv \ap-¡p-th-ïn-bpÅ Ahn-Ss¯ ac-W¯n-em-Wv I-sï-t¯-ï-Xv. Hcp-h³ Xsâ kplr¯p ¡Ä¡p-thïn Poh³ XyPn-¡p-óXv kvt\l-¯nsâ ]c-aamb sXfn-hmWv (cf tbml 15:13). A§-s\-sb-¦nð, tbip Fñm-hÀ¡pw- thïn, Xsâ i{Xp-¡Ä¡p-thïnt]mepw, AhcpsS lrZbw ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿n¡m³th-ïn, Poh³ kaÀ¸n-¨p. hnizm-k-ho-£-W-¯nsâ ]caImjvT-bmbn {InkvXp-hnsâ {Iqim-tcm-l-W-¯nsâ aWn-¡q-dns\ kphnti-j-IòmÀ IïXv F´p-sIm-ïmsWóv CXp hyà-am¡p-óp. B aWn-¡p-dnð ssZh-¯n-\pÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ Bghpw hoXnbpw {]Imin-¸n-¡-s¸«p. At¸m-gmWv hnip² tbml-óm³, tbiphnsâ A½-tbm-sSm¸w apdn-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸«-hs\ [ym\n¨v Xsâ DZm-¯-amb km£yw \evIn-b-Xv (cf tbml 19:37). "CXp-I-ï- Bįsó km£y-s¸-Sp-¯nbn-cn-¡p-óp. Ahsâ km£yw kXy-hp-amWv...-Xm³ kXy32
amWp ]d-bp-ósXóv Ah³ Adn-bp-Ibpw sN¿póp' (tbml 19:35). sZkvsXb-hvkvInbpsS "Z CUn-bäv' Fó IrXn-bnð, lm³kv tlmÄs_bn³ Zv bwKÀ hc¨ {InkvXp acn¨v Iñ-d -bnð InS-¡pó Nn{Xw ankvIn³ cmP-Ip-am-c³ Iïn«v ]dbp-óp: "B Nn{X-¯n-te¡p t\m¡p-óXv Hcp-h\p Xsâ hnizmkw \jvS-s¸-Sm³ Imc-W-am-Ipw'.14 acWw {InkvXphnsâ ico-c-¯nð Gev]n¨ hn\m-i-I-c-amb ^e-§-fpsS _o`-Õ-amb Nn{Xo-I-cW-amWv B Nn{X-¯n-ep-Å-Xv. Fómepw tbip-hnsâ ac-W-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ [ym\-¯nemWv IrXy-ambn hnizmkw IqSp-Xð iàn {]m]n-¡p-óXpw I®-ôn-¸n-¡pó {]Imiw kzoI-cn-¡p-óXpw. At¸m gmWv hnizm-k-sa-óXv {InkvXp-hn\p \t½m-SpÅ AN-ôe -kvt\-l-¯n-epÅ hnizm-k-ambn shfn--s¸-SpóXv. Fsó F´p-am{Xw kvt\ln-¡póp-shóv t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ thïn ac-W-¯n-\p- ap-¼nð ]n³ hm-§m¯ Cu kvt\l-¯nð hniz-kn-¡pI km[y-am-Wv. {InkvXp-hnsâ k¼qÀW- Bß-Zm\amb acWw Fñm kwib-s¯bpw Iog-S-¡p-Ibpw Ahn-S-t¯¡v Fsó¯só ]qÀWambn `c-taev]n-¡m³ Fsó ià-\m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp.
17.
{InkvXp-hnsâ D°m\¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n-emWv Ahn-Ss¯ acWw ssZh-kvt\-l-¯n-sâ XnIª hnizmky-X shfn-hm-¡p-óXv. D°n-X-s\ó \ne-bnð {InkvXp hniz-m-ky-tbmKy-\mb hnizkvX km£n-bpam-Wv (cf shfn 1:5; sl{_m 2:17). \½psS hnizm-k-¯n\v Dd-¸pÅ Xm§p-amWv. "{InkvXp DbnÀ¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«n-sñ-¦nð \n§-fpsS hnizmkw hyÀ°-amWv' (1 tImdn 15:17) Fóv hnip² ]utemkv Çolm ]d-bp-óp. ]nXm-hnsâ kvt\lw {InkvXp-hns\ 33
I-bp-an-ñ. \mw Ahn-S-ónð hnizknt¨m Cñtbm FóXv Hcp hyXym-k-w t]mepw hcp-¯p-I-bpan-ñ. t\tcadn¨v, ss{IkvX-hÀ ssZh-¯nsâ kv]Ài-\o-bhpw kpi-à-hp-amb kvt\l-¯nepÅ hnizmkw Gäp]d-bp-óp. B kvt\lw bYmÀ°-¯nð Ncn-{X-¯nð {]hÀ¯n-¡p-óXpw AXnsâ A´n-a-`m-K-t[bw \nÝ -bn-¡p-óXp-am-Wv. Iïp-ap-«m-\mhpóXpw {InkvXp-hnsâ ]oUm-kl-\-¯nepw ac-W-¯nepw D°m\-¯nepw ]qÀW-ambn shfn-hm -¡-s¸«Xpamb kvt\l-am-W-Xv.
acn-¨-hcnð \nóv DbnÀ¸n-¨nñm-bn-cp-ópsh-¦nð, AhnSs¯ ico-c-¯n\v Poh-³ hoïpw \evIm³ Ign-bp-am-bncp-ón-sñ-¦nð AXv ac-W¯nsâ ¾m\-Xsb {]Im-in-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-ó XnI¨pw hnizm-ky-amb kvt\l-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-ón-ñ. hnip² ]utemkv Çolm {InkvXp-hn-epÅ Xsâ ]pXnb Poh-nXs¯-¡p-dn¨p hnh-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ "Fsó kvt\ln¡p-I-bpw- F-\n-¡p-thïn Xsó¯só _en-bÀ¸n-¡pIbpw sNbvX' (Kem 2:20) ssZh-]p-{X-s\-¸än ]d-bp-ópïv. "ssZh-]p-{X-\n-epÅ hnizmkw' FóXnsâ AÀ°w ]utemkn\v tbiphnepÅ hnizm-k-am-sW-óXv hyà-am-Wv. Fómð, {InkvXpXsó hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-\m-sW-óXpw AXp ap³Iq«n k¦-ev]n-¡p-óp-ïv. ac-Ww-hsc \s½ kvt\ln-¨p-sh-óXnð am{X-añ, Ahn-Ss¯ ssZh-]p-{X-Xz¯n-epw A[njvTnX-amWv Cu hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-X. tbip ssZh-]p-{X-\m-b-Xp-sImïpw Ahn-Sóv ]nXm-hnð ]qÀWambn thcp-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXp-sImïpw XsóbmWv acWs¯ Iog-S-¡m\pw Pohs\ ]qÀW-Xbnð {]Im-in-¸n¡m\pw Ahn-S-t¯¡p Ign-ªXv. ssZh-¯nsâ kv]jvS-amb kmón-[y-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw \½psS temI-¯nð Ahn-Sóp \S-¯pó {]hÀ¯-\-s¯¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ t_m[w \½psS kwkvIm-c-¯n\p \jvS-s¸«n-cn-¡p-óp. \½psS A\p-Zn-\-_-Ô-§-fnð \nóp Gsd AIóp Cu temI-¯n-\-¸p-d¯v -bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ asämcp Xe-¯nemWv ssZhs¯ Isï-¯pósX-ómWv \mw Icp-Xp-óXv. ]t£, CXm-bn-cpóp Ah-Øsb-¦nð, temI¯nð {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ ssZhw Ai-à-\m-bn-cpsó¦nð, Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\lw hmkvXh-¯nð iàhpw -bYmÀ°hpw kXyw t]mepw- B-Ip-am-bn-cp-ónñ. AXv hmKvZm\w sN¿pó B\µw \evIm³ Ign-hpÅ kvt\l-am-bn-cn¡p34
tbip-hns\ shdpsX Däp-t\m¡eñ hnizmkw; adn¨v tbip kz´w I®p-I-fmð ImWp-óXp-t]mse Fñmw ZÀin-¡p-óXm-WXv: AhnS-s¯ ImgvN-¸m-Sn-epÅ ]¦p-]-ä-em-W-Xv.
18.
hnizm-k-¯n\p tbip{InkvXp \evIpó Cu ]qÀW-X bv¡v \nÀWm-b-I-amb asämcp hiw IqSn-bp-ïv. hn-izm-k-s¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw, ssZhkvt\l-¯nsâ ]c-a-amb shfn s¸-S-emb -{In-kvXp - \mw hnizm-kaÀ¸n-¡pó tIhew Hcp hyàn am{X-añ; hniz-kn-¡p-óXn-\p-thïn-¯só \mw Ahn-S-óp-ambn sFIy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp. tbip-hns\ shdpsX Däp-t\m ¡eñ hnizmkw; adn¨v tbip kz´w I®p-I-fmð ImWp-óXpt]mse Fñmw ZÀin-¡p-ó 35
Xm-WXv: AhnS-s¯ ImgvN-¸m-Sn-epÅ ]¦p-]-ä-em-W-Xv. Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]e aWvU-e-§-fnepw \s½-¡mÄ IqSpXð Adn-hp-Å-hsc \mw hniz-kn-¡mdp-ïv. \½psS hoSp ]Wn-bpó BÀ¡n-sS-Iväns\bpw kuJy¯n\ pthïn acpóp Xcpó ^mÀa-kn-Ìn-s\bpw tImSXn-bnð \ap-¡p-thïn hmZn-¡pó h¡o-en-s\bpw \mw hiz-kn-¡póp. ssZhs¯ kw_-Ôn¨ Imcy-§-fnepw hnizm-ky\pw hnZKv[-\p-amb Hcp hyànsb \ap¡v Bhiy-ap-ïv. ssZh-]p-{X-\mb tbip ssZh-s¯-¡p-dn¨v \s½ Adn-bn-¡pó hyàn-bmWv (cf tbml 1:18). {InkvXp-hnsâ Pohn-Xw þ Ahn-Sóv ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bp-Ibpw ]nXm-hpambn ]cn]qÀW _Ô-¯nð Pohn¡p-Ibpw- sN¿pó Ahn-Ss¯ coXn þ - a-\p-jym-\p`-h-¯n\p ]p-Xn-sbmcp ho£-W-coXn Xpdóp Xcp-óp. \ap¡v AhntSbv¡p ISóp sNñm-\m-Ipw. "hniz-kn-¡p-I'- Fó {Inb-bpsS hnhn-[-cq-]-§Ä D]-tbm -Kn-¨psImïvv hnip² tbml-óm³ \½psS hnizm-k¯n\v tbip-hp-am-bpÅ Hcp sshb-ànI _Ô-¯nsâ {]m[m\yw hyà-am-¡p-óp-ïv. tbip \t½mSp ]d-bp-óXv kXy-amsWóv "hniz-kn-¡póXn\p ]pdta, tbip-hns\ hniz-kn¡pó'-Xn-s\bpw tbip-hnð "hniz-kn-¡p-ó'-Xn-s\-bpw Ipdn¨v hnip² tbml-óm³ ]d-bp-óp. Ahn-Ss¯ hm¡pw km£yhpw kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ \mw tbip-hns\ hniz-kn¡p-óp. Fs´-ómð Ahn-Sóv kXy-hm-\m-Wv. \mw tbiphns\ hyàn-]-c-ambn \½psS Pohn-X-¯n-te¡p kzmKXw sN¿p-t¼mgpw Ahn-Són -te¡p kô-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw kvt\ l-¯nð Ahn-S-t¯mSv H«nt-¨-cp-t¼mgpw ]mX-bnð AhnSs¯ Ime-Sn-Isf ]n³sN-ñp-t¼mgpw \mw tbip-hnð hnizkn-¡p-óp.
36
\mw Ahn-Ss¯ Adn-bm\pw kzoI-cn-¡m\pw A\p-K-an¡m\pw thïn \½psS icocw ssZh-]p-{X³ kzoI-cn-¨p. Cu hn-[-¯nð Ime-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ Hcp bm{X-bpsS ] Ým-¯-e-¯nð, ]nXm-hn-s\¡pdn-¨pÅ Ahn-Ss¯ ho£W-¯n\v Hcp am\p-jn-am\hpw ssIh-óp. ss{IkvX-h-hnizm-k-sa-óXv ssZh-h-N-\¯nsâ a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-¯nepw Ahn-Ss¯ imco-cnI D°m-\-¯n-ep-apÅ hnizm-k-am-Wv. \½psS am\p-jn-I-N-cn-{X-¯nð {]th-in-¡-¯-¡-hn[w \t½mSv Dä-_-Ô-apÅ Hcp ssZh-¯n-epÅ hnizm-k-amW-Xv. \{k-¯nse tbip-hnð a\p-jy-\m-bn-¯oÀó ssZh]p-{X-\n-epÅ \½psS hnizmkw \s½ bmYmÀ°y-¯nð \nóv thÀs]-Sp-¯p-I-bñ, adn¨v AXnsâ AXy-Km-[-amb AÀ°w {Kln-¡m³ \s½ klm-bn-¡pIbmWv sN¿póXv. ssZhw Cu temIs¯ F{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-¡p-ópshópw AXns\ Xón-te¡p \nc-´cw \bn-¡p-óp-sh-ópw {Kln-¡m³ \s½ Ign-hp-Å-h-cm-¡p-óp. ss{IkvX-h-scó \ne-bnð CXv \s½ hÀ[-am-\-amb kaÀ¸-W-_p-²ntbmSpw Xo{h-X-tbmSpw IqSn- Cu temI-¯nð Pohn-X-w \ bn-¡m³-t{]cn-¸n¡póp.
hnizmk¯mepÅ c£
19. tbip Imcy-§Ä ImWpó coXn-bn-epÅ ]¦p-tN-c-ensâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nð hnip² ]utemkv hnizm-k-Po-hn-X¯nsâ Hcp hnh-cWw \ap¡p \evIn-bn-«p-ïv. hnizm-k-Zm\w kzo-Icn¡póXv hgn hnizm-kn-IÄ Hcp ]pXnb krjvSn-bmbn-¯o-cp-óp; Hcp ]pXnb AkvXnXzw AhÀ kzoI-cn-¡p-óp. ssZh-¯nsâ a¡-sfó \ne-bnð AhÀ Ct¸mÄ "-]p-{X-\nð ]p{X-cmWv'. tbip-hnsâ A\p-`-h-¯n-sâ khn-ti-j-X-bmb "Aºm, ]nXmth' Fó ssien Ct¸mÄ ss{IkvX-hm-\p-`-h¯nsâ aÀ½-am-bn-¯o-cpóp (cf tdmam 8:15). hnizm-k-Po-hnXw 37
]p{X-k-l-P-amb AkvXn-Xz-saó \ne-bnð, a\p-jym-kvXn -Xz-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-am-bn-cn-¡pó BZn-ahpw auen-I-hpamb Zm\s¯ AwKo-I-cn¡-em-Wv. sImdn-t´m-kp-Im-tcmSpÅ hnip² ]utem-knsâ tNmZy-¯nð CXv hyà-ambn \mw ImWpóp: "\n§Ä kzoI-cn-¡m-¯-Xmbn \n§Ä¡v F´mWp-ÅXv?' (1 tImdn 4:7). ^cn-tk-b-cp-am-bn hnip² ]utemkv \S-¯nb XÀ¡-¯nsâ aÀ½w CXmbncpóp-: c£ t\Sp-óXv hnizm-k-¯m-emtWm AtXm \nb-a-¯nsâ {]hr-¯nI-fm-emtWm? kz´w {]hr-¯n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\-¯nð ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-¼msI X§Ä \oXo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-hcm-sWóp Icp-Xp-óh-cpsS at\m-`m-hs¯ ]utemkp XÅn¡-f-bp-óp. A¯cw Bfp-IÄ Iev]-\-IÄ A\p-k-cn-¡p-Ibpw kXvIÀ½-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄt]mepw AhÀ X§-sf-¯só tI{µ-Øm-\¯p \ndp-¯p-óp. \òbpsS t{kmXkv ssZh-amsWóv AhÀ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-ón-ñ. Cu hn[-¯nð Pohn-¡p-óhÀ, kzbw \oXn-bpsS Dd-hnSw Bbn-cn-¡m³ B{K-ln-¡p-óhÀ, kz´w \oXn s]s«óp XI-cp-óp-shópw \nbaw ]men-¡m³ t]mepw X§Ä¡p Ignhn-sñópw thKw a\-Ên-em-¡pw. AhÀ X§-fnð¯só AS-¨p-aq-Sn-¡-gn-bp-óh-cm-bn-¯o-cp-w. IÀ¯m-hnð \nópw aäp-Å-h-cnð\nópw Hä-s¸-«-h-cm-bn-¯o-cp-w. C¡m-c-W-¯mð shÅ-¯nð \nóv AIóp \nev-¡pó acwt]mse-Ah-cpsS PohnXw ^e-iq-\y-hpw Ah-cpsS {]hr-¯n-IÄ hÔyhp-ambn-¯o-cpw. hnip² BK-kvXo-t\mkv kzX-kn-²-amb ssien-bnð, kw£n-]vXhpw {it²-b-hp-amb hn[-¯nð, C{]-Imcw ]dªp: "\nsó krjvSn-¨-h-\nð \nóv \o ]n´n-cnªp t]mI-cp-Xv, \nónte¡p Xncn-bm³th-ïn-t¸mepw' (Ab eo qui fecit te, noli deficere nec ad te).15 ssZh-¯nð \nóp ]n´n-cn38
bp-óXn-eqsS Rm³ Fsó¯só Isï-¯p-saóv Rm³ Nn´n-¡p-t¼mįsó Fsâ PohnXw XI-cm³ XpS-§póp (cf eq¡m 15:11þ24). \ap¡p apt¼ DÅ Hón-t\m-Sp- ]pe À¯pó Xpdhv BWv c£-bpsS Bcw-`w. Cu Zm\-¯nte¡v Xpd-hp-Å-h-cm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw CXns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡pIbpw sN¿p-óXp hgn am{Xta \ap¡p cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sm\pw c£ A\p-`-hn-¡m\pw kX-v^-e-§Ä ]pd-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw km[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. hnizm-kw-aq-e-apÅ c£-sb-óXnsâ AÀ°w ssZh-Zm-\-¯nsâ {]mY-ays¯ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Isb-óXm-Wv. hnip² ]utemkv Çol ]d-bp-óXp-t]m-se -Xsó: "hnizmkw hgn Ir]-bm-emWv \n§Ä c£n-¡-s¸«-Xv. AXp \n§Ä t\Sn-sb-Sp-¯-X-ñ, ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\amWv' (Ft^ 2:8).
20. hnizm-k-¯nsâ ]pXnb ImgvN-¸mSv {InkvXp- tI{µoIrX-amWv. {InkvXp- hnizmkw \s½ c£n¡p-óp. Fs´ómð Ahn-S-ónemWv \½psS PohnXw \ap¡p apt¼ DÅXpw \s½ DÅnð \nóp cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-óamb Hcp kvt\l¯n-te¡v auen-I-ambn Xpd-¡p-óXv. \½nepw \½n-eq-sSbpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-ó kvt\l-am-W-Xv. \nb-amhÀ¯\{K-Ù-¯nse Hcp ]mT-¯n\v hnip² ]utemkp \evIpó hymJym-\-¯nð CXp hyà-ambn ImWmw. ]g-b\n-b-a-k-tµ-i-¯nsâ tI{µ-t¯mSp tbmPn-¡pó Hcp hymJym-\-am-W-Xv. ssZh-¯nsâ Iev]\ Gsd Db-c-¯ntem Gsd AI-e-¯ntem Asñóv tami P\-t¯mSp ]d-bp-óp. "\ap¡p-thïn Bcv kzÀK-¯n-te¡p Ibdns¨óv AXp \ap¡p sImïp-hóp Xcpw?' Ftóm "Bcp IS-en-\-¡-sct¸mbn AXp \ap¡p sImïp-hóp-Xcpw?' Ftóm (\n-bam 30:11þ14) ]d-tb-ï-Xn-ñ. ]utemkv Çol ssZh-h-N-\-¯nsâ Cu kmao-]ys¯ {InkvXym-\n-bn-epÅ {InkvXp-hnsâ kmón-[y-¯nsâ `mj-bnemWv hymJym-\n-¡p-óXv: "Bcp 39
kzÀK-¯n-te¡p Ibdpw?' (A-Xm-bXv {InkvXp-hns\ arXcnð\nóv DbÀ¯n-s¡m-ïp-h-cm³) AYhm Bcv ]mXm-f¯nte¡p Cd§pw ({In-kvXp-hns\ acn-¨-h-cnð \nóv DbÀ ¯m³) Fón-§s\ \n§-fpsS lrZ-b-¯nð ]d-b-cpXv (tdmam 10:6þ7). {InkvXp `qan-bn-te¡v Cd-§n-h-óp. arX-cnð \nóv Dbn À¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZh-]p-{X³ Xsâ a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw D°m-\hpw hgn apgp-h³ a\p-jy-Po-hnXs¯bpw Ncn-{Xs¯bpw BtÇ-jn¨p. Ct¸mÄ ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-eqsS\½psS lrZ-b-§-fnð hkn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp. ssZhw \½psS kao-]-t¯¡p hóp-shópw {InkvXp hen-sbmcp Zm\ambn \ap¡p \evIs¸«n-cn¡pópshópw hnizmkw Adn-bp-óp. al-¯mb B Zm\w \s½ B´-cn-I-ambn cq]m´-c-s¸-Sp-¯pIbpw \½nð \nh-kn¡p-Ibpw A§s\ Pohn-X-¯nsâ DZv`-h-hpw- A-h-km-\hpw þ a\p-jy-{]-bm-W¯nsâ apgp-h³ Ime-ko-abpw þ {]Imin¸n¡pó shfn¨w \ap¡p \evIp-Ibpw sN¿-póp.
21. At¸mÄ, hnizmkw \s½ sImsï-¯n-¡pó ]pXpa {Kln-¡m³ \ap¡p km[n-¡pw. hniz-kn-¡p-óhÀ kvt\l¯mð cq]m-´-co-Ir-X-cm-Ip-óp. B kvt\l-¯n-te¡v hnizm-k-¯nð lrZbw Xpdóh-cm-Wv AhÀ. BZn-a-kvt\l-¯nsâ Cu hmKvZm\-¯n-te-¡pÅ Ah-cpsS Xpd-hp-aqew Ah-cpsS PohnXw hÀ²n-Xhpw hn]p-e-hp-am-bn-¯oÀóp: "C\n-tað Rm\ñ Pohn-¡p-óXv, ]nsótbm {InkvXphmWv Fónð Pohn-¡p-óXv' (Kem 2:20); "{InkvXp \n§fpsS lrZ-b§-fnð hnizmk¯neqsS \nh-kn-¡s«' (Ft^ 3:17). hnizm-k-¯nð, tbip-shó A]-c\v hkn¡m-\mbn hnizm-kn-bpsS "Rm³' t_m[w hnI-kn-¡p-óp. AtXmsS "Rm³' Cu "A]-c-\n'ð hkn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. 40
Akoknbnse hnip² {^m³knkv (1181-1226)
kvt\l-¯nð Ahn-S-t¯mSv A\p-cq-]-s¸-SmsX, Cu kvt\lw \½psS lrZ-b-§-fnð \nth-in-¸n-¡pó ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhnsâ kmón-[y-an-ñm-sX (tdmam 5/5), IÀ¯m-hmbn Ahn-Ss¯ Gäp] d-bm³ km[y-añ (1 tImdn 12:3).
AXv Ct¸mÄ Cu A]-c-\nð Pohn-¡p-óp. A§s\, hnizm-knbpsS PohnXw kvt\l-¯nð hn kvXr-XamIp-óp. ChnsS ]cn-ip²m-ßm-hnsâ {]hÀ¯\w Xsó bmWv \mw ImWp-óXv. ss{Ikv X-h\v tbip-hnsâ I®p-sImïp ImWm\pw Ahn-Ss¯ lrZ-b-hnIm-c-§sf kz´-am-¡m\pw AhnSs¯ ]p{X-k-l-P-amb at\m`m-h-¯nð ]¦p-tN-cm\pw Ignbp-óp. Fs´-ómð {InkvXym\n Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\l-w Xsóbmb ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnð ]¦p-tN-cp-óp. Cu kvt\-l-¯nemWv tbiphnsâ Xsó ho£Ww Hcp {] tXy-I-X-c-¯nð \mw kzoI-cn-¡p -óXv. kvt\l-¯nð Ahn-St¯mSv A\p-cq-]-s¸-SmsX, Cu kvt\lw \½psS lrZ-b-§-fnð \nth-in-¸n-¡pó ]cn-ip-²m-ßm hnsâ kmón-[y-an-ñm-sX (tdmam 5/5), IÀ¯m-hmbn Ahn-Ss¯ Gäp]d-bm³ km[y-añ (cf 1 tImdn 12:3).
hnizm-k-¯nsâ k`m-ß-I-cq]w
22.
C§s\ hnizm-kn-bpsS PohnXw Hcp k`m-ßI AkvXnXz-ambn `hn-¡p-óp. k`-bnð \bn 41
-¡-s¸-Spó Hcp Pohn-X-am-bn¯ocp-óp. {InkvXp-hnð hnizkn-¡p-óh-scñmw Hä ico-c-am-Wóv hnip² ]utemkv tdmam-bnse {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSp ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, C¡m-cy¯nð Al-¦-cn-¡-cp-sXóp Xm¡oXp sN¿p-óp. -]-I-cw, "ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw \evIn-bn-cn-¡pó hnizm-k ¯nsâ Af-h-\p-k-cn¨v hnth-I-]qÀhw Nn´n-¡Ww' (cf tdmam 12:3). hniz-kn-¡p-óhÀ X§Ä Gäp-]-d-bpó hnizm -k-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯nemWv X§-sf¯só ImWpóXv: X§fpsS {]XnOmb ]qÀWambn km£m-XvI-cn-¡-s¸« Xmbn AhÀ ImWp-óXv {InkvXp B-Ipó I®m-Sn-bn-em-Wv. Xónð hniz-kn-¡pó Fñm-h-scbpw {InkvXp Xón-te¡p tNÀ¡p-Ibpw Ahsc Xsâ ico-c-am¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-ó Xpt]mse Hcp {InkvXym\n Xsó¯só aäp kIe hnizm -kn-I-tfmSp-apÅ k¯m-]-c-am-b _Ô-¯nð icoc-¯nsâ Ah-b-h-ambn kzbw ImWp-óp. ico-c-¯nsâ D]-a-sIm-ïv, AÚm-X-amb GtXm Hcp ]qÀW-i-co-c-¯nsâ `mKw am{X-amWv Hcp hnizmkn Fóv AÀ°-am-¡p-ónñ; hen-sbmcp b{´¯nse shdpw ]ð¨{I-amsWópw AÀ°-am-¡p-ón-ñ. adn-¨v, AXp {InkvXp-hn\v hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpÅXpw hnizm-kn-IÄ¡v ]c-kv]-cap-ÅXp amb- ssPh_ÔamWv AXv shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-óXv (cf tdma 12:4-5). "{InkvXym-\n-IÄ' HómWv (cf Kem 3:28); Fómepw X§-fpsS hyàn-Xzw \jvS-s¸-Sp-¯m-¯- coXn-bn-emWvv ss{I kvX-hÀ "Hóm'-bn-cn-¡p-óXv. A]-cÀ¡p sN¿pó ip{iq-jbnemWv Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw X§-fp-sS- k¯-bpsS km£m-Xv Imcw tXSp-óXv. Cu ico-c-¯nð \nóIóv, {InkvXp-hn-epÅ k`bpsS Cu sFIy-¯n\p ]pd¯v þ sdmamt\m KmÀZn-\n- ]d-bp-ó Xp-t]mse þ "temI¯n\p- ta-epÅ {InkvXp-hnsâ ]qÀWX-bpÅ ZÀi-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse kwhm-l-I-'16bmb 42
Cu k`bv¡p ]pd-¯v, hnizm-k-¯nsâ AfhptImð \jv S-s¸-SpósX-´p-sIm-ïm-sWóv hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³ CXn\p Ign-bpw. hni-zm-k¯n\v AXnsâ k´p-en-Xm-hØ þ \ne\n ev¡m\m-h-iy-amb CSw þ Isï-¯m³ Ign-bmsX hcpóp. hnizmkw \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw k`m-ß-I-am-Wv ; hnizm-knIfpsS aqÀ¯-amb Iq«m-bva-sbó \ne-bnð {InkvXphnsâ ico-c-¯n-\I¯p\nópsIm-ïmWv AXv {]tLm-jn¡-s¸Sp-óXv. Cu k`m-ßI ]Ým-¯-e¯nemWv hnizmkw Hcp {InkvXym-\nsb aäp-Å-h-cn-te¡v Xpd-hp-Å-h-\m-¡p-óX.v {InkvXym\n-bpsS lrZ-b-¯nð {InkvXp-hnsâ hN-\-¯nsâ B´-cnIiàn-bpsS {]hÀ¯\¯mð Hcn-¡ð tIÄ¡ s¸-Spó hN\w ]nóoSv Hcp {]Xyp-¯-c-am-bn, Hcp kwkm-cn-¡s¸-Spó hN-\-am-bn, Hcp hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-am-bn-¯o-cp-óp. hnip² ]utemkv Çol ]d-bp-óXp-t]mse "a\p-jy³ lrZ-b-w sImïp hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw...-A[cw sImïp Gäp] d-bp-Ibpw... sN¿póp' (tdmam 10:10). hnizmkw Hcp kzIm-cy-hnj-btam XoÀ¯pw hyàn-KXamb Hcm-i-btam hyàn-]-c-amb Hcp A`n-{]m-btam Añ. AXv tIÄhn-bnð \nóp hcpóp. hm¡p-I-fn-eqsS {]Im-i\w Isï¯m\pw {]tLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sm\pap-Å-Xm-WXv. Fs´ómð, "AhÀ Hcn-¡epw tI«n-«n-ñm-¯-h-\nð F§s\ hniz -kn¡pw? {]tLm-jI\n-ñmsX AhÀ F§s\ tIÄ¡pw?' (tdmam 10:14). kzoI-cn-¡-s¸« Zm\-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nð, AXm-b-Xv, {InkvXp-hn-te¡p \s½ BIÀjn-¡pó kvt\ l¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nð, hnizmkw ss{IkvX-h-\nð {]-hÀ¯-\-£-a-am-IpIbpw (cf Kem 5:6) temIm-h-km\w hsc k` Ncn-{X-¯n-eqsS \S-¯pó alm-XoÀ°m-S-\-¯nsâ `mKam-bn-¯o-cm³ \s½ ià-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Cu coXnbnð ]cn-hÀ¯n-X-cm-bn-¯oÀóhÀ¡p ]pXn-sbmcp ho£W-KXn Xpd-óp-In-«p-óp; hnizmkw Ah-cpsS I®pIÄ¡pÅ shfn-¨-am-bn-¯o-cp-óp.
43
ssZhw {]Im-in¡p-óh\m-Wv. BßmÀ° lrZ-b-t¯msS Ahn-Ss¯ At\z-jn-¡p-óhÀ¡v Ahn-Ss¯ Isï-¯m³ Ign-bpw. (No. 35)
\n§Ä hnizkn¡pónsñ¦nð \n§Ä¡p a\ÊnemIpIbnñ. (cf
Gi¿ 7:9)
hnizmkhpw kXyhpw
23. \n§Ä hnizkn¡pónsñ¦nð \n§Ä¡p a\Ênem IpIbnñ (cf Gi¿ 7:9). lo{_p ss__nfn\v AeIvkm ¬{Unbmbnð {Ko¡p`mjbnð \nÀ½n¨ sk]vXzmPn´v Fó hnhÀ¯\¯nð Blmkv cmPmhnt\mSv Gi¿m {]hm NI³ ]dª hm¡pIÄ¡v apIfnð ]dª XÀÖabmWv \ðInbn«pÅXv. C§s\ kXys¯¡pdn¨pÅ Adnhv Fó hnjbw hnizmks¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw tI{µ#oIrX ambncn¡póp. lo{_p]mT¯nð hyXykvXambn«mWp Im WpósX¦nepw {]hmNI³ cmPmhnt\mSp ]dbpóp: ""\o 44
45
hnizkn¡pónsñ¦nð \o kpØm]nX\mbncn¡pIbnñ''. ChnsS hm¡pIÄ sImïpÅ Ifnbpïv. Aam³ Fó {lo{_p {Inbbv¡pÅ cïv AÀ°§sf ASnØm\s¸Sp ¯nbmWv A§s\ sNbvXncn¡póXv. B {Inbbv¡v ""\o hnizkn¡pw'' (Xm Aan\p) Fópw ""\o Øm]n¡s¸Spw' (tX Bta\p) Fópw AÀ°apïv. Blmkv cmPmhv i{Xp¡fpsS iàn Iïv AXy´w `b s¸«p. Akodnb³ almkm{amPyhpambn kJyw sNbvXmð DïmImhpó kpc£nXXzamWv cmPmhv At\zjn¡póXv. t\tcadn¨v, {]hmNI³ ]dbpóXv C{kmtbenâ ssZhamb Dd¸pÅ, ØncXbpÅ ]mdbnð ]qÀWambn B{ibn¡pI bmWv thïsXómWv. ssZhw hnizmktbmKy\mWv. AXp sImïv ssZh¯nð hnizmkapïmbncn¡pI sbóXpw AhnSs¯ hN\w apdpsI¸nSn¡pIsbóXpw bpànkl amWv. Gi¿ ]nóoSv Hcp hmNI¯nð cïp {]mhiyw ""Bt½³ Bb ssZhw'', ""kXy¯nsâ ssZhw'' (cf Gi¿m 65:16) Fón§s\ hnfn¡póXv CtX ssZhs¯bmWv. Ahn Sóv DS¼Sn]camb hnizkvXXbpsS Ømbn-bmb ASn¯d bmWv. ss__nfnsâ {Ko¡p hnhÀ¯\¯nð ""Øm]n¡s¸« Xmbncn¡pI''sbóXv ""a\Ênem¡pI''sbóv hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXXp hgn ]mT¯nsâ AÀ°s¯ Bg¯nð amänbn cn¡pIbmWv. ssZh¯nð hnizkn¨v B{ibn¡pIsbó ss__nÄ]camb Bib¯nð \nóv AIópamdn _p²n ]camb {Kln¡ð Fó {Ko¡v Bib¯nte¡p \o§nbn cn¡pIbmWv. Cu hnhÀ¯\w XoÀ¨bmbpw {Ko¡pkwkv ImchpambpÅ kwhmZs¯ {]Xn^en¸n¡póXmWv. F ómepw, lo{_p]mT¯nð A´Àeo-\-am-bn-cn-¡pó ssNX \y¯n\v AXv A\yañ. Gi¿m {]hmNI³ cmPmhn\p 46
hmKvZm\w sN¿pó Dd¸pÅ ASnØm\w ssZh¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ [mcWbnepw a\pjyPohnX ¯n\pw Xsâ P\XbpsS Ncn{X¯n\pw AhnSóp \evIpó sFIy¯nepw XoÀ¨bmbpw ASnbpd¸n¨ncn¡póXmWv. ssZh¯nsâ hnizkvXXbnð bpK§sf `cn¡pó ssZh¯nsâ Úm\]qÀ®amb ]²Xn IïpsImïv ssZh¯nsâ hgnIÄ a\Ênem¡m³ {]hmNI³ cmPmhn s\bpw, \s½bpw, shñphnfn¡póp. ""a\Ênem¡ð,'' ""Øm ]nXambncn¡ð'' Fóo Bib§fpsS Cu DZv{KY\s¯, ""Gäp]d¨nepIÄ'' (Confessions) Fó Xsâ BßIYbnð hnip² BKkvXot\mkv kzoIcn¨n«pïv. kpØncw \ne sImtÅïXn\v Hcph³ B{ibnt¡ï kXys¯¸än ]dbpt¼mgmWv A§s\ sN¿póXv: ""At¸mÄ Rm³ A§bpsS kXy¯nsâ aqibnen«v, hmÀs¯Sp¯v Dd¸p Åh\mbn \nesImÅpw.''17 ss__nÄ hyàam¡póXp t]mse, Ncn{X¯nð DS\ofapÅ ssZh¯nsâ hnizkvX kmón[yhpw Ime§sfbpw bpK§sfbpw Hón¸n¨p\ndp ¯m\pw \½psS PohnX§fpsS NnXdn¡s¸« CgIsf Hón¨p tNÀ¡m\papÅ AhnSs¯ IgnhpamWv ssZh ¯nsâ hnizmktbmKyamb Cu kXysaóv ImWn¡m \mWv BKkvXot\mkv Dt±in¡póXv.18 kmlNcy¯nð \nóp \ap¡Xp {Kln¡mw.
24.
Cu {]Imi¯nð hmbn¡pt¼mÄ, {]hmNI]c amb Cu ]mTw \s½ Hcp \nKa\¯nte¡p \bn¡póp: \ap¡v Adnhv BhiyamWv, \ap¡v kXyw BhiyamWv. Fs´ómð Ch IqSmsX \ap¡v Dd¨p\nev¡m\mhpIbnñ. \ap¡v aptóm«p \o§m³ km[n¡pIbnñ. kXyw IqSm¯ hnizmkw c£n¡pIbnñ. AXp \½psS Nph-Sp-Isf kpc -£n-X-am-¡p-ónñ. AXv at\mlcamb Hcp IYbmbn \ne 47
\nev¡pw. kt´mj¯n\pthïnbpÅ \½psS AKm[amb Zml¯nsâ {]ISn¸n¡embn \nesImÅpw. \mw kzbw hôn¡m³ CjvSs¸SpónSt¯mfw \s½ Xr]vXns¸Sp ¯m³ Ignbpó Hómbn \nesImÅpw. Asñ¦nð Bßk t´mjhpw BËmZhpw \evIpó DbÀó Hcp hnImcw am{Xambn Npcp§pw. AXv \½psS a\Ênsâ Nm]ey§ Ä¡pw EXpt`Z§Ä¡pw Ccbmbn \nesImÅpw. \nÝ-bZmÀVy-t¯msS PohnXbm{X \S-¯m³ Ignhnñm¯Xmbn cn¡pw AXv. hnizmkw apI-fnð¸-d-ª-Xp-t]mse Bbncp só¦nð Blmkv cmPmhv Xsâ Pohs\bpw cmPy-¯nsâ kpc£nXXzs¯bpw Hcp hnImc¯nsâ tað ]Wbw shbv¡mXn-cn-¡p-óXv icnbmIpambncpóp. ]t£, hnizmk ¯n\p kXyt¯mSv B´cnI_Ôapïv. AXpsImïv ]pXnsbmcp {]Imiw \evIm³ hnizmk¯n\p Ignbpw. B {]Imiw cmPmhnsâ IW¡pIq«epIsf¡mÄ t{ijvT amWv. ImcWw, AXv IqSpXð AIse ImWpóp. Xsâ DS¼SntbmSpw hmKvZm\§tfmSpw hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯pó ssZh¯nsâ Ics¯ ]cnKWn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. 25. hnizmkhpw kXyhpw X½nepÅ Cu _Ôs¯ ¸än Cóv ap³Imes¯¡mÄ Gsd \mw A\pkvacnt¡ï Xpïv. ImcWw, \½psS ImeL«¯nð kXy¯n\v hnja ØnXnbpïmbncn¡póp. kaImenIkwkvImc¯nð km t¦XnIhnZybpsS kXyamWv GI bYmÀ° kXysaóp Nn´n-¡m-\pÅ {]hWX \ap¡v ]e-t¸m-gp-ap-ïv: \½psS imkv{Xob sshZKv[yw sImïv ]Sp¯pbÀ¯m\pw Af ¡m\pw km[n¡pósXt´m AXmWv kXysaóp Icp-Xs¸-Spóp. {]hÀ¯\-£-a-am-bn-cn-¡póXpw Pohn-Xs¯ IqSp Xð Ffp-¸-ap-ÅXpw kpJhpam-¡p-ósXt´m AXp kXyambn-cn¡p-óp. C¡me¯v CXmWv XoÀ¨bpÅ GIkXyambn ImWs¸SpóXv þ ]¦phbv¡mhpó GIkXyw, NÀ¨ 48
bv¡p ASnØm\ambn¯ocm³ Asñ¦nð s]mXp kwcw `¯n\v ASnØm\ambn¯ocm³ Ignbpó FI-kXyw. Fómð, Afhp-tImensâ asä- A-ä¯vv hyàn-bpsS hyàn\njvTamb kXy§sf AwKoIcn¡m³ \mw X¿mdmIpóp. Ahsâtbm AhfpsStbm AXyKm[amb t_m[y §fnð DÄs¡mïncn¡póhbmWv B kXy§Ä. Fómepw B kXy§Ä B hyànsb kw_Ôn¨p am{Xta km[p hmbncn¡pIbpÅq. s]mXp \òbv¡p tkh\w sN¿m \pÅ {ia¯nð aäpÅhÀ¡v Ah \nÀt±in¨psImSp¡m³ IgnhpÅhbñ. Fómð, hyàn]chpw kmaq-ln-I-hpamb PohnXs¯ ka{Kambn hnhcn¨p sImSp¡m³ Ign bpó ]cakXywXsó kwibt¯msS ho£n-¡-s¸-Spóp. XoÀ¨bmbpw Ignª \qämïnð þ \mw ]dªp tI«n «pÅXpt]mse þ GIm[n]Xy]camb henb {]Øm\§Ä X§Ä¡v C¯cw kXyapsïóv AhImis¸«ncpóp. hyànIfpsS bYmÀ° PohnX§sf sRcn¨pXIÀ¡m³ thïn B kXyw kz´w temIho£Ws¯ ASnt¨ ev]n¨p. Ahkm\w Bt]£nIXmhmZw (Relativism) am{X -amWv Ct¸mÄ Ah-ti-jn-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv. AXnð kmÀh {XnIkXysaó {]iv\wþBXy´nIambn CXv ssZhsaó hnjb¯nð F¯n \nev¡pw þ A{]kàambn-cn-¡p-óp. Cu ho£W{]Imcw aXhpw kXyhpw X½nepÅ _Ôw hntOZn¡m³ {ian¡pIsbóXv bpànklambncn¡pw. Fs´ómð AXv aX{`m´nsâ (Fanaticism) Imc-W-saóv AhÀ Icp-Xp-óp. Htc hnizmkw ]¦nSm¯hsc ]oUn¸n ¡póXmWv aX{`m´n\v ImcWw. CXns\ kw_Ôn¨n St¯mfw \½psS kaImenItemI¯vv kaql]cambn«pÅ HmÀ½¡pdhpsïóp \ap¡p ]dbmw. kXys¯ kw_Ôn¨ {]iv\w bYmÀ°¯nð HmÀ½bpsS {]iv\amWv, km{µamb HmÀ½bpsS {]iv\w. Fs´ómð AXv \ap¡v ap¼p \ 49
Só Hóns\ kw_Ôn¡póXmWv. \nÊmchpw ]cnanXhp amb \½psS sshbànIt_m[s¯ AXnibn¡pó hn[ ¯nð \s½ sFIys¸Sp¯m³ AXn\p Ignbpw. Akv XnXzapÅ Fñmänsâbpw DXv]¯nsb¡pdn¨pÅ {]iv\ amWXv. B DXv]¯nbpsS shfn¨¯nð e£ys¯bpw A§s\ \½psS s]mXpamÀ¤¯nsâ AÀ°s¯bpw ho£n¡m³ \ap¡p km[n¡pw.
kXys¯bpw kvt\ls¯bpw Ipdn¨pÅ Adnhv
26. Imcy§fpsS ØnXn CXmbncnt¡, kXys¯ {Kln ¡póXnsâ icnbmb amÀ¤s¯ kw_Ôn¨v s]mXp\ò bv¡p tkh\w sN¿m³ ss{IkvXhhnizmk¯n\p Ign bptam? Cu tNmZy¯n\v D¯cw ]dbphm³ hnizmk¯n epÅ Adnhnsâ C\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v \mw Nn´n¡Ww. ChnsS hnip² ]utemknsâ Hcp sNmñv \s½ klmbn ¡m³ iàamWv. ""Hcph³ lrZbw sImïv hnizkn¡póp'' (tdmam 10:10). ss__nfnð lrZbw a\pjyhyànbpsS tI{µamWv. AhnsS hyànbpsS hyXykvX am\§Ä Cg tNcpóp: icochpw ssNX\yhpw, B´cnIXbpw temI t¯mSpw A]ctcmSpapÅ Xpdhpw, _p²niàn, COm iàn, sshImcnIX Fó Cu am\§sfsbñmw Hón ¸n¨v kwhln¡m³ IgnhpÅXmWv lrZbsa¦nð AXnsâ ImcWw kXyt¯mSpw kvt\lt¯mSpw \mw XpdhpÅh cmIpóXv AhnsSbmWv FóXmWv. Ah \s½ kv]Àin ¡m\pw \s½ Bg¯nð ]cnhÀ¯nXcm¡m\pw \mw A\p hZn¡póXpw AhnsSbmWv. kvt\lt¯mSv Hcp hyàn F{Xam{Xw XpdhpÅh\mbncn¡pópthm A{Xam{Xw apgp h³ hyànsbbpw hnizmkw cq]m´cs¸Sp¯póp. hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw Cu kwtbm-Pn¸n-¡-en-eqsSbmWv hnizm-k-¯nsâ X\-Xmb Adn-hn-sâ 50
\s½ B´-cn-I-ambn cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]pXnb I®p-IÄ sImïv bmYmÀ°ys¯ ImWm³ \s½ ià-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-ó ssZh-¯nsâ Af-hä kvt\lw \mw kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv hnizmk[mcW Dïm-Ip-óXv.
coXn-sbbpw -t_m[yw hcp-¯m\pÅ AXnsâ iàn-sbbpw \ ½psS ]mX-Isf {]Im-in-¸n-¡m\pÅ AXnsâ Ign-hn-s\bpw \mw {Kln-¡p-óXv. hnizmkw Adn-bp-óp. kvt\l-t¯mSp _ Ôn- ¡ - s ¸- « n- c n- ¡ p- ó nSt¯mf amWv hnizm-k-¯n\v Adn-bm³ Ign-bp-óX,v Fs´-ómð kvt\ lw- AXnð¯só -{]-Im-ihmlnbm-Wv. \s½ B´-cn-I-ambn cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]pXnb I®p-IÄsImïv bmYmÀ°y s¯ ImWm³ \s½ ià-cm¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-ó ssZh-¯nsâ Af-hä kvt\lw \mw kzoI-cn¡p-t¼m-gmWv hnizmk[mcW Dïm-Ip-óXv. 27. hnizm-khpw XoÀ¨bpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-¯n\v X¯zÚm-\n-bmb epUvhnKv hnävsK ³sÌ-bn³ \evIn-bn-«pÅ hni-ZoI-cWw kp{]-kn-²-am-Wv. At±l-¯nsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯nð hnizkn-¡-ens\ t{]an-¡-ensâ A\p -`-h-t¯mSp Xmc-Xayw sN¿mw. AXv hyàn-\n-jvT-amb Hóm-Wv. Fñm-h-scbpw kw_-Ôn¨v km[phm-bn-cn-¡pó Hcp kXy-ambn AXns\ \nÀt±-in-¡m³ km[n51
¡p-I-bn-ñ.19 bYmÀ°-¯nð, kvt\ls¯ GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯nð kXy-t¯mSp _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óXmbn C¡me¯v an¡-hcpw Icp-Xp-ón-ñ. kvt\ls¯ £WnIhnImc-§fpsS temI-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« þ kXyt¯mSv H«pw _Ô-s¸-Sm¯ þ A\p-`-h-am-bn-«mWv ImWp-óXv. Fómð CXv kvt\-l-s¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]cym-]vX-amb hnh-c-W-amtWm? bYmÀ°-¯nð, kvt\ls¯ £W-`w-Kpc-amb Hcp hnIm-c-ambn Npcp-¡m³ ]mSn-ñ. \½psS sshImcn-I-X IqSn DÄt¨ÀóXmWv kvt\l-w. kvt\l-`m-P-\-¯nte¡v Xpd-hp-ïm-Im³ thïn-bm-W-Xv. A§s\ kzbw tI-{µo-bX-bnð \nóv AIóv A]-c-\n-te¡pÅ ]mX AXv {]tim-`n-X-am-¡p-óp. imiz-X-amb Hcp _Ôw Øm]n-¡m \mWXv. kvt\l`mP-\-hp-am-bpÅ sFIyw kvt\lw -e-£yan-Spóp. kvt\l-¯n\p kXyw F´pam{Xw Bh-iy-ap-sïóv ChnsS \mw ImWm³ XpS-§p-óp. kvt\lw kXy-¯nð ASn-bp-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXnsâ Af-h-\p-k-cnt¨ AXv ZoÀLImew \ne-\n-ev¡p-I-bp-Åq; £Wn-I- \n-an-j-§Ä¡v AXoX-am-Ip-I-bpÅq; Hón-¨pÅ bm{Xsb Xm§n-\n-dp-¯m³ thï{X Dd-¸p-Å-Xm-Ip-I-bpÅq. kvt\l¯n\p kXy-t¯mSp _Ôan-sñ-¦nð AXv Nô -e-hn-Im-c-§-fpsS Cc-bm-bn-¯o-cpw. ka-b-¯nsâ ]co-£sb AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ AXn\p Ign-bm-Xm-Ipw. t\tc-a-dn-¨v, bYm À° kvt\lw, \½psS hyàn-Xz-¯nsâ Fñm LS-I-§sfbpw sFIy-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp. AXv al¯-chpw km£m-Xv Ir-X-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-¯n-te-¡pÅ hgn ImWn-¡pó ]pXnb {]Im-i-am-bn-¯o-cp-óp. kXyw IqSm-Xn-cp-ómð Dd¸pÅ Hcp-_Ôw Øm]n-¡m³ kvt\l¯n\p Ign-bp-Ibn-ñ. \½psS Hä-s¸« Als¯ kzX-{´-am-¡m\pw Ign-bpI-bn-ñ. Pohn-Xs¯ sI«n-¸Sp¡m\pw ^e-]qÀW-am-¡m\pw 52
thïn AXns\ £WnI\nan-j-§-fnð \nóv c-£n-¡m\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-ñ. kvt\l¯n\p kXyw Bh-iy-ap-sï-¦nð kXy¯n\p kvt\ls¯bpw Bh-iy--ap-ïv. kXyhpw kvt\lhpw thÀ Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hm-¯-h-bm-Wv. kvt\l-an-ñm-Xn-cp-ómð kXyw XWp-¯Xpw hyàn-]-c-a-ñm-¯-Xp-am-Ipw; Bfp-I-fpsS A\pZn-\-Po-hn-Xs¯ ]oUn-¸n-¡p-óXpam-bn-cn-¡pw. \mw At\z-jn-¡pó kXyw, \½psS Pohn-X-bm-{Xbv¡v AÀ°-w \evIpó kXyw, \mw kvt\l-¯mð kv]Àin-¡s¸-Sp-t¼m-sgñmw \s½ {]Im-i-]qÀW-cm-¡p-óp. kvt\lw kXym-\p-`-h-am-sWóv kvt\ln-¡p-óh³ a\-Ên-em-¡p-óp. t{]a-`m-P-\hp-am-bpÅ sFIy-¯nð bmYmÀ°ys¯ ]pXnsbmcp coXn-bnð ImWp-hm³ \½psS I®p-IÄ AXp Xpd¡p-óp. Cu AÀ°-¯nð, kvt\lw Xsó Adn-hmWv ("amor ipse notitia est') 20 Fóv Fgp-Xm³ alm-\mb hnip² {KnK-dn¡p km[n-¨p. AXm-b-Xv, kvt\lw Xsó kz´w bpànbpÅ Hcp Xcw Adn-hm-sWóv At±lw Fgp-Xn. AXv temIs¯ ImWp-óXnsâ _Ô]c-amb Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. temIw At¸mÄ ]¦p-h-bv¡-s¸-Spó Adn-hnsâ Hcp cq]-am-Ipw; A]csâ I®p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ ZÀi-\-am-Ipw; Fñm-än-s\bpw kw_-Ôn¨ s]mXp ImgvN-¸m-Sm-Ipw. a[y-bp-K-¯nð skbnâ v Xotb-dn-bnse hneyw Cu ]mc¼cyw ]n´p-SÀóp. Imap-I³ Imap-In-tbmSv "\nsâ I®p-IÄ amS-{]m-hp-I-fmWv' (D-¯a 1:15) Fóp ]d-bpó D¯-a-Ko-X -hm-Iys¯ hymJym-\n-¨p-sImïv ]d-bpóp:21 Cu cïp I®pIÄ hnizmkw \ndª bpànbpw kvt\l-hp-am-W.v ssZh[ym\-¯n-te¡v F¯n-t¨-cp-óXn\v Ah cïpw Hóm-bn¯o-cp-óp. ChnsS _p²n -{]-Im-in-X-kvt\-l-¯nsâ _p²nbm-bn-¯o-cp-óp.22 53
28. Adn-hnsâ Dd-hn-S-saó \ne-bn-epÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ Cu Isï-¯ð þ Hmtcm kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-sâbpw BZn-am-\p-`-h-¯nsâ `mK-am-WXv þ hnizm-ks¯ kw_Ôn¨ thZ-{K-Ù-[m-c-W-bnð B[n-Im-cnI {]I-mi\w ImWp-óp. X§sf Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw Hcp P\-am-¡pIbpw sNbvX ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lw Bkz-Zn-¨Xn-eqsS ssZhn-I-]-²-Xn-bpsS k¼qÀW sFIyw Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ C{km-tb-en\p Ign-ªp. hnizm-k-þ-A-dnhv ssZh-¯nsâ DS-¼-Sn-]-c-amb kvt\l¯nð \nóp P\n-¡póXn-\mð AXv Ncn-{X-¯nð Hcp kômc-amÀKs¯ {]Im-in-¸n-¡pó Adn-hm-Wv. AXp-sIm-ïmWv ss__n-fnð kXyhpw hnizkvX-Xbpw Hón-¨p-t]m-Ip-óXv. kXy-ssZhw hniz-kvX-XbpsS ssZh-am-Wv. Ahn-Sóv Xsâ- hm-Kv-Z-m\-§Ä ]men¡p-óp. X¡-Im-e¯v Xsâ ]²-Xn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ IqSp-Xð AKm-[-amb Adnhv km[y-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. hn{]hmk-¯nsâ thZ-\-bnepw, hnip² \K-c-¯n-te-¡pÅ kp\nÝn-X-amb Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡n-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ {]Xym-i-bnepw, krjvSn XpS§n temI-¯nsâ apgp-h³ Ncn-{X-s¯bpw BtÇ-jn-¡m-\mbn X§-fpsS Ncn-{X-¯n-\p-a-¸p-d-t¯¡v Cu ssZhn-I-kXyw Ic-§Ä hncn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp-shóv {]hm-N-Iòm-am-cpsS A\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS C{km-tbð {Kln-¨p. hnizm-k-þ-A-dnhv Hcp {]tXyI P\-X-bpsS `mK-t[-b-¯n³ tað am{X-añ shfn¨w hoip-óXv. krjvSn-¡-s¸« temI¯n-sâ, AXnsâ Bcw`w apXð Ah-km\w hsc-bpÅ, apgp-h³ Ncn-{X-¯n³taepw shfn¨w hoip-óp-ïv.
hnizmkw tIÄhnbpw ImgvNbp-saó \ne-bnð
29.
a\pjy-t\mSp kvt\l-_Ô-w Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw Aht\mSp hN-\-a-dn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó hniz-kvX-\mb Hcp 54
ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ DS-¼-Sn-tbmSp _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-Wv hnizm-k¯nsâ Adn-hv. AXp-sImïp Xsó ss__nÄ AXns\ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv {ih-W-am-bn-«m-Wv. -AXv {ih-tW{µn-b-t¯mSp _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. ¢mkn-¡-em-bn-¯oÀó Hcp t^mÀape hnip² ]utemkv D]-tbm-Kn-¡póp: "hnizmkw tIÄhnbnð\nóp hcp-óp' ( fides ex auditu, tdmam 10:17). Hcp hm¡n-t\mSp _Ô-s¸« Adnhv Ft¸mgpw hyàn-]-c-amb Adn-hm-Wv. kwkmcn-¡pó hyàn-bpsS i_vZw AXp Xncn -¨-dn-bp-óp. kzmX-{´y-t¯msS B hyàn-bn-te¡v kzbw Xpd-¡p-óp. B hyànsb A\p-k-c-W-bnð A\p-K-an-¡p-óp. A§s\ "hnizm-k-¯nsâ A\p-k-c-Ws¯-¡p-dn¨v (cf tdmam 1:5; 16:26) ]d-bm³ hnip² ]utem-kn\v km[n-¨p.23 hnizmkw ka-b-K-Xn-tbmSp _Ô-s¸« Adn-hp-am-Wv. Fs´-ómð- hm¡p-IÄ D¨-cn-¡m³ kabw thWw. injyXz-¯nsâ Hcp bm{X-bnð am{Xw kzmwio-I-cn-¡-s¸-Spó Hcp Adn-hp-am-W-Xv. A§-s\, Adnhpw kvt\lhpw X½nepÅ _Ôw IqSp-Xð hyà-ambn {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-óXn\v {ih-Ww- klm-bn-¡p-óp. kXy-¯nsâ Adn-hns\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Nne-t¸msg-¦nepw tIÄhnsb ImgvNbv¡v hncp-²-am-bn- Ah-X-cn-¸n¨n-«p-ïv. ImgvNbv¡v Duóð \evIp-I-sb-óXv {Ko¡p- kwkv Imc-¯nsâ khn-tijXbm-W.v a\p-jy³ Ft¸mgpw Bin-¨n-«pÅ kmI-ey-XbpsS [ym\s¯ shfn¨w km[y-am-¡p-sa-¦nepw asämcp hi-¯p\nóp t\m¡n-bmð AXv kzmX-{´y-¯n\v CSw \evIpónñ Fóp ]d-bmw. Imc-Ww, AXv kzÀK-¯nð \nón-d-§n, t\cn«v I®p-I-fn-te¡p F¯p-óp; I®nsâ {]Xyp-¯cw {]Xo-£n-¡msX Xsó. a\p-jy³ kt´m-jn-¡p-Ibpw kln-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó temI-K-Xn-bnð \nópw thÀs]«v 55
Hcp \nÝ-e-[ym-\¯n-te¡v AXv \s½ £Wn-¡póp shópw tXmómw. Cu ho£-W-tIm-Wnð\nóp t\m¡pt¼mÄ Adn-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ thZ-{K-Ù-]-c-amb [mcW {Ko¡p-Im-cpsS [mc-Wbv¡v hncp-²-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Imc-Ww, bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ ka-{K-amb Adnhp t\Sm-\pÅ {ia¯n-ð {Ko¡p-ImÀ Adn-hn-s\ -Im-gvN-tbmSp _Ôn¸n-¨p. Fómepw Btcm-]n-¡-s¸-Spó Cu ssh-cp²yw thZ-{KÙ-]-c-amb hnh-c-§-tfmSv tbmPn-¡p-ón-ñ. ]g-b- \n-baw cïp-X-c-¯n-ep-apÅ Adn-hns\ Iq«n-t¨À¯p.- Im-c-Ww, ssZh-¯nsâ hN\w tIÄ¡ð Ahn-Ss¯ apJw ImWm\pÅ B{K-l-t¯mSp tNÀóncpóp. A§s\ {Ko¡p kwkvImchp-am-bpÅ Hcp kwhm-Z-¯n-\p-thï ]Ým-¯-eap-ïm-bn. hnip-²-en-Jn-X-¯nsâ lrZb-¯nð¯sóbpÅ Hcp kwhm-Z-am-W-Xv. {ihWw hyàn-]-c-amb hnfn¡pw A\p-k-cW-¯n\pw kXyw Ime-¯n-\p-Ånð shfn-hm¡-s¸-Sp-óp-shó bmYmÀ°y-¯n\pw Duóð \evIp-óp. ImgvN apgp-h³ bm{Xm-]Y-¯nsâbpw Hcp ZÀi\w \ev Ip-óp. AXv ssZh-¯nsâ ka-{K-amb ]²-Xn-bpsS DÅnð Øm]n-¡-s¸-Sm³ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. Cu ZÀi\-an-ñm-Xn-cp-ómð, AÚm-X-amb k¼qÀW-X-bpsS ]ckv]-c-_-Ô-an-ñm¯ `mK-§Ä am{Xw ImWpóh-cm-bn- \mw Ah-ti-jn-¡pw.
30.
hnizm-k-Úm-\-¯nsâ am[y-a-§Ä Fó \ne-bnð ImgvNbpw tIÄhnbpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw hnip² tbmlómsâ kphn-ti-j-¯nð Gähpw hyà-ambn ImWmw. \ mem-as¯ kphn-ti-j-a-\p-k-cn¨v hniz-kn-¡p-Isb-ómð Htc kabw "tIÄ¡pI' FóXpw "ImW-p-I' FóXpam-Wv. hnizm-k-¯nsâ tIÄhn kw`-hn-¡p-óXv kvt\l-¯nsâ Xsó Adn-hnsâ cq]-¯nem-Wv: AXv hyàn-]-c-amb {ih56
W-am-Wv. kzcw hnth-Nn¨v \ñ CS-btâXv Xncn-¨-dn-bpó HómWv (cf tbml 10:3þ5). BZys¯ injyòm-cpsS Imcy¯nseót]m-se-Xsó injyXzw Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cpó tIÄ hnbm-WXv: "tbip C¡m-cy-§Ä ]d-bp-óXp-tI«v AhÀ Ahs\ A\p-K-an-¨p' (tbml 1 :37). Fómð, hnizmkw ImgvN-tbmSpw _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡pó Hóm-Wv. tbip {]hÀ¯n¨ AS-bm-f-§-fpsS ImgvN Nne kµÀ`-§-fnð Bfp-Isf hnizm-k-¯n-te¡p \bn-¨n-«p-ïv , emk-dns\ DbnÀ¸n¨ kw`-h-¯n-\p-ti-jw, "Ah³ sNbvXsX-s´óp Iïv Ah-\nð hniz-kn¨' (tbml 11:45) blq Zsct¸mse. aäv Ahk-c-§fnð hnizmkw XsóbmWv IqSpXð AKm-[-amb ZÀi-\-¯n-te¡p \bn-¡p-óXv; "hniz-kn¨mð \o ssZh-al¯zw ZÀin¡pw' (tbml 11:40). Ah-km-\w, hnizmkhpw ImgvNbpw ]c-kv]cw kwK-an ¡p-óp. "Fónð hniz-kn-¡p-óh³...-Fsó Ab-¨-h-\nemWp hniz-kn-¡p-óXv. Fsó ImWp-óh³ Fsó Ab¨-hs\ ImWp-óp' (tbml 12:44-þ45). At¸mÄ tIÄhnbpam-bpÅ Cu sFIy-¯nsâ ^e-ambn ImgvN {InkvXzm\pK-a\w Bbn-¯o-cpóp. hnizmkw Däp-t\m¡-ensâ Hcp {]bm-W-ambn ImW-s¸-Spóp. AXnð I®p-IÄ AKm-[ZÀi-\-¯n-\mbnv ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-Ibpw sN¿póp. CuÌÀ {]`mXw A§s\ tbml-óm-\nð \nóv adnbw aKv-Z-te-\bn-te¡p \o§póp: tbml-óm³ iq\y-amb Iñ-d-bpsS ap¼nð AXn-cmhn-es¯ Ccp-«nð \nóp-sImïv "ImWpIbpw hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp' (tbml 20:8). aKvZ-te\ adnbw tbip-hns\ I-ï-Xn-\p-tijw (cf tbml 20:14), Ahs\ ]nSn-¨p\ndp-¯m³ B{K-ln-¨-p-. ]nXm-hnsâ ]¡te¡v {]bmWw sN¿p-óXsó [ym\n-¡m³ tbip AhtfmSp Iev]n-¨p. Ah-km\w injyòm-cpsS ap¼nð Ah-Ä 57
k¼qÀW-amb Gäp-]-d-¨nð \S¯n: "Rm³ IÀ¯m-hns\ Iïp' (tbml 20:18). tIÄhnbpw ImgvNbpw X½n-epÅ Cu DZv{K-Y-\-¯nð Hcp- hyàn F§s\ F¯n-t¨cpw? Zriy\pw {ihy-\p-amb {InkvXp-hm-Ipó hyàn-bn-eqsS XsóbmWv AXp km[yam-IpóXv. Ahn-Sóv amwkw-[cn¨ hN-\-am-Wv. Ahn-Ss¯ al¯zw \½Ä Iï-XmWv (tbml 1:14). hnizm-k¯nsâ shfn¨w ]nXmhv Zriy-\m-Ipó Hcp apJ¯nsâ shfn-¨am-Wv. \memw kphn-ti-j-¯nð hnizmkw BÀÖn-¡pó kXyw ]p{X-\n-epÅ ]nXmhnsâ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-em-Wv. AhnSs¯ ico-c¯nepw Ahn-Ss¯ `uan-I-{]-hr-¯n-I-fnep-apÅ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-em-Wv. "tbip-hnsâ `mkpc PohnXw' Fóv \nÀh-Nn-¡-s¸-Sm-hpó kXy-amWXv.24 hnizm-k-¯nsâ A-dnhv \½psS ho£-Ws¯ tIhew B´-cn-I-k-Xy-¯n-te¡p am{Xw \bn-¡p-I-bñ sN¿p-óXv FómWv CXnsâ AÀ°w. hnizmkw \ap¡p shfn-s¸Sp-¯n-¯-cpó kXyw {InkvXp-hp-am-bpÅ Iïp-ap-«-enð tI{µo-Ir-X-amb kXy-am-Wv; Ahn-Ss¯ Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨pÅ [ym\-¯nepw Ahn-Ss¯ kmón-[y-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Aht_m[-¯nepw tI{µo-Ir-X-amb kXyw. D°n-X-\mb IÀ¯m-hnsâ ico-cnIZÀi-\-¯n\p apónepÅ A¸-kvtXm-eòmcpsS "ImWpó hnizm-ks¯' (oculata fides) kw_-Ôn¨p hnip² tXmakv AIzo-\mkv Cu AÀ°¯n-emWv ]d-bp-óXvv!25 AhÀ D°n-X-\mb {InkvXp-hns\ X§-fpsS I®p-IÄsIm-ïp- I-ïp, AhÀ hniz-kn-¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªmð, ]nXm-hnsâ he-¯p`m-K-¯n-cn-¡pó ssZh-]p-{X-\n-epÅ X§-fpsS hni-zmkw Gäp-]-d-bm-³ thïn X§Ä Iï-Xnsâ AKm-[-X-bn-te¡p Däpt\m¡m³ AhÀ¡p km[n-¨p. 58
31.
Cu hn-[-¯nð am{Xta, a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-¯n-eqsS \½psS a\p-jy-Xz-¯nepÅ ]¦p-tNcen-eqsS am{Xta, kvt\ l-¯n-sâ- X\-Xmb Adn-hn\v ]qÀW-k-^-e-X-bn-te¡p hcm³ km[n-¡p-am-bn-cp-óp-Åq. Fs´-ómð, \½p-sS -lrZ-b-§Ä kv]Àin-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Xsâ clkyw Xncn-¨-dnbm³ \s½ ià-cm-¡pó kvt\l`mP-\-¯nsâ B´-cnI kmón-[y-¯n-te¡p \mw kzbw Xpd-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ kvt\l-¯nsâ {]Imiw P\n-¡póp. tIÄhntbmSpw Imgv NtbmSpw H¸w hnip² tbml-óm\v kv]Ài\hpw hnizmkamWv FóXnsâ s]mcpÄ \ap¡v A§s\ a\-Ênem-¡mw. Xsâ BZys¯ teJ-\-¯nð At±lw Øm]n¡póp: "Pohsâ hN-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v R§Ä tI«Xpw kz´w I®p-IÄsIm-ïp IïXpw kq£n-¨p-ho-£n-¨Xpw ssIsImïv kv]Àin-¨Xpw...' (1 tbml 1:1). amwkw [cn¨v \½psSbnS-bn-te¡p hóXp-hgn tbip \s½ kv]Àin-¨p. IqZm-i-I-fn-eqsS Ahn-Sóv Cópw \s½ kv]Àin-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp. Cu coXn-bnð \½p-sS -lr-Zb-§sf cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp¯ns¡mïv Ah-nSs¯ ssZh-]p -{X-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-¡m\pw {]tLm-jn-¡m\pw Aóv AhnSóv A\p-h-Zn-¨p. Cópw A\p-h-Zn-¡póp. hnizm-k-¯nð \ap¡v Ahn-Ss¯ kv]Àin-¡p-Ibpw Ahn-Ss¯ Ir]m-h-c¯nsâ iàn kzo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿mw. cà-{km-h-¡mcn kv{Xo tbip-hns\ kv]Àin-¡p-Ibpw kpJ-s¸-Sp--Ibpw sNbvX kw`-h-¯nsâ hnh-c-Ww (cf eq¡m 8:45þ46) hymJym\n-¨p-sImïv hnip² BK-kvXo-t\mkv C§s\ ]d-bpóp: "\½psS lrZ-bw-sImïv Ahn-Ss¯ kv]Àin-¡p-I, AXmWv hniz-kn-¡p-I-sb-óXnsâ AÀ°w'.26 P\-¡q«w tbiphns\ Xn¡n-sR-cp-¡p-óp. ]t£, hnizm-k-¯nsâ hyàn]-c-amb kv]Ài-\-t¯msS AhÀ Ahn-Ss¯ ]¡-te¡v F¯pón-ñ. Ahn-Sóv ]nXm-hns\ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯pó ]p{X 59
-\m-sWó clkyw B kv]À i\-t¯m-sS-bmWv Xncn-¨-dnbp óXv. \mw tbip-hn-t\mSv A\pcq-]-s¸-s«-¦nð am{Xta, AhnSs¯ ImWm³ Bh-iy-am-bn cn-¡pó I®p-IÄ \ap¡v e`n¡p-I-bp-Åq.
hnizm-khpw bpànbpw X½n-epÅ kwhmZw
32.
{InkvXp-hn-\pÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ ]qÀW-amb {]Imiw Hcn¡ð \mw Isï-¯n-bmð \mw Hcp hkvXpX a\-Ên-em-¡pw: AXm-b-Xv, \½psS Pohn-X-¯n-epÅ Hmtcm kvt\lhpw B {]Im-i-¯nsâ Hcp civan DÄs¡m-Åpópïmbncp-óp.
60
ss{IkvXh-hn-izmkw ssZh¯nsâ k¼qÀW-kvt\l¯nsâ kXys¯ {]tLm-jn ¡pIbpw B kvt\l-¯nsâ iàn-bn-te¡p \s½ Xpd-¡pIbpw sN¿p-óX-\p-k-cn¨v AXv \½psS am\p-jn-Im-\p-`h - ¯nsâ tI{µ¯n-te¡p Bgvón-d§p-óp. kvt\lw aqew \½nð Hmtcm-cp¯cpw {]Im-i-¯n-te¡p hcpóp. \½nð Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw {]Imi-¯nð \ne-\-nev¡m³ thïn kvt\ln-¡m³ hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-I bpw sN¿p-óp. tbip-hnð shfnhm-¡-s¸« ssZh-kvt\l¯mð apgp-h³ bmYmÀ°y-s¯bpw {]Imin-¸n-¡m³ Xo{h-ambnB{K -ln-¨p-sImïpw AtX kvt\l ¯mð aäp-Åh - sc kvt\ln-¡m³ ]cn{ian-¨p-sImïpw BZn-a ss{IkvX-hÀ kXy-¯n-\p-
thïn Zmln-¡pó {Ko¡p-Im-cpsS temI-¯nð kwhm-Z¯n-\pÅ BZÀi]-c-amb ]¦m-fn-sb- I-ïp. {]mNo-\-Im-es¯ ZmÀi-\n-I-Nn-´bp-am-bpÅ kphn-tij-k-tµ-i-¯nsâ Iïp-ap-«ð kIe P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw kphnti-j-h-XvI-c-W-¯n\v ASn-¯d ]mInb \nÀWm-b-I-amb Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-c-póp. B Iïp-ap-«ð hnizm-khpw bpànbpw X½n-epÅ ^e-]qÀW-amb ]c-kv]-c-{]-hÀ¯-\s¯ {]tNmZn-¸n-¨p. B {]hÀ¯\w \qäm-ïp-I-fn-eqsS \½psS Cu Ime-L-«w-hsc XpScpóp. hnizm-khpw bpànbpw F§s\ ]c-kv]cw iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-óp-shóv hmgv¯-s¸« tPm¬t]mÄ cïm-a³ amÀ ]m¸ hnizm-khpw bpànbpw (Fides et Ratio) Fó Nm{In-Ite-J-\-¯nð ImWn-¨p-X-ón-«p-ïv.27 {InkvXp-hn-\pÅ kvt\ l-¯nsâ ]qÀW-amb {]Imiw Hcn¡ð \mw Isï-¯nbmð \mw Hcp hkvXpX a\-Ên-em-¡pw: AXm-b-Xv, \½psS Pohn-X-¯n-epÅ Hmtcm kvt\lhpw B {]Im-i-¯nsâ Hcp civan DÄs¡m-Åp-ópïmbncp-óp. AXnsâ BXy-´n-I-amb e£yhpw \mw {Kln-¡p-óp. \½psS am\p-jn-I- kvt\-lw{]Im-i-¯nsâ B civan DÄs¡m-Åp-ópsïó hkvXpX \ap-¡p-thïn ssZh-]p-{X³ \S-¯nb k¼qÀW -kz-bw-Zm\-¯nte¡pÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ {]bmWw ImWm³ \s½ klm-bn-¡p-óp. hr¯m-I-c-¯n-epÅ Cu Ne-\-¯nð hniz -k-¯nsâ shfn¨w \½psS kIe am\p-jn-I-_-Ô-§sfbpw {]Im-in-¸n¡p-óp. Fón«v B _Ô-§-Ä {In-kvXphnsâ {]im-´-kvt\-l-hp-am-bpÅ sFIy-¯nð \ap¡v Pohn-¡m\mhpw.
33. hnip² BK-kvXo-t\m-knsâ Pohn-X-¯nð Cu {]bm W-¯nsâ {it²-b-amb Hcp amXrI \mw ImWpóp. Ahn-sS bpàn, AXnsâ kXy-¯n\pw hyà-Xbv¡pw thïn-bpÅ 61
B{K-l-t¯m-Sp-Iq-sS hnizm-k-¯nsâ N{Ihm-f-t¯mSv DZv {K-Yn-¡-s¸-«p. A§s\ ]pXnb Adnhp k¼m-Zn-¨p. Hcp `mK¯v {Ko¡p-Im-cpsS ImgvNbpsS {]m[m\yw Duón-¸dbpó {]Imi¯nsâ X¯z-imkv{Xw BK-kvXo-t\mkv kzoI-cn-¨p. s\tbm-t¹-täm-Wn-khpam-bpÅ (Neoplatonism) k¼À¡w At±-ls¯ {]Im-i-¯nsâ Hcp khn-tij\nZ Ài-\-hp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¯n. kIe bmYmÀ°y-s¯bpw {]Im-in-¸n-¡m³ DóX-¯nð \nóp Cd§n hcpó B {]Imiw ssZh-¯nsâ Hcp {]XoIw BWv. A§s\ BK -kvXo-t\mkv ssZh-¯nsâ kÀhm-Xn-im-bnXzw hne-a-Xn¡m³ XpS§n. Fñm hkvXp-¡Ä¡pw -ssZ-h-¯nsâ \òsb {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Hcp kpXm-cy-X-bp-sï-óv At±lw Isï-¯n. Cu Xncn-¨-dnhv a\nt¡-b-\n-k-¯nð \nóv At±ls¯ kzX-{´-\m-¡n. \òbpw Xnòbpw X½nð \nc-´c-kw-L-«-\-¯n-em-sWópw Ah k¦oÀW-ambn ]c-kv]cw Cg-t¨Àón-cn-¡p-ópshópw Nn´n-¡m³ a\n-t¡-b-\nkw At±-ls¯ t{]cn-¸n-¨n-cp-óp. ssZhw {]Im-i-am-Ip-ópshó Xncn-¨-dnhv BK-kvXo-t\m-kn\v Pohn-X-¯nð ]pXnsbmcp Znimt_m[w \evIn. Xsâ ]m]m-hØ AwKo-I-cn¡m\pw \ò-bn-te¡p Xncn-bm\pw AXv At±-ls¯ Ignhp-ä-h-\m¡n. adp-h-i¯v, BK-kvXo-t\m-knsâ hnizm-k-bm-{X-bpsS \nÀWm-bI \nan-jw, Gäp-]-d-¨n-ep-IÄ- Fó Bß-IY-bnð ]d-bp-óXpt]mse, DóX-¯n-epÅ, Cu temI¯n\¸pd-¯pÅ ssZh¯nsâ ZÀi-\-am-bn-cp-ón-ñ. ]nsótbm, {ih-W-¯nsâ Hc-\p-`hambn-cp-óp. ]qt´m-«-¯nðh¨v At±lw XtómSv C§s\ ]d-bp-óXmbn Hcp i_vZw tI«p: "FSp-¯p- hm-bn-¡pI'. At±lw At¸mÄ hnip-²- ]u-temknsâ teJ-\-§-fS§nb {KÙ-sa-Sp-¯v tdmam-¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nsâ ]Xn-aqómw A[ymbw hmbn-¨p- Xp-S-§n.28 62
a\p-jy-t\mSp kwkm-cn-¡m\pw Ah-t\m-sSm¯p h-kn¡m³ Xmtg-¡nd§n-h-cm\pw Ncn--{X-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ Ahsâ bm{X-bnð kl-N-cn-¡m\pw tIÄhn-bpsSbpw {]Xyp-¯-c¯n-sâbpw kab¯v kzbw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw Ign-hpÅ ss__n-fnse hyàn-]-c-\mb ssZhw A§s\ At±-l¯n\p {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. Fómepw hN-\-¯nsâ ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ Cu Iïp-ap«ð {]Im-i-s¯bpw ImgvNsbbpw XÅn-¡-f-bm³ BK-kv Xo-t\m-kns\ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-ón-ñ. tb-ip-hn-epÅ ssZh-kvt\l¯nsâ shfn-]m-Sn-\mð Øncw \bn-¡-s¸«v At±lw {ih-W-¯n-sâXpw ImgvNbp-sSbpamb cïp ho£-W-§sfbpw ka-\z-bn-¸n-¨p.- A{]-Imcw BK-kvXo-t\mkv shfn¨-¯nsâ Hcp X¯z-imkv{Xw hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯p. hm¡n\p kzIo-b-amb ]mc-kv]-cys¯bpw shfn-¨-¯n-te¡p t\m¡p óXnð \nóp-ïm-Ipó kzmX-{´y-s¯bpw BtÇ-jn-¡m³ Ign-bpó Hcp X¯z-im-kv{X-am-W-Xv. hm¡nt\mSp kzX-{´amb {]Xyp-¯-cw tNÀóp-t]mIpóXp-t]mse {]Imiw AXp {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡pó {]Xn-_nw_-¯nð Hcp {]Xyp-¯-cw Isï¯p-óp. AXp-sIm-ïv BK-kvXo-t\m-kn\v tIÄhn-sbbpw ImgvNsbbpw Iq«n-t¨ À-¡m\pw "DÅnð {]I-min-¡pó hm¡n-s\'29 kw_-Ôn¨v ]d-bm\pw km[n-¡póp. {]Imiw Hcp hm¡nsâ {]Im-i -am-bn-¯o-cp-óp-shóp ]d-bmw. Fs´-ómð AXv hy-àn]-c-amb Hcp apJ--¯nsâ {]Im-i-am-Wv. \s½ {]Im-in-¸n¨psImïv \s½ hnfn-¡p-Ibpw \½psS apJ¯v {]Xn-_nw_n¡m\pw \½psS DÅnð \nóv {]Im-in-¡m\pw AXp ]cn-{ian-¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp. Fómepw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ shdpw `mK-§Ä am{Xw ImWmsX apgp-h³ bmYmÀ°ys¯bpw ImWm-\pÅ B{Klw \½nð Ah-ti-jn-¡p-óp. 63
B B{Klw Ah-km\w ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸-Spw; BK-kvXo -t\mkp ]d-bp-óXp-t]mse \mw ImWp-Ibpw kvt\ln¡pIbpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ \nd-th-dpw.30 apgp-h³ shfn-¨hpw ssIbS-¡m³ \ap¡p Ign-bp-óXp-sIm-ïñ AXp \nd-thdp-óXv. {]Imiw Ft¸mgpw A£b-a-mbn-cn-¡pw. \½Ä apgp-h-\mbn B {]Im-i-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-óXp-sImïmWv AXp ]qÀ¯o-I-cn¡-s¸-Sp-óXv.
34.
-kXys¯ kw_-Ôn¨ \½psS Ime-L-«-¯nse tNmZy-§sf {]Im-in-¸n-¡m³ hn-izm-k-¯n\p kz´-a-mbn«pÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n\v Ign-bpw. Cóp an¡t¸mgpw kXyw Hmtcm-cp-¯-cp-sSbpw hyàn-\njvT-amb B[nIm-cn-I-X-bmbn Npcp-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibm-Wv.- AXv hyàn-bpsS Pohn-Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨p am{Xta km[phmbn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åq. tkzOm-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb k{¼-Zmb-§fpsS ASn-t¨-ev]n-¡ent\mSv s]mXp-k-Xys¯ \mw XZm-ßy-s¸-Sp¯p-óXn\mð AXp \½nð `b-ap-f-hm-¡p-óp. Fómð kXyw kvt\l¯nsâ kXy-am-sW-¦nð, \nXy -\mb A]-c-t\mSpw aäp-Å-h-tcm-Sp-apÅ hyàn-]-c-amb Hcp Iïp-ap-«-enð shfnhm-¡s¸-Spó kXy-am-Wv AsX¦nð, hyàn-I-fnð AXv A\p-`-hn-¡pó XS-¦-enð \nóv AX-ns\ kzX-{´-am-¡pIbpw s]mXp-\ò-bpsS `mK-am-¡pIbpw sN¿pw. kvt\l-¯nsâ kXy-saó \ne-bnð _ew {]tbmKn¨v ASn-t¨-ev]n-¡m-hp-ó -H-óm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bpanñ AXv; hyànsb izmkw ap«n-¡p-ó Hóm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-an-ñ. AXv kvt\l-¯nð \nóp P\n-¨-Xm-I-bmð lrZ-b-¯n-te¡v, Hmtcm kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-sâbpw hyàn-]-c-amb tI{µ¯n-te¡v Bgvón-d§m³ AXn\p km[n-¡pw. At¸mÄ hyà-am-bpw, Hcp Xc-¯nepw hg-§m¯ Hóñ hnizm-kw, 64
]nsótbm aäp-Å-h-cp-am-bpÅ BZ-c-]qÀW-amb klm-kv Xn-Xz-¯nð hf-cpó Hóm-Wv. hniz-mkn- Al-¦m-cn-bñ. t\sc adn-¨v, kXyw Ahs\ hn\o-X\m-¡p-óp. ImcWw, kXys¯ \mw ssIh-i-s¸Sp-¯póXn-t\-¡mÄ kXy-amWv \s½ BtÇ-jn-¡p-Ibpw ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-ósXóv Fñm hnizm-knIfpw Adn-bp-óp. hnizmkw \evIpó kpc-£n-XXzw \s½ ab-an-ñm-¯-h-cm-¡p-óXn-t\-¡mÄ AXp \s½ Hcp bm{X bv¡p ]pd-s¸-Sm³ X¿m-dm-¡p-IbmWv sN¿p-óXv. Fñm-h À¡pw km£yw \evIm\pw Fñm-h-cp-ambn kwhm-Z-¯nð GÀs¸-Sm\pw AXv \s½ ià-cm-¡póp. kvt\l-¯nsâ kXy-t¯mSp tNÀó hnizm-k shfn¨w `uXn-I-tem-I-¯n-\-¸p-d-¯p-Å-Xp-a-ñ. Fs´-ómð, kvt\ lw Ft¸mgpw ico-c-¯nepw Bßm-hnepw Pohn-¡-s¸-Sp-óp. hnizm-k -shfn¨w tbip-hnsâ `mkpc Pohn-X-¯nð \nóv {]k-cn-¡p-ó Ah-X-cn¨ {]Im-i-am-Wv. AXv `uXn-I-temI-s¯bpw {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-óp, AXnsâ {Ia-¯nð hniz-kn¡p-óp, Ft¸mgpw hnkvXr-X-am-Ipó [mc-W-bp-sSbpw ka-\z-b-¯nsâbpw Hcp ]mX Xpd-¡-s¸-Sp-óp-shóv AXvA-dn-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. A§s\ imkv{X-¯nsâ ho£Ww hnizm-k-¯nð \nóv t\«w ssIh-cn¡póp: bmYmÀ°yt¯mSpw AXnsâ kIe A£-b-k-¼-óX-tbmSpw \nc´cw Xpd-hp-Å-h-cm-bn-cn-¡m³ hnizmkw imkv{X-Ús\ £Wn-¡p-óp. kz´w t^mÀap-e-IÄ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-óXnð \nóv XS-ªp-sImïv hnaÀi-\m-ßI_p²nsb hnizmkw X«nbp-WÀ¯p-óp. {]IrXn Ft¸mgpw IqSpXð hep-Xm-sWóv a\-Ên-em-¡m\pw AXns\ klm-bn-¡p-óp. AKm-[-amb krjvSn-c-l-ky¯nsâ ap¼nð AÛp-X-ap-WÀ¯n-s¡mïv 65
hnizmkw bpàn-bpsS N{I-hm -f-§sf hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡p-óp. im kv{Xob Kth-j-W-¯n\p kzbw Xpd-¡p-ó temI-¯n³tað IqSpXð shfn¨w hoip-óXn-\p-thïn-bm-W-Xv.
hnizm-khpw Whpw
35.
\£{Xw \½psS I®p-I-tfmSp ssZhw ImWn-¡pó £a-bpsS Hc-S-bm-f-am-Wv. Ahn-Ss¯ {]`-tbmSp kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-Im³ \½psS I®p-IÄ hf-tc-ïn-bn-cn-¡p-óp.
66
ssZh-mt\z-j-
ssZhs¯ At\z-jn¡pó Fñm-h-cp-sSbpw amÀKs¯bpw tbip-hn-epÅ hnizm-kshfn¨w {]Im-in-¸n-¡póp. hy Xy-kvX-a-X-§-fpsS A\p-bm-bnI-fp-ambn kwhm-Zw- \S-¯pó Xn\v khn-ti-j-amb ss{IkvX h-kw-`m-h\ \evIp-Ibpw sN¿póp. A{_m-l-hp-am-bpÅ DS-¼Sn¡p ap¼p-Xsó hnizm-k-¯nð ssZhs¯ At\z-jn¨ \oXn-am òm-cpsS km£y-s¯-¡p-dn¨v sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nð ]d-bpópïv. Gt\m-¡n-s\-¸än C§s\ ]d-bpóp: "Ah³ ssZhs¯ {]km-Zn-¸n-¨p-shóp km£yw e`n¨p' (sl{_m 11:5). hnizmkw IqSm-Xn-cp-ómð AXv Akm-[y-am-Wv. Fs´-ómð "ssZh-k-ón-[n-bnð icWw {]m ]n-¡p-óhÀ ssZhw Dsïópw
Xsó At\z-jn-¡p-óhÀ¡v Ahn-Sóv {]Xn-^ew \evIpsaópw hniz-kn-¡Ww' (sl{_m 11:6). CXnð \nóv Hcp Imcyw \ap¡p hyà-am-Ipw: aXm-\pkm-cn-bmb a\p-jysâ ]mX \s½ Im¯p- kw-c-£n-¡p-ó ssZh-s¯ AwKo-I-c-n-¡póXn-eqsS ISóp-t]m-Ipóp; B ssZhs¯ Iïp-ap-«pI Akm[y-añ. Iïpap-«m³ kzbw A\p-h-Zn-¡p-IsbóX-ñmsX Xsó At\z-jn-¡p-óhÀ¡v asä´p {]Xn-^-e-amWp ssZh-¯n\p \evIm\mhpI? AXn-\p-ap-¼p- \mw Bt_-ens\ Iïp-ap«póp. Ahsâ hnizmkw {]iw-kn-¡-s¸-«p. Ah³ kaÀ¸n¨ ImgvN-bnð þ B«n³]-ä-¯nse {]Y-a-Pm-X-cnð þ ssZhw {]km-Zn-¨p (sl{_m 11:4). A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-Xm-\p-`-h-§fnepw EXp-¡-fpsS hr¯-§-fn-epw `qan-bpsS ^e-]p-jvSn-bnepw {]]-ô-¯nsâ Ne-\-¯nepw ssZh-¯nsâ AS-bm-f-§Ä ImWm³ aXmßI a\p-jy³ ]cn-{i-an-¡p-óp. ssZhw {]Im-in¡p-óh\mWv. BßmÀ° lrZ-b-t¯msS Ahn-Ss¯ At\z-jn-¡póhÀ¡v Ahn-Ss¯ Isï-¯m³ Ign-bpw. Cu At\z-j-W-¯nsâ Hcp {]Xn-_nw_w ]qP-cm-Pm-¡òmcnepw ImWmw. AhÀ t_Xve-sl-an-te¡v \£-{X-¯mð \ bn-¡-s¸«p (cf a¯m 2:1þ12). Ahsc kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw ssZh-¯nsâ shfn¨w AhÀ \S-t¯ï Hcp bm{X-bm-bn, Isï-¯-ensâ ]mX-bnð Ahsc \bn¨ Hcp \£-{X-am-bn, ImW-s¸-«p. \£{Xw \½psS I®p-I-tfmSp ssZhw ImWn¡pó £a-bpsS Hc-S-bm-f-am-Wv. Ahn-Ss¯ {]`-tbmSp kp]cn-Nn-X-am-Im³ \½psS I®p-IÄ hf-tc-ïn-bn-cn-¡p-óp. aXm-\p-k-mcn-bmb a\p-jy³ Hcp bm{X-¡m-c-\m-Wv. Ah³ \bn-¡-s¸-Sm\pw Xónð \nóp ]pd-¯p-h-cm\pw \nc -´c hnkva-b-¯nsâ ssZhs¯ Iïp-ap-«m\pw Ft¸mgpw 67
kó²-\m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. \½psS am\p-jnI I®p-I-tfmSv ssZhw ImWn-¡pó Cu BZ-cw Hcp Imcyw \ap¡p ImWn¨p-X-cp-óp. AXm-b-Xv, ]pe-cn-bnð \£{Xw hngq-ï-s¸-SpóXp-t]mse, \mw ssZh-¯nsâ ASp-¡-te¡p sNñp-t¼mÄ Ahn-Ss¯ {]Im-i-¯nsâ A]-cn-ta-b-Xz-¯nð \½psS {] Im-i-§Ä ebn-¨p-t]m-Ip-ón-ñ, ]nsótbm, {]` -{]Xn^en¸n-¡pó BZn-am-án-bn-te¡v ASp-¡pw-tXmdpw I®m-Sn-t] mse IqSp-Xð IqSp-Xð {]Im-in-¡póp;
an-¡p-óp. AXv Nne-t¸mÄ s]mXp-hmb Pohn-X-¯n\v Dd¸pÅ Hcp Znim-t_m[w \evIpóXn\v ssZh¯n\pÅ {]m[m-\yw AhÀ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-óXpsIm-ïm-Imw- Asñ-¦nð Ccp-«nð {]Imi¯n\m-bpÅ Hcp Zmlw AhÀ A\p-`-hn-¡póXp-sImïmImw. Fómð CXp-Iq-SmsX, Pohsâ al-\ob-Xbpw kuµ-cyhpw ImWp-t¼mÄ ssZh-kmón[yw PohnXs¯ IqSp-Xð kpµ-c-am-¡m-saóv AhÀ D±Àin-¡p-óXpsIm-ïp-am-Imw.
temI-¯nsâ GI-c-£-I-\mb tbip-hn-epÅ ss{IkvXh-hn-izmkw ssZh-¯nsâ {]Imi-sañmw Ahn-S-ónð tI{µo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-óp-sh-óv, Ahn-Ss¯ "{]`m]qcn-X-amb Poh-\nð' tI{µo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡pópshóv, {]tLm-jn-¡p-óp. AXm-Is« Ncn-{X-¯nsâ DXv]-¯nbpw Ah-km-\hpw shfns¸-Sp-¯p-óp.31 Cu {]Im-i-¯nð koIr-Xhpw Zo]vXhpw ip²o-IrXhpw Añm¯ Hcp am\p-jnIm-\p-`-hanñ; ssZh¯n-te¡pÅ Hcp a\pjybm{Xbpw Cñ. ss{IkvX-hÀ {InkvXp-hnsâ {]Im-i-hr-¯-¯nð F{X- IqSp-Xð apgIpópthm A{X-b[nIw ssZh-¯n-te-¡pÅ hgn-bnð Hmtcm ]pcp-j-s\bpw kv{Xosbbpw a\-Ên-em-¡pIbpw Ah-tcmsSm¸w kô-cn-¡pIbpw sN¿pw
A{_lmw ssZh-¯nsâ i_vZw tIÄ¡p-óXn-\p-ap¼v "Xo{h-amb lrZ-bm-`n-em-j-t¯msS' Ahn-Ss¯ tXSnsb-ópw,- "ssZ-hs¯ FhnsS Iïp-ap-«m-\m-hp-sa-óv XtómSp-Xsó tNmZn¨v temIw apgp-h\pw kô-cn-s¨ópw' "Hä bv¡v \nÈ-_vZ-X-bnð Xsó tXSnb Ah-t\mSv ssZh-¯n\p IcpW tXmóp-óXp-hsc A§s\ sNbvXp-shópw' entbm ¬knse hnip² Csd-t\-hqkv ]d-bp-óp.32
hnizmkw amÀK-am-Ibmð, hnizm-kn-I-f-sñ-¦nepw hnizkn-¡m-\m-{K-ln-¡p-Ibpw At\z-jWw XpS-cp-Ibpw sN¿pó kv{Xo]pcp-jòm-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambpw AXp _Ô-s¸-«ncn¡póp. AhÀ kvt\l-t¯mSv BßmÀ°-ambn Xpd-hp-Å-hcm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw AhÀ¡v Isï-¯m-\m-hpó GsX-¦nepw shfn¨wsImïp bm{X \S-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-óX-\p-k-cn¨,v A¡mcyw AhÀ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-óp-sh-¦nepw, AhÀ hnizm -k-¯n-te-¡p- \-bn-¡pó ]mX-bn-em-bn-¡-gn-ªp; ssZhw Dïm-bn-cp-óm-se-ót]mse AhÀ {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ ]cn-{i68
aäp-Å-hÀ¡v \ò sN¿m-\pÅ hgntb ]pd-s¸-Spó GXp hyànbpw ssZh-¯n-te¡v ASp-¯p-I-gn-ªp. Ahn-Ss¯ klm-b-¯mð ]n´m-§-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªp. Fs´-ómð \mw Ft¸m-sgñmw kvt\l-¯nsâ ]qÀW-X-bn-te¡p kô-cn¡pópthm At¸m-sgñmw \½psS I®p-Isf IqSp-Xð {]Imin-¸n-¡p-I-sb-óXv ssZhnI {]Im-i-¯nsâ khn-ti-jamb {]hÀ¯-\-ssi-en-bm-Wv.
hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw
36.
hnizmkw shfn-¨-am-b-Xp-sImïv AXv \s½ AXnte¡p I-Sóp sNñm³ £Wn-¡p-óp. \½psS kvt\l¯nsâ hnj-bw Gsd \ómbn Adn-bp-óXn-\p-thïn AXp {]Im-in-¸n-¡pó N{I-hm-fs¯ IqSp-Xð ]qÀW-ambn At\zjn-¨-dn-bm³ £Wn-¡p-óp. ss{IkvXh ssZh-imkv{Xw Cu 69
B{K-l-¯nð \nóp P\n-¨-Xm-Wv. XoÀ¨-bmbpw hnizm-kan-ñm-Xn-cp-ómð ssZh-imkv{X-ap-ïm-hpI Akm-[y-am-Wv. {InkvXp-cl-ky-¯nð ]qÀ¯nbmb ssZh-¯nsâ kzbmhn jvIm-c¯nsâ AXy-Km-[-amb- bpànsb At\z-jn-¡p-ó hnizm-k-¯nsâ Xsó Ne-\m-ß-I-X-tbmSv ssZh-imkv{Xw _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. CXnð\nóv Hcp hkvXpX hyàam-Wv: ]co-£-Wm-ß-I-imkv{X-§-fpsS coXn-b-\p-k-cn¨v a\p-jy-_p²n A]-{K-Yn-¡m\pw {Kln-¡m\pw \S-¯pó ] cn-{i-a-s¯-¡mÄ IqSp-X-em-bn-«p-Å-XmWv ssZh-im-kv{Xw. ssZhs¯ Hcp hkvXp- (hn-jbw) Bbn Npcp-¡m³ km[y a-ñ. Ahn-Sóv Xsó¸-än-¯só Adn-b-n¡p-óh\pw hyày´-c-_-Ô-¯n-eqsS ZÀin-¡-s¸-Sp-óh-\p-amb Hcp IÀ¯mhm-Wv (Subjectv). icn-bmb hnizmkw ssZh-¯nð \nóp hcpó {]Im-i-¯nt-e¡v kzbw Xpd-¡m³ bpànsb \bn¡p-óp. A§s\ kXy-t¯m-SpÅ kvt\l-¯mð \bn-¡s¸«v ssZh-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ IqSp-Xð AKm-[-amb Úm\¯n-te¡p hcm³ B bpàn-¡p- I-gn-bpw. hnizm-k-¯nsâ imkv{X-saó \ne-bnð ssZh-imkv{Xw ssZh-¯n\p Xsó¡p-dn¨p XsóbpÅ Adn-hn-epÅ ]¦ptN-c-em-sWóv a[y-bp-K-¯nse almòm-cmb ssZh-imkv{X-Úcpw A[ym-]-Icpw icn-bm-bn-¯só ]dªp. AXv ssZh-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ \½psS {]Xn]m-Z\w am{X-a-ñ, ]nsótbm AXv {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn ssZhw \t½mSp kwkm-cn-¡pó hN\w kzo-I-cn-¡epw AXns\ IqSp-X-embn a\-Ên-em-¡m\pÅ ]cn-{i-an¡ep-am-Wv. ssZhw Xsó¸än-¯só ]d-bpó hN-\am-W-Xv. Fs´-ómð Ahn-Sóv Iq«m-bva-bpsS imizXkwhm-Z-am-Wv. Cu kwhm-Z-¯nte¡p Ahn-Sóv \s½ {]thin-¡p-óp.33
70
A§s\ ssZh-¯mð "kv]Àin-¡-s¸-Sm³' thï hn\b-ap-ïm-bn-cn-¡-W-saóv ssZh-imkv{Xw Bhiy-s¸-Sp-óp. almcl-ky-¯n-\p-ap-¼nð kz´w ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ AwKo-Icn-¨p-sImï,v bpàn-bp-tS-Xmb in£-Wco-Xn-tbm-sS, Cu almcl-ky-¯nsâ A£-b-k-¼¯v At\z-jn-¡m³ ]cn{i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ hn\-b-ap-ïm-bn-cn-¡-W-saóv AXv Bh-iys¸-Sp-óp. hnizm-k-¯nsâ k`m-ß-I-cq-]-¯nepw ssZh-imkv{Xw ]¦p-]-äp-óp-ïv. AXnsâ {]Imiw k`-bm-Ipó hniz-kn¡pó hyàn-bpsS {]Im-i-am-Wv. Hcp hi-¯v, ssZh-im kv{Xw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hnizm-k-¯n\p tkh\w sN¿W-saópw Fñm-h-cp-sS-bpw, {]tXy-In¨v km[m-cW hnizmkn-I-fp-sS, hnizm-ks¯ kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw Bg-s¸-Sp-¯pI-bpw sN¿-W-saópw CXv AÀ°-am-¡p-óp. adp-h-i¯v, ssZh-imkv{Xw hnizm-k-¯nð \nóp Poh³ kzo-I-cn-¡p-óXp-sImïv amÀ]m-¸-bp-sSbpw At±-l-hp-ambn sFIy-¯nð¡-gn-bpó sa{Xmòm-cp-sSbpw {]t_m-[-\m-[nIm-cs¯ _mly-amb Hómbn, AXnsâ kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ ]cn-an-Xn-bmbn Icp-Xm³ ]m-Sn-sñópw AÀ°-am-¡p-óp. adn¨v AXnsâ B´-cn-Ihpw LS-\m-]-c-hp-amb am\-§-fnsem-ómbn {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-cs¯ Icp-X-Ww. Fs´-ómð, {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw BZn-a-t{km-X-kp-am-bpÅ \½psS _Ô-¯n\v Dd¸p \evIp-óp. A§s\ {InkvXp-hnsâ hN -\s¯ AXnsâ ka{K-X-bnð {]m]n-¡m-sa-óXnsâ XoÀ¨ \evIp-Ibpw sN¿p-óp.
71
hnizmkw tIÄhnbpw ImgvNbp-am-I-bmð AXv hN\ambpw {]Imiambpw ssIam-d-s¸-Sp-óp.
(No.37)
F\n¡p e`n-¨-Xv... Rm³ \n§Ä¡v Gev]n-¨p-Xóp (cf. 1 tImdn. 15:3)
k` \½psS hnizm-k-¯nsâ amXmhv
37.
X§-fpsS lrZbw ssZh-kvt\-l-¯n-te¡p Xpd¡p-Ibpw Ahn-Ss¯ i_vZw tIÄ¡p-Ibpw Ahn-Ss¯ {]Imiw kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-hÀ¡v Cu Zm\w kz´am-¡n- h-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-ñ. hnizmkw tIÄhnbpw Imgv Nbp-am-I-bmð AXv hN\ambpw {]Imiambpw ssIam-ds¸-Sp-óp. hnip² ]utemkv tImdn-t´m-kp-ImÀ¡v Fgp-Xpt¼mÄ Cu cïp {]Xn-_nw-_-§Ä Xsó D]-tbm-Kn-¡póp-ïv. Hcp-h-i¯v At±lw C§s\ ]d-bpóp: "Rm³ hniz-kn¨p; AXn-\mð Rm³ kwkm-cn¨p Fóv Fgp-Xn-b72
73
Hcp hyàn¡p asämcp hyànbp-am-bpÅ k¼À¡-¯n-eqsS hn izmkw ssIam-d-s¸-Sp-óp-shóp ]d-bmw. Hcp sagp-Ip-Xncn asämcp sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-bnð \nóp I¯n-¡s¸-Sp-óXp-t]m-se-XsóbmWXv. Hcp-h³ ac-am-bn-¯o-cm\pw temI s¯ ^e-§Ä sImïp-\n-d-bv ¡m³ Ign-bpó{X ^e-`q-bn-jvTamb Hcp hn¯v X§-fpsS Zmcn{Zy ¯nð ss{IkvX-hÀ \Sp-óp.
hsâ hnizm-k-ssN-X\ywXsó R§Ä¡p-Å-Xp-sImïv R§fpw hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw kwkm-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿póp' (2 tImdn. 4:13). Hcn-¡ð kzoI-cn-¡-s¸-Spó hN\w Hcp {]Xyp-¯-c-ambn ¯ocp-óp, hnizm-k-¯nsâ Hcp Gäp-]-d-¨n-em-bn-¯o-cp-óp, AXp aäp-Å-h-cn-te¡p hym]n-¡p-Ibpw hniz-kn-¡m³ Ahsc £Wn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. ]utemkv Çol {]Im-i-¯nsâ {]Xn-_nw-_hpw D]tbm-Kn-¡p-ópïv: "IÀ¯m-hnsâ al¯zw I®m-Sn-bn-seó t]mse aqSp-]-S-a-Wn-bm¯ apJ¯v {]Xn-^-en-¡pó \msañm-hcpw Ahn-Ss¯ kmZr-iy-¯n-te¡v al-¯z-¯nð \nóp al-¯z-¯n-te¡v cq]m-´-c-s¸-«p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-IbmWv' (2 tImdn 3:18). Hcp apJ-¯p-\nóv asämcp apJ-t¯¡v {]Xn-^-en-¡pó {]Imi-am-W-Xv. ssZh-t¯mSp kwkm-cn-¨p-I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ tamibpsS apJ-¯v Dïmb ssZh-a-l-¯z-¯nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\sa-ót]mse Xsó: "ssZhw XsóbmWv {InkvXp-hnsâ apJ¯p shfn-hm-¡-s¸« ssZh-tX-P-kn-s\-¸-än-bpÅ Adnhnsâ {]Imiw R§Ä¡p Xtc-ï-Xn\v R§-fpsS lrZ-b§sf {]Im-in-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv' (2 tImdn 4:6). {InkvXp-hnsâ tXP-Êv, I®m-Sn-bn-se-ót]mse ss{Ikv X-h-cpsS apJ¯v {]Im-in-¡p-óp. AXp hym]n-¡p-t¼mÄ \½n-te¡v Cd§n hcp-óp. B ZÀi-\-¯nð ]¦p-tN-cm\pw aäp-Å-h-cn-te¡v B {]Imiw {]Xn-_nw-_n--¡m\pw \ap¡pw Ign-tb-ï-Xn-\p-X-só. CuÌÀ Znh-ks¯ enäÀPn-bnð s] k-lm¯n-cn-bnð\nóv aäv AkwJyw Xncn-IÄ sXfn-¡póXp-t]mse Xsóbm-W-Xv. 74
38.
hnizm-k-¯nsâ `mj kwkm-cn-¡m³ \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡pó A½-bmWv k`.
Fñm Øe-¯p-apÅ Fñm kv{Xo]p-cp-jòmÀ¡pw thïn {]tim-`n-¡pó hnizm-k -¯nsâ ssIamäw Ime-¯n-eq sSbpw IS-óp-t]m-Ipóp; Hcp Xeap-d-bnð\nóp asämcp Xe-ap-d-bnte¡v. hnizmkw Ncn-{X-¯nð kw`-hn-¡pó Hcp Iïp-ap-«-enð \nóp P\n-¡p-Ibpw Ime-¯n-eq sSbpÅ \½psS bm{Xsb {]Imin-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. Xòqew AXv bpK-bp-Km-´-c-§-fn-eqsS ssIam-d-s¸-S-Ww. km£n-I-fpsS CS-ap-dn-bm¯ Hcp irwJe-bneq-sS-bmWv tbip-hnsâ apJw ImWm³ \ap¡p Ign-bp-óXv. Fómð CXv F§s\ km[yamIpw? C{Xbpw \qäm-ïp-Ifn 75
eqsS \½Ä "bYmÀ° tbip-hns\' ¯sóbmWv Iïpap-«n-bsXóv F§s\ XoÀ¨-s¸-Sp-¯m-\mhpw? a\p-jy³ tIhew Hä-s¸« hyàn-bm-bn-cp-só¦nð, kz´w Adn-hnsâ Dd¸v Xónð¯só tXSpó sshb-ànI Al¯nð \nóp am{X-amWv Ah³ XpS-§n-bn-cp-ósX-¦nð A¯-c-samcp kp\n -ÝnX¯zw XoÀ¯pw Akm-[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-óp. Fónð \nóv Gsd AIó Hcp Ime-L-«-¯nð kw`-hn-¨Xv Fs´ódn-bm³ F\n¡pXsó km[y-a-ñ. Fómð, Adnhp k¼m-Zn-¡pó amÀKw CXp am{X-añ. hyàn- Ft¸mgpw _Ô-§-fn-emWv Pohn-¡p-óXv. aäp-Å-h -cnð \nóp- Ah³ hcp-óp. Ah³ aäp-Å-h-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn¡p-óp. Ahsâ PohnXw aäp-Å-h-cp-am-bpÅ Iïp-ap-«enð hnI-kn-¡p-óp. \½psS Adnhpw Bßm-h-t_m-[w Xsóbpw _Ôm-[n-jvTn-Xam-Wv. Ah \ap¡p apt¼ t]mb aäp-Å-h-tcmSp _Ô-s¸-«m-Wn-cn-¡p-óXv. Hóm-a-Xm-bn, \ap¡p Poh\pw t]cpw Xó \½psS amXm-]n-Xm-¡òmtcm-Sv. `mj Xsó, \½psS Pohn-X-¯n\pw \ap¡p Npäp-apÅ temI-¯n\pw AÀ°w Iev]n-¨p- sImSp-¡pó `mj Xsó, aäp-Å-h-cnð \nóv, Ah-cpsS kPo-h-kva-c-Wm-i-àn-bnð kwc-£n-¡-s¸-«,v \½nte¡p hcp-óp. IqSp-Xð al-¯mb Hcp kvac-W-bnð ]¦p-tN-cp-t¼mÄ am{X-amWv Bßm-ht_m[w Xsó km[y-am-Ip-óXv. am\p-jn-I-[m-c-Wsb AXnsâ ]qÀW-X-bn-te¡p sImïph-cpó hnizm-ks¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw CXp icn-bm-Wv. hnizmk-¯nsâ `qX-Im-ew, temI-¯n\p ]pXp-Po-h³ \evInb tbip-hnsâ kvt\l-{]hr-¯n, aäp-Å-h-cpsS HmÀ½-bn-eqsS-bmWv þ km£y-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv þ \½n-te¡p hcp-óXv. AXv k`-bm-Ipó GI-kva-c-Wm-]m{X¯nð kPo-h-ambn Im¯pkq£n-¡-s¸-Spó HómWv. hnizm-k-¯nsâ `mj kwkm-cn-¡m³ \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡pó A½-bmWv k`. 76
hnizm-k-s¯bpw kvac-W-sbbpw Ah-KmVw Hón¸n-¨pw Ah- cïn-s\bpw ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ {]hÀ¯-\t¯mSp _Ôn-¸n¨pw hnip² tbml-óm³ Xsâ kphn-tij-¯nð C¡mcyw hyà-am-¡p-ópï.v tbip- ]d-bpóp: "]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv...Rm³ \n§-tfmSp ]d-ª-sXñmw \n§sf A\p-kvacn-¸n¡pw' (tbml 14:26). k`-bnð \nh-kn-¡pó kvt\lw Xsóbmb Bßmhv Fñm bpK-§sfbpw ]ckv]-c-_-Ô-¯nð \ne-\n-dp-¯p-Ibpw \s½ tbip-hnsâ ka-Im-eo-\-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. \½psS hnizm-k-XoÀ °m-S-\-¯nð A§s\ \s½ \bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp.
39. Häbv¡v hnizkn-¡pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS B´-cn-I-X-bnð kw`-hn-¡pó tIhew hyàn-]-c-amb Xnc-sª-Sp-¸ñ hnizmkw. AXv hnizm-kn-bpsS "Rm\pw' ssZhnI' "\o'bpw X-½n-ep-Å, kÀh-kz-X-{´-\mb Hcp a\p-jy-hy-ànbpw ssZhhpw X½n-ep-Å, XoÀ¯pw Zzo]pk-am-\-amb Hcp _Ô-a-ñ. hnizmkw {]IrXym k`-sbó "\½n-te¡p' Xpd-ón-cn-¡pó Hóm-Wv. AXv Ft¸mgpw k`bp-am-bpÅ Iq«m-bva-bn-emWv Dïm-Ip-óXv. amt½m-Zok-bpsS enäÀPn-bnð D]-tbm-Kn-¡pó hnizm-k-{]-am-W¯nsâ tNmtZym-¯c cq]w \s½ C¡mcyw HmÀ½n-¸n-¡póp-ïv. \½psS hnizmkw Hcp £W-t¯m-SpÅ, Fsâ kz´-a-ñm-¯Xpw, Fómð tIÄ¡-s¸-tSïXpamb Hcp hm¡n-t\m-Sp-Å, Hcp {]Xyp-¯-c-ambn {]Im-in-¸n-¡-s¸Sp-óp. AXv Hcp kwhm-Z-¯nsâ `mK-ambn«mWv \ne-sImÅp-óXv. AXn\vv tIhew Hcp hyàn-bnð P\n-¡pó Gäp]-d-¨n-emIm-\m-hn-ñ. "Rm³ hniz-kn-¡póp' Fóv \ap¡p GI-h-N-\-¯nð {]Xyp-¯-cn-¡m\mhp-óXv \mw IqSp-Xð henb Hcp Iq«m-bva-bpsS `mK-am-b-Xp-sImïpam{X-amWv, "R§Ä hniz-kn-¡póp' FópIqSn \½Ä Gäp]d-bp-óXpsIm-ïpam{Xam-Wv. k`m-ß-I-amb "R§fn'te¡pÅ Cu 77
Xpdhv ssZh-¯nsâ Xsó kvt\l-¯nsâ Xpd-hns\ {]Xn^en-¸n-¡p-óp-ïv. AXv ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw X½n-epÅ, Hcp "Rm\pw' Hcp "\obpw' X½n-epÅ, _Ôw am{X-a-ñ, adn¨v AXv ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-ð Hcp "R§Ä' BWv, hyàn-IfpsS Hcp Iq«m-bva-bm-Wv. CXn-\m-emWv hniz-kn-¡p-óh³ Hcn-¡epw FI-\-ñm¯-Xv. hnizmkw hym]n-¡m-\pÅ AXnsâ B\-µ-¯nte¡v A]-csc, £Wn-¡m-\pÅ {]h-WX ImWn-¡p-óXv. hnizmkw kzoI-cn-¡póh³ Xsâ kzXz-¯nsâ N{Ihmf-§Ä hnI-kn-¡p-sóópw Xónð Pohn-Xs¯ k¼óam-¡pó ]pXnb _Ô-§Ä cq]w sImÅp-óp-shópw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-óp. sXÀ¯p-ey³ Cu hkvXpX \ómbn hnh-cn-¡p-óp-ïv: "]pXnb P\\w \evIpó £mf\-¯n\p-tijw' Úm\kv\m\mÀ°n- (k-`-bm-Ip-ó) amXr-`-h-\¯n-te¡v kzoIcn¡-s¸-Sp-óp; Hcp ]pXnb IpSpw_¯nsâ AwK-saó \ne-bnð X§-fpsS ktlm-Zc§tfm-sSm¸w ssIIÄ hncn¨v "kzÀK-Ø-\mb R§-fpsS ]nXmth' Fó {]mÀ°\ sNmñp-óp.--.34
IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-k-ssI-am-ähpw
40.
GXp IpSpw-_-s¯bp-sa-ót]m-se k` Xsâ kvac -W-I-fpsS `WvUm-Kmcw Xsâ a¡Ä¡p ssIam-dp-óp. Fómð hnizm-k-ss]Xr-I-¯n-ð Fñm Imcyhpw, Hópw \jvS-s¸-SmsX, IqSp-Xð Bg-¯nð a\-Ên-em-I-¯-¡-hn[w F§s\ ssIam-dm\mhpw? ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ klm-bt¯msS k`-bnð Im¯pkq£n-¡-s¸-Spó A¸-kvtXm-enI ]mc-¼-cy-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv \mw ASn-Øm\-]-c-amb HmÀ½bp-ambn kPo-h-_Ôw ]peÀ¯p-óXv-. cïmw h¯n-¡m³ Iu¬knð ]d-bp-óXp-t]m-se, A¸-kvtXm-eòm-cnð \nóv ssIam-dn-¡n-«n-b-Xnð ssZh-P-\-¯n\v hnip-²n-bnð Pohn78
¡m\pw hnizm-k-¯nð hf-cm\pw klm-b-I-ambsXñmw AS -§n-bn-cn-¡p-óp. C{]-Imcw "k` Xsâ {]t_m-[-\-¯nepw Pohn-X-¯nepw Bcm-[\-bnepw Xm³ F´m-bn-cn-¡p-ópthm AXp apgp-h\pw, hniz-kn-¡pó Fñm Imcy-§fpw imizXam-¡p-Ibpw kIe Xe-ap-d-IÄ¡pw ]IÀóp-sIm-Sp-¡pIbpw sNbvXp-sIm-ïn-cn-¡póp.35 hnizm-k-¯n\v km£yw -hln¡m\pw kwth-Zn¡m\pw AXn\p tNÀóXpw B\p-]m-Xn-I-hp-amb Hcp ]Ým-¯ew Bh-iy-ap-ïv. tIhew kn²m-´-]-c-amb DÅ-S¡w ssIamdm³ Hcm-ibw aXn-bmIpw; Asñ-¦nð Hcp {KÙtam ]d -b-s¸« hm¡nsâ BhÀ¯-\tam aXn-bmIpw. Fómð, k`-bnð Adn-bn¡-s¸-Sp-óXv, Ah-fpsS kPo-h-]m-c-¼cy-¯nð ssIam-d-s¸-Sp-óXv, ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ Iïp-ap«-enð \nóp-ïmb ]pXnb shfn-¨-am-Wv. \½psS hyànXz-¯nsâ AKm-[-X-sb kv]Àin-¡p-Ibpw ssZh-t¯mSpw A]-c-t\mSpw DÅ kPoh Iq«m-bva-bnð _Ô§fn-te¡p hyànsb Xpd-óp-sImïv A]-csâ a\-Êns\bpw CÑm-iàn-sbbpw hnIm-c-§-sfbpw hym]cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó Hcp shfn-¨-am-W-Xv. Cu ]qÀWX ssIam-dm³ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp amÀKap-ïv. apgp-h³ hyàn-sbbpw ico-c-s¯bpw ssNX-\ys¯bpw B´-cn-I-Po-hn-X-s¯bpw aäp-Å-h-cp-am-bn-«pÅ _ Ô-§-sfbpw {]hÀ¯n-¸n-¡m³ iàn-bpÅ Hcp amÀK-amW-Xv. k`-bpsS enäÀPn-bnð BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Spó IqZm -i-I-fm-W-Xv. \½psS Pohn-X-¯nsâ Ime-§-tfmSpw Øe§-tfmSpw _Ô-s¸«pw \½psS Fñm C{µn-b-§-tfm-Spw _Ô-s¸«pw a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX Hcp kva-c-Wsb IqZm-i-IÄ kwth-Z\w sN¿póp. Hcp kPo-h-ico-c-¯nse Ah-b-h-saó \ne-bnepw kaq79
lm-ß-I-_-Ô-§-fpsS s\äp-hÀ¡nsâ `mK-saó \ne-bnepw Ah-bnð apgp-h³ hyànbpw hym]-cn-¡p-óp. IqZm-i-IÄ hnizm-k-¯nsâ IqZm-i-I-fmsWóp36 ]d-bpóXv kXy-amsW-¦nð, hnizm-k-¯n-\p-Xsó Hcp IuZm-in-I-amb LS-\bp-sïóp ]d-bpóXpw kXy-am-Wv. a\p-jy-Pohn-X-s¯-¡pdn¨pw ss{IkvX-hm-kvXn-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-ap-Å- Hcp ]pXnb IuZm-in-I-t_m-[-¯nsâ DWcn-en-eq-sS-bmWv hnizm-k¯nsâ DW-cð IS-óp-t]m-Ip-óXv. Zriyhpw `uXn-Ihpab bm-YmÀ°y-§Ä F§-s\-bmWv \nXy-X-bpsS clky-¯n-te¡v kzbw Xpd-¡p-ósXóv AXp \ap¡p ImWn¨p-X-cp-óp. 41. hnizm-k-ssI-amäw {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn amt½mZo-k-bnð \S-¡p-óp. amt½m-Zok hnizm-k-¯nsâ Gäp-]-d¨n-ð {]Xo-I-h-XvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ Hcp coXn am{X-am-sWópw AXp {]Xo-I-§fpw AS-bm-f-§fpw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-¡póhÀ¡pÅ Hcp {]t_m-[-\-coXn am{X-am-sWópw BXy´n-I-ambn A\m-h-iy-am-sWópw NneÀ Nn´nt¨-¡mw. amt½m-Zo-k-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnip² ]utemkv Çol-bpsS Hcp \nco-£Ww Cu A`n-{]mbw icn-b-sñóv \s½ A\pkva-cn-¸n-¡p-óp-ïv. At±lw ]d-bpóp: "A§s\ Ahsâ ac-W-t¯mSp \s½ sFIy-s¸-Sp-¯nb Úm\-kv\m-\¯mð \mw Ah-t\m-sSm¯p kwkvI-cn-¡-s¸-«p. {InkvXp acn-¨-Xn-\p-tijw ]nXm-hnsâ al-¯z-¯nð DbnÀs¯-gptóä-Xp-t]mse \mapw ]pXnb PohnXw \bn-t¡-ï-Xn-\m Wv Ah-t\m-sSm¯p kwkvI-cn-¡-s¸-«Xv' (tdmam 6:4). amt½m-Zo-k-bnð \mw ]pXnb krjvSn-Ifpw ssZh¯nsâ Z¯p-k-´-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-¯o-cp-óp. ss{IkvX-hsc {]t_m-[-\-¯nsâ Hcp am\-ZWvUw (typos didaches) `c-ta-ev ]n-¨n-cn-¡p-óp-shópw AXn-t¸mÄ AhÀ lrZ-b-]qÀhw 80
A\p-k-cn-¡p-óp-shópw A¸-kvtXm-e³ XpSÀóp-]-d-bpópïv (cf. tdmam 6:17). amt½m-Zo-k-bnð Gäp-]-d-tbï Hcp {]t_m-[-\hpw aqÀ¯-amb Hcp Pohn-X-cn-Xobpw Hcph³ kzoI-cn-¡p-óp. CXv Ahsâ apgp-hy-àn-Xz-¯nsâbpw Iq«p-tN-cð Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-óXpw Ahs\ \ò-bnte¡v hgn \S-¯p-óXp-am-Wv. amt½m-Zok kzoI-cn-¨-hÀ k`-bnð ]pXnsbmcp kml-N-cy-¯nte¡p amän Øm]n-¡s¸-Spóp. ]pXnsbmcp kml-N-cy-¯n\v, {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ \ho-\hpw `mK`m-Kn-Xz-hp-apÅ coXn¡,v Gev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-óp. At¸mÄ hnizm-k-sa-óXv Hä-s¸« hyàn-bpsS t\«a-sñóv amt½m-Zok \ap¡p ImWn-¨p-X-cp-óp. Hcp-h\p X\n¨p sN¿m-hpó Hcp IÀ½-hpañ AXv. ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\w ssIam-dpó k`m-ß-I-Iq«m-bvabn-te¡p {]th-in¡p-óXp hgn kzoI-cn-t¡ï Hóm-W-X.v Hcp-h\pw kziàn-sImïv Cu temI¯n-te¡p hcp-ónñ FóXp-t]mse Hcp-h\pw Xsó¯só amt½m-Zok ap¡p-ón-ñ. amt½mZok \mw kzoI-cn-¡pó Hóm-Wv. 42. ]pXnb Cu "{]t_m-[\ coXnbn-te¡p' \s½ {] th-in-¸n-¡pó amt½m-Zo-k-bpsS LS-I-§Ä GhbmWv? Hóm-a-Xm-bn, ]cn-ip²{XnXz-¯nsâ t]cv þ ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hp-wþ kv\m\mÀ°n-bp-sS-tað hnfn¨v At]£n¡-s¸Sp-óp. A§s\ Bcw-`-¯nð¯só hnizmk-bm-{X-bpsS Hcp DZv{K-Y\w \evI-s¸-Sp-óp. A{_m-ls¯ hnfn¨h\pw A{_m-l-¯nsâ ssZh-saóp hnfn-¡-s¸-Sm³ CjvS-s¸«h\p-amb ssZhw, tamibv¡v Xsâ \maw shfns¸-Sp-¯nb ssZhw, Xsâ ]p{Xs\ \ap¡p \evIn-s¡mïv Xsâ \ma-¯nsâ clkyw ]qÀW-ambn shfn-s¸-Sp-¯nb ssZhw, Ct¸mÄ amt½m-Zok kzoI-cn-¨- hyàn¡v ]p{X-kl-P-amb Hcp X\na \evIp-óp. 81
CXp Pe-¯nð ap¡ð Fó amt½m-Zo-km-IÀ½-¯nð ¯só hyà-ambn ImWmw: al-¯-c-amb Hcp "ssZhn-I -Rm-\n-'te¡p Xpd-hp-ïm-Im³ thïn "Rm³-' Fó hyàn am\-km-´-c-¯n-eqsS ISóp-t]m-Im³ ac-W¯nsâ {]Xo-I -amb Pew Fsó £Wn-¡p-óp. Pew Pohsâ {]Xo-Ihpam-Ip-óp. {InkvXp-hns\ Ahn-Ss¯ \h-Po-hn-X-¯nð ]n³ sN-ñp-óXp-hgn \mw hoïpw P\n-¡pó KÀ`-]m-{X-¯nsâ {]Xo-Ihpa-mIpóp Pew. C§s\ Pe-¯nð ap§ð hgn hnizm-k-¯nsâ a\pjym-h-Xm-c-L-S-\-sb-¸än amt½m-Zok \t½mSp ]d-bp-óp. {InkvXp-hnsâ {]hr¯n \½psS AkvXn-Xz-¯nsâ AKm-[X-e-§-sf kv]Àin-¡p-óp. \s½ auen-I-ambn cq]m-´-c-s¸Sp-¯p--óp. \s½ ssZh-¯nsâ Z¯p-k-´-Xn-Ifpw ssZhn-Ikz-`m-h-¯nð ]¦p-Im-cp-am-¡p-óp. AXv A§s\ \½psS kIe _Ô-§-sfbpw Cu temI-¯nepw {]]-ô-¯nep-apÅ \½psS Øm\s¯bpw cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp¯p-óp. Ahsb ssZh-¯nsâ Xsó Iq«m-bva-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nte¡v Xpd-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. amt½m-Zo-k-bnð kw`-hn-¡pó Cu amäw, \h-kp-hnti-j-h-XvI-c-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw, kv\m\mÀ °n-Xz-¯nsâ (Catachumanate) A\\y-amb {]m[m\yw AwKoI-cn-¨m-Z-cn-¡m³ \s½ klm-bn-¡p-óp. kv\m\mÀ°n-Xz¯nð ]ucm-WnI ss{IkvX-h-th-cp-I-fpÅ kaq-l-§-fn ðt]mepw Ct¸mÄ amt½m-Zo-k-bm-Ipó IqZm-i-bv¡-W bpó apXnÀóh-cpsS kwJy hÀ²-am-\-am-bn-s¡m-ïn-cn¡p-óp. kv\m\mÀ°nXzw amt½m-Zobv¡pth-ïn-bpÅ X¿msd-Sp-¸nsâbpw {InkvXp-hnð \½psS apgp-h³ Pohn-Xhpw ]cn-hÀ¯nXamIp-óXn-sâbpw ]mXbmWv.
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amt½m-Zo-kbpw hnizm-khpw X½n-epÅ Cu _Ôw hne-aXn¡p-óXn\v Gi¿ {]hm-N-Isâ Hcp hmIyw \ap¡v A\p-kva-cn-¡m-hp-óXm-Wv. BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-h-km-ln-Xy¯nð amt½m-Zo-k-tbmSv _Ô-s¸-«-XmWXv: "inem-ZpÀK§-fmð AhÀ {]Xn-tcm-[-ap-d-¸n-¡pw... AhÀ¡v Zml-Pew In«p-sa-óXv XoÀ¨-bmWv' (Gk 33:16).37 amt½m-Zok kzoI-cn-¨-hÀ ac-W-¯nsâ Pe-¯nð \nóp c£n-¡-s¸«v Ct¸mÄ ]md-sIm-ïpÅ ZpÀK-¯nð Øm]n-¡-s¸-«n-cn¡p-óp. Fs´-ómð AhÀ Dd-¸p-ÅXpw hnizm-k-tbm-Kyhp-amb Hcp ASn-¯d Isï-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óp. A§s\ acW-¯nsâ Pew Pohsâ Pe-ambn cq]m-´-c-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. {Ko¡p-sSIvÌv, AXns\ hnh-cn-¡p-óXv ]nkvtXmkv FómWv: AÀ°w "hniz-kvX-Pew'. amt½m-Zo-k Pew bYmÀ°¯nð hniz-kvXhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-hpam-Wv. Fs´-ómð AXv HgpIn-h-cp-óXv {InkvXp-hn-\pÅ kvt\l-¯nsâ iàn-tbm-sS-bm-Wv. PohnX-bm-{X-bnð \ap-¡pÅ Dd-¸nsâ Dd-hn-S-amWv B kvt\lw.
43.
amt½m-Zo-kbpsS LS\, \mw ]pXnb t]cpw ]pXnb Pohn-Xhpw kzoI-cn-¡pó ]p\ÀP-\-\-saó \ne-bn-epÅ AXnsâ cq]w, inip-¡-fpsS amt½m-Zo-k-bv-¡pÅ AÀ°hpw {]m[m-\yhpw hne-a-Xn-¡m³ \s½ klm-bn-¡p-óp-ïv. Hcp kzX-{´-IÀ½-¯n-eqsS hnizmkw kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ip«nIÄ ià-c-ñ. kz´-ambn B hnizmkw Gäp]-d-bm\pw AhÀ Ign-hp-Å-h-c-ñ. AXp-sImïv amXm-]n-Xm-¡òmcpw Xe-sXm-«-¸\pw Xe-sXm-«-½bpw AhÀ¡p-thïn hnizmkw Gäp-]-d-bp-óp. k`m-k-aq-l-¯n\pÅn-emWv hnizmkw Pohn-¡-s¸-SpóXv. s]mXp-hm-b Hcp "\½fn'emWv AXv \nth-in-¸n¡s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óXv. A§s\ aäp-Å-hÀ¡pw, {]tXy-I-hn-[83
`qX-Im-es¯ Hcp clkyw AXp kón-ln-X-am-¡p-óp. `mhn-bn-te ¡v hmXm-b\w Xpd-¡m\pw A´n a]qÀWX apóm-kzm-Zn-¡m\pw DÅ
ambn amXm-]n-Xm-¡òmÀ¡pw, Úm\-kv\m-\-am-Xm-]n-Xm¡-Ä¡pw, inip-hns\ ]n´m-§m\m-hpw. k`-bpsS Xsó hnizm-k-am-Ipó X§-fpsS hnizm-k-¯n-te¡v Ahs\/Ahsf kzmKXw sN¿m\pamIpw. inip-hnsâ ]nXmhv s]k-lm-¯n-cn-bnð \nóp I¯n-¡pó sagp-Ip-Xncn CXnsâ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. A§s\ hnizmkw ssIam-dp-óXnð k`bpw IpSpw-_hpw X½n-epÅ kl-I-c-W-¯nsâ \nÀWm-b-I-amb {]m[m\yw amt½m-Zo-km-IÀ½-¯nsâ LS\ sXfn-bn-¡p-óp-ïv. hnip² BK-kvXo-t\mkv Hcn-¡ð ]d-ªn-«p-Å-Xp-t]m-se, amXm-]nXm-¡òmÀ Ip«n-Isf temI-¯n-te¡p sImïp-h-cm³ am{Xañ ]nsótbm ssZh-¯n-te¡p \bn¡m\pw hnfn-¡-s¸«ncn¡p-óp. amt½m-Zo-k-bn-eqsS AhÀ¡p ssZh-k-´m-\-§fmbn hoïpw P\n-¡m\pw hnizm-k-am-Ipó Zm\w kzoI-cn¡m\pw Ign-bp-óp.38 A§s\ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Poh-t\m-sSm¸w auen-I-amb Znim-t_m[w \evI-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Hcp \ñ `mhn AhÀ¡v Dd¸m¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. Cu Znim-t_m[w, ssØcy-te-]-\-¯nð ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ ap{ZsImïv IqSp-Xð iào-I-cn-¡-s¸-Spw. 44. hnizm-k-¯nsâ IuZm-in-I-kz-`mhw Gähpw IqSpXð {]Im-in-X-am-Ip-óXv Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-¯n-em-Wv. Znhy-ImcpWyw hnizm-k-¯n\v Aaq-ey-amb t]mj-W-am-Wv. Xsâ kvt\l-¯nsâ ]c-a-amb {]hr-¯n-bnð bYmÀ°-¯nð kón-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-¡pó {InkvXp-hp-am-bpÅ Iïp-ap-«-emW-Xv. Xsâ-Xsó Poh-Zm-b-I-amb Bß-Zm-\-am-W-Xv. ZnhyIm-cp-Wy-¯nð hnizm-k-¯nsâ cïp am\-§Ä ]c-kv]cw Iïp-ap«n Cg-tN-cp-óp. Hcp-h-i¯v Ncn-{X-am-Ipó am\-apïv. Znhy-Im-cpWyw A\p-kva-c-W-bpsS Hcp {]hr¯n-bm-Wv. ac-W-¯n-sâbpw D°m-\-¯n-sâbpw kw`-h-saó \ne-bnð 84
AXnsâ Ignhv AXp {]ZÀin¸n-¡p-óp. "Cóv' (hodie) Fó hm¡nsâ BhÀ¯\w hgn c£mI-c-c-l-ky-§-fpsS "Cóv enäÀPn \s½ A\p-kva-cn-¸n-¡pópïvv.
hnizm-k-¯nsâ IuZm-in-I-kz-`mhw Gähpw IqSp-Xð {]Im-in-X-am-Ip-óXv Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-¯nem-Wv. Znhy-Im-cpWyw hnizm-k-¯n\v Aaq-ey-amb t]mj-W-am-Wv.
adp-h-i¯v, Zriy-tem-I-¯p\nóv AZr-iy-tem-I-t¯¡p \bn¡pó Hcp am\hpw \½Ä ImWpóp. IpÀ_m-\-bnð bmYmÀ°y¯nsâ AXy-Km-[-X ZÀin-¡m³ \mw ]Tn¡p-óp. A¸hpw ho ªpw Xsâ s]klm bm{Xbnð ]nXm-hn\p kzbw kón-lnX-\m-¡pó {InkvXp-hnsâ icochpw cà-hp-ambn ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸-Spóp. Cu amäw, ico-ct¯mSpw Bßm-thmSpw IqsS ssZh-¯n-epÅ ]qÀW-X-bn-te ¡v \o§pó kIe krjvSn-Ifp-sSbpw amä-¯nð \s½ ]¦pIm-cm-¡p-óp.
45.
IqZm-i-I-fpsS ]cn-IÀ½¯nð, k` Xsâ kvacW khnti-j-ambn hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]85
hnizm-k-{]-amWw sNmñpó k`sbó alm-Iq-«m-bva-bpsS `mKam¡n Xsâ AkvXn-Xzs¯ hnIkn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó kvt\ l-N-cn-{X-¯nð Ba-á-\m-ImsX hnizm-k-{]-amWw kXy-k-Ô-XtbmsS Gäp-]-d-bm³ hnizm-kn ¡p km[n-¡p-I-bn-ñ.
\-¯n-eqsS \ap¡p ssIam-dn-¯-cp-óp. hnizm-k-{]-amWw Hcp-Iq«w AaqÀ¯-kXy-§-tfmSv k½Xw aqfeñ. adn-¨v, AXv Gäp-]-dbp-t¼mÄ Po-hnXw apgp-h\pw kPo-h-\mb ssZh -hp-am-bpÅ ]qÀW-kw-kÀK-¯n-te-¡p-Å Hcp bm{X-bnte¡p {]th-in¡p-óp. X§Ä Gäp-]-d-bpó cl-ky-¯nte¡p {]th-in-¡m\pw AXnð cq]m-´-cs¸Sm\pw hnizmk-{]-am-W-¯nð AhÀ £Wn-¡-s¸-Sp-óp-. CXnsâ AÀ°w a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \ap¡v BZy-ambn hnizm -k-{]-am-W¯nsâ DÅ-S-¡-§-fn-te¡p t\m¡mw. AXn\p {XnXzm-ß-I-amb Hcp LS-\-bp-ïv. ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw kvt\ l-¯nsâ B-ßm-hnð sFIy-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. A§s\ Fñm k¯-bp-sSbpw tI{µw, Fñm bmYmÀ°y-§-fp-sSbpw Gähpw B´-cn-I-amb clkyw, ssZhn-I-Iq-«m-bva-bm-sWóv hnizmkn {]Jym-]n-¡p-óp. hnizm-k-{]-am-W-¯nð {InkvXp-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp Gäp-]-d-¨n-ep-ap-ïv. AXv {InkvXp-hnsâ Pohn-X-¯nse kIe Pohn-X-c-l-ky-§-fn-te¡pw þ Ahn-Ss¯ ac-Ww, D°m-\w, kzÀKm-tcm-l-Ww, al-¯z-t¯m-sS-bpÅ AhnSs¯ A´n-am-K-a-\w hsc þ \s½ sImïp-t]m-Ip-óp: hnizm-k-{]-amWw \t½mSv C§s\ ]d-bpóp: kwkÀK¯nsâ Cu ssZhw, ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnð ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw X½n-epÅ ]c-kv]cw kvt\lw, a\p-jy-N-cn-{Xs¯ apgph\pw BtÇjn-¡m\pw ]nXm-hnð Dd-hn-Shpw ]qÀ¯o-I-c-Whp-amb ssZh-¯nsâ kzbw {]hÀ¯-\m-ß-I-amb sFIy¯n-te¡p \bn-¡m\pw Ign-hp-Å-Xm-Wv. hnizmkw Gäp-]-d-bpóh³ Xm³ Gäp-]-d-b-pó kXy ¯n-te¡v DÄt¨-c-pópshóp ImWmw. ]cn-hÀ¯\-hn-t[b-am-ImsXbpw, Xsó BtÇ-jn-¡p-Ibpw BXy-´n-I-ambn 86
hnizm-khpw {]mÀ°-\bpw ]¯p-I-ev]-\-Ifpw
46.
"Xm³ F´m-bn-cn-¡pópthm, Xm³ F´p hniz-kn-¡p-óthm' B hnizm-k-¯nsâ k¼qÀW DÅ-S¡w kwth-Zn-¡m³ k` D]-tbm-Kn-¡pó B GtIm-]nX {]hÀ¯-\¯nsâ auenI klm-bn-bmWv It¯m-en-¡m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-{KÙw.
k`-bpsS kvacW hnizkvX-Xm-]qÀhw ssIam-dp-óXn\v cïp LS-I-§Ä IqSn AXy´m t]£n-X-am-Wv. Hóma-t¯Xv, "kz ÀK-Ø-\mb R§-fpsS ]nXmth' Fó IÀ¯r{]mÀ°-\-bm-Wv. ChnsS {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {Inkv Xp-hnsâ Xsó Bßo-bm-\p-`-h¯nð ]¦p-tN-cm\pw Fñm hkv Xp-¡-sfbpw Ahn-Ss¯ I®psImïp ImWm\pw ]Tn-¡p-óp. {]Im-i-¯nð \nópÅ {]Imihpw ]nXm-hnsâ GI-Pm-X-\pamb Ahn-S-ónð \nóp \mapw ssZhs¯ Adn-bpIbpw AhnSs¯ ASp-¡-te¡p sNñm\pÅ B{Klw aäp-Å-h-cnð Pzen-¸n-¡m³ Ign-hp-Å-h-cm-bn¯o-cp-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. 87
CXp-t]m-se-Xsó {][m-\-s¸« HómWv hnizm-khpw ]¯p-I-ev]-\-Ifpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-hpw. \mw ap¼p-]-dª-Xp-t]mse, kPo-h-\mb ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ Hcp Iïpap-«-tem-sS- Bcw-`n-¡pó Hcp {]bmWw t]mse-bmWv hnizmkw; kô-cn¨p XoÀt¡ï Hcp hgn t]mse-bm-W-Xv. ]¯p-I-ev]-\-IÄ Ah-bpsS Gähpw AKm-[-amb kXyw kz´-am-¡p-óXv hnizm-k-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n-em-Wv, c£n¡pó ssZh-¯n-epÅ k¼qÀW-amb kaÀ¸-W-¯n-sâ shfn-¨-¯n-em-Wv. Cu kXyw ]¯p-I-ev]-\-IfpsS BapJ-h-N-\-§-fnð Xsó AS-§n-bn-cn-¡póp: ]¯p-I-ev]-\IÄ \ntj-[m-ßI Iev]-\-I-fpsS Hcp kwLm-X-a-ñ. ]n sótbm kzmÀ°-X-bpsS, Xónð¯só AS-¨p-]q-«n-bn-cn¡pó Al-¯nsâ, acp-`q-an-bnð\nóv ]pd-¯p-h-cm-\pÅ kaqÀ¯-amb \nÀt±-i-§-fm-Wv. A§s\ ]pd-¯p-h-cp-óXv ssZh-hp-ambn kw`m-jWw \S-¯p-óXn\pw Ahn-Ss¯ Imcp-Wy-¯mð BtÇ-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-óXn\pw B ImcpWyw aäp-Å-h-tcmSp ImWn-¡p-óXn-\p-am-Wv. A§s\ hnizmkw Fñm-¯n-sâbpw Dd-hn-Shpw Fñm-än-s\bpw Xm§n-\n-dp¯p-óh-\p-amb ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lw Gäp-]-d-bp-óp. ssZh-hp-am-bpÅ kwkÀK-¯nsâ ]qÀW-X-bn-te¡pÅ bm{Xbnð B kvt\l-¯mð \bn-¡-s¸-Sp-óXn\v AXv kzbw k½-Xn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. IrX-Ú-X-bpsSbpw kvt\l-¯nsâ {]Xyp-¯-c-¯n sâbpw ]mX-bn-emWv ]¯p-I-ev]-\-IÄ ImW-s¸-Sp-óXv. AXp km[y-am-Ip-óXv ssZh-¯n\p \t½m-SpÅ ]cn-hÀ¯ -\m-ß-I-kvt\-l-¯nsâ A\p-`ht¯mSv \mw hnizm-k-¯nð Xpd-hp-Åh-cm-b-Xp-sIm-ïm-Wv. Cu ]mX, tbip-hnsâ aebnse {]`m-j-W-¯nse {]t_m-[-\-¯nð\nóv ]pXnb shfn¨w kzoI-cn-¡póp (cf. a¯m 5þ7).A§-s\, k` ssIam-dn-¯-cpó kvac-W-bpsS \nt£-]m-e-b-¯nð AS§n-bn-cn-¡pó \mep LS-I-§-sf¸än Rm³ ]cm-aÀin¨p 88
Ignªp: hnizm-k-¯nsâ Gäp-]-d-¨nð, IqZm-i-IfpsS BtLm-jw, ]¯p Iev]-\-I-fpsS ]mX, {]mÀ°-\. k`bpsS aX-t_m-[\w, It¯m-en-¡m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\{KÙw DÄs¸sS, ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Cu \mep LS-I-§Ä sImïp t{ImUo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. "Xm³ F´m-bn-cn¡p-ópthm, Xm³ F´p hniz-kn-¡p-óthm'39 B hnizmk-¯nsâ k¼qÀW DÅ-S¡w kwth-Zn-¡m³ k` D]tbm-Kn-¡pó B GtIm-]nX {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ auenI klm-bn-bmb "It¯m-en-¡m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-{KÙw' C¯-c-¯nð {Iao-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.
hnizm-k-¯nsâ sFIyhpw ka-{K-Xbpw
47.
Øe-Im-e§fnepÅ k`-bpsS sFIyw hnizm-k¯nsâ sFIy-t¯mSp _Ôn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. "Hcp ico-chpw Hcp Bßmhpw Hcp hnizm-khpw am{Xta DÅq' (Ft^ 4:4þ5). C¡m-e¯v Hcp s]mXp-Imcy-¯n-\p-thïntbm ]c-kv]c XmXv]-cy-ap-Å-Xp-sIm-tïm, Htc `mKt[-bw ]¦n-Sp-óXn-\mtem Hcp s]mXp-e£yw DÅ-Xn-\mtem a\p-jyÀ H¯p-tN-cp-óXv kÀh-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv. Fómð Htc -k-Xy-¯nepÅ Hcp sFIyw k¦-ev]n-¡m³ Gsd _p²n-ap-«pïvv. A¯-c-samcp sFIyw Nn´m-kzm-X-{´y¯n\pw hyàn-]-c-amb kzbwim-k-\m-[n-Im-c-¯n\pw hncp²-amsWóv \mw Nn´n-¨p-t]m-Ip-óp. Fómepw s]mXphmb Hcp ZÀi\w km[y-am-sWóv kvt\lm-\p-`hw \ap¡p ImWn-¨p-X-cp-óp. Fs´-ómð aäp-Å-h-cpsS I®p-I-fneqsS bmYmÀ°ys¯ ImtW-ï-sX-§-s\-sbóv kvt\l¯n-eqsS \mw ]Tn-¡p-óp. AXp \½psS ZÀi-\s¯ Zcn{Z-am-¡p-I-bñ k¼-óam-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-óXv. bYm À°-kvt\lw ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lw t]mse, BXy-´nI-ambn kXyhpw tbip-{In-kvXp-hm-Ipó kXys¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]¦p-h-bv¡-s¸« [ym\hpw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-óp. kvt\ 89
ls¯ AKm-[hpw imiz-X-hp-am-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p-óp. CXpw hnizm-k-¯nsâ henb kt´m-j-am-Wv: Hcp ico-c¯nepw Hcm-ßm-hnepw ZÀi-\-¯nsâ sFIy-ap-ïm-bn-cn¡p-I. alm-\mb setbm amÀ]m-¸m¡v C{]-Imcw ]d-bm³ Ign-ªp. "hnizmkw FIa-sñ-¦nð AXp hnizm-k-añ'.40 Cu sFIy-¯nsâ cl-ky-sa-´mWv? hnizmkw "GIamWv,' Hóm-a-Xmbn, AXnsâ ImcWw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Gäp-]-d-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pó ssZhw HómWv FóXp-Xsó. Fñm hnizm-k-kXy-§fpw ssZh-s¯-¸än ]d-bp-óp. Ahn-S-s¯bpw Ahn-Ss¯ {]hr-¯n-I-sfbpw Adnbm-\pÅ amÀK-§-fm-W-h. Xòqew Ah-bpsS sFIyw a\p-jy-_p-²nbpsS GXv Bi-b-kw-Lm-X-s¯-¡mfpw DbÀó tXmXnð DÅ-Xm-Wv. \s½ k¼-óam-¡pó Hcp sFIyw AXn-\p-ïv. ImcWw, AXp \t½mSv kwth-Zn-¡p-Ibpw \s½ "Hóv' B-¡n¯oÀ¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. GI-ssZ-h-¯n-te¡pw tbip-hnsâ Pohn-X-¯n-te¡pw Ahn-Sóp \t½m-sSm¸w ]¦p-h-bv¡pó aqÀ¯-amb Ncn-{X¯n-te¡pw \bn-¡p-óXp-sImïpw hnizmkw GI-am-Wv. Úm\-hm-Z-¯n\v FXn-cmb Xsâ ]S-s]m-cp-X-enð entbm ¬knse hnip² Cd-t\-hqkv C¡mcyw hyà-am-¡n. cïpXcw hnizm-k-ap-sïóv Úm\-hm-Zn-IÄ ]d-ªn-cpóp: Hóv: P\-k-aq-l-¯n\p tNÀó Akw-kvIr-Xhpw A]qÀW-hpamb hnizm-kw. tbip-hnsâ imco-cn-I-X-e-¯nepw AhnSs¯ cl-ky-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ [ym\-¯nepw AXp \ne-sImÅp-óp. cïv: IqSp-Xð AKm-[-amb, ]qÀW-X-bpÅ hnizmkw. AXv D]-\-bn-¡-s¸-«-h-cpsS sNdnsbmcp hr¯-¯n\p thïn Icp-Xn-h-¨n«pÅXmWv. tbip-hnsâ ico-c-¯n\p AXo-X-ambn AÚm-X-ssZ-hn-I-X-bpsS cl-ky-§-sf-¸än [ym\n-¡m³ Cu Iq«À _u²n-I-ambn Ign-hp-Å-h-cmWv. 90
Cópw Iptd BIÀj-Wo-b-X-bp-ÅXpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifp-Å-Xp-amb Cu Ah-Im-i-h-mZs¯-bmWv hnip² Cdt\-hqkv FXnÀ¡p-óXv. B FXnÀ¸nð, Hä-hn-izm-k-ta-bp Åqshóv At±lw Duón-¸-d-ªp. Imc-Ww, AXv a\pjym-h-Xm-c-¯nsâ kaqÀ¯-amb kw`-h-¯nð ASn-bp-d-¨Xm-Wv. AXn\v {InkvXp-hnsâ ico-c-¯n\pw Ncn-{X-¯n\pw AXo-X-ambn \nev¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-ñ. B ico-c-¯nð ]qÀW-ambn kzbw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ssZhw CjvS-s¸«XpsImïp-X-sóbm-W-Xv. C¡m-c-W-¯mð hnizm-ks¯ "ZoÀL-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡m³ Ign-bp-óhcpw' AXn-s\-¸än "Aev]w am{Xw ]d-bm³ Ign-bp-óhcpw X½nð hyXym-k-anñ. hen-b-hcpw sNdn-b-hcpw X½nð hnizm-k-¯nsâ Imcy¯nð hyXym-k-an-ñ. BZys¯ Iq«À¡v hnizm-ks¯ s]cp-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-ñ. cïm-as¯ Iq«À¡v Ipdbv¡m\pw Ign-bp-I-bnñ.41 hnizmkw Hóm-sWóv ]d-bm-\pÅ Ah-km-\-s¯ ImcWw, Htc ico-chpw Htc Bßm-hp-amb k` apgp-h\pw AXnð ]¦p-tN-cp-óp FóXm-Wv. k`-sbó GIhnjb-¯nsâ kwkÀK-¯nð \ap¡p Hcp s]mXp-ho-£-W apïmIpóp. Htc hnizmkw Gäp-]-d-ªp-sImïv \mw Htc ]md-bnð Dd-¨p-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-Wv. kvt\l-¯nsâ Htc ]cnip-²m-ßm-hn-\mð \mw cq]m-´-co-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-h-cm-bn, \mw Htc {]Imiw {]k-cn-¸n-¡p-óp. bmYmÀ°ys¯ kw_ Ôn¨v \ap¡v Htc DÄ¡m-gvN-bm-Wp-Å-Xv.
48. hnizmkw GI-am-bmð AXv AXnsâ hnip-²n-bnepw ka-{K-X-bnepw Gäp-]-d-b-s¸-S-Ww. Fñm hnizm-k-kXy§fpw ]c-kv]cw _Ô-s¸-«hbmWv. AXp-sIm-ïp-Xsó Ah-bnð Hóns\ -þ Gähpw \nÊm-c-saóp tXmóp-óhbnð Hóm-sW-¦nð t]mepw þ \ntj-[n-¡p-óXv apgp-h-s\ bpw hncq-]am-¡póXn\p Xpey-am-Wv. 91
hnizm-k-¯nsâ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp hnjbw kzoI-cn¡m³ IqSp-Xð Ffp-¸-ap-Å-Xmtbm IqSp-Xð {]bm-kap-Å-Xmtbm Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Hmtcm L«-¯nepw ImWmw. AXp-sImïv hnizm-k-\n-t£]w AXnsâ ka-{K-X-bnð ssIam-dp-óp-sï-ópw (cf. 1 Xntam 6:20) hnizm-k-{]-tLmj-W-¯nsâ Fñm hi-§fpw thï-hn[w Duón-¸-d-bp-ópsï-ópw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-óXn\v Pm{KX ]peÀ¯-Ww. bYmÀ°-¯nð, hnizm-k-¯nsâ sFIyw k`-bpsS Xsó sFIy-am-Ibmð hnizm-k-¯nð \nóv Fs´¦nepw ]n³h-en-¡p-óXv kwkÀK-¯nsâ kXym-h-Øbnð\nóv Fs´-¦nepw ]n³h-en-¡p-óXn\p Xpey-am-Ipw. k`m-]n-Xm-¡òmÀ hnizm-ks¯ Hcp ico-c-ambn þ hnhn[ Ah-b-h-§-fpÅ kXy-¯nsâ ico-c-ambn þ hnh-cn-¨p. {InkvXp-hnsâ ico-c-t¯mSpw k`-bnse AXnsâ XpSÀ¨tbm-Sp-apÅkmZr-iy-¯n-emWv A§s\ sNbvX-Xv.42 hnizmk-¯nsâ ka-{K-Xsb I\y-I-bmb k`-bpsS Nn{X-t¯mS,v {InkvXp-hn-t\m-SpÅ Ah-fpsS sshhm-lnI kvt\l-¯nepÅ hniz-kvX-X-tbmSjv _Ôs¸Sp-¯nbn-«p-ïv. hnizmk-¯n\p t{Zmlw sN¿p-I-sb-óXnsâ AÀ°w IÀ¯m-hpam-bpÅ kwkÀK-¯n\p t{Zmlw sN¿p-I-sb-óXm-Wv.43 At¸mÄ hnizm-k-¯nsâ sFIyw Pohn-¡pó Hcp icoc-¯nsâ sFIy-am-Wv. Ime-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ kXy-{]-t_m[-\-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨sb hnth-Nn-¨-dn-bm³ klm-b-I-ambn hmgv¯-s¸« tPm¬ slân- \yp-am³ X¿m-dm-¡nb {]tXyI Ipdn-¸p-I-fnð kv]jvS-ambn {]kvXm-hn-¨n-«p-ïv. kXy-{]t_m-[\w, AXv Iïp-ap-«p-óXn-s\-sb-ñmw AXn-te¡v kzmwio-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-hp-Å-Xm-Wv. AXv kón-ln-X-am-bncn-¡pó hyXykvX kml-N-cy-§-fnð, AXv Iïp-ap-«pó hyXykvX kwkvIm-c-§-fnð, Fñm-¯n-s\bpw ip²o-I-cn¡m\pw Ah-bpsS AXn-t{i-jvT-amb {]Im-i-\-¯n-te¡v 92
\bn-¡m\pw AXn\v Ign-hpïv. hnizmkw A§s\ kmÀh{XnIw þ ImtXm-enIw þ BsWóp sXfnbp-óp, Fs´ómð apgp-h³ {]]-ô-s¯bpw Ncn-{X-s¯bpw tim`n-Xam¡m³ thïn AXnsâ {]Imiw hÀ¯-am-\-am-Ip-óp.
49.
hnizm-k-¯nsâ sFIy-¯n\pw AXnsâ ka-{Kamb ssIam-d-en\papÅ ip{iq-j-sbó \ne-bnð IÀ¯mhv k`bv¡v A¸-kvtXm-enI ]n³XpSÀ¨sbó Zm\w \evIn. CXn-eqsS k`-bpsS kvac-W-bpsS XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡s¸SpIbpw hnizmkw ]p-d-s¸-Spó ip²-amb t{kmX-Ênð \nóv Dd-t¸m-Sp-IqSn tImcn-sb-Sp-¡m³ km[y-am-Ip-Ibpw sN¿póp. {]`-h-Øm-\-t¯m-SpÅ _Ô-¯nsâ Dd¸v \ap¡p e`n-¡p-óXv, k` ssIam-dn-¯ó kPo-h -hn-izm-k-t¯m-SptNÀóp\nev-¡pó Cu ]n³Xp-SÀ¨-bnse kPo-h- hy-ànI-fnð \nóm-Wv. IÀ¯mhv Xnc-sª-Sp¯ km£n-I-fpsS hniz-kvX-Xbnð k` B{i-bn-¡p-óp. C¡m-c-W-¯mð, k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-cw Ft¸mgpw Xsâ hnizmkw- ASn-Øm\am-¡n-bn-cn-¡pó BZna hN-\-t¯m-SpÅ A\p-k-cWt¯msS kwkm-cn-¡p-óp. k`-bpsS {]t_m-[\m-[n-Imcw B{i-b-tbm-Ky-am-Wv. Imc-Ww, AXp tIÄ¡pIbpw kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw hni-Zo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó hN-\-¯nð B{i-bn-¡p-óp.45 hnip² ]utemkv ante-t¯m-knðh¨v Ft^-tkm-knse t{ijvTòm-tcmSp ]dª bm{Xm-sam-gn-IÄ A¸-kvtXm-eòmcpsS \S-]-Sn-¸p-kvX-I-¯nð hnip² eq¡m hnh-cn-¨n-«p-ïv. "ssZh-¯nsâ lnXw apgp-h\pw {]tLm-jn-¡p-óXn\v' (A¸ 20:27) IÀ¯mhv Xsó Gev]n¨ ISa Xm³ \nÀh-ln-¨n-«psïóv At±lw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp. k`-bpsS {]t_m[-\m-[n-Im-c-¯neqsS-bmWv Cu ssZhlnX-w ka-{K-ambn \½nð -F¯p-óXv, H¸w AXp ]qÀW-ambn \nÀhln-¡m³ Ign-bp-óXn-epÅ kt´m-j-hpw. 93
am\p-jn-I-\-K-cs¯ hnizmkw {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-óXnð BZy-Xew IpSpw-_-am-Wv. (No. 52)
ssZhw AhÀ¡p-thïn Hcp \Kcw kÖo-I-cn-¡póp (cf. sl{_m 11:16)
hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-òbpw
50.
sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nð ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nse tKm{X-]n-Xm-¡òm-cp-sSbpw \oXn-\n-jvT-cmb kv{Xo]p-cp-jòm-cp-sSbpw IY Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah-cpsS hnizm-k¯nsâ Hcp AhiyLS-Is¯ DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn-¡p-óp-ïv. hnizmkw Hcp bm{X-bmbn am{X-a-ñ, GhÀ¡pw Ah-tcmsSm¯v Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bpó Hcp Øew Hcp-¡pó \nÀ ½mW {]{In-b-bmbpw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-óp-ïv t]S-I-¯nð Xsâ IpSpw-_s¯ c£n¨ t\ml-bmWv Hóm-as¯ \nÀ ½m-Xmhv (sl{_m 11:7). ]nóoSv A{_mlw hcp-óp. Dd94
95
¸pÅ ASn-¯-d-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb \K-cs¯ {]Xo-£n-¨p-sImïv hnizm-k-¯mð IqSm-c-§-fnð hkn-¨p-shómWv At±-ls¯-¸än ]d-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡póXv (cf. sl{_m 11:9-þ10). hnizm-k-t¯mSp _Ô-s¸«v ssZh-¯n\p am{Xw \evIm³ Ign-bpó Hcp ]pXnb hnizm-k-tbmKyXbpw,-Hcp ]pXnb ssØcyhpw DW-cp-óp. hnizm-k-apÅ a\p-jy\v hniz-kvX \mb ssZh-¯nð, Bt½³ Bbn-«pÅ ssZh-¯nð, B{ibw Isï-¯m\pw (cf. Gi 65:16), A§s\ kzbw Dd¸pÅ-h-\m-Im\pw Ign-bp-sa-¦nð Cu hnizmk ssØcyw a\p-jyhÀK-¯n\mbn ssZhw X¿m-dm-¡pó \K-cs¯bpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-óp-shóp \ap¡p ]d-bmw. a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-Sbnð ssZhw kón-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jyÀ X½nepÅ _Ôw F{X-am{Xw ZrV-am-bn-cn-¡p-saóv hnizmkw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp. hnizm-k-sa-óXv hnizm-knbpsS ANôe-amb t_m[ys¯, Hcp B´-cnI ssØcys¯ am{Xañ [z\n-¸n-¡p-óXv; a\p-jyÀ¡n-S-bnse _Ô-§-fpsS taepw AXp shfn¨w hoip-óp. Fs´-ómð, AXv kvt\l¯nð \nóp P\n-¡póXpw ssZh-kvt\l¯nsâ Ne-\mßI-Xsb {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡p-ó-Xp-am-Wv. B{i-b-tbmKy-\mb a\p-jyÀ¡v B{i-b-tbm-Ky-amb \Kcw k½m-\n-¡p-óp.
51.
hnizm-k- sh-fn¨¯n\p kvt\l-t¯mSpÅ _Ô ¯mð¯só (cf. Kem 5:6) AXp \oXn¡pw \nb-a-hy-hØbv¡pw kam-[m-\-¯n\pw aqÀ¯-amb tkh\w sN¿m³ thïn-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. ssZh-¯nsâ BZn-a-kvt\-l-hp-am-bpÅ Iïp-ap-«-enð \nómWv hnizmkw P\n-¡p-ó-Xv. B kvt\ l-¯nð \½psS Pohn-X-¯nsâ AÀ°hpw \òbpw hyà-am-Ip-óp. \½psS PohnXw {]Im-in-X-am-Ip-óXv Cu kvt\l-¯nsâ Ne-\m-ß-I-X-bn-te¡p {]th-in-¡póXnsâ tXmX-\p-k-cn-¨mWv; kvt\l-¯nsâ ]qÀW-X-bn96
te¡p \bn-¡pó Hcp ]mXbpw {]tbm-K-hp-am-bn-¯o-cp-óX-\p-k-cn¨mWv. am\p-jnI _Ô-§-fpsS k¼-ó-X-sbbpw AXnð \ne-\n-evIm\pw B{ib-tbm-Ky-cm-¡m\pw kaq-lPo-hn-Xs¯ k¼-óam-¡m-\p-apÅ Ah-cpsS Ign-hn-s\ bpw hne-a-Xn-¡m³ hnizm-k-sh-fn-¨-¯n\p km[n-¡pw. hnizmkw \s½ temI-¯nð \nóp AI-äp-ón-ñ. \½psS ka-Im-eo-\-X-bpsS kaqÀ¯-amb DZy-a-§-tfmSp ]pdw-Xncnªp \nevIp-óp-an-ñ. - B{ib-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp kvt\lan-sñ-¦nð kv{Xo]p-cp-jòmsc bYmÀ°-ambn Hón-¨p-\n-dp¯m³ bmsXm-ón\pw km[n-¡p-I-bn-ñ; AhnsS Ah-cpsS sFIyw D]-tbm-K-¯nsâbpw \n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-§fpsSbpw `b-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯nð am{Xta k¦-ev]n¡m\mhq. Hón¨p Pohn-¡p-ó-Xnsâ \ò-bp-sS, aäp-Å-hcpsS tIh-e-km-ón-[y-¯n\p \evIm³ Ign-bpó kt´mj-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nð k¦-ev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bn-ñ. am\p jnI-_Ô-§-fpsS hmkvXp-hn-Zysb {Kln¡m³ hnizmkw CS-bm-¡p-óp. Fs´-ómð Ahbv¡p ssZh-¯n-epÅ, AhnSs¯ kvt\l-¯n-epÅ, BXy-´n-I-amb ASn-Øm-\hpw kp\n-Ýn-X-amb `mK-t[-bhpw hnizmkw a\-Ên-em-¡p-óp. A§s\ \nÀ½m-W-I-e-bpsS-tað {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-óp. AXp s]mXp-\-òbv¡v tkh-\-am-bn-¯o-cpóp. hnizmkw bYmÀ°-¯nð Hmtcm hyàn¡pw Hcp \ò-bmWv, AXv Hcp s]mXp-\-ò-bm-Wv. AXnsâ shfn¨w k`-bpsS AIw am{X-añ {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-ó-Xv. At§ temI-¯nð Hcp \nXy-\-Kcw \nÀ½n-¡pI am{X-añ AXp sN¿p-ó-Xv. AXp \½psS kaq-l-§sf {]Xym-i-bpsS `mhn-bn-te¡p kôcn-¡m³ ]mI-¯nð sI«n-¸-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p-óp. Cu hnj-b-¯nð sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ\w Hcp amXrI \evIp-óp-ïv. hnizm-k-apÅ kv{Xo]p-cp-j-òm-cpsS CS-bnð kmap-th-en-s\bpw Zmho-Zn-s\bpw t]sc-Sp¯p ]d-bp-t¼m97
gmWv A§s\ sN¿p-ó-Xv. Ah-cpsS hnizmkw Ahsc' \oXn- \-S-¸m-¡p-ó-h-cm'-¡m³'ià-cm-¡n- (sl{_m 11:33). Cu {]tbmKw `c-W-¯n-epÅ Ah-cpsS \oXn-sbbpw P\¯n\p kam-[m\w {]Zm-\w- sN-¿m-\pÅ Ah-cpsS Úm\s¯bpw ]cm-aÀin-¡póp (cf. 1 kmap 12;3þ5; 2 kmap 8:15). ssZh-kvt\-lw ASn-¯-d-bm-bp-ÅXpw _Ô-¯nð ] Wn-Xp-bÀ¯-s¸-Sp-ó-Xp-amb Hcp ]«-Ww, D]-hn-bnð ]WnXp-bÀ¯p-t¼mįsó hnizm-k-¯nsâ Ic-§Ä kzÀK¯n-te¡v DbÀón-cn-¡p-óp.-
hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw
52.
sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nð `mhn-\-K-c-¯nte-¡pÅ A{_m-l-¯nsâ bm{X-sb-¸än ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \½psS ]nXm-¡òmcnð\nóp a¡fn-te¡p IS-¡pó A\p{K-l-s¯-¡p-dn¨p kqNn-¸n-¡p-ópïv (cf. sl{_m 11:20-þ21). am\p-jn-I-\-K-cs¯ hnizmkw {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-ó-Xnð BZyXew IpSpw-_-am-Wv. hnhm-l-¯nð kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw X½n-epÅ kpØnc-amb sFIy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn Rmhn-\nsS Nn´n-¡p-óp. ssZh-¯nsâ Xsó kvt\l-¯nsâ AS-bm-fhpw kmón-[y-hp-saó \nebn-epÅ Ah-cpsS kvt\l-¯nð\nóv Cu sFIyw P\n¡p-óp. ssewKn-I-hy-Xy-kvX-X-bpsS AwKo-I-c-W¯nð \ nópw kzoI-c-W-¯nð \nópw AXp P\n-¡p-óp. Cu hyXykvXX hgn h[q-h-c-òmÀ Hä-i-co-c-am-Im\pw (cf. DXv] 2:24) ]pXnb Poh\p Pòw-\-evIm\pw Ign-hp-Å-h-cm-bn-¯o-cp-óp. ]pXnb Poh³ {kjvSm-hnsâ \ò-bp-sSbpw Úm\-¯nsâbpw kvt\l-]qÀW-amb ]²-Xn-bpsS {]Im-i-\-am-Wv. Cu kvt\l-¯nð ASn-bp-d-¸n¨, kv{Xobv¡pw ]pcp98
j\pw X§-fpsS apgp-h³ Pohn-X-s¯bpw DÄt¨À¡pIbpw hnizm-k-¯nsâ hyXykvXXe-§sf A\p-kva-cn-¸n¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó Hcp AS-bm-f-¯mð ]c-kv]-c-kvt\l hmKvZm\w sN¿m³ Ign-bpóp. \½p-sS-Xsó Bi-b-§sf-¡mfpw kwcw-`-§-sf-¡mfpw henb ]²Xn \mw ImWpt¼mÄ Ftó¡pw kvt\ln-¡m-saóp hmKvZm\w sN¿m³ km[n-¡p-óp. \s½ Xm§n-\n-dp-¯p-óXpw \mw kvt\ ln-¡pó hyàn-¡p-thïn \½psS apgp-h³ `mhn-sbbpw kaÀ¸n-¡m³ iàn \evIp-ó-Xp-amb ]²-Xn-bm-W-Xv. k´m-t\m-Xv]m-Z-\w, AXnsâ apgp-h³ Bg-¯nepw k¼-ó-X-bnepw {Kln-¡m³ hnizmkw \s½ klm-bn¡póp. Fs´-ómð, k´m-t\m-Xv]m-Z-\-¯nð Hcp- ]p-Xnb hyàn-bpsS clkyw \s½ `c-ta-ev]n-¡pó krjvSn-¡pó kvt\lw Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ hnizmkw CS-bm-¡p-óp. C§-s\bmWv kmdm, ssZh-¯nsâ hmKvZm-\-¯n-eq-sS, Ahn-Ss¯ hniz-kvX-X-bnð B{i-bn¨v hnizm-k-¯mð A½-bm-bn¯oÀó-Xv. (cf. sl{_m 11:11).
53. IpSpw-_-¯nð ssiihw apX-ð Pohn-X-¯nsâ Htcm L«-¯nepw hnizmkw IqsS kôcn-¡p-óp. amXm-]n-Xm¡òmcpsS kvt\l-¯nð hnizm-k-aÀ¸n-¡m³ Ip«nIÄ ] Tn-¡p-óp. CXn-\mð amXm-]n-Xm-¡-òmÀ IpSpw-_-§-fnð hnizm-k-¯nsâ s]mXp-B-N-mc--§Ä t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡pI-sb-óXv kp{]-[m\ amb Imcy-am-Wv. Ah Ip«n-IfpsS hnizm-k-s¯ ]IzXbnse-¯n-¡m³ klm-bn-¡pw. bph-P-\-§Ä Pohn-X-¯nð Gsd k¦oÀWhpw k¼óhpw hnizm-ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw kp{]-[m-\-hpamb Hcp L«-¯n-eqsS IS-óp-t]m-Ip-óp. AXp-sImïv AhÀ {]tXy-I-ambn hnizm-k-bm-{X-bnð 99
d-bmbn Hcp s]mXp-]n-Xm-hns\ ]cm-aÀin-¡m-Xn-cp-ómð AXn\p \ne- \ n- e v ] p- ï m- I p- I - b n- s ñóp {ItaW \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n. \mw kmtlm-Z-cy-¯nsâ icn-bmb ASnØm-\-¯n-te¡p Xncn-b-Ww.
kz´w IpSpw-_-§-fp-sSbpw k`-bp-sSbpw Ønc-km-ao]yhpw ]n³_-ehpw A\p-`-hn-¡-Ww. temI-bp-hP-\-kt½-f\-§-fnð bph-P\w hnizm-k¯nsâ B\µhpw IqSp-Xð ZrVhpw HuZmcy-]qÀW-hp-amb Hcp hnizm-kw Po-hn-¡m\pÅ Ah-cpsS {]Xn-Úm-_-²-Xbpw F§-s\-bmWv {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-ó-sXóv \½Ä Iïn-«p-ÅXm-W-tñm. {InkvXp-hpam-bpÅ Iïp-ap-«epw Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\l-¯mð {Kkn-¡-s¸-Sm\pw \bn-¡-s¸-Sm\papÅ A\p-h-Zn-¡epw AkvXn-Xz-¯nsâ N{I-hm-f-§sf hn]p-eoI-cn-¡póp ; Akn-X-Xz-¯n\p \ncm-i-s¸-Sp-¯m¯ Ønc{]-Xo£ \evIp-Ibpw sN¿póp. hnizmkw `ocp-¡Ä¡pÅ A`-b-tI-{µ-a-ñ adn¨v, PohnXs¯ [oc-X-tbmsS ]pd-t¯¡v sImïp-hóv hnim-e-am¡p-óXm-Wv. Cu kvt\lw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-am-sWópw AXn-\mbn kzbw kaÀ¸n-¡m³ sImÅm-hp-ó-Xm-sWópw AXp \ap¡p Dd¸p \evIp-óp. ImcWw, AXnsâ ASn¯d ssZh-¯nsâ hniz-kvX-XbnemWv ImW-s¸-Sp-ó-Xv. B hniz-kvXX \ap-¡pÅ Fñm ZuÀ_-ey-§-sf-¡mfpw ià-am-Wv.
kaq-l-¯nse Pohn-X-¯n\v Hcp shfn¨w
54.
IpSpw-_-¯nð kzmwio-I-cn¡-s¸«pw AKm-[-am-¡s¸«pw hnizmkw Fñm kmaq-lnI _Ô-§-sfbpw {]Imin-¸n-¡m³ Ign-hpÅ Hcp Zo]-am-bn-¯o-cp-óp. ssZh-¯n-sâ ]nXr-Xz-¯n-sâbpw Ahn-Ss¯ Icp-W-bp-sSbpw A\p-`h-saó \ne-bnð AXv kmtlm-Z-cy-¯nsâ ]mX-bnð \ s½ \S-¯p-óp. ka-Xz-¯nð ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯nb Hcp kmtlm-Zcyw ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯m³ B[p-\n-I-Xm-hmZw ]cn-{ian-¨p. ]t£, B kmtlm-Zcyw AXnsâ BXy-´nI ASn-¯100
Hmtcm kv{Xobnepw ]pcpj\nepw F\n-¡pÅ Hcp A\p-{K-lapïv Fópw ssZh-¯nsâ apJ-Im´n ktlm-Z-§fpsS hZ-\¯n-eqsS Fsó {]Im-in¡p-óp-shópw ImWm³ hnizmkw Fsó ]Tn-¸n-¡p-óp.
kwLÀjanñm¯-Xm-bn-cp-ónsñ¦nepw hnizm-k-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw Bcw`w apXð kmtlm-Z-cy -¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-bn-cp-óp. ssZhw A{_m-ls¯ kz´w \m«nð\n óp ]pd-s¸-Sm³ hnfn-¨p. At±ls¯ AXp-ey-amb Hcp almP \-X-bm-¡p-saó,v ssZhn-Im-\p-{Kl-§Ä \nh-kn-¡pó Hcp alm P\-am-¡p-saó,v hmKvZm\w sNbvXp (cf. DXv] 12:1þ3). c£m-Ncn{Xw ]ptcm-K-an-¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp Imcyw \mw Isï-¯p-óp.tbip-hnð ]qÀWX tXSpó Cu GI- A-\p-{K-l-¯nð ktlm -Z-c§sfó \ne-bnð Gh-scbpw ]¦p-Imcm-¡-W-saóv ssZhw B{K-ln-¡p-óp-. Fñm-hcpw HómIm³ thïn-bm-W-Xv. ]nXm-hnsâ A£b kvt\lw tbip-hnð, ktlm-Z-c-§-fpsS kmón-[y-¯neq-sSbpw ]IÀóp \evI-s¸-Sp-óp. AXm-bXv Hmtcm kv{Xobnepw ]pcp 101
-j\nepw F\n-¡pÅ Hcp A\p-{K-lapïv Fópw ssZh¯nsâ apJ-Im´n ktlm-Z-§fpsS hZ-\¯n-eqsS Fsó {]Im-in-¡p-óp-shópw ImWm³ hnizmkw Fsó ]Tn-¸n¡p-óp. a\p-jy-\-K-c-¯n\v, AXnsâ s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯n\p thïn F{Xsb{X \òI-fmWv ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-ho-£Ww \ evIn-bn-«p-Å-Xv! hnizm-k-¯nsâ klm-b-¯mð Hmtcm hyàn-bp-sSbpw AXp-ey-a-l¯zw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \ap¡p km[n-¨n«p-ïv. AXp {]mNo-\-temI¯v kphn-ZnX-ambncp-ón-ñ. cïmw \qäm-ïnð hnPm-Xn-b\mb sNðkqkv hnUvVn-¯-saópw anYy-sbópw AbmÄ Icp-Xn-bn-cpó Hcm-i-b-¯nsâ t]cnð {InkvXym-\n-Isf Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibp-ïm-bn: ssZhw a\p-jy-\p-thïn temIw krjvSn¨v a\pjys\ {]]-ô¯nsâ AXyp-óX irwK-¯nð {]Xn-jvTn¨p. "]pñp hf-cp-óXv Gähpw ImS-¯-apÅ, hnth-I-an-ñm¯ arK-§Ä¡p-th-ïn-b-ñmsX a\p-jysâ D]-Im-c-¯n\p thïn-bm-sWóv Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-ó-sX-´p-sImïmWv?'46 kzÀK-¯nsâ Dó-X-¯nð\nóv \mw `qan-bn-te¡p t\m¡pI-bm-sW-¦nð \½psS {]hr-¯nIfpw Fdp-¼p-I-fp-sSbpw tX\o-¨-I-fp-sSbpw {]hr-¯n-Ifpw X½nð Fs´-¦nepw hyXymkw hmkvX-h-¯nð Dïm-bn-cn-¡ptam?47 ss__nfnse hnizm-k-¯nsâ aÀ½-¯nð ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\l-am-Wp-Å-Xv. Hmtcm hyànsb kw_-Ôn¨pw AhnSs¯ aqÀ¯-amb Icp-Xem-Wp-Å-Xv. a\p-jy-hw-i-s¯ apgp-h\pw kÀh-kr-jvSn-sbbpw BtÇ-jn-¡pó AhnSs¯ c£m-]-²-Xn-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. AXv tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ a\p-jym-h-Xmcw, ac-Ww, D°m\w Fón-h-bnð ]qÀ W-X-bn-se-¯póp. Cu bmYmÀ°y-w Xa-kvI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ a\p-jy-Pohs\ Aaq-eyhpw A\-\y-hp-am-¡p-ó-sXt´m AXp Xncn102
¨-dn-bm-\pÅ am\-ZWvUw Cñm-Xm-Ipóp; a\p-jy\v {]]-ô ¯nepÅ Øm\w \jvS-s¸-Spóp. Hóp-Inð kz´w [mÀ½ntIm-¯-c-hm-ZnXzw Dt]-£n-¨p-sImïv Ah³ {]Ir-Xn-bn-ð A{]-Xy-£-\m-Ipóp Asñ-¦nð koam-Xo-X-amb ssII-S¯-en-\pÅ Ah-Imiw kzbw Dsïóp `mhn¨v Ah³ tkz Om-[n-Im-cn-bmb Hcp hn[n-IÀ¯m-hmbn Na-bp-óp.
55.
t\tc-a-dn¨v, hnizmkw {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-ó-Xp-hgn {]Ir-Xnsb hfsctbsd BZ-cn-¡m\pw AXnð ssZh-Icw sImsï-gp-Xnb Hcp hymI-cWw Xncn-¨-dn-bm\pw, \½psS kwc-£-Wbv¡pw kq£¯n-\p-ambn Gev]n-¡-s¸« hm-k-Ø-eambn AXns\ BZcn-¡m\pw thï Ignhp \ap¡p \evIp-óp. D]-tbm-K£-a -X-bpw em`-hpw am{Xw ASn-Øm-\-am¡m-¯, krjvSnsb Hcp Zm\ambpw \s½ Fñm-h-scbpw AXn-t\mSv IS-¸m-Sp-Å -h-cmbpw Icp-Xp-óp. hnI-k-\-am-Xr-I-Isf Bkq-{XWw sN¿m³ hnizmkw \s½ klm-bn-¡p-óp. A[n-Imcw ssZh -¯nð \nóp hcp-óp-shópw AXnsâ e£yw s]mXp-\òbv¡p tkh\w sN¿p-I-sb-ó-Xm-sWópw a\-Ên-em¡n \oXn-]qÀh-I-amb Kh¬saâ v cq]-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw hnizmkw \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-óp. hnizmkw AXp-t]m-se-Xsó £an-¡m-\pÅ km[y Xbpw \evIp-óp. AXn\v an¡-t¸mgpw ka-bhpw ]cn-{iahpw kl-\-iànbpw kaÀ¸-W-_p-²nbpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. \ò BZn-bnse DÅ-Xm-sWópw Xnòsb¡mÄ IqSp-Xð ià-am-sWópw ssZhw \½psS Pohn-Xs¯ ]pjvSn-s¸-Sp¯m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡pó hN\w Fñm \ntj-[-§sf-¡mfpw AKm-[-am-sWópw \mw Iïp-]n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ £a km[yam-bn-¯o-cp-óp. tIhew \c-hwi-im-kv{X-]-c-amb \ne-] m-Snð \nóp t\m¡p-t¼mÄ sFIyw kwL-«-\-s¯-¡mÄ 103
t{ijvT-am-Wv. kwLÀjw ]qÀW-ambn Hgn-hm-¡m\m-hn-ñ. ]t£ AXp \mw Pohn-t¡-ï-Xv, AXp ]cn-l-cn-¡m\pw AXns\ AXn-Po-hn-¡m\pw AXns\ Hcp N§ebnse I®n -sb-ó-t]mse sFIy-¯n-te-¡pÅ Hcp aptó-ä-ambn ]cnhÀ¯n-¸n-¡m\pw {ian-¨p-sIm-ïm-Wv. hnizmkw ZpÀ_-e-am-Ip-t¼mÄ a\p-jy-PohnX-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-§fpw ZpÀ_-e-am-Im\pÅ A]-ISkm[y-X bpïv. alm-I-hn-bmb än.-F-Êv. Fen-b«v apó-dn-bn¸v \evInb-Xp-t]m-se-Xsó: "kwkvIm-capÅ kaq-l-¯nð \n§ Ä¡v A`n-am\n¡m³ Ign-bpó efn-X-amb t\«-§Ä t]mepw Ah-bpsS {]m[m-\y-¯n\p -I-S-s¸-«n-cn-¡pó hnizm-ks¯ AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ {]bm-k-am-sWóv \n§-tfmSp ]d-tbï-Xptïm?'48 \½psS \K-c-§-fnð\nóv ssZhhnizm-kw amän-¡-f-ªmð ]c-kv]-c-hn-izmkw ZpÀ_-e-am-Ipw. `bw sImïp-am{Xw \½Ä sFIy-s¸«p \nev¡pIbpw \½psS ØncXbv¡v `ojWn Dïm-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nð \mw C§s\ hmbn-¡póp: "Ah-cpsS ssZh-saóp hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-ó-Xnð ssZhw eÖn-¡p-ónñ. AhÀ¡mbn Ahn-Sóv Hcp \Kcw kÖ-am¡n-bn-«pïv' (sl{_m 11:16). ChnsS "eÖn-¡p-ónñ' Fó {]tbmKw s]mXp-Aw-Ko-Im-c-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. ]d-bm³ Dt±-in-¡p-óXv CXmWv: ssZhw aqÀ¯-amb Xsâ {]hr-¯n-IÄ hgn \½p-sS-bn-S-bnð kón-ln-X-\m-sWópw Hmtcm am\p-jn-I-_-Ô-s¯bpw ZrVo-I-cn-¡m³ Ahn-Sóv B{K-ln-¡p-óp-sh-ópw ]c-ky-{]kvXm-h\ sN¿p-óp. t\tca-dn¨v ssZhs¯ \½psS ssZh-saóp hnfn-¡m³ eÖn-¡póXv \½Ä BsW-¦ntem, s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯nð Ahn-Ss¯ Gäp-]-d-bm³ ]cm-P-b-s¸-SpóXv \½-fm-sW-¦ntem AhnSóv km[y-am-¡pó s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ al-\o-b-Xsb 104
Bhn-jvIcn¡m³ ]cm-P-b-s¸-SpóXv \½Ä BsW-¦ntem? hnizmkw kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-s¯ {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-óp. Ncn -{X-¯nsâ Hmtcm ]pXnb \nan-j-¯n\pw thïn AXv Hcp kÀKm-ß-I-shfn¨w kz´-am-¡n-bn-cn¡p-óp. Imc-Ww, AXv Fñm kw`-h-§sfbpw \s½ kvt\ln-¡pó ]nXm-hnð AXnsâ DXv]-¯n-tbmSpw `mK-t[-b-t¯m-Sp-apÅ _Ô -¯nð {]Xn-jvTn-¡póp.
kl-\-¯n-\n-S-bnð Bizm-khpw iànbpw
56.
hnip² ]utemkv Xsâ kl-\-§-sfbpw ]co-£I-sfbpw ]än tImdn-t´m-knse {InkvXym-\n-IÄ¡p FgpXp-t¼mÄ Xsâ kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-t¯mSv Xsâ hnizm-ks¯ _Ôn-¸n-¡p-óp-ïv. "Rm³ hniz-kn¨p; AXpsImïv Rm³ {]kw-Kn¨p' (2 tImdn 4:13) Fó thZ-{K-ÙhmIyw Xónð \nd-th-dn-b-Xmbn At±lw ]dbp-óp. 116-þmw k¦oÀ¯-\-¯nse Hcp hmIyt¯mSmWv AXnsâ ]cmaÀiw. AXnð k¦oÀ¯-I³ C§s\ DZvtLm-jn-¡póp: "Rm³ sImSnb Zpcn-X-¯nð AI-s¸«p Fóp ]d-ªt¸mgpw Rm³ Fsâ hnizmkw Im¯pkq£n¨p' (hmIyw 10). hnizm-ks¯¡pdn¨p kwkm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]e-t¸mgpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb ]co-£-Isf-¸-än-bpw ]d-tbïn hcmw. -A¯cw ]co-£-Ifn-emWv Gähpw t_m[yw hcp-¯pó kphn-ti-j-¯nsâ {]tLmj-Ww ]utem-kp ImWp-ó-Xv. Fs´-ómð, ZuÀ_-ey-¯nepw kl-\-¯n-ep-am-Wv \½psS ZuÀ_-ey-s¯bpw kl-\-s¯bpw Iog-S-¡pó ssZh¯nsâ iàn \mw Isï-¯p-ó-Xv. {InkvXym-\n-IÄ¡p Poh-\m-bn-¯o-cm-hpó Hcp acW¯nsâ kml-N-cy-¯nð A¸-kvtXm-e³ Xsó F¯n-s¸«p (cf. 2 tImdn 4:7þ12). ]co-£-bpsS aWn-¡q-dnð hnizmkw shfn¨w \evIp-óp. kl-\¯nepw ZuÀ_-ey¯nep-amWv "R§Ä DZvtLm-jn105
¡p-óXv R§-sf-¡p-dn-¨-ñ. {]Xyp-X, tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ IÀ¯m-hmbn«mWv' (2 tImdn 4:5). Fó hmIyw kphy-àam-Ip-ó-Xv. sl{_m-bÀ¡pÅ teJ-\-¯nse ]Xn-s\mómw A[ymbw hnizm-k-¯n\pthïn kln-¨-hsc ]cm-aÀin-¨psImïv D]-kw-l-cn-¡póp (cf. sl{_m 11:35-þ38). A§s\ kln-¨-h-cnð {it²-b-\m-bXv tami-bm-Wv. At±lw {InkvXphn-\p-thïn ]oU\w kln¨p (cf. hmIyw 26). kl\w Hgn-hm-¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-sñóp {InkvXym-\nIÄ Adn-bp-óp. Fómepw AXn\v AÀ°-ap-ïm-Imw. AXv kvt\l-¯n-sâ Hcp {]hr-¯nbpw \s½ Dt]-£n-¡m¯ ssZh-¯nsâ ssII-fn-te-¡pÅ kaÀ¸-W-hpw-am-Imw. A§s\ AXv hnizm-k-¯nepw kvt\l-¯n-ep-apÅ hfÀ¨bpsS Hcp ]Snbm-Imw. Ipcn-inse kl-\-¯nsâ ]mc-ay-¯nepw {InkvXp-hn\p ]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp-ïm-bn-cpó sFIy-s¯-¸än (cf.aÀt¡m 15/34) [ym\n-¡pó {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {InkvXp-hnsâ AtX ho£W-¯nð ]¦p-tN-cm³ ]Tn-¡póp. acWw t]mepw Zo]vXam-bn-¯o-cpóp. hnizm-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ A-´n-a hnfnbmbn ac-WwPohn-¡m-hp-ó-Xm-Wv. "\nsâ Pò-\m-«nð \nóp ]pd -s¸-SpI' (DXv] 12:1) sbó ]nXm-hnsâ BXy-´n-I-hn-fnbmbn, "hcpI'sbó hnfn-bmbn A\p-`-hn-¡mhpó-Xm-Wv. \½psS Ahkm\ Nph-Sp-h-bv]nepw \s½ Ahn-Sóv kpZrV-cmbn \ndp-¯p-saó -hn-izm-k-t¯m-sS- Cu ]nXm-hn\v \mw kzbw kaÀ¸n-¡póp.
57.
hnizm-k- sh-fn¨w Cu temI-¯nsâ kl-\-§sf hnkva-cn-¡m³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-ón-ñ. hnizm-knIfmb F{Xtbm kv{Xo]p-cp-j-òmÀ¡mWv shfn-¨-¯nsâ a[y-Ø cmbn kln-¡p-óÀ amdn-bn-«pÅ-Xv. A§-s\-bmWv IpjvT-tcm-Kn -AÊo-kn-se hnip-² -{^m³knkn\pw Zcn-{ZÀ 106
hnizm-k- sh-fn¨w Cu temI-¯nsâ kl-\-§sf hnkvacn-¡m³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-ón-ñ. hnizm-knIfmb F{Xtbm kv{Xo ]p-cp-j-òmÀ¡mWv shfn-¨-¯nsâ a[y-Øcmbn kln-¡p-óÀ amdn-bn-«pÅ-Xv.
Ið¡-«-bnse hmgv¯-s¸« aZÀ sXtc-k-mbv¡pw shfn-¨-ta-In-b-Xv. IpjvT-tcm-Kn-bnepw Zcn-{Z-cnepw {]hÀ¯n-¡pó clkyw AhÀ {Kln¨p. kln-¡p-ó-h-cn-te¡v ASp-¯p-sImïv AhÀ¡v XoÀ¨bmbpw AhcpsS Fñm thZ-\ Ifpw Cñm-Xm-¡mt\m Hmtcm Xnòbv¡pw hni-Zo-I-cWw \evImt\m Ign-ªn-ñ. \½psS Ccp«p apgph\pw \o¡n¡fbpó shfn-¨ añ hnizm-kw. ]n-sótbm cm{Xnbnð \½psS Ime-Sn-Isf \bn¡pó hnf-¡m-WXv. bm{Xbv¡v AXp aXn-bm-Ipw. Fñm Imcy§Ä¡pw hni-Zo-I-cWw \ev Ipó \ymb-§-sfmópw ssZhw kln-¡pó-h-tcmSv ]d-bp-ón-ñ. ]n-sótbm, IqsS N-cn-¡pó kmón-[y-¯n-sâ- cq]-¯n-emWv Ahn-S-\\p adp-]Sn \evIp-ó-Xv. {InkvXp-hnð, ssZhw Xsó \t½m-sSm¸w Cu ]mX ]¦n-Sm\pw \ap¡v Cu ]mX-bnð shfn¨w ZÀin-¡m-\mbn Xsâ ho£Ww k½m-\n¡m\pw Xncp-a-\-Êm-bn. {InkvXp-hmWv thZ\ kln-¨p -sImïv "\½psS hnizm-k-¯nsâ {]mcw-`-I\pw AXns\ ]qÀW-Xbnð F¯n-¡p-ó-h\pw Bb-h³' 107
(sl{_ 12:2).Hmtcm kl-\-]Àh-¯nepw Hcp {]Im-i -hm-Xmb\w Xpd-¡m³ kl-\-N-cn-{X-t¯mSp tNcpó \ò-bp-sS -N-cn-{X-¯nsâ cq]-¯nð.
a§-te-¡m³ \ap¡v A\p-h-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡mw. Ime-am-I-s«, `mthym-òp-J-am-Wv. {]Xym-i-tbmsS aptó-dm³ AXp \s½ Dt¯-Pn-¸n-¡p-óp.
s]mXp-\òbv¡p hnizmkw sN¿pó tkh\w Ft¸mgpw {]XymibptS-Xm-sW-óv kl\w \s½ A\p-kva-cn-¸n-¡póp. ssZh-¯nð \nóp am{XamWv, D°n-X-\mb tbip-hnð \nóphcpó `mhn-bnð \nóp am{XamWv, \½psS kaq-l¯n\v kpZr-Vhpw imiz-X-hp-amb ASn-Øm-\-§Ä Isï¯m³ Ign-bpI Fó-dn-ªv {]Xymi Ft¸mgpw apón-te¡p t\m¡póp. Cu AÀ°-¯nð hnizmkw {]Xymi-tbmSp _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. ImcWw, ChnsS Xmsg \ap-¡pÅ hm-ktKlw PoÀWn¨p t]mIp-I-bm-sW-¦nepw \ap¡p imiz-X-amb Hcp hk-Xnbpïv; {InkvXphnð Ahn-Ss¯ ico-c-¯nð, ssZhw CXn-\Iw kam-cw-`n-¨Xm-WXv (cf 2 tImdn 4:16-þ5:5). hnizmkw, icWw, kvt\lw Fón-h-bpsS kzbw Ne-\m-ß-IX (cf 1 sXkm 1:3; 1 tImdn 13:13) A§s\ B \K-c-¯n-te-¡pÅ \½psS bm{X-bnð Fñm a\pjycp-sSbpw DXvI-WvTIsf BtÇ-jn-¡m³ {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡póp. "B \K-c-¯nsâ inev]nbpw \nÀ½m-Xmhpw ssZh-amWv' (sl{_m 11:10). Fs´-ómð "{]Xymi \s½ \ncm-i-cm ¡pónñ' (tdmam 5:5).
hniz-kn-¨-hÄ `mKy-hXn (eq¡m 1:45)
hnizm-kt¯mSpw kvt\l-t¯mSpapÅ sFIy-¯nð, euInI hn{K-l-§fpsS ambm-\nÀt±-i-§Ä¡v _Z-embn Hcp hyXy-kvX-am-\-¯nð {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Ip-óXpw A\p-Zn\-Po-hn-X-¯n\v ]pXp-i-ànbpw ]p¯³ B¡hpw \evIpó-Xp-amb Dd-¸pÅ `mhn-bn-te¡v {]Xymi \s½ DbÀ¯nhn-Sp-óp. Imes¯ inYn-eo-I-cn¨v AXns\ Øeam¡n amäp-óXpw \½psS {]bm-Ws¯ XS-bp-ó-Xp-amb XmXvImenI ]cn-lm-c-§tfm \nÀt±-i-§-tfm-sImïv {]Xym-ibv¡v 108
58.
hnX-¡m-csâ D]-a-bnð "\ñ \ne-¯n'-sâ AÀ°w hyà-am-¡n-s¡mïv tbip ]d-bpó hm¡p-IÄ hnip² eq¡m tcJ-¸-Sp-¯nbn-«pïv: "...ChÀ hN\w tI«v, DXvIrjvShpw \nÀ½-e-hp-amb lrZ-b-¯nð AXp kw{Kln¨v £a-tbmsS ^ew ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-ó-h-cmWv' (eq¡m 8:15). eq¡m-bpsS kphn-ti-j-¯nsâ kml-N-cy-¯nð hN\w tIÄ¡p-Ibpw kq£n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pó DXvIr-jvShpw \nÀ ½-ep-amb lrZbs¯¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀiw I\y-Im-a-dn-b¯n-\pÅ hnizm-k-¯nsâ AXnkq£va Nn-{XoIcWam-Wv. B kphn-tijI³ Xsó adn-b-¯nsâ kvac-W-sb-¡pdn¨p {]kvXm-hn-¡p-óp-ïv. h-N\w Xsâ Pohn-X-¯nð ^ew ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-ó-Xn-\p-thïn Xm³ tIÄ¡p-Ibpw ImWp-Ibpw sNbvX-sXñmw AhÄ F§s\ lrZ-b-¯nð kq£n¨pshóp ]d-bp-óp-ïv. IÀ¯m-hnsâ A½ hnizmk-¯nsâ ]qÀW-X-bpÅ sF¡¬ BWv, hnip² Fen-k_¯p ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse Xsó: "hniz-kn-¨-hÄ `mKy-hXn' (eq¡m 1:45). kmdm- XpS-§n ]qÀh-]n-Xm-¡-òm-Às¡m¸w ssZh-¯nsâ hmKvZm\w ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡m\pw ]pXp-Po-h³ ]qjv]n-¡m\pw CSw \evIn-b-h-cmb hnizm-kn-I-fmb At\Iw kv{XoP-\§-fpsS hnh-cWw DÄs¡m-Åpó ]gb \nb-a-¯nsâ \oï hnizm-k-N-cn{Xw kntbm³ ]p{Xn-bmb adn-b-¯nð \nd-thdp-óp. Ime-k-¼qÀW-X-bnð adn-b-¯nsâ ]¡-te¡p hó ssZh-h-N-\s¯ apgp-k-¯-tbmSpw IqsS AhÄ Xsâ lrZb-¯nð kzoI-cn-¨p. Ah-fnð AXp amwkw [cn-¡m\pw 109
a\p-jyÀ¡pÅ shfn-¨-ambn P\n-¡m\pw thïn-bm-bn-cpóp, AXv. cà-km-£n-bmb hnip² PÌn³ Xsâ "{Snt^mbp-am-bpÅ kw`m-j-W¯nð' Fó {KÙ-¯nð lrZb-lmcn-bmb Hcp {]tbmKw \S-¯p-óp-ïv. adnbw amem-J-bpsS ktµiw kzoI-cn-¨p-sImïv "hnizm-k-s¯bpw kt´m-js¯bpw' KÀ`w[cn-¨p-shóv At±lw \t½mSp ]d-bp-óp.49 tbiphnsâ A½-bnð hnizmkw AXnsâ ]qÀW-X-bnð ^e-aWn-ªp. \½psS B[ym-ßnI PohnXw ^e-w \evIpt¼mÄ \mw kt´m-j-¯mð ]qcnX-cm-Ipw. AXv hnizm-k¯nsâ al-¯z-¯nsâ Gähpw hyà-amb AS-bm-f-amWv. Xsâ ]p{Xsâ Ime-Sn-Isf ]n³sN-óp-sImïv adnbw Xsâ Pohn-X-¯nð hnizm-k-XoÀ°m-S\w ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¨p.50 A§s\ adn-b¯nð ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nse hnizm-kbm{X, {InkvXm\p-K-a\ cq]w ssIs¡m-Åp-Ibpw a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX ssZh-]p-{Xsâ Xsó ISm-£-¯n-te¡p {] th-in-¨p-sImïv Ahn-S-ó-Xn-\mð cq]m-´-co-I-cn¡s¸Sm³ kzbw hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp.
59.
ap¼v Rm³ Duón-¸-dª Hcp hkvXpX ]cn-ip² I\y-Im-a-dn-b-¯nð ImWp-óp-shóp ]qÀWambn \ap¡p ]d-bmw. AXm-b-Xv, hniz-kn-¡pó hyàn- Xsâ hnizm-k{]-Jym-]-\-¯n-ð DÄt¨-cp-óp. tbip-hn-t\m-SpÅ Ah-fpsS Dä-_Ôw aqew adnbw \mw hnizmk-n-¡póXv Ft´m AXnt\mSv Xn«-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. adn-b-¯nsâ I\y-ImKÀ`-[m-c-W-¯nð {InkvXp-hnsâ ssZh-]]p{XXz¯nsâ hyà-amb AS-bmfw \ap¡p \evIp-óp. {InkvXp-hnsâ \nXy-amb DdhnSw ]nXm-hnem-Wv. k¼qÀWhpw A\-\y-hpamb AÀ°-¯nð Ahn-Sóv ssZh]p{X-\m-Wv. AXp-sImïv ]pcp-jsâ CSs]Sð IqSmsX Ahn-S-óp Ime-¯nð P\n¨p. ssZh]p{X-s\ó \ne-bnð tbip temI-¯n\p ]pXnb 110
XpS-¡-hpw- ]p-Xnb {]Im-ihpw a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-¯n³tað hÀjn-¡-s¸« ssZh-¯nsâ hnizkvXkvt\-l-¯n-\pÅ ]qÀWXbpw sImïphóp. adp-h-i¯v Fómð adn-b¯nsâ bYmÀ°-am-XrXzw ssZh-]p-{X\v bYmÀ° a\p-jyN-cn{Xw, Dd-¸m-¡p-óp, Ipcn-inð acn-¡p-Ibpw arX-cnð \nóv DbnÀ¡p-Ibpw sN-¿pó bYmÀ° icocw Dd¸phcp-¯n. adnbw tbip-hn-t\m-sSm¸w Ipcn-ip-hsc kôcn¡pw (cf tbml 19:25). Ahn-sS-\nóv Ah-fpsS amXrXzw tbip-hnsâ Hmtcm injy-\n-te¡pw hym]n-¡pw (cf tbml 19:26þ27). tbip-hnsâ D°m-\-¯n\pw kzÀKm-tcm-l-W-¯n-\p-wtijw AhÄ skln-tbm³ Du«p-im-e-bnð Çol-òmtcmSp tNÀóv ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ Zm\-¯n-\mbn {]mÀ°n-¨p-sImïv kónln-X-bm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw (cf A¸ 1:14). ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhpw X½n-epÅ kvt\l¯nsâ Ne\w \½psS Ncn-{X-¯n-eqsS IS-óp-t]mbn. \s½ c£n-¡m³ thïn {InkvXp \s½ Xónte¡v BIÀ-jn-¨p (cf tbml 12:32). kv{Xobnð \nóp P\n¨, ssZh-]p{X-\mb tbip-hns\ Gäp-]-d-bp-ó-h-\mWv hnizm-k-¯nsâ tI{µ_n-µp. Ahn-Sóv ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ Zm\-¯n-eqsS Z¯p-]p -{X-Øm-\-t¯¡v \s½ {]th-in-¸n-¡p-ó.(cf Kem 4 :4).
60.
k`-bpsSbpw \½psS hnizm-k-¯nsâbpw A½bmb adn-b-¯n-te¡p {]mÀ°\m]qÀhw \ap¡v Xncn-bmw. At½, R§-fpsS hnizm-ks¯ klmbn-¡-W-ta. ssZh-kzchpw Ahn-Ss¯ hnfnbpw Xncn-¨-dn-bm\mbn hN-\-¯n\p apónð R§-fpsS ImXp-Isf - Xpd-¡-Wta. R§-fpsS hnizmkw ]IzX {]m]n-¡m-\mbn hnfn-¡-s¸Sp-t¼mÄ, ]oU-\-§fp-sSbpw Ipcn-in-sâbpw \nan-j-§-fnð khn-ti-j-am-bpw, Ahn-S-ónð ]qÀW-ambn B{i-bn-¡m\pw 111
Ahn-Ss¯ kvt\l-¯nð hniz-kn-¡m\pw R§sf XpW¨m-epw. D°n-X-\m-b-hsâ kt´mjw R§-fpsS hnizm-k-¯nð hnX-bv¡-W-ta. hniz-kn-¡p-ó-hÀ Hcn-¡epw Häbv¡-sñ-óv R§sf HmÀ½n-¸n-¡-W-ta. R§-fpsS ]mX-bnð tbip shfn-¨-am-Im³ Ahn-Ss¯ I®p-IÄsImïv t\m¡m³ R§sf ]Tn-¸n-¨mepw. A§bpsS ]p{X\pw R§-fpsS IÀ¯m-hp-amb {InkvXp Xsóbmb B AkvX-an-¡m¯ Zn\w DZbw sN¿pw-hsc Cu hnizmk shfn¨w R§-fnð Fópw hf-c-s«. \nsâ ]p{X\pw R§-fpsS IÀ¯m-hp-amb {InkvXpXsó-bm-Wtñm Cu {]Im-iw. tdmanð skâ v ]otä-gvknð Pq¬ 29-þmw- Xo-b-Xn, ]t{Xmkv ]utemkv Çol-òm-cpsS Xncp-\mÄ Znhkw 2013-þmw hÀj¯nð, Fsâ ]c-am-Nm-cy-Xz-¯nsâ Hómw hÀjw \evIs¸-«-Xv.
[1] Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 121, 2: PG 6, 758. [2] Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus, IX: PG 8, 195. [3] Brief an Elisabeth Nietzsche (11 June 1865), in: Werke in drei Bänden, München, 1954, 953ff. [4] Paradiso XXIV, 145-147. [5] Acta Sanctorum, Junii, I, 21. [6] “Though the Council does not expressly deal with faith, it speaks of it on every page, it recognizes its living, supernatural character, it presumes it to be full and strong, and it bases its teachings on it. It is sufficient to recall the Council’s statements… to see the essential importance which the Council, in line with the doctrinal tradition of the Church, attributes to faith, the true faith, which has its source in Christ, and the magisterium of the Church for its channel” (Paul VI, General Audience [8 March 1967]: Insegnamenti V [1967], 705). [7] Cf., for example, First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith Dei Filius, Ch. 3: DS 3008-3020; Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 153-165. [8] Cf. Catechesis V, 1: PG 33, 505A. [9] In Psal. 32, II, s. I, 9: PL 36, 284. [10] M. Buber, Die Erzählungen der Chassidim, Zürich, 1949, 793. [11] Émile, Paris, 1966, 387. [12] Lettre à Christophe de Beaumont, Lausanne, 1993, 110. [13] Cf. In Ioh. Evang., 45, 9: PL 35, 1722-1723. [14] Part II, IV.
{^m³knkv ]m¸
[15] De Continentia, 4, 11: PL 40, 356. [16] “Vom Wesen katholischer Weltanschauung” (1923), in Unterscheidung des Christlichen. Gesammelte Studien 1923-1963, Mainz, 1963, 24. [17] XI, 30, 40: PL 32, 825. [18] Cf. ibid., 825-826. [19] Cf. Vermischte Bemerkungen / Culture and Value, ed. G.H. von Wright, Oxford, 1991, 32-33; 61-64. [20] Homiliae in Evangelia, II, 27, 4: PL 76, 1207. [21] Cf. Expositio super Cantica Canticorum, XVIII, 88: CCL, Continuatio Mediaevalis 87, 67. [22] Ibid., XIX, 90: CCL, Continuatio Mediaevalis 87, 69. [23] “The obedience of faith (Rom 16:26; compare Rom 1:5, 2 Cor 10:5-6) must be our response to the God who reveals. By faith one freely submits oneself entirely to God mak-
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ing the full submission of intellect and will to God who reveals, and willingly assenting to the revelation given by God. For this faith to be accorded, we need the grace of God, anticipating it and assisting it, as well as the interior helps of the Holy Spirit, who moves the heart and converts it to God, and opens the eyes of the mind and makes it easy for all to accept and believe the truth. The same Holy Spirit constantly perfects faith by his gifts, so that revelation may be more and more deeply understood” (Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5). [24] Cf. H. Schlier, Meditationen über den Johanneischen Begriff der Wahrheit, in Besinnung auf das Neue Testament. Exegetische Aufsätze und Vorträge 2, Freiburg, Basel, Wien, 1959, 272.
[44] Cf. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (Uniform Edition: Longmans, Green and Company, London, 1868-1881), 185-189. [45] Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10. [46] Origen, Contra Celsum, IV, 75: SC 136, 372. [47] Ibid., 85: SC 136, 394. [48] “Choruses from The Rock”, in The Collected Poems and Plays 1909-1950, New York, 1980, 106.
[25] Cf. S. Th. III, q. 55, a. 2, ad 1.
[49] Cf. Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 100, 5: PG 6, 710.
[26] Sermo 229/L (Guelf. 14), 2 (Miscellanea Augustiniana 1, 487/488): “Tangere autem corde, hoc est credere”.
[50] Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 58.
[27] Cf. Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 73: AAS (1999), 61-62. [28] Cf. Confessiones, VIII, 12, 29: PL 32, 762. [29] De Trinitate, XV, 11, 20: PL 42, 1071: “verbum quod intus lucet “. [30] Cf. De Civitate Dei, XXII, 30, 5: PL 41, 804. [31] Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000), 15: AAS 92 (2000), 756. [32] Demonstratio Apostolicae Predicationis, 24: SC 406, 117. [33] Cf. Bonaventure, Breviloquium, prol.: Opera Omnia, V, Quaracchi 1891, 201; In I Sent., proem, q. 1, resp.: Opera Omnia, I, Quaracchi 1891, 7; Thomas Aquinas, S. Th I, q.1. [34] Cf. De Baptismo, 20, 5: CCL 1, 295. [35] Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 8. [36] Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 59. [37] Cf. Epistula Barnabae, 11, 5: SC 172, 162. [38] Cf. De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia I, 4, 5: PL 44, 413: “Habent quippe intentionem generandi regenerandos, ut qui ex eis saeculi filii nascuntur in Dei filios renascantur”. [39] Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 8. [40] In Nativitate Domini Sermo, 4, 6: SC 22, 110. [41] Cf. Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, I, 10, 2: SC 264, 160. [42] Cf. ibid., II, 27, 1: SC 294, 264. [43] Cf. Augustine, De Sancta Virginitate, 48, 48: PL 40, 424-425: “Servatur et in fide inviolata quaedam castitas virginalis, qua Ecclesia uni viro virgo casta coaptatur”.
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