FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING PART 1 Editing Advice 1. After a modal, always use a base form.
have
Lincoln should has had more protection. 2. To express the past with some modals, use modal + have + the past participle.
have
The bodyguard shouldn’t left the theater. 3. Don’t use of after a modal to express past. Use the auxiliary verb have.
have
The Cuban Missile Crisis could of caused a third world war. 4. Use the correct form for the past participle.
gone
Lincoln shouldn’t have went to the theater that night. 5. Can is never used for the past.
couldn’t vote
I can’t voted in the last election. 6. Don’t confuse couldn’t have + the past participle with couldn’t + the base form.
understand
When we read the article about Lincoln, I couldn’t have understood a few words.
have d
If you didn’t understand the article, you could use a dictionary.
PART 2 Editing Practice Some of the shaded words and phrases have mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. If the shaded words are correct, write C. You probably know about the assassination of President Kennedy. But do you know about the tragic death of his son in 1999? John Junior was less than three years old when his father was killed. Because he was so young, he
couldn’t remember
C
can’t remembered much about him. But of course he must have heard a lot about his father from his 1.
2.
family and from history. And he must remembered his uncle Robert, who was assassinated when John was 3.
eight years old. John Junior could be a politician like his dad and uncles. He might have been discouraged from 4.
5.
going into politics, though, because both his father and his uncle were assassinated. Instead, he wanted to become a lawyer. After awhile, though, he decided to publish a political magazine, so he must of been 6.
interested in politics. Because he was so famous, he couldn’t go out in public without being followed by photographers. When 7.
he flew on commercial airlines, other passengers asked him questions, took his picture, and wanted his autograph. He can’t got any privacy at all. So he decided to get his pilot’s license and fly his own airplane. 8.
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