Viswasathinte velicham

1

Nm{InI teJ\w

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

2

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

3

Nm{InI teJ\w

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w (LUMEN FIDEI)

{^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏

hnh¿Ø\w:

^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un.

CARMEL INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE TRIVANDRUM, KERALA, INDIA – 695 014

2013

4

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Encyclical Letter

Viswasathinte Velicham (Malayalam)

POPE FRANCIS Translated by

Fr. Mathew Thundathil, OCD Scrutinized by

Fr. James Alakkuzhiyil, OCD Fr. Cyril Puthiyaparambil, OCD Fr. Jose Thaiparambil, OCD Second Edition

July 2013 Published, Printed & Distributed by

Carmel International Publishing House Trivandrum, India — 695 014 e-mail: ciph@md4.vsnl.net.in; ciph@asianetindia.com Website : www.carmelpublications.com ciph impressions, Trivandrum

© Publishers Price $ 40.00 Cum Permissu Superiorum

All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in part in any form

CIPH No. 237A

July 2013

10,000

5

D≈-S°w t]Pv

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn®w hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-tS≠ Hcp shfn®w

11 12 15

A[ymbw H∂v

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (cf. 1 tbml. 4:16) A{_mlw, hnizm-k-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ]nXmhv C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizmkw ss{IkvXhhnizm-k-Øns‚ ]q¿WX hnizm-k-Øn-ep≈ c£ hnizm-k-Øns‚ k`m-]-c-amb am\w

21 26 31 37

41

A[ymbw c≠v

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√ (cf. Gi. 7:9) hnizm-khpw kXyhpw kXyw, hnizmkw Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv hnizmkw, {ihWw ImgvN F∂o \ne-I-fnhnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw hnizm-khpw ssZhmt\z-j-Whpw hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw

44 48

53 58 63

67

6

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

A[ymbw aq∂v

F\n°p e`n-®Xv Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n-®p-X∂p (cf. 1 tImdn. 15:3) k`, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXmhv IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]k-c-Whpw hnizm-khpw {]m¿∞-\bpw ]Øp Iev]-\-Ifpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ sFIyhpw ka-{K-Xbpw

70 75 83 85

A[ymbw \mev

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xøm-dm-°p∂p (cf. sl{_m. 11:16) hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-∑bpw hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp shfn®w kl-\-Øn¬ Bizm-khpw i‡nbpw hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn (cf. eq°m 1:45)

90 93 95 100 104

Notes

108

7

ssZh-Øns‚ hnc¬kv]¿iap≈ Hcp {]t_m-[-\-tcJ "BapJan√mØ' Hcp {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bm-Wn-sX∂v Cu {]km-[-I-°p-dn-∏n\v Bap-J-ambn Ipdn-°p-hm≥ tXm∂p∂p. A]q¿h-X-Iƒ sIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-amb Cu Nm{InI-te-J-\-Øn-s‚ kq£va-hm-b-\-I-fn-te°p \bn-°-s∏Sp-tºmƒ \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ F{X-sb{X Nmcp-X-I-fnsem-∂m-Wn-Xv. {^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsS Cu {]Y-a-Nm-{In-I-teJ-\-Øn¬ At±lwXs∂ FSpØp]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse (\w. 7) s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-as‚ ]¶ns\ kqNn-∏n®p-sIm≠v ""Hcp bp‹-Km\wt]mse'' F∂pw Hm´-a-’-cØn¬ "_m‰¨' ssIam-dp-∂-Xp-t]mse F∂p-am-Wv sa{Xm-∑m¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xncp-kw-L-Øns‚ {^os^IvSv I¿±n-\mƒ am¿°v HuΔ-se‰v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS "ssZhw kvt\l-am-Ip∂p', "{]Xym-i-bn¬ c£' F∂o Nm{In-Ite-J-\-߃°p ]qc-I-am-bn, "hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w' ss{Ikv X - h - P o- h n- X - Ø ns‚ B[m- c - k v X w- ` - ß - f m- b , hnizm-kw, {]Xym-i, kvt\lw F∂o ssZhn-I-]p-Wyß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {]t_m-[-\-Øn\v ]q¿ÆX \¬Ip-Ibm- W v . "kv t \l'Øn¬ XpSßn Ct∏mƒ "hnizmk'-

8

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Øn¬ kam-]n-°p∂ Ch-bpsS hn]-co-X-{I-ahpw ""kvt\l-amWp k¿tΔm-XvIrjvS''sa∂ hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚ hN-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.

CXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, \ΩpsS {]mtZ-inI am[y- a - ß - f n- s e- ∂ - X p- t ]mse BtKm- f - a m- [ yaßfnepw "hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w' Xcw-K-am-bn. ""s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma≥ am¿]m∏bpsS "HkyØv' '' F∂pw {^m≥kokv am¿]m∏bpsS ]camNmcyXz-Øns‚ BapJ {]`m-jWw F∂p-am-Wv, tdm_¿´v ]n. Csº√n, ""Atacn°'' F∂ amkn-I-bn¬ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-sØ-°pdn-s®-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Cu Ime-L-´-Ønse a\p-jy-sc G‰-hpa-[nIw _m[n-°p∂ {]iv\-ß-fmWv Cu tcJ ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw ItØm-en-°cpw AItØm-en-°cpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fp-sams° {i≤n-°p∂ At\Iw {]ta-b-ß-fn-te°v CXp Xpd-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw am[y-a-߃ \nco-£n-®p. hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ `mKw AXo-h{i-t≤-b-amWv F∂v kv]m-\ojv h¿Ø-am-\-]-{X-amb "em dmtkm¨' A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p.

Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn ""hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w'' AhX-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v Cu {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bnse ""\Ωƒ'' F∂ {]tbmKw am{X-amWv I¿±n-\mƒ am¿°v HuΔse‰v ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ CXnse Hmtcm ]Zhpw Hmtcm {]tbm-Khpw hfsc Bg-Ønepw hni-Z-ambpap≈ Kth-jW- ] - T - \ - ß ƒ°v hnj- b - a m- t I- ≠ - h - b m- W v : "hnizmk'tØmSp _‘-s∏-SpØn bm{X, Hm¿Ω, kXyw, bp‡n, ImgvN, tIƒhn, kv]¿i-\w, IpSpw_w F∂n-ßs\ H‰hm- ° n¬ Hm¿Øn- c n- ° m- h p- ∂ - h bv ° p ]pdta; c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp kq\-ltZmkv F∂ \ne-bn¬, hnizm-khpw c£m-I-c-c-l-ky-

BapJw

9

hpw, hnizm-khpw kphn-tij {]tLm-j-W-hpw, ssZha-\p-jy-_-‘-Øns‚ Dujva-fX, hnizm-khpw a\p-jy_-‘-ßfpw, hnizm-k-{]-k-c-Whpw k`-bpw, hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{X-hpw-, CXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂ hnip≤{KŸ-`m-K-߃, hnizmkw Pohn-®-h¿, F∂n-ßs\ ]T-\-a-\-\-߃°v hnt[-b-am-t°-≠p∂ F{Xtbm hnj-bß-fm-Wn-Xpƒs°m-≈pI! Hcp kw`m-jWwt]mse hm¿∂phogp∂ {^m≥kokv ]m∏-bpsS X\-Xmb ssien CXn-em-Zy¥w ap{Zn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "Bap-J-'Øns‚ Hu]-Nm-cn-IX Hgnhm-°p-∂-Xnse {i≤ Chn-sS-bmWp \mw Xncn-®dn-bp-I. ""Gsdbpw s_\- U nIv S v ]Xn- \ m- d m- a s‚, BI- a m\w {^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsSbpw'' F∂ Hcp C‰m-en-b≥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-bpsS \nco-£Ww apJ-hn-e-bvs°-Sp-°msa-¶n¬, Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-hn-im-c-Zs‚ Nn¥m-K-cn-asb ]q¿Æ-ambpw Dƒs°m≠v C{X A\m-bm-k-e-fn-X-ambn AXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ {^m≥kokv ]m∏-bpsS ssienbpw Kth-j-W-hn-j-b-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hm°p-I-fn-se-∂√ hmN--I-L-S-\-bnse hncm-a-Nn”-ß-fn¬t]mepw ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ ss\c¥cyw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p∂ cN-\m-ssi-ensb A¥x-kØ tNm¿∂p- t ]m- I m- s X AXo- h - { i- ≤ - t bm- S p- I q- S n- Ø - s ∂bmWv Cu ]cn-`m-j-bnepw kao-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. 2013 Pqembv 10˛mw XobXn _p[-\mgvN L'Osservatore Romano˛-bpsS Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n¬ {]kn≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ]-cn-`mj 18˛mw XobXn hymgmgvN "am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]{X'Øns‚ ae-bmfw ]Xn-∏n¬ R߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

Npcp-ßnb Znh-k-߃°p-≈n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ, A¥x-k-Ø-bn¬ Aev]w-t]mepw tNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn°p-∂-Xn¬ ]q¿Æ-{i≤ \evIp-hm≥ R߃°p Ign-

10

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

™Xv CXn¬ BZy¥w ]Xn-™n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ hnc¬-kv]¿iw R߃°pw A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{X-am-Wv. hØn-°m-\n¬ 'Lumen Fidei' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ {]Xo-I-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-tbmsS {^m≥kokv am¿ ]m-∏, tbip-hns\ {]Xn\n-[m\w sNøp∂ s]klmØncn (Lumen Christi) sXfn-°p∂ apJ-Nn-{X-amWv \evInbn-cp-∂-Xv. BtKm-f-P-\X Npcp-ßnb BgvN-Iƒ sIm≠pXs∂ lrZ-b-`n-Øn-I-fn-ep-b¿Øn, temI-Øns‚ apJNn-{X-ambn amdn-°-gn™ Cu Nn{Xw Ih¿Nn{X-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ, B IÆp-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ "hnizmk-Øns‚', {]Xym-i-bp-sS shfn®w R߃ Xncn-®-dnbp-∂p. Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]{X-Øn-eqsS R߃ tIc-f-k-`bv°p ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw as‰m-∂-√. {^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsSXs∂ hm°p-Iƒ D≤cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu Ipdn∏v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw: ""apgp-h≥ ssZh- P - \ - Ø n- \ p- a mbn kt¥m- j - ] q¿Δw Rm≥ CXp ka¿∏n°p-∂p... hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap-≈-Xm-°phm\pw C∂sØ {]iv\-ßsf hnizm-k-tØmsS A`nap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu Nm{In-Ite-J-\-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ßfpw ssZh-sØbpw Pohn-XØns‚ A¿∞hpw At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v klm-b-IamIpw F∂mWv Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-{]-Xn-cq-]-amb ]cn-ip≤ I\y-Im-a-dnbw I¿Ømhv B{K-ln-°p∂ ^ew \ap°v e`y-am-°s´.'' \μn!

^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.kn.Un. Ub-d-IvS¿

11

hnizm-ksØ°pdn®v sa{Xm-∑m¿°pw sshZn-I¿°pw Uo°-∑m¿°pw ka¿∏n-X¿°pw Aevamb hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw ]c-am-Nm-cy≥ {^m≥kokv am¿]m-∏-bpsS

Nm{InI teJ\w

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w 1. hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w: tbip sIm≠p-h∂ Cu alm-Zm-\-sØ-°p-dn®v, k`m-]m-c-ºcyw C{]-Im-c-amWv ]dbp-I. tbml-∂m≥ Fgp-Xnb kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ tbip, Ahn-Sp-sØ°pdn®pXs∂ ]d-bp-∂p: ""F∂n¬ hnizkn°p-∂-h-cmcpw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ hkn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v, Rm≥ shfn-®-ambn temI-Øn-te°p h∂n-cn-°p∂p'' (tbml. 12:46). hnip≤ ]utemkpw AtX {]Xn-cq]w D]-

12

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p: ""A‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n∂v shfn®w DZn-°s´'' F∂p ]d™ ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv, ""Rß-fpsS lrZ-bßsf {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv'' (2 tImdn. 4:6). {]Im-i-Øn-\pth-≠n-bp≈ hni-∏-\p-`-h-s∏´ hn{K-lm-cm-[-I¿, kqcys\ tZh-\mbn (Sol Invictus) ]qPn-°p∂-Xp I≠n´v, Znh-khpw kqtcym-Z-b-Øn¬ {]m¿∞n-®p-t]m∂p. kqcy≥, Hmtcm Zn\hpw ]pXn-bX - mbn DZn-®pb-cp∂psh-¶nepw a\p-jym-kvXnXz-Øns‚ F√m Xe-ßfn-epw {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-hm≥ AXn\v Ign-hp-≠m-bncp-∂n√. kqcy≥ F√m bmYm¿∞yß-sfbpw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂n-√. a\p-jys‚ angn-Iƒ AS™n- c n- ° p∂ ac- W - Ø ns‚ \ng- e ns\ t`Zn- ° p- h m≥, kqcys‚ Inc-W-߃°v tijn-bn-√. c‡-km-£n-bmb PÃn≥ Fgp-Xn: ""kqcy-\n-ep≈ Xs‚ hnizm-k-sØ-{]Xn Poh≥ shSn-bp-hm≥ Bcpw Hcn-°epw Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√.''1 hnizmkw Xß-fpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ A\-¥-amb N{I-hm-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-[-tØmsS, ss{IkvXh¿, ""Poh≥ \ev-Ip∂ {]Imi''2amb tbiphns\, bYm¿∞ kqcy-\mbn hnfn-®-t]-£n-®p. Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ emkdns‚ ac-W-Øn¬ hne-]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ a¿ØmtbmSv tbip tNmZn-®p: ""hniz-kn-®m¬ \o ssZh-a-lØzw Z¿in-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ \nt∂mSp ]d-™nt√?'' (tbml.

11:40). hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Xß-fpsS bm{Xsb apgp-h\pw {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p∂ shfn-®-Øn-eqsS ImWp-∂p; Fs¥∂m¬, Hcn°epw AkvX-an-°mØ {]`m-X-kq-cy≥, D∞nX-\mb I¿Øm-hn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Im-iw BWv A-Xv.

Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn®w?

2. F∂n-cp-∂mepw hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®-sØ-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn°p-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS ka-Im-en-I-cn¬ At\Iw

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w

13

t]cpsS FXn¿∏p-Iƒ Xs∂bpw \ap°p tIƒ°m≥ km[n°pw. KX-Im-e-k-aq-l-߃ B shfn®w ]cym-]vXam-bn ]cnK-Wn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬, B[p-\nI bpK-ØnX-ß-fpsS bp‡n-t_m-[-sØ-°p-dn®v A`nam\n-°p-∂Xpw \qX-\-am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS `mhnsb Bcm™dn-bp-hm≥ D-’pI-hp-am-b, hf¿® {]m]n® ]pXnb ImeØn\v AXv D]tbm-K-iq-\y-ambn tXm∂n. Aßs\, Ipsdt]sc kw-_‘n®v, Adn-hn-\m-bp≈ At\z-jWw ss[cy-]q¿hw Bcw`n-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jy-cm-in°p hnLm-X-ambn \n¬-°p∂ Ab-Ym¿∞-amb Hcp shfn-®-ambn hnizmkw Im-W-s∏-´p. sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp∂ \o‰vtj, Xs‚ ktlm-Zcn F-en-k-_Øns\, kmlkw Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v apt∂m-´p-t]m-Iphm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p: ""Xt‚-Xmb hgn-Iƒ Is≠-tØ≠ Hcmƒ t\cn-tS≠n ht∂-°m-hp∂ F√m A\n-›n-X-Xzßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pXnb ]mX-Iƒ....'' At±lw C{Xbpw-IqSn Iq´n-t®¿Øp; ""Chn-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-k-aqlw hn`n∂ Zni-I-fn¬ \oßm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-I: Bfl-k-am-[m\hpw B\μhp-amWv \o B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ hniz-kn°p-I; AX√ kXy-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bm-Ip-hm-\mWv B{Kln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI.'' 3 hnizmkhpw At\z-j-W-hp-am-Is´ ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂pan-√. Chn-sS-\n-∂p-am-Wv a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Æamb A¿∞sØ eLq-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw \ho-\-Xz-Øns‚bpw kml-k-Øn-s‚-bp-sams° Du¿÷-kz-eX A]l- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂pw k`- b v s °- X nsc- b p≈ hna¿i\w \o‰vtj cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Aß-s\, hnizm-kw, kzX-{¥a-\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ `m-hn-bnte-°p≈ {]bm-W-Øn\p XS w krjvSn-°p∂ ambnI shfn-®-ambn.

3. Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ hnizmkw A‘-Im-c-tØmSp

14

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

kº¿°-Ønem-bn. bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-tØmSp tN¿Øv hnizm-k-Øn\p ÿm\w \¬In-s°m≠v hnizm-ksØ c£n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Nne¿ {iaw \S-Øn. bp‡n-bpsS shfn®-Øn\p sNs∂-Øp-hm-\m-Im-Øn-SØpw hy‡X Akm[y-am-bn-cp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-ep-amWv Cu ÿm\w \¬-I-s∏´Xv. C{]-Imcw, am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip∂, hkvXp-\n-jvThpw ]¶p-hb - v°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - p-amb Hcp shfn-®s - a∂ \ne-bn¬, a‰p≈-h-tcmSv \n¿t±-in-°m-hp∂ H∂m-bn-´-√, {]Im-i-Øns‚ A`m-hØ - n¬ B{i-bn-°m-hp∂, A‘-amb hnIm-cß - f - m\bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ccp-´n-te-°p≈ Hcp Nph-Sp-h-bv]mtbm AYhm lrZ-bsØ Hcp-thf DtØ-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v hy‡n]-c-amb kam-izmkw \¬In-tb-°m-hp∂ Bt]-£n-I-amb Hcp shfn-®am-bnt´m BWv hnizmkw a\- n-em-°-s∏-´Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, `mhnsb {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-hm≥ bp‡nbp-tSXp am{X-amb shfn-®w aXn-bm-hp-Ib - n√ F∂-Xv kmh[m\w, F∂m¬ \n›-b-ambpw hy‡-am-Ipw. BXy-¥n-Iambn, `mhn, \ng¬ho-WXpw Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p≈ `b-Øns‚ Zq-jy-^-e-߃ t]dp-∂-Xp-am-Ipw. XXv^eambn, XmXvIm-en-I-amb {]` ]c-Øp-∂Xpw AtX-kabw am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-ØX - p-amb, XmcXtay\ sNdnb {]Im-i-ß-fm¬ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kXyw X-s∂-bmb Hcp alXvshfn®-Øn\pth≠n-bp≈ At\zjWw am\-hk - a - qlw ]cn-Xy-Pn-®p. F∂m¬, shfn®Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ F√mw XI-cm-dn-em-Ip-∂p; \∑tbXv, Xn∑-tbXv, AYhm Hcn-S-Øp-sa-ØmsX, \sΩ Ah-km-\an-√mØ he-b-Øn-eqsS \bn-°p∂ At\Iw ]mX-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ e£y-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ b-Ym¿∞ am¿K-taXv F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bmsX hcp∂p.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w

15

hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-tS≠ Hcp shfn®w 4. Aßs\, hnizmkw shfn-®-am-sW∂pw hnizm-k-\mfw AW-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ as‰√m {]Im-i-ßfpw aßn-ØpSßp-sa∂pw Hcn-°¬°qSn Xncn-®-dn-tb≠ ASn-b-¥n-c-amb Bhiyw \ne- \ n¬°p- ∂ p. a\p- j ym- k v X n- X z- Ø ns‚ kakvX `mh-ß-sfbpw {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-hm≥ AXn\p Ign-hp-≈-Xn-\m¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w kam-\-X-bn√m-ØX - m-Wv. C{X i‡-amb Hcp shfn®w \ΩpsS-bp≈n\n∂p-¤-hn-°pI Akm-[y-am-Wv. AXv IqSp-X¬ BZn-Imc-W-amb t{kmX- n¬ \n∂p-¤q-X-am-I-Ww: H‰-hm-°n]d-™m¬ AXv ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p hc-Ww. \ap°p ap≥]pX-s∂-bp-≈Xpw kpc-£bv°pw PohnXw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp∂-Xn\pw \ap-°m-{i-bn-°m-hp-∂Xpw \sΩ hnfn®v Xs‚ kvt\lw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-amb Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hpam-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-en¬ \n-∂m-Wv hnizmkw P\n-°p∂-Xv. Cu kvt\l-Øm¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´v, ]pXnb IÆpIƒ, ]pXnb Z¿i\w, \mw ssIh-cn-°p-∂p; Bfl-km-£mXvIm-c-Øns‚ Hcp alXvhmKvZm-\w AXv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂psh∂pw `mhn-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp Z¿i\w \ΩpsS ap≥]nXpd-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-ap≈ t_m[yw \ap-°p-≠m-Ip-∂p.

AXn-`u-Xn-Ia - mb Hcp Zm\-ambn ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw kzoIcn® hn-izmkw Ime-Øn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-WsØ \bn-®p-sIm≠v ]mX-I-fn¬ {]Im-i-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Hcp `mKØv, CXp `qX-Im-e-Øn¬\n∂pw hcp∂ Hcp {]Im-iam-Wv; ac-W-Øn-s‚-ta¬ hnPbw hcn-°p-hm≥ i‡-amb, ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw hniz-k-\o-b-amb Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lw shfns∏-Sp-Ønb, tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ASnÿm-\] - c - a - mb Hm¿Ω-bpsS {]Im-iw. F-∂m¬, tbip

16

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Dbn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰v ac-W-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v \sΩ B\-bn°p∂-Xn-\m¬, hnizmkw `mhn-bn¬-\n-∂pw hcp-∂Xpw \ΩpsS GIm-¥-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬-\n-∂pw Iq´m-bva-bpsS hnim-e-X-bn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p∂ A\-¥-amb N{I-hmf-߃ \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]Im-ihp-a-t{X. hnizmkw \ngenepw hnjm-ZOm-b-bnepw hkn°p-I-bn-s√∂pw AXv \ΩpsS A‘-Im-c-a-I-‰p∂ shfn®am-sW∂pw, \mw Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂p. "Unssh≥ tImaUn'bnhnip≤ ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv Xs‚ hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-®-Xn\p-tijw Zms¥, shfn-®sØ Cßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p: ""IØn-Pz-en-°p∂ Hcp \mf-ambnØo-cp-∂Xpw Hcp kz¿Kob\£{Xwt]m-se Fs‚ D≈n¬ an∂p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kv^penw-Kw.''4 am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\v, shfn®w G‰hpw Bhiy-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬, IqSp-X¬ Pzen®v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v \ΩpsS bm{XbpsS N{I-hm-fsØ {]`m-]q-cn-X-am°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Hcp \£-{X-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Cu shfn-®-sØ°p-dn®p ]d-bp-hm-\mWv Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. 5. ]oUm-k-l-\-Øns‚ Xte-∂mƒ {InkvXp ]t{Xmkn-t\mSp ]d-™p: ""\ns‚ hnizmkw £bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ \n\-°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®p'' (eq°m 22:32). A\¥cw Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-sc AtX hnizm-k-Øn¬ i‡ns∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂v ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bn¬ `c-ta-ev]n-°s - ∏´n-´p≈ ZuXysØ kw_-‘n® t_m[y-tØmsS, s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\mdm-a≥ am¿]m∏, hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ al-Ømb kt¥mjw A\p-`-hn-°p-hm\pw hnizmkw \-Ωp-sS ap≥]nXpd°p∂ hnim-e-amb N{I-hm-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w

17

A¤p-Xm-Z-c-߃ \ho-I-cn-°p-hm\pw I¿Øm-hns‚ kvacW-tbm-Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-tbm-sSbpw Ahn-SpsØ km∂n[y-Ømepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]-h¿Ø-\-Ømepw \ne\n-∂p-sIm≠pw, hnizmkw A-Xns‚ Iq´m-bva-bnepw ka{K-X-bnepw {]Jym-]\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \sΩ klm-bn°p-∂-Xmb Ir]-bpsS Hcp Ime-L´w, "hnizm-k-h¿jw', {]Jym-]n-®p. Pohn-X-Øn\v amlm-flyhpw km£m-XvImchpw {]Zm-\w-sN-øp∂, {InkvXp-hnepw Ahn-SpsØ Ir]bpsS i‡n-bnepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p¤q-X-am-Ip∂ t_m[yw BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-hcpsS ZuXyØn\p {]tNm-Z\w \¬In. tdma≥ {]os^-IvSm-bn-cp∂ dqÃn-°-kpw lncmIvkv F∂ Hcp ss{IkvX-h\pw XΩn\S∂ Cu kwhmZw c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS \S-]-Sn-bn¬ \mw hmbn-°p-∂p: ""\ns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ FhnsS?'' \ymbm[n-]≥ c‡-km-£n-tbmSp tNmZn-®p. ""Rß-fpsS bYm¿∞ ]nXmhv {InkvXp-hm-Wv; amXmhv Ahn-Sp-∂n-ep≈ hnizmkhpw''5 CXmbncp∂p Ahs‚ adp-]-Sn. BZna ss{IkvXhsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øs∏´ Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´¬ F∂ \ne-bn¬ hnizmkw Hcp ""am-Xm-hp''Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p.

Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv Ahsc shfn-®-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-hcn-Ibpw Ah-cp-sS-bp-≈n¬ ssZhn-I-Po-h-\n-te°v P∑-a-cpfp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AX-h¿°v, A¥yw-hsc, ]c-ky-ambn km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂ Hcp \h-amb A\p-`-hhpw AkvXn-Xz-Øn-s‚ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Hcp Z¿i\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

6. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ kam-cw-`n-®-Xns‚ A≥]Xmw hm¿jn-IØ - n-emWv hnizm-kh - ¿jw DZvLm-S\w

18

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

sNø-s∏-´-Xv. k` F∂ \ne-bnepw hy‡n F∂ \nebnepw, {InkvXp-hn-ep≈, ssZh-Øns‚ {]Y-aÿ - m\w PohnX-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ ]p\x-{]-Xn-jvTn-°p-hm≥ \tΩmSv Blzm\w sNøp-I-hgn, c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬, hnizm-ksØ B[m-c-am-°n-bp-≈ Hcp almktΩ-f-\-ambn-cp∂p6 F∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb Hcp kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. hnizm-ksØ k` Hcn-°epw emL-h-_p-≤n-tbmsS kao]n-°p-∂n-√. Xs‚ Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øn¬ Ahsf \nc-¥cw \bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øns‚ Cu Zm\w ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-s≠∂v k`bv°-dn-bmw. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse a\pjysc A\pbm{X sNbvXp-sIm≠v, Ah-cpsS am\p-jn-Im-\p-`-h-ßsf D≈n¬\n∂pw {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-∂-Xn\v, c≠mw hØn-

""hnizm-k-Øns‚ cq]-IY''; s_¿Wm¿tZm a°n-bpsS cN\ (17˛mw \q‰m-≠v)

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w

19

°m≥ Iu¨-kn¬ hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®sØ Ign-hp-‰Xm-°n; hn-izm-kw Pohn-XsØ AXns‚ F√m `mh-ßfnepw F{]-Im-c-amWv [\y-am-°p-∂Xv F∂v AXv hy‡am-°n.

7. Cu ssZhnI ]pWy-sØ-°p-dn®v, k`-bpsS {]t_m[-\m-[n-Imcw ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn, 7 hnizmksØ°pdn-®p≈ Cu ]cm-a¿i-߃, D]-hn-sb-bpw {]Xym-i-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Xs‚ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-ß-fns_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏ Fgp-Xnb Imcy-ßtfmSv Iq´n-t®¿°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-®p-≈h - b - m-Wv. hnizm-ks - Ø°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ IcSp-cq]w At±lw-Xs∂ GI-tZiw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v F\n°-t±-lt- ØmSv AKm-[a - mb \μn-bp-≠v. {InkvXp-hn¬ At±l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu khn-ti-jI¿Øhyw Gs‰-SpØv Ft‚-Xmb Nne kw`m-h-\-Iƒ AXn-t\mSv tN¿°p-I-bmWv Rm≥ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. a\pjy-hw-iØ - ns‚ ]mX-bn¬ Hcp shfn-®a - mbn ssZhw \¬Inbn-cn-°p∂, hnizm-k-Øns‚ hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hmØ B \n[n-bn¬, Xs‚ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑msc i‡n-s∏-SpØp-hm≥, ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Kman, C∂-sebpw C∂pw \msfbpw F√m-bvt]mgpw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

AXn-`u-Xn-I- \n-th-inX ]pWy-amb ssZh-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Zm-\-Øn¬, \ap°v Hcp alm-kvt\lw \¬I-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, \∑-bpsS Hcp hN\w, amwkw [cn® hN-\-amb tbip, \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pap≈ t_m[yw \ap-°p-≠m-hp-Ibpw B hN-\sØ \mw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \sΩ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS ]mX-

20

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

bn¬ shfn®w hoipIbpw {]Xym-i-bpsS Nnd-In-tedn kt¥m-j-tØm-Sp-IqsS B ]mX-bn¬ apt∂dp-hm≥ \sΩ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Im-cw ssZh-hp-ambp≈ ]q¿W- sF-Iy-Øn-te°v hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂Xpw AXn-i-b-I-c-amw-hn[w ]c-kv]cw Dƒt®¿∂n´p≈Xpamb hnizmkw, {]Xymi, D]hn F-∂o ssZhnI ]pWy-ß-fmWv ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Nme-I-i-‡n. ]t£, hnizmkw \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ Xpd-°p∂ Cu ]mX F{]-Im-c-ap-≈-XmWv? hnP-b-I-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-Xb - m-{Xsb {]Im-ia - m-\a - m-°p∂ i‡-amb Cu shfn®-Øns‚ D¤hw F¥mWv?

21

A[ymbw H∂v

\mw kvt\lØnhnizkn®ncn°p∂p (cf. 1 tbml. 4:16)

A{_mlw, hnizmkØn¬ \ΩpsS ]nXmhv 8. hnizmkw \ΩpsS ap≥]nep≈ am¿Kw Xpd-∂p-X-cpIbpw Ime-Øneq-sS-bp≈ \ΩpsS Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-Isf A\pbm{X sNøp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ hnizmk-sa-¥msW∂p {Kln-°p-hm≥ \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, ]gb-\n-b-a-Øn¬ BZywXs∂ km£ys∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈Xpt]mse, hnizmk{]bm-W-Øn-\mbn hnizm-kn-Iƒ kzoIcn® am¿Kßfpw, Ah¿ IS-∂p-t]mb ]mXI-fpw \mw A\p[m-h\w sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. ChnsS, hnizmk-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb A{_mlØn\v AXpeyamb Hcp ÿm\-am-

22

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Wp-≈-Xv. Akz-ÿX Df-hm-°p∂ Nne-sXms° At±-lØns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂p: ssZhw At±-ltØmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Xm≥ a\p-jy-t\mSp kwkm-cn°p∂ Hcp ssZh-am-sW∂p shfns∏Sp-Øn-s°m≠v, A{_mlsØ t]cp-sNm√n hnfn-°p-∂p. hnizmkw {ih-Wt- ØmSp _‘-s∏´ncn-°p-∂p. A{_m-lw ssZhsØ ImWp-∂n-√; ]t£ Ahn-SpsØ kzcw {ihn-°p-∂p-≠v. Aßs\ hnizmkw hy‡n-]cam-b Hcp kz`mhw B¿÷n-°p-∂p. ssZhw, Hcp {]tXyI ÿe-Øns‚ ssZh-a-√; AYhm, Ahn-Sp∂v hnip-≤-amb Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-´-Øns‚ tZh-\p-a√, Ahn-Sp∂v a\pjy-\p-ambn ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn®p {]h¿Øn°phm-\pw Ah-\pambn DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-hm\pw Ign-hp≈, Hcp hy‡n-bpsS, A{_-ml-Øns‚bpw Cklm°n-s‚bpw bm-t°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZh-am-Wv. \sΩ t]cpsNm√n hnfn-°pIbpw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-tØmSv hy-‡n]cambn \sΩ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-em-°pI-bpw sNøp∂ Hcp ""A]c''- t \mSp≈ (''Thou") \ΩpsS {]Xyp- Ø c- a mWv hnizmkw.

9. A{_m-l-tØmSv ]d-b-s∏´ hN-\-Øn¬ Hcp hnfnbpw Hcp hmKvZm-\hpw AS-ßp-∂p-≠v. H∂m-a-Xmbn, Xs‚ kztZiw Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ hnfn-bm-WXv, Hcp ]pXp-Pohn-X-Øn-tebv°p≈ hnfn-. ap≥Iq-´n- Im-Wm-\m-hmØ Hcp `mhn-bn-tebv°v Ahs\ \bn-°p∂ Hcp ]pd-∏mSn-s‚ Bcw`w. hnizmkw A{_m-lØ - n\v {]Zm-\w- sN-øp∂-Xmb `mhn-Z¿i\w, Cu Nph-Sp-hbv]v kzoIcn®v apt∂m´p \otß≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bpambn Ft∏m-gpw _‘-s∏-´n-cp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øm¬ Xpd°-s∏-Sp∂ N{I-hm-f-Øntebv°p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v \S-Øp∂ B bm{X FØp-∂n-Sw-hs - c-bmWv hnizm-kØ - ns‚ ""ImgvN''bpsS ]cn-[n. Cu hN-\w Hcp hmKvZm\hpw Dƒs°m-≈p-

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

23

∂p-≠v: \ns‚ k¥m\-]-c-ºc Akw-Jy-am-bn-cn-°pw, \o al-Ømb Hcp P\-Xb - psS ]nXm-hm-bn-cn°pw (cf. D¬].

13:16, 15:5, 22:17). ap≥t]-Xs∂ Bhn¿`-hn® hN-\-tØmSp≈ {]-Xyp-Øc-sa-t∂mWw A{_-mlØns‚ hnizmkw A\p-kva-c-W-bpsS A\p-kyq-X-amb Hcp {]Im-i-\-ambncn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂p. Cu A\p-kva-cW `qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-ßsf°p-dn-®p-am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√; t\tc-a-dn®v Hcp hmKvZm-\Øns‚ Hm¿Ω- F∂ \ne-bn¬, Xnc-s™-Sp-t°≠-Xmb ]mX-bn¬ shfn-®w-XqIn, `mhn-bn-te-°p≈ hmXmb-\ß - ƒ Xpd-°p∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vXambn-cp-∂p. Aßs\, `mhn-sb-°pdn®p≈ kvac-W (memoria futuri)- F∂ \nebn¬ hnizmkw Fß-s\-bmWv {]Xym-i-tbmSv Ahn-`m-Py-amw-hn[w _‘s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v \mw {Kln°p-∂p.

10. Cu hN-\-Øn\v kzbw `c-ta¬∏n-°p-hm≥ Xømdm-I-W-sa∂v ssZhw A{_m-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. hm°p-t]m-se, A{X-am{Xw £Wn-Ihpw thK-Øn¬ IS∂pt]m-Ip-∂-Xp-amb H∂v, hniz-kvXX Xs∂-bmb ssZhw Acp-fn-s®-øp-tºmƒ, Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS {]bmW-Øn\v Dd-∏p-\¬In-s°m≠v Atß-b‰w kp\n-›n-Xhpw Cf-°m-\m-hm-ØX - p-ambn `hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hnizmkw {Kln°p-∂p. hnizmkw, Cu -h-N\-sØ, \ΩpsS PohnXw ]SpØp-b¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Dd-∏p≈ ]md-bmbpw \ap°v bm{X sNøm-hp∂ hnime-amb t\¿ho-Yn-bmbpw kzoI-cn) F∂ lo{_p-]-Z-am-Wv, ss_°p-∂p. "Faq\m' ( _nfn¬ hnizmkw F∂ A¿∞-ap≈ faith F∂ ]Z-Øn\p ) F∂ {Inbm [mXpXpey-ambn´p-≈-Xv. "Bam≥' ( hn¬\n∂v D¤-hn® Cu ]Z-Øns‚ aqem¿∞w ]n≥XpW-bv°pI, apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°pI (to uphold) Fs∂m-s°-bmWv. ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvXXbpw a\p-jys‚ hnizm-khpw: Ch c≠pw A¿∞-am-°p-hm≥ emûnâh F∂ ]Z-

24

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Øn\p Ign-bpw. hnizm-kØ - ns‚ a\p-jy≥, hniz-kvX\ - mb ssZ-hØ - ns‚ Ic-ßf - n¬ kzbw `c-ta-ev]n-®p-sIm≠v i‡nB¿Pn°p∂p. Cu hm°ns‚ Zzbm¿∞w \∂mbn Dƒs°m≠p-sIm-≠v—-b-Ym-{Iaw {Ko°n-sebpw eØo-\nse-bpw XØp-ey-]-Z-ß-fmb pistós, fidelis (]nkvtØm-kv, ^n-tZ- nen-kv) F∂o ]Z-߃°pw Cu Zzbm¿∞-ap-≠v— - ssZ-hØ s‚ kz¥w t]cp-Xs∂ e_v[-amb ss{IkvX-h-s‚ alØz-sØ-°p-dn®p Pdp-k-te-anse hnip≤ kndn¬ {]-Io¿Øn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw "faithful" 8 (hniz-kvX≥, hnizm-kn) F∂v hnfn-°s∏-Sm-a-t√m. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv CXn-s\ Cß-s\bmWp hymJym-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v: ""ssZh-Øn-epw Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm-\-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°ptºmƒ a\p-jy≥ hnizmkn-bmbn (faithful) Xocp-∂p. Xm≥ hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy\v {]Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ ssZhhpw (faithful) hniz-kvX-\mbn Xocp-∂p.'' 9 11. A{_mlØns‚ hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®p a\- n-em°p-∂Xn\v At±-l-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse Ah-km-\-sØHcp LS-Iw Gsd {]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p∂p. ssZh-hN - \w, \ho-\-Xbpw hnkva-bhpw Df-hm-°p-tºmƒ AXv A{_ml-Øns‚ A\p-`-h-߃°v H´pw hncp-≤-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Xt∂mSp kwkm-cn® B kzc-Øn¬, Xs‚ AkvXn-XzØns‚ AI-°m-ºn¬ A\p-kyqXw k∂n-ln-X-am-bn-cp∂ Bgamb Hcp hnfn tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmb A{_mlw Xncn-®-dnbp-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØ - nse; F√m-bvt]mgpw G‰hpw ""ip`{]-Xo£ \nd™'' ("full of promise), ]pXnb Poh\v P∑w sImSp-°p-∂, amXr-Xzhpw ]nXr-Xzhpw (Parenthood) F∂ B `mh-tØmSv ssZhw Xs‚ hmKvZm-\sØ (Promise) _‘n-∏n-°p∂p: ""\ns‚ `mcy-bmb kmdmXs∂ \n\s°mcp ]p{Xs\ {]k-hn-°pw. \o Ah\v Ck-lm°v F∂v

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

25

t]cp-hn-fn-°Ww'' (DXv]. 17:19). X∂n¬ kºq¿Æ-amb {]Xymi A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ A{_-mltØmSv Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂ ssZhw-Xs∂, ka-kvX-Po-h-s‚bpw Dd-hn-S-am-bn Xs∂Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Aßs\ hnizm-k-sa-∂Xv, kakvX krjvSn-Iƒ°pw AkvXn-Xz-ac - p-fp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ ]nXr-Xz-tØmSv _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv; ""AkvXn-Xz-an-√m-Øhbv°v AkvXnXzw \¬Ip∂'' (tdmam. 4:17) {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-amWv A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v temIÿm-]-\-Øn-\p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ \sΩ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bpw....

Xs‚ ZØp-]p-{X-cmbn, Ahn-SpsØ lnX-hpw e£y-hp-a\p-k-cn®v ap≥Iq´n Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (Ft^.

1:4˛5). A{_m-lsØ kw_-‘n®nStØmfw ssZh-Ønep≈ hnizmkw At±-l-Øn-s‚ AkvXnXz-Øns‚ Bgß-fn-te-°p-Xs∂ shfn®w hoip-∂p. ka-kvX-h-kvXp-°fp-sSbpw Bcw-`-Ønep≈, \∑-bpsS Dd-hn-SsØ Xncn -®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Xs‚ Pohn-Xw AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-°-fn\nt∂m bmZr-—n-I-kw-`-hß-fn¬\nt∂m Dcp-Øn-cn™ H∂s√∂pw, ]ns∂tbm hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp hnfn-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-am-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw AXv At±-lsØ i‡-\m-°p-∂p. Xs∂ hnfn® \nKqV-\mb ssZhw X\n°v A\y\pw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-hm≥ hln-bm-Ø-h-\p-amb Hcp tZh-\-√. ]ns∂tbm Ahn-Sp∂v Dcp-hm-bn-cn-°p∂ kakvX hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw Bcw-`-hpw apJy Ah-ew-_-hp-amb ssZh-a-t{X. A{_mlØns‚ hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb ]co-£-W-amb ]p{X-\mb Cklm-°ns‚ _en-bn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂, ac-W-Øn-\-∏pdw PohnXw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v A\m-Zn-bn¬Øs∂ AkvXn-Xzap≈ Cu kvt\l-Øn\p≈ Ignhv Z¿in-°p-hm≥ km[n°pw. ""arX\p kZr-i-''\m-bn-cp-∂-h\v, kmdm-bpsS ""h‘yamb'' DZ-c-Øn¬-\n∂v Hcp ]p{Xs\ \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign™

26

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v, (cf. tdmam. 4:19) F√m A]IS-ßfpw `oj-Wn-Ifpw AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Hcp `mhnsb-°pdn-®p≈ hmKvZm\w \nd-th-‰p-hm\pw Ignbpw (cf. sl{_m. 11:19; tdmam. 4:21).

C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizmkw 12. ]pd-∏m-Sns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬, C{k-mtb¬ P\-X-bpsS Ncn{Xw A{_m-lans‚ hnizm-k-sØ ]n≥XpS-cp∂ Hcp Ncn-{X-am-Wv. Aßs\ A\m-Zn-bnte AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ auenI-amb Hcp Zm\-Øn¬\n∂v hnizmkw Hcn-°¬-°qSn Bhn¿`-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv; Xs‚ P\-Xsb IjvS-X-I-fn¬\n∂p hntam-Nn-∏n-°m-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ ssZh-Ønep≈ C{km-tbens‚ hnizmkw F∂ Zm\-Øn¬\n∂v.

Aßs\, ko\mbv ae-bn¬ I¿Øm-hns\ Bcm-[n-°pIbpw hmKvZ-Ø-`qan Ah-Im-i-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kpZo¿L-amb Hcp bm{X-bn-te-bv°p≈ hnfn-bmbn hnizmkw ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw, bm{Xbn¬ Xs‚ Ip™ns\ tXmfn-te-‰p∂ Hcp ]nXm-hns‚

""FΩm-hq-knse AØmgw''; sdw{_m-≠n-s‚ cN\ (1628)

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

27

kvt\lw-t]mse Ah¿°-\p`-h-s∏´p (cf. \nb-. 1:31). Xs‚ P\sØ hntam-Nn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ahsc \bn°p-hm-\pw ssZhw \n¿h-ln® {]h¿-Ø-\-ßfpw Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn¬\n∂p as‰m∂n-te°p ssIam‰w sNø-s∏´ Ah-bpsS hn h-c-W-ßfpw (cf. \nb-. 26:5˛11) C{km-tb¬ P\-X-bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰p-]-d-®n-embn cq]w {]m]n-®p. I¿Ømhns‚ i‡-amb {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS A\p-kva-c-W-Øn-eqsS ssZhn-I-{]-Imiw C{km-tb¬ P\-X-bp-sS-ta¬ {]Im-in°p-Ibpw, Bcm-[-\-bn¬ B-N-cn®pw BtLm-jn®pw AhbpsS Hm¿Ω- amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬\n∂v a°-fn-te°v ssIam‰w sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®w, kaq¿Ø-amb Pohn-Xk - w-`h - ß - t- fmSpw ssZh-Øns‚ i‡amb Ic-th-e-I-fp-sSbpw Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm\-ß-fpsS {Iam\pKXamb ]q¿ØoIcWØn-s‚bpw IrX⁄-Xm-]q¿hamb kvac-W-I-tfmSpw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv F{]-Im-cam-sW∂v ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂p. tKmYnIv hmkvXp-inev]-hnZy CXn\v hy‡-amb {]Im-i\w \¬In-bn-´p-≠v: _rl-Ømb IØo-{U¬ ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ c£m-Ic N- c n{Xw Nn{Xo- I - c n- ® n- c n- ° p∂ Pme- I - ] m- f n- I - f n- e q- s S, {]Imiw kz¿K-Øn¬-\n∂pw Xmtg°v sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.

Ahn-Sp-sØ kzbmhn-jv°m-c-Øn-s‚ hnh-c-WØneqsS ssZhn- I - { ]- I miw \Ωn- t e°v IS- ∂ p- h - c p- I bpw, ssZhnIZm\-߃ A\p-kva-cn®pw Ahn-Sp∂v F{]-Im-c-amWv Xs‚ hmKvZm\-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂s - X∂v {]I-Sa - m-°nbpw ImeØneq-sS-bp-≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-W-sØ AXv {]Im-i-am\-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

13. C{km-tb¬ P\X H∂n-tesd XhW hoWp-t]mb Ahn- i zm- k - s a∂ {]tem- ` - \ - s Øbpw C{km- t b- e ns‚ N-cn{Xw \ap°p ImWn-®pX-cp-∂p. ChnsS hnizm-k-Øn\v FXn-cmb Imcy-ambn hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sbbmWv FSpØp

28

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ko\mbv ae-bn¬ tami ssZh-tØmSv kwkm-cn-®n-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ \nKq-V-XbpsS clkyw Xmßp-hm≥ C{km-tb¬ P\-߃°p Ignbp-∂n-√; Ahn-SpsØ apJw Z¿in-°p-hm-\p≈ ka-bwh-scbpw ImØn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ £a Ah¿ {]Z¿in-∏n°p∂n-√. ImgvN Dd∏p-\¬Intb-°m-hp∂ DS-\Sn Ic-ÿam°pI F∂ Imcyw kwXy-Pn-°p-hm≥ hnizmkw AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ \tΩm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p; CXmI-s´, DNn-Xa - mb ka-bØ - v, hy‡n-]c - a - mbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xp-h-sc, Xs‚ apJ-`m-h-Øns‚ \nKq-V-Xsb BZ-cn-®psIm≠v shfn-®Ø - ns‚ Dd-hn-SØ - n-tebv°v Xncn-bp-hm-\p≈ Hcp £W-am-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sb-°p-dn®v tIm°nse d∫n \¬In-bn-´p≈ Hcp \n¿h-N\w am¿´n≥ _q_¿ D ≤-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn: ""Hcp apJw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ apJ-a√mØ as‰mcp apJsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv hn{K-lm-cm[\.'' 10 ChnsS, ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kØns‚ ÿm-\Øv hn{K-lsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-XmWv IqSpX¬ A`n-Im-ay-sa∂ tXm∂-ep-≠m-Ip-∂p. ImcWw Cu hn{K-l-Øns‚ apJ-tØ°p \ap°p t\cn-´p-t\m-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw; \Ωp-sS-Xs∂ Ic-th-e-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ DdhnShpw \ap- ° - d n- b mw. Hcp hn{K- l - Ø ns‚ ap≥]n\n¬°p-tºmƒ \-ΩpsS kpc-£n-XXzw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°-Wsa∂ A]-I-S-hp-an-√, ImcWw ""hn{K-l-߃°v A[-c-ßfp-s≠-¶nepw kwkmcn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√'' (k¶o.

115:5). kz¥w Ic-߃-sIm≠p sa\™ Ahsb Bcm[n-®p-sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-ß-fpsS tI{μ-ÿm-\Øp \sΩØs∂ {]XnjvTn°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp Hgn-I-gn-hmbn hn{K-lßsf \mw ImWp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. a\p-jy\v, Ahs‚ AkvXn-XzsØ GIo-I-cn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Znimt_m[w \jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ kz¥w A`n-em-j-ß-fpsS

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

29

Iqºm-c-Øn-te°v Ah≥ XI¿-∂p-ho-gp-Ibpw; hmKvZm-\߃ ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂ ka-bw-hs - c ImØncn-°p-hm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p-sIm-≠v, ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-an-√mØ Ahs‚ PohnXw inYn-e-am-°-s∏´ Akw-Jyw -kw-`-h-ßfn-te°v \n]-Xn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ncn-{X-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. e£y-an-√msX Hcp tZh-\n¬\n∂v as‰mcp tZh-\n-te°v A`bw {]m]n-°p∂ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ft∏mgpw _lp-tZh-Xm-hmZw Xs∂-bm-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Hcp {]bmWw hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂n√; \sΩ HcnS-Øpw F-Øn-°mØ XcØn¬ Zp¿L-Sm-h-ÿ-bn¬ AI-s∏-SpØp∂ ]mXI-fpsS B[n-Iy-am-W-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. ssZh-Øn¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Im-Ø-h¿ ""\ns‚ {]Xymi F∂nka¿∏n- ° pI'' F∂v ItTm- c - i - _ v Z - Ø n¬ ]d- b p- ∂ AkwJyw hn{K- l - ß - f psS i_v Z - t Im- e m- l - e - a mWv tIƒt°-≠n-h-cn-I. hnizmkw, am\km-¥-c-tØmSv _‘s∏-´-Xm-Wv; AXv hn{K-lmcm[\-bv°p hncp-≤hp-amWv. Pohn-°p∂ ssZhsØ hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n, Pohn-°p∂ ssZhsØ hy‡n-]-c-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n, hn{Kl-ß-fn¬ \n∂-I∂v Ahn-Sp∂n-tebv°p Xncn-bp-∂p. hnizkn-°pI F∂m¬, F√m-bvt- ]mgpw \sΩ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw \tΩmSp £an-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ \ne-\n¿ØpIbpw \sΩ \bn-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse hf™ tcJ-Isf t\sc-bm-°n-s°m≠v Xs‚ i‡n {]I-S-am-°pIbpw sNøp∂ IcpWm-a-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-Øn\v \sΩØs∂ `c-ta¬]n-°pI F∂m-Wv. hnizm-kw A-S-ßnbn-cn-°p-∂Xv, ssZhØns‚ hnfn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn \nc-¥cw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v \sΩ kzbw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°pI F∂-Xn-emWv. Chn-sS-bm-Wv H-cp sshcp-≤y-ap-≈Xv: I¿Øm-hns‚ ]°-te°v \nc-¥cw Xncn-bp-∂-Xp-hgn, hn{Kl-

30

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

߃ \Ωp-sS-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n® Zp¿hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n∂v \sΩ hntam-Nn-∏n-°p∂ kp\n›n-X-amb Hcp ]mX \mw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-Wv sNøpI. 14. C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬, a[y-ÿ-≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ \mw tamisb I≠p-ap-´p-∂p. P\w ssZh-Øns‚ apJw Z¿in-°p∂n-√; tami-bmWv ae-ap-If - n¬-h®v bmlvthtbmSv kwkm-cn-°p∂Xpw ssZhØns‚ lnX-sa-¥m-sW∂v ]n∂oSv Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xpw. Cß-s\, Hcp a[y-ÿs‚ km∂n[yw aptJ\, C{km-tb¬ AXns‚ {]bm-W-ØnHsØm-cp-an®v sFIy-Øn¬ \oßp-hm≥ ]Tn-°p-∂p. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS hnizm-k-PohnXw, ""\Ωƒ'' Bbn ]cn-K-Wn°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw ""Fs‚ BZy-Pm-X≥'' F∂v ssZ-hw C{kmtb-en-s\-°pdn®p ]dbp-∂-{]-Imcw (cf. ]pd. 4:22), hnizmk- Ø n¬ Hcp hy‡n°pkam\w Bbn- c n- ° p- I bpw sNøp∂ Hcp s]mXpkaq-l-Øn-emWv Pohn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ChnsS, a[y-ÿX - s - b-∂Xv Hcp {]Xn-_‘ - a - √, t\tcadn®v Hcp Xpdhn-bmWv: a‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bp≈ kam-KaØneqsS \sΩ-°mƒ al-Ømb Hcp kXy-Øn-te°v \ΩpsS Z¿i\w DXvI¿-jw {]m]n-°p-∂p. X\n°p hy‡n-]c-ambn ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™n-s√∂v dqt m Hcn-°¬ hne]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn: ""F{X-b-[nIw Bfp-I-fmWv ssZh-Øn\pw F\n°pwat[y \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv!''11 ""jo≥ PmIzkv dqt m-tbmSv t\cn´p kwkm-cn-°p∂Xn\v ssZhw tamisb I-s≠Ønbn-cn-°m-sa-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A{X efn-Xhpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb Imcy-amtWm?''12 a\-xkm-£nsb kw_-‘n® hy‡n-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw CSp-ßn-b-Xp-amb Nn¥m-KXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a[y-ÿ-X-bpsS {]m[m\yhpw a‰p-≈h - c - psS ho£-Wt- ØmSv kl-Ic - n-°p-hm-\p≈ Cu Ignhpw, kvt\l-Øns‚ X\-Xp-`m-h-amb Cu ]¶p-hbv°p∂ Adnhpw Hcmƒ°v hne-aX - n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n√.

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

31

X∂n¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n-°p-hm\pw kzbw `c-ta¬]n-®psIm-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ffn-abpw [oc-Xbpw \Ωn¬ \n∂m-hiy-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ kuP\y Zm\-amWv hnizm-kw. ssZh-hp-ambpw a\pjy-cm-in-bp-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-JZ- ¿i-\Ø - nte°p \bn-°p∂ `mkp-c-amb ]mX Z¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v CXp \sΩ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-°p-∂p.

ss{IkvXhhnizm-kØns‚ ]q¿WX 15. ""Fs‚ Znhkw ImWmw F∂ {]Xo- £ - b nA{_mlw B\-μn-®p; Ah≥ AXp ImWp-Ibpw kt¥mjn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp''(tbml. 8:56). tbip-hns‚ Cu hN\- ß - f - \ p- k - c n®v A{_ml- Ø ns‚ hnizmkw tbiphntebv°v- hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂Xmbn-cp-∂p; Hc¿∞-Øn¬, AXv AhnSp-sØ clkyw ap≥Iq-´n-°-≠p a\ n-em-°n-s°m≠mWv. BK-X-\mb tbip-hn-e-√, hcm\n-cp∂ tbip-hnep≈ hnizm-kw hgn-bm-Wv, tKm{X-]n-Xm°-∑m¿ c£-{]m]n-®s - X∂pw; AXv tbip-hns‚ `mhnsb Xzcn-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp hnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw {]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv CXp {Kln-®n-cp-∂p.''13 ss{I-kvXhhnizmkw {In-kvXp-hn¬ tI{μo-Ir-X-am-Wv; tbip I¿ØmhmsW∂pw ssZhw AhnSpsØ acn-®-hcn¬-\n∂v Dbn¿∏n®p-sh∂p-ap≈ G‰p-]-d-®n-em-WXv (cf. tdmam. 10:9). ]gb \nb-a-Øn-se Nn¥m-[m-c-I-sf√mw tbip-hn¬ ka-\z-bn-°p∂p. Ahn-Sp∂v F√m hmKvZm-\-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ kp\n-›n-Xamb ""AtX'' (yes)bpw \Ωƒ ssZh-tØmSv ""BtΩ≥'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb B[m-chpw BbnØo-cp-∂p (cf. 2 tImdn. 1:20). tbip-hns‚ Ncn{Xw ssZhØns‚ hniz-kvX-XbpsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb {]Xy-£o-I-c-Wam-Wv. C{km-tb-ens‚ hnizm-k{- ]-Jym-]\ - Ø - ns‚ ImXepw Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kq£va-Z¿i\w hnI-kz-c-am-

32

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

°nb bmYm¿-∞y-hp-am-b, ssZh-Øns‚ alm-kvt\-l-Øns‚ {]I-S-\-߃ Ah¿ XpS¿∂pw A\p-kva-cn-s®-¶nC∂v, ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb CS-s]-S-ens‚ tI{μ_n-μphpw Ahn-Sp-tØbv°v \tΩm-Sp≈ ]c-a-amb kvt\lØns‚ {]I-S-\-hp-ambn tbip-hns‚ PohnXw \ne-sIm≈p-∂p. tb-ip-hn¬ ssZhw \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p∂Xv Ahn-SpsØ A-t\Iw hN-\ß - f - n¬ HscÆ-a√; AXv AhnSpsØ \nXy-h-N-\-amWv (cf. sl{_m. 1:1˛2). hnip≤ ]utemkv \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn\v CXnt\°mƒ henb Hcpd∏v \¬Im≥ ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bp-I-bn√ (cf. tdmam. 8:31˛39). A{]-Imcw, ss{IkvXhhnizmkw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp kvt\l-Øn¬, \n¿Æm-b-I-amb AXns‚ i‡n-bn¬, temI-sØ cq]m¥-co-I-cn-°m-\pw AXns‚ Ncn{Xw A\m-h-cWw sNøphm-\p-ap≈ AXns‚ Ign-hn¬ D≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv. ""ssZhØn\p \tΩm-Sp≈ kvt\lw \mw Adn-bp-Ibpw AXnhniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p'' (1 tbml-. 4:16). hnizmkw, tbip-hn¬ shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬, F√m bmYm¿∞y-ßfpw Ah-bpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb `mKt[-bhpw Z¿in-°p-∂p.

16. \ap°pth≠n acn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv {InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ hnizm-kyXbpsS kphy-‡-amb sXfnhv \ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-hpI. kvt\ln-X¿°p-th≠n Poh≥ A¿∏n-°p-∂-XmWv kvt\l-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb sX-fnsh¶n¬ (cf.tbml. 15:13), tbip F√m-h¿°pw-th≠n, Xs‚ i{Xp-°ƒ°p-th≠n-t∏mepw, Ah-cpsS lrZ-bß - sf am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn-\mbn kzPoh\¿-∏n-®p. F¥psIm-≠v kphn-ti-j-I¿ {InkvXp-hns‚ {Iqip-a-c-W-Øns‚ aWn-°q-dns\ hnizm-kØ - ns‚ kq£vaZ- ¿i\-Øns‚ ]caIm-jvT-bmbn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v CXv hni-Z-am-°p-∂p;

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

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B aWn-°q-dn¬ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Bghpw hym-]vXnbpw t{]m÷z-e-am-°-s∏-´p. tbip-hns‚ AΩ-tbm-sSm-∏w, IpØn-ap-dn-th-ev]n°s∏´-hs\ t\m°n-\n-∂ AtX aWn°q-dn-em-bn-cp∂p ZrV-amb km£yw \¬In-bXpw (cf. tbml. 19:37): ""AXp I≠-bmƒXs∂ km£y-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ km£yw kXy-hp-am-Wv. \nßfpw hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xm≥ kXy-amWp ]d-bp-∂-sX∂v Ah≥ Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (tbml. 19:35). sZkvtXhv k v ° n- b psS "hnUv V nI- f n¬' (The Idiots) arX- \ mb {InkvXp-hns\ I√-db - n¬ Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°p∂, lm≥kv tlmƒ_o≥ Zn bß¿ cNn® -Nn{Xw ImWp∂ ankv°n≥ cmPIp-am-c≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""Cu Nn{Xw ImWp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Hcph\v Xs‚ hnizmkw \jvSs - ∏-Sp-hm≥ Imc-Wa - m-Ip-at√m.''14 {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ ac-Ww -h-cp-Ønb hn\m-i-I-camb ^eß-fpsS _o`-’-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-am-W-Xv. F∂n´pw IrXy-ambnØs∂ tbip-hns‚ ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ [ym\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv hnizmkw {]_-e-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw IÆ©pw-hn[w {]`m-]q-cn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xpw; At∏mgmWv \tΩmSp≈; \ap°p c£ \¬Im≥th≠n ac-Ww-h-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-amb {In-kvXp-hns‚ AN-©-e-amb kvt\lØnep≈ hnizm-k-ambn AXv shfn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. AXns‚ Bgw {]IS-am-°phm≥th≠n ac-W-Øn-\p-ap≥]v A¬]w- t ]mepw ]n- t ∂m´pt]mImØ Cu kv t \- l w; F\n°p hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-am-W-Xv; {InkvXphns‚ kºq¿Wamb Bfl-˛-Zm\w kIe kwi-b-ßfpw adn-I-S-°p-∂p; Fs∂ apgp-h-\mbn Ahn-Sp-tØ°p `c-taev]n-°p-hm≥ AsXs∂ Ign-hp-≈h - \m°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

17. {InkvXp-hns‚ acWw, k¿thm-]cn Ahn-SpsØ D∞m-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ssZhnI kvt\l-Øns‚ ]c-aa - mb hnizm-kyX A\m-hr-Xa - m-°p-∂p. D∞n-X≥ F∂

34

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

\ne-bn¬, hnizm-kØ - n\p ]m{X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ hnizmktbmKy-\mb km£n-bmWp {InkvXp (cf. shfn. 1:5; sl{_m.

2:17), \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kpZr-V-amb Ah-ew-_hpw Ahn-Sp∂pX-s∂. hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-bp∂p: ""{InkvXp Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-´n-s√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS hnizmkw \njv^e-amWv'' (1 tImdn. 15:17). ]nXm-hns‚ kvt\lw tbip -hn-s\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n-®n√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, AhnSpsØ ico-csØ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥ B kvt\lØn-\p Ign-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬, AXv ac-W-Øns‚ aqI-X-sb-°qSn {]Imi-am\-am°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈, ]q¿Æambpw hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-amIpam-bn-cp-∂n-√. hnip≤ ]utemkv {InkvXp-hnep≈ Xs‚ ]pXnb PohnX-sØ-°pdn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ, ""Fs∂ kvt\ln-°pI-bpw F\n-°p-th≠n Xs∂-Øs∂ _en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ssZh-]p-{X-\nep≈ hnizm-ksØ''°pdn®v (Kem. 2:20) ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p≠v. kphy-‡-ambn, ""ssZh-]p-{X\nep≈ hnizmkw'' A¿∞am°p-∂Xv ]utem-kn\v tbiphnep≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv; F∂m¬, ac-W-tØmfw \sΩ kvt\ln-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-a-√, Ahn-SpsØ ssZhn-I-]p{XXzw aptJ-\bpw tbip kzb-ta-h-Xs∂ hnizm-k-tbmKy-\m-sW∂v ChnsS A\p-am-\n°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. tbip ]p{X\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠pw, ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]nXm-hn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂-Xn-\m-epw, ac-WsØ Iog-S-°p-hm\pw Pohs‚ ]q¿ÆX D÷z-en-∏n-°m\pw Ahn-Sp-tØ°v km[n-®p. temI-ØnssZh-Øn-s‚ kaq¿-Ø-amb km∂n-[y-sØbpw {]h¿-Ø\-sØbpw kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m[w \ΩpsS kwkv-Im-cØn\p \jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ _‘-ßfn¬\n∂pw Gsd AIse, bmYm¿-∞y-Øns‚ Xe-Øns\ms° AXo-X\ - mbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂-h\ - mWv ssZhw F∂v \mw Icp-Xp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXmbncp∂p bYm¿∞ hkvXp-

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

35

X-sb-¶n¬, Cu temI-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ km[n-®ncp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lw hmkvX-hØn¬ i-‡hpw bYm¿∞-hpw; AXv hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ \nXym-\μw {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-hn[w Hcp hmkvXhw-t]mepw BIp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. \mw AhnSp∂nhniz- k n- ° pItbm hniz- k n- ° m- X ncn- ° p- I tbm sNøp∂Xn¬ bm-sXmcp hyXym-khpw D≠mIp-am-bn-cp∂n√. ss{Ikv X - h cm- I s´, Ncn- { X- Ø n¬ bYm¿- ∞ - Ø n{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ A¥n-a-`m-K-t[bw \n¿W-bn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xy£hpw i-‡-hpamb kvt\l-Øn-ep≈ Xß-fpsS hnizmkw {]tLm-jn°p-∂p; t\cn¬ I≠p-ap-´m-hp∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ ]oUm-kl\-Ønepw ac-W-Ønepw D∞m-\-Ønepw kºq¿-W-ambn shfn-hm-°-s∏´ Hcp kvt\l-am-W-Xv. 18. tbip hnizm-k-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ Cu ]cn-]q¿ÆXbv°v \n¿Wm-bI - a - mb as‰mcp `mh-ap-≠v. hnizm-kØ - n¬, {InkvXp, \mw hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p∂ tIhew Hcp-h-\√; ]ns∂-tbm, ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Xy£o-I-c-Whpw hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xs∂-bmbn \mw sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h\pw IqSn-bmWv Ahn-Sp∂v. tbiphns\ shdpsX D‰p-t\m-°e√ hnizm-kw; adn®v, tbip kz¥w IÆp-I-fm¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse F√mw ho£n°p-∂-XmWv hnizm-kw: tbip Imcy-߃ ImWp∂ coXnbn-ep≈ Hcp ]¶p-tN-cem-W-Xv. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse hnhn[ afi-e-ß-fn¬ \sΩ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Adn-hp-≈ -h-cn¬ \mw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS `h\w ]Wnbp∂ hmkvXp-in-ev]n-bn¬ \ap°p hnizm-k-ap-≠v, kuJyØn-\p-th≠ acp∂p \¬Ip∂ ^m¿a-knÃv, tImS-Xn-bn\ap-°p-th≠n hmZn-°p∂ A`n-`mj-I≥, Ch-sc-sbms° \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®pw hniz-

36

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

kvX\pw Adn-hp-≈-h\pw Bb Hcm-fns‚ Bhiyw \ap°p-≠v. ssZhsØ \ap°p shfn-s∏-SpØn Xcp-∂Xv ssZh]p-{X-\mb tbip-hmWv (cf. tbml. 1:18). {InkvXp-hn-s‚ PohnXw, ]nXm-hns\ Adnbp-Ibpw ]nXm-hp-ambn ]cn]q¿Æhpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb _-‘-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ahn-Sp-sØ coXn, Ch-sb√mw a\p-jys‚ A\p`-h-⁄m-\-Øn-\p \qX-\hpw BI¿j-Wo-b-hp-amb hoYnIƒ sh´n-Øpd-°p-∂p. ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂ {Inbm-]-ZØns‚ hnhn[ cq]-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øn-\v tbip-hnt\m-Sp≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb -_-‘Øns‚ {]m[m-\yw hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p-≠v. tbip ""\tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂h'' icn-bmWv F∂v hnizkn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-ta, ""tbip-hns\ hniz-kn-°pI''bpw ""tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°pI''bpw sNtø-≠-Xns\∏‰nbpw tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ahn-Sp∂v kXy-hm\mb-Xn-\mAhnSp-sØ hN-\hpw km£yhpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ \Ωƒ ""tbip-hns\ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.'' kvt\l-Øn¬ tbiphns\ Bt«-jn°pI-bpw Ahn-SpsØ Imev]mSp-Iƒ ]n≥Xp-ScpIbpw hy‡n-]c - a - mbn Ahn-SpsØ \ΩpsS PohnX-Øn-te°p kzmKXw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, \mw Ahn-SpsØ e-£y-am°n apt∂dp-tºmƒ \mw ""tbip-hnhniz-kn-°p-∂p.''

Ahn-SpsØ Adn-bm\pw AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw ]n≥Xp S-cm\pw \sΩ {]m]vXc - m-°p-hm≥th≠n ]p{X-\mb ssZhw amwkw [cn-®p. CXp-hgn ka-b-Øns‚ XnI-hn¬ A\mhr-X-amb Hcp bm{X-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ a\p-jy-klP-amb hn[-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp∂p ]nXm-hn-s\ Z¿in®p. ss{IkvXhhnizmkw hN-\-Øns‚ a\pjym-h-Xmc-Ønepw AhnSpsØ imco-cnI D∞m-\Ø - nepw D≈ hnizm-ka - mWv; am\-h-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-S-tØmfw

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

37

A{X-am{Xw \tΩmSv kao-]-ÿ-\mb Hcp ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmk-am-WXv. bmYm¿-∞y-Øn¬\n∂pw \sΩ A¬]hpw AI-‰m-sX, \kdm-b-\mb tbip-hn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bnØo¿∂ ssZh-]p-{X-\n-ep≈ \ΩpsS hnizmkw, bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ AXoh Kl\-amb A¿∞w {Kln-°p-∂X - n\pw ssZhw Cu temIsØ F{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-°p-∂psh-∂pw \nc-¥-c-ambn X∂n-te°pXs∂ AXns\ B\bn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw ImWp∂Xn\pw \sΩ Ign-hp-≈-hcm °p-∂p. ss{IkvX-h¿- F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu temI-ØnA[n-I-a-[nIw {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmSpw Xo{hXtbmSpw-IqSn Pohn-°p-hm≥ AXp \sΩ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂p.

hnizmkØnep≈ c£ 19. C{]-Im-cw, tbip ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse Imcy-߃ ImWp-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, hnip≤ ]utemkv hnizm-k-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp hnhcWw \ap°v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. hnizm-kZm\w kzoI-cn°p∂Xn-eqsS hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]pXnb krjvSn-Ifmbn-Øocp∂p; Hcp ]pXnb AkvXnXzw Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p; ssZha-°ƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah¿ Ct∏mƒ ""]p{X-\n¬ ]p{X∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.'' tbip-hn-s‚-Xs∂ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ apJ-ap{Z-bmb ""B∫m, ]nXmhv'' F∂ ]Z-{]tbmKw Ct∏mƒ ss{IkvX-h- A-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ImX-embn ]cn-W-an-°p∂p (cf. tdmam. 8:15). hnizm-k-Po-hnXw, ]pt{Xm-Nn-X-amb A- k v X nXzw F∂ \ne- b n¬, \ΩpsS PohnX- ß sf Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ auen-Ihpw BXy-¥n-I-hp-amb Zm\Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. tImdn-t¥m-kp-Im-tcmSv hnip≤ ]utemkv D∂-bn-°p∂ tNmZy-Øn¬ CXv \mw hy‡ambn ImWp-∂p: ""Zm\-ambn e`n-®-X-√msX \n\°v F¥p≠v?'' (cf. 1 tImdn. 4:7). ^cn-tk-b-tcm-Sp≈ ]utem-

38

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

kns‚ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-Øns‚ a¿Ωw CXm-bn-cp-∂p: c£ {]m]n-°p∂Xv hnizmkw apJm-¥n-ctam AYhm \nb-aØns‚ ]n≥_-e-Ømtem F∂ Imcyw. kz¥w {]hr-ØnI-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Xncpap≥]msI Xß-sfØs∂ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-cmbn Icp-Xn-b-h-cpsS at\m-`mhsØ ]utemkv \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. AØ-c-°m¿, Iev]\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw kXv{]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒt]mepw Xß-fn¬Ø-s∂ tI{μo-Ir-X-cm-Wv; \∑ ssZh-Øn¬-\n∂pw hcp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂X - nAh¿ ]cm-P-b-a-S-bp-∂p. C{]-Imcw kz¥w \oXn-t_m-[Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-am-Im≥ B{K-ln-®psIm≠v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ Cu B{Klw s]s´∂v ^e-iq-\y-am-Ip-∂Xpw \nbaw A\pk-cn-°m≥t]mepw Ign-bm-Ø-h-cmWv Xß-sf∂Xpw {Kln-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Xß-fn¬Ø-s∂ AS-™p-Iq-Sn-bh - cpw I¿Øm-hn¬-\n∂pw a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂pw H‰-s∏-´h-cpambn amdpIbpw sNøp- ∂ p; Pe- Ø n- \ - c n- s I- b - √ mØ Hcp hr£wt]mse Ah-cpsS PohnXw \njv^-e-hpw {]hr-ØnIƒ hy¿∞hpam-bn-Øo-cp∂p. hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv Xs‚ kzX-kn-≤a - m-b, kw£n-]vXhpw {it≤-bh - p-amb coXnbn¬ \tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p: ""\nß-fntebv°p Xncn-tb-≠-Xn\mbn t]mepw, \nßsf krjvSn-®-h-\n¬\n∂pw apJw Xncn°-cptX;''15 ("Ab eo qui fecit te, noli deficere nec ad te"). ""ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-ep-∂Xn-eqsS Fs∂Øs∂ Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw F∂p hnNm-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ Fs‚ PohnXw inYn-e-am-Ip-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p∂p'' (cf. eq°m. 15:11˛24), c£-bpsS Bcw`w Pohs\ ÿnco-Icn°pIbpw AXns‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øn¬ AXns\ ]cn-]m-en-°pIbpw sNøp∂ BXy-¥n-I-amb Hcp Zm\-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS-Xs∂ ]q¿h˛h¿Øn-bmb H∂nt\m-Sp≈ Xpd-hn-bm-Wv.

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

39

Cu Zm\-tØmSp Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cmbn AXw-Ko-I-cn-®mam{Xta cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sphm\pw c£ {]m]n-°phm\pw \√ ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°phm\pw \ap°v km[y-am-Iq. hnizmk-Ømep≈ c£-bpsS A¿∞w ssZhn-IZ- m-\Ø - ns‚ kap∂-XXzw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I- F∂mWv. hnip≤ ]utemkv ]dbp-∂-Xp-t]mse: ""hnizm-kw-hgn Ir-]-bm-emWv \n߃ c£n-°-s∏-´-Xv. AXp \n߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-X√, ssZhØns‚ Zm\-amWv'' (Ft^. 2:8).

20. hnizm-k-Øns‚ \qX-\-amb ImgvN-∏mSv {InkvXphn¬ tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw c£ {]Zm\w sNøp∂p; Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah-\n¬ \ΩpsS Po-hnXw \ap-°p-ap≥t]bp≈ Hcp kvt\l-tØmSv kaqew Xpd-hn-bp-≈-Xm-bnØocp∂p; D≈n¬\n∂pw \sΩ cq]m¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kvt\lamWXv; \Ωnepw \Ωn¬-IqSnbpw {]h¿Ø\ \nc-X-am-Ip∂ Hcp kvt\lw. \nb-am-h¿Ø-\Ønse Hcp `mK-Øn\v hnip≤ ]utemkv \¬Inb hymJym-\-Øn¬ CXv hfsc hy‡-ambn ImWp-∂p≠v. ]gb \nba ktμ-i-Øns‚ kmcmw-i-tØmSv ka-⁄-k-s∏´ Hcp hymJym-\-am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-I-ev]\, a\- n-em-°m≥ Akm-[yamb hn[-Øn¬ hfsc Db-c-Øntem hfsc AIe-Øntem A√ F∂v tami P\-tØmSp ]d-bp-∂p. ""Bcv kz¿K-Øn-te°p Ib-dn-s®∂v AXp -sIm≠ph∂p- Xcpw?''

As√-¶n¬ ""Bcv IS-en-\-°sc t]mbn AXp \ap°p sIm≠p-h-∂p-Xcpw?'' (\nb-. 30:11˛14) F∂v ]d-tb≠ Bh-iyan√. ss{IkvX-h-\n-ep≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ km∂n-[yambn ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Cu kmao]yw ]utemkv hymJym-\n°p-∂p. "kz¿K-Øn-te°v Bcp Ibdpw?' (AXm-bXv {InkvXp-hns\ Xmtg°p sIm≠p-hc - m≥th≠n) As√-¶n"]mXm-f-Øn-te°v Bcv Cdßpw?' (AXm-bXv, {InkvXp-

40

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

hns\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n-°m≥)'' (tdmam. 10:6˛7) F∂v \o lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]d-b-cpXv. {InkvXp `qan-bn-te°v Cd-ßn-hc - n-Ibpw acn-®h - c - n¬\n∂v Dbn¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp; a\p-jym-hX - m-chpw D∞m-\hpwhgn ]p{X-\mb ssZhw BIam\ a\p-jy-Po-h\pw Ncn-{Xhpw Bt«-jn®p; Ct∏mƒ ]cnip-≤m-flmhv apJm-¥ncw Ahn-Sp∂v \Ωp-sS lrZ-b-ß-fnhkn-°p-∂p. ssZhw \ΩpsS ASp-tØ°p h∂p F∂pw B¥-cn-Ia - mbn \sΩ cq]m-¥c - s∏SpØpIbpw \Ωn¬ IpSnsIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp alm-Zm-\-ambn {InkvXp \ap°p \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p F∂pw hnizmkw Adn-bp∂p.

A{]-Imcw Pohs‚ Bcw`-sØbpw AXns‚ A¥y-sØbpw D÷z-en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]Im-i-w \Ωp-sS-ta¬ h¿jn°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

21. At∏mƒ hnizmkw \Ωn¬ Df-hm-°p∂ B hyXymkw ImWm≥ \ap-°n-S-bm-Ip-∂p. hnizm-k-Øn¬ XßfpsS lrZ-b-߃ Xpd∂p sImSp-°-s∏´ B kvt\lØm¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. auen-I-amb Cu kvt\l-Øns‚ hmKvZm\-tØmSp≈ Xpdhn-bm¬ Ah-cpsS PohnXw hnim-ehpw hnkvXr-X-hp-ambn `hn®p. ""C\n-ta¬ Rm\√ Pohn-°p-∂Xv, {InkvXp-hmWv F∂n¬ Pohn- ° p- ∂ Xv '' (Kem. 2:20). ""hnizmkwhgn {InkvXp \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ hkn-°s´'' (Ft^.

3:17). Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS Xs∂-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂-bp≈ t_m[yw as‰m-cm-fns‚ km∂n-[yw-sIm≠p hnImkw {]m]n-°p∂p; At∏m-gm-Is´, Cu A]-c\ - n¬ Ahs‚ kvt\l-ØnAXv hkn-°p-∂p, PohnXw Hcp ]pXp-ssN-X\yw ssIhcn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ChnsS \mw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-w ImWp-∂p. Hcp ss{IkvX-h≥, Acq-]n-Xs∂bmb tbip-hns‚ kvt\l-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v,

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

41

Ahn-SpsØ IÆp-I-fn-eqsS ImWp-hm-\pw, B at\m-`m-hØnepw ]pt{Xm-Nn-Xa - mb Ahn-SpsØ kl-PK - p-Wß - f - nepw ]¶p-]-‰p-∂-Xn\pw Ign-bp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ kvt\l-Øn¬, {]tXy-I-amb hn[-Øn¬ \mw Ahn-SpsØ Z¿i\w kzoIcn-°p-∂p. kvt\l-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp-tØmSv A\p-cq-]-s∏-SmsXbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ km∂n[yw C√msX-bpw A hn- S psØ I¿Ømhmbn G‰p- ] - d bpI Akm- [ y- a mWv (cf.1 tImdn. 12:3).

hnizm-k-Øns‚ k`m-]c-amb am\w 22. CXp-h-gn-bmbn, hnizm-kn-bpsS PohnXw k`m]c-amb H∂mbn-Øo-cp-∂p: k`-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp Pohn-Xw. {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ F√m-hcpw Hcp ico-c-ambnØocp-∂p-sh∂p hnip≤ ]utemkv tdmanse ss{IkvXhtcmSv ]d-bptºmƒ AtX-°p-dn®v Al¶-cn-°p-hm-\√; {]XypX, ""ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evIn-bn-cn-°p∂ hnizm-kØ - ns‚ Af-h\ - p-kc - n®mWv''(tdmam. 12:3) Cßs\ Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-sX∂v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xm-¥m-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw At±lw DZvt_m-[n∏n-°p∂p. hniz-kn°p-∂-h¿ X߃ {]tLm-jn-°p∂ hn-izm-k-Øns‚ shfn®-Øn¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂ ImWp-hm≥ {]m]vXn t\Sp-∂p: kz¥w {]Xn-—mb apgp-h\pw km-£mXvI-cn-°s∏Sp-∂Xmbn Ah¿ ImWp∂ IÆmSn {In-kvXp-hm-Wv. hniz-kn°p-∂-hsc-sb√mw {InkvXp Xs‚ Np‰pw Hcpan®p-Iq-´n Hcp icocam-°p-∂Xpt]m-se-Xs∂ Hcp ss{IkvXh - \v a‰v F√m hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpap≈ kmc-h-Ømb Hcp _‘-ØnXm≥ Cu ico-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-sW∂ A\p-`hw kn≤n°p-∂p. Hcp hen-b b{¥-Øns‚ A{]-[m-\-amb Hcp `mKwt]mse Hcp hn-izmkn A-⁄m-Xa - mb Hcp km-Iey-Øns‚

42

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

sh-dp-samcp `mK-am-sW∂ hnh-£-b√ Hcp ico-c-Øn-s‚ {]Xn-cq-]-Øn-\p-≈-Xv; adn®v, hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ {InkvXphns‚ kPo-h-amb sFIyhpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb kwk¿K-hp-am-WnXv shfnhm-°p-∂Xv (cf. tdmam.

12:4˛5). ss{IkvX-h¿ ""H∂mWv'' (cf. Kem. 3:28), F∂mCXv Hcp-X-c-Ønepw Ah-cpsS hy‡nXzw \jvSam°p∂ H∂m-I¬ A√; A]-cs‚ ip{iq-j-bn¬, kap-∂-X-amb Hcp Xe-Øn¬ Ah¿ Xß-fpsS A\-\y-X-bn¬ FØp∂p. Cu ico-cØ - n¬\n∂p th¿s]´v, {InkvXp-hnep≈ k`bpsS sFIy-Øn-\p-]p-d-Øv — sdmamt\m Kzm¿Zo-\n-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬]d-™m¬ ""Ncn{X-Øn¬, temI- Ønse {Inkv X p- h ns‚ ka- { K- a mb ISm- £ - Ø n- s ‚ kwhm- l I-cmb''16 k`bv°p ]pd-Øv — hn-izm-k-Øn\v AXns‚ ""hym-]vXn'' \jvS-am-Ip-∂Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv F∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. k`bv°p ]pdØv AXv ka-Xp-en-Xmhÿ {]m]n- ° p- I - b n- √ ; AXns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\m-hiy-amb CShpw kwe-`y-a√. hnizmkw A\n-hm-cyamw- h n[w k`m- ] - c - a mWv ; hnizm- k n- I - f psS sFIyØns‚ kaq¿Ø- ` mhw F∂\ne- b n¬, AXv {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw k`m-Km-{X-Øn\v D≈n¬""]utemkns‚ am\-km-¥cw''; Ic-hm-Pntbm 1600˛¬ cNn-®Xv

\mw kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®ncn°p∂p

43

\n∂p- a m- W v . k`m- ] - c - a mb Cu ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n- e mWv hnizmkw Hcp ss{IkvX-hs\ CX-c-tcmSv Xpd-hn-bp-≈h\m-°p-∂Xv. Hcn-°¬ tI´ {InkvXp-hns‚ hN-\w, ss{IkvXh - s‚ lrZ-bØ - n¬ {]h¿Ø-\£ - a - a - m-°p∂ AXn-s‚ B¥cnI-i‡n{]`mhw \nan-Øw, Hcp {]XypØc-ambn, DZvtLm-jn-°-s∏´ hN-\-ambn, Hcp hnizm-k-{]tLm-jWambn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. hnip≤ ]utemkv {]Xn]m-Zn°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se: Hcp-h≥ lrZ-bw-sIm≠v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw.... A[-cw-sIm≠v G‰p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (tdmam.

10:10). hnizmkw kzImcy-amb H∂√; XnI™ sshb‡nI k¶-ev]tam hy‡n-]-c-amb A`n-{]m-btam A√ AXv: AXv tIƒhn-bn¬\n∂pw kwPmX-am-Ip-∂p; hm°pIfn¬ {]Im-i\w Is≠-Øm\pw DZv-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm\pw th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-W-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, ""Hcn-°epw tI-´n´n-√mØ-h-\n¬ Fßs\ hniz-kn°pw? {]kw-K-I≥ C√m-sX Fßs\ tIƒ°pw?''(tdmam. 10:14). e`n® Ir]mhc-Øns‚bpw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsf {Inkv-Xp-hn-te°v BI¿jn°p∂ kv t \l- Ø n- s ‚bpw ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ BWv ss{IkvXh - \ - n¬ hnizmkw {]h¿-Ø\\nc-Xam-Ip-∂Xv (cf.

Kem. 5:6). temIm-hk - m\-tØmfw, Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-S\ - ofw k`bpsS alm-Xo¿∞mS\-Øn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ AXv \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. Cu hn[-Øn¬ cq]m-¥c-s∏-´h¿°v; ]pXnb Hcp Z¿i-\w Xpd-∂p-In-´p-Ibpw, hnizm-kw Ah-cpsS \b-\-߃-°v shfn-®-ambn ]cn-W-an-°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

44

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

dq_≥ cNn® ""k`-bpsS hnP-b-bm{X'' F∂ Nn{Xw

A[ymbw c≠v

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√ (cf. Gi. 7:9)

hnizm-khpw kXyhpw 23. hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \n\°v {Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpI-bn√ (cf. Gi. 7:9). lo{_p ss__n-fns‚ {Ko°p-hnh¿-Ø-\-amWv Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ "sk]vXzPn≥Xv . ' Cu hnh¿Ø- \ - Ø n¬ Giøm Zo¿L- Z ¿in Blmkv cmPm-hn-t\mSp ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv ta¬]-d™{]-Im-c-am-Wv. Aßs\ kXysØ°p-dn-®p≈ ⁄m\sØ kw_-‘n® hnjbw hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-_n-μp-hm-bn. Cu `mKw lo{_p-`mj-bn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hn-t\m-Sp ]dbp-∂p: ""hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n°p-I-bn-√.'' ChnsS "aman' (Bam≥) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ c≠p cq]-߃ sIm≠p≈ \m\m¿∞ {]tbm-K-߃ ; "\n\°p ImWm≥ Ignbpw. "\o hniz-kn°pw'

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

45

kpÿnXn e`n°pw' . Xs‚ i{Xp-°-fpsS i‡n I≠p `b-N-In-X-\mb cmPmhv al-Ømb A o-dn-b≥ km{am-Py-hp-ambn Hcp kJy-ap-≠m°n kpc-£n-XXzw Dd∏m-°m≥ Btem-Nn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-]I - cw hniz-k\ - o-bhpw ZrV-hp-amb ine-bmb C{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-Øn¬ ]q¿Æhn-izm-k-a¿∏n-°p-hm≥ {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hn-t\mSv Bh-iys∏-Sp-∂p. ssZhw hniz-k-\o-b-\m-Wv; AXp-sIm≠v ssZhØn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-∂Xpw bp‡n-kl-amb Imcyam-Wv. CtX ssZhsØ Xs∂-bmWv Giøm XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ as‰mcp `mKØv, Htc hmIy-Øn¬, Hcp hmIy-Øn¬ c≠p{]m-hiyw, "Bta≥', "kXy-Øns‚ ssZhw' DS-º-Sn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hniz-kvX-X-bpsS imiz-X-amb ASnØd F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv (cf. Gi. 65:16). {Ko°p-hn-h¿Ø\-Øn¬ ""kpÿnXn e`n-°pI'' F∂-Xn\p]Icw ""a\- nem-°pI'' F∂p hnh¿-Ø\w sNøp-I-hgn lo{_q ss__nfnse, "ssZh-Øn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°pI' F∂ Bib-Øn¬\n∂v _u≤n-Ia - mbn {Kln-°pI F∂ {Ko°v Bib-Ønte-°v hf-sc-tbsd hyXn-N-en®p F∂p tXm∂mw.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw, Cu hnh¿Ø\w bh-\-kw-kvIm-c-hp-ambp≈ Hcp kwhm-ZsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw lo{_p hmIy-Øn¬ A¥¿eo\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bi-bØn\p hncp-≤-am-sW∂p ]d-™p-Iq-Sm. cmPm-hn\v Giøm hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ kpÿn-c-amb ASn-Ød bYm¿∞Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]-h¿Ø-\-sØbpw a\p-jy-Po-hnXØn\pw am\hNcn-{X-Øn-\pw AhnSp∂p \evIp∂ sFIysØbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. ssZhØns‚ hgn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥ cmPm-hns\bpw \sΩbpw sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂p; ssZh-Øns‚ hnizkvX-X-bn¬ bpK-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p∂ hnth-I-]q¿h-amb kwhn-[m\w Xncn-®-dn-™v Ahn-SpsØ hgn-Iƒ a\- n-em-

46

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

°- W w. hnip≤ BK- k v X o- t \mkv ""a\- n- e m- ° pI, kpÿnXn e`n-°pI'' F∂o Bi-b-ßsf "G‰p-]-d-®n-epIƒ' F∂ Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ A]-{K-Yn-°p∂p-≠v. Dd®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn\v Hcmƒ B{i-bn-t°≠ kXy-sØ-°pdn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºm-gm-WnXv: ""At∏mƒ Rm≥ \ns‚ kXy-Øns‚ aqi-bn¬ hm¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Nph-Sp-d-∏n®p \nev°p-Ibpw sNøpw.''17 ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-k-\o-b-amb Cu kXyw ss__nƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ncn-{XØnse hniz-kvX-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ AhnSp-sØ km∂n[yhpw- Ime-L-´-ß-sfbpw bpK-ß-sfbpw H∂n-®ptN¿Øp ]nSn°p-hm\pw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ NnX-dn-t∏mb CgIƒ H∂m-°phm\pw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ Ign-hpamWv F∂v {]I-S-am-°p-hm-\mWv hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ {iaw F∂v kml-N-cy-Øn¬\n∂p \ap-°-dn-bm≥ km[n-°pw.18 24. Cu shfn-®-Øn¬ hmbn-®m¬ {]h-N-\-`mKw \sΩ \bn-°pI Htc-sbmcp \nK-a-\-Øn-te-°m-Wv: \ap°v Adnhp-thWw, \ap°p kXyw Bh-iy-am-Wv; Fs¥-∂m¬, Ch IqSmsX \ap°v Dd®p\nev°phmt\m aptºm´p t]m-Ip-hmt\m km[y-a-√. kXysØ IqSm-sX-bp≈ hnizmkw c£ \evIn√, kp\n-›n-X-amb \ne-\n¬∏v AXv \¬Ip-∂n-√.

AXp at\m-l-c-amb Hcp IY am{X-am-bn-cn°pw, kt¥mj-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS Bg-ta-dnb A`n-hm-RvObpsS Hcp {]Xn-^-e\w, \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ I_-fn-∏n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂nS-tØmfw \ap°p kwXr]vXn \evIp-∂ H∂v.

H∂p-In¬ ta¬ ]d-™Xv AYhm \ap°v Bizm-khpw kt¥m-jhpw \evIp∂ D∂-X-amb Hcp hnImcw, ]t£ CXp \ΩpsS a\- ns‚, `mh-\-bpsS A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb Ne-\-߃°pw Ime-Øns‚ hyXnbm-\߃°pw Cc-bmbn-cn-°pwXm\pw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Dd® Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-I-tfmsS-bp≈ {]bm-Ww Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥ CXn\p km[n-°p-I-bp-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

47

an-√. CXm-bn-cp∂p hnizm-k-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sa-¶n¬ Xs‚ Poh\pw cmPy-Øns‚ kpc-£n-XX - zhpw Hcp hnIm-cØ - ns‚ t]-cn¬ A]-IS- Ø - n-em-°c - pXv F∂ Blm-kns‚ \ne]mSv icn-bmbn-cp-t∂-s\. F∂m¬, kXy-tØm-Sp≈ B¥cn-I_‘w H∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, cmPm-hns‚ IW-°p-Iq´epIƒ°p-]-cn-bmbn, hnizm-k-Øn\v Hcp ]pXnb shfn®w \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p; Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv IqSp-X-¬ AIse-bp-≈Xv Z¿in-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ DS-º-Sn-tbm-Spw hmKvZm\-ß-tfmSpw hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ IcsØ-°p-dn®v {i≤ ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

25. \ΩpsS Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ kXyw A`nap-Jo-Ic - n-°p∂ {]Xn-k‘n IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ F∂-sØ-°mfpw C∂v, hnizm-khpw kXyhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \mw Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. ImcWw, ka-Im-enI kwkvImc-Øn¬, kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS kXyw am{X-amWv bYm¿∞ kXyw F∂v \Ωƒ Icp-Xp-∂p: A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ {]Xn-k‘n IW-°nseSp°p-tºmƒ imkv{Xo-b-hn-⁄m\wsIm≠p \ap°p ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-hp-∂Xpw Af-°m-hp∂-Xp-amWv kXyw; {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bXp kXyw; PohnXw IqSp- X ¬ efn- X hpw kpJ- I - c - h pam- ° p- ∂ Xv Ft¥m AXmWv kXyw. C°meØv kp\n-›n-X-am-bn-´p-≈Xpw CXpam{X-am-Wv; ]¶phbv°m-≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw kw-hm-ZØn\pw s]mXp-hmb [mc-W° - p-ap≈ ASn-ÿm-\a - mbn IcpXm-hp-∂Xpamb GI-kXyw CXm-Wv. F¶nepw Af-hp-tImens‚ adph-iØv hy‡n-\n-jvT-amb kXy-߃ BImsa∂p kΩ-Xn-°m≥ \mw Xøm-dm-Wv; Ch-bm-Is´, HcmfpsS G‰w Bg-ta-dnb hnizm-k-ß-tfm-Sp≈, DØ-a-t_m[y-ß-tfm-Sp≈, hniz-kvX-X-bm-Wv. ]t£ Cu kXy-߃°v B hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-®p-am-{Xta km[p-X-bp-≈q; s]mXp-\-∑-bv°m-bn a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

48

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

hm≥ Ch aXn-bm-b-h-b-√. F∂m¬ hy‡n-I-sf∂ \nebnepw kaq-lØ - nse AwK-߃ F∂ \ne-bnepw \ΩpsS Pohn-Xs - Ø ka-{K-ambn hni-Zo-Ic - n-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ kXyw, bYm¿∞ kXyw, kwi-b-Zr-jvSn-tbm-sS-bmWv ho£n°s∏Sp-∂-Xv. Ign™ \q‰m-≠nse henb GIm-[n-]-Xy-{]ÿm-\-߃, X߃°p≠v F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv CØcw kXy-amWv F∂p ]d-bs∏Sp∂p. hy‡n-I-fpsS bYm¿∞ PohnXw Nhn-´n-sa-Xn-°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kz¥w temI-k-¶-ev]w F√mh-cp-sS-taepw ASn-t®-ev]n-°m≥ {ian® {]-ÿm-\-ß-fmWv Ah. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-ambn Ah-ti-jn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Is´ "Bt]-£n-I-kn-≤m-¥-am-Wv.' CX-\p-k-cn-®v-—B-Xy-¥n-I-ambn ssZhw Xs∂-bm-b-— km¿h-eu-In-I-kXyw F∂ Bibw A{]-k-‡-am-Wp-Xm\pw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ, aX-hpw kXyhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w hnt—-Zn-°pI bp‡n-k-l-ambn tXm∂pw. Htc hnizm-k-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm-Ø-h-cpsS A\p`hw a¿±-\hpw ]oU-\-ß-fp-ambn Xocp∂ Cu _‘w aX{`m-¥ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-ambn ImWmw. Cu kml-Ncy-Øn¬ ka-Im-eo-\-tem-IØv At\-Isc Hcp-Xcw ad-hntcmKw _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pthWw ]d-bm≥. kXyw kw_-‘n® {]iv\w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Hm¿Ω, Bg-ap≈ Hm¿Ω kw_-‘n® Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv; ImcWw, \ap-°paptº D≠m-bn-cp∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ kw_-‘n-®p-≈XmWv AXv. sNdpXpw ]cn-an-X-hp-amb, hy‡n-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bv°p≈ \ΩpsS Ah-t_m-[-Øn\v AXo-X-ambn \sΩ H∂n-∏n-°m≥ AXn\p Ign-bp-w. AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw D¤hw kw_-‘n® {]kvXpX {]iv\a - mWv CXv. AXns‚ shfn-®Ø - nem-Wv \ΩpsS e£ysØ kw_‘n® Hc¬]-Z¿i-\hpw AXp-hgn H∂n-®p≈ {]bm-WØns‚ A¿∞hpw \ap°p {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpI.

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

49

kXyw, hnizmkw Ch-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv 26. ÿnXn CXm-bn-cnt°, kXysØ a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ icn-bmb am¿Kw kw_-‘n®p s]mXp-\-∑bv°p klm-bI-amb Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°m≥ ss{IkvXh hnizm-kØn\p Ign-bptam? Cu tNmZy-Øn\pØcw \evIp-hm≥ hnizm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Adnhv GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈XmWv F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v \Ωƒ hnNn-¥\w \S-tØ≠nbn-cn-°p∂p. ChnsS hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚ Hcp {]kvXmh\ klm-b-I-am-Wv: "a\p-jy≥ lrZ-bw-sIm≠p hniz-kn°p∂p' (tdmam 10:10). ss__n-fn¬ lrZbw F∂p ]d™m¬ a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS G‰hpw ImX-emb Awiw F∂m-W¿∞w. Hcm-fpsS F√m am\-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw k‘n°p∂ CS-amWp lrZ-bw: ico-chpw, Bflmhpw, B¥cnIXbpw _mly-tem-I-tØmSpw a‰p a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-ap≈ Xpd∂ a\ pw, _p≤n-i‡n, C—m-i‡n, hnIm-c-߃˛F∂o am\-ß-sf√mw lrZ-b-Øn¬ HØp-tN-cp-∂p. Cu hyXykvX kn≤n-Isfsb√mw GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ lrZb-Øn\p Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ AXns‚ ImcWw, \mw kXy-Øn\pw kvt\l-Øn\pw kzbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p∂Xv ChnsS-bmWv F∂p≈Xm-Wv. ho≠pw, kXyhpw kvt\lhpw \sΩ kv]¿in-°m≥ \mw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-bmWv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah \sΩ kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ \mw Bg-Øn¬ cq]m¥cs∏Sp-∂p. Hcmƒ kvt\l-Øn\v F{Xam{Xw kzbw Xpd-∂psImSp°p-∂pthm, B Af-hn¬ hnizm-kw Abm-fpsS apgp-h≥ hy‡n-Xz-sØbpw cq]m-¥-cs∏-SpØpw. hnizm-khpw kvt\lhpw Cßs\ ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-°-s∏Sp-tºmƒ hnizm-k-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂Xv GXp X-c-Øn-ep≈ AdnhmWv F∂p\mw Xncn-®-dnbp-∂p; \ap°v Dd® t_m[y-ßfpw \ΩpsS Ime-Sn-Iƒ°p shfn-®hpw \evIm≥ AXn\p≈ Ignhpw i‡n-bpw \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. hnizmkw Adn-hv B¿÷n°p-∂Xv,

50

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

AXn\p kvt\l-hpambn _‘-ap-≈X - p-sIm-≠m-Wv. Fs¥∂m¬, kvt\lw kzbtahbmWv hn⁄m\w ]I-cp-∂Xv. \sΩ B¥-cn-I-ambn cq]m-¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]pXnb IÆp-IƒsIm≠p bmYm¿-∞y-sØ ImWm≥ \sΩ Ignhp-≈-hcm°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A\¥-amb kvt\-lw \mw kzoI-cn°p-tºm-gmWv, hnizmkw kw_‘n® Adnhv \Ωn¬ D¤hn-°p-∂-Xv. 27. hnizm-k-hpw kp\n-›n-X-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘Øn\v epUvhnKv hn‰vsK≥ssÃ≥ F∂ Zm¿i-\n-I≥ \evIp∂ hni-Zo-I-cWw Gsd {]i-kvXam-Wv. hn‰vsK≥ssÃ\v hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv {]W-b-Øn-em-hpI F∂ A\p-`-h-tØmSv kam-\-am-Wv; CXp hy‡n-\n-jvT-amWv, F√m-h¿°pw km[p-hmbn tXm∂p∂ Hcp kXy-ambn CXns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-a-√.19 C°m-eØv {]WbØn\v kXy-hp-ambn _‘-ap≠v F∂v A[n-I-amcpw IcpXp-∂pan-√. £W-`w-Kp-c-ß-fmb hnIm-cßfp-sS temI-hpambn _‘-s∏´ Hc-\p-`-h-ambn´-√m-sX, AXn\p kXy-hpambn _‘-ap≠v F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂n√.

F∂m¬ kvt\l-Øn\v tbmPn® Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-WamtWm CXv? Aev]m-bp- mb Hcp hnImcw am{X-ambn kvt\-lsØ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bn-√. t{]aw \ΩpsS sshIm-cnI Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n-®p-≈X - mWv F∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-Xb - m-Wv. F∂m¬ kvt\ln-°p∂ hy‡n-tbmSp Xs‚ kvt\lw hy‡-am-°m≥, Aßs\ kzm¿-∞X-bn¬\n∂p Xs∂-Øs∂ AI-‰p∂ ]pXnb Hcp-hgn sXfn°phm≥, as‰mcp hy‡n-tbmSv ASp-°p-hm≥, imiz-X-amb Hcp _‘w ÿm]n-°p-hm≥, kvt\lw B{K-ln-°p-∂p; t{]a-`m-P-\-hp-ambn sFIyw {]m]n-°p-I-bmWp kvt\lØns‚ e£yw. kvt\l-Øn\v kXyw Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂sXß-s\sb∂v ChnsS \Ωƒ Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. kXy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Xew-hsc am{X-ta,

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

51

kvt\l-Øn-\v, ImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm\pw £WnI\nan-jß - sf adn-IS- ° - p-hm\pw ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-h® - p≈ Hcp bm{X-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂X - n-\p-th≠ ZrVX ssIh-cn-°phm\pw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. kvt\l-Øn\p kXy-hp-ambn _‘-an-s√-¶n¬, Ime-Øns‚ ]co-£-W-ßsf AXn-Pohn-°p-hm-\m-ImsX AXv N]-e-amb hnIm-c-߃°v Ccbm-bn-Øo-cpw. t\tc-a-dn®v, bYm¿∞-kvt\lw \ΩpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ F√m LS-I-ß-sfbpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°pIbpw al-\obhpw kºq¿Æ-hpamb Pohn-X-Øn-te-°p hgn sXfn-°p∂ ]pXnb Hcp shfn-®a - mbn AXp a - m-dpIbpw sNøpw. kXysØ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠p kvt\l-Øn\p ZrV-amb Hcp _‘w ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√; H‰-s∏Sp-Øp∂ \ΩpsS Al-¥-bn¬\n∂p \sΩ tamNn∏n-°phm\pw Poh-\p-≠m-hp-Ibpw ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xn-\p-th≠n ss\an-jnI hnIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂p \sΩ c£n°phm\pw AXn\v Ign-bp-I-bn√. kvt\l-Øn\p kXyw Bh-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-Øn\p kvt\l-hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kvt\lhpw kXyhpw Ahn`m-PyßfmWv. kvt\l-an-s√-¶n¬ kXyw \n¿hn-Im-c-hpw hy‡n-]-c-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp `mc-ambn A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-XØn¬ A\p-`h - s - ∏-Spw. kvt\lw \sΩ kv]¿-in-°p-tºmƒ, \mw At\z-jn-°p∂, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-bm{Xbv°v A¿∞w \¬Ip∂ kXyw \sΩ {]Im-iam\-am-°p-∂p. -kvt\lw kXy-Øns‚ Hc-\p-`-h-am-sW∂pw kvt\l-`m-P-\-hp-ambp≈ sFIy-Øn¬, bmYm¿∞y-sØ \h-amb Hcp coXnbn¬ Z¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v AXp \ΩpsS \b-\-߃ Xpd-°p∂p-sh∂pw kvt\ln-°p∂ hy‡n Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬ alm-\mb hnip≤ {KnK-dn°v C{]-Imcw FgpXp-hm≥ Ign™p; kvt\lw AXn¬Øs∂ X\-Xmb bp‡n-`-{Z-X-bp≈ Hcp-Xcw Adn-hm-Wv 20 ("amor ipse notitia est"). temIsØ _‘pXz]-ca - mbn ho£n-°p∂ Hcp coXn-

52

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

bm-W-Xv, A{]Imcw AXv ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ Hc-dn-hm-bnØo-cp∂p; A]-cs‚ \b-\-ß-fn-eqsSbp≈ Hcp ImgvN, kI-eX - n-s\bpw kw_-‘n® ]¶p-hb - v°s - ∏-Sp∂ Hcp Z¿i\w. a[y-bp-K-Øn¬ Pohn® Xotb-cn-bnse hnip≤ hneyw DØ-a-Ko-X-Ønse Imap-I≥ Xs‚ {]Wbn-\ntbmSv "\ns‚ \b-\-߃ CW-{]m-hp-I-fmWv' (DØ-a. 1:15)21 F∂p ]dbp∂ hmIyw hymJym-\n-°p-tºmƒ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xv Cu ]mc-º-cy-am-Wv. hneyw ]d-bp-∂p, B c≠p IÆp-Iƒ hnizm-kw \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ bp-‡nbpw kvt\l-hp-am-Wv. ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ KmV-[ym-\-Øn¬ apgp-Ip-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS Adnhv ""{]Im-ia - m-\a - mb kvt\l-Øns‚ Adnhm''bnØocp-tºmƒ22 Ah c≠pw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

28. Adn-hns‚ t{kmX v F∂ \ne-bn¬, Hmtcm kv{Xobp-sSbpw ]pcp-js - ‚-bpw auen-Ia - mb A\p-`h - Ø - ns‚ `mKamb kvt\l-Øns‚ Cu Is≠-ج; ss__n-f-[n-jvTnX-am-bn, hnizm-ksØ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ B[n-Im-cn-Iambn {]I-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. ssZhw Xßsf Xnc-s™-SpØv Hcp P\-X-bm-°n-Øo¿Ø B kvt\lw \pI¿∂t∏mƒ, ssZhn-I-]-≤-Xn-bpsS BI-am\-sFIyw C{km-tben\p {Kln-°p-hm-\m-bn. ssZh-Øns‚ DS-º-Sn-]-c-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂p-Ss - e-Sp-°p-∂X - n-\m¬, hnizm-k˛- ⁄ m\w, Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp ]mXsb {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p∂ Adnhm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠-t{X, ss__n-fn¬, kvt\lhpw hnizkvX-Xbpw Hcp-an®p \oßp-∂Xv: hmKvZm-\-߃ \nd-th-‰pIbpw ka-b-Øns‚ XnI-hn¬, Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Bg-amb Adnhv km[y-am-°n-Øo¿°pIbpw sNøp∂ hniz-kvX-X-bpsS ssZh-amWv bYm¿∞ ssZhw. hn{]-hmk-Øns‚ thZ-\bpw hnip≤ \K-c-Øn-tebv°p aS-ßp∂Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kp\n-›nXamb {]Xym-ibpw \nd™ {]hmNI-cpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS, Cu ssZhnI ""kXyw'', krjvSn-bn¬ XpSßn temI-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Ncn-{X-sØ-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

53

bpw Bt«-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\v, AXn-s‚-Xs∂ Ncn{X-]-c-amb ]cn-[n-Iƒ°-∏p-dt- Øbv°p hym]n®p F∂v C{km-tb-en\p {Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. Hcp {]tXyI P\XbpsS `mKt[-b-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, Bcw`w-ap-X¬ Ah-km-\w-h-sc, krjvS-{]-]-©-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ apgp-h\pw hnizm-k-˛⁄m\w shfn®w hoip-∂p.

hnizm-kw-, {ih-Ww ImgvN F∂o \ne-I-fn29. hnizm-k-⁄m\w a\p-jy-\p-ambn Hcp kvt\l-_‘w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw, Xs‚ hN\w hniz-kvX\mb Hcp ssZhhp-am-bp≈ Hcp DS-º-Sn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂Xn\m¬Øs∂, Cu ssZhw a\pjy-t\mSp kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnizm-k-⁄m-\sØ ss__nƒ HcpXc-Ønep≈ {ihWw Bbn´mWh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv: {ih-W-i-‡nbp-ambn _‘-s∏-´- Adn-hv. k¿thm-XvIr-jvS-amb Hcp kq{X-hmIyw hnip≤ ]utemkv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v: ""hnizmkw tIƒhn-bn¬ \n∂mWv'' (fides ex auditu) (tdmam. 10:17).

Hcp hN-\hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Adnhv Ft∏m-gpw hy‡n-KX-amb Adn-hm-Wv; kwkm-cn-°p-∂- hy‡n-bpsS kzcw AXp Xncn-®d - n-bp∂p; kzmX-{¥y-tØmsS B hy‡n-tbmSp lrZbw Xpd-°pIbpw A\p-k-cW-tØmsS Abmsf ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{]Imcw, "hnizmk-Øns‚ hnt[-bXz'sØ∏‰n ]d-bp-hm≥ hnip≤ ]utem-kn\p Ign™p (cf. tdm-am. 1:5; 16:26).23 Ime-Øns‚ {]hm-lhpam-bpw _‘-ap≈ Hc-dn-hmWv hnizm-kw. ImcWw, hm°p-Iƒ D®-cn-°m≥ kabw Bh-iy-amWv; injyXz-Ønt‚Xmb Hcp Zo¿Lbm{X-bnte Cu Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-°s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. Aßs\ tIƒ°pI F∂ A\p-`hw Adnhpw kvt\lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am°m≥ klm-bn-°pw. kXysØ Adn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ, Nne-

54

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

t∏mƒ tIƒ-hnbpw ImgvN-bp-w ]c-kv]chncp≤ambn ]cnK-Wn-°s - ∏-´n-cp∂p; ImgvNbv°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-I- bh\kw-kvIm-cØ - ns‚ khn-ti-jX - bmbn ]dbs∏-´n-cp-∂p. a\pjy-h¿Kw Ft∏mgpw A`n-ejn-®n-cp∂ ]q¿Æ-am-b-Xn-s\°p-dn-®p≈ [ym\w shfn®w km[y-am°p-sa-¶n¬, kzmX{¥y-Øn\v CS-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂p hcpw; Fs¥∂m¬ B shfn®w Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-am-h-iy-s∏-SmsXXs∂ BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v t\cn´v IÆp-I-fn-te°v \n]-Xn-°p-∂-XmWv. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb temI-Øn¬\n∂pw AXns‚ kt¥mj-ß-fn¬-\n∂pw kl-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw AI-se, \n›-eamb Hcp [ym\m-hÿ AXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂mw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Adnhp kw_-‘n® {Ko°p-ImcpsS [mc-Wbpw ss__n-fnse Adnhv kw_-‘n® [mcWbpw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cn-°pw. {Ko°pIm¿, bmYm¿∞ysØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ka-{K-amb [mcW ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n Adn-hns\ ImgvN-tbmSp _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Xew-hsc-bmWv Cu ssh]-co-Xyw. F∂m¬ Ds≠∂v Btcm-]n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ Cu sshcp≤yw ss__n-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-ßtfmSv tbmPn-°p∂n√. ssZh-h-N\w tIƒ°p∂-Xn-s\m∏w Ahn-SpsØ apJw Z¿in-°m-\p≈ B{K-lhpw Ds≠∂-Xn-\m¬ ]gb\nbaw Cu c≠p-Xcw Adnhn-s\-bpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p. Aßs\ hnip≤{KŸ-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-ambn-´p≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb ssZh-hn-fn-bnepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw kXyw A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-SpI Ime-Øn-emWv F∂ bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn-ep-amWv {ihWw Du∂¬sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ bh\-kw-kvIm-c-hp-ambp≈ Hcp kwhm-Z-Øn\p If-sam-cp-°n-bn-cp∂p; hnip≤ enJn-Xß - f - psS lrZ-bØ - nk∂n-ln-X-amb Hcp kwhm-Zw. ImgvN, apgp-h≥ bm{XbpsS ka-{K-amb Hcp ho£Ww \¬-Ip∂p; ssZh-Øns‚ BIam\ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ `mKambn AXns\ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

55

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu ho£-W-an-s√-¶n¬ Adn-b-s∏-SmØ H∂n-s‚ ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√mØ Nne Awi-߃ am{Xta \ap°p e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

30. hnizm-k⁄ m-\Ø - n¬ tIƒhnbpw ImgvNbpw XΩnep≈ _‘w G‰hpw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jØ - n-em-Wv. \memasØ kphn-ti-jØ - n¬ hnizkn-°pI F∂m¬ ImWp-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂m-Wv. hnizm-k-Ønse tIƒhn kvt\l-Øn\p am{Xambp≈ Adn-hns‚ Hcp cq]-t`-Za - mWv: CXv hy‡n-]camb Hcp tIƒhn-bm-Wv; \√ CS-bs‚ kzcw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ Hcp tIƒhn (cf. tbml. 10:3˛5); BZna injysct∏mse injyXzØn-tebv°p≈ hnfn Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp tIƒhn-bmWXv. ""Ah≥ ]d-™-Xp-tI´v Ah¿ tbip-hns\ A\p-Kan-®p'' (tbml. 1:37). F∂m¬ hnizm-k-Øn\p ImgvN-bpambpw _‘-ap-≠v. emk-d-ns\ Dbn¿∏n-®-Xp-I≠ blq-Z¿ "Ah≥ {]h¿Øn-®X - p-I≠v Ah-\n¬ hniz-kn®p' (tbml.

11:45). AXp-t]mse tbip {]h¿Øn® A¤p-X-߃ Nnet∏mƒ hnizm-kØ - n-tebv°p \bn-°p-∂p: a‰p Nne kμ¿`ß-fn¬, hnizmkw kzb-tah IqSpX¬ Bg-ap≈ ho£WØn-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. ""hniz-kn-®m¬ \o ssZh-alØzw Z¿in°pw'' (tbml. 11:40). Ah-km\w hnizm-k-hpw Z¿i\hpw ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap´p∂p. ""Fs∂ hniz-kn-°p-∂h - ≥ Fs∂ Ab-®-h-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p; Fs∂ ImWp-∂h≥ Fs∂ Ab-®-hs\ ImWp∂p'' (tbml. 12:44˛45). tIƒhn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ ImgvNbpw Hcp-X-cØn¬ {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-K-an-°-emIpw. Bg-ß-fn-tebv°p‰p t\m°pI F∂Xv, \ΩpsS \b-\-߃°p klP-am-I-Ø-°-hn-[w ho£n-°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn hnizmkw ]cn-W-an-°pw. Dbn¿∏p-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ {]`mXw, tbml∂m-\n¬\n∂v, iq\y-amb I√-d-bv°p-ap≥]n¬ \nev°p∂, ""I≠p-hn-iz-kn®'' tbml-∂m-\n¬\n∂v, tbip-hns\ I≠-

56

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

tijw Ahn-SpsØ XS-™p-\n¿Øm≥ {ian-°p∂ aKvZ-e\-ad - n-bØ - n-te°p \oßp∂p. adn-bt- Øm-Sv tbip ]d-™Xv Xm≥ ]nXm-hns‚ ]°-te°p aS-ßp-∂Xns\-°pdn®v [ym\n-°phm-\m-Wv. Ah-km\w injy-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ AhfpsS ]q¿Æ-amb G‰p-]-d-®n-en¬ AXv FØp∂p: ""Rm≥ I¿Øm-hns\ I≠p'' (tbml. 20:18). {ih-Whpw ImgvNbpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ka-\zbw Fßs\-bmWv km[n°pI? {InkvXp-hmIp∂ hy‡n-bn-eq-sSbmWv CXp km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. \ap°v ImWp-hm\pw tIƒ°p-hm\pw Ign-bp∂ tbip F∂ hy‡n-bn-eqsSØs∂bmWv CXv km[y-am-hp-I. Ahn-Sp-∂mWv amwkw [cn® hN\w; Ahn-SpsØ al-Øz-amWv \mw Z¿in-®Xv (cf. tbml. 1:14). ]nXmhv ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp apJ-Øns‚ {]Imi-amWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ {]Im-iw. \memasØ kphn-tij-Øn¬, hnizm-k-w B¿Pn°p∂ kXyw CXm-Wv: ]p{X\n-ep≈ ]nXm-hn-s‚ shfn-s∏-S¬ tbip-hns‚ ""{]Imi]q-cn-Xa - mb PohnXw'' F∂v \n¿h-Nn-°m-hp-∂, Ahn-SpsØ ico-c-Ønepw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-amWv Cu shfn-s∏-S¬.24 hnizm-k⁄ m\w XnI®pw B¥-cn-Ia - mb kXy-Øn-te°p am{X-a√ \ΩpsS ZrjvSnIsf \bn-°p-∂Xv F∂-t{X CXns‚ A¿∞w. hnizmkw \ap°p ImWn-®p-X-cp∂ kXyw, {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-ens\bpw AhnSpsØ Pohn-Xs - Ø-°pdn®p≈ [ym\sØbpw Ahn-SpsØ km∂n-[yw kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m-[sØbpw tI{μo-I-cn®p-≈-Xm-Wv. Dbn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰ I¿Øm-hns‚ ki-coc km∂n-[y-Øn-ep-≈,25 At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS "ImgvN-bmep≈ hnizm-ksØ'-°p-dn®v (oculata fides) hnip≤ tXmakv AIzo-\mkv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ tbip-hns\ Ah¿ kz¥w IÆp-Iƒ-sIm≠v I≠p, Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p; Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬, X߃ ImWp-∂-Xns‚ Bg-ß-fnte°p D‰p-t\m-°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-™p. ]nXm-hns‚ he-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

57

Xp-`m-KØv D]-hn-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZh-]p-{X-\n-ep≈ hnizmkw G‰p-]-d-bp-hm\pw Ah¿°p km[n-®p.

31. Cßs\ amwkw [cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS \ΩpsS a\pjyXzw ]¶p-h-bv°pIhgn am{Xta, kvt\l-Øn\v A\pcq-]-amb Adnhv ]q¿Æ-ambpw ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-am-bncp-∂p-≈q. ImcWw, kvt\l-`m-P-\-Øns‚ B¥-cnI km∂n-[y-Øn-\v \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°pIbpw Xs∂-∏-‰n-bp≈ Bg-ta-dnb clkyw Xncn®dn-bm≥ \sΩ i‡-cm-°p-∂ AXv \ΩpsS lrZ-bsØ kv]¿in-°pIbpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Imiw ]nd-°p-∂-Xv. tIƒhn-tbmSpw ImgvN-tbmSpsam-∏w tbml-∂m≥ hnizmksØ kv]¿i-tØmSpw _‘n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂v Aßs\ \ap°p a\ n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p.

H∂mw teJ- \ - Ø ntbml∂m≥ {]kvXmhn°p∂p: ""R߃ tI´-Xpw kz¥w IÆp-sIm≠p I≠Xpw kq£n-®pho-£n-®Xpw ssIsIm≠p kv]¿in-®-Xp-amb Pohs‚ hN\w'' (1 tbm-l. 1:1). icocw kzoI-cn®p \ΩpsS CS-bnte°p hcp-I-hgn, tbip \sΩ kv]¿in-®p, IqZm-iI - f - n-eqsS C∂pw tπt‰mbpw Acn-tÃm-´nepw ""kvIqƒ Hm^v GY≥kn¬''; d^mtbens‚ cN\ AhnSp∂p \sΩ kv]¿(1509˛1511; hØn-°m≥ ayqkn-bw) in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p;

58

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

\ΩpsS lrZ-bß - sf cq-]m-¥c - s - ∏-SpØn, Ahn-Sp∂p ssZh]p-{X-\mWv F∂v Xncn-®dn-bm\pw {]tLm-jn-°m-\pw Ahn-Sp-∂v \sΩ \nc-¥cw i-‡-cm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øn¬, \ap-°v Ahn-SpsØ kv-]¿in-°m-\pw AhnSpsØ Ir-]m-hcw kzoI-cn-°m-\pw Ign-bpw. tb-ip-hn-s\sXm´v c‡-{kmh-Øn¬\n∂p tamN-\w t\Snb kv{- Xo-bpsS kphn- t i- j - k w- ` - h sØ∏- ‰ n- b p≈ hymJym- \ - Ø n(cf. eq°m 8:45˛46) hnip≤ B-K-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp∂p: ""hn-iz-kn-°pI F∂p ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS lrZ-b-߃sIm≠v Ahn-SpsØ sXmSpI F∂mWv A¿∞w.'' 26 tbiphn-\p-Np-‰pw P\-°q´w Xn°n-Xn-c-°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂mhy‡n]c-amb kv]¿i-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah¿°p tbip-hn-s‚bSp-Øv FØm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√. hnizmk-tØmSp IqSnb kv]¿i\-Ønt\, tbip ]nXm-hns\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]p{X-\mWv F∂ Znhy-c-lkyw {Kln-°m-\m-Iq. \mw {InkvXp-hn\v A\p-cq-]-cm-Ip-tºmtg Ahn-SpsØ ImWphm≥ Bhiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ \ap°p e`n-°p-∂p≈q.

hnizm-khpw bp‡n-bpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw 32. ss{IkvXh hnizmkw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb kvt\lw DZvtLm-jn-°p-Ibpw B kvt\l-Øns‚ i-‡nbntebv°v \ΩpsS lrZ-b-߃ Xpd-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂nStØmfw AXv \ΩpsS am\pjnIm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ D≈ns‚ D≈n-te°p Xpf-®p-I-b-dp-∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw {]Imi-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xp kvt\l-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv, \mw kvt\lØn-tebv°p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Is´ {]Im-i-Øn¬ \ne\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bpw. tbip-hn¬ shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw-sIm≠v, AtX kvt\l-tØmsS a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°p∂-Xn\pw ka-kvX-bm-Ym¿∞y-ßsfbpw {]Im-i-am\-am-°p∂Xn\pw {ian®psIm-≠n-cp∂, BZna ss{IkvXh - ¿, kXyØn-\mbn Zmln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

59

bh-\k - w-kvIm-cØ - ns‚ temIØv kwhm-ZØ - n\p XnI®pw A\p-tbm-Py-\mb Hcp ]¶m-fnsb Is≠-Øn. kphn-ti-jktμ-iØns‚ {]mNo-\-tem-IsØ Zm¿i\nI kwkvImchpambp≈ I≠p-ap-´¬ k¿h-P-\-ß-sfbpw kphn-ti-jh-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp Nph-Sp-hbv]m-bn.

CXv hnizm-khpw bp‡n-bpw XΩn-ep≈ ^e-{]Zamb Hcp ]c-kv]c CS-s]-S-en\p {]tNm-Z-\-am-hpIbpw \q‰m-≠p-Ifn-eqsS C∂pw XpScpIbpw sNøp∂p. "hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw' ('Fides et Ratio') F∂ Xs‚ Nm{In-I-te-J-\Øn¬, hmgvØ-s∏´ tPm¨-t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ hnizm-kØn\pw bp‡n°pw Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw i‡n-]-I-cm≥ Ignbpw 27 F∂p hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. {InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb shfn®w Hcn-°¬ Is≠-Øn°-gn-™m¬, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm kvt\lØnepw B shfn-®-Øns‚ Hcp IncWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p F∂p \mw Xncn-®d - n-bpw; BXy-¥n-Ie - £ - yhpw \ap°p a\ n-em-Ipw. \ΩpsS am\p-jnI kvt\l-Øn¬ B {]Im-iØns‚ Hcp IncW-ap≠v F∂ hkvXpX, F√m kvt\-lhpw \ap-°p-th≠n ssZh-]p-{X≥ \S-Ønb ]q¿Æ-amb kzbw-Zm-\Ø - n¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Im≥ Dt±-in-®p-≈X - m-Wv F∂p Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw. Cu Nm{In-I-N-e-\Øn¬, hnizm-kØ - ns‚ {]Imiw \ΩpsS F√m am\p-jnI _‘ßfn-t∑epw shfn®w hoip-∂p. taen¬ {InkvXphns‚ kuay-amb kvt\l-tØmSp≈ sFIy-Øn¬ Pohn°p∂-Xn\pw Ign-bpw.

33. kXyhpw hy‡-Xbpw B{K-ln-°p∂ bp‡nt_m[w hnizm-k-Øns‚ N{I-hm-f-hp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Aßs\ ]pXnb Hc-dnhp t\Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ {]{In-bbv°p {it≤-ba - mb Hcp-Zm-lc - Ww hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \ap°p ImWm≥ Ignbpw. "ImgvN'bv°p {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p∂, {]Im-i-sØ-

60

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

°p-dn-®p≈ {Ko°v Z¿i\w BKkv-Xo-t\mkv kzoI-cn-®p. \h-tπ-t‰m-Wn-k-hp-am-bp≈ (Neoplatonism) I≠p-ap-´¬, BK-kvXo-t\m-kns\; ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xo-I-sa-∂hn[w, F√m hkvXp-°f - nepw shfn®w hoip-∂X - n-\p-th≠n apI-fn¬\n∂p Xmtg-bv°p-h-cp-∂, Hcp ]pXnb \nZ¿i-\Øn-tebv°p \bn-®p. Aß-s\ BK-kvXo-t\mkv ssZhØns‚ {]Ir-Xy-XoX kz`m-hw {Kln-®p. F√m hkvXp-°fnepw Hc-f-hn¬ kpXmcyX Ds≠∂pw Ah ssZh-Øns‚ \∑sb {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw At±lw Is≠-Øn.

Cu Xncn-®-dnhv, At±-lw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂n-cp∂ \∑bpw -Xn-∑bpw \nc-¥cw kwL-´-\-Øn-emsW∂pw Ah CS-Ie¿∂p-In-S-°p∂p-sh∂pw H∂n\pw hy‡X C√ F∂pap≈ Nn¥-bn-tebv°v At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp∂, am\n-t°bn-k-Øn¬-\n∂pw BK-kvXo-t\mkns\ tamNn-∏n-®p. ssZhw {]Im-i-amWv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ Pohn-X-Øn\p ]pXnb Hcp Znim-t_m[w \evIn; Aßs\ Xm≥ ]m]n-bmWv F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw \∑-bnte°p Xncn-bm\pw At±-lØn\p Ign-™p.

F∂m¬ BK-kvXo-t\mkns‚ hnizm-k-Øns‚ bm{Xbn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb \nanjw temI-Øn\∏pdØp≈, temI-Øn\Xo-X\ - mb, ssZhsØ Is≠-Øn-bX - m-bn-cp-∂n√, tIƒhn-bptSXmb Hc-\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂v At±-lw "G‰p-]-d-®n¬' F∂ Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]qt¥m-´-Øn¬ \n∂mtcm Xt∂mSv "FSpØp hmbn°pI' F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - p-t]mse Hcp kzcw At±lw tI´p. DSs\ hnip≤ ]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-f-S-ßnb ]pkvX-I-saSpØv, tdmam-°m¿°p≈ 28 teJ-\-Ønse ]Xn-aq∂mw A[ym-bw hmbn-®p-Xp-Sß - n-. Cß-s\ ss__n-fnse hy‡nbmb ssZhw BK-kvXo-t\mkn\p {]Xy-£s - ∏-´p: \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ssZhw, Ncn-{X-Øn-eq-sS-

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

61

bp≈ \ΩpsS bm{X-bn¬ \tΩm-sSm∏w \S-°m≥ Ignbp∂ \ΩpsS CS-bn-te°p Cd-ßn-h∂v \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ hkn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ssZhw, tIƒ°p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂, Hcp ssZhw. F∂m¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZhhpam-bp≈ Cu I≠pap-´¬ {]Im-i-sØbpw ImgvNsbbpw \ncm-Icn-°m≥ BKkvXo-t\m-kn\v CS-bm°nbn-√. tbip-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øs∏´ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øm¬ \nc-¥cw \bn-°-s∏´v tIƒhnbp-sSbpw ImgvN-bp-sSbpw c≠p ho£-W-ßsf At±lw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p. Aß-s\ BK-kvXo-t\mkv B ]Z-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb A\-\y-X-sb-bpw, {]Im-i-Øn-tebv°p t\m°p-tºmƒ e`y-am-Ip∂ kzmX-{¥y-sØbpw ka-\z-bn∏n-®p-sIm≠v {]Im-i-Øns‚ Hcp XØz-imkv{Xw hnI-kn∏n-s®-Sp-Øp. hN\w kzX-{¥-amb Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw {]Xo£n-°p∂-Xp-t]mse, {]Im-ih - pw AXn¬ {]Xn-^e - n-°p∂ {]Xn-—m-b-bn¬ Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂p. Aßs\ BK-kvXo-t\mkn\v tIƒhn-sbbpw ImgvN-sbbpw Iq´n-bnW-°m\pw ""D≈n¬ {]Im-in-°p∂ hN\sØ°p-dn®v'' ]dbphm\pw Ign-™p.29 {]Im-iw, Hcp hm°ns‚ {]Im-i-ambn-Øo-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bmw, Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv hy‡n-]c-amb Hcp apJ-{]-Im-i-amWv; \sΩ {]Im-i-am-\-am-°ptºmƒX-s∂, \ΩpsS apJØpw AXp-t]mse D≈n¬-\n∂pw AXv {]Im-in-°p-∂p≠v F∂p Is≠-Øp-hm≥ \sΩ Blzm\w sNøp∂ {]Im-iw. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ inYn-e-amb Awi-ß-f-√msX ]q¿Æ-ambn ImWp-hm-\p≈ \ΩpsS B{Klw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂p; BK-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp-∂Xp-t]m-se, HSp-hn¬, \mw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw kvt\ln-°pIbpw30 sNøp-tºm-gmWv AXv km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I. koam-Xo-X-amw-hÆw A£-b-amb {]Im-isØ apgp-h≥

62

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

\ap°p kz¥-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂√ Dt±-in-°p∂-Xv; F∂m¬ \mw ]q¿Æ-ambpw B {]Imi-Øn-te°p {]thin-°pw.

34. hnizm- k - Ø n\\p- t bm- P y- a mb kv t \l- Ø ns‚ {]Imi-Øn\v \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse kXyw kw_‘n® {]iv\ß - f - p-sS-ta¬ shfn®w hoim≥ Ign-bpw. C°meØv ]e-t∏mgpw kXyw B hy‡n-bpsS Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n-®p-am{Xw km[p-X-bp≈ hy‡n-K-X-amb Hcm[nIm-cn-IX - b - mbn Xcw-Xm-gvØs∏Sp-∂p-≠v. Hcp s]mXp-kXyw F∂ Bibw \sΩ `b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. Fs¥∂m¬, hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ LS-\I-fmbn \mw AXns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. F∂m¬ kXyw kvt\l-Øns‚ kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, A]c\pam-bp≈, a‰p≈-hcpam-bp≈, hy‡n-]-c-amb I≠p-ap-´-en¬ shfn-s∏Sp∂ kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, hy‡n-I-fn¬ AS-®n-S-s∏´ Ahÿ-bn¬-\n∂v tamNn∏n-°-s∏´v s]mXp-\-∑-bpsS `mKambnØocm≥ AXn\p Ignbpw. kvt\l-Øns‚ kXyw F∂ \nebv°v AXv ASn-t®ev-]n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√; hy‡nsb izmkw ap´n-°p∂ Hcp kXy-a√ AXv. kvt\l-Øn¬\n-∂p-¤-hn-°p-∂Xm-I-bm¬ AXn\p lrZ-b-Øn-te°v Hmtcm a\p-jys‚bpw hy‡n-sb∂ \ne-bv°p≈ kØbn-tebv°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dm≥ Ignbpw; Aßs\ hnizmkw hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ H∂-√; F∂p hy‡w. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv BZ-chp ]pe¿Øn-s°m-≠p≈ kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-emWv AXp hf-cp-∂-Xv. hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcmƒ Al-¶m-cn-bmbncn-°pI-bn-√; t\tc-a-dn®v, kXyw Ffn-a-bn-te-°m-Wv \bn°pI. ImcWw, \mw kXysØ kz¥-am-°n-bn-cn-°pI-b√, kXyw \sΩ Bt«-jn-°pI-bpw, \sΩ kz¥-am-°pIbpamWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v hnizmkn {Kln-°p-∂p. hnizmkw \ΩpsS hn´p-ho-gvNm-a-t\m-`mhw C√m-Xm°n

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

63

\sΩ ISpw-]n-Sp-Ø-°m-cm-°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv. F√m-h¿°pw km£yw \evIp-∂-Xn\pw F√m-h-cp-ambpw kw-hm-ZØn¬ G¿s∏- S p∂- X n\pw \sΩ i‡- c m°ns°m≠v hnizmkw \¬Ip∂ kpc-£nX-Xzw \sΩ Hcp bm{Xbv°v Ab-°p-I-bm-Wv. kvt\-l-Øns‚ kXy-tØmSp tbmPn-®n-cn-°p∂ hnizmk-Øns‚ shfn®w `uXn-I-tem-IØn\-Xo-X-am-bn-´p≈ H∂√; ImcWw, kvt\lw Ft∏mgpw ico-chpw Bflmhpw D≈-h-cp-sS Pohn-X-Øn-emWv {]I-S-am-Ip-I; hnizm-kØns‚ shfn®w, a\p-jy-\mbn ]nd∂, Hcp shfn-®-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v AXp {]Im-i-c-ivan-Iƒ sNmcn-bp-∂p. AXn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bncn-°p∂ hyh-ÿ-bn¬ AYhm Nn´-bn¬; IqSp-X¬ hnime-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p∂Xpw [mcW- ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp ]mX-bn-te°v AXp \sΩ \nc-¥cw hnfn-°p-∂psh∂pw hniz-kn-°p∂ `uXnI-tem-I-sØbpw AXp {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-∂p. imkv{X-Øns‚ ho£-Ww Aßs\ hnizm- k - Ø n¬ \n∂pw {]tbm- P \w kzoI- c n- ° p- ∂ p. bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ A\-¥a - mb kº-∂X - t- bmSv Ft∏mgpw Xpd∂ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°m≥, hnizmkw imkv{X-⁄sc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. kz¥w kq{X-hm-Iy-߃sIm≠p Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp∂-Xn¬\n∂v XS™p-sIm-≠pw, {]Ir-Xn-bmWv Ft∏m-gpw IqSp-X¬ al-Øcw F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ klmbn- ® p- s Im- ≠ pw, hnizmkw \ncq- ] W- _ p- ≤ nsb DW¿Øp-∂p. krjvSn-bpsS Kl-\-amb cl-kym-fl-IXbv°p ap≥]n¬ hnkvabw Iqdp-hm≥ DtØ-P\w \¬Ins°m-≠v, imkv{Xo-bm-t\z-j-W-߃°p ap≥]n¬ kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ temI-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ shfn®w hnX-dp∂Xn-\p-th-≠n; hnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS N{I-hm-fß - sf hnIkz-c-am-°p-∂p.

64

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

hnizm-khpw ssZhmt\z-j-Whpw 35. tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØns‚ shfn®w ssZhsØ At\z-jn-°p∂ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]mX-bn¬ {]Imiw sNmcn-bpIbpw hyXy-kvX-a-X-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpambn kwhm-Z-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-hm\p≈ ss{IkvX-thmNnXamb kw`m-h\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{_ml-hpambn DS-ºSn D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv hnizm-k-Øn¬ ssZhsØ tXSn-b-h-cpsS km£y-sØ-∏‰n sl{_mb¿-°p≈ teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. slt\m-°n\v ""Xm≥ ssZhsØ {]km-Zn-∏n®p F∂-Xn\p km£yw e`n®p'' (sl{_m.

11:5). hnizm-k-an-√msX CXv Akm-[y-am-Wv. ImcWw ""ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ icWw {]m]n-°p-∂-h¿ ssZh-aps≠∂pw Xs∂ At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v AhnSp-∂p {]Xn^ew \¬Ip-sa∂pw hniz-kn-°Ww'' (sl{_m. 11:6).

CXn¬\n∂pw Cuiz-c-hn-izm-kn-bmb Hcmƒ ]n≥-XpS-cp∂ ]mX, \sΩ Icp-Xp∂, \ap°p Is≠-ØpI Akm-[y-a√mØ Hcp ssZhsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xneq-sS IS-∂pt]m-Ip-∂p. Xs∂ Is≠-Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pI F∂-XnIhn™v F¥p {]Xn-^-e-amWv, Xs∂ At\z-jn-°p-∂h¿°v sImSp-°m≥ ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bpI? ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® hN-\-`m-K-߃°p ap≥t], B-t_-ens\ \mw I≠p-ap-´p∂p-≠v, Bt_-ens‚ hnizmkw {]iw-kn-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah≥ A¿∏n® Xs‚ B´n≥]-‰-Ønse BZy-Pm-X-cmb Ip™m-Sp-I-fpsS _en (cf. sl{_m. 11:4) ssZh-Øn\p {]nb¶-c-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohn-X-Øn-se A\p-Zn\ A\p`-hß - f - nepw EXp-°f - psS Nm{In-Ia - mb hc-hnepw `qanbpsS ^e-Zm-b-I-Xz-Ønepw {]]-©-Øns‚ Ne-\-Ønepw ssZhw \evI - p∂ AS-bm-fß - ƒ ImWm≥ Cuiz-ch - n-izmkn ITn-\-ambn bXv\n-°p-∂p. ssZhw {]Im-i-am-Wv Bflm¿∞-amb lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahn-SpsØ At\z-jn-°p-∂h¿°v Ahn-SpsØ Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw.

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

65

Hcp \£-{XØm¬ \bn-°-s∏´v s_Xv-se-tl-anseØnb ⁄m-\n-Ifn¬ Cu At\z-j-W-Øns‚ Hcp {]XnOm-b- ImWp-hm≥ Ignbpw (cf. aØm. 2:1˛12). Ah¿°v ssZh-Øns‚ {]Imiw {]Xy-£s - ∏-´Xv Gs‰-Spt°≠ Hcp bm{X-bm-bn-´m-Wv; Is≠-Ø-ens‚ ]mX-bn-eqsS Ahsc \bn® Hcp \£-{X-ambn´v. ssZh-Øns‚ {]Im-i-]q¿Æna, tXPkv I≠p ]cn-N-bn®p hf-tc≠ \ΩpsS IÆp-I-tfmSv ssZhw ImWn-°p∂ £a-bpsS Hc-S-bm-f-amWv \£-{Xw. ssZhhn-izmkn Hcp hgn-t]m°-\m-Wv; X∂n¬\n∂p ]pdØp- h cp∂- X n\pw, \nXy- h n- k v a - b - ß - f psS ssZhsØ I≠pap-´p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn kzbw \bn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Abmƒ Xøm- d m- I Ww. am\p- j n- I - a mb \ΩpsS IÆp- I - t fmSp ssZhw ImWn-°p∂ Cu BZchv hy‡-am-°p∂Xv \mw ssZh-Øntebv°-Sp°p-tºmƒ, Hcp \£{Xw {]`m-X-Ønse-∂-Xp-t]mse, AhnSpsØ {]Im- i - t [mcWn-bn¬ am\p-jn-I-amb \ΩpsS {]Im- i - ß ƒ Aen™v C√m-Xm-In√ F∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS {]Imi- ß ƒ BZnapX¬°p≠mbn-cp∂ A·n-tbmSSp-°pw-tXm-dpw {]Im-isØ {]Xn-^-en∏n-°p∂ Hcp IÆmSn t]m-se IqSp-X¬ Xnf°-tØm-sS Pzen-°p-IbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. tem""Znhy-Iq-Zm-i-sb-°p-dn®v hmKvhmZw''; d^m-tb-ens‚ cN\ (1509˛1511; hØn-°m≥ ayqkn-bw)

66

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

I-Øns‚ G-I-c-£-I-\mb tbip-hn-ep-≈ ss{IkvX-h-hnizm-kw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv ssZ-hØ - ns‚ {]-Imiw apgp-h\pw tbip-hn¬, Ncn-{-XØns‚ XpS-°hpw A¥yhpw shfn-s∏Sp-Øp-∂ 31 ""Ahn-SpsØ {]Im-i-am-\-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬'' tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂m-Wv. Ahn-SpsØ shfn-®Øm¬ DXvI¿-ja - p-≠m-Ip-hm-t\m, {]Im-ia - m-\a - m-Ip-hmt\m, hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hmt\m Ign-bm-Ø-Xmbn; Hcp am\pjn- I m- \ p- ` - h - t am, ssZh- Ø n- t e- b v ° p≈ a\p- j ys‚ bm{Xtbm C√. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Im-i-h-e-b-Øn¬ ss{IkvXh - ¿ F{X-am{Xw kzbw Ba-·c - m-Ip-∂p-thm, A{Xb[nI-am-bn, Hmtcm a\p-jy-s‚bpw ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ ]mX a\- n-em-°m\pw B ]mX-bn¬ H∂n®p \S-°m\pw Ah¿ i‡-cm-Ipw. hnizmkw Hcp ]mX-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v, hnizm-kn-I-f-s√¶nepw hniz-kn-°m\pw At\z-jWw XpS-cm\pw B{K-ln°p∂ F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-hp-ambn AXn\v kº¿°-Øn¬ htc-≠X - p-≠v. Ah¿ kvt\l-Øn\v Bflm¿∞-X-tbmsS lrZbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw, Xß-ƒ°p e`y-amb shfn-®-hp-ambn At\z-j-W-Øn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂nStØmfw Ah¿ Xß-f-dn-bm-sX-Xs∂ hnizm-kØ - n-te°p \bn-°p∂ ]mX-bn-em-Wv. ssZhw D≠v F∂ coXn-bn¬ Ah¿ ITn-\-{]-bXv\w sNøp∂p; CXm-Is´, H∂n-®p≈ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn\v kp\n-›n-X-amb Hcp Znim-kqNn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ahn-Sp∂v D≠m-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xv F{X-am{Xw {][m-\s - ∏-´X - m-sW∂ Xncn-®d - n-hp-sIm≠mImw; Ccp-´n¬ Hcp shfn®w Ah¿ Imw£n-°p-∂-XpsIm-≠p-amImw; F∂m¬, Pohn-X-Øns‚ amlm-flyhpw kuμ-cyhpw Is≠-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n[yw AXv al-Ø-chpw IqSp-X¬ kpμ-c-hp-am-°n-Øo¿°pw F∂ kl-P-amb Ah-t_m[w-sIm-≠pw BImw. A{_mlw ssZh-Øns‚ kzcw {ihn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

67

""lrZ-b-Øns‚ Xo{h-amb B{K-l-Øn¬'' ssZhsØ At\z-jn-®n-cp-∂sXß-s\sb∂pw ""ssZ-hsØ FhnsS Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v kzbw tNm-Zn-®p-sIm≠v temIw apgp-h≥ Ae-™p''F∂pw; Ah-km\w ""ssZh-Øn\v A{_m-lt- ØmSp kl-Xm]w tXm-∂n ImcWw, Abmƒ H‰bv°v \ni-_vZ-X-bn¬ Xs∂ At\z-jn-®p'' 32 F∂pw eb¨knse hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bkv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. a‰p-≈h¿-°p \∑ sNøm-\p≈ ]mX-bn¬ CdßnØn-cn® GsXmcmfpw, At∏mƒØs∂, ssZh-Øns‚ ASp-tØ°p \oßpI-bm-Wv; ssZh-Øns‚ klm-b-Øm¬ Abmƒ \ne\n¿Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv; ImcWw, kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xbn-te°p \S-°p-tºm-sg√mw \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ°p sh-fn®w ]I-cpI F∂Xv ssZhn-I-{]-Im-i-Øns‚ kz`mh-hntij-am-Wv.

hnizm-khpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw 36. hnizmkw Hcp Zo]-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v AXp \sΩ AXnte°v BI¿jn°pIbpw AXp- {]-Im-iam\am-°p∂ N{Ihm-fsØ IqSp-X¬ hnim-ea - mbn ]cy-th-jWw \S-Øm\pw, \ΩpsS kvt\lhnj-bsØ IqSp-X¬ \∂mbn Adn-bm\pw \sΩ £Wn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Cu B{K-l-Øn\n∂mWv ss{IkvXh ssZh-imkv{Xw D¤-hn-°p-∂-Xv. hnizmkw IqSmsX ssZh-imkv{Xw D≠m-In√ F∂p hy‡w. {InkvXp-hn¬ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens\ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂ hnizm-k-{]-{In-b-bpsS-Xs∂ Hcp `mK-amWv ssZh-im-kv{Xw. C{]-Im-cw, ]co£-W-ßsf B{i-bn°p∂ km[m-cW `uXnI imkv{X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse A]{K-Yn-°m\pw a\- n-em-°m-\p-ap≈ a\p-jys‚ bp‡nbpsS Hcp-Zyaw am{X-a√ ssZh-imkv-{Xw. ssZhsØ Hcp ]T-\hn-j-b-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏SpØm-\m-In-√. kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-

68

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Øp-Ibpw ]c-kv]c hy‡n-_-‘-Øn-eqsS \ap°v {Kln°m≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bmWv AhnSp-∂v. icn-bmb hnizm-kw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p hcp∂ shfn®-Øn-\mbn kzbw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ bp‡n-bv°p am¿KZ¿i\w \evIp-∂p. kXy-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øm¬ \bn°-s∏´v, bp‡n-t_m[w ssZh-sØ°pdn-®p≈ Bg-amb Adn-hn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. hnizmksØ kw_-‘n® Hcp imkv{X-sa∂ \ne-bn¬, ssZhimkv{Xw ssZh-Øn\p Xs∂-∏-‰n-bp≈ ⁄m\-Øn]¶ptNc-emWv F∂v a[ybp-K-Ønse D∂-X-cmb ssZhimkv{X-⁄-∑mcpw {]t_m-[-Icpw icn-bm-bn-Ø-s∂ A`n{]m-b-s∏-´p. ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ \ΩpsS {]`m-j-Wtam, hnh-c-Wtam am{X-a√ ssZh-im-kv{Xw. ssZhw \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p∂, Xs∂-∏-‰n-Øs∂ Ahn-Sp∂v \tΩmSp ]dbp∂, hm°p-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS A¿∞w IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ {Kln-°p-hm≥ bXv\n-°p-I-bp-amWv {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn ssZh-imkv{Xw sNøp-∂-Xv. ImcWw, Ahn-Sp∂p Iq´mbv-a-bpsS Hcp \nXy-kw-hm-Z-am-

""hnizm-k-Øns‚ cq]-I-IY'' (18˛mw \q‰m-≠nse cN-\); {^m≥sNkvtIm skm≈n-ta-\m-bp-tSXv

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬ \n\°p kpÿnXn e`n-°p-I-bn-√

69

Wv, Cu kwhm-Z-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°p-hm≥ \sΩ A\ph-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.33 AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ ""kv]¿i-ta¬°phm-\p≈'' hn\-bw ssZh-imkv{Xw Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. B Znhy-c-l-ky-Øn\p ap≥]n¬, bp‡n°-\p-tbm-Py-amb in£-W-tØm-sS, AXns‚ A\-¥-amb kº-∂-X-Iƒ At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ DZy-an-°p-tºmƒ, At\zj-Is‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp hn\-b-amWv Bh-iyw. hnizm- k - Ø ns‚ k`m- ] - c - a mb cq]- Ø nepw ssZhimkv{Xw ]¶ptN-cp∂p; ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ shfn®w hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS, AXm-bXv Xncp-k`- b - psS shfn®amWv. Hcp-h-i-Øv, ss{IkvX-h-cpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ ip{iqjbnem-bn-cn-°Ww F∂pw; Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw {]tXy-In®v km[m-cW - ° - m-cmb hnizm-kn-If - psS hnizmkw kwc-£n-°p-∂Xn\pw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap≈-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\pw, ssZh-imkv{Xw Ffn-a-tbmsS A[zm-\n-°Ww F∂pw CXv A¿∞-am-°p-∂p. adp-h-iØv, ssZh-im-kv{Xw cq]w-sIm≈p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂m-I-bm¬ am¿]m-∏-bp-sSbpw am¿]m-∏-bp-ambn Iq´m-bva-bnep≈ sa{Xm-∑m-cp-sSbpw {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn\p ]pdØp≈ H∂mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ ]mSn√. AXns‚ kzmX-{¥ysØ ]cn-an-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- H∂m-Wn-Xv, F∂m¬ CXp ssZh-imkv{X-Øns‚ B¥-cn-Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-hp-amb am\-ßfn¬ H∂m-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, \ap°v BZn-bn-te-bp≈ t{kmX- p-am-bp≈ kº¿°w {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw Dd-∏ph- c p- Ø p- I bpw Aßs\ {Inkv X p- h ns‚ hN- \ sØ AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ e`y-am-°m-sa∂ Dd∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

70

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

A[ymbw aq∂v

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p (cf. 1 tImdn. 15:3)

k`, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXmhv 37. ssZhkvt\l-Øn-te°v Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-߃ Xpd°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ kzcw {ihn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ {]Imiw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-h¿°v Cu Zm\w X߃°p am{X-ambn kq£n-®p-hbv-°m≥- Ignbp-I-bn-√. hnizmkw {ih-Whpw ImgvNb - p-w BbXpsIm≠v AXv hN\-ambpw shfn-®-ambpw ssIamd-s∏-Sp-∂p. tImdn-t¥m-kpImsc A`n- k w- t _m- [ \ sNbv - X p- s Im≠v , hnip≤ ]utemkv Cu c≠p {]Xn-cq]߃-Xs∂ D]tbmKn°pI-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp-h-iØv At±lw Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""Rm≥ hniz-kn®p; AXn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn®p F∂v Fgp-Xn-b-hs‚ hnizm-k-ssN-X\yw Xs∂ R߃°p-≈Xp-sIm≠v Rßfpw hniz-kn-°pI-bpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p'' (2 tImdn. 4:13). Hcn°¬ kzoI-cn-°s - ∏´ hN\w Hcp {]Xyp-Øc - a - mbpw A\y-cnte-°p hym]n-°p-Ibpw hnizkn-°m≥ Ahsc £Wn-°pI-bpw sNøp-∂ Hcp hnizmk-

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

71

{]-Jym-]\ - a - mbpw amdp-∂p. ]utemkv {]Im-iØ - ns‚ {]Xncq]hpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v: ""I¿Øm-hns‚ al-Øzw, IÆmSn-bn-se-∂t- ]mse, aqSp-]S- a - W - n-bmØ apJØp {]Xn^-en-∏n-°p∂ \msa√m-hcpw Ahn-SpsØ kmZr-iy-Øn-te°v, al-Øz-Øn¬-\n∂p al-Øz-Øn-te-°v, cq]m¥-c-s∏´psIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv'' (2 tImdn. 3:18). Hcp apJ-Øp\n∂p as‰m-∂nte-°v {]Xn-^e - n-°p∂ Hcp {]Im-ia - m-WX - v. ssZhtØmSp kwkm-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw tamibv-°p-Xs∂ AhnSpsØ al-Xz-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-^-e\w e`n-®-Xp-t]m-sebm-WnXv: ""ssZhw Xs∂-bm-Wv, {InkvXp-hns‚ apJØp shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-tX-P- n-s\°pdn®p≈ Adn-hns‚ {]Imiw R߃°p- X-tc-≠-Xn\p Rß-fpsS lrZ-bßsf {]Im-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv'' (2 tImdn. 4:6). IÆmSnbnse-∂-t]m-se, {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Im-iw ss{IkvX-h-cpsS apJØv {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. AXp hym]n®v \Ωn-te°v Cdßn-h-cp-∂p. Cuÿ Bcm-[\m-{I-a-Øn¬, s]k-lm-Øncn-bpsS {]Imiw FÆ-a‰ a‰-t\Iw sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-I-fn-te°v {]Imiw ]I¿∂p-\¬-Ip∂-Xp-t]mseXs∂, {InkvXphns‚ {]Im-i-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\pw B {]Imiw a‰p-≈h-cn-te°v {]Xn-^en-∏n-°m\pw \ap°pw Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\pth-≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp sagp-Ip-Xncn as‰mcp sagp-Ip-Xn-cnbn¬\n∂v IØn-s®Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, Hcp hy‡nbn¬\n∂v as‰mcp hy‡n-bn-te°v kº¿°w-hgn hnizmkw IS-∂p-sN√p-∂p F∂v \ap°p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ss{IkvX-h¿, Ah-cpsS Zmcn-{Zy-Øn¬, Hcp hnØp \Sp∂p; temIsØ AXns‚ ^ew-sIm≠p \nd-bv°m≥ Ignbp∂ Hcp henb hr£am-bn-Øo-c-Ø-°-hÆw kº-∂amWv B hnØv.

38. F√m-bn-S-Øp-ap≈ a\pjy-cn-te°v Hcp {]Imiw sIm≠p-hcp-I am{X-a√ hnizm-k-{]-k-cWw sNøp-∂-Xv.

72

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Hcp Xe-ap-db - n¬\n∂v as‰m-∂n-te°v IS∂p-sN-∂p-sIm≠v AXv Ime-Øn-eqsS {]bmWw sNøp-∂p. hnizmkw, Ncn{XØn¬ \S-°p∂ Hcp I≠p-ap-´eneqsS P\n-°p-Ibpw, ImeØn-eqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS bm{Xsb Zo-]vXa - m-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂Xn\m¬ F√m Ime-L-´-ß-fnepw AXp ssIam-d-s∏SWw. km£n-I-fpsS apdn-bmØ Hcp irwJ-e-bn-eq-sSbmWv tbip-hns‚ Xncp-apJw \ap°p Z¿in-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip∂-Xv. ]s£ Fß-s\-bm-Wv CXp km[y-am-IpI? Cu \q‰m≠p-Iƒs°√mw-tijhpw, ""bYm¿∞ tbip''hns\-bmWv \mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®-sX∂v \ap-s°-ßs\ Dd∏m-°m≥ Ignbpw? \mw shdpw H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, XnI®pw Ak-∂nKv≤amb Adn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\sØ AXn¬-Øs∂ tXSp∂ \ΩpsS tIhew hy‡n-]-c-amb Al¥-bn¬ \n∂mWv \mw XpSßnbncp-∂-sX-¶n¬, CØc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp kp\n-›n-XXzw Akm-[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p. F{Xtbm -Imew apºp-\-S∂ Hcp ImcyØns‚ \nPÿnXn F\n-°p-Xs∂ t\cn-´pd∏p hcp-ØpI Akm-[yam-Wv. F∂m¬ \mw Adnhp t\Sp∂ Htc Hcp hgn CX-√.

Bfp-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw ]c-kv]-c-_‘-Øn-emWv Pohn-°p-∂Xv. \mw a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂p hcp∂p; \mw a‰p≈-h¿°p kz¥-am-Wv; A\y-cp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap´-eneqsS \ΩpsS Pohn-Xß - ƒ hnim-ea - m-Ip∂p. \ΩpsS Adnhpw Bfl-t_m[hpwt]mepw _‘-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv; \ap°p ap≥t] IS-∂p-t]mb a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv Ah _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p: \ap°v \ΩpsS Poh\pw \ΩpsS t]cpw \¬Inb \ΩpsS amXm-]nXm-°-∑m-cmWv Ah-cn¬ {]Y-a-ÿm-\-Øp≈-Xv. `mj-X-s∂, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-ƒ°pw \ap°p Np‰pap≈ temI-Øn\pw A¿∞w \¬Ip∂ hm°p-IƒXs∂, a‰p- ≈ - h - c n¬- \ n∂m- W v \Ωn- t e°p IS- ∂ p- h cp- ∂ - X v .

A\ycpsS kPohkvac-Wb - n¬ kq£n-bv°s - ∏´-hb - m-Wh.

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

73

IqSp-X¬ hn]p-e-amb Hcp Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \mw ]¶p-tN-cptºmƒ am{X-amWv Bfl-⁄m\w km[y-am-bn-Øo-cp-I. am\p-jnI-[m-c-Wsb AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØn-°p∂ hnizmk-sØ kw_-‘n®pw CXp- hmkvXh - a - m-Wv. hnizmkØns‚ `qX- I m- e w, temI- Ø n- t e°v ]pXnb Poh≥ sIm≠p-h∂ tbip-hns‚ B kvt\l-{]-hr-Øn, \Ωnte°v Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS — km£n-I-fpsS — kvac-W-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B Hm¿Ω ]pe¿Øp∂ k` F∂ GI-hn-j-b-Øn-emWv AXv kPo-h-ambn \ne-sIm≈p-∂Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mj kwkm-cn-°m≥ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n°p∂ Hc-Ω-bmWv k`. hnizm-k-sØbpw kvac-W-sbbpw KmV-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah c≠n-s\bpw tbip ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, ""Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-™n-´p-≈sX√mw \nßsf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂'' (tbml. 14:26) ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v, hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ C°mcyw Xs‚ kphnti-j-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. k`-bn¬ hkn°p∂ kvt\l-am-Ip∂ ]cn-ip≤m-flmhv F√m Ime-L-´ßsf-bpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \sΩ tbip-hns‚ kaImen-I-cm°n-Øo¿-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ \ΩpsS hnizm-kØns‚ Xo¿∞-bm-{X-bn¬ \sΩ \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

39. \ΩpsS kz¥w-\n-eb - n¬, hnizmkw D≠m-bncn-°pI F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. hnizmkw hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-bØns‚ Bg-ßfn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ tIhew hy‡n-]c - a - mb Hcp Xocp-am-\tam hnizm-kn-bpsS ""Rm\pw'' ssZhn-I ""Aßpw'' XΩn-ep≈, kzbw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep-≈, Xo¿Øpw kzIm-cy-amb Hcp _‘tam A√. hnizmkw AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ k`bpsS ""\Ωfn''te°v Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p; AXv Ft∏m-gpw kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv k`bp-sS Iq´m-bva-bn-em-Wv. ⁄m\-kv\m-

74

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

\-Xncp°¿Ω-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnizm-k-{]-am-WØns‚ kw`m-j-W-cq]w CXv \sΩ A-\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Hcp £W-Øn-\p-≈, tIƒ°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw Fs‚ kz¥-a√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp hm°n-t\m-Sp-≈, {]Xyp-Ø-c-Ønem-Wv hnizmkw ChnsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. AXv Hcp kw`m-j-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. AXv Hcp hy‡n-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ tIh-e-amb Hcp {]Jym-]\-a√ - . ""Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂p'' F∂v GI-hN\-Øn¬ \mw {]Xyp-Øcw \¬Ip-∂Xv \mw henb Hcp Iq´m-bva-bpsS `mK-ambXpsIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv; ""R߃ hniz-kn-°p∂p'' F∂p-IqSn \mw G‰p-]-dbp-∂-Xp-sIm≠m-Wv. k`m-]-c-amb ""Rß-tfm-Sp≈'' Cu Xpdhn, ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w kvt\l-Øns‚ Xpd-hnsb {]Xn-^-en∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-kvt\lw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw XΩn-ep-≈, Hcp ""Aßpw'' Hcp ""Rm\pw'' XΩn-ep-≈, _‘w am{X-a√; AXv Znhym-flm-hn-ep≈ Hcp ""\Ωƒ'' IqSn-bm-Wv, hy‡n-If - psS Hcp Iq´m-bvab - mWv. hnizkn-°p∂h¿ Hcn°-epw X\n-sb-bm-Im-ØXv F¥psIm-≠m-sW∂pw AXns‚ kt¥mjØn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ a‰p-≈-hsc £Wn-°p-tºmƒ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv hnizmkw hym]n-°m-\p≈ {]h-WX {]I-S-am-°p-∂-sX∂pw ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂p. ]pXn-bXpw kº-∂-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb _‘߃ Pohn-X-Øn-te°p IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS N{Ihm-f-߃ hnImkw {]m]n°p-∂-Xmbn hnizmkw kzoI-cn°p-∂-h¿ Is≠-Øp-∂p. ""]pXpP-∑w \¬Ip∂ ip≤o-I-cW-Øn\ptijw'' Hcp ]pXnb IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `mKw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xß-fpsS amXr-`-h-\-Øn-te°v kzmKXw sNøs∏-Sp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS k-tlm-Z-coktlm-Zc∑mtcm-Sp-IqSn "kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth' sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmbn ⁄m\-kv\m-\m¿∞n-Isf {]Xn-]mZn-°p-tºmƒ, sX¿Øpey≥ C°mcyw IqSp-X¬ hy‡am-bn ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.34

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

75

IqZm-i-Ifpw hnizm-kØns‚ -{]-k-c-Whpw 40. F√m IpSpw-_-ß-sfbpwt]mse k`bpw AhfpsS Hm¿Ω-IfpsS Ie-hd apgp-h≥ Xs‚ a°ƒ°p ssIamdp∂p. ]t£, Fß-s\-bmWv H∂pw \jvS-s∏-SmØ coXnbn¬ CXp kw`-hn-°p-I, AYhm AXn-t\-°mƒ IqSpXembn hnizm-k-ss]-Xr-I-Øn-ep-≈-sX√mw IqSp-X¬ AKm[-ambn a\- n-em-°-s∏-SpI? ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS klmb-tØm-Sp-IqSn k`-bn¬ kwc£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A∏-kvtXmenI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv CXv kw`-hn-°p∂-Xpw \mw ASn- ÿ m- \ - ] - c - a mb Hm¿Ω- I - t fmSv kPo- h - k º¿°w ]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨-kn¬ {]kvXmhn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cn¬-\n∂v ssIam-dn°n-´n-bX - n¬ ""ssZh-P\ - Øn\v hnip≤n-bn¬ Pohn-°phm\pw hnizmkØn¬ hf-cphm\pw klm-b-I-am-b-sX√mw ASßn- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. C{]Imcw, k` Ah- f psS {]t_m[\ßfnepw Pohn-XØ - nepw Bcm-[\ - b - nepw, Ahƒ Bbncn-°p∂ F√mw, Ahƒ hnizkn-°p∂ k¿hXpw imiz-Xam-°pI-bpw F√m Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°pw {]k-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' 35 hmkvX-h-Øn¬, hnizm-k-Øn-\v, km£yw hln-°-s∏Sm\pw Adn-bn-°s - ∏-Sm\pw Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]›m-Øe - w, Adnbn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbmPy-hpw B\p-]mXn-I-hp-amb Hcp am[yaw, Bh-iy-am-Wv. XnI®pw ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb Hcp D≈-S°w ]I¿∂p \¬Im≥ Hcm-i-btam Hcp-]t£ Hcp {KŸtam hmbvsam-gn-bn-ep≈ Hcp ktμ-i-Øns‚ Bh¿Ø-\tam aXn-bm-tb-°pw. F∂m¬ k`-bn¬ Adnbn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, Ah-fpsS kPoh-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ ssIamd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, kXy-ssZ-h-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´-en¬\n∂m-hn¿`-hn-°p∂ ]pXnb {]Im-i-am-Wv, \ΩpsS kØbpsS tI{μ-Øn¬-Xs∂ \sΩ kv]¿in-°p-∂Xpw Iq´m-

76

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

bva-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ _‘-ß-fn-te°v \sΩ Xpd-∂psIm≠v \ΩpsS a\- ns\bpw C—-I-sfbpw hnIm-c-ßsfbpw I¿Ω-\nc-X-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]Im-iw. Cu ]q¿ÆX ]I¿∂p-\¬Im≥ Hcp {]tXyI am¿K-ap-≠v, icoc-tØm-Spw Bflm-thmSpw B¥-cn-I-Po-hn-X-tØmSpw a‰p≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ _‘-ß-tfm-Spw-IqSn hy‡nsb apgp-h-\mbn Dƒ-s°m≈p-hm≥ {]m]vXa - mb Hcp am¿Kw. k`bpsS Bcm[-\m-{I-aØ - n¬ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ IqZmiIfm-WXv. IqZm-i-Iƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ ÿeIme-ß-tfmSv _‘-s∏-´v, \ΩpsS F√m C{μn-b-ß-tfmSpw _‘-s∏´v, Ah-Xo¿Æ-amb Hcp kvacW kwth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. Hcp kPo-h- ico-cØnse AwK-sa∂ \nebn-epw kmaq-lnI _‘- ß - f psS irwJ- e - b nse IÆnsb∂ \ne- b nepw hy‡n apgp-h-\mbn Ah-bn¬ hym]r-X-\m-Ip-∂p. IqZm-iIsf√mw hnizm-k-Øns‚ IqZm-i-Ifm-bncn-s°-Øs∂,36 hnizm-k-Øn-\v Hcp IuZm-in-I- LS\ D-s≠∂p ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. a\p-jy-hy-‡n-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bnepw ss{IkvXh¿ F∂ \ne-bnepw \ΩpsS PohnX-ßfn¬ hnizm-kØns‚ DW¿hv Hcp ]pXnb IuZm-in-I-t_m-[-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-tØmSp _‘-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Zriyhpw `uXn-I-hp-amb bmYm¿∞y-߃ Ah-bv°p-Xs∂ AXoX-ambn \nXy-X-bpsS cl-ky-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p-∂Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p.

41. hnizm-k{- ]-kc - Ww {][m-\a - mbpw {]Y-aa - mbpw kw`hn-°p-∂Xv ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-em-Wv. ⁄m\-kv\m\w hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\sØ {]Xo-I-h-XvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp am¿Kw am{X-am-sW∂pw kmZr-iy-ßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°p≈ t_m[-\-]-c-amb Hcp D]-I-c-Wam-sW∂pw AtX-k-abw AXv BXy-¥nI-ambn A\mhiyamsW∂pw Nne¿ hnNm-cn-t®-°mw. F∂m¬ Imcyw

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

77

Aß-s\-b-s√∂v hnip≤ ]utemkn-s‚ Hcp \nco-£Ww \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]utemkv Cßs\ {]kvXmhn-°p∂p: ""Ahs‚ ac-WØ - n-ep≈ ⁄m\-kv\m-\Ø - m\mw Ah-t\m-sSmØp kwkvIcn-°-s∏-´p. {InkvXp acn-®Xn-\p-tijw ]nXm-hns‚ alXz-Øn¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰Xp-t]mse \mapw ]pXnb PohnXw \bn-t°-≠-Xn-\mWv Ah-t\m-sSmØp kwkvIc - n-°s - ∏-´Xv'' (tdmam. 6:4). ⁄m\kv\m-\-Øn¬ \mw Hcp ]pXnb krjvSnbpw ssZh-Øns‚ ZØp-]p-{X-∑m-cp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ lrZ-b]q¿hw A\p-kcn-°p∂ (cf. tdmam. 6:17) Hcp ""{]t_m-[-\\n-e-hmc''Øn\v (ty`pos didachés) ss{IkvX-h¿ Gev]n-°s∏´n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn At∏m-kvX-e≥ XpS¿∂p-]-d-bp-∂p. ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn¬ \mw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv {]Jym-]n-°s∏-tS≠ Hcp {]t_m-[-\hpw Hcp {]tXyI Pohn-X-co-Xnbp-am-Wv. Cu Pohn-X-coXn apgp-h≥ hy‡n-bpsSbpw {]Xn_-≤X Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \sΩ \∑-bn-te-°p≈ ]mXbn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xp-amWv. ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn°p-∂-h¿ Hcp ]pXnb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏Sp-Ibpw k`-bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb ]cn-ÿn-Xnbv° - v, ]pXn-bXpw ]¶mfn-Ø-ap-≈-Xp-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø\-co-Xnbv°v, `cta-ev]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ, H‰s∏´ hy‡n-IfpsS t\´-a√ hnizm-k-sa∂v ⁄m\-kv\m\w \ap°v ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p. B¿s°-¶nepw kz¥-ambn sNøm-hp∂ Hcp {]hr-Øn-b√ AXv. ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w {]k-cn-∏n°p∂ k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-bn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂Xp-hgn kzoI-cn-t°≠ H∂m-W-Xv. Bcpw X∂-Øm≥ temI-Ønte°p hcm-Ø-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Bcpw kzbw ⁄m\kv\m-\-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ⁄m\-kv\m\w \mw kzoIcn-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. 42. Cu ]pXnb ""{]t_m-[\ \ne-hmc''Ønte°v \sΩ

78

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

{]th-in-∏n-°p∂ ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS-I-߃ Ghbm-Wv? BZyw ]cn-ip≤ {XnXz-Øns‚ — ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚bpw — \maw ⁄m\kv\m-\m¿∞n-bp-sS-ta¬ Bhm-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aß-s\, XpS°wapX¬X-s∂, hnizm-k-bm-{X-bpsS Hcp ka-\zbw \¬I-s∏-SpIbmWv. A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-Ibpw At±l-Øns‚ ssZh-sa∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sm≥ B{K-ln-°pI-bpw sNbvX ssZhw, tamibv°v Xs‚ \maw shfn-s∏Sp-Ønb ssZhw, Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ \ap°v \¬In-b-Xn-eqsS Xs‚ \ma-Øns‚ clkyw ]q¿Æ-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssZhw, ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn® hy‡nbv°v Ct∏mƒ ]pt{XmNn-X-amb Hcp ]pXnb hy‡nXzw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

PeØn¬ ap°p-I F∂ ⁄m\-kv\m-\I - ¿Ω-Øn¬Xs∂ CXv hy‡-ambn ImWm-hp∂-Xm-Wv. ]pXn-bXpw al-Ø-chp-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øn-te°v kz¥w am\-km-¥-c-ØneqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ \sΩ £Wn-°p∂ ac-W-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xo-I-amWv Pew; AtX-k-abw AXv Poh-s‚, {InkvXp-hns\ Ahn-SpsØ ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-Kan-°p∂Xphgn \mw \h-P∑w {]m]n-°p∂ DZ-c-Øn-s‚, Hcp {]XoIw IqSn-bm-Wv. C{]-Im-cw, Pe-Øn¬ ap°p-∂Xn-eq-sS, hnizmk-Øns‚ a\pjymh-Xm-c-]-c-amb LS-\sb-°p-dn®v ⁄m\-kv\m\w \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]h¿-Ø\w \ΩpsS kØ-bpsS Bg-ßfn-te°v Xpf-™p-Ib - d - p-Ibpw \sΩ kaqew ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p. AXp \sΩ ssZh- Ø ns‚ ZØp]p{Xcpw ssZhn-I-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ ]¶p-Imcp-am-°p-∂p.

Aßs\ AXv \ΩpsS F√m _‘-ß-fnepw Cu temIØnepw {]]-©-Ønepw \ap-°p≈ ÿm\-Ønepw am‰wh-cp-Øp-Ibpw \ΩpsS _‘-ßsf ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w Iq´mbv a mPohn- X - Ø n- t e°p Xpd°pI- b pw sNøp- ∂ p.

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

79

⁄m\-kv\m\-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ Cu am‰w \h-kp-hnti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n, ⁄m\-kv\m-\m¿∞n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ khn-ti-j-{]m-[m\yw hne-a-Xn°m≥ \ap°p klmbI-amIpIbpw CXp-aqew ]ucm-WnI ss{Ikv-X-h-thcpI-fp≈ kaq-l-ß-fn¬t]mepw {]mb]q¿Øn-bmb IqSp-X¬IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Iƒ ⁄m\-kv\m\w F∂ IqZmi-sb Ct∏mƒ kao-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv {InkvXp-hn¬ \ΩpsS kakv-X-Po-hn-Xhpw ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-\p-≈ Hcp°Øns‚ hgn-bm-Wv. ⁄m\-kv\m-\hpw hnizm-khpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu _‘w hne-a-Xn-°m≥, BZna ss{IkvX-h-{KŸ-k-©b-Øn⁄m\-kv\m-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ncp-∂, Giøm {]hmNIs‚ Hcp hN\w \ap°v A\p-kva-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv: ""inem-Zp¿Kß-fm¬ Ah≥ {]Xn-tcm-[-ap-d-∏n-°pw... Ah\v Zml-Pew In´p-sa∂p Xo¿®''(Gi. 33:16).37 ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn-®-h¿ Ct∏mƒ, ac-W-Øns‚ Pem-i-b-Øn¬\n∂p c£n-°-s∏-´v, Hcp ""inem-Zp¿K''-Øn¬ \n¿Ø-s∏´p; Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah¿ ZrVhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-amb Hcp ASn-ÿm\w Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™p. ac-W-Øns‚ Pemibw Aßs\ Poh-P-e-ambn ]cnh¿-Ø\w sNø-s∏-´p. ""In´psa∂p Xo¿®''bp≈ B Pe-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ, ""hnizkvXw'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ pistós F∂ ]Z-amWv {Ko-°p`mjbn-ep≈ hnip≤ {KŸ-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ⁄m\kv\m-\-Pew Xo¿®-bmbpw hniz-kvXhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Kyhp-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXp {]h-ln-°p-∂Xv Pohn-X-bm{X- b n¬ \ΩpsS kp\n- › n- X - X z- Ø ns‚ t{kmX- mb {InkvXp-hns‚ i‡n-sIm≠mWv. 43. ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS-\, \mw Hcp ]pXnb \mahpw Hcp ]pXnb Poh\pw kzoI-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]pXp-

80

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

P∑w F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ AXns‚ cq]w, inip amtΩm-Zokm-bpsS A¿∞hpw {]m[m-\yhpw hne-a-Xn-°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. kzX-{¥-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\w-hgn hnizmkw kzoI-cn-°m≥ inip-°ƒ {]m]vX-c-√; B hnizmkw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ {]Jym-]n-°m\pw At∏mƒ Ah¿°p Ignbp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS \ma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS amXm- ] n- X m- ° - ∑ mcpw Bflob amXm- ] n- X m- ° - ∑ mcpw hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. hnizmkw k`-bpsS Iq´m-bvabn¬ Pohn-°s∏Sp∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-hpw s]mXp-hmb Hcp ""Rß-fpsS'' `mK-hpam-b-Xn-\m¬ Ip´n-Isf a‰p-≈h¿°v, Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿-°pw Bflob amXm]n-Xm-°-∑m-¿°pw, ]n≥Xp-W-bv°m-hp-∂Xpw k`-bptSXp Xs∂-bmb Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn-te°v kzmKXw sNømhp-∂X - p-am-Wv. s]klmØn-cn-bn¬\n∂v Ip´n-bpsS ]nXmhv sImfp-Øp∂ sagp-Ip-Xncn CXns‚ {]Xo-Ia - m-Wv. Aßs\ hnizmkw ssI-amdp-∂-Xn¬ k`bpw IpSpw-_hpw XΩnep≈ kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-{]m-[m\yw ⁄m\kv\m-\-Øns‚ LS\ {]I-S-am-°p-∂p. hnip≤ BK-kvXot\mkv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, Ip´n-Isf temI-Ønte°p sIm≠p-h-cm≥ am{X-a√ Ahsc ssZh-Øn-te°v B\-bn°m\pw amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ hnfn-°-s∏-´ncn°p-∂p. ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn-eqsS Ah¿°v ssZh-a-°-fmbn \hP∑w {]m]n-°m\pw hnizm-kØ - ns‚ Zm\w kzoI-cn-°m\pw Ign-bpw.38 Aß-s\, Poht\m-sSm∏w Ip´nIƒ°v auenIamb Hcp B`n-apJyw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂p; Ah¿°v \√ Hcp `mhn Dd-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu B`n-apJyw ssÿcy-te-]\w F∂ IqZm-ib - n¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ap{Z-tbm-Sp-IqSn IqSpX¬ i‡-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

44. hnizm-k-Øns‚ IuZm-in-I-kz-`mhw AXns‚ G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bhn-jvImcw Is≠-Øp-∂Xv Znhy-

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

81

Imcp-Wy-Øn-em-Wv. Znhy-Im-cpWyw hnizm-kØ - n-\p≈ Aaqey-amb Hcp t]mj-W-am-Wv. Xs‚ ]c-a-amb kvt\l-{]hrØn-bn¬ kXy-ambn k∂n-lnX\mbn-cn°p∂ {InkvXp-hpam-bp≈ Hcp A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-Ww, Poh-Zm-b-I-amb AhnSpsØ Bfl-Zm-\w. ]c-kv]cw \n¿e-bn°p∂ hnizm-kØns‚ c≠p am\-߃ Znhy-Im-cpWy-Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂p. Hcp-h-iØv Ncn-{X-Øns‚ am\-am-Wp≈-Xv. Znhy-ImcpWyw A\p-kva-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp I¿ΩamWv. BXy-¥nI-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øns‚ kqN\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, `qX-Im-ew, Hcp `mhn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ AXns‚ Ignhv {]I-S-am-°p-Ibpw, ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]p\-cp-∞m-\Øn-s‚bpw Hcp khn-ti-jk - w-`hw F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ clkysØ h¿Ø- a m\Ime- Ø n¬ Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° pIbpw sNøp∂p. ""tlmZntb'' (hodie) c£m-Ic cl-ky-ß-fpsS ""C∂v'', F∂ hm°v Bh¿-Øn-®p-sIm≠v, Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw CXp \sΩ A\p-kvacn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. adp-h-i-Øv, Zriy-temI-Øn¬-\n∂v AZr-iy-tem-IØ - n-te°p \bn°p∂ am\hpw \mw ImWp-∂p. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ bmYm¿-∞y-Øns‚ Hu∂-Xy-ßfpw Bg-ßfpw ImWm≥ \mw A`y-kn-°p-∂p.

A∏hpw ho™pw, ]nXm-hn-te-°p≈ Xs‚ IS-∂p-t]m-Ien¬ (Passover) k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ Xncp-ic - o-cc - ‡ - ß - f - mbn amdp-Ib - m-Ws - √m. Cu am‰w, ssZhØn¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-te-°p≈ krjvS-Pm-eØns‚ Ne\-Øn-te°v \sΩ ico-c-tØmSpw BflmthmSpwIqSn ASp-∏n-°p-∂p.

45. IqZm-i-Iƒ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ, {]tXy-In®v hnizm-k{- ]-Jym-]\ - Ø - n-eq-sS, k` Ah-fpsS Hm¿Ω ssIamdp-I-bm-Wv. Aaq¿Ø-amb Hcp-Iq´w kXy-߃°v Hcmƒ \¬Ip∂ kΩXw am{X-a√ hnizm-k{- ]-am-WØ - n¬ Dƒs∏´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-ep]cn hnizm-k-{]am-Ww sNm√p-tºmƒ

82

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kºq¿Æ Iq´m-bva-bn-te°p≈ Hcp bm{X-bn-te°v PohnXw apgp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Øn¬, hnizmkn-Iƒ Ah¿ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂ cl-ky-Øn-te°p {]thin-°phm\pw AXphgn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw £Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW∂p ]d-bmw. CXns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-sW∂p a\ n-em-°m≥, \ap°v BZyw hnizm-k-{]am-W-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-w ]cn-tim[n°mw. AXn\v {XnXzmflIamb Hcp LS\bmWp-≈-Xv: ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw kvt\l-Øns‚ Acq-]n-bn¬ sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\, F√m AkvXn-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw tI{μ-ÿm-\w, F√m bmYm¿∞y-ß-fp-sSbpw G‰hpw B¥-cn-I-amb cl-kyw, ssZhnI Iq´m-bva-bm-sW∂v hnizmkn {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bmWv. {InkvXp-hn-⁄m-\o-b-]-c-amb Hcp {]Jym-]-\hpw hnizmk-{]-am-W-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v: {InkvXp-hns‚ acWhpw D∞m-\hpw Ahn-SpsØ al-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb A¥na-{]-Xym-K-a-\-Øn\p ap≥]p≈ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-hpw-h-sc, Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-Ønse F√m cl-ky-ßfn-epwIqSn AXp \sΩ Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Iq´m-bva-bpsS Cu ssZhw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-ep≈ ]nXm-hns‚-bpw ]p{Xs‚bpw ]c-kv]-c-kvt\-lw, a\p-jy-N-cn-{XsØ apgp-h≥ Bt«-jn-°m\pw ]nXm-hn¬ t{kmX pw ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whp-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Ne-\m-flI sFIy-Øn-te°v B Ncn-{XsØ hen-®-Sp-∏n-°phm\pw {]m]vX-am-sW∂v AXp \tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p. Xs‚ hnizmkw G‰p-]-d-bp∂ Hcp hy‡n G‰p-]-d-b-s∏-Sp∂ kXy-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏-SpI-bm-Wv. ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sm-sX, B kvt\l-N-cn{X-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-Øo-cm-sX, Hcp hy‡n°v kXy-k-‘ambn hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Ønse hm°p-Iƒ sNm√m≥ Ignbp-I-bn-√. Cu kvt\l-N-cn{Xw B hy‡nsb Bt«-jn-

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

83

°pI-bpw AkvXn-XzsØ hnI-kz-cam°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

AXm-I-s´, B hnizm-knsb BXy-¥n-I-am-bn, hnizm-k{]-amWw sNm√p∂ k` F∂ alm-Iq-´m-bva-bpsS `mKam°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \mw hniz-kn-°p∂ Cu kXy-ß-sf√mw Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-bntebv°p≈ Hcp bm{X F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]pXnb hnizm-k-Pohn-X-Øns‚ cl-ky-Øn-te°p hnc¬Nq-≠p-I-bm-Wv.

hnizm-khpw {]m¿∞-\bpw ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Ifpw 46. k`-bpsS Cu Hm¿Ω-bpsS hniz-kvX-amb {]k-c-WØn¬ a‰p c≠p-L-S-I-߃ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. BZy-tØXv ""kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth'' F∂ I¿Xr-{]m¿∞-\-bmWv. ChnsS {InkvXp-hns‚ kz¥w Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-Øn]¶p-tN-cm\pw F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ahn-SpsØ ZrjvSn-Ifn¬IqSn ImWm\pw ss{IkvX-h¿ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. {]Imi-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ {]Im-ihpw ]nXm-hns‚ GI-Pm-X\ - p-amb Ahn-Sp-∂n¬\n∂v \mw ssZh-sØ-°pdn®v Adn-bm≥ CSbm-Ip-∂p. B ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v ASp-°m-\p≈ B{Klw a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ Pzen-∏n-°m≥ Aßs\ \ap°p Ign-bp∂p.

AXpt]mse-X-s∂, hnizm-khpw ]Øp-{]-am-W-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw {][m-\-am-Wv. \mw t\ctØ ]d™Xp-t]m-se, hnizmkw Hcp bm{X-bp-sS, ]n≥Xp-Stc≠-Xmb Hcp ]mX-bp-sS, cq]w ssIs°m-≈p-∂p. AXv Bcw-`n-°p∂Xv Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp I≠p-ap-´tem-SpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. ]Øp {]am-W-߃ Ah-bpsS G‰hpw AKm[-amb kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®ØnemWv; c£n-°p∂ ssZh-sØ ]q¿Æ-ambn `c-taev]n-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv. {]am-W-ß-sf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hN\ß-fn¬ CXp ImWm≥ Ignbpw: ""CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂p \ns∂ ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h∂ Rm\m-Wv \ns‚ ssZh-amb

84

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

I¿Ømhv'' (]pd. 20:2). ]Øp-{]am-Wß - ƒ Hcp-Iq´w \ntj[m-flI Iev]-\-I-f-√, {]XypX, Ah ssZh-hp-ambn kw`mj- W - Ø n- t e¿- s ∏- S m\pw AhnSp- s Ø Imcp- W y- Ø mBt«-jn-°-s∏-Sm\pw A\-¥cw B Imcp-WysØ a‰p≈-h-cn-tebv°p ]Icm\pw-th-≠n, kzm¿-∞-]-chpw kzbw sI´n-bS- ® - X - p-amb Al-¥b - psS acp-`q-an-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-ØpI-S-°m-\p≈ kaq¿Ø-\n¿t±-i-ß-fm-Wv. F√m-‰n-s‚bpw Bcw-`hpw F√mw Ic-ß-fn¬ kwhln°p-∂-h-\p-amb ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-amWv hnizmkw G‰p-]-dbp∂-Xv. ssZhhp-am-bp≈ sFIy-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xbnte°v bm{XsN-øm≥th≠n Cu kvt\-l-Øm¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sm≥ hnizmkw kzbw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ IrX-⁄XbpsS ]mX-bm-bn, kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Xyp-Ø-c-am-bn, ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXp km[y-am-Ip-∂Xv \tΩm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ cq]m-¥c - s - ∏SpØp∂ kvt\l-Øns‚ A\p-`hw kzoIcn-°m≥ hnizm-k-Øn¬ \mw tbmKy-cm-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. Cu ]mX- a-e-bnse {]kw-K-Øn-ep≈ (cf. aØm. 5:7) tbip-hns‚ {]t_m-[-\-Øn¬\n∂v ]pXnb {]Imiw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. k` ssIam-dp∂ Hm¿Ω-bpsS Ie-h-d-bn¬ AS-ßn-bncn-°p∂ \mep LS-Iß - ƒ Ch-bmWv: hnizm-k{- ]Jym-]\w, IqZm-i-I-fpsS ]cn-I¿Ωw, ]Øp-{]-am-W-ß-fpsS ]mX, {]m¿∞-\. k`-bpsS aX-t_m-[\w ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn Cu \mep-L-S-I-ßfpambn _‘-s∏-´mWv cq]s∏-SpØn-bn-cn°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬ "ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[\w' Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. k` Ah-fpsS hnizm-kØ - ns‚ kakvX D≈S-°hpw ""Ahƒ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°p-∂s - X-√mw, Ahƒ hnizkn-°p-∂s - X-√mw'' 39 ]I¿∂p\¬Ip∂ Ahn-`m-Py-{]h¿Ø\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp auenI klm-bn-bmWv ItØm-en°mk`bpsS aX-t_m-[\w.

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

85

hnizm-kØns‚ sFIyhpw ka{K-Xbpw 47. ÿe-Im-e\n_-≤-amb k`-bpsS sFIyw hnizmkØn-s‚ sFIy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp icochpw Hcp Bflm-hp-am-Wp-≈-Xv... Hcp hnizm-khpw'' (Ft^.

4:4˛5). Hcp s]mXp-D-t±-iy-Øn¬, ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ aaX-bn¬, Htc`mK-t[-bØ - nepw GI-e£ - y-Ønepw ]¶p-tNcp-∂X - n¬, Hcp-kwLw Bfp-Iƒ H∂p-tN-cp-∂Xv C°m-eØv \ap°v k¶-ev]n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ GI-k-Xy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sFIyw hn`m-h\ sNøpI F∂Xv t¢i-Ic-ambn \mw ImWp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sFIyw Nn¥m-kzm-X{¥yhpw hy‡n-]-c-amb kzbw-\n¿ÆbmhImihpambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√ F∂p Icp-Xm-\p≈ {]h-WX \ap°p-≠v. F∂m¬ s]mXp-hmb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv km[y-amsW-∂mWv kvt\l-Øns‚ A\p`hw \ap°p ImWn-®pX-cp-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS IÆp-I-fn¬IqSn bm-Ym¿∞yw ImWp-∂Xv F{]-Im-c-sa∂v kvt\l-Øn¬IqSn \mw ]Tn°p∂p. CXm-Is´ \ΩpsS ho£-WsØ Zcn-{Z-am-°p∂ Hs∂∂ \ne-bn-e-√, {]XypX AXns\ kº-∂-am-°p∂ Hs∂∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ amXrIbnep≈ bYm¿∞ kvt\l-Øn\v BXy-¥n-I-ambn kXyw Bh-iy-am-Wv. tbip-{InkvXphmIp∂ kXysØ-°pdn-®p≈ Iq´mb hnNn-¥\w kvt\lsØ AKm-[hpw \ne\n¬°p--∂-Xp-ambnØocm≥ Ign-hp-≈-Xm-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ alm-k-t¥m-jhpw CXmWv: Hcp ico-c-Ønepw Hcp Bflm-hn-ep-ap≈ ho£-W-Øns‚ sFIyw. alm-\mb hnip≤ entbmbv°v Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ Ign™p: ""hnizmkw GI-a-s√-¶n¬ AXp hnizm-k-a√.'' 40 Cu sFIy-Øns‚ clkyw F¥mWv? Adn-b-s∏-SpIbpw G‰p-]d - b - s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ GIXzamWv hnizmkw ""GI''-ambncn-°p-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ

86

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

ImcWw. hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ß-sf√mw ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-∂p; Ahn-Sp-sØbpw Ahn-SpsØ {]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw Adn-bm-\p≈ hgn-If - m-Wh - . XXv^e - ambn, Ah-bpsS sFIyw a\p-jy-bp-‡n-bv°p km[y-amb GXp \n¿Ωn-Xn-tb-°mfpw Gsd sa®-am-Wv. \sΩ kº∂-am°p∂ Hcp sFIy-amWv Ah-bpsS ]°ep≈-Xv. Fs¥∂m¬, AXv \ap°p \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \sΩ H∂m-°nØo¿°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. hnizmkw GI-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv GI-I¿-Ømhns\, tbip-hns‚ PohnXsØ, Ahn-Sp∂v \Ω-fp-ambn ]¶p- t N- c p∂ kaq¿Ø Ncn- { X- s Ø, e£y- a m°p- ∂ p. ⁄m\hm- Z - Ø ns\Xnsc- b p≈ Xs‚ t]mcm- ´ - Ø nentbm¨knse hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bqkv CXp hy‡-am°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. c≠p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Ds≠∂v ⁄m\-hm-Zn-Iƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. P\-km-am-\yØn\v A\ptbmPyam-b, A]-cn-jvIr-Xa - m-b, A]q¿Æ-amb hnizmk-am-sWm-∂v. tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw Ahn-SpsØ cl-ky-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ [ym\-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-Øn¬ HXpßp∂ Hcp hnizm-k-am-W-Xv. c≠m-atØ-Xm-Is´ IqSp-XBg-ap≈-Xpw ]q¿Æ-hp-amb hnizm-k-amWv. tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn\p-]-cn-bmbn Adn-b-s∏-SmØ ssZhnIXbn-te°v Dbcm≥ _u≤n-I-ambn Ign-hp≈, khn-ti-j-⁄m\-ap≈-h-cpsS Hcp sNdnb KWØn-\p-th≠n AXp \o°n-hbv°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. C∂pw Cu Ah-Im-ihmZ-Øn\v Ipds®ms° BI¿j-Whpw AXn-t‚-Xmb A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw D≠v. CXns\ FXn¿Øp-sIm-≠v, Hcp hnizmkw am{X-tabp≈psh∂v hnip≤ sFtd-\n-bqkv i‡-ambn hmZn-®p.

Imc-Ww, AXv A[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jym-hX - mcw F∂ kaq¿Ø- k w- ` - h - Ø n- e m- W v ; AXn\v Hcn- ° epw {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-cØ - n\pw Ncn{X-Øn\pw AXoXamIm≥

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

87

Ign-bp-I-bn-√; B ico-c-Øn-emWp Xs∂-Øs∂ ]q¿Æambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ssZhw Xncp-a-\- m-b-Xv. C°m-cW-Øm¬, ""hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®p Zo¿L-ambn {]`m-jWw \S-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈-h-cp-sSbpw'' ""Aev]w-am{Xw kwkm-cn°p-∂-h-cp-sS-bpw'' hnizm-k-Øn¬, hen-b-h-cp-sSbpw sNdnb-h-cpsS-bpw hnizm-k-Øn¬, Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-s√∂v At±lw ka¿∞n°p∂p. BZy-sØ Iq´¿°v hnizmkw h¿≤n-∏n°m-t\m c≠m-asØ Iq´¿°v AXp Ipd-bv°mt\m km[n-°p-I-bn-√.41 Ah-km\am-bn, GI-i-co-chpw GIBflm-hp-amb k` apgp-h≥ AXn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, hnizmkw GIam-Wv. k` F∂ GI-hn-j-b-Øns‚ Iq´m-bva-bn¬, \ap°v s]mXp-hmb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv e`n-°p-∂p. Htc-hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠v, Htc -in-e-bn¬ \mw ZrV-ambn \nesIm-≈p-∂p, kvt\l-Øns‚ Htc -Zn-hym-flmhn-\m¬ \mw ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p, \mw Htc-{]Imiw {]k-cn∏n-°p-∂p; bmYm¿∞ysØ kw_-‘n®v \ap°v Htc Dƒ°m-gvN-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. 48. hnizmkw GI-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, AXv AXns‚ apgph≥ ]cn-ip-≤n-bnepw ka{K-X-bnepw {]Jym-]n-°-s∏S-Ww. hnizm-k-Øns‚ F√m {]am-W-ßfpw IrXy-ambn ]ckv]c_‘n-Xßfmb-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ah-bn¬ H∂ns\, AXv G‰hpw A{]-[m\w F∂ptXm∂p-∂Xmbm¬t]mepw, \ntj-[n°p∂Xv apgphs\bpw hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂X - n\p Xpeyam-Wv. hnizm-kØ - ns‚ `mK-amb GsX-¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Imcyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ Ffp-∏tam IqSp-X¬ ITn\tam Bbn Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Hmtcm ImeL´-ß-fnepw ImWs∏´n-´p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠v, hnizm-kØ - ns‚ \nt£]w AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ ssIam-dp∂p F∂pw (cf. 1 Xntam.

6:20) hnizm-k{- ]-Jym-]\ - Ø - ns‚ F√m-hi - ß - ƒ°pw btYm-

88

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

NnXw Du∂¬\¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ Pm{KX ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. hnizm-k-Ønse sFIyw k`bn-se sFIy-am-Wv. X∑q-ew, hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂v Fs¥¶n-epw Ipd-bv°pI F∂p-h-®m¬ AXv B Iq´m-bva-bpsS kXymh-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v NneXp Ipd-bv°pI F∂m-Wv. {InkvXphns‚ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw k`-bn¬ AXp hym]n-∏n°s∏-Sp∂-Xn-s‚bpw 42 kmZriy-Øn¬, hnizm-ksØ Hcp icocam-bn, hnhn[ Ah-b-h-߃ AS-ßp∂ kXy-Øn-s‚ icoc-am-bn, k`m-]n-Xm°-∑m¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. hnizm-kØns‚ ka{KX-sb Hcp I\yI F∂\ne-bn-ep≈ k`bpsS {]Xn-—mb-tbm-Spw Ah-fpsS aW-hm-f-\mb {InkvXphn-t\mSv Ahƒ-°p≈ kvt\l-]q¿h-amb hniz-kvX-XtbmSpw _‘n-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. hnizm-kØ - n\v lm\n D≠m-°pI F∂p-h-®m¬ AXns‚ A¿∞w I¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ sFIyØn-\v lm\nhcp-ØpI F∂mWv.43 C{]-Im-cw, hnizmkØn-s‚ sFIyw Hcp kPoh icoc-Øns‚ sFIy-am-Wv. hmgvØ-s∏´ tPm¨ sl≥dn- \yqam≥ CXp kv]jvS-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kI-e-Xn-s\bpw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°pIbpw Ah-bpsS G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb Bhnjv-Im-c-Øntebv°v B\-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, Hmtcm-∂pw k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip∂ hnhn[ ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fnepw AXv A`nap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ hn`n∂ kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw44 I≠pap´p∂ F√m-‰n-s\bpw kzmwio-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hns\ ImeØn-eq-sS-bp≈ hnizm-k-k-Xy-Øns‚ ss\c-¥cyw Xncn®-dn-bm-\p≈ khn-ti-j-Imcy-ß-fpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏Sp-Øp-tºm-gmWv At±lw CXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Aßs\, kakvX {]]-©-sØbpw apgp-h≥ Ncn-{X-sØbpw Zo]vX-am-°p∂-Xn\p-th≠n AXns‚ {]Imiw hym]n-°p∂Xn\m¬ hnizmkw km¿h-{Xn-I-am-sW-∂v, ImtXm-en-Iam-sW-∂v, {]I-S-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv.

F\n°p e`n-®Xp Rm≥ \n߃°v G¬]n®pX∂p

89

49. hnizm-k-Øns‚ sFIy-Øn\pw AXns‚ ka{Kamb {]k-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ip{iqj F∂ \ne-bn¬, I¿Ømhv Xs‚ k`bv°v A∏-kvtXm-enI ]n≥Xp-S¿®bpsS Zm\w \¬In. Cu am¿K-Øn-eq-sS, k`-bpsS kvacW-bpsS ss\c-¥cyw Dd-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnizmkw {]hln-°p∂ Acp-hn-bpsS Dd-hn-S-Øn-te°v kp\n-›n-X-ambn FØn-t®-cm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Imcw, {]kcn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n k` hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kPoh hnizmk-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-ap≈ Hcp coXn-bn¬, Pohn-°p∂ hy‡nI-fmWv, Bcw-`w-ap-X-ep≈ Cu XpS¿®bv°v kp\n›n-XXzw \¬Ip-∂X - v. Cu I¿Ø-hy-Øn\pth≠n I¿Ømhv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ km£n-I-fpsS hniz-kvX-Xsb k` B{i-bn-°p-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, k`-bp-sS {]t_m-[-\m[n-Imcw hnizmkØns‚ B[m-c-am-bncn-°p-∂, ap≥t]bp≈ hN-\Ø - n-\\ - p-kr-Xa - mbn kZm kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. k` {ihn-°p-Ibpw kq£n-°p-Ibpw hymJym\n°pI-bpw sNøp∂ 45 hN-\-Øn-ep≈ AhfpsS icWw tlXp-hmbn AXv hniz-k-\ob-am-Wv. "At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS {]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬' hnip≤ eq°m \ap°pth≠n hnhcn-°p-∂, ante-tØm-kn¬h®v Ft^-tkm-knse t{ijvT-∑m-tcmSv hnip≤ ]utemkv \S-Ønb hnS-hm-߬ {]`m-jW - Ø - n¬, ""ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw apgp-h≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥'' (At∏m.

20:27) I¿Ømhv Xs∂ `c-ta-ev]n® Npa-Xe Xm≥ \n¿Δln- ® - X mbn At±lw km£ys∏SpØp∂p. k`- b psS {]-t_m[\m[nImcw aptJ\, Cu XncplnXw AXns‚ ka-{KXbn¬ \ap°p e`n-°p-∂p. AXns\ ]q¿Æ-ambn ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xn-ep≈ B\-μhpw AXnt\msSm∏w ssIhcp∂p.

90

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

""Xncp-°p-Spw_w Hcp ]\-hr-£-®p-h-´n¬''; d^m-tb-ens‚ cN\ (1506˛07)

A[ymbw \mev

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p (cf. sl{_m. 11:16)

hnizm-khpw s]mXp-\-∑bpw 50. tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \oXn]q¿hw Pohn® a\pjy-cp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°ptºmƒ, sl{_m-b¿°p≈ -te-J\w Ah-cpsS hnizmkØns‚ kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp hiw-IqSn FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p∂p. hnizmkw Hcp bm{X F∂\ne-bn¬ am{X-a√ a\pjy-hw-iØ - n\v Hcp-an®p Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp `h\w Hcp-°p∂ \n¿Ωm-W-{]-{Inb F∂ \ne-bnepw Ah-X-cn∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. t]S-I-Øn¬ Xs‚ IpSpw-_sØ c£n® t\ml-bm-bn-cp∂p BZy \n¿Ωm-Xmhv (sl{_m. 11:7).

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

91

XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv A{_m-l-am-Wv. hnizm-k-tØm-sS, Dd® ASn-ÿm-\-ap≈ Hcp \K-c-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ {]Xo-£-bnAh≥ IqSm-c-Øn¬ ]m¿Øp F∂mWv A{_m-l-sØ-°pdn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv (cf. sl{_m. 11:9˛10). hnizm-ktØm-sSm∏w; ssZh-Øn-\p-am{Xw \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]pXnb hnizm-ky-X, Hcp ]pXnb ssÿcyw ssIh-cp-∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ a\p-jy≥ hniz-kvX\pw ""BtΩ≥'' Bbh-\p-amb ssZh-Øn¬ (cf. Gi. 65:16) klmbw Is≠Øn kzbw ZrVX ssIh-cn-°p∂p F¶n¬; hnizm-ks - sÿcyw ssZhw a\p-jy-hwi-Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp-°p∂ `h-\-Øns‚ ap{Z-bm-sW∂v \ap°p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. ssZhw AhcpsS CS-bn¬ D≈-t∏mƒ, a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w F{X-am{Xw ZrV-am-bn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v hnizmkw shfnhm-°p∂p. hniz-kn-°p∂ hy‡n-bv°v, Dd-∏p≈ t_m[yw, B¥-cn-I-amb ZrV-X- am-{X-a√ hnizmkw \¬Ip-∂Xv; F√m am\p-jnI _‘-ßf - p-sS-taepw AXp shfn®w hoip∂p, Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂pw D≠m-bXpw ssZh-Øns‚Xs∂ kvt\lsØ {]Xn-^en-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amWv. hniz-kvX-\mb ssZhw \ap°v hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°m-hp∂ Hcp \Kcw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

51. hnizm-k-sh-fn®w kvt\l-tØmSv _‘n-X-am-bXpsIm≠pXs∂ (cf. Kem. 5:6) AXv \oXn-bp-sSbpw \nb-aØn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw ip{iqj-bn¬ kaq¿-Øambn {]Xn- j v T n- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ p. \ΩpsS Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ A¿∞hpw \∑bpw hy‡-am-°s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ auen- I - k v t \- l - h p- a m- b p≈ I≠p- a p- ´ en¬\n- ∂ mWv hnizmkw P\n-°p-I. B kvt\lw Xpd-∂p-X-cp∂ XeØn-te°v AXv {]th-in-°p∂Xn\-\p-k-cn®v, a‰p-hm-°pI-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xb - n-te°p \bn°p∂ Hcp ]mXbpw k{º-Zm-bhpw Bbn-Øo-cp∂nS-tØm-

92

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

fw, \ΩpsS PohnXw Zo]vXa - m-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. hnizmk-Øns‚ shfn®w am\p-jnI_‘-ß-fpsS kº-∂-X-sb h¿≤-am\-am-°p∂p; \ne-\n¬°m\pw hniz-kvXX - ]pe¿-Øphm-\pw Pohn-XsØ H∂n®p kºp-jvS-am-°phm-\p-ap≈ Ah-bpsS Ign-hn-s\, h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw hnizm-ks - hfn®-Øn\p {]m]vXnbp-≠v. hnizmkw \sΩ temI-Øn¬ \n∂-I-‰p-Itbm \ΩpsS ImesØ a-\pjycpsS kaq¿Ø-amb Bi-¶I - sf kw_-‘n-®n-StØm-fw A{]-k‡ - a - m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°s - ∏Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp kvt\l-an-s√¶n¬, kv{Xo-]pcp-j-∑msc bYm¿∞Øn¬ tbmPn-∏n®p \n¿Øm≥ H∂n\pw Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. am\p-jnI sFIyw hn`mh\ sNø-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv {]tbm-P-\-Øns‚ ASnÿm\-Øn¬ am{X-am-bncn°pw; hncp-≤-Xm-ev]-cy-ß-fpsS Hcp IW°p-Iq-´ent∑tem `b-Øn-t∑tem am{Xw, H∂n®p Pohn-°p-∂X - ns‚ \∑-bn-tem, a‰p-≈h - c - psS tIhe km∂n≤y-Øn\v \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ kt¥m-j-sØ ASn-ÿm-\am-°ntbm A√. am\p-jn-I-_-‘-ß-fpsS inev]-hn-Zysb hne-aX - n-°m≥ hnizmkw \ap-°n-Sb - m-°p∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, AXv ssZh-Øn¬, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn¬, Ah-bpsS BXy¥n-I-amb ASn-ÿm\-hpw kp\n-›n-X-amb `mK-t[bhpw Is≠Øp-Ibpw Aßs\ B \n¿Ωm-W-I-e-bnshfn-®w-ho-ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{]-Imcw AXv s]mXp\-∑-bv°p≈ Hcp ip{iq-j-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hnizmkw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ Hcp \∑-bm-Wv, Hcp s]mXp-\-∑. AXn-s‚ shfn®w k`-bpsS AI-Ø-fsØ {]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-Itbm hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ tem-I-Øn¬ Hcp \nXy-\-Kcw ]Wn-bm≥ D]-I-cn-°p-Itbm am{X-a√ sNøp∂Xv; {]Xym-i-bpsS Hcp `mhn-bn-te°v bm{X sNøm≥ \ΩpsS kaq-l-߃°v km[n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Ahsb ]Sp-Øpb¿-Øm≥ AXp \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂p. sl-{_m-

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

93

b¿-°p≈ teJ\w C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp amXrI \¬Ip∂p≠v. AXv hnizm-k-nIfmb a\pjycp-sS CS-bn¬ ""\oXn \S-∏m-°m≥'' (sl{_m. 11:33) hnizmkw {]m]vX-cm-°nb kmap-h-en-s‚bpw Zmho-Zn-s‚bpw t]cp-Iƒ \¬Iptºm-fmWv C{]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu ]Z-{]tbm-Kw `c-W-\n¿Δl-W-Ønse Ah-cpsS \oXn-\n-jvTsb-bpw P\-߃°v kam-[m\w ssIh-cp-Øp∂ ⁄m\-sØ-bpw ]cm-a¿in°p∂p (cf. 1 kmap. 12:3˛5; 2 kmap. 8:15). _‘-ß-fnA[n-jvTn-Xhpw ssZh-kvt\lw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n ÿm]n°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp \Kcw kvt\l-]q¿hw \n¿Ωn-°m≥ Ah¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp-tºmƒX-s∂, hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ic-߃ kz¿§-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hnizm-khpw IpSpw-_hpw 52. `mhn-\-K-c-Øn-te-°p≈ A{_m-l-Øns‚ {]bmWØn¬, ]nXm-°∑ - m-cn¬\n∂v ]p{X-∑m-cn-te°v ssIamd-s∏´ A\p- { K- l - s Ø- ° p- d n®v sl{_m- b ¿°p≈ teJ\w kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v (cf. sl{_m. 11:20˛21). IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv hnizmkw BZy-ambn a\p-jy-\KcsØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂Xv. hnhm-lØ - n-ep≈ ]pcp-js‚-bpw kv{Xo-bp-sSbpw kpÿn-c-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Rm≥ {]Ya-hpw {][m-\-hp-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu _‘w, ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw ssewKn-I-hy-XymkØns‚ \∑-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚-bpw kzoIm-c-Øns‚bpw Hc-S-bm-fhpw km∂n-≤yhpw F∂-\ne-bn¬, AhcpsS kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂p P\n-°p∂p. X∑qew Zº-Xn-Iƒ GI-i-co-c-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p (cf. D¬]. 2:24). {kjvSm-hns‚ \∑-bpsSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw km£m-XvIm-c-amb Hcp ]pXnb Poh\v P∑w-\¬Im≥ Ah¿ {]m]vX-cm-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu kvt\l-

94

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn, Xßfp-sS Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ apgph≥ hym]n-°p∂-Xpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]e khn-ti-j-XIfpw {]Xn-^en-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kqN-\-bm-bn, At\ym\yw ]c-kv]c-kvt\lw hmKvZm\w sNøm≥ Hcp ]pcpj\pw Hcp kv{Xo-bv°pw Ign-bp-∂p. \ΩpsS Bi-b-ßsf-°mfpw DZyaß-sf-°mfpw henb Hcp ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v, \sΩ \ne-\n¿-Øp-∂Xpw \mw kvt\ln°p∂ Hcmƒ°pth≠n \ΩpsS `mhn ]q¿Æ-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥ \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p∂-Xp-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®v, \mw {Kln°p-tºmƒ, imiz-X-kvt\lw hmKvZm\w sNøm≥ \ap°p km[n-°pw. Hcp ]pXnb hy‡n-bpsS clkyw \sΩ `cta-ev]n-°p∂ {kjvSm-hns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ Hc-Sbm-fw F∂ \ne-bn¬, k¥m-t\m-ev]m-Z-\sØ AXns‚ apgp-h≥ Bg-Ønepw kº-∂-X-bnepw a\- n-em-°m\pw hnizmkw \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn\v Xs‚ hmKvZm-\-tØmSp≈ hniz-kvX-X-bn¬ ic-W-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v, hnizm-kwaqew, kmdm, Hc-Ω-bmbnØo¿∂p (cf. sl{_m. 11:11).

53. IpSpw-_-Øn¬, ssiihw apX¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂, Pohn-X-Øns‚ F√m {]mb-t`Z-ß-sfbpw hnizm-k-w A\pK-an-°p-∂p: Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑mcp-sS kvt\l-Øn¬ ic-W-s∏-Sm≥ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. CXp-sIm≠mWv Xß-fpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ hnizm-k{]I-S-\-ßsf amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ t{]m’m-ln-∏n°pI F∂Xv hfsc {][m-\s - ∏´XmIp-∂X - v. kz¥w hnizmk-Øn¬ {ItaW hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ CXv Ip´n-Iƒ°v klm-b-I-am-Ipw. hnizm-ksØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw F{Xtbm kº-∂hpw {][m-\hp-amb, AtX-ka - bw k¶o¿Æ-X-Iƒ \nd™ Hcp Ime-b-f-hn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ bph-P-\-߃-°v Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw k`-bpsSbpw \nc¥-ca - mb kmao]y-hpw ]n≥Xp-Wbpw Cu hnizm-

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

95

k-bm-{X-bn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. temI-bp-h-P-\-Zn-\ß-fn¬, Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ bph-P-\-߃ {]I-Sam-°p∂ kt¥m-jhpw IqSp-X¬ ZrVhpw DZm-c-hp-amb Hcp hnizm-k-Po-hn-XØn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Ah-cpsS A`n-emjhpw \Ω-sf√mw I≠n-´p≈Xm-Wv. PohnXw AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ \bn-°m≥ bph-P-\-߃ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hns\ A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - v, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lhebØn¬ Bbn-cn°m\pw \bn-°-s∏-Sm\pw Xß-sfØs∂ A\ph-Zn-°p-∂X - v, AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ N{I-hmf-sØ hnI-kn∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn\v \ncm-is - ∏-Sp-Øm-Ø, Dd® Hcp {]Xymi {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-lr-Z-b¿°p≈ A`-b-ÿm-\-a-√, {]XypX \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ßsf sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. AXv at\m-lcamb Hcp hnfnsb-°p-dn®v, kvt\l-Øns‚ ssZh-hn-fnsb°p-dn-®v, \sΩ t_m[yap-≈h-cm-°p-∂p. Cu kvt\lw hniz-k\o-bhpw Bt«jn-°m-hp∂-Xp-am-sW∂v AXv \ap°v Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p. Imc-Ww, AXp \ΩpsS F√m Zu¿_ey-ßsf-°mfpw i‡-amb ssZh-Øns‚ hnizkv-XX-bnA[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.

kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂Xn-\p≈ Hcp shfn®w 54. IpSpw- _ - Ø n¬ \na- · hpw Bg- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X p- a mb hnizmkw kaq-l-Ønse \ΩpsS F√m _‘-ß-sfbpw Zo]vXa - m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp shfn-®a - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]nXmhmb ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp A\p`hw F∂ \ne-bn¬ AXv \sΩ kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬ {]XnjvTn-°p-∂p. ka-Xz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb Hcp km¿h-{XnI kmtlm-Zcyw sI´n-∏-Sp-°m≥ B[p\n-IX {ian-°p-I-bp≠m-bn. F∂m¬ AXns‚ BXy-¥nI ASn-ÿm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ s]mXp-hmb Hcp ]nXm-hn-t\mSp _‘-an-√mØ

96

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Cu kmtlm-Zc - y-Øn\v, \ne-\n¬-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n√ F∂v \mw {ItaW a\- n-em-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ bYm¿-∞ ASn-ÿ-m\-Øn-te°v \mw aS-tß-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kwL¿jw C√m-sX-bs - √-¶n¬Iq-Sn, hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw XpS-°w-ap-X¬Xs∂ kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ Hcp Ncn-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚- tZiØp-\n∂p ]pd-s∏-´p-h-cm≥ ssZhw A{_m-lsØ hnfn-°p-Ibpw Ahsc Hcp alm-P-\-X-bm-°p-sa-∂v, ssZhm-\p-{Klw \ne\n¬°p∂ Hcp henb P\-hn-`m-K-am-°p-sa-∂v, At±-ltØmSp hmKvZm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p (cf. D¬]. 12:1˛3). c£m-I-c-Ncn-{Xw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-tºmƒ, B GI- A-\p-{Kl-Øn¬ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿ F∂-\n-e-bn¬ F√mh-scbpw ]¶p-Im-cm-°m≥ ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂v hy‡am-Ip-Ib - m-Wv. F√m-hcpw H∂m-Im≥th≠n B A\p{Klw tbip-hn¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØp-∂p. \ΩpsS ]nXm-hns‚ koam-Xo-X-amb kvt\lw tbiphn¬, \ΩpsS ktlm-Zc - o-kt- lm-Zc - ∑ - m-cn-eqsS \Ωn-te°p IS∂ph-cp-∂p. Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw F\n-°pXs∂bp≈ Hcp A\p-{K-lsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°p∂p F∂p ImWm≥, Fs‚ ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS apJ-ßfn-eqsS ssZhXn-cp-ap-J-Øns‚ {]Imiw F∂n¬ D÷zen-°p-∂p F∂p ImWm≥, hnizmkw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. a\pjycpsS \K-c-Ønte°v Ah-cpsS s]mXp-Po-hn-XØn-\p-th≠n F¥p-am{Xw {]tbm-P\ - ß - f - mWv ss{IkvX - h hnizm-k-Øns‚ ISm£w sIm≠p-h-∂n-´p-≈Xv! hnizmkw tlXp-hm-bn, Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw AXpey-amb alØzw \mw {Kln-°m-\n-S-bm-bn. ap≥]v CXv kv]-jvS-ambn ImWm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. c≠mw\q‰m-≠n¬, hnPm-Xo-b\mb sN¬kq-kv, Xm≥ t`mj-Ø-sa∂pw anYym-[m-c-W-

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

97

sb∂pw Icp-Xnb Hcm-ib-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ss{IkvX-hsc A[n-t£-]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn: kakvX {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw aIp-Sa - mbn a\p-jy-hy-‡nI-sf {]Xn-jvTn-®p-sIm-≠v, ssZhw temIsØ a\p-jy-\p-th≠n krjvSn®p F∂ Bi-b-amWn-Xv. ""{Iqccmb h\y-ar-K-߃°p-th≠nsb∂-Xn-t\°mƒ a\pjys‚ {]tbm-P\ - Ø - n-\p-th≠n (]p√v) hf-cp∂p - ns‚ F∂v Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp∂-Xv F¥n-\mWv?''46 ""BIm-iØ D∂-X-ß-fn¬-\n∂v \mw `qan-bn-te°p t\m°p∂-]£w, \ΩpsS {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw Ddp-ºp-I-fp-sSbpw tX\o-®-I-fpsSbpw {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw XΩn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Fs¥¶nepw hyXymkw D≠m-bn-cn-°ptam?'' 47 ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw Hmtcm hy‡n-sb-bpw-Ip-dn-®p≈ Ahn-SpsØ Xmev]-cyhpw a\p-jy-h¿Kw apgp-h-s\bpw ka-kvX-kr-jvSnI-sfbpw kamt«-jn-°p-∂Xpw tbip{InkvXp-hns‚ a\pjym-h-Xm-c-Ønepw ac-W-Øn-epw D∞m-\-Ønepw ]mc-ayØnseØp∂-Xp-amb Ahn-SpsØ c£m-]-≤-Xn-bp-amWv ss__n-fnse hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-`m-KØp≈-Xv. Cu bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Dƒ°m-gvN-bn-s√-¶n¬, a\pjyPo-hnX-sØ hne-s∏-´Xpw \nkvXp-e-hp-am-°p-∂Xv F¥msW∂p hnthNn-®-dn-bm≥ Hcp am\-Z-fi-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pI-bn-√. Xs‚ icn-bmb [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Dt]£n-®p-sIm-≠v, AYhm X\n°p Np‰p-ap≈ temIsØ Iui-e-]q¿hw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ A]-cn-an-X-amb A[nImcw \¬I-s∏-´n-´p≈ tkz—m-[n-]-Xn-bmb Hcp-Xcw hn[nI¿Øm-hmWv Xms\∂v k¶-ev]n-®p-sIm-≠v, a\p-jy≥ {]]©-Ønse Xs‚ ÿm\w \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øp∂p; {]Ir-Xn-bne£y-t_m-[-an-√msX Ah≥ Aebp∂p.

55. adp-h-i-Øv, hnizm-kw, {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-h-gn, {]Ir-Xnsb IqSp-X¬

98

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

IqSp-X-embn BZ-cn-°m\pw AXn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Xr°cw Fgp-Xp∂ Hcp hymI-c-Whpw \ΩpsS kwc£-W-Øn\pw ip{iq-j-bv°pw-th≠n Gev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ Hcp hmk-ÿehpw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. tIhew {]tbm-P\ - hpw em`hpw ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°msX krjvSn-Isf \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw IS-∏m-Sp≈ Hcp Zm\-ambn ]cn-KWn°p∂ hnI-k-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ Is≠-Øm\pw hnizmkw \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. A[n-Imcw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p hcp-∂p-sh∂pw AXns‚ e£yw s]mXp-\∑ - bpsS ip{iqjbm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬, `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øns‚ \oXn-]q¿h-Ia - mb cq]-߃ krjvSn-°m≥ AXp \sΩ ]Tn∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ hnizmkw ]e-t∏mgpw ka-

ssa°-em-©-tem-bpsS ""]ntbØm'', (1498˛99; sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv _kn-en-°m)

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

99

bhpw A≤zm-\hpw £abpw {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Bh-iy-amb £an-°phm-\p≈ km[yX {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. \∑ Ft∏mgpw Xn∑-tb-°mƒ ap≥t]-bp-≈Xpw AXn-t\-°mƒ i‡-hp-am-sW∂pw, ssZhw \ΩpsS PohnX-sØ ZrV-am°p∂ hN\w \ΩpsS F√m \ntj-[-ßsf-°mfpw AKm[-am-sW∂pw \mw Is≠-Øn-°-gnbp-tºmƒ £a km[yam-Ip-∂p. XnI®pw \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp \ne-]mSn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ, sFIyw kwL¿j-tØ-°mƒ t{ijvTam-Wv. kwL¿jw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ, sFIy-Ønte-°p≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Hcp-`mKw F∂ \ne-bnAXns\ Hcp irwJ-e-bnse Hcp IÆn-bm-°p∂-Xn\p-th≠n; AXp ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp {ia-Øn¬ \mw AXns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt°≠Xpw AXn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v apt∂td≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p. hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ASnÿm-\-ßfpw Zp¿_-e-am-Im-\p≈ A]-I-S-km-≤yX-bp≠v.

Ihn Sn.F- k v . Fen- b ‰v ap∂- d n- b n∏p \¬In- b - X pt]msebmWnXv: ""sNmt√≠Xpt≠m \nß-tfm-Sm -an-Xamw t\´- ߃t]mepw/]cn-j vIr-X-k-aq-l-Øn≥ coXn- bn\n߃°p hoºn-f-°m≥ Ign-bpw-t]mse/AXn-Po-hn-°n√ hnizm-k-sØ-sb∂pw kz¥w {]m[m-\y-Øn-\h hnizm-ktØmSp IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw?''48 \ΩpsS \K-c-ßfn¬\n∂v \mw ssZh-hn-izmkw \o°n°fbpI-bm-sW-¶n]c-kv]-c-hn-izmkw Zp¿_-e-am-Ipw. At∏mƒ `bw-sIm-≠pam{Xw \mw H∂n-®p-\n¬°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS ÿncX `ojWn°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. sl{_m-b¿°p≈ teJ-\-Øn¬ \mw Cßs\ hmbn-°p∂p: ""Ah-cpsS ssZhw F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ssZhw e÷n-°p-∂n√. Ah¿°mbn Ahn-Sp∂v Hcp \Kcw Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p≠s√m'' (sl{_m. 11:16). ChnsS ""e÷n-°p-∂n√'' F∂

100

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

]Z-{]-tbmKw ]c-ky-amb AwKo-Im-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´ncn°p∂p. Xm≥ \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-sW∂pw F√m a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-sfbpw ZrV-am-°m≥ Ahn-Sp∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂pw D≈ Hcp ]c-ky-{]-Jym-]\ - w, Xs‚ kaq¿Ø-{]-h¿Ø\-ßfn-eq-sS, ssZhw \S-Øp-I-bm-Wv F∂p ]d-bp-I-bmWv CXns‚ Dt±-iyw. AXn-\p- ]-I-cw, ssZhsØ \ΩpsS ssZh-sa∂p hnfn-°m≥ e÷n°p∂Xv \Ω-fm-bn-cn°p-tam? \ΩpsS s]m-XpPo-hn-XØ - n¬ B coXnbn¬ AhnSp-sØ G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬, Ahn-Sp∂v km≤yam-°p∂ s]mXp-hm-bp≈ Pohn-X-Øns‚ alØzw apt∂m´p-hbv-°p-∂-Xn¬, ]cm-P-b-s∏-´Xv \Ω-fmtWm? hnizm-kw PohnX-sØbpw kaq-l-sØbpw Zo]vX-am-°p-∂p. Ncn{XØnse Hmtcm ]pXnb \nan-j-Øn-\p-ap≈ k¿Km-fl-Iamb Hcp {]Imiw AXns‚ ssIh-i-ap-s≠-¶n¬, AXns‚ ImcWw Hmtcm kw`-h-sØbpw, F√m Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw ]nXm-hn-ep≈ Bcw-`-tØmSpw `mK-t[-b-tØm-Spw _‘s∏-SpØn AXp {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p F∂p-≈XmWv.

kl-\-Øn¬ Bizm-khpw i‡nbpw 56. Xs‚ t¢i-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-ß-sfbpwIpdn®v tImdnt¥m-knse ss{IkvX-h¿°v Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠v, hnip≤ ]utemkv At±-l-Øns‚ hnizm-ksØ Xs‚ kphntij-{]-tLm-j-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""Rm≥ hnizkn®p; AXn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn®p'' (2 tImdn. 4:13) F∂ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-`mKw X∂n¬Øs∂ ]q¿Øo-I-cn°-s∏-´Xmbn At±lw ImWp-∂p. 116˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-se Hcp hmIyamWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v. AXn¬ k¶o¿Ø-I≥ Cßs\ DZvtLm-jn-°p∂p: ""Rm≥ sImSnbZpcnX-Øn-e-I-s∏´p F∂p ]d-™t∏m-gpw Rms\s‚ hnizmkw ImØp-kq-£n®p'' (hmIyw 10). hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

101

kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]et∏m-gpw thZ-\m-]q¿Æ-amb ]co£-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]d-tb≠n ht∂-°mw. F∂mepw IrXyambn AØ-c-w ]co-£-W-Øn-emWv, hnip≤ ]utemkv G‰-hp-a-[nIw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kphn-tij{]tLmjWw Z¿in°p-I. Fs¥-∂m¬, Zu¿_-ey-Ønepw t¢iØn-ep-amWv \ΩpsS Zu¿_-ey-Øn-s‚bpw t¢i-Øn-s‚bpwta¬ hnPbw hcn-°p∂ ssZh-Øn-s‚ i‡n \mw Is≠Øp-I. ss{IkvX-h¿°v Poh-\m-bn- `hn-°p∂ Hcp acWw At∏m-kvXe - ≥Xs∂ A\p-`h - n-°p-Ib - p≠m-bn (cf. 2 tImdn.

4:7˛12). ]co-£-W-thf-bn¬ hnizmkw {]Imiw sIm≠ph-cp∂p. AtX-k-abw t¢ihpw Zu¿_-eyhpw ""R߃ DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Rß-sf-°pdn-®-√, {]Xyp-X, tbip-{InkvXp-hns\ I¿Øm-hm-bmWv'' (2 tImdn. 4:5) F∂v hy‡am-°p-∂p-≠v. sl{_m-b¿°p≈ teJ-\-Ønse ]Xn-s\m∂m-a-≤ymbw D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂Xv Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn\p-th≠n kl\-a-\p-`hn®-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿itØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv (cf. sl{_m. 11:35˛38). Ch-cn¬ {]apJ≥ {InkvXp-hn-\p-th≠n \nμ\w kln® tamibm-bn-cp∂p (cf. hmIyw 26). kl\w Hgn-hm-°m\mhn-s√∂v ss{IkvXh¿°- d n- b mw, F∂m¬ AXn\v A¿∞- a p- ≠ m- I m- \ pw, kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw \sΩ ssIsh-SnbmØ ssZh-Øns‚ Xr°-c-ß-fn¬ kzbw `c-ta-ev]n-°-en-s‚-bpw Hcp {]hrØn-bm-bn-Øo-cm≥ AXn\p km[n-°pw. Cu coXn-bnkl-\-Øn\v hnizm-k-Ønepw kvt\l-Øn-ep-ap≈ hf¿®bpsS Hcp \nanj-ambn amdphm≥ Ign-bp-w. Ipcn-inse Xs‚ thZ-\-bpsS ]mc-ay-Øn¬t]mepw ]nXm-hp-am-bp≈ {InkvXphns‚ sFIy-sØ-°p-dn®p (cf. a¿t°m. 15:34) [ym\n®p-sIm≠v, tbip-hns‚ AtX at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ ]¶ptN-cm≥ ss{IkvX-h¿ A`y-kn-°p-∂p. ac-Ww-t]mepw {]Im- i n- X - a m- I p- I bpw hnizm- k - Ø n- t e- ° p≈ A¥na

102

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Blzm-\-am-bn, ""\ns‚ tZisØ hn´p-t]m-hpI'' (D¬].

12:1) F∂ A¥n-a- hnfnbmbn, ]nXmhv Acpfn-s®-øp∂ ""hcnI'' F∂ A¥na £W-am-bn, AXn\v A\p-`-h-s∏Sm≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. \ΩpsS A¥naamb IS-∂pt]m-I-en¬t]mepw ]nXmhv \sΩ ZrV-Nn-Ø-cmbn \ne\n¿Øp-sa∂ Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn \mw \sΩØs∂ Ahn-Sp-tØ°v `c-ta¬]n°p∂p.

57. hnizm-k-sh-fn®w Cu temI-Øns‚ kl-\-ßsf ad-°m≥ \ap°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂n-√. F{Xtbm hnizm-kØns‚ a\pjycmWv, kln-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {]Im-i-Øns‚ a≤y-ÿsc Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv! A o-knbn-se hnip≤ {^m≥ko-kn-s\bpw IpjvT-tcm-Kn-sbbpw kw_-‘n-®v, AYhm sIm¬°-Ø-bnse hmgvØ-s∏´ aZ¿ sXtc-ksbbpw Ah-cpsS Zcn-{Z-scbpw kw_-‘n®v, AXv hmkvXh-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ clkyw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n. thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-cpsS ASp-Øp-sN-∂p-sIm≠v Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS thZ\ apgp-h≥ Hgn-hm°mt\m F√m Xn∑-Iƒ°pw hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Imt\m Ign-™n-√. hnizmkw \ΩpsS Ccp-´p-ap-gp-h≥ \o°p∂ Hcp shfn-®-a-√, {]XypX cm{Xn-bn¬ \ΩpsS Nph-Sp-Iƒ°v hgnIm-´p-∂Xpw bm{Xbv°v aXn-bm-b-Xp-amb Hcp Zo]-am-Wv. thZ-\n-°p∂h¿°v ssZhw F√mw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p∂ \ymbhm-Z-߃ \¬Ip-∂n-√; adn®v Ahn-SpsØ {]Xyp-Ø-cw, Ah-cpsS IqsS-bp≈ Hcp km∂n-≤y-Ønt‚XmWv. AXv F√m kl-\Ncn-{Xßsfbpw kv]¿-in-°p-∂Xpw Hcp {]Imi-IncWw Xpd-°p-∂-Xp-amb \∑-bpsS Hcp Ncn-{X-am-Wv. {InkvXp-hn¬, ssZhw Xs∂ \tΩmsSmØv Cu ]mX-bn]¶p-tN-cm\pw AXn-\p≈n-se {]Imiw \mw Z¿in-°m≥th≠n Xs‚ ISm£w \ap°p \¬Im\pw B{K-ln-°p∂p. ]oU-\-߃ kln-®n-´p≈-h-\mb {InkvXp, ""\ΩpsS

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

103

hnizm-k-Øns‚ \mY\pw AXns\ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øn-°p∂-h\pw'' (sl{_m. 12:2) BWv. s]mXp-\-∑-bv°p≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ip{iqj F√mbvt]m-gpw {]Xym-i-bp-tS-Xm-sW∂v kl\w \sΩ A\pkvacn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p a - m-{X-am-Wv, D∞n-X\ - mb tbip- h n¬\n∂phcp∂ `mhn- b n¬\n∂p am{X- a mWv , \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn\v ZrVhpw imiz-X-hp-amb ASn-ÿm\-߃ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpI F∂ Adn-hn¬ Ft∏m-gpw ap∂n-te°p t\m°p∂ Hcp {]Xym-i-bm-W-Xv. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ hnizmkw {]Xym-i-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p.

Fs¥-∂m¬, ChnsS `qan-bnep≈ \ΩpsS hkXn \in°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬t]m-epw. {InkvXp-hn¬ Ahn-Sp-sØ icoc-Øn¬, ssZhw Xøm-dm°n Ign-™n-cn-°p∂ Hcp imizX-hk - Xn \ap-°p≠v (cf. 2 tImdn. 4:16˛5:5). Aßs\ hnizmk-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xym-i-bp-sSbpw kvt\-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ne\m-fl-IX (cf. 1 sXk. 1:3; 1 tImdn. 13:13) ""ssZhw kwhn[m\w sNbvXXpw \n¿Ωn-®-Xp-amb'' (sl{_m. 11:10) \Kc-Øn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS bm{X-bnse F√m a\pjycpsSbpw Xmev]-cy-ßsf Bt«-jn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, ""{]Xymi \sΩ \ncm-i-cm-°p-∂n√'' (tdmam. 5:5). hnizm-k-tØmSpw kvt\l-tØmSpw tbmPn-®p-sIm-≠v Cu temI-Øns‚ hn{K-l-ß-fpsS hymtamln-∏n-°p∂ hiy-X-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hyXy-kvX-sa-¶nepw \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-߃°v ]pXnb Du¿÷hpw IcpØpw ]I-cp∂ Hcp N{I-hm-f-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Ønep≈ kp\n-›n-X-amb Hcp `mhn-bn-te°v {]Xym-i \sΩ Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS {]Xymi A]l-cn-°-s∏Sp-∂Xn\v \ap°\phZn-°m-Xn-cn°mw; AYhm ImesØ ""inYn-eo-I-cn®v'' ÿe]cn-an-Xn-bn-te-bv°-Xns\ am‰n-s°m-

104

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

≠v, \ΩpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnsb XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂ D]-cn-πhamb DØ-c-ß-fpw ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw \ΩpsS {]Xym-ibv°v aß-te-ev]n-°p-∂Xv \ap°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°mw. Imew Ft∏mgpw ÿe-tØ-°mƒ hnim-eamWv. ÿew ]cn-Wma-{I-a-ßsf ITn\-am-°p∂p. AtX-k-abw Ime-am-Is´ `mhn-bn-te°v apt∂dp-Ibpw {]Xym-im-]q¿hw apt∂-dm≥ \sΩ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. (cf. eq°m 1:45) 58. hnX-°m-cs‚ D]-a-bn¬, ""\√ \nesØ''°pdn-®p≈ I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ hnip≤ eq°m \ap-°p-th≠n tcJ-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p: ""\√ \neØp hoW-tXm, hN\wtI´v, DXvIr-jvShpw \n¿Ω-e-hp-amb lrZ-b-Øn¬ AXv kw{K-ln-®v, £a-tbmsS ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-h-cmWv'' (eq°m. 8:15). eq°m-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe-Øn¬, hN-\w-tI´v AXp kw{K-ln-°p-∂, DXvIr-jvShpw \n¿Ω-e-hp-amb lrZ-bsØ°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw I\y-Ima-dn-b-Øns‚ hnizm-k-sØ-°pdn®p≈, A¥¿eo-\-amb Hcp Nn{Xo-I-c-W-am-Wv. adn-b-Øns‚ kvac-W-sb-°p-dn-®v, Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hN\w ^e-aWn-bm≥th≠n, Xm≥ tI´Xpw I≠Xpw F{]-Imcw Ahƒ Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\n[n-t]mse kw{K-ln®p-h®p F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v, kphnti-j-I≥Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. I¿Øm-hns‚ AΩ hnizmk-]q¿ÆXbpsS {]Xn-cq]-am-Wv. hnip≤ Fen-k-_Øv ]d-bp∂p: ""hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn'' (eq°m 1:45). kotbm≥]p{Xn-bmb adn-b-Øn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse Zo¿L-amb hnizm-kN - c - n{Xw \nd-th-dp-∂p. kmdm-bn¬-\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p∂ F{Xtbm hnizkvX kv{XoI-fpsS hnh-cWw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-ep-≠v: ]q¿h]n-Xm-°-∑m-tcmSp-tN¿∂v, Cu kv{XoI-fnepw ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w \nd-th-ds - ∏-Sp-Ibpw

hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

105

]pXnb PohnXw ]pjv]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ime-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬, ssZh-h-N\w adnb-tØmSv Adn-bn-°-s∏-SpIbpw Ahƒ B hN-\sØ Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬, Xs‚ apgph≥ kØ-bn¬, kzoI-cn-°pI-bpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ Ah-fpsS DZ-cØ - n¬ B hN\w amwkw [cn°p-Ibpw a\pjy-h¿K-Øn-\p≈ {]Im-ia - mbn P\n-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. c‡-km-£n-bmb hnip≤ PÃn≥, ss{St^m-bp-am-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬, {it≤-b-amb Hcp {]-tbmKw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v: adn-bw, amemJ-bpsS ktμiw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, ""hnizm-k-sØbpw kt¥m- j - s Øbpw'' 49 K¿`w [cn®p F∂v At±lw \tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ amXm-hn¬ hnizmkw AXns‚ km^eyw {]I-S-am-°n. \ΩpsS kz¥w Bflo-b-Pohn-Xw ^e-aW - n-bp-tºmƒ, \mw kt¥m-jØ - m¬ \ndbp∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ al-Øz-Øns‚ hy‡-amb AS-bm-f-amWXv. Xs‚ Xncp-°p-am-cs‚ Ime-Sn-Isf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂psIm≠v,50 kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ adnbw hnizm-k-Xo¿∞mS\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Ahfn¬, ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se hnizmkbm{X tbip-hn-\m¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏Sp-Ibpw a\p-jym-hXmcw sNbvX ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ ISm-£Ø - n-tebv°v {]thin°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v Ahn-SpsØ A\pKan-°-embn Db¿Ø-s∏-´p.

59. ]cn-ip-≤-I-\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn¬ Rm≥ ap≥]v ]d™Xp-t]m-se, Hcp hnizmkn Ahs‚ As√¶n¬ Ah-fpsS hnizm-k{- ]-Jym-]\ - Ø - n-te°v ]q¿Æ-ambn Db¿Øs∏-Sp∂p F∂v \ap°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. tbip-hp-am-bp≈ adn-bØns‚ KmV-_‘w \nanØw, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-hn-j-bhp- a mbn Ahƒ hfsc kq£v a - a m- b n- Ø s∂ tbmPn®n-cn°p∂p. I\y-Ibpw AΩbpw F∂ \ne-bn¬, adnbw {InkvXp-hns‚ ssZh-]p-{X-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v hy‡-amb

106

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

sXfnhp \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. ]nXm-hn-em-Wv {InkvXp-hns‚ \nXyamb D¤-hw. ka-{Khpw AXpey-hp-amb Hc¿∞-ØnAhn-Sp∂v ]p{X-\m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp ]pcp-js‚ CSs]S¬ IqSmsX Ime-Øn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v P\n°p∂p. ]p{X≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬, tbip temI-Øn-te°v Hcp ]pXnb Bcw`hpw Hcp ]pXnb {]Im-ih - pw, am\-hc - m-in°v {]Zm\w sNøs∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ hnizkvX kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿ÆX sIm≠p-hcp∂p. F∂m¬ adn-b-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ amXrXzw ssZh-]p-{X\v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp a\p-jy-N-cn{Xw, Ahn-Sp∂v Ipcnin¬ acn-°pIbpw acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v D∞m\w sNøpIbpw sNbvX bYm¿∞ ico-cw, kp\n›nXam-°p-∂p. adnbw Ipcn-in-te°v tbiphns\ A\pKan°p∂p (cf. tbml. 19:25) Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ah-fpsS amXrXzw Ahn-SpsØ injy-∑m-cn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcn-te°pw hym]n-°p∂p (cf. tbml. 19:26˛27). tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\Øn\pw kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-Øn-\pw-ti-jw, At∏mkv-X-e-∑mtcmSptN¿∂v ]cn- i p- ≤ m- fl m- h ns‚ Zm\- Ø n- \ p- t h≠n {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠v, skln-tbm≥ amfnI-ap-dn-bn-epw adnbw k∂n-ln-X-bm-bn-cp∂p (cf. At∏m. 1:14). ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS-bpw CS-bn-se kvt\lØns‚ Ne\w \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \ap°v c£ \¬Ip-hm≥th≠n {InkvXp X∂n-te-°pXs∂ \sΩ BI¿jn-°p∂p (cf. tbml. 12:32). ssZh-]p{X\pw kv{Xobn¬-\n∂p PmX-\mb-h\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhns‚ Zm\-Øn-eqsS ]p{Xo-]p-{X-∑m-cmbn ZsØ-Sp-°p-∂Xn-te°v \sΩ B\-bn-°p∂-h\ - p-amb tbip-hns\ \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬-Øs∂ \mw G‰p-]-d-bp-∂p (cf. Kem. 4:4).

60. k`-bpsS amXmhpw \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ amXmhp-amb adn-bØ - n-te°v \ap°v {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿hw Xncnbmw:

ssZhw Ah¿°mbn Hcp \Kcw Xømdm-°p∂p

107

AtΩ, Rß-fpsS hnizm-ksØ klm-bn-°-Wta! ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {ihn-°m\pw Ahn-SpsØ kzchpw hnfn-bpw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Rß-fpsS ImXp-Isf Xpd-°-Wta. AhnSpsØ ImeSnIsf ]n≥Xp-S-cm-\p-≈, Rß-fpsS kz¥w tZi-Øp-\n∂p ]pd-s∏´v Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm\w kzoIcn-°m-\p≈, A`n-emjw Rß-fn¬ DW¿Øn-bmepw. hnizm-k-]q¿hw R߃ tbip-hns\ kv]¿in-°m≥th≠n Ahn- S psØ kv t \l- Ø m¬ kv ] ¿in- ° - s ∏- S m≥ Rßsf klmbn-°-W-ta.

Rß-fpsS hnizmkw hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ hnfn-°-s∏-Sptºmƒ, Ipcn-ins‚ \ng-en-\p-Xm-sg, {]tXy-In®v ]co-£-WthfI-fn¬, Rß-sf-Øs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn AhnSp-tØ°p `cta-ev]n-°m\pw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m\pw Rßsf klm-bn-°-W-ta.

Rß-fpsS hnizm-kØ - n¬ D∞n-Xs‚ kt¥mjw hnX®mepw. hniz-kn-°p-∂h - ¿ Hcn-°epw H‰-bv°s - √∂v Rßsf A\pkva-cn-∏n-°-W-ta. tbip Rß-fpsS ]mXbv°p {]Im-ia - m-Im≥th≠n F√m Imcy- ß fpw Ahn- S psØ IÆp- I - t fm- S p- I qSn ImWm≥ Rßsf ]Tn-∏n-°-W-ta. Aß-bpsS ]p{X\pw Rß-fpsS I¿Øm-hp-amb {InkvXp Xs∂-bmb B A\-iz-c-Zn-\-Øns‚ Dj- p-hsc Cu hnizm-k-sh-fn®w Rß-fn¬ Ft∏mgpw h¿≤n-°-s´!

Fs‚ {][m-\m-Nm-cy-Xz-Øns‚ {]Ya h¿j-amb 2013˛¬ hnip≤ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cmb ]t{Xm-kns‚bpw ]utem-kn-s‚bpw Xncp\mƒZn\-amb Pq¨ 29˛mw XobXn tdmanse hnip≤ ]t{Xm-kns‚ _kn-en-°-bn¬h®p \¬I-s∏-´-Xv.

{^m≥ko-kv am¿]m∏

108

hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w

Notes 1.

Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 121, 2: PG 6, 758.

2.

Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus, IX: PG 8, 195.

3.

Brief an Elisabeth Nietzsche (11 June 1865), in: Werke in drei Bänden, München, 1954, 953ff.

4.

Paradiso XXIV, 145-147.

5.

Acta Sanctorum, Junii, I, 21.

6.

“Though the Council does not expressly deal with faith, it speaks of it on every page, it recognizes its living, supernatural character, it presumes it to be full and strong, and it bases its teachings on it. It is sufficient to recall the Council’s state-ments… to see the essential importance which the Council, in line with the doctrinal tradition of the Church, attributes to faith, the true faith, which has its source in Christ, and the magisterium of the Church for its channel” (Paul VI, General Audience [8 March 1967]: Insegnamenti V [1967], 705).

7.

Cf., forexample, First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith Dei Filius, Ch. 3: DS 3008-3020; Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5: Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 153-165.

Chapter 1

8.

Cf. Catechesis V, 1: PG 33, 505A.

9.

In Psal. 32, II, s. I, 9: PL 36, 284.

Notes

109

10. M. Buber, Die Erzählungen der Chassidim, Zürich, 1949, 793.

11. Émile, Paris, 1966, 387.

12. Lettre à Christophe de Beaumont, Lausanne, 1993, 110.

13. Cf. In Ioh. Evang., 45, 9: PL 35, 1722-1723.

14. Part II, IV. 15. De Continentia, 4, 11: PL 40, 356.

16. “Vom Wesen katholischer Weltanschau ung” (1923), in Unterscheidung des Christlichen. Gesammelte Studien 1923-1963, Mainz, 1963, 24.

Chapter 2 17. XI, 30, 40: PL 32, 825.

18. Cf. ibid., 825-826.

19. Cf. Vermischte Bemerkungen / Culture and Value, ed.

G.H. von Wright, Oxford, 1991, 32-33; 61-64.

20. Homiliae in Evangelia, II, 27, 4: PL 76, 1207.

21. Cf. Expositio super Cantica Canticorum, XVIII, 88: CCL, Continuatio Mediaevalis 87, 67.

22. Ibid., XIX, 90: CCL, Continuatio Mediae valis 87, 69.

23. “The obedience of faith (Rom 16:26; compare Rom 1:5, 2 Cor 10:5-6) must be our response to the God who reveals. By faith one freely submits oneself entirely to God making the full submission of intellect and will to God who reveals, and willingly assenting to the revelation given by God. For this faith to be

110

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accorded, we need the grace of God, anticipating it and assisting it, as well as the interior helps of the Holy Spirit, who moves the heart and converts it to God, and opens the eyes of the mind and makes it easy for all to accept and believe the truth. The same Holy Spirit constantly perfects faith by his gifts, so that revelation may be more and more deeply understood” (Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5).

24. Cf. H. Schlier, Meditationen über den Johanneischen Begriff der Wahrheit, in Besinnung auf das Neue Testament. Exegetische Aufsätze und Vorträge 2, Freiburg, Basel, Wien, 1959, 272.

25. Cf. S. Th. III, q. 55, a. 2, ad 1.

26. Sermo 229/L (Guelf. 14), 2 (Miscellanea Augustiniana 1, 487/488): “Tangere autem corde, hoc est credere”.

""{InkvXo-b-X-bpsS hnPbw''; sXmΩmtkm eutd-Øn-bpsS cN\ (1582; hØn-°m≥ ayqkn-bw)

Notes

111

27. Cf. Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 73: AAS (1999), 61-62.

28. Cf. Confessiones, VIII, 12, 29: PL 32, 762.

29. De Trinitate, XV, 11, 20: PL 42, 1071: “verbum quod intus lucet”.

30. Cf. De Civitate Dei, XXII, 30, 5: PL 41, 804.

31. Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000), 15: AAS 92 (2000), 756.

32. Demonstratio Apostolicae Predicationis, 24: SC 406, 117.

33. Cf. Bonaventure, Breviloquium, prol.: Opera Omnia, V, Quaracchi 1891, 201; In I Sent., proem, q. 1, resp.: Opera Omnia, I, Quaracchi 1891, 7; Thomas Aquinas, S. Th I, q.1.

Chapter 3 34. Cf. De Baptismo, 20, 5: CCL 1, 295.

35. Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 8.

36. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 59.

37. Cf. Epistula Barnabae, 11, 5: SC 172, 162.

38. Cf. De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia I, 4, 5: PL 44, 413: “Habent quippe intentionem generandi regenerandos, ut qui ex eis saeculi filii nascuntur in Dei filios renascantur”.

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39. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum,8.

40. In Nativitate Domini Sermo, 4, 6: SC 22, 110.

41. Cf. Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, I, 10, 2: SC 264, 160.

42. Cf. ibid., II, 27, 1: SC 294, 264.

43. Cf. Augustine, De Sancta Virginitate, 48, 48: PL 40, 424-425: “Servatur et in fide inviolata quaedam castitas virginalis, qua Ecclesia uni viro virgo casta coaptatur”.

44. Cf. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (Uniform Edition: Longmans, Green and Company, London, 1868-1881), 185-189.

45. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10.

Chapter 4 46. Origen, Contra Celsum, IV, 75: SC 136, 372.

47. Ibid., 85: SC 136, 394.

48. “Choruses from The Rock”, in The Collected Poems and Plays 1909-1950, New York, 1980, 106.

49. Cf. Dialogus cum Tryphone Iudaeo, 100, 5: PG 6, 710.

50. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 58.