COMPREHENSION Based on the reading, write T for true or F for false. 1.
It’s a good idea to use personal information in your passwords.
2.
It’s not advisable to use the same password for most of your accounts.
3.
According to a study, only around 25 percent of passwords are strong enough.
THINK ABOUT IT Discuss the questions with a partner or in a small group. 1. How concerned are you about cybercrime? Does it affect your enjoyment of the Internet? Explain. 2. Which of the password tips are the most important, in your opinion?
5.1 Modals—An Overview The modal verbs are can, could, should, would, may, might, must, and will. Modals add meaning to the verbs that follow them. EXAMPLES
EXPLANATION
You should change your password frequently. The password for my bank account must include at least one number.
A base form follows a modal. A modal never has an -s ending.
You should not tell anyone your password. I cannot remember so many passwords.
To form the negative, we put not after the modal. The negative of can is written as one word: cannot. The contraction for cannot is can’t.
Passwords should be changed frequently. Passwords must be entered exactly.
To form the passive with a modal, we use the modal + be + past participle.
I can’t remember so many passwords. = I am not able to remember so many passwords.
Expressions that are like modals in meaning are: have to, have got to, be able to, be allowed to, be permitted to, be supposed to, had better.
You must use letters and numbers. = You have to use letters and numbers. Observe these seven patterns with a modal: Affirmative Statement: You should choose a password. Negative Statement: You shouldn’t choose your name or birthday. Yes/No Question: Should you choose a long password? Short Answer: Yes, you should. Wh- Question: Why should you choose a long password? Negative Wh- Question: Why shouldn’t you choose your name? Subject Question: Who should choose a long password?
EXERCISE 1 Listen to the conversation. Write T for true or F for false.
5.2
1.
The woman has no trouble remembering her passwords.
2.
The man doesn’t like having to create new passwords.
3.
The man and woman agree that technology has made life more complicated in some ways.
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